Carcinogens
Nitrosamines
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Mutagens
Benzopyrenes
DNA Adducts
Carcinogenicity Tests
Tests to experimentally measure the tumor-producing/cancer cell-producing potency of an agent by administering the agent (e.g., benzanthracenes) and observing the quantity of tumors or the cell transformation developed over a given period of time. The carcinogenicity value is usually measured as milligrams of agent administered per tumor developed. Though this test differs from the DNA-repair and bacterial microsome MUTAGENICITY TESTS, researchers often attempt to correlate the finding of carcinogenicity values and mutagenicity values.
Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
Mutagenicity Tests
Aminobiphenyl Compounds
4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Benz(a)Anthracenes
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Neoplasms, Experimental
Dimethylnitrosamine
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Aflatoxin B1
A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.
Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Glutathione Transferase
Anticarcinogenic Agents
Precancerous Conditions
Dihydroxydihydrobenzopyrenes
Aflatoxins
Furano-furano-benzopyrans that are produced by ASPERGILLUS from STERIGMATOCYSTIN. They are structurally related to COUMARINS and easily oxidized to an epoxide form to become ALKYLATING AGENTS. Members of the group include AFLATOXIN B1; aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2; AFLATOXIN M1; and aflatoxin M2.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Liver
Urethane
Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic
A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
Azoxymethane
Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from ACETYL-COA to arylamines. It can also catalyze acetyl transfer between arylamines without COENZYME A and has a wide specificity for aromatic amines, including SEROTONIN. However, arylamine N-acetyltransferase should not be confused with the enzyme ARYLALKYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE which is also referred to as SEROTONIN ACETYLTRANSFERASE.
Benzidines
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1
A liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase capable of biotransforming xenobiotics such as polycyclic hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons into carcinogenic or mutagenic compounds. They have been found in mammals and fish. This enzyme, encoded by CYP1A1 gene, can be measured by using ethoxyresorufin as a substrate for the ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity.
DNA Damage
Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.
Metabolic Detoxication, Drug
Neoplasms
Safrole
Ethylene Dibromide
An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.
Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental
Methylazoxymethanol Acetate
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Papilloma
Acrylonitrile
Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases
A large group of cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) monooxygenases that complex with NAD(P)H-FLAVIN OXIDOREDUCTASE in numerous mixed-function oxidations of aromatic compounds. They catalyze hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of substrates and are important in the metabolism of steroids, drugs, and toxins such as PHENOBARBITAL, carcinogens, and insecticides.
Occupational Exposure
Environmental Exposure
Mesocricetus
Amines
Alkylating Agents
Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases.
Vinyl Chloride
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Chromium
Glucuronates
Propiolactone
Tobacco
Genes, ras
Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein.
Cooking
DNA Repair
The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.
Benzene
Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1
An ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 enzyme that metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Substrates include ETHANOL; INHALATION ANESTHETICS; BENZENE; ACETAMINOPHEN and other low molecular weight compounds. CYP2E1 has been used as an enzyme marker in the study of alcohol abuse.
Butylated Hydroxyanisole
Alkylation
p-Aminoazobenzene
Phenobarbital
Ethylene Oxide
A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794)
Cricetinae
Epoxy Compounds
Cotinine
Arsenic
A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Imidazoles
Microsomes, Liver
Acrylamide
Phenolphthalein
Colon
Genes, p53
Biological Assay
A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.
Rats, Inbred Strains
Nitrilotriacetic Acid
NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)
FANFT
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
Micronucleus Tests
Enzyme Induction
Aristolochic Acids
Nitro-phenanthrenes occurring in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE and other plants. They derive from stephanine (APORPHINES) by oxidative ring cleavage. The nitro group is a reactive alkylator (ALKYLATING AGENTS) that binds to biological macromolecules. Ingestion by humans is associated with nephropathy (NEPHRITIS). There is no relationship to the similar named aristolochene (SESQUITERPENES).
Nicotine
Polymorphism, Genetic
The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.
Food Contamination
Mutation
Anisoles
Antimutagenic Agents
Environmental Pollutants
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Hyperplasia
Aflatoxin M1
A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).
Case-Control Studies
Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.
Methylenebis(chloroaniline)
Cell Division
Lung
Glucuronosyltransferase
Ultraviolet Rays
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.
Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced
Mice, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.
Isoenzymes
Asbestos
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Epoxide Hydrolases
Chlorophyllides
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
Environmental Monitoring
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Risk Factors
gamma-Glutamyltransferase
Air Pollutants, Occupational
Animal Testing Alternatives
Ochratoxins
Urinary Bladder
Cells, Cultured
Disease Susceptibility
Microsomes
Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Inhalation Exposure
Risk Assessment
Sister Chromatid Exchange
An exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chromatids of a meiotic tetrad or between the sister chromatids of a duplicated somatic chromosome. Its frequency is increased by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation and other mutagenic agents and is particularly high in BLOOM SYNDROME.
Maternal-Fetal Exchange
Toxicology
Genotype
Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective
Comet Assay
A genotoxicological technique for measuring DNA damage in an individual cell using single-cell gel electrophoresis. Cell DNA fragments assume a "comet with tail" formation on electrophoresis and are detected with an image analysis system. Alkaline assay conditions facilitate sensitive detection of single-strand damage.
Tars
Base Sequence
Heterocyclic Compounds
Maximum Allowable Concentration
The maximum exposure to a biologically active physical or chemical agent that is allowed during an 8-hour period (a workday) in a population of workers, or during a 24-hour period in the general population, which does not appear to cause appreciable harm, whether immediate or delayed for any period, in the target population. (From Lewis Dictionary of Toxicology, 1st ed)
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Carbolines
Salmonella typhimurium
Ethionine
An investigation into the binding of the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one to DNA in vitro. (1/6863)
After metabolic activation the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-[3H]methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one binds to DNA in vitro, and this binding is prevented by 7,8-benzoflavone. Radioactivity cannot be removed from the DNA with organic solvents or by chromatography on Sephadex G-50, even after heat denaturation of the DNA. Enzymatic hydrolysis yields radioactive fractions, which elute from a column of Sephadex LH-20 immediately after the natural nucleosides. At least two species of reactive metabolites are involved in this bending, those with a half-life of a few hr and others with greater stability. After extraction from the aqueous incubation mixture, they could be detected in discrete polar fractions from separations of the complex metabolite mixture by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Their ability to bind to DNA decreased with time at ambient temperature, and they were rapidly deactivated by acid. 7,8-Benzolflavone acted by suppressing the formation of polar metabolites derived from enzymatic oxidation of the aromatic double bonds. The inhibitor had no effect on the enzymes hydroxylating saturated carbon; hence it is unlikely that metabolism of the methyl group is important in conversion of this carcinogen to its proximate form, although the presence of the 11-methyl group is essential for carcinogenic activity in this series. (+info)Effect of hepatocarcinogens on the binding of glucocorticoid-receptor complex in rat liver nuclei. (2/6863)
The effects of a number of carcinogens and hepatotoxins on the binding kinetics of the interactions of glucocorticoidcytosol receptor complex with nuclear acceptor sites in rat liver were investigated. Both the apparent sites in rat liver were investigated. Both the apparent concentration of nuclear binding sites and the Kd were significantly diminished following treatment of rats with sublethal doses of the carcinogens aflatoxin B1, diethylnitrosamine, dimethylnitrosamine, thioacetamide, 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, and 3-methylcholanthrene. Treatment with actinomycin D resulted in a slight reduction in the apparent concentration of nuclear acceptor sites but had no effect on the nuclear binding Kd. The hepatotoxic but noncarcinogenic analgesic, acetaminophen, as well as the weakly toxic aflatoxin B1 cognate, aflatoxin B2, were without effect on the kinetics or binding capacity of glucocorticoid-nuclear acceptor site interaction. These experiments suggest that chemically induced alteration of functional glucocorticoid binding sites on chromatin may be involved in the biochemical effects produced in liver by carcinogens of several chemical types. This experimental model may provide a useful approach for further elucidation of early events in carcinogenesis. (+info)Assaying potential carcinogens with Drosophila. (3/6863)
