Carcinoma neuroendocrine. Medical search

Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.

A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round "blue cells", granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small ("oat") cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A system of NEURONS that has the specialized function to produce and secrete HORMONES, and that constitutes, in whole or in part, an ENDOCRINE SYSTEM or organ.

Specialized NEURONS that produce hormones, such as NEUROPEPTIDES or BIOGENIC AMINES. They generally are in the NERVOUS SYSTEM, such as HYPOTHALAMUS, but can be found in other organs or systems. These neurons contain dense neurosecretory granules and PROPROTEIN CONVERTASES allowing the rapidly release of NEUROHORMONES into the blood circulation upon stimulation.

A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

A type of chromogranin which was first isolated from CHROMAFFIN CELLS of the ADRENAL MEDULLA but is also found in other tissues and in many species including human, bovine, rat, mouse, and others. It is an acidic protein with 431 to 445 amino acid residues. It contains fragments that inhibit vasoconstriction or release of hormones and neurotransmitter, while other fragments exert antimicrobial actions.

A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.

A group of acidic proteins that are major components of SECRETORY GRANULES in the endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. They play important roles in the aggregation, packaging, sorting, and processing of secretory protein prior to secretion. They are cleaved to release biologically active peptides. There are various types of granins, usually classified by their sources.

A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)

A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)

An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.

A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).

An acidic protein found in the NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM that functions as a molecular chaperone for PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE 2.

A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.

A carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of the breast constitute 5%-7% of all mammary carcinomas; medullary carcinomas of the thyroid comprise 3%-10% of all thyroid malignancies. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1141; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most commonly as a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin and histologically show neurosecretory granules. The skin of the head and neck are a common site of Merkel cell carcinoma, occurring generally in elderly patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1245)

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

Tumors or cancer of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, from the MOUTH to the ANAL CANAL.

Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.

A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.

A MARVEL domain-containing protein found in the presynaptic vesicles of NEURONS and NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS. It is commonly used as an immunocytochemical marker for neuroendocrine differentiation.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A potent, long-acting synthetic SOMATOSTATIN octapeptide analog that inhibits secretion of GROWTH HORMONE and is used to treat hormone-secreting tumors; DIABETES MELLITUS; HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC; HYPERINSULINISM; hypergastrinemia; and small bowel fistula.

Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.

A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.

Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.

A infiltrating (invasive) breast cancer, relatively uncommon, accounting for only 5%-10% of breast tumors in most series. It is often an area of ill-defined thickening in the breast, in contrast to the dominant lump characteristic of ductal carcinoma. It is typically composed of small cells in a linear arrangement with a tendency to grow around ducts and lobules. There is likelihood of axillary nodal involvement with metastasis to meningeal and serosal surfaces. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1205)

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.

Cell surface proteins that bind somatostatin and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Somatostatin is a hypothalamic hormone, a pancreatic hormone, and a central and peripheral neurotransmitter. Activated somatostatin receptors on pituitary cells inhibit the release of growth hormone; those on endocrine and gastrointestinal cells regulate the absorption and utilization of nutrients; and those on neurons mediate somatostatin's role as a neurotransmitter.

Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.

Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

A tumor of both low- and high-grade malignancy. The low-grade grow slowly, appear in any age group, and are readily cured by excision. The high-grade behave aggressively, widely infiltrate the salivary gland and produce lymph node and distant metastases. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas account for about 21% of the malignant tumors of the parotid gland and 10% of the sublingual gland. They are the most common malignant tumor of the parotid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240)

Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system.

A mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous cell or epidermoid carcinoma.

The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.

Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)

A collection of NEURONS, tracts of NERVE FIBERS, endocrine tissue, and blood vessels in the HYPOTHALAMUS and the PITUITARY GLAND. This hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulation provides the mechanism for hypothalamic neuroendocrine (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES) regulation of pituitary function and the release of various PITUITARY HORMONES into the systemic circulation to maintain HOMEOSTASIS.

Two or more abnormal growths of tissue occurring simultaneously and presumed to be of separate origin. The neoplasms may be histologically the same or different, and may be found in the same or different sites.

An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cells resembling the glandular cells of the ENDOMETRIUM. It is a common histological type of ovarian CARCINOMA and ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA. There is a high frequency of co-occurrence of this form of adenocarcinoma in both tissues.

A 14-amino acid peptide named for its ability to inhibit pituitary GROWTH HORMONE release, also called somatotropin release-inhibiting factor. It is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, the gut, and other organs. SRIF can also inhibit the release of THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE; PROLACTIN; INSULIN; and GLUCAGON besides acting as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. In a number of species including humans, there is an additional form of somatostatin, SRIF-28 with a 14-amino acid extension at the N-terminal.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Ventral part of the DIENCEPHALON extending from the region of the OPTIC CHIASM to the caudal border of the MAMMILLARY BODIES and forming the inferior and lateral walls of the THIRD VENTRICLE.

Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad and rarely in other sites. It is rare in the female ovary, but in the male it accounts for 20% of all testicular tumors. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1595)

Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.

Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.

Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND.

Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.

A type of chromogranin which was initially characterized in a rat PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELL LINE. It is found in many species including human, rat, mouse, and others. It is an acidic protein with 626 to 657 amino acid residues. In some species, it inhibits secretion of PARATHYROID HORMONE or INSULIN and exerts bacteriolytic effects in others.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON.

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.

Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.

A hydro-lyase that catalyzes the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to form PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE. Several different isoforms of this enzyme exist, each with its own tissue specificity.

A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.

The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site.

A variant of well-differentiated epidermoid carcinoma that is most common in the oral cavity, but also occurs in the larynx, nasal cavity, esophagus, penis, anorectal region, vulva, vagina, uterine cervix, and skin, especially on the sole of the foot. Most intraoral cases occur in elderly male abusers of smokeless tobacco. The treatment is surgical resection. Radiotherapy is not indicated, as up to 30% treated with radiation become highly aggressive within six months. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

DNA present in neoplastic tissue.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by a cytoplasmic droplet of mucus. It usually arises in the gastrointestinal system.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.

The interactions between the anterior pituitary and adrenal glands, in which corticotropin (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex and adrenal cortical hormones suppress the production of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary.

Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.

Tumors or cancer in the ILEUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).

An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).

Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.

Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.

The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

A CELL CYCLE and tumor growth marker which can be readily detected using IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY methods. Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen present only in the nuclei of cycling cells.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.

A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.

Neoplasms composed of more than one type of neoplastic tissue.

Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.

The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.

A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.

Ductless glands that secrete HORMONES directly into the BLOOD CIRCULATION. These hormones influence the METABOLISM and other functions of cells in the body.

An adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. (From Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1437)

Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene (GENES, P53) whose normal function is to control CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS. A mutant or absent p53 protein has been found in LEUKEMIA; OSTEOSARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; and COLORECTAL CANCER.

Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A tumor that secretes VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE, a neuropeptide that causes VASODILATION; relaxation of smooth muscles; watery DIARRHEA; HYPOKALEMIA; and HYPOCHLORHYDRIA. Vipomas, derived from the pancreatic ISLET CELLS, generally are malignant and can secrete other hormones. In most cases, Vipomas are located in the PANCREAS but can be found in extrapancreatic sites.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.

A serine endopeptidase that has specificity for cleavage at ARGININE. It cleaves a variety of prohormones including PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN, proluteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone, proenkephalins, prodynorphin, and PROINSULIN.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The simultaneous analysis of multiple samples of TISSUES or CELLS from BIOPSY or in vitro culture that have been arranged in an array format on slides or microchips.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.

A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the COMMON BILE DUCT and the MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT, also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla.

A primary malignant neoplasm of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the non-INSULIN-producing cell types, the PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and the pancreatic delta cells (SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS) in GLUCAGONOMA and SOMATOSTATINOMA, respectively.

The malignant stem cells of TERATOCARCINOMAS, which resemble pluripotent stem cells of the BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS. The EC cells can be grown in vitro, and experimentally induced to differentiate. They are used as a model system for studying early embryonic cell differentiation.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.

Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Vesicles derived from the GOLGI APPARATUS containing material to be released at the cell surface.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)

A thyroid neoplasm of mixed papillary and follicular arrangement. Its biological behavior and prognosis is the same as that of a papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1271)

A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)

Administration of antineoplastic agents together with an embolizing vehicle. This allows slow release of the agent as well as obstruction of the blood supply to the neoplasm.

A GASTRIN-secreting neuroendocrine tumor of the non-beta ISLET CELLS, the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS. This type of tumor is primarily located in the PANCREAS or the DUODENUM. Majority of gastrinomas are malignant. They metastasize to the LIVER; LYMPH NODES; and BONE but rarely elsewhere. The presence of gastrinoma is one of three requirements to be met for identification of ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME, which sometimes occurs in families with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1; (MEN 1).

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.

RNA present in neoplastic tissue.

Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.

An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed)

Tumors or cancer of the ADRENAL GLANDS.

Benign and malignant neoplastic processes arising from or involving components of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, cranial nerves, and meninges. Included in this category are primary and metastatic nervous system neoplasms.

A peptide of about 41 amino acids that stimulates the release of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. CRH is synthesized by neurons in the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, CRH stimulates the release of ACTH from the PITUITARY GLAND. CRH can also be synthesized in other tissues, such as PLACENTA; ADRENAL MEDULLA; and TESTIS.

Transplantation between animals of different species.

A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).

Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.

The first alpha-globulins to appear in mammalian sera during FETAL DEVELOPMENT and the dominant serum proteins in early embryonic life.

Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.

A small, unpaired gland situated in the SELLA TURCICA. It is connected to the HYPOTHALAMUS by a short stalk which is called the INFUNDIBULUM.

Nucleus in the anterior part of the HYPOTHALAMUS.

The loss of one allele at a specific locus, caused by a deletion mutation; or loss of a chromosome from a chromosome pair, resulting in abnormal HEMIZYGOSITY. It is detected when heterozygous markers for a locus appear monomorphic because one of the ALLELES was deleted.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)

A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.

A CELL LINE derived from a PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA of the rat ADRENAL MEDULLA. PC12 cells stop dividing and undergo terminal differentiation when treated with NERVE GROWTH FACTOR, making the line a useful model system for NERVE CELL differentiation.

Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.

The biochemical and electrophysiological interactions between the NERVOUS SYSTEM and IMMUNE SYSTEM.

Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the level of CELL DIFFERENTIATION in neoplasms as increasing ANAPLASIA correlates with the aggressiveness of the neoplasm.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Tumors or cancer of the DUODENUM.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

The total amount (cell number, weight, size or volume) of tumor cells or tissue in the body.

A general term collectively applied to tumors associated with the APUD CELLS series, irrespective of their specific identification.

A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.

Hormones secreted by the PITUITARY GLAND including those from the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis), and the ill-defined intermediate lobe. Structurally, they include small peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins. They are under the regulation of neural signals (NEUROTRANSMITTERS) or neuroendocrine signals (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES) from the hypothalamus as well as feedback from their targets such as ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ANDROGENS; ESTROGENS.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects.

A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate.

Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.

Metastases in which the tissue of origin is unknown.

A 30-kDa protein synthesized primarily in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND and the HYPOTHALAMUS. It is also found in the skin and other peripheral tissues. Depending on species and tissues, POMC is cleaved by PROHORMONE CONVERTASES yielding various active peptides including ACTH; BETA-LIPOTROPIN; ENDORPHINS; MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONES; and others (GAMMA-LPH; CORTICOTROPIN-LIKE INTERMEDIATE LOBE PEPTIDE; N-terminal peptide of POMC or NPP).

Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.

Neoplasms composed of nerve tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the nervous system or its component nerves.

An almost always malignant GLUCAGON-secreting tumor derived from the PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS. It is characterized by a distinctive migratory ERYTHEMA; WEIGHT LOSS; STOMATITIS; GLOSSITIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; hypoaminoacidemia; and normochromic normocytic ANEMIA.

A pathologic process consisting of the proliferation of blood vessels in abnormal tissues or in abnormal positions.

Tumor suppressor genes located on the short arm of human chromosome 17 and coding for the phosphoprotein p53.

A neural crest tumor usually derived from the chromoreceptor tissue of a paraganglion, such as the carotid body, or medulla of the adrenal gland (usually called a chromaffinoma or pheochromocytoma). It is more common in women than in men. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Cells that store epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals the vesicles to secrete their hormonal content. Their name derives from their ability to stain a brownish color with chromic salts. Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia (PARAGANGLIA, CHROMAFFIN) of the sympathetic nervous system.

A peptide hormone that lowers calcium concentration in the blood. In humans, it is released by thyroid cells and acts to decrease the formation and absorptive activity of osteoclasts. Its role in regulating plasma calcium is much greater in children and in certain diseases than in normal adults.

Tumors or cancer of the PARANASAL SINUSES.

A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.

The production and release of substances such as NEUROTRANSMITTERS or HORMONES from nerve cells.

Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.

Calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They are important in the formation of ADHERENS JUNCTIONS between cells. Cadherins are classified by their distinct immunological and tissue specificities, either by letters (E- for epithelial, N- for neural, and P- for placental cadherins) or by numbers (cadherin-12 or N-cadherin 2 for brain-cadherin). Cadherins promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism as in the construction of tissues and of the whole animal body.

A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF RECEPTOR, the ERBB-3 RECEPTOR, and the ERBB-4 RECEPTOR. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member.

An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower.

A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Proteins that are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. Deficiencies or abnormalities in these proteins may lead to unregulated cell growth and tumor development.

Genes that inhibit expression of the tumorigenic phenotype. They are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. When tumor suppressor genes are inactivated or lost, a barrier to normal proliferation is removed and unregulated growth is possible.

Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.

A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Comparison of survival between malignant neuroendocrine tumours of midgut and pancreatic origin. (1/327)

The survival of 64 consecutive patients with disseminated midgut carcinoid tumours was compared in a retrospective study with that of 25 consecutive patients with sporadic malignant endocrine pancreatic tumours treated according to similar surgical principles. The presence of hepatic metastases implied a worse prognosis in neuroendocrine tumours of pancreatic rather than midgut origin. This infers that these tumour types must be separated when treatments are evaluated. (+info)

Brain metastases from adenoendocrine carcinoma of the common bile duct: a case report. (2/327)

A 68-year-old man with metastatic brain tumors from adenoendocrine carcinoma of the common bile duct is reported. A common bile duct tumor and a metastatic liver tumor had been resected 6 years and 3 years prior to admission, respectively. Microscopically they showed two components; moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma. He presented with headache and vomiting and MRI revealed two metastatic brain tumors. They were successfully resected and radiotherapy was carried out. Histological diagnosis of the metastatic brain tumors was neuroendocrine carcinoma, but carbohydrate antigen (CA)-19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-immunoreactive cells were observed without glandular pattern. Immunohistochemically serotonin and pancreatic polypeptide were detected, but somatostatin was not. As the endocrine cells demonstrated in the normal extrahepatic bile ducts are only somatostatin-containing D cells, these cells are considered to originate as part of a metaplastic process. To our knowledge, this represents the second case of adenoendocrine carcinoma of the common bile duct. (+info)

Thymic carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation in a calf. (3/327)

A neuroendocrine carcinoma originating in the thymus was found in a 7-month-old, castrated male, Japanese Black calf. The neoplasm consisted largely of very primitive cells, characterized by the paucity of cytoplasmic organelles, but a few cells were immunoreactive for somatostatin or neurofilaments. The expression of both cytokeratin and neurofilament protein was a feature of neuroendocrine differentiation. This neoplasm considered to be a tumor of a thymic stem cell, with little but indubitable evidence of differentiation into somatostatin-producing cells. (+info)

Relationship of ECL cells and gastric neoplasia. (4/327)

The enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell in the oxyntic mucosa has a key role in the regulation of gastric secretion since it synthesizes and releases the histamine regulating the acid secretion from the parietal cell. Gastrin is the main regulator of the ECL cell function and growth. Long-term hypergastrinemia induces ECL cell hyperplasia, and if continued, neoplasia. ECL cell carcinoids occur in man after long-term hypergastrinemia in conditions like pernicious anemia and gastrinoma. There is also accumulating evidence that a proportion of gastric carcinomas of the diffuse type is derived from the ECL cell. Furthermore, the ECL cell may, by producing substances with angiogenic effects (histamine and basic fibroblast growth factor), be particularly prone to develop malignant tumors. Although the general opinion is that gastrin itself has a direct effect on the oxyntic mucosal stem cell, it cannot be excluded that the general trophic effect of gastrin on the oxyntic mucosa is mediated by histamine or other substances from the ECL cell, and that the ECL cell, therefore, could play a role also in the tumorigenesis/carcinogenesis of gastric carcinomas of intestinal type. (+info)

Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 in lung cancer and their role in tumor progression. (5/327)

The plasminogen activator cascade initiated by urokinase type plasminogen activator (u-PA) is involved in extracellular matrix degradation during the tumor invasion process. The plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 (PAI-1) and 2 (PAI-2) are two specific inhibitors of u-PA. We hypothesized that the balance between u-PA and its two inhibitors could be disrupted to favor plasminogen activation during lung cancer progression. Using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed the pattern of expression of u-PA, PAI-1, and PAI-2 in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) and neuroendocrine (NE) lung tumors. u-PA and PAI-1 were both detected in stromal fibroblasts and in tumor cells. In 84 NSCLCs, their epithelial expression was strongly correlated and linked to the presence of node metastasis (P = 0.008), whereas their coexpression in fibroblasts was associated with larger tumor size (P = 0.04) and advanced stages (P = 0.009). In 72 NE tumors, u-PA and PAI-1 were more frequently expressed in fibroblasts in high-grade NE tumors (SCLC and large cell NE tumors) than in low- and intermediate-grade tumors (typical and atypical carcinoids). Comparison of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in 14 cases showed that PAI-1 was consistently expressed by stromal fibroblasts, although the protein was also localized in tumor cells. In contrast, the expression of PAI-2 was restricted to fibroblasts and correlated with the absence of nodal involvement (P = 0.005). Considering NE tumors, the frequency of PAI-2 expression decreased along the NE spectrum from typical carcinoids to SCLCs. These data suggest that PAI-lacts in synergy with u-PA to favor tumor invasion process and connotes aggressivity, in contrast with PAI-2, which may block u-PA-mediated proteolysis and is inversely correlated with tumor progression. (+info)

Accelerated apoptosis and low bcl-2 expression associated with neuroendocrine differentiation predict shortened survival in operated large cell carcinoma of the lung. (6/327)

