Carcinogens
Nitrosamines
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Mutagens
Benzopyrenes
DNA Adducts
Carcinogenicity Tests
Tests to experimentally measure the tumor-producing/cancer cell-producing potency of an agent by administering the agent (e.g., benzanthracenes) and observing the quantity of tumors or the cell transformation developed over a given period of time. The carcinogenicity value is usually measured as milligrams of agent administered per tumor developed. Though this test differs from the DNA-repair and bacterial microsome MUTAGENICITY TESTS, researchers often attempt to correlate the finding of carcinogenicity values and mutagenicity values.
Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
Mutagenicity Tests
Aminobiphenyl Compounds
4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Benz(a)Anthracenes
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Neoplasms, Experimental
Dimethylnitrosamine
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Aflatoxin B1
A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.
Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Glutathione Transferase
Anticarcinogenic Agents
Precancerous Conditions
Dihydroxydihydrobenzopyrenes
Aflatoxins
Furano-furano-benzopyrans that are produced by ASPERGILLUS from STERIGMATOCYSTIN. They are structurally related to COUMARINS and easily oxidized to an epoxide form to become ALKYLATING AGENTS. Members of the group include AFLATOXIN B1; aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2; AFLATOXIN M1; and aflatoxin M2.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Liver
Urethane
Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic
A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
Azoxymethane
Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from ACETYL-COA to arylamines. It can also catalyze acetyl transfer between arylamines without COENZYME A and has a wide specificity for aromatic amines, including SEROTONIN. However, arylamine N-acetyltransferase should not be confused with the enzyme ARYLALKYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE which is also referred to as SEROTONIN ACETYLTRANSFERASE.
Benzidines
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1
A liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase capable of biotransforming xenobiotics such as polycyclic hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons into carcinogenic or mutagenic compounds. They have been found in mammals and fish. This enzyme, encoded by CYP1A1 gene, can be measured by using ethoxyresorufin as a substrate for the ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity.
DNA Damage
Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.
Metabolic Detoxication, Drug
Neoplasms
Safrole
Ethylene Dibromide
An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.
Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental
Methylazoxymethanol Acetate
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Papilloma
Acrylonitrile
Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases
A large group of cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) monooxygenases that complex with NAD(P)H-FLAVIN OXIDOREDUCTASE in numerous mixed-function oxidations of aromatic compounds. They catalyze hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of substrates and are important in the metabolism of steroids, drugs, and toxins such as PHENOBARBITAL, carcinogens, and insecticides.
Occupational Exposure
Environmental Exposure
Mesocricetus
Amines
Alkylating Agents
Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases.
Vinyl Chloride
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Chromium
Glucuronates
Propiolactone
Tobacco
Genes, ras
Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein.
Cooking
DNA Repair
The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.
Benzene
Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1
An ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 enzyme that metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Substrates include ETHANOL; INHALATION ANESTHETICS; BENZENE; ACETAMINOPHEN and other low molecular weight compounds. CYP2E1 has been used as an enzyme marker in the study of alcohol abuse.
Butylated Hydroxyanisole
Alkylation
p-Aminoazobenzene
Phenobarbital
Ethylene Oxide
A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794)
Cricetinae
Epoxy Compounds
Cotinine
Arsenic
A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Imidazoles
Microsomes, Liver
Acrylamide
Phenolphthalein
Colon
Genes, p53
Biological Assay
A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.
Rats, Inbred Strains
Nitrilotriacetic Acid
NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)
FANFT
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
Micronucleus Tests
Enzyme Induction
Aristolochic Acids
Nitro-phenanthrenes occurring in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE and other plants. They derive from stephanine (APORPHINES) by oxidative ring cleavage. The nitro group is a reactive alkylator (ALKYLATING AGENTS) that binds to biological macromolecules. Ingestion by humans is associated with nephropathy (NEPHRITIS). There is no relationship to the similar named aristolochene (SESQUITERPENES).
Nicotine
Polymorphism, Genetic
The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.
Food Contamination
Mutation
Anisoles
Antimutagenic Agents
Environmental Pollutants
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Hyperplasia
Aflatoxin M1
A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).
Case-Control Studies
Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.
Methylenebis(chloroaniline)
Cell Division
Lung
Glucuronosyltransferase
Ultraviolet Rays
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.
Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced
Mice, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.
Isoenzymes
Asbestos
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Epoxide Hydrolases
Chlorophyllides
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
Environmental Monitoring
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Risk Factors
gamma-Glutamyltransferase
Air Pollutants, Occupational
Animal Testing Alternatives
Ochratoxins
Urinary Bladder
Cells, Cultured
Disease Susceptibility
Microsomes
Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Inhalation Exposure
Risk Assessment
Sister Chromatid Exchange
An exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chromatids of a meiotic tetrad or between the sister chromatids of a duplicated somatic chromosome. Its frequency is increased by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation and other mutagenic agents and is particularly high in BLOOM SYNDROME.