Drosophila offers many advantages for the detection of mutagenic activity of carcinogenic agents. It provides the quickest assay system for detecting mutations in animals today. Its generation time is short, and Drosophila is cheap and easy to breed in large numbers. The simple genetic testing methods give unequivocal answers about the whole spectrum of relevant genetic damage. A comparison of the detection capacity of assays sampling different kinds of genetic damage revealed that various substances are highly effective in inducing mutations but do not produce chromosome breakage effects at all, or only at much higher concentrations than those required for mutation induction. Of the different assay systems available, the classical sex-linked recessive lethal test deserves priority, in view of its superior capacity to detect mutagens. Of practical importance is also its high sensitivity, because a large number of loci in one fifth of the genome is tested for newly induced forward mutations, including small deletions. The recent findings that Drosophila is capable of carrying out the same metabolic activation reactions as the mammalian liver makes the organism eminently suitable for verifying results obtained in prescreening with fast microbial assay systems. An additional advantage in this respect is the capacity of Drosophila for detecting short-lived activation products, because intracellular metabolic activation appears to occur within the spermatids and spermatocytes. (+info)Carcinogenicity of triethanolamine in mice and its mutagenicity after reaction with sodium nitrite in bacteria. (4/6863)
Mice fed a diet containing 0.3 or 0.03% triethanolamine developed malignant tumors. Females showed a high incidence of tumors in lymphoid tissues, while this type was absent in males. Tumors in other tissues were produced at a considerable rate in both sexes, but no hepatoma was found. Triethanolamine was not mutagenic to Bacillus subtilis by itself, but it became mutagenic after reacting with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions or when the mixture was heated. Although N-nitrosodiethanolamine, a known carcinogen and mutagen, was detected in the reaction mixture by thin-layer chromatography, it may not be the main mutagenic product, because the product was a stable and direct mutagen and its mutagenic activity was destroyed by liver enzymes, unlike N-nitrosodiethanolamine. The lethal and mutagenic DNA damages produced by this unidentified product were susceptible to some extent to the repair functions of the bacteria. (+info)The five amino acid-deleted isoform of hepatocyte growth factor promotes carcinogenesis in transgenic mice. (5/6863)
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a polypeptide with mitogenic, motogenic, and morphogenic effects on different cell types including hepatocytes. HGF is expressed as two biologically active isotypes resulting from alternative RNA splicing. The roles of each HGF isoform in development, liver regeneration and tumorigenesis have not yet been well characterized. We report the generation and analysis of transgenic mice overexpressing the five amino acid-deleted variant of HGF (dHGF) in the liver by virtue of an albumin expression vector. These ALB-dHGF transgenic mice develop normally, have an enhanced rate of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, and exhibit a threefold higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond 17 months of age. Moreover, overexpression of dHGF dramatically accelerates diethyl-nitrosamine induced HCC tumorigenesis. These tumors arise faster, are significantly larger, more numerous and more invasive than those appearing in non-transgenic littermates. Approximately 90% of female dHGF-transgenic mice had multiple macroscopic HCCs 40 weeks after injection of DEN; whereas the non-transgenic counterparts had only microscopic nodules. Liver tumors and cultured tumor cell lines from dHGF transgenics showed high levels of HGF and c-Met mRNA and protein. Together, these results reveal that in vivo dHGF plays an active role in liver regeneration and HCC tumorigenesis. (+info)Expression of dominant negative Erk2 inhibits AP-1 transactivation and neoplastic transformation. (6/6863)
The mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases or extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erks) are activated in response to Ras expression or exposure to tumor promoters or to growth factors, and have been implicated in AP-1 transactivation in some models. We have shown that tumor promoter induced activation of the transcription factor AP-1 is required for induced neoplastic transformation in the Balb/C JB6 cell model. Jun and Fos family protein levels have been found not to be limiting for AP-1 response. The present study asks whether activation of Erks1 and 2 is required for AP-1 transactivation and transformation of JB6 cells and whether Erks might be targeted for cancer prevention. Expression of either of two different dominant negative kinase inactive Erk2 mutants in transformation sensitive (P+) JB6 cells substantially inhibited the tumor promoter induced activation of Erks1 and 2 and of AP-1 measured by a collagenase-luciferase reporter. Multiple mutant Erk2 expressing clonal lines were also rendered non-responsive to induced neoplastic transformation. These observations, together with our recent finding attributing AP-1 non-responsiveness to Erk deficiency in a clonal line of transformation resistant (P-) cells, argue for a requirement for Erks1 and/or 2 activation in AP-1 transactivation in the mouse JB6 neoplastic progression model, and suggest the utility of Erks as a prevention target. (+info)Carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation regulates the function and subcellular localization of protein kinase C betaII. (7/6863)
Protein kinase C is processed by three phosphorylation events before it is competent to respond to second messengers. Specifically, the enzyme is first phosphorylated at the activation loop by another kinase, followed by two ordered autophosphorylations at the carboxyl terminus (Keranen, L. M., Dutil, E. M., and Newton, A. C. (1995) Curr. Biol. 5, 1394-1403). This study examines the role of negative charge at the first conserved carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation position, Thr-641, in regulating the function and subcellular localization of protein kinase C betaII. Mutation of this residue to Ala results in compensating phosphorylations at adjacent sites, so that a triple Ala mutant was required to address the function of phosphate at Thr-641. Biochemical and immunolocalization analyses of phosphorylation site mutants reveal that negative charge at this position is required for the following: 1) to process catalytically competent protein kinase C; 2) to allow autophosphorylation of Ser-660; 3) for cytosolic localization of protein kinase C; and 4) to permit phorbol ester-dependent membrane translocation. Thus, phosphorylation of Thr-641 in protein kinase C betaII is essential for both the catalytic function and correct subcellular localization of protein kinase C. The conservation of this residue in every protein kinase C isozyme, as well as other members of the kinase superfamily such as protein kinase A, suggests that carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation serves as a key molecular switch for defining kinase function. (+info)Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARS) and carcinogenesis. (8/6863)
Peroxisome proliferators (PPs) are an important group of chemicals that include certain hypolipidemic drugs, plasticizers and pollutants. Many of these agents are known rodent liver tumor promoters and debate exists as to whether humans are at increased cancer risk following exposure to PPs. Research over the last decade has focused on determining the biochemical and molecular mechanisms by which peroxisome proliferators exert their effects, in the hope that this controversy will be settled. PPs regulate gene expression via a steroid hormone receptor, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). At least three subtypes of PPAR (alpha, beta and gamma) have been cloned from several species, including humans. These receptors have been implicated in tumor promotion, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. In the present article, the current understanding of how PPARs are involved in tumorigenesis, and what this may mean to human risk assessment, will be discussed. (+info)
Disposable paper cups or hidden potential carcinogens
Biennial Report on Carcinogens - How is Biennial Report on Carcinogens abbreviated?
論文詳細:Final Report on Carcinogens Background Document fo...[Report on carcinogens background document for [substance
name]] -...
Dysfunction of the circadian transcriptional factor CLOCK in mice resists chemical carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis -...
87 lots recalled over potential carcinogen | News Flow from USA
Project: Review of the Formaldehyde Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens (COMPLETED)
Project: Review of the Styrene Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens (COMPLETED)
Acute effects of in vitro exposure to chemical carcinogens on preimpla by P M. Iannaccone and T Y. Tsao
KEGG PATHWAY: Chemical carcinogenesis - Equus caballus (horse)
KEGG PATHWAY: Chemical carcinogenesis - Pantholops hodgsonii (chiru)
Introduction on carcinogens - Roadmap on Carcinogens
Congressional Hearings on NTPs Report on Carcinogens - SafeChemicalPolicy.org
Are There Thresholds for Non-genotoxic and Genotoxic Carcinogens?
Carcinogen - Wikipedia
Microsoft word - r1882843
Consistent and Fast Inhibition of Colon Carcinogenesis by Polyethylene Glycol in Mice and Rats Given Various Carcinogens |...
Sandoz Inc. Issues Voluntary Recall of Zantac Over Potential Carcinogen Contamination - Legal Reader
FDA Finds Traces Of Potential Carcinogen In Popular Heartburn Medications | Speedy World News
Tobacco Carcinogen-Induced Production of GM-CSF Activates CREB to Promote Pancreatic Cancer | Cancer Research
Carcinogen | angiEmedia
General Information about Carcinogens
New technology tracks carcinogens as they move through the body
Cytochrome P450-mediated pulmonary metabolism of carcinogens: regulation and cross-talk in lung carcinogenesis. - Semantic...