In order to test the hypothesis that increased apoptotic activity is connected with neuroendocrine differentiation and low differentiation degree in large cell carcinoma (LCLC) and is regulated by bcl-2 family proteins, we analysed the extent of apoptosis and tumor necrosis and their relation to the expression of bcl-2, bax, bak and mcl-1 in 35 LCLCs, of which 20 were classified as large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinomas (LCNEC) and 15 as large cell non-neuroendocrine lung carcinomas (LCNNEC). The extent of apoptosis was determined by detecting and counting the relative and absolute numbers of apoptotic cells and bodies using in situ 3 -end labelling of the apoptotic DNA. The extent and intensity of expression of the bcl-2, bax, bak and mcl-1 proteins were studied by immunohistochemistry. Also the relative volume density of necrosis was evaluated and correlated with the other parameters. Finally, all the parameters were evaluated as prognostic markers and correlated with data on the survival of the patients. Relatively high apoptotic indices were seen in both tumor types (average for both 2.53%, range 0.09 27.01%). Significantly higher bcl-2 and bak indices were detected more often in LCNECs than in LCNNECs. Immunohistochemically detected bax, bcl-2 and bak expression was independent of apoptotic index in both tumor types, while there was a statistically significant positive association between mcl-1 expression and apoptotic index in LCNNEC but not in LCNEC. There was a statistically significant association between high apoptotic index and shortened survival in LCLC. However, no association was found between tumor stage and apoptosis. The patients with LCNEC and low bcl-2 protein expression had a significantly shorter survival time than those with high bcl-2 indices. There was also a clear association between shortened survival and necrotic LCNNEC. LCLCs show relatively high apoptotic activity, which is associated with shortened survival. The expression of bcl-2, bak and mcl- 1 is associated with neuroendocrine differentiation in LCLC. Finally, our results support some previous reports suggesting that bcl-2 expression in combination with some other markers involved in apoptosis and/or proliferation may be of prognostic value in cases of lung carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. (+info)

Semaphorin SEMA3F localization in malignant human lung and cell lines: A suggested role in cell adhesion and cell migration. (7/327)

Semaphorins/collapsins are a family of secreted and membrane-associated proteins involved in nerve growth cone migration. However, some are expressed widely in adult tissues suggesting additional functions. SEMA3F/H.SemaIV was previously isolated from a 3p21.3 homozygous deletion region in human lung cancer. We studied SEMA3F cellular localization using our previously characterized anti-SEMA3F antibody. In normal lung, SEMA3F was found in all epithelial cells at the cytoplasmic membrane and, to a lesser extent, in the cytoplasm. In lung tumors, the localization was predominantly cytoplasmic, and the levels were comparatively reduced. In non-small-cell lung carcinomas, low levels correlated with higher stage. In all tumors, an exclusive cytoplasmic localization of SEMA3F correlated with high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and was related to the grade and aggressiveness. This suggests that vascular endothelial growth factor might compete with SEMA3F for binding to their common receptors, neuropilin-1 and -2 and might contribute to SEMA3F delocalization and deregulation in lung tumor. In parallel studies, SEMA3F distribution was examined in cell cultures by confocal microscopy. Marked staining was observed in pseudopods and in the leading edge or ruffling membranes of lamellipods or cellular protrusions in motile cells. SEMA3F was also observed at the interface of adjacent interacting cells suggesting a role in cell motility and cell adhesion. (+info)

Thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas with combined features ranging from well-differentiated (carcinoid) to small cell carcinoma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 11 cases. (8/327)

We reviewed 11 cases of primary thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas with combined features ranging from well-differentiated to poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. For 3 asymptomatic patients, tumors were discovered during routine examination. Presentation in the other patients was as follows: Cushing syndrome, 2 patients; chest pain, 3 patients; superior vena cava syndrome, 1 patient; and hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia, 1 patient. No clinical data were available for the 11th patient. All tumors were located in the anterior mediastinum and treated by surgical excision. The lesions were large and well-circumscribed with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. They were characterized by areas showing a proliferation of monotonous, round tumor cells adopting a prominent organoid pattern admixed with areas showing sheets of atypical cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, frequent mitoses, and extensive areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. Immunohistochemical studies performed in 6 cases showed strong CAM 5.2 low-molecular-weight cytokeratin positivity in all cases, chromogranin and synaptophysin positivity in 4, Leu-7 in 3, and focal positivity for p53 in 2. Follow-up information for 9 cases showed that all patients died of their tumors between 1 and 4 years after diagnosis. The present cases highlight the heterogeneity of neuroendocrine neoplasms and reinforce the notion that these tumors form part of a continuous spectrum of differentiation. (+info)

NSE is produced by small cell carcinomas which are neuroendocrine in origin. NSE is therefore a useful tumor marker for lung ... "Molecular characterization of prostatic small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma". Prostate. 55 (1): 55-64. doi:10.1002/pros.10217. ... 1985). "Immunohistochemical localization of gamma-enolase in normal human tissues other than nervous and neuroendocrine tissues ... Detection of NSE with antibodies can be used to identify neuronal cells and cells with neuroendocrine differentiation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enolase_2

ISBN 0-7216-0187-1. Mulvany NJ, Allen DG (January 2008). "Combined large cell neuroendocrine and endometrioid carcinoma of the ... Endometrioid carcinoma can also arise in the endometrium. Grades 1 and 2 are considered "type 1" endometrial cancer, while ... Carcinoma, Endometrioid at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) "ACS :: What Is Endometrial ... Endometrioid tumors are a class of tumor characterized by a resemblance to endometrium/ endometrial carcinoma, and over a third ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrioid_tumor

The goblet cell carcinoid, abbreviated GCC and also known as crypt cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumour with goblet cell ... is a rare biphasic gastrointestinal tract tumour that consists of a neuroendocrine component and a conventional carcinoma, ... Neuroendocrine tumours van Eeden S, Offerhaus GJ, Hart AA, et al. (December 2007). "Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix: a ... They have a characteristic biphasic appearance which includes (1) goblet cell-like cells, and (2) neuroendocrine-type nuclear ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goblet_cell_carcinoid

The microscopic differential diagnosis includes poorly differentiated carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumour and paraganglioma. GPs ... neuroendocrine-like), and (3) spindle cells (schwannoma-like). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangliocytic_paraganglioma

... gene expression has been identified as a marker for neuroendocrine carcinoma cells. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... "Novel markers for enterochromaffin cells and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas". Modern Pathology. 22 (2): 261-72. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPR112

"N-Myc drives small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma initiated from human prostate epithelial cells". Cancer Cell. 29 (4): 1-23. ... leads to the development of aggressive neuroendocrine prostate cancer tumors. Witte earned his B.S. degree in microbiology from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Witte

... plays a palliative role in patients with metastatic colon carcinoma. There is a ... Other treated malignancies include neuroendocrine tumors, ocular melanoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and sarcoma. ... conceptualized carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a multistep process involving parenchymal arterialization, ... for the treatment of single hepatocellular carcinoma". World J Gastroenterol. 13 (21): 2952-5. doi:10.3748/wjg.v13.i21.2952. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcatheter_arterial_chemoembolization

Other rare types include urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma and sarcoma. Diagnostic ... "Urachal Carcinoma Shares Genomic Alterations with Colorectal Carcinoma and May Respond to Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibition". ... Herr, Harry W.; Bochner, Bernard H.; Sharp, David; Dalbagni, Guido; Reuter, Victor E. (2007-07-01). "Urachal carcinoma: ... "Urachal carcinoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 24 cases with outcome correlation". The American Journal of Surgical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urachal_cancer

Certain benign cell types may have pleomorphism, e.g. neuroendocrine cells, Arias-Stella reaction. Anaplasia Cytopathology ... Giant cell carcinoma of the lung Nuclear atypia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleomorphism_(cytology)

Hypertension (HTN) was found to be a biomarker of efficacy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with ... "A Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of SU11248 in Patients with Unresectable Neuroendocrine Tumors". Presented at ASCO ... "Overall survival with sunitinib versus interferon alfa (IFN-α) as first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC ... 2007). "Sunitinib versus interferon alfa in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma". N Engl J Med. 356 (2): 115-124. doi:10.1056/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunitinib

... "moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma". It is a more aggressive than typical carcinoid tumors: nodal metastases in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_pulmonary_carcinoid_tumour

These are mostly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), or metastatic ... neuroendocrine tumours (mNET). Therapy goals are local disease control, downstaging to resection, bridging to transplantation, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIR-Spheres

"Selective expression of trophoblastic hormones by lung carcinoma: neuroendocrine tumors exclusively produce human chorionic ... cervical carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx, lung carcinoma, and ... progressive vulvar carcinoma, carcinoma of the bladder, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, ... Zhang, W; H Yang; S Han (1998). "The effect of ectopic HCG on microvessel density in gastric carcinoma". Chin J Oncol. 20: 351- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocontraception

... a Putative Mammalian Homeotic Gene Differentially Expressed in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Line". ... Helman, L. J. (1987). "Molecular Markers of Neuroendocrine Development and Evidence of Environmental Regulation". Proceedings ... A Novel Circulating Human Epidermal-Growth-Factor-Like Protein Expressed in Neuroendocrine Tumors and its Relation to the Gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DLK1

Small-cell lung carcinoma may be derived from these cell lines or neuroendocrine cells, and may express CD44. Metastasis of ... such as adenosquamous carcinoma. Rare subtypes include carcinoid tumors, bronchial gland carcinomas and sarcomatoid carcinomas ... In small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), the cells contain dense neurosecretory granules (vesicles containing neuroendocrine ... Lung cancers are carcinomas-malignancies that arise from epithelial cells. Lung carcinomas are categorized by the size and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer

In squamous cell carcinoma, gene amplifications frequently target the 3q26.3 region. The gene for Sox2 lies within this region ... Overexpression causes an increase in neuroendocrine, gastric/intestinal and basal cells. Under normal conditions, Sox2 is ... Sox2 is a key upregulated factor in lung squamous cell carcinoma, directing many genes involved in tumor progression. Sox2 ... However, its overexpression gives rise to extensive epithelial hyperplasia and eventually carcinoma in both developing and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOX2

When parafollicular cells become cancerous, they lead to medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Yoko Kameda Y and associates(from ... Parafollicular cells (also called C cells) are neuroendocrine cells in the thyroid which primary function is to secrete ... Parafollicular cells are also known to secrete in smaller quantities several neuroendocrine peptides such as serotonin, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parafollicular_cell

... is typically seen in endocrine tumours such as medullary thyroid carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumours ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt-and-pepper_chromatin

... a marker for small cell lung carcinomas with neuroendocrine features". Clinical Cancer Research. 8 (4): 1082-6. PMID 11948117. ... "Identification of a human achaete-scute homolog highly expressed in neuroendocrine tumors". Proceedings of the National Academy ... "An achaete-scute homologue essential for neuroendocrine differentiation in the lung". Nature. 386 (6627): 852-5. doi:10.1038/ ... "Tissue-specific expression of human achaete-scute homologue-1 in neuroendocrine tumors: transcriptional regulation by dual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCL1

... or squamous cell carcinomas (5%). Rarely, CUP may appear as neuroendocrine tumors, or mixed tumors, such as sarcomatoid, ... A PET CT scan should be done for squamous cell carcinoma involving lymph nodes of the neck region. For other types of cancer of ... "Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Treatment-for health professionals". National Cancer Institute. December 30, 2014. Retrieved 6 ... Krishnatreya M, Sharma JD, Kataki AC, Kalita M (2014). "Survival in carcinoma of unknown primary to neck nodes treated with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_of_unknown_primary_origin

Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC) is the most closely associated with almost 100% of cases occurring in smokers.[56] This form ... SCLC may originate from neuroendocrine cells located in the bronchus called Feyrter cells.[57] ... Lipworth L, Tarone RE, McLaughlin JK (December 2006). "The epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma". The Journal of Urology. 176 ( ... "Smoking and carcinoma of the lung. Preliminary report", by Richard Doll and Austin Hill,[235][13] and the 1950 Wynder and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco

high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma, ICD-O 8246/3) *z dużych komórek (ang. large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, ICD-O 8013/3) ... mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma, mixed adenocarcinoma-carcinoid, ICD-O 8244/3). *rak z komórek okładzinowych (ang. ... squamous cell carcinoma, ICD-O 8070/3). *rak z limfoidnym podścieliskiem (rdzeniasty) (ang. carcinoma with lymphoid stroma ( ... signet ring cell carcinoma and other variants; poorly cohesive carcinoma, ICD-O 8490/3) ...

https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak_żołądka_człowieka

... polyomavirus expression in merkel cell carcinomas and its absence in combined tumors and pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas". ... Feng H, Shuda M, Chang Y, Moore PS (February 2008). "Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma". ... Feng H, Shuda M, Chang Y, Moore PS (February 2008). "Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma". ... Gross L (June 1953). "A filterable agent, recovered from Ak leukemic extracts, causing salivary gland carcinomas in C3H mice". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyomaviridae

The purpose of this clinical case demonstrates the aggressive nature of the neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma with rapid ... a case report of Neuroendocrine Small Cell Carcinoma of the Endometrium presenting as Paraneoplastic Cushing's Syndrome". Facts ... In the case of paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome arising from a small cel carcinoma of the endometrium, paraneoplastic syndrome ... "Regression of small-cell lung carcinoma in patients with paraneoplastic neuronal antibodies", Lancet, 341 (8836): 21-22, doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraneoplastic_syndrome

... neuroendocrine carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. With immunohistochemistry, the chief cells located in the ... A paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm that may develop at various body sites (including the head, neck, thorax and ... By light microscopy, the differential diagnosis includes related neuroendocrine tumors, such as carcinoid tumor, ... "Neuroendocrine neoplasia. Current concepts". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 113 (3): 331-5. doi:10.1309/ETJ3-QBUK-13QD-J8FP. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraganglioma

"Neuroendocrine-like differentiation of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells: regulation by cAMP and the interaction of mac25/ ... neuroendocrine differentiation factor, results in neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells". J Clin Endocrinol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VPS24

Antibodies to CK8 (e.g. CAM 5.2) can be used to differentiate lobular carcinoma of the breast from ductal carcinoma of the ... It also reacts with neuroendocrine tumors. Keratin 8 is often used together with keratin 18 and keratin 19 to differentiate ... such as spindle cell carcinoma. It is considered useful in identifying microscopic metastases of breast carcinoma in lymph ... October 2004). "Tumor Cells Circulate in the Peripheral Blood of All Major Carcinomas but not in Healthy Subjects or Patients ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratin_8

Polyomavirus Expression in Merkel Cell Carcinomas and Its Absence in Combined Tumors and Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinomas". ... cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease, basal cell skin carcinoma, extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma, and EGFR ... Merkel cell carcinoma is a highly aggressive type of skin cancer that was first described by Cyril Toker in 1972 as "trabecular ... Merkel cell carcinoma is mainly seen in older individuals. It is known to occur at increased frequency in people with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkel_cell_polyomavirus

... endometrial carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors of the foregut. Ribociclib is used in form of its tartrate salt. It is a ... "LEE011 in Neuroendocrine Tumors of Foregut Origin" at ClinicalTrials.gov "Kisqali: EPAR - Public assessment report" (PDF). ... in Patients With Advanced or Recurrent Endometrial Carcinoma" at ClinicalTrials.gov Clinical trial number NCT02420691 for " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribociclib

... there is a possibility that a squamous cell carcinoma or a neuroendocrine carcinoma such as a Merkel cell carcinoma may form. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema_ab_igne

... adenosquamous carcinoma small cell carcinoma neuroendocrine tumour glassy cell carcinoma villoglandular adenocarcinoma ... Histologic subtypes of invasive cervical carcinoma include the following: Though squamous cell carcinoma is the cervical cancer ... Dürst M, Gissmann L, Ikenberg H, zur Hausen H (1983). "A papillomavirus DNA from a cervical carcinoma and its prevalence in ... Jones WB, Mercer GO, Lewis JL, Rubin SC, Hoskins WJ (1993). "Early invasive carcinoma of the cervix". Gynecol. Oncol. 51 (1): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer

... mucosal malignant melanoma and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) that occur in the intranasal tract. Compared to other tumors in ... Successful treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma with combined chemotherapy and proton radiation. ... sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing/PNET, ... Grades for Esthesioneuroblastoma Esthesioneuroblastoma can resemble small blue cell tumors like squamous cell carcinoma, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esthesioneuroblastoma

... to as Rectal carcinoid Pulmonary Typical bronchial carcinoid Atypical bronchial carcinoid Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma ... One exception is the Uppsala Centre of Excellence in Neuroendocrine Tumors at Uppsala University Hospital in Sweden, where ... tumors Non-functioning endocrine pancreatic tumors Insulinoma Gastrinoma Glucagonoma VIPoma Adrenals Adrenocortical carcinoma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_oncology

2001). "Neuroendocrine cells along the digestive tract express neuropilin-2". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 284 (2): 395-403. ... 2 co-expression is significantly correlated with increased vascularity and poor prognosis in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropilin_2

... (PCC) is a neuroendocrine tumor of the medulla of the adrenal glands (originating in the chromaffin cells), or ... Both syndromes are characterized by pheochromocytoma as well as thyroid cancer (thyroid medullary carcinoma). MEN IIA also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheochromocytoma

High-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC of the lung ... Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors are neuroendocrine tumors localized to the lung: bronchus or pulmonary parenchyma. Pulmonary ... Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor are classified according to tumoral grade: Low grade pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor: Typical ... When neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and tumorlets are extensive, they represent the rare preinvasive lesion for carcinoids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_neuroendocrine_tumor

... (ALDOA) is a highly expressed in multiple cancers, including lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), renal cancer, and ... Inagaki H, Haimoto H, Hosoda S, Kato K (1988). "Aldolase C is localized in neuroendocrine cells". Experientia. 44 (9): 749-51. ... "Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase a is a potential metastasis-associated marker of lung squamous cell carcinoma and promotes lung ... "Histological examination of the aldolase monomer composition of cells from human kidney and hypernephroid carcinoma". Beiträge ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldolase_A

... www.wrongdiagnosis.com/n/neuroendocrine_carcinoma_of_the_cervix/intro.htm Neuroendocrine system "MRI of Small Cell Carcinoma of ... Small-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix is an exceptional member of the neuroendocrine group of cervical carcinomas that is ... Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix is best defined separately: Neuroendocrine: Of, relating to, or involving the ... Neuroendocrine carcinoma affects many different parts of the body. In the cervix, it is a rare, but very aggressive form of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_carcinoma_of_the_cervix

... basal cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma with follicular differentiation". Int. J. Dermatol. 48 (7): 713-7. doi:10.1111/j ... immunohistochemical localization of neuroendocrine markers and CD10". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 24 (10): 1361-71. doi:10.1097/ ... basal cell carcinoma with follicular differentiation (CD10 stromal and epithelial staining) and squamous cell carcinoma (strong ... Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (Clear cell RCC) CD10+ distinguishes renal cell carcinoma, conventional type with eosinophilic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neprilysin