Maternal-Fetal Exchange
Toxicology
Genotype
Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective
Comet Assay
A genotoxicological technique for measuring DNA damage in an individual cell using single-cell gel electrophoresis. Cell DNA fragments assume a "comet with tail" formation on electrophoresis and are detected with an image analysis system. Alkaline assay conditions facilitate sensitive detection of single-strand damage.
Tars
Base Sequence
Heterocyclic Compounds
Maximum Allowable Concentration
The maximum exposure to a biologically active physical or chemical agent that is allowed during an 8-hour period (a workday) in a population of workers, or during a 24-hour period in the general population, which does not appear to cause appreciable harm, whether immediate or delayed for any period, in the target population. (From Lewis Dictionary of Toxicology, 1st ed)
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Carbolines
Salmonella typhimurium
Ethionine
An investigation into the binding of the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one to DNA in vitro. (1/6863)
After metabolic activation the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-[3H]methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one binds to DNA in vitro, and this binding is prevented by 7,8-benzoflavone. Radioactivity cannot be removed from the DNA with organic solvents or by chromatography on Sephadex G-50, even after heat denaturation of the DNA. Enzymatic hydrolysis yields radioactive fractions, which elute from a column of Sephadex LH-20 immediately after the natural nucleosides. At least two species of reactive metabolites are involved in this bending, those with a half-life of a few hr and others with greater stability. After extraction from the aqueous incubation mixture, they could be detected in discrete polar fractions from separations of the complex metabolite mixture by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Their ability to bind to DNA decreased with time at ambient temperature, and they were rapidly deactivated by acid. 7,8-Benzolflavone acted by suppressing the formation of polar metabolites derived from enzymatic oxidation of the aromatic double bonds. The inhibitor had no effect on the enzymes hydroxylating saturated carbon; hence it is unlikely that metabolism of the methyl group is important in conversion of this carcinogen to its proximate form, although the presence of the 11-methyl group is essential for carcinogenic activity in this series. (+info)Effect of hepatocarcinogens on the binding of glucocorticoid-receptor complex in rat liver nuclei. (2/6863)
The effects of a number of carcinogens and hepatotoxins on the binding kinetics of the interactions of glucocorticoidcytosol receptor complex with nuclear acceptor sites in rat liver were investigated. Both the apparent sites in rat liver were investigated. Both the apparent concentration of nuclear binding sites and the Kd were significantly diminished following treatment of rats with sublethal doses of the carcinogens aflatoxin B1, diethylnitrosamine, dimethylnitrosamine, thioacetamide, 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, and 3-methylcholanthrene. Treatment with actinomycin D resulted in a slight reduction in the apparent concentration of nuclear acceptor sites but had no effect on the nuclear binding Kd. The hepatotoxic but noncarcinogenic analgesic, acetaminophen, as well as the weakly toxic aflatoxin B1 cognate, aflatoxin B2, were without effect on the kinetics or binding capacity of glucocorticoid-nuclear acceptor site interaction. These experiments suggest that chemically induced alteration of functional glucocorticoid binding sites on chromatin may be involved in the biochemical effects produced in liver by carcinogens of several chemical types. This experimental model may provide a useful approach for further elucidation of early events in carcinogenesis. (+info)Assaying potential carcinogens with Drosophila. (3/6863)
Drosophila offers many advantages for the detection of mutagenic activity of carcinogenic agents. It provides the quickest assay system for detecting mutations in animals today. Its generation time is short, and Drosophila is cheap and easy to breed in large numbers. The simple genetic testing methods give unequivocal answers about the whole spectrum of relevant genetic damage. A comparison of the detection capacity of assays sampling different kinds of genetic damage revealed that various substances are highly effective in inducing mutations but do not produce chromosome breakage effects at all, or only at much higher concentrations than those required for mutation induction. Of the different assay systems available, the classical sex-linked recessive lethal test deserves priority, in view of its superior capacity to detect mutagens. Of practical importance is also its high sensitivity, because a large number of loci in one fifth of the genome is tested for newly induced forward mutations, including small deletions. The recent findings that Drosophila is capable of carrying out the same metabolic activation reactions as the mammalian liver makes the organism eminently suitable for verifying results obtained in prescreening with fast microbial assay systems. An additional advantage in this respect is the capacity of Drosophila for detecting short-lived activation products, because intracellular metabolic activation appears to occur within the spermatids and spermatocytes. (+info)Carcinogenicity of triethanolamine in mice and its mutagenicity after reaction with sodium nitrite in bacteria. (4/6863)
Mice fed a diet containing 0.3 or 0.03% triethanolamine developed malignant tumors. Females showed a high incidence of tumors in lymphoid tissues, while this type was absent in males. Tumors in other tissues were produced at a considerable rate in both sexes, but no hepatoma was found. Triethanolamine was not mutagenic to Bacillus subtilis by itself, but it became mutagenic after reacting with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions or when the mixture was heated. Although N-nitrosodiethanolamine, a known carcinogen and mutagen, was detected in the reaction mixture by thin-layer chromatography, it may not be the main mutagenic product, because the product was a stable and direct mutagen and its mutagenic activity was destroyed by liver enzymes, unlike N-nitrosodiethanolamine. The lethal and mutagenic DNA damages produced by this unidentified product were susceptible to some extent to the repair functions of the bacteria. (+info)The five amino acid-deleted isoform of hepatocyte growth factor promotes carcinogenesis in transgenic mice. (5/6863)