Codes Display Text
DNA Analysis Catches Carcinogens in a Simple Saliva Sample
Featured Archives - Most Effective Medical Clinic anywhere
Carcinogen Activation and Screening in Variant Cells - Oliver Hankinson
JAMA Network Open Editors Summary - Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplements on Development of Advanced Cancer; Carcinogen Exposure...
How and why do carcinogens cause cancer? | HowStuffWorks
Medical follow-up of workers exposed to lung carcinogens: French evidence-based and pragmatic recommendations. | CEpiA -...
13 Carcinogens
WHO agency: Popular weed killer a probable carcinogen on NewsHub.org
What Carcinogens Are You Avoiding? - Cancer - LONGECITY
Transgenic cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression sensitizes mouse skin for carcinogenesis | PNAS
A Review of Human Carcinogens. D. Radiation - WHO - OMS
Effect of Carcinogens on Tumours | Cancer Council Victoria
bioupdates.co.uk
Another possible carcinogen found in popular sunscreen brands
Nagini, S]
5 Foods With Carcinogens To Avoid Right Now Because Who Needs Em
Carcinogen | Article about carcinogen by The Free Dictionary
Epigenetic carcinogen | Article about epigenetic carcinogen by The Free Dictionary
Carcinogen Classification Systems: Similarities and Differences
Eight substances added by HHS to Report on Carcinogens :: Agrow
The 8 Known Carcinogens That Lurk in Most Of Our Homes | Goop
Comparative effects of dimethylbenz(a)anthacene and a 15% olive-oil diet on cellular components and expression of apoptosis...
Thoughts on JWH-18 carcinogenicity
Thoughts on JWH-18 carcinogenicity
Concerned about working with carcinogens
Home Testing and Human carcinogen -- Iodine-131 - RightDiagnosis.com
Soy sauce
Carcinogens[edit]. Soy sauce may contain ethyl carbamate, a Group 2A carcinogen.[58] ... The same carcinogens were found in soy sauces manufactured in Vietnam, causing a food scare in 2007.[63][64] ... contained a chemical carcinogen named 3-MCPD (3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol) at levels considerably higher than those deemed ...
Health effects of tobacco
There are over 19 known carcinogens in cigarette smoke.[165] The following are some of the most potent carcinogens: *Polycyclic ... Radioactive carcinogens[edit]. In addition to chemical, nonradioactive carcinogens, tobacco and tobacco smoke contain small ... Chemical carcinogens[edit]. See also: List of cigarette smoke carcinogens. @media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output . ... List of cigarette smoke carcinogens. References[edit]. *^ a b "Prevalence of current tobacco use among adults aged=15 years ( ...
Carcinogenesis
Non-mutagenic carcinogens[edit]. Many mutagens are also carcinogens, but some carcinogens are not mutagens. Examples of ... In addition, environmental factors such as carcinogens and radiation cause mutations that may contribute to the development of ... carcinogens that are not mutagens include alcohol and estrogen. These are thought to promote cancers through their stimulating ...
Borax
Possible carcinogen. The Indonesian Directorate of Consumer Protection warns of the risk of liver cancer with high consumption ...
International Agency for Research on Cancer
Controversies have erupted multiple times when the IARC has classified many things as Class 2a (probable carcinogens) or 2b ( ... Missing or empty ,title= (help) Ferber D (July 2003). "Carcinogens. Lashed by critics, WHO's cancer agency begins a new regime ... possible carcinogen), including cell phone signals, glyphosate, drinking hot beverages, and working as a barber. In 2019 IARC ... after IARC received numerous requests for lists of known and suspected human carcinogens, its Advisory Committee recommended ...
Carcinogen
Common carcinogensEdit. Occupational carcinogensEdit. Occupational carcinogens are agents that pose a risk of cancer in several ... Major carcinogens implicated in the four most common cancers worldwideEdit. In this section, the carcinogens implicated as the ... Co-carcinogens are chemicals that do not necessarily cause cancer on their own, but promote the activity of other carcinogens ... Group A5: Not suspected as a human carcinogen. European UnionEdit. The European Union classification of carcinogens is ...
Dust collection system
Carcinogens". OSHA. United States Department of Labor. Retrieved 22 January 2021. Center for Disease Control's National ...
Methyl violet
Compounds related to methyl violet[which?] are potential carcinogens.[citation needed] Methyl violet 10B inhibits the growth of ...
Riddelliine
... is suspected to be a carcinogen. It is listed as an IARC Group 2B carcinogen and listed by the National Toxicology ... 12th Report on Carcinogens Archived 2011-06-25 at the Wayback Machine, National Toxicology Program Chan, Po (December 1993). " ... "Riddelliine" (PDF). Report on Carcinogens. Retrieved 2018-12-04. "Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications". ... Program in its Report on Carcinogens which lists chemicals "known or reasonably anticipated to cause cancer in humans". ...
Enema
"Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition". Report on Carcinogens. National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human ... Considered to be a carcinogen its use is limited, e.g., restricted in the UK to patients who already have a diagnosis of ...
Toxaphene
... so the EPA has classified it as a Group B2 carcinogen, meaning it is a probable human carcinogen. The International Agency for ... It is thought to be a potential carcinogen in humans, though this has not yet been proven. Toxaphene is a synthetic organic ... "Toxaphene" (PDF). Report on Carcinogens. National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services. 13. October 2, ... Research on Cancer has classified it as a Group 2B carcinogen. Toxaphene can be detected in blood, urine, breast milk, and body ...
Food safety incidents in China
Other carcinogens remain; see 3-MCPD. In 1996, China banned food manufacturers from using Sudan I red dye to color their ... A video about the top 10 most common toxic substances in Chinese food and snacks looked into the use of the carcinogen, sodium ...
Thomas P. Stossel
Phagocytes as carcinogens. Science. 1985; 227:1231-1233. 86. Weitzman SA, Weitberg AB, Niederman R, Stossel TP. Chronic ...
User:Djd/sandbox/MedNav/Pathology templates
Carcinogen}}. Medicine. Carcinogen-Cancer causing materials and agents. Oncology templates. See also. Default color.. ...
Polystyrene
National Toxicology Program (10 June 2011). "12th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. Archived from the ...
Cancer
These substances are called carcinogens. Tobacco smoke, for example, causes 90% of lung cancer. It also causes cancer in the ... Maltoni CF, Holland JF (2000). "Chapter 16: Physical Carcinogens". In Bast RC, Kufe DW, Pollock RE, et al. (eds.). Holland-Frei ... Tobacco smoke contains over fifty known carcinogens, including nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Tobacco is ... Such environments can include the presence of disruptive substances called carcinogens, repeated physical injury, heat, ...
Formaldehyde
Report on Carcinogens (RoC) changed the listing status of formaldehyde from "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" ... In 1987 the U.S. EPA classified it as a probable human carcinogen, and after more studies the WHO International Agency for ... Further information and evaluation of all known data led the IARC to reclassify formaldehyde as a known human carcinogen ... Addendum to the 12th Report on Carcinogens (PDF) National Toxicology Program, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ...
Causes of cancer
Alcohol is an example of a chemical carcinogen. The World Health Organization has classified alcohol as a Group 1 carcinogen. ... known as carcinogens, have been linked to specific types of cancer. Common examples of non-radioactive carcinogens are inhaled ... This may be partially explained by the presence of carcinogens in food cooked at high temperatures. Several risk factors for ... Maltoni CF, Holland JF (2000). "Chapter 16: Physical Carcinogens". In Bast RC, Kufe DW, Pollock RE, et al. (eds.). Holland-Frei ...
Formaldehyde releaser
In 2011, the US National Toxicology Program described formaldehyde as "known to be a human carcinogen". The danger of ... The American Cancer Society states that although quaternium-15 releases formaldehyde, a known carcinogen in laboratory test ... 39-325, ISBN 978-92-832-1288-1 "Formaldehyde (gas)", Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition Archived 2019-08-06 at the Wayback ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) National Toxicology Program (2011-06-10). "12th Report on Carcinogens". National ...
Styrene
... is regarded as a "known carcinogen", especially in case of eye contact, but also in case of skin contact, of ingestion ... "Styrene entry in National Toxicology Program's Thirteenth Report on Carcinogens" (PDF). nih.gov. Archived from the original ( ... National Toxicology Program (10 June 2011). "12th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. Archived from the ... "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen". However, a STATS author describes a review that was done on scientific ...