The best-studied examples in this context are carcinomas of the prostate, brain and the breast and nephroblastoma and ... neuroendocrine tumours. For these types of tumors, the prognostic value for survival and tumor recurrence have repeatedly been ... chromosomal copy number and protein overexpression in breast carcinoma tissues for diagnostic use". Histopathology. 37 (5): 411 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki-67_(protein)

2005). "Cervix carcinoma". In Gerbaulet A, Pötter R, Mazeron J, Limbergen EV. The GEC ESTRO handbook of brachytherapy. Belgium ... and of hormone-bound lutetium-177 and yttrium-90 to treat neuroendocrine tumors (peptide receptor radionuclide therapy). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy

... s are rare neuroendocrine tumors with an incidence estimated at one to four new cases per million persons per year. ... Streptozotocin is used in islet cell carcinomas which produce excessive insulin. Combination chemotherapy is used, either ... It is a rare form of a neuroendocrine tumor. Most insulinomas are benign in that they grow exclusively at their origin within ... Causes of hypoglycemia Burns, WR; Edil, BH (March 2012). "Neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors: guidelines for management and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulinoma

... ceruminous adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), and ceruminous mucoepidermoid carcinoma. This tumor only affects the outer 1/3 to 1/ ... or a neuroendocrine adenoma of the middle ear (middle ear adenoma). Wide, radical, complete surgical excision is the treatment ... NOS Ceruminous adenoid cystic carcinoma Ceruminous mucoepidermoid carcinoma All of the tumors are infiltrative into the soft ... Dong, F.; Gidley, P. W.; Ho, T.; Luna, M. A.; Ginsberg, L. E.; Sturgis, E. M. (2008). "Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the External ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceruminous_adenocarcinoma

"Cytokine expression profile in human pancreatic carcinoma cells and in surgical specimens: implications for survival". Cancer ... relevance to pathophysiology of neuroendocrine-immune communication". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 19 (2): 121-34. doi:10.1016/ ... epithelial-mesenchymal transition through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in human cervical carcinoma". ... of interleukin-17-producing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and predicts favorable survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_6

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung (LCNEC) is a highly malignant neoplasm arising from transformed epithelial ... "combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma" (c-LCNEC). Travis, William D; Brambilla, Elisabeth; Muller-Hermelink, H Konrad; ... It is currently considered to be a subtype of large cell lung carcinoma. LCNEC is often generically grouped among the non-small ... cell lung carcinomas. The World Health Organization classification of lung tumors recognizes a variant of LCNEC, namely " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_cell_neuroendocrine_carcinoma_of_the_lung

Notably, the expression of mPRγ was significantly higher in endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas, which are closely related ... The mPRs mediate important physiological functions in male and female reproductive tracts, liver, neuroendocrine tissues, and ... and carcinomas: while mPRα is expressed at significantly higher levels than the others, an increased expression of mPRβ has ... neurosteroid signaling and neuroendocrine functions in neuronal cells". Neuroendocrinology. 96 (2): 162-71. doi:10.1159/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_progesterone_receptor

Other tumors which need to be excluded include a neuroendocrine adenoma of the middle ear (middle ear adenoma), paraganglioma, ... Crain N, Nelson BL, Barnes EL, Thompson LD (Mar 2009). "Ceruminous gland carcinomas: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceruminous_adenoma

Neuroendocrine tumors are also a well known cause of secondary hypertension. Pheochromocytoma (most often located in the ... and renal cell carcinoma, all of which may produce renin. Chronic kidney disease Kidney disease / renal artery stenosis - the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_hypertension

... neuroendocrine MeSH C04.557.465.625.650.240.315 --- carcinoma, medullary MeSH C04.557.465.625.650.240.325 --- carcinoma, merkel ... neuroendocrine MeSH C04.557.470.200.025.370.315 --- carcinoma, medullary MeSH C04.557.470.200.025.370.325 --- carcinoma, merkel ... neuroendocrine MeSH C04.557.580.625.650.240.315 --- carcinoma, medullary MeSH C04.557.580.625.650.240.325 --- carcinoma, merkel ... carcinoma, ehrlich tumor MeSH C04.557.470.200.220 --- carcinoma, giant cell MeSH C04.557.470.200.240 --- carcinoma in situ MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C04)

... including colon and small-cell lung carcinomas found with truncated versions of REST. In addition to these cancers, defects in ... a potential role in derepression of neuroendocrine genes and a useful clinical marker". Cancer Research. 60 (7): 1840-4. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RE1-silencing_transcription_factor

Its potential use as a prognostic biomarker in various tumors, like gastric carcinoma. or melanoma has been suggested. Elevated ... "The transforming growth factor alpha gene family is involved in the neuroendocrine control of mammalian puberty". Molecular ... dysplasia and gastric carcinoma--an immunohistochemical study". Histopathology. 20 (4): 339-43. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1992. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGF_alpha

In recent study of patients with Renal cell carcinoma, resistance to Temsirolimus was associated with low levels of p-AKT and p ... Studies suggest that mTOR inhibitors may have anticancer activity in many cancer types, such as RCC, neuroendocrine tumors, ... From March 30, 2009 to May 5, 2011 the U.S. FDA approved everolimus for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma after ... In 2009 and 2011, it was also approved throughout the European Union for advanced breast cancer, pancreatic neuroendocrine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTOR_inhibitors

As opposed to the focal type of neuroendocrine differentiation seen in prostatic adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma of the ... These types of prostate cancer comprise true neuroendocrine cancers, such as small cell carcinoma, carcinoid and carcinoid-like ... di Sant'Agnese PA (July 1992). "Neuroendocrine differentiation in carcinoma of the prostate. Diagnostic, prognostic, and ... Neuroendocrine tumor cells are also negative for the proliferation marker Ki-67; however, adjacent non-neuroendocrine tumor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_differentiation

... endocrine syndrome Neuroectodermal tumors primitive Neuroendocrine cancer Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix Neuroendocrine ... familial multiple Nevo syndrome Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome Nevus of ota retinitis pigmentosa Nevus sebaceus of ... short stature cone shaped epiphyses Nasodigitoacoustic syndrome Nasopalpebral lipoma coloboma syndrome Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ... diabetes mellitus with deafness Nonketotic hyperglycinemia Non-lissencephalic cortical dysplasia Nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(N)

This review aims to clarify the nature and classification of laryngeal neuroendocrine neoplasms, while providing a practical ... Moderately Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Larynx. *Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Larynx ... Moderately Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Larynx. *Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Larynx ... Classification of Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Larynx: Historical Evolution. *Well-differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/921196_6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_carcinoma_of_the_cervix

Neuroendocrine breast carcinomas are rare but may represent either metastatic or primary lesions. So far, clinical and ... Neuroendocrine breast carcinomas are rare but may represent either metastatic or primary lesions. So far, clinical and ... Sapino A, Righi L, Cassoni P et al (2001) Expression of apocrine differentiation markers in neuroendocrine breast carcinomas of ... Lopez-Bonet E, Alonso-Ruano M, Barraza G et al (2008) Solid neuroendocrine breast carcinomas: incidence, clinico-pathological ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10549-010-1178-3

... small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. The neural category is mainly referred to as ... and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Laryngeal large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma was classified together with atypical ... and 7 as small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. One of the small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma cases was demonstrated to couple ... followed by the small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, typical carcinoid, and the large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma [5]. The ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2015/832194/

... Yingying Zhu,1 Liming Gao,1 Yunxiao Meng,2 Wenwen Diao, ... Yingying Zhu, Liming Gao, Yunxiao Meng, et al., "Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: A Retrospective Study of 14 Cases," ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2015/832194/cta/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_cell_neuroendocrine_carcinoma_of_the_lung

Whereas large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a subgroup of large-cell carcinoma, that has characteristics similar to ... Chemotherapy Effective For Patients With Resected SCLC Or Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. by editor ... concluded that patients with limited large cell neuroendocrine tumors or with limited stage small-cell lung cancer who were ...

http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1112634399/chemotherapy-effective-for-patients-with-resected-sclc-or-large-cell-neuroendocrine-carcinoma/

Neuroendocrine carcinomas form in the hormone-producing cells of the bodys neuroendocrine system, which is composed of cells ... Diagnosed in 2006 with neuroendocrine carcinoma, Sittig travels to MD Anderson from Ville Platte, La., every 28 days for ...

https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/cancerwise/2011/10/neuroendocrine-carcinoma-patient-inspires-fellow-patients-staff.html

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the jugular foramen.(ORIGINAL ARTICLE, Clinical report) by Ear, Nose and Throat Journal; Health, ... general Cancer Care and treatment Chemotherapy Diagnosis Methods Research Cancer metastasis Cancer treatment Carcinoma Medical ... research Medicine, Experimental Metastasis Neuroendocrine tumors Risk factors Radiotherapy ... carcinoma+of+the+jugular+foramen.-a0176368943. *APA style: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the jugular foramen.. (n.d.) >The Free ...

https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Neuroendocrine+carcinoma+of+the+jugular+foramen-a0176368943

... diagnostic features and prognosis of primary renal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). Methods: The clinicopathologic data of eight ... Clinicopathologic features of primary renal neuroendocrine carcinoma] November 21, 2018 Objective: To investigate the ... The Ki-67 proliferation index was≤3% in the carcinoids; ≥50% in the small cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma; and 5% and 8 ... Three patients (two with small cell carcinoma and one with large cell carcinoma) died of extensive metastases at 3 months, 4 ...