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a polypeptide with mitogenic, motogenic, and morphogenic effects on different cell types including hepatocytes. HGF is expressed as two biologically active isotypes resulting from alternative RNA splicing. The roles of each HGF isoform in development, liver regeneration and tumorigenesis have not yet been well characterized. We report the generation and analysis of transgenic mice overexpressing the five amino acid-deleted variant of HGF (dHGF) in the liver by virtue of an albumin expression vector. These ALB-dHGF transgenic mice develop normally, have an enhanced rate of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, and exhibit a threefold higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond 17 months of age. Moreover, overexpression of dHGF dramatically accelerates diethyl-nitrosamine induced HCC tumorigenesis. These tumors arise faster, are significantly larger, more numerous and more invasive than those appearing in non-transgenic littermates. Approximately 90% of female dHGF-transgenic mice had multiple macroscopic HCCs 40 weeks after injection of DEN; whereas the non-transgenic counterparts had only microscopic nodules. Liver tumors and cultured tumor cell lines from dHGF transgenics showed high levels of HGF and c-Met mRNA and protein. Together, these results reveal that in vivo dHGF plays an active role in liver regeneration and HCC tumorigenesis. (+info)Expression of dominant negative Erk2 inhibits AP-1 transactivation and neoplastic transformation. (6/6863)
The mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases or extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erks) are activated in response to Ras expression or exposure to tumor promoters or to growth factors, and have been implicated in AP-1 transactivation in some models. We have shown that tumor promoter induced activation of the transcription factor AP-1 is required for induced neoplastic transformation in the Balb/C JB6 cell model. Jun and Fos family protein levels have been found not to be limiting for AP-1 response. The present study asks whether activation of Erks1 and 2 is required for AP-1 transactivation and transformation of JB6 cells and whether Erks might be targeted for cancer prevention. Expression of either of two different dominant negative kinase inactive Erk2 mutants in transformation sensitive (P+) JB6 cells substantially inhibited the tumor promoter induced activation of Erks1 and 2 and of AP-1 measured by a collagenase-luciferase reporter. Multiple mutant Erk2 expressing clonal lines were also rendered non-responsive to induced neoplastic transformation. These observations, together with our recent finding attributing AP-1 non-responsiveness to Erk deficiency in a clonal line of transformation resistant (P-) cells, argue for a requirement for Erks1 and/or 2 activation in AP-1 transactivation in the mouse JB6 neoplastic progression model, and suggest the utility of Erks as a prevention target. (+info)Carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation regulates the function and subcellular localization of protein kinase C betaII. (7/6863)
Protein kinase C is processed by three phosphorylation events before it is competent to respond to second messengers. Specifically, the enzyme is first phosphorylated at the activation loop by another kinase, followed by two ordered autophosphorylations at the carboxyl terminus (Keranen, L. M., Dutil, E. M., and Newton, A. C. (1995) Curr. Biol. 5, 1394-1403). This study examines the role of negative charge at the first conserved carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation position, Thr-641, in regulating the function and subcellular localization of protein kinase C betaII. Mutation of this residue to Ala results in compensating phosphorylations at adjacent sites, so that a triple Ala mutant was required to address the function of phosphate at Thr-641. Biochemical and immunolocalization analyses of phosphorylation site mutants reveal that negative charge at this position is required for the following: 1) to process catalytically competent protein kinase C; 2) to allow autophosphorylation of Ser-660; 3) for cytosolic localization of protein kinase C; and 4) to permit phorbol ester-dependent membrane translocation. Thus, phosphorylation of Thr-641 in protein kinase C betaII is essential for both the catalytic function and correct subcellular localization of protein kinase C. The conservation of this residue in every protein kinase C isozyme, as well as other members of the kinase superfamily such as protein kinase A, suggests that carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation serves as a key molecular switch for defining kinase function. (+info)Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARS) and carcinogenesis. (8/6863)
Peroxisome proliferators (PPs) are an important group of chemicals that include certain hypolipidemic drugs, plasticizers and pollutants. Many of these agents are known rodent liver tumor promoters and debate exists as to whether humans are at increased cancer risk following exposure to PPs. Research over the last decade has focused on determining the biochemical and molecular mechanisms by which peroxisome proliferators exert their effects, in the hope that this controversy will be settled. PPs regulate gene expression via a steroid hormone receptor, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). At least three subtypes of PPAR (alpha, beta and gamma) have been cloned from several species, including humans. These receptors have been implicated in tumor promotion, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. In the present article, the current understanding of how PPARs are involved in tumorigenesis, and what this may mean to human risk assessment, will be discussed. (+info)
Disposable paper cups or hidden potential carcinogens
Biennial Report on Carcinogens - How is Biennial Report on Carcinogens abbreviated?