Health effects of radon
BEIR VI did not consider that other carcinogens such as dust might be the cause of some or all of the lung cancers, thus ... As with the miner data, the same confounding factor of other carcinogens such as dust applies. Radon concentration is high in ... "Known and Probable Carcinogens". American Cancer Society. Retrieved June 26, 2008. "UI professor contributes to WHO's first ... ISBN 978-0-7503-0224-1. Darby, S; Hill, D; Doll, R (2005). "Radon: a likely carcinogen at all exposures". Annals of Oncology. ...
Cosmetics
In 2011, the US National Toxicology Program described formaldehyde as "known to be a human carcinogen". The danger of ... 39-325, ISBN 978-92-832-1288-1 "Formaldehyde (gas)", Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition (PDF), U.S. Department of Health ... National Toxicology Program (2011-06-10). "12th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. Archived from the original ... National Toxicology Program (2011-06-10). "Report On Carcinogens - Twelfth Edition - 2011" (PDF). National Toxicology Program. ...
Tamoxifen
"Known and Probable Carcinogens". American Cancer Society. 2006-02-03. Archived from the original on 2008-03-17. Retrieved 2008- ... The American Cancer Society lists tamoxifen as a known carcinogen, stating that it increases the risk of some types of uterine ...
Passive smoking
Several well-established carcinogens have been shown by the tobacco companies' own research to be present at higher ... 219 KB). From the 11th Report on Carcinogens of the U.S. National Institutes of Health U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services ... "Environmental Tobacco Smoke" (PDF). 11th Report on Carcinogens. U.S. National Institutes of Health. Archived (PDF) from the ... Schick, S. F.; Glantz, S. (1 August 2007). "Concentrations of the Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone in ...
1,4-Dioxane
It is also classified by the IARC as a Group 2B carcinogen: possibly carcinogenic to humans because it is a known carcinogen in ... Tenth Report on Carcinogens Archived 1 November 2004 at the Wayback Machine. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ... "12th Report on Carcinogens". United States Department of Health and Human Services' National Toxicology Program. Archived from ... Dioxane is classified by the National Toxicology Program as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen". ...
Benzidine
0051". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). "Known and Probable Carcinogens". American Cancer Society ...
Heavy metals
Chromium (in its hexavalent form) and arsenic are carcinogens; cadmium causes a degenerative bone disease; and mercury and lead ... a suspected carcinogen); and thallium (central nervous system damage). Heavy metals essential for life can be toxic if taken in ... carcinogens); copper, zinc, selenium and silver (endocrine disruption, congenital disorders, or general toxic effects in fish, ...
X-ray
"11th Report on Carcinogens". Ntp.niehs.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2010-12-09. Retrieved 2010-11-08. Brenner DJ, ... X-rays are classified as a carcinogen by both the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer and ...
Heterocyclic amine formation in meat
MeIQ, MeIQx and PhIP were added to the list of anticipated carcinogens in 2004. The Report on Carcinogens stated that MeIQ has ... 13th Report on Carcinogens. "Substances Listed in the Thirteenth Report on Carcinogens" (PDF). Retrieved 2015-05-08. Sugimura, ... "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" in its twelfth Report on Carcinogens, published in 2011. The HCA known as IQ ... Most of the 20 HCAs are more toxic than benzopyrene, a carcinogen found in cigarette smoke and coal tar. MeIQ, IQ and 8-MeIQx ...
Exogeny
Carcinogens are exogenous factors. In geography, exogenous processes all take place outside the Earth and all the other planets ...
Report on Carcinogens
Director, Office of the Report on Carcinogens Tel 984-287-3155 Fax 301-480-2970 [email protected] P.O. Box 12233 ... The Office of the Report on Carcinogens - headed by Ruth M. Lunn, Dr.P.H - coordinates one of the NTPs hazard evaluation ... Substances are listed in the report as either known or reasonably anticipated human carcinogens. ... prepares the Report on Carcinogens , a congressionally mandated report that identifies substances or exposure circumstances ...
carcinogens
carcinogens | Salon.com
carcinogens | PBS NewsHour
Congress, Obama find accord on regulation of household chemicals President Obama reached a rare agreement with Congress on a new law to regulate toxic household chemicals. The legislation, signed Wednesday, will give the EPA the authority to vet and ban tens of thousands of substances potentially harmful to humans,…. By PBS NewsHour. ...
Thirteen OSHA-Regulated Carcinogens | NIOSH | CDC
... promulgated standards in 1974 to regulate the industrial use of 13 chemicals identified as potential occupational carcinogens. ... which considers the 13 chemicals to be potential occupational carcinogens. ... promulgated standards in 1974 to regulate the industrial use of 13 chemicals identified as potential occupational carcinogens. ...
NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens | NIOSH | CDC
NIOSH has adopted a more inclusive carcinogen policy. ... When thresholds for carcinogens that would protect 100% of the ... In this way, respirators will be consistently recommended regardless of whether a substance is a carcinogen or a non-carcinogen ... For the past 20 plus years, NIOSH has subscribed to a carcinogen policy that was published in 1976 by Edward J. Fairchild, II, ... Potential occupational carcinogen means any substance, or combination or mixture of substances, which causes an increased ...
Known and Probable Human Carcinogens
... some related information is included on how different agencies and groups test and classify possible carcinogens. ... Carcinogens do not cause cancer at all times, under all circumstances. In other words, a carcinogen does not always cause ... "Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens". Learn more about the topics in this list in the NTPs Report on Carcinogens at ... National Toxicology Program 14th Report on Carcinogens. "Known to be human carcinogens". Learn more about the topics in this ...
carcinogens | The Ecologist
The Ecologist is the worlds leading environmental affairs platform. Our aim is to educate and inform as many people as possible about the wonders of nature, the crisis we face and the best solutions and methods in managing that crisis. Find out about our mission, and our team, here. The website is owned and published by The Resurgence Trust, an educational charity. To receive the magazine, become a member now. The views expressed in the articles published on this site may not necessarily reflect those of the trust, its trustees or its staff. ...
carcinogens - EURACTIV.com
Exposure to carcinogens at work in EUs crosshairs. The EU Agency for Safety and Health at Work has launched a joint campaign ... Carcinogens found in British baby food and Belgian fries. Two new surveys have found high levels of acrylamide, a known ... MEPs adopt stricter limits on carcinogens in the workplace. EU lawmakers on Wednesday (30 August) voted on tough new exposure ... Sunbed ultraviolet radiation is a complete carcinogen, EU panel says. The European Commissions Scientific Committee on ...
List of IARC Group 3 carcinogens - Wikipedia
Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 3: The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category. Further details can be found in the IARC Monographs Acenaphthene Acepyrene Aciclovir Acridine orange Acriflavinium chloride Acrolein Acrylic acid ...
List of IARC Group 1 carcinogens - Wikipedia
Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 1: The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are carcinogenic to humans. This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Exceptionally, an agent (mixture) may be placed in this category when evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficient but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence in exposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity. 2-Naphthylamine Acetaldehyde associated with consumption of alcoholic beverages 4-Aminobiphenyl Aflatoxins Aristolochic acids, and plants containing them Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds1 Asbestos Azathioprine Benzene Benzidine, and dyes metabolized to Benzo[a]pyrene Beryllium and beryllium compounds2 Chlornapazine ...
carcinogens
Mutagens, Carcinogens, and Anti-Carcinogens | SpringerLink
Mutagens and carcinogens in the environment represent a potential hazard, and it is important to screen large numbers of ... Ames B.N. (1982) Mutagens, Carcinogens, and Anti-Carcinogens. In: Fleck R.A., Hollaender A. (eds) Genetic Toxicology. Basic ... Mutagens and carcinogens in the environment represent a potential hazard, and it is important to screen large numbers of ... Ames, B.N., L.S. Gold, B.B. Sawyer, and W. Havender, Carcinogenic potency, in: "Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens", T. ...
carcinogens Archives - Healthy.net
Carcinogen | Encyclopedia.com
Carcinogen A carcinogen is a substance that causes a normal cell to change into a cancerous cell, resulting in uncontrolled ... Carcinogen Encyclopedia of Public Health COPYRIGHT 2002 The Gale Group Inc.. CARCINOGEN. A carcinogen is an agent that can ... Carcinogen UXL Encyclopedia of Science COPYRIGHT 2002 The Gale Group, Inc.. Carcinogen. A carcinogen is a substance that causes ... Carcinogen. A carcinogen is a substance that causes a normal cell to change into a cancerous cell. The word "car cinogen" is ...