https://www.urotoday.com/recent-abstracts/urologic-oncology/renal-cancer/108535-clinicopathologic-features-of-primary-renal-neuroendocrine-carcinoma.html

Inguinal lymph nodes as the primary tumor site for neuroendocrine carcinoma represent a very unusual location, and have only ... Ninety-seven percent of neuroendocrine carcinomas are located in the gastrointestinal tract or in the bronchopulmonary tree. ... Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of inguinal lymph node Horm Res. 2005;64(1):16-9. doi: 10.1159/000087191. Epub 2005 Jul 25. ... Inguinal lymph nodes as the primary tumor site for neuroendocrine carcinoma represent a very unusual location, and have only ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16088203/?dopt=Abstract

... but Memorial Sloan Kettering experts have experience treating both large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell carcinoma ... The following tests may be performed to confirm a diagnosis of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma or small cell carcinoma. ... Small Cell Carcinoma. This is another aggressive type of neuroendocrine tumor that accounts for between 0.1 percent to 1 ... Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. This fast-growing type of cancer represents less than 1 percent of all gastrointestinal ...

https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/gastrointestinal-neuroendocrine/large-cell-small-cell-gastrointestinal-neuroendocrine-carcinoma

I had a tumor removed from my liver and it was diagnosed as NEC. They arent sure if its the primary but I had tumor markers done recently and all my levels were normal. Have any of you had markers done and levels were normal but more tumors were found? Im asking because less than 1% of NEC tumors originate in the liver and that is where mine was, so Im worried there might be something somewhere else that isnt excreting any horomones. ...

https://csn.cancer.org/node/155727

Circulating neuroendocrine markers were measured in patients with prostate carcinoma (PC), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia ... BACKGROUND: Circulating neuroendocrine markers were measured in patients with prostate carcinoma (PC), prostatic ... Carcinoma / blood*, mortality. Chromogranin A. Chromogranins / blood*. Cohort Studies. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. ... Previous Document: Clinical characteristics of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: a distinct histologic type with poor .... ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Circulating-neuroendocrine-markers-in-patients/10861438.html

Is human papillomavirus involved in laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma?. Halmos, G. B., van der Laan, T. P., van Hemel, B. M., ... Is human papillomavirus involved in laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma? / Halmos, Gyorgy B; van der Laan, Tom P; van Hemel, ... High-risk HPV was detected in two cases; an atypical carcinoid was positive for HPV16 and a large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma ... High-risk HPV was detected in two cases; an atypical carcinoid was positive for HPV16 and a large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma ...

https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/publications/is-human-papillomavirus-involved-in-laryngeal-neuroendocrine-carcinoma

Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Ovary and Its Skin Metastases: A Case Report and Review of the Literature Issue: Vol ... Read more about Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Ovary and Its Skin Metastases: A Case Report and Review of the ...

https://www.mona.uwi.edu/fms/wimj/category/keywords/neuroendocrine-carcinoma

... large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and carcinoid tumors. Based on the differentiation grade, neuroendocrine tumors are ... Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma primarily in the pericardium. a case report and literature review. Yin, Yue1; Zhang, Yun1; ... Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium: a case report and literature review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 57: ... Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma primarily in the pericardium: A case report and literature review. Chin Med J 2019;133:106- ...

https://journals.lww.com/cmj/Fulltext/2020/01050/Large_cell_neuroendocrine_carcinoma_primarily_in.19.aspx

Whereas large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a subgroup of large-cell carcinoma, that has characteristics similar to ... Chemotherapy effective for patients with resected SCLC or large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. 18.06.2012 ... Association »IASLC »SCLC »Small-cell lung cancer »cell lung cancer »chemotherapy »lung cancer »neuroendocrine tumors » ... concluded that patients with limited large cell neuroendocrine tumors or with limited stage small-cell lung cancer who were ...

https://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/medicine-health/chemotherapy-effective-patients-resected-sclc-large-197454.html

... we aimed to evaluate the data of patients diagnosed with primary breast neuroendocrine carcinoma. METHODS: Patients with more ... than 50% neuroendocrine differentiation identified in the histopathological examination between January 2010 and January 2015 ... More News: Brain , Breast Cancer , Breast Carcinoma , Cancer , Cancer & Oncology , Carcinoma , Chemotherapy , Ductal Carcinoma ... Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast: a 5-year experiences.. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the data of patients ...

https://medworm.com/775555777/primary-neuroendocrine-carcinoma-of-the-breast-a-5-year-experiences/

... including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), are rare epithelial tumors with a predominant ... Neuroendocrine neoplasms, including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), are rare epithelial ... Neuroendocrine carcinoma Small intestine Double balloon endosopy This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check ... A case of small intestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma diagnosed using double-balloon endoscopy with long-term survival. ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12328-018-0834-8

Neuroendocrine Tumors. Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine. Neuroectodermal Tumors. Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal. Neoplasms by ... Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Recurrent High Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (Pembro NEC). The safety and scientific ... Histologically confirmed, metastatic or unresectable neuroendocrine carcinoma of non-pulmonary origin, high grade as indicated ... Exceptions include basal cell carcinoma of the skin or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that has undergone potentially ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03190213?term=survival&cond=Neuroendocrine+Tumors&rank=40

This phase II trial is studying how well CCI-779 works in treating patients with progressive metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. ... A Phase II Study of CCI-779 in Metastatic Neuroendocrine Carcinomas. Trial Phase:. Phase 2. Minimum Age:. 18 Years. Maximum Age ... A Phase II Study of CCI-779 in Metastatic Neuroendocrine Carcinomas. OBJECTIVES:. I. To assess the objective tumor response ... time, 1-year survival rate and toxicity in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine. carcinomas given CCI-779. As of 19 July ...

http://www.knowcancer.com/cancer-trials/NCT00093782/

A study exploring the genetic underpinnings of the newly classified high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma has found that it is a ... neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). These classifications are based on mitosis and ... A study exploring the genetic underpinnings of the newly classified high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma has found that it is a ... A study exploring the genetic underpinnings of the newly classified high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma has found that it is a ...

https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/braf-mutations-may-be-driver-colonic-neuroendocrine-carcinoma

Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) arising from the esophagus (EsoNEC) is extreme rare, accounting for approximately 1% of ... cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet ... Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine. A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and ... "Clinical outcomes of locally advanced esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy.". Neuroendocrine ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/pmarticle/2551426/Clinical-outcomes-of-locally-advanced-esophageal-neuroendocrine-carcinoma-treated-with-chemoradiotherapy.html

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is a rare form of cancer which affects the hormone-producing cells of the prostate. ... If cancer arises in the neuroendocrine cells of the prostate, it is known as neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate. This is ... Neuroendocrine cells of the prostate and neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic carcinoma: a review of morphologic aspects ... What is Prostate Cancer (Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Prostate)?. The prostate is a gland found only in men. It surrounds ...

https://healthengine.com.au/info/prostate-cancer-neuroendocrine-carcinoma-of-the-prostate

Specialist in Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. by LelaLu on Sat Sep 09, 2017 07:28 PM ... My brother has very aggressive, widely metastasized neuroendocrine carcinoma. From what I understand, its treated very ... Specialist in Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Specialist in Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. View all Other Cancers Discussions Post A New ...

https://www.cancercompass.com/message-board/message/all,130284,0.htm

Pembrolizumab-based Therapy in Previously Treated High Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinomas. The safety and scientific validity of ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT03136055

GlobalData has estimated that the global neuroendocrine carcinoma ther...,Neuroendocrine,Carcinoma,Therapeutics,-,Pipeline, ... www.reportlinker.com/p0606218/Neuroendocrine-Carcinoma-Therapeu...Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Therapeutics - Pipeline Assessment ... the US 303.5 Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Therapeutics Market Size (2006-2011) -the UK 313.6 Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Therapeutics ... Global 273.3 Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Therapeutics Market Size (2006-2011) - the US 293.4 Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Therapeutics ...

http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-technology-1/Neuroendocrine-Carcinoma-Therapeutics---Pipeline-Assessment-and-Market-Forecast-to-2019-22241-1/

Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Paranasal Sinuses: Radiologic Features in 14 Cases. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone ... Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Paranasal Sinuses: Radiologic Features in 14 Cases. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020 Jul 6; ... Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Paranasal Sinuses: Radiologic Features in 14 Cases. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2020. ... "Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Paranasal Sinuses: Radiologic Features in 14 Cases." Journal of Computer Assisted ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32649429/Small_Cell_Neuroendocrine_Carcinoma_of_Paranasal_Sinuses:_Radiologic_Features_in_14_Cases

Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine. Carcinoma. Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial. Neoplasms by Histologic ... SC-002 in Small Cell Lung Cancer and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. The safety and scientific validity of this study is ... Part 1A is a dose escalation study in patients with small cell lung cancer or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with ... Carcinoma, Bronchogenic. Bronchial Neoplasms. Neuroendocrine Tumors. Neuroectodermal Tumors. Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02500914