論文詳細:Final Report on Carcinogens Background Document fo...[Report on carcinogens background document for [substance
name]] -...
Dysfunction of the circadian transcriptional factor CLOCK in mice resists chemical carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis -...
87 lots recalled over potential carcinogen | News Flow from USA
Project: Review of the Formaldehyde Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens (COMPLETED)
Project: Review of the Styrene Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens (COMPLETED)
Acute effects of in vitro exposure to chemical carcinogens on preimpla by P M. Iannaccone and T Y. Tsao
KEGG PATHWAY: Chemical carcinogenesis - Pantholops hodgsonii (chiru)
KEGG PATHWAY: Chemical carcinogenesis - Equus caballus (horse)
Introduction on carcinogens - Roadmap on Carcinogens
Congressional Hearings on NTPs Report on Carcinogens - SafeChemicalPolicy.org
Are There Thresholds for Non-genotoxic and Genotoxic Carcinogens?
Carcinogen - Wikipedia
Microsoft word - r1882843
Consistent and Fast Inhibition of Colon Carcinogenesis by Polyethylene Glycol in Mice and Rats Given Various Carcinogens |...
Sandoz Inc. Issues Voluntary Recall of Zantac Over Potential Carcinogen Contamination - Legal Reader
FDA Finds Traces Of Potential Carcinogen In Popular Heartburn Medications | Speedy World News
Tobacco Carcinogen-Induced Production of GM-CSF Activates CREB to Promote Pancreatic Cancer | Cancer Research
Carcinogen | angiEmedia
General Information about Carcinogens
New technology tracks carcinogens as they move through the body
Cytochrome P450-mediated pulmonary metabolism of carcinogens: regulation and cross-talk in lung carcinogenesis. - Semantic...
Codes Display Text
DNA Analysis Catches Carcinogens in a Simple Saliva Sample
Featured Archives - Most Effective Medical Clinic anywhere
Carcinogen Activation and Screening in Variant Cells - Oliver Hankinson
JAMA Network Open Editors Summary - Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplements on Development of Advanced Cancer; Carcinogen Exposure...
How and why do carcinogens cause cancer? | HowStuffWorks
Medical follow-up of workers exposed to lung carcinogens: French evidence-based and pragmatic recommendations. | CEpiA -...
13 Carcinogens
WHO agency: Popular weed killer a probable carcinogen on NewsHub.org
What Carcinogens Are You Avoiding? - Cancer - LONGECITY
Transgenic cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression sensitizes mouse skin for carcinogenesis | PNAS
A Review of Human Carcinogens. D. Radiation - WHO - OMS
Effect of Carcinogens on Tumours | Cancer Council Victoria
bioupdates.co.uk
Another possible carcinogen found in popular sunscreen brands
Nagini, S]
5 Foods With Carcinogens To Avoid Right Now Because Who Needs Em
Carcinogen | Article about carcinogen by The Free Dictionary
Epigenetic carcinogen | Article about epigenetic carcinogen by The Free Dictionary
Carcinogen Classification Systems: Similarities and Differences
Eight substances added by HHS to Report on Carcinogens :: Agrow
The 8 Known Carcinogens That Lurk in Most Of Our Homes | Goop
Comparative effects of dimethylbenz(a)anthacene and a 15% olive-oil diet on cellular components and expression of apoptosis...
Thoughts on JWH-18 carcinogenicity
Thoughts on JWH-18 carcinogenicity
Concerned about working with carcinogens
Home Testing and Human carcinogen -- Iodine-131 - RightDiagnosis.com
Safe handling of carcinogens
Category 3 carcinogens or mixtures containing above 1% of a category 3 carcinogens must be labelled with the risk phrase "R40 ... Category 1 carcinogens are substances known to be carcinogenic to humans. Category 2 carcinogens are substances that should be ... Many carcinogens are used in industry and everyday life, making the safe handling of carcinogens an important consideration. ... By Australian law, carcinogens must also be properly labelled when stored. Category 1 or 2 carcinogens or mixtures containing ...
Carcinogen
Group A1: Confirmed human carcinogen Group A2: Suspected human carcinogen Group A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown ... Co-carcinogens are chemicals that do not necessarily cause cancer on their own but promote the activity of other carcinogens in ... Look up carcinogen in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carcinogens. U.S. National ... Carcinogens are not necessarily immediately toxic; thus, their effect can be insidious. Carcinogens, as mentioned, are agents ...
List of cigarette smoke carcinogens
Carcinogens, Tobacco smoke carcinogens, Chemistry-related lists, Cigarettes, Health-related lists, Lists of ingredients, Health ... According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the following are known human carcinogens found in cigarette ... "About the Report on Carcinogens". Archived from the original on 2013-04-10. Retrieved 2013-04-16. Godwin, W. S.; Subha, V. R.; ...