Cancer and environmental carcinogens - SheKnows
Carcinogens are present in and around your home and workplace, and are often related to lifestyle. Being aware of and reducing ... Being exposed to carcinogens doesnt guarantee that you will get cancer; however, substances labeled as carcinogens have ... What are environmental carcinogens?. Cancer is caused by mutations in a cells DNA. Though some of these mutations may be ... Carcinogens are present in and around your home and workplace, and are often related to lifestyle. Being aware of and reducing ...
Carcinogens in cigarettes, 1961 - SourceWatch
Further discussion of eliminating carcinogens in smoke states, "To achieve this objective will require a major research effort ... "Partial List of Compounds in Cigarette Smoke Also Identified as Carcinogens." It lists approximately 42 compounds. A section ... because, 1. Carcinogens are found in practically every class of compounds in smoke. This fact prohibits complete solution of ... Retrieved from "https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Carcinogens_in_cigarettes,_1961&oldid=773249" ...
Carcinogen | pathology | Britannica.com
... physical carcinogens, and oncogenic (cancer-causing) viruses. Most carcinogens, singly or in combination, produce ... They can be divided into three major categories: chemical carcinogens (including those from biological sources), ... Carcinogen, any of a number of agents that can cause cancer in humans. ... More About Carcinogen. 10 references found in Britannica articles. Assorted References. *chemical carcinogens* In poison: ...
carcinogens | Tobacco Control
Fact Sheet: The Report on Carcinogens - 9th Edition
To see information on the 9th edition of the RoC, see the NTP RoC Homepage Report on Carcinogens or contact the NTP-RoC, MD EC- ... It had been listed in the Report as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" since 1985. The Report cites findings of ... An agent, substance, mixture or exposure circumstance can be listed in the Report either as "known to be a human carcinogen" or ... Eight of the new entries are listed as "known to be human carcinogens" and the other six entries as "reasonably anticipated to ...
Cola giants under fire for carcinogens - NZ Herald
Cola giants under fire for carcinogens 11 Mar, 2012 5:20am 2 minutes to read ... Under Californian law, drinks containing a certain level of carcinogens must have a cancer-warning label on their packaging. ... Coca-Cola is altering its drink in the US after the state of California declared one of its flavourings a carcinogen though it ...
8 Common Carcinogens You Can Avoid
... Sheila M. EldredHealth Writer. Sep 23, 2019. ... "Its the most obvious carcinogen, and the one where people can make a change." (Check out these quitting resources from the ... Steering clear of these eight common carcinogens is a great place to start. ... https://www.healthcentral.com/slideshow/common-carcinogens-you-should-be-avoiding. .header { margin-bottom: 10px } @media (min- ...
Carcinogen in Groundnuts | The BMJ
Carcinogen on PureVolume
carcinogens - Science-Based Medicine
Carcinogens and Neurotoxins Quiz
RR1042 - Exposure to carcinogens in surface engineering: Supplementary report
DNA Analysis Catches Carcinogens in a Simple Saliva Sample
... this one can hunt for carcinogens in a simple saliva swab. ... DNA test that can measure the amount of potential carcinogens ... DNA Analysis Catches Carcinogens in a Simple Saliva Sample. Researchers presenting at the 242nd National Meeting and Exposition ... Theyre kind of like a direct measurement of what carcinogens a person is coming in contact with in his or her daily life, ... Our DNA has mechanisms for repairing itself when carcinogens damage our genetic material, but when it fails to do so that ...
Exposure to carcinogens, mutagens and biological agents - RIDDOR - HSE
Exposure to carcinogens, mutagens and biological agents. Regulation 9 requires employers and self-employed workers to report ... Cases of cancer are not reportable when they are not linked with work-related exposures to carcinogens or mutagens. As with ... These hazards include all known human carcinogens and mutagens, including ionising radiation. ...
What Are Some Common Carcinogens? | Reference.com
Common and known human carcinogens include alcoholic beverages, engine exhaust, consumption of processed meat, tobacco smoking ... Factors that determine the degree of risk that a carcinogen presents include the type of carcinogen, the extent of exposure to ... Carcinogens are substances and exposures that may lead to cancer or increase the risk of getting it, explains the American ... Common and known human carcinogens include alcoholic beverages, engine exhaust, consumption of processed meat, tobacco smoking ...
Environmental carcinogensSubstancesReport on CarcinogensChemicalsExposure to a carcinogenCarcinogenicReview of human carcinogensAsbestosArsenicCancerRadiationIARCNaturally occurring cExposuresLikely carcinogenCommon carcinogensUltravioletTobaccoNitrosaminesHumanMutationsPotentFormaldehydeAcrylamidePolycyclicHumansOccupationalWorkplaceBiomarkersNDMANIOSHPotentialMainToxicChemicalVinyl chlorideLowest feasibleOSHAMalignantAnilineFoundPFOATumoursNongenotoxicRisk of exposure
Environmental carcinogens8
- What are environmental carcinogens? (sheknows.com)
- The burgeoning number and complexity of known or suspected environmental carcinogens compel us to act to protect public health, even though we may lack irrefutable proof of harm. (foodpolitics.com)
- This means individuals must do their best to protect themselves and their children (who are more susceptible to damage from environmental carcinogens) from exposure to known cancer-causing substances. (qualityhealth.com)
- This has important implications for the regulation of potential environmental carcinogens. (ewg.org)
- As understanding of the epigenetic impact of environmental carcinogens increases, so will the potential for identifying epigenetic biomarkers for toxicant exposure that could predict the risk for developing disease. (qiagen.com)
- Because the findings can be generalized to other environmental carcinogens, they could help regulators identify chemicals that increase breast cancer risk. (eurekalert.org)
- People carrying mutations of a gene called BAP1 are much more susceptible to asbestos, sunlight and other environmental carcinogens. (hawaii.edu)
- The decrease of calcium makes cells more likely to become malignant when exposed to environmental carcinogens. (hawaii.edu)
Substances25
- For the past 20 plus years, NIOSH has subscribed to a carcinogen policy that was published in 1976 by Edward J. Fairchild, II, Associate Director for Cincinnati Operations, which called for "no detectable exposure levels for proven carcinogenic substances" (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 271:200-207, 1976). (cdc.gov)
- In the past, NIOSH identified numerous substances that should be treated as potential occupational carcinogens even though OSHA might not have identified them as such. (cdc.gov)
- The lists do not include substances that have been classified as possible carcinogens, for which the evidence is not as strong. (cancer.org)
- The US Department of Health and Human Services released its 14th Report on Carcinogens in November, including seven "newly reviewed" substances, bringing its total number of known human carcinogens to 248. (cnn.com)
- Carcinogens include both naturally occurring and artificially produced chemicals, ultraviolet light, and radioactive substances such as radon (a radioactive gas that is present in rock). (encyclopedia.com)
- however, substances labeled as carcinogens have varying levels of cancer-causing potential. (sheknows.com)
- Carcinogens are substances and exposures that may lead to cancer or increase the risk of getting it, explains the American Cancer Society. (reference.com)
- Substances and exposures that can lead to cancer are called carcinogens . (cancer.org)
- Substances labeled as carcinogens can have different levels of cancer-causing potential. (cancer.org)
- European research into the potential carcinogen acrylamide has received a massive injection of cash to boost the biggest international project to date on toxic substances formed when food is heated. (foodnavigator.com)
- Eight new substances have been added to a list of carcinogens by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (livescience.com)
- The congressionally mandated report identifies substances that are either known to be human carcinogens or are reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (livescience.com)
- Reducing exposure to cancer-causing agents is something we all want, and the Report on Carcinogens provides important information on substances that pose a cancer risk," Linda Birnbaum, director of both the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Toxicology Program, said in a statement. (livescience.com)
- Now you're ingesting benzaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide and quercetin glycosides, the last two substances being proven mutagens as well as rodent carcinogens. (houstonpress.com)
- These substances include components of food-packaging materials, processing additives, which are used in food packaging and as food processing aids carcinogens in food to the lowest feasible levels. (change.org)
- Carcinogens are substances that can cause cancer, either by damaging people's DNA or other means, such as causing cells to divide more quickly than usual, according to the American Cancer Society. (reference.com)
- Some carcinogens, such as tobacco and certain types of radiation, are relatively well understood, while other substances are considered probable causes of cancer. (reference.com)
- Several radioactive substances are considered carcinogens, but their carcinogenic activity is attributed to the radiation, for example gamma rays or alpha particles , that they emit. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- The ROC is a scientific report (see this factsheet ) that identifies substances, including industrial chemicals and pesticides, either known or reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens . (edf.org)
- The safe handling of carcinogens is the handling of cancer causing substances in a safe and responsible manner. (wikipedia.org)
- Category 1 carcinogens are substances known to be carcinogenic to humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Category 2 carcinogens are substances that should be regarded as if they were carcinogenic to humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Category 3 carcinogens are defined as substances that have possible carcinogenic effects in humans but about which there is insufficient information to make an assessment. (wikipedia.org)
- Substances are most often categorised as category 1 carcinogens by epidemiological data and as category 2 or 3 carcinogens through the results of animal testing. (wikipedia.org)
- Category 1 or 2 carcinogens or mixtures containing above 0.1% of such substances must be labelled either with the risk phrase "R49 May cause cancer by inhalation", if the risk of carcinogenic effects is only present when the substance's dust or vapours are inhaled. (wikipedia.org)
Report on Carcinogens3
- With these additions, the 12th Report on Carcinogens now includes 240 listings, which can all be found here . (livescience.com)
- That is why recent efforts by the chemical industry and its allies to block Congressionally-mandated, scientific information on carcinogenic hazards by defunding the Report on Carcinogens (ROC) have many researchers and public health officials alarmed. (edf.org)
- In a letter to Ruth Lunn, Director of the Office of the Report on Carcinogens, back in February of this year, the ACC urged delaying the development of any future Reports until the NAS completed its review. (edf.org)
Chemicals16
- Without establishing PELs, OSHA promulgated standards in 1974 to regulate the industrial use of 13 chemicals identified as potential occupational carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
- Respirator selections in the Pocket Guide are based on NIOSH policy, which considers the 13 chemicals to be potential occupational carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
- About 23 chemicals have been identified as carcinogens in humans, with many more shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals. (encyclopedia.com)
- In addition, various chemicals used in industrial processes, such as vinyl chloride and certain dyes, are known human carcinogens. (encyclopedia.com)
- Working in viruses of aquaculture we have a number of raggedy primary monocultures that we have been tiptoeing around in the hopes of getting a cell line for routine use in screening.Are there any methods involving growth enhancing chemicals or carcinogens that may help speed this process up? (bio.net)
- This table lists those chemicals considered to be carcinogens under the requirements of the Occupation Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the basis for the classifications. (epa.gov)
- Many carcinogens are well known and exposure is preventable, such as chemicals in asbestos or tobacco smoke. (cancer.org.au)
- Other environmental factors, such as chemicals and radiation, are carcinogens as well. (qualityhealth.com)
- The reports of the Halifax Project demonstrate that the universe of cancer-causing chemicals may be much larger than the list of known complete carcinogens. (ewg.org)
- Some of these chemicals are known or suspected carcinogens, but despite this knowledge, it is not yet fully understood how cancer risk is increased by red meat or processed meat. (zerohedge.com)
- These abnormalities may be due to the effects of carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke, radiation , chemicals, or infectious agents. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Co-carcinogens are chemicals that do not necessarily cause cancer on their own, but promote the activity of other carcinogens in causing cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Although all of these chemicals are known or highly suspected carcinogens, they continue to pollute the foods we feed our families and ourselves. (thedailymeal.com)
- To help you avoid these cancer-causing chemicals, we've compiled a list of the 10 most popular carcinogens hiding in your foods and drinks. (thedailymeal.com)
- The simple answer is that the producers of those chemicals are profoundly unhappy that the 12th ROC identified formaldehyde as a known human carcinogen and styrene as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen . (edf.org)
- Revised edition of: Handbook of toxic and hazardous chemicals and carcinogens / by Marshall Sittig. (worldcat.org)
Exposure to a carcinogen3
- It is not unusual for cancer to appear 20 to 25 years after initial exposure to a carcinogen. (encyclopedia.com)
- Protective clothing means clothing designed to protect an employee against contact with or exposure to a carcinogen addressed by this section. (osha.gov)
- When the proto-oncogene is mutated to an oncogene by exposure to a carcinogen, the resultant protein may lack ability to govern cell growth and division, resulting in unrestrained and rapid cell proliferation (Narins 2005). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Carcinogenic4
- She said the preliminary decision by the commission to classify Perc as a carcinogen was meant to "indicate to the public that the CPSC believes the existing evidence concerning the carcinogenic potential of the substance is strong, and that further detailed investigation and evaluation of products containing the substance is warrented. (washingtonpost.com)
- Mixtures containing more than 0.1% of a category 1 or 2 carcinogen or more than 1% of a category 3 carcinogen must also be considered carcinogenic and be appropriately labelled. (wikipedia.org)
- The carcinogens should be stored in a separate area to flammable solids and corrosive liquids as to avoid any damage to containers and possible leaking of carcinogenic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
- Formaldehyde is classified as a "Group 1 Carcinogen" which is defined as an agent that "is definitely carcinogenic to humans" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and "a complete carcinogen" in the words of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (treehugger.com)
Review of human carcinogens2
Asbestos2
- Common examples of carcinogens are tobacco smoke, inhaled asbestos , benzene, hepatitis B, and human papilloma virus. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Common examples of non-radioactive carcinogens are inhaled asbestos , certain dioxins , and tobacco smoke. (wikipedia.org)
Arsenic2
- The district says investigators found high levels of arsenic, lead, chromium, copper, polychlorinated biphenyls and other carcinogens at David Starr Jordan High School in South Los Angeles. (courthousenews.com)
- Environmental and occupational carcinogens such as arsenic and cadmium are implicated in both epigenetic changes and carcinogenesis, but the mechanisms underlying this connection remain unclear. (qiagen.com)
Cancer42
- In general, the American Cancer Society does not determine if something causes cancer (that is, if it is a carcinogen ). (cancer.org)
- To learn more about these agencies and how they study and classify cancer causes, see Determining if Something Is a Carcinogen . (cancer.org)
- Carcinogens do not cause cancer at all times, under all circumstances. (cancer.org)
- Carcinogens cause cancer by producing changes (or mutations) in the genetic material, or DNA, of a cell. (encyclopedia.com)
- Sunlight is a well-known carcinogen that can cause changes in skin cells that may lead to skin cancer . (encyclopedia.com)
- Being aware of and reducing your exposure to carcinogens can reduce your risk of developing cancer. (sheknows.com)
- Diesel exhaust, a contributor to air pollution, has been classified as an environmental carcinogen and is most associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. (sheknows.com)
- Carcinogen , any of a number of agents that can cause cancer in humans. (britannica.com)
- They can be divided into three major categories: chemical carcinogens (including those from biological sources), physical carcinogens, and oncogenic (cancer-causing) viruses . (britannica.com)
- Most carcinogens, singly or in combination, produce cancer by interacting with DNA in cells and thereby interfering with normal cellular function. (britannica.com)
- There also exist carcinogens that induce cancer through nongenotoxic mechanisms, such as immunosuppression and induction of tissue-specific inflammation . (britannica.com)
- Other examples of chemical carcinogens include nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are found in tobacco smoke and are associated with the development of lung cancer . (britannica.com)
- The identification and timely elimination of carcinogens can reduce the incidence of cancer. (britannica.com)
- Under Californian law, drinks containing a certain level of carcinogens must have a cancer-warning label on their packaging. (nzherald.co.nz)
- Our DNA has mechanisms for repairing itself when carcinogens damage our genetic material, but when it fails to do so that genetic damage can lead to cell mutations and eventually to health problems like cancer and inflammatory diseases. (popsci.com)
- Cases of cancer are not reportable when they are not linked with work-related exposures to carcinogens or mutagens. (hse.gov.uk)
- Common and known human carcinogens include alcoholic beverages, engine exhaust, consumption of processed meat, tobacco smoking, and ultraviolet or UV radiation, according to the American Cancer Society. (reference.com)
- When a substance or exposure has been labeled a carcinogen, it means it has been studied extensively by researchers, and one or more agencies have evaluated the evidence and determined it to be a cause of cancer. (cancer.org)
- Some carcinogens cause cancer by changing a cell's DNA. (cancer.org)