Solid neuroendocrine carcinomas of the breast: metastases or primary tumors? (springer.com)
We addressed this study in order to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of GCDFP-15 and mammaglobin in a subset of pure neuroendocrine breast carcinomas ( n = 9) and compared the expression profile with a cohort of non-mammary neuroendocrine tumors ( n = 99). (springer.com)
In contrast, neuroendocrine tumors of the non-mammary cohort expressed neither GCDFP-15 nor mammaglobin. (springer.com)
We conclude that mammaglobin and GCDFP-15 as markers of epithelial breast origin may work as a new and reliable diagnostic tool to distinguish primary endocrine tumors of the breast from a metastatic neuroendocrine disease. (springer.com)
Sica G, Wagner P, Altorki N, Port J et al (2008) Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in primary pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. (springer.com)
Laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas (LNECs) are rare but are the most common nonsquamous tumors of this organ, which can be divided into 2 broad categories based on their tissue of origin: epithelial and neural. (hindawi.com)
Research presented in the July 2012 issue of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer's (IASLC) Journal of Thoracic Oncology, concluded that patients with limited large cell neuroendocrine tumors or with limited stage small-cell lung cancer who were treated with perioperative chemotherapy and surgery had better overall survival outcomes than patients treated with surgery alone. (redorbit.com)
The small cell renal cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma are highly malignant renal tumors with poor prognosis and short survival. (urotoday.com)
A few neuroendocrine tumors found in the gastrointestinal tract are made of fast-growing, poorly differentiated cancer cells, and respond to different treatments than those used for carcinoid tumors. (mskcc.org)
This is another aggressive type of neuroendocrine tumor that accounts for between 0.1 percent to 1 percent of all gastrointestinal tumors. (mskcc.org)
This type of imaging test is helpful in diagnosing more aggressive types of neuroendocrine tumors. (mskcc.org)
The World Health Organization classification of lung tumors recognizes a variant of LCNEC, namely "combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma" (c-LCNEC). (wikipedia.org)
There is no standard treatment protocol for primary breast neuroendocrine tumors. (medworm.com)
Neuroendocrine neoplasms, including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), are rare epithelial tumors with a predominant neuroendocrine differentiation. (springer.com)
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. (springer.com)
Current trends of the incidence and pathological diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) in Korea 2000-2009: multicenter study. (springer.com)
Epidemiological trends of pancreatic and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors in Japan: a nationwide survey analysis. (springer.com)
This is an open label, non-randomized phase 2 study to assess overall response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) in patients with high grade neuroendocrine tumors treated with pembrolizumab 200mg Q 3 Weeks. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The promising drugs to be launched include: Avastin (bevacizumab) and Lutathera ([177Lutetium]-DOTA0-Tyr3-Octreotate) for Gastrointestinal (GI) carcinoid and pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs), pasireotide (SOM 230), and Somatuline (lanreotide acetate) Autogel/Depot for GI carcinoids NETs. (bio-medicine.org)
In a comprehensive genomic analysis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of gynecologic and breast tumors, investigators identified mutations in various pathways. (onclive.com)
Mayor said that there were a significant number of p53 and Rb mutations, which are very common in neuroendocrine tumors from sites other than the gynecologic tract. (onclive.com)
Some tumors as verrucous carcinomas, basal cell carcinomas, low-grade salivary gland cancers, rarely metastasize and extensive screening seems an unnecessary use of resources. (omicsonline.org)
Neuroendocrine tumors commonly present as an over expression of the somatostatin-receptor-subtype 2 (SSR2) [ 1 , 8 , 9 ]. (omicsonline.org)
To assess the prognostic significance of well differentiated versus poorly differentiated non-small cell gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in relationship to survival and response to treatment. (centerwatch.com)
Neuroendocrine breast carcinoma (NBC) is an extremely rare type of cancer, constituting less than 0.1% of all breast tumors, without specific treatment options. (aacrjournals.org)
Therapeutic biomarkers (IHC) that may guide chemotherapies (and used in other primary sites neuroendocrine tumors) included: high TOP2A (85%) for etoposide or doxorubicin, low TS (57%) for 5-fluorouracil and low ERCC1 (45%) for cisplatin. (aacrjournals.org)
With recent success of somatostatin analogs for other neuroendocrine tumors, the overexpression of SSTR gene family in NBC is worthy of further investigation. (aacrjournals.org)
Neuroendocrine carcinoma market is expected to witness lucrative growth over the forecast period due to increase in incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) around the globe. (grandviewresearch.com)
Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: a decade of experience at the Princess Margaret Hospital. (springermedizin.de)
Oberg K. Diagnostic work-up of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. (springermedizin.de)
One hundred years after "carcinoid": epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States. (springermedizin.de)
The authors assessed the efficacy of gemcitabine-oxaliplatin combination (GEMOX) in the treatment of patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. (nih.gov)
Gemcitabine-oxaliplatin combination shows interesting activity and is well tolerated in pretreated patients with neuroendocrine tumors. (nih.gov)
This report presents 3 more such tumors, expanding the spectrum of amphicrine carcinomas in this organ. (ovid.com)
Small intestine neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) comprise well-differentiated NET (benign carcinoid), well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (malignant carcinoid) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). (enets.org)
The finding that Ma2 is expressed in small intestine neuroendocrine primary tumors and their metastases made it interesting to screen whether antibodies against Ma2 are present in the serum of NET patients. (enets.org)
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system, originated from the diffuse endocrine system, represent a heterogeneous group of tumors. (enets.org)
Treatment of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) usually includes chemotherapeutic intervention. (enets.org)
Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (PDEC) represent less than 10% of all neuroendocrine tumors but have a poor prognosis. (enets.org)
Recent advances in specific treatment for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) prompted us to reinvestigate the old phenomenon of neuroendocrine differentiation in carcinomas of the GI tract which has previously been shown to carry no prognostic significance. (enets.org)
we don't see neuroendocrine tumors very often in the larynx. (justanswer.com)
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors constitute about 2% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. (diva-portal.org)
Approximately half of the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are nonfunctional. (diva-portal.org)
Due to lack of specific symptoms, most patients with nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. (diva-portal.org)
After surgery for operable colon carcinoma, the patient received chemotherapy and biological therapy for both tumors. (diva-portal.org)
Therefore, positron emission tomography is a valuable promising option for the evaluation of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and concomitant or metachronous malignancies. (diva-portal.org)
According to a critical review of the literature performed by these authors, only four [ 2 - 5 ] of twelve previously reported cases showed convincing evidence od neuroendocrine differentiation and might therefore be regarded as pure carcinoid tumors of the urinary bladder. (biomedcentral.com)
This issue of JNCCN-The Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network contains the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) and other neuroendocrine lung tumors. (jnccn.org)
In 2015, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) was removed from the large cell carcinoma group and classified with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) constituting two members of the high-grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung. (jcancer.org)
Wang J, Ye L, Cai H, Jin M. Comparative study of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma in high-grade neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: a large population-based study. (jcancer.org)
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the gastrointestinal tract occur at an approximate incidence of 6.2 per 100,000 worldwide, and are the second most prevalent gastrointestinal tract tumor behind colorectal cancer (CRC). (jnccn.org)
2 Metastatic, high-grade, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are typically aggressive tumors characterized by a Ki-67 level of >20% and a mitotic index of >20 mitoses per 10 high-powered field, and are generally treated with chemotherapy regimens used for small cell lung cancer. (jnccn.org)
They comprise a broad family of tumors, Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (NEC) is a poorly differentiated and high-grade type (grade 3). (alliedacademies.org)
Everolimus is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) which can use in metastatic neuroendocrine tumors [ 6 - 8 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
Enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors spread first locally and to regional lymph nodes and from there generally to the liver. (rrnursingschool.biz)
In addition to demonstrating the extent of enteropancreatic tumors, SRS can identify previously unsuspected disease in the chest or abdomen.63 Although SRS is useful in identifying otherwise occult neuroendocrine tumors in patients with MEN type I, and this can alter management substantially, it also has significant false-positive and false-negative rates, thus necessitating correlation with conventional imaging studies. (rrnursingschool.biz)
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is defined as a variant form of large cell carcinoma, and is classified in the wide spectrum of primary neuroendocrine tumors together with small cell carcinoma (SCC) and atypical carcinoid tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
Malignant neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors are the most frequent cause of death in these patients. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the extent and intervals of screening in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 are controversial as neuroendocrine tumors are usually slow growing. (biomedcentral.com)
Fast-growing neuroendocrine tumors are rare in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. (biomedcentral.com)
Specialized testing may indicate whether these tumors began in lymph cells, skin cells, neuroendocrine cells (which secrete hormones into the blood), or other specialized cells. (mskcc.org)
For more information about neuroendocrine tumors, visit Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors and Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors . (mskcc.org)
Background: Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the stomach are poorly differentiated, high-grade endocrine tumors, including small cell and large cell carcinomas. (elsevier.com)
Neuroendocrine tumors of the rectum account for approximately 19% of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. (plexusmd.com)
As the effects of neuroendocrine colon cancer become visible only in the most advanced stages the rate of survival of the patient drops drastically the tumors are always malignant, and mostly detected with distant metastases. (biospraymakassar.com)
A practical approach to pathologic diagnosis of laryngeal neuroendocrine tumors and discussion of clinical management is provided. (umn.edu)
Sutent is indicated for the treatment of progressive, well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease. (drugs.com)
The recommended dose of Sutent for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) is 37.5 mg taken orally once daily continuously without a scheduled off-treatment period. (drugs.com)
Any of a diverse group of malignancies, such as carcinoid, islet cell tumors, neuroblastoma, and small-cell carcinomas of the lung. (thefreedictionary.com)
In particular, the LCNEC was subclassified in the thymic NECs in accordance with the classification of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Neuroendocrine tumors are tumors that develop from the cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system, such as the enterochromaffin (EC) cells. (encyclopedia.com)
Neuroendocrine tumors therefore represent a large class of cancers that can occur wherever neuroendocrine cells are found throughout the body. (encyclopedia.com)
They are sometimes called carcinoid tumors, but it would be more accurate to consider these tumors as a sub-category of the larger family of neuroendocrine tumors. (encyclopedia.com)
Neuroendocrine tumors are most often found in the digestive system and the lung. (encyclopedia.com)
Neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors are rather rare cancers with an incidence of 1-2 cases per 100, 000 people. (encyclopedia.com)
Neuroendocrine tumors are also known as apudomas, or tumors that contain apud cells. (encyclopedia.com)
Neuroendocrine tumors therefore have symptoms that vary with location. (encyclopedia.com)
The majority of neuroendocrine tumors can give rise to metastases with time if they are left untreated. (encyclopedia.com)
Because they can occur wherever neuroendocrine cells are found, neuroendocrine tumors come in a wide variety of types and have been classified according to their site of origin, usually either as digestive system , pancreatic or lung neuroendocrine tumors. (encyclopedia.com)
Foregut tumors arise in the stomach or duodenum (first part of small intestine) and represent approximately 15% to 25% of neuroendocrine tumors. (encyclopedia.com)
Midgut neuroendocrine tumors. (encyclopedia.com)
Hindgut neuroendocrine tumors. (encyclopedia.com)
Most neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors produce multiple hormones but usually there is excessive production of only one hormone. (encyclopedia.com)
This is why neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors are often classified according to the predominant hormone secreted or resulting symptoms observed. (encyclopedia.com)
These types of neuroendocrine lung tumors grow slowly and do not often spread beyond the lungs. (encyclopedia.com)
Additionally, neuroendocrine tumors are sub-classified into "functionally active" and "functionally inactive" tumors. (encyclopedia.com)
Functionally active neuroendocrine tumors display specific symptoms, such as the excessive release of specific neurohormones from the tumor cell, as described above for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. (encyclopedia.com)
Grade 1 neuroendocrine carcinomas are also known as carcinoid tumors. (encyclopedia.com)
Grade 2 include tumors such as atypical carcinoid tumors, medullary thyroid carcinomas, and some pancreatic endocrine tumors. (encyclopedia.com)
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are neoplasms that are composed of cells which have features of both the endocrine (hormonal) as well as the nervous system [1]. (necervix.com)
Neuroendocrine tumors account for only 1-2% of all cervical cancers [5]. (necervix.com)