Co-carcinogen
... Anti-carcinogen Co-carcinogen does not work as the same way of carcinogenic that having the ability to cause ... A co-carcinogen is a chemical that promotes the effects of a carcinogen in the production of cancer. Usually, the term is used ... However, co-carcinogen activates and strengthen the functioning of carcinogenic substance. Co-carcinogens can be a lifestyle ... A chemical may both have anti-carcinogenic properties and yet still be a co-carcinogen in combination with some carcinogens. ...
International Agency for Research on Cancer
The agency has also classified drinking very hot beverages - around 70 °C (158 °F) - as a probable carcinogen (Group 2A). In ... cite web}}: Missing or empty ,title= (help) Ferber D (July 2003). "Carcinogens. Lashed by critics, WHO's cancer agency begins a ... after IARC received numerous requests for lists of known and suspected human carcinogens, its advisory committee recommended ...
Dust collection system
Carcinogens". OSHA. United States Department of Labor. Retrieved 22 January 2021. "Tips to Reduce Dust in Your Home". Center ...
Riddelliine
... is suspected to be a carcinogen. It is listed as an IARC Group 2B carcinogen and listed by the National Toxicology ... 12th Report on Carcinogens Archived 2011-06-25 at the Wayback Machine, National Toxicology Program Chan, Po (December 1993). " ... "Riddelliine" (PDF). Report on Carcinogens. Retrieved 2018-12-04. "Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications". ... IARC Group 2B carcinogens, Alkene derivatives, Diols, Lactones). ... Program in its Report on Carcinogens which lists chemicals " ...
Enema
"Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition". Report on Carcinogens. National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human ... Considered to be a carcinogen its use is limited, e.g., restricted in the UK to patients who already have a diagnosis of ...
Toxaphene
... so the EPA has classified it as a Group B2 carcinogen, meaning it is a probable human carcinogen. The International Agency for ... It is thought to be a potential carcinogen in humans, though this has not yet been proven. Toxaphene is a synthetic organic ... "Toxaphene" (PDF). Report on Carcinogens. National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services. 13. October 2, ... IARC Group 2B carcinogens, Endocrine disruptors, Cycloalkenes, Persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention, ...
Food safety incidents in China
Other carcinogens remain; see 3-MCPD. In 1996, China banned food manufacturers from using Sudan I red dye to color their ... A video about the top 10 most common toxic substances in Chinese food and snacks looked into the use of the carcinogen, sodium ...
Thomas P. Stossel
Phagocytes as carcinogens. Science. 1985; 227:1231-1233. 86. Weitzman SA, Weitberg AB, Niederman R, Stossel TP. Chronic ...
Polystyrene
National Toxicology Program (10 June 2011). "12th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. Archived from the ...
Cancer
These substances are called carcinogens. Tobacco smoke, for example, causes 90% of lung cancer. It also causes cancer in the ... Maltoni CF, Holland JF (2000). "Chapter 16: Physical Carcinogens". In Bast RC, Kufe DW, Pollock RE, et al. (eds.). Holland-Frei ... Tobacco smoke contains over fifty known carcinogens, including nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Tobacco is ... Such environments can include the presence of disruptive substances called carcinogens, repeated physical injury, heat, ...
Formaldehyde
Report on Carcinogens (RoC) changed the listing status of formaldehyde from "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" ... Further information and evaluation of all known data led the IARC to reclassify formaldehyde as a known human carcinogen ... Addendum to the 12th Report on Carcinogens (PDF) National Toxicology Program, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ... In 2011, the US National Toxicology Program described formaldehyde as "known to be a human carcinogen". However, concerns are ...
Causes of cancer
Alcohol is an example of a chemical carcinogen. The World Health Organization has classified alcohol as a Group 1 carcinogen. ... known as carcinogens, have been linked to specific types of cancer. Common examples of non-radioactive carcinogens are inhaled ... This may be partially explained by the presence of carcinogens in food cooked at high temperatures. Several risk factors for ... Maltoni CF, Holland JF (2000). "Chapter 16: Physical Carcinogens". In Bast RC, Kufe DW, Pollock RE, et al. (eds.). Holland-Frei ...
Formaldehyde releaser
In 2011, the US National Toxicology Program described formaldehyde as "known to be a human carcinogen". The danger of ... The American Cancer Society states that although quaternium-15 releases formaldehyde, a known carcinogen in laboratory test ... 39-325, ISBN 978-92-832-1288-1 "Formaldehyde (gas)", Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition Archived 2019-08-06 at the Wayback ... National Toxicology Program (2011-06-10). "12th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. Archived from the original ...
Steven Milloy
11th Report on Carcinogens. U.S. National Institutes of Health. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-07-16. Retrieved 2007- ...
Styrene
... is regarded as a "known carcinogen", especially in case of eye contact, but also in case of skin contact, of ingestion ... "Styrene entry in National Toxicology Program's Thirteenth Report on Carcinogens" (PDF). nih.gov. Archived from the original ( ... National Toxicology Program (10 June 2011). "12th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. Archived from the ... "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen". However, a STATS author describes a review that was done on scientific ...
Health effects of radon
"Known and Probable Carcinogens". American Cancer Society. Retrieved June 26, 2008. "UI professor contributes to WHO's first ... As with the miner data, the same confounding factor of other carcinogens such as dust applies. The largest natural contributor ... ISBN 978-0-7503-0224-1. Darby, S; Hill, D; Doll, R (2005). "Radon: a likely carcinogen at all exposures". Annals of Oncology. ... The study paid close attention to the cohort's levels of smoking, occupational exposure to carcinogens and education attainment ...
Cosmetics
In 2011, the US National Toxicology Program described formaldehyde as "known to be a human carcinogen". The danger of ... National Toxicology Program (2011-06-10). "12th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. Archived from the original ... National Toxicology Program (2011-06-10). "Report On Carcinogens - Twelfth Edition - 2011" (PDF). National Toxicology Program. ... Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition Archived 2019-08-06 at the Wayback Machine (PDF), U.S. Department of Health and Human ...
Tamoxifen
The American Cancer Society lists tamoxifen as a known carcinogen, stating that it increases the risk of some types of uterine ... "Known and Probable Carcinogens". American Cancer Society. 3 February 2006. Archived from the original on 17 March 2008. ... IARC Group 1 carcinogens, Mood stabilizers, Phenol ethers, Prodrugs, Progonadotropins, Selective estrogen receptor modulators, ...
Passive smoking
Several well-established carcinogens have been shown by the tobacco companies' own research to be present at higher ... 219 KB). From the 11th Report on Carcinogens of the U.S. National Institutes of Health U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services ... "Environmental Tobacco Smoke" (PDF). 11th Report on Carcinogens. U.S. National Institutes of Health. Archived (PDF) from the ... Schick, S. F.; Glantz, S. (1 August 2007). "Concentrations of the Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone in ...
1,4-Dioxane
It is also classified by the IARC as a Group 2B carcinogen: possibly carcinogenic to humans because it is a known carcinogen in ... Tenth Report on Carcinogens Archived 1 November 2004 at the Wayback Machine. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ... "12th Report on Carcinogens". United States Department of Health and Human Services' National Toxicology Program. Archived from ... Dioxane is classified by the National Toxicology Program as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen". ...
Fiberglass
In June 2011, the US National Toxicology Program (NTP) removed from its Report on Carcinogens all biosoluble glass wool used in ... However, NTP considers fibrous glass dust to be "reasonably anticipated [as] a human carcinogen (Certain Glass Wool Fibers ( ... "Comments on the National Toxicology Program's Actions In Removing Biosoluble Glass Wool Fibers From The Report On Carcinogens ... ". "13th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. US Dept HHS. 2011. Retrieved 5 Feb 2013. "Fibrous Glass Dust". ...
Benzidine
0051". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). "Known and Probable Carcinogens". American Cancer Society ... IARC Group 1 carcinogens, Forensic chemicals, Biphenyls, Diamines). ...
Heavy metals
Chromium (in its hexavalent form) and arsenic are carcinogens; cadmium causes a degenerative bone disease; and mercury and lead ... a suspected carcinogen); and thallium (central nervous system damage). Heavy metals essential for life can be toxic if taken in ... carcinogens); copper, zinc, selenium and silver (endocrine disruption, congenital disorders, or general toxic effects in fish, ...
DNA adduct
These mutations are caused by carcinogens through external and internal factors. Carcinogens are chemical or physical agents ... In the direct case, a carcinogen can bind to DNA and cause it to distort or become cross-linked. Although DNA repair happens ... Further analysis has been conducted on the topic, determining that 1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a human carcinogen that is found in ... The presence of such an adduct indicates prior exposure to a potential carcinogen, but it does not necessarily indicate the ...
X-ray
"11th Report on Carcinogens". Ntp.niehs.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2010-12-09. Retrieved 2010-11-08. Brenner DJ, ... X-rays are classified as a carcinogen by both the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer and ... IARC Group 1 carcinogens, Ionizing radiation, Medical physics, Radiography, Wilhelm Röntgen, 1895 in science, 1895 in Germany) ...
Heterocyclic amine formation in meat
MeIQ, MeIQx and PhIP were added to the list of anticipated carcinogens in 2004. The Report on Carcinogens stated that MeIQ has ... 13th Report on Carcinogens. "Substances Listed in the Thirteenth Report on Carcinogens" (PDF). Retrieved 2015-05-08. Sugimura, ... "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" in its twelfth Report on Carcinogens, published in 2011. The HCA known as IQ ... Most of the 20 HCAs are more toxic than benzopyrene, a carcinogen found in cigarette smoke and coal tar. MeIQ, IQ and 8-MeIQx ...
Tungsten carbide
"12th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. Archived from the original on 25 June 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2011. ... Cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide is also anticipated to be a human carcinogen by the American National Toxicology Program. A ... Pohanish, Richard P. (2012). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens (6th ed.). Elsevier, Inc. p. ...
All news - ECHA
RAC concluded that the available scientific evidence did not meet the criteria to classify glyphosate as a carcinogen, as a ... CAD/CMRD (OELs) Chemical Agents Directive and Carcinogens or Mutagens Directive Occupational exposure limit (OEL) values are ... RAC concluded that the available scientific evidence did not meet the criteria to classify glyphosate as a carcinogen, as a ... Glyphosate not classified as a carcinogen by ECHA. ECHA/PR/17/06 ... or as a carcinogen, as a mutagen or for reproductive toxicity. ...
Thirteen OSHA-Regulated Carcinogens | NIOSH | CDC
... promulgated standards in 1974 to regulate the industrial use of 13 chemicals identified as potential occupational carcinogens. ... which considers the 13 chemicals to be potential occupational carcinogens. ... promulgated standards in 1974 to regulate the industrial use of 13 chemicals identified as potential occupational carcinogens. ...
Carcinogens Found in Urine of e-Cigarette Users
And more carcinogens must be examined. The current study looked at only five molecules that are considered carcinogenic. ... "No level of exposure to these carcinogens is without risk," Dr Fuller told Medscape Medical News after he discussed the study ... The small study showed that two known carcinogens, otoluidine and 2-naphthylamine, were found in the urine of e-cigarette users ... Cite this: Carcinogens Found in Urine of e-Cigarette Users - Medscape - May 15, 2017. ...
Browsing EMRO Regional Director by Subject "Carcinogens"
Health Effects of Exposure to Substances and Carcinogens | Toxic Substance Portal | ATSDR
Browsing by Subject "Carcinogens"
Popular Sunscreens Have Potential Carcinogen
... saying theyve found evidence of a potential carcinogen. Scientists petitioned the Food and Drug… ... Products made with the chemical may contain benzophenone, a suspected carcinogen that also can interfere with key hormones and ... In May, an independent testing lab found levels of another probable carcinogen, benzene, in several products, leading to some ... Popular Sunscreens Have Potential Carcinogen. by Source on August 12, 2021 · 0 comments ...
Carcinogen News, Research - Page 5
Benzo[a]pyrene is a potent carcinogen and mutagen present in cigarette smoke, automotive exhaust, burnt wood fumes, barbecued ... Researchers identify chemical responsible for carcinogen formation in recycled wastewater Engineers at wastewater recycling ... plants can rest easy knowing that their methods for minimizing the formation of a potent carcinogen are targeting the right ... National Cancer Institute shows that arsenic in drinking water may have one of the longest dormancy periods of any carcinogen. ...
Carcinogens in the Workplace
... , Occupational Exposures Linked to Cancer, Cancer-predisposing Occupational Exposure. ... Carcinogens in the Workplace. Carcinogens in the Workplace Aka: Carcinogens in the Workplace, Occupational Exposures Linked to ... Cancer Prevention Carcinogens in the Workplace Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention DVT Prevention in Travelers N- ... These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Carcinogens in the Workplace." Click on the image (or right ...
The Report on Carcinogens - Competitive Enterprise Institute
The Report on Carcinogens. What Went Wrong and What Can Be Done to Fix It. *Study ... For example, a substance is deemed to be a known carcinogen if the NTP decides that the evidence from human studies is ... The minimum threshold for designation as a known carcinogen is unknown to the public because the NTP never says what is ... By withholding B. 2 Belzer: The Report on Carcinogens from the public the weight of evidence scheme, the NTP preserves the ...
Articles, tagged with "carcinogen"
Rapid Review Quiz: Carcinogens
Fluoride Action Network | Search Results | carcinogen
Sulfuryl fluoride - Fumigant insecticide - CAS No. 2699-79-8 Molecular formula for Sulfuryl Fluoride: Ref: January 23, 2004. Sulfuryl Fluoride; Pesticide Tolerance. 40 CFR Part 180 [OPP-2003-0373; FRL-7342-1]. Final Rule. Federal Register Excerpts from: Table 1.-Subchronic, Chronic, and Other Toxicity Study Guideline Type of Study NOAEL mg/kg/day LOAEL mg/kg/day Based on: None cited 2-Week inhalation […]. ...
Carcinogens in Meat | NutritionFacts.org
What are the eight preparation methods to reduce exposure to carcinogens in cooked meat? ... Republishing "Carcinogens in Meat". × Terms You may republish this material online or in print under our Creative Commons ... Carcinogens in Meat. License Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). Content URL ... Carcinogens in Meat. Michael Greger M.D. FACLM · July 4, 2018 · Volume 42 ...
U.S. environment agency says glyphosate weed killer is not a carcinogen | Reuters
... is not a carcinogen, contradicting decisions by U.S. juries that found it caused cancer in people. ... U.S. environment agency says glyphosate weed killer is not a carcinogen. ... is not a carcinogen, contradicting decisions by U.S. juries that found it caused cancer in people. ... no risks to public health when glyphosate is used in accordance with its current label and that glyphosate is not a carcinogen ...
Carcinogens
Summary Report | CureHunter
Carcinogens: Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA ... Carcinogens. Subscribe to New Research on Carcinogens Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both ... 12/01/1995 - "Rodent mammary tumors induced by chemical carcinogens have proven to be very useful in the genetic analysis of ... 01/01/1975 - "The improvement in the quality of cigarettes, namely the reduction in the amount of carcinogens and its relation ...
New Chemicals Could Be Linked to Breast Cancer-Everyday Carcinogens
Carcinogen Found in Drinking Water - Organic Authority
The Environmental Working Group found the probable carcinogen hexavalent chromium in the drinking water of 31 United States ... The new study found the carcinogen in 31 out of the 35 city samples. Of that, 25 cities exceeded the safe level 0.06 parts per ... Cue Erin Brockovich and the bottled water (kidding!)... the probable carcinogen hexavalent chromium was found in the drinking ... In 2008 the National Institutes of Health deemed the chemical a possible carcinogen. As of now, the federal government ...
Sniffing out carcinogens in foodstuffs
Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes | Tobacco Control
a carcinogen - The Med Guru
'The Mandalorian' hand sanitizer recalled for possible carcinogen | 10tv...
The Ugly Truth: How Trump's EPA Nominee Greenwashed a Carcinogen in Cosmetics | Environmental Working Group
CT Lab Detects Known Carcinogen in Popular Heartburn Medication - NBC Connecticut
Flawed EPA Analysis Rejects Finding That Glyphosate Is a Probable Carcinogen
Traces of possible carcinogen have been found in popular diabetes drug
... a possible carcinogen found in some high blood pressure and heartburn medicines. ... A possible carcinogen found in some blood pressure and heartburn pills has been detected in a widely used diabetes medicine, ... Now traces of a possible carcinogen have been found in a popular diabetes drug. ...
Water Gremlin Company: Minnesota company may have leaked carcinogen TCE into air for years - CBS News
Breathing in high concentrations of the carcinogen has been linked to kidney cancer, liver cancer and lymphoma. It can also ... Minnesota company may have leaked carcinogen TCE into air for years. February 22, 2019 / 5:02 PM. / CBS News ... Company may have leaked carcinogen TCE into air for years 01:45 ...
ExposureBenzeneClassified as a human carcinogenMutagensProbable humanAsbestosExposuresCarcinogenicityOccupational carcinogensChemicalsPotentHuman2022CancerToxicCooked-meat2021Glyphosate is notGaseousRegulationEthyleneSubstancesToxinsEmissionsNDMAHexavalentSearchCanadiansFirefightersChemicalFoundLevelsPotentialReproductiveCancersCarbonProducts
Exposure11
- No level of exposure to these carcinogens is without risk," Dr Fuller told Medscape Medical News after he discussed the study at press conference today at the American Urological Association (AUA) 2017 Annual Meeting. (medscape.com)
- What are the eight preparation methods to reduce exposure to carcinogens in cooked meat? (nutritionfacts.org)
- Rulebook of 8 December 2011 on preventive measures for safe and healthy work during exposure to carcinogens or mutagens. (ilo.org)
- Common shampoos, body washes, shaving lotions, and even makeup were all found to contain a potential carcinogen, according to the health and environment watchdog Silent Spring Institute.Watch the report"This is an invisible source of toxic chemical exposure," said Cynthia Luppi, New England director of Clean Water Action. (wcvb.com)
- For many years at CELA, we have sought diverse policy reforms to prevent or reduce exposure to carcinogens - in the environment and workplaces. (cela.ca)
- CAREX Canada (CARcinogen EXposure) provides a body of knowledge about environmental and occupational exposures to known, probable, and possible carcinogens (i.e., those in class 1, 2A and 2B respectively, within the International Agency for Research on Cancer - IARC categorization system). (cela.ca)
- Framework for calculating lifetime potential excess cancer risk for the Canadian population associated with different carcinogens and exposure pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
- In pursuing its mandated responsibilities, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) must address public health concerns associated with exposure to carcinogens in the context of all available relevant information. (cdc.gov)
- The purpose of the ATSDR Cancer Policy Framework is to define scientifically credible, internally consistent policy positions to guide ATSDR's activities that address the public health implications of exposure to carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
- The authors conducted the present study to evaluate the shape of exposure-response associations between different exposure metrics and lung cancer in this cohort, considering potential confounders (race, plant, professional and short-term work status, and exposure to other lung carcinogens). (bmj.com)
- For exposure to both listed carcinogens and reproductive toxicants. (bernardiparts.com)
Benzene8
- In May', an independent testing lab found levels of another probable carcinogen, benzene, in several products, leading to some recalls. (obrag.org)
- Benzene is a carcinogen, and the other compounds can damage the nervous system. (insideclimatenews.org)
- Apple has banned the use of two known carcinogens, benzene and n-hexane, in the final assembly process of the coming iPhone 6 and its other electronic devices, the Associated Press is reporting . (techlicious.com)
- Benzene, a known carcinogen , was found in 78 of nearly 300 sprays and lotions tested - about 27% - including products sold by Banana Boat and CVS, according to Valisure. (live5news.com)
- Benzene is one of the most studied and concerning human carcinogens known to science. (live5news.com)
- Benzene is a carcinogen that's been found in potentially