- Carcinogens do not cause cancer in every case, all the time. (cancer.org)
- And for any particular person, the risk of developing cancer depends on many factors, including how they are exposed to a carcinogen, the length and intensity of the exposure, and the person's genetic makeup. (cancer.org)
- On top of putting themselves at risk of injury, they also expose themselves to dangerous carcinogens that can lead to cancer. (preventcancer.org)
- The European Commission is undertaking a phased process to amend Directive 2004/37/EC (the Carcinogens and Mutagens Directive), expanding its scope and including and/or revising occupational exposure limit values for a number of cancer- or mutation-causing chemical agents. (europa.eu)
- Tobacco carcinogens, their biomarkers and tobacco-induced cancer. (nih.gov)
- What are the mechanisms by which this deadly combination leads to 30% of cancer-related deaths in developed countries, and how can carcinogen biomarkers help to reveal these mechanisms? (nih.gov)
- Dr. Schwartzentruber, tell us what we know about how carcinogens cause cancer. (bigthink.com)
- I mean most carcinogens we think cause cancer by mutating DNA, but there are examples of carcinogens for example, forballesters [ph] which can cause skin cancers that almost certainly are to working through mutating DNA directly, although in the long run you always end up getting mutations in DNA. (bigthink.com)
- The situations described in this section are those where there is a proven cancer risk: an increased incidence of cancer has clearly been associated with exposure to a known carcinogen. (cancer.org.au)
- A carcinogen is a substance that causes cancer in the body. (cancer.org.au)
- Any environmental factor that is capable of causing cancer is called a carcinogen. (qualityhealth.com)
- Some carcinogens are associated with specific types of cancer. (qualityhealth.com)
- Research on the environmental causes of cancer is limited, so researchers really don't fully know the consequences of cumulative lifetime exposure to known carcinogens or how specific environmental contaminants interact with each other. (qualityhealth.com)
- Rethinking Carcinogens: Comparing Cancer Risk Factors: Should We Be Concerned? (ewg.org)
- The American Cancer Society notes that carcinogens are often associated with specific types of cancer and that some carcinogens, such as radiation from the sun, are natural and difficult to avoid. (reference.com)
- Evidence for acetaminophen's link to cancer has been weak enough that the International Agency for Research on Cancer declined to list it as a possible carcinogen following reviews in 1990 and 1999. (ktvu.com)
- After the state listed glyphosate - widely known as the weed killer Roundup - as a carcinogen in 2017, a jury ordered the company that makes Roundup to pay a California couple with cancer more than $2 billion. (ktvu.com)
- A carcinogen is any substance or agent that can cause cancer . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- A carcinogen can be a chemical, radiation, radionuclide (an atom with an unstable nucleus), virus , hormone , or other agent that is directly involved in the promotion of cancer or in the facilitation of its propagation. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- There also is a responsibility on behalf of society to identify cancer-causing agents, doing assessments for them, implementing laws to remove potential carcinogens, and providing educational programs to warn the public, despite the high costs of such efforts. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Carcinogens may increase the risk of getting cancer by altering cellular metabolism or damaging DNA directly in cells , which interferes with biological processes, and induces the uncontrolled, malignant division ultimately. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide , or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis , the formation of cancer . (wikipedia.org)
- This study is important and highlights the need for a holistic consideration of mechanistic evidence when identifying potential carcinogens," says Kathryn Guyton, a senior toxicologist at the International Agency for Research on Cancer. (eurekalert.org)
Radiation5
- Physical carcinogens include ultraviolet rays from sunlight and ionizing radiation from X-rays and from radioactive materials in industry and in the general environment. (britannica.com)
- These hazards include all known human carcinogens and mutagens, including ionising radiation. (hse.gov.uk)
- Basically a cell has to go through a division cycle and make a daughter cell in order for a mutation to get locked in and that- But most really do it by directly damaging DNA, UV light, radiation directly damage the nucleotides in the DNA and many other chemical carcinogens interpolate into the DNA and at the time of cell division interfere with proper base replacement. (bigthink.com)
- The other point I would make is that not all carcinogens are UV light or radiation. (bigthink.com)
- CERCLA identifies all radionuclides as carcinogens, although the nature of the emitted radiation ( alpha , beta , gamma , or neutron and the radioactive strength), its consequent capacity to cause ionization in tissues, and the magnitude of radiation exposure, determine the potential hazard. (wikipedia.org)
IARC3
- The lists below are from IARC and NTP, and more information on each of these known and probable human carcinogens can be found on their websites. (cancer.org)
- Using these viewpoints our summary was that RF-EMF exposure should be a Group 1 carcinogen according to IARC criteria. (wordpress.com)
- It's worth noting that the ROC's scientific evaluation of formaldehyde and styrene are consistent with those conducted by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Carcinogens (IARC). (edf.org)
Naturally occurring c1
- Perhaps you'll be able to control yourself better at the holiday table once you remember that you're ingesting naturally occurring carcinogens and mutagens. (houstonpress.com)
Exposures1
- When thresholds for carcinogens that would protect 100% of the population had not been identified, NIOSH usually recommended that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration. (cdc.gov)
Likely carcinogen3
- The Environmental Protection Agency's own scientific advisory panel has identified perfluorooctanoic acid, a chemical compound used to make Teflon, as a "likely carcinogen" in a report it plans to submit to the agency next month. (washingtonpost.com)
- Instead, it says that the fact that animal studies have identified four different kinds of tumors in both male and female rats and mice that had been exposed to the compound convinced a majority of its members that it is a likely carcinogen. (washingtonpost.com)
- AP) - A scientific advisory panel to the Environmental Protection Agency voted unanimously yesterday to recommend that a chemical used when making Teflon and other nonstick and stain-resistant products should be considered a likely carcinogen. (washingtontimes.com)
Common carcinogens2
- Steering clear of these eight common carcinogens is a great place to start. (healthcentral.com)
- What Are Some Common Carcinogens? (reference.com)
Ultraviolet1
- Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation from sunlight is a known human carcinogen. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Tobacco3
- The devastating link between tobacco products and human cancers results from a powerful alliance of two factors - nicotine and carcinogens. (nih.gov)
- This addiction, however, causes people to use tobacco products continually, and these products contain many carcinogens. (nih.gov)
- [6] As far back as the 1930s, Industrial smoke and tobacco smoke were identified as sources of dozens of carcinogens, including benzo[ a ]pyrene , tobacco-specific nitrosamines such as nitrosonornicotine , and reactive aldehydes such as formaldehyde , which is also a hazard in embalming and making plastics . (wikipedia.org)
Nitrosamines1
- Eric Boyland and collaborator demonstrated about 20 years ago that N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), a suspected smoke constituent, was a lung carcinogen in mice and that thiocyanate, a major detoxification product of the smoke component hydrogen cyanide, catalyzes the endogenous formation of nitrosamines. (biomedsearch.com)
Human10
- These lists include agents that have been classified as known and probable human carcinogens. (cancer.org)
- The Working Group categorised RF-EMF from mobile phones, and from other devices that emit similar non-ionising electromagnetic fields, as a Group 2B, i.e. a 'possible', human carcinogen . (wordpress.com)
- The new additions, announced on June 6, include formaldehyde and aristolochic acids, a family of acids that occur naturally in some plant species, which are now both considered known human carcinogens. (livescience.com)
- The Food and Drug Administration said Monday Pfizer Inc. informed health care professionals that its HIV drug Viracept contains some traces of a potential human carcinogen. (crainsnewyork.com)
- These compounds have been shown to be both mutagens and human and rodent carcinogens. (houstonpress.com)
- Many carcinogens are associated with human activity and lifestyle choices, including cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol use, poor diet, and lack of exercise. (qualityhealth.com)
- The FDA recently announced that it found Zantac, an acid blocker drug, was contaminated with N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), which is classified as a probable human carcinogen. (anh-usa.org)
- For example, Thorotrast , a (incidentally radioactive) suspension previously used as a contrast medium in x-ray diagnostics, is a potent human carcinogen known because of its retention within various organs and persistent emission of alpha particles. (wikipedia.org)
- Increasingly, we are appreciating that human carcinogens may exhibit different combinations of these key characteristics. (eurekalert.org)
- The National Toxicology Program also recently revised its characterization of formaldehyde to that of "known human carcinogen. (treehugger.com)
Mutations2
- When carcinogens interact with DNA, they can cause genetic alterations, or mutations, which cells pass along as they divide. (qualityhealth.com)
- Note: In general, polymers are not known as carcinogens or mutagens, however, residual monomers or additives can cause genetic mutations. (wikipedia.org)
Potent4
- For much of Camp Lejeune's history, its drinking water was contaminated by potent carcinogens at levels rarely if ever seen in a large water system, a new federal report shows. (tampabay.com)
- The common cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus or champignon contains hydrazine, a component of modern rocket fuel and a potent rodent carcinogen. (houstonpress.com)
- Since it is one of the most potent liver carcinogens known, the research to detect and limit its presence in sunflower seeds and their products could help save lives and reduce liver disease in areas where sunflowers and their byproducts are consumed, said study co-author Gale Strasburg, Professor at Michigan State University in the US. (yahoo.com)
- Aflatoxin B 1 , which is produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus growing on stored grains , nuts and peanut butter , is an example of a potent, naturally occurring microbial carcinogen. (wikipedia.org)
Formaldehyde1
- The widely used preservative formaldehyde, and styrene, found in food containers and coffee cups, are among eight agents added to a list of known and suspected carcinogens by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. (bloomberg.com)
Acrylamide5
- Two new surveys have found high levels of acrylamide, a known carcinogen, in UK-made baby biscuits and Belgium's favourite fast food. (euractiv.com)
- One such example is acrylamide , which is considered a probable carcinogen in humans and is produced as a result of industrial processes and cooking certain foods at high temperatures. (britannica.com)
- Beware of wide variations in the levels of possible carcinogen acrylamide in Christmas gingerbread, the Norwegian consumer group has said. (foodnavigator.com)
- The European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA) annual update report on acrylamide levels in foods does not reveal any considerable change in the presence of the possible carcinogen in foods. (foodnavigator.com)
- European scientists agree that efforts to reduce the potential carcinogen acrylamide from the European food chain must continue, and that science must focus on long-term studies to build a stronger picture of the impact this genotoxic. (foodnavigator.com)
Polycyclic1
- Special care must be taken when using single exposure carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (wikipedia.org)
Humans1
- Mutagens and carcinogens in the environment represent a potential hazard, and it is important to screen large numbers of compounds and mixtures of compounds to which humans are exposed. (springer.com)
Occupational2
- This definition also includes any substance which is metabolized into one or more potential occupational carcinogens by mammals. (cdc.gov)
- The following criteria for identification, classification and regulation of potential occupational carcinogens will be applied, unless the Secretary considers evidence under the provisions of §§ 1990.143 , 1990.144 and 1990.145 and determines that such evidence warrants an exception to these criteria. (cornell.edu)
Workplace1
- Carcinogens are present in and around your home and workplace, and are often related to lifestyle. (sheknows.com)
Biomarkers1
- DNA adducts-as strings of DNA damaged by carcinogens are known-serve as biomarkers for doctors, letting them know what diseases a patient might be vulnerable to and helping them monitor for ailments that the patient has a higher likelihood of developing. (popsci.com)
NDMA2
- Dec. 5, 2019 -- The FDA has begun testing samples of the diabetes drug metformin for the carcinogen N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), the agency announced Wednesday. (webmd.com)
- The move is part of the FDA's broader push to investigate a range of drugs for the presence of the carcinogen, known as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), with heartburn drug Zantac being recalled this year for fear it contained NDMA. (reuters.com)
NIOSH3
- Also, in 1989, NIOSH adopted several quantitative RELs for carcinogens from OSHA's permissible exposure limit (PEL) update. (cdc.gov)
- Under the new policy, NIOSH will also recommend the complete range of respirators (as determined by the NIOSH Respirator Decision Logic) for carcinogens with quantitative RELs. (cdc.gov)
- To ensure maximum protection from carcinogens through the use of respiratory protection, NIOSH also recommended that only the most reliable and protective respirators be used. (cdc.gov)
Potential8
- Repeated local injury (e.g., wounding) or recurring irritation (e.g., chronic inflammation ) to a part of the body are other examples of potential physical carcinogens. (britannica.com)
- Researchers presenting at the 242nd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society this week in Denver have demonstrated a new DNA test that can measure the amount of potential carcinogens clinging to a person's DNA. (popsci.com)
- Each of these exposure routes and severity of damage can vary depending on the potential carcinogen in question. (wikipedia.org)
- This gap in testing means potential breast carcinogens are being given the green light for use in our consumer products. (eurekalert.org)
- Classification of potential carcinogens. (cornell.edu)
- 29 CFR 1990.112 - Classification of potential carcinogens. (cornell.edu)
- a) Category I Potential Carcinogens. (cornell.edu)
- b) Category II Potential Carcinogens. (cornell.edu)
Main1
- The main routes of exposure to carcinogens come from direct contact through the methods of inhalation, contact, injection, absorption or ingestion. (wikipedia.org)
Toxic3
- Every time you make up, you lather your face with a deadly cocktail of carcinogens, preservatives, mutagens, allergens, toxic heavy metals and other poisons that slip through the loose regulatory net. (healthy.net)
- Many of the beauty products such as hair, skin and body care and cosmetics as well as the food we eat contain well known carcinogens and are highly toxic. (articlealley.com)
- However, in some cases, these reactions can also convert a less toxic carcinogen into a more toxic carcinogen. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical5
- There may be such a thing as partial chemical carcinogens that play a role. (ewg.org)
- The chemical firms also allege that the commission action to classify Perc as a carcinogen is "arbitrary, capricious and unsupported by the record," and that implementation of such a classification "would inflict serious and irreparable injury on the plaintiffs. (washingtonpost.com)
- If such a proposal were successful, it would effectively delay public access to critical information on chemical carcinogens for years. (edf.org)
- Limit access to carcinogens, keep containers and amounts used as small as possible, double containers and chemical resistant trays. (wikipedia.org)
- More than 20 years ago, we learned that this dangerous chemical poisoned the tap water of California communities, and now these tests and EWG's report show that roughly 218 million Americans are being served drinking water polluted with potentially dangerous levels of this known carcinogen," said Erin Brockovich, a consumer advocate whose investigation of deaths and disease in a small desert town brought chromium-6 to national attention. (commondreams.org)
Vinyl chloride2
- Vinyl chloride , from which PVC is manufactured, is a carcinogen and thus a hazard in PVC production. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, said Heckman, vinyl chloride is a carcinogen, but its one-part-per-million presence in FDA-approved PVC packaging is low enough for FDA policy to consider it an ``unwanted contaminant. (plasticsnews.com)
Lowest feasible1
- Under the old policy, RELs for most carcinogens were non-quantitative values labeled "lowest feasible concentration (LFC). (cdc.gov)
OSHA1
- This was in response to a generic OSHA rulemaking on carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
Malignant1
- When these genes are mutated by carcinogens they contribute to malignant tumor formation (Narins 2005). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Aniline1
- They contain aniline and caffeic acid, both rodent carcinogens. (houstonpress.com)
Found4
- Carcinogens are found in practically every class of compounds in smoke. (sourcewatch.org)
- EarthShare member the Natural Resources Defense Council tested 1,000 of what item and found that 20 percent of them contained possible carcinogens and neurotoxins? (earthshare.org)
- EarthShare member National Resources Defense Council (NRDC) conducted a four-year study of the bottled water industry and found that while the water itself was generally safe, nearly 20 percent of the bottles tested were contaminated with possible carcinogens and neurotoxins. (earthshare.org)
- By learning about the carcinogens found in every day foods, you can be vigilant about which products you purchase and choose to feed your family. (thedailymeal.com)
PFOA1
- Until now, the EPA has classified PFOA as a "suggested" carcinogen, which requires fewer health precautions. (washingtonpost.com)
Tumours1
- The two primary mechanisms by which carcinogens initiate the formation of such tumours is via alterations in DNA that encourage cell division and that prevent cells from being able to self-destruct when stimulated by normal triggers, such as DNA damage or cellular injury (a process known as apoptosis ). (britannica.com)
Nongenotoxic1
- Carcinogens can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Risk of exposure1
- Other jobs on the list because of the risk of exposure to carcinogens were dry cleaners and printing press operators. (thestar.com)