Ni K, Bibbo M (1994) Fine needle aspiration of mammary carcinoma with features of a carcinoid tumor. (springer.com)
Carcinoma: An invasive malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body. (wikipedia.org)
To our knowledge, neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) has not been reported as a primary tumor of the jugular foramen. (thefreelibrary.com)
Inguinal lymph nodes as the primary tumor site for neuroendocrine carcinoma represent a very unusual location, and have only been described in 2 patient series in the literature. (nih.gov)
The removed lymph node showed histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of neuroendocrine differentiation (positive for synaptophysin, cytokeratin 20, neuron-specific enolase and chromogranin A). Although extensive investigations including repeated CT and NMR scans, classical endoscopy, wireless capsule endoscopy of the small intestine, octreotide- and MIBG scintigraphy were performed, no other primary tumor was found. (nih.gov)
Patients with secondary neuroendocrine tumor of the breast and male patients were excluded from the study. (medworm.com)
A case of neuroendocrine malignant tumor with capsule retention diagnosed by double-balloon enteroscopy. (springer.com)
Neuroendocrine tumor of small bowel. (springer.com)
I. To assess the objective tumor response rate (i.e. partial or complete responses as defined by the RECIST criteria) in patients with progressive metastatic neuroendocrine tumours given CCI-779. (knowcancer.com)
A study exploring the genetic underpinnings of the newly classified high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma has found that it is a rare but aggressive tumor with a high frequency of BRAF mutations. (cancernetwork.com)
According to the study, in 2010 the World Health Organization reclassified gastrointestinal (GI) neuroendocrine neoplasms into two categories: neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). (cancernetwork.com)
Tumor Remission and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes during chemoradiotherapy: predictive and prognostic markers in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (bioportfolio.com)
Nonsmall cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (NSCNEC) of the ovary is a rare and aggressive tumor commonly associated with other surface epithelial and germ cell neoplasms. (unboundmedicine.com)
Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung, which has been histologically categorized as high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. (aacrjournals.org)
Neuroendocrine tumor epidemiology: contrasting Norway and North America. (springermedizin.de)
Neuroendocrine tumor of the gallbladder. (springermedizin.de)
Beyond the usual regimens based on streptozocin and doxorubicin or 5-fluorouracil, no second-line therapy of metastatic neuroendocrine tumor has gained wide acceptance. (nih.gov)
Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a true high-grade neuroendocrine tumor needing prospective therapeutic data. (nih.gov)
Amphicrine carcinoma is a distinct type of carcinoma characterized by synchronous exocrine and endocrine differentiation within the same tumor cell. (ovid.com)
Microscopically, the lesions had an organoid pattern, consisting of nests of large tumor cells with peripheral palisading, vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli reminiscent of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. (ovid.com)
We have previously identified six novel marker genes for neuroendocrine tumor cells by using Affymetrix microarrays and advanced bioinformatics. (enets.org)
Local tumor invasion represents the first step of the metastatic cascade of carcinomas, and requires changes in cell adhesion and migration properties of tumor cells. (enets.org)
Assessment of tumor burden changes is essential for the management of well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (GEPNET). (enets.org)
The patient had axillary and hepatic metastases at the time of diagnosis, and the clinical course suggests that this tumor behaves in an aggressive fashion, analogous to other small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. (semanticscholar.org)
Presence of a metachronous colon adenocarcinoma in a patient with nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor has not been reported before. (diva-portal.org)
In 2002, after the diagnosis of an unresectable, nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, interferon alpha-2b and octreotide were started. (diva-portal.org)
Immunohistochemical study using neuroendocrine markers allowed a straightforward diagnosis of a low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid tumor) of the urinary bladder. (biomedcentral.com)
NE-differentiated small-cell carcinoma is a very rare tumor comprising 0.5-2% of all prostatic carcinomas. (semanticscholar.org)
Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET) is arising from cells throughout the diffuse endocrine system. (alliedacademies.org)
Neuroendocrine tumor is thought to arise from cells throughout the diffuse system. (alliedacademies.org)
The most common of which are carcinoid and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. (alliedacademies.org)
An analysis of the SEER databases estimated that the incidence of neuroendocrine tumor in the United States was 5.25 cases per 100,000 people in the year 2004 [ 1 ]. (

Anatomy22

Organisms1

Diseases101

Chemicals and Drugs58

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment43

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science5

Health Care12

Comparison of survival between malignant neuroendocrine tumours of midgut and pancreatic origin. (1/327)

Brain metastases from adenoendocrine carcinoma of the common bile duct: a case report. (2/327)

Thymic carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation in a calf. (3/327)

Relationship of ECL cells and gastric neoplasia. (4/327)

Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 in lung cancer and their role in tumor progression. (5/327)

Accelerated apoptosis and low bcl-2 expression associated with neuroendocrine differentiation predict shortened survival in operated large cell carcinoma of the lung. (6/327)

Semaphorin SEMA3F localization in malignant human lung and cell lines: A suggested role in cell adhesion and cell migration. (7/327)

Thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas with combined features ranging from well-differentiated (carcinoid) to small cell carcinoma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 11 cases. (8/327)

Neuroendocrine Tumors

Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine

Carcinoma

Neurosecretory Systems

Neuroendocrine Cells

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Chromogranin A

Carcinoma in Situ

Chromogranins

Carcinoid Tumor

Carcinoma, Papillary

Liver Neoplasms

Immunohistochemistry

Carcinoma, Small Cell

Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast

Carcinoma, Basal Cell

Tumor Markers, Biological

Pancreatic Neoplasms

Neuroendocrine Secretory Protein 7B2

Carcinoma, Large Cell

Lung Neoplasms

Carcinoma, Medullary

Carcinoma, Merkel Cell

Adenocarcinoma

Gastrointestinal Neoplasms

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell

Synaptophysin

Prognosis

Cell Line, Tumor

Octreotide

Thyroid Neoplasms

Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic

Neoplasm Staging

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Neoplasm Invasiveness

Carcinoma, Lobular

Breast Neoplasms

Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms

Receptors, Somatostatin

Bronchial Neoplasms

Digestive System Neoplasms

Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid

Lymphatic Metastasis

Carcinoma, Adenosquamous

Neoplasm Metastasis

RNA, Messenger

Stomach Neoplasms

Head and Neck Neoplasms

Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System

Neoplasms, Multiple Primary

Carcinoma, Endometrioid

Somatostatin

Retrospective Studies

Hypothalamus

Neoplasm Proteins

Antineoplastic Agents

Carcinoma, Embryonal

Esophageal Neoplasms

Intestinal Neoplasms

Treatment Outcome

Mouth Neoplasms

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Skin Neoplasms

Carcinoma, Ductal

Ovarian Neoplasms

Chromogranin B

Colonic Neoplasms

Mice, Nude

Laryngeal Neoplasms

Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Phosphopyruvate Hydratase

Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

Carcinoma, Verrucous

DNA, Neoplasm

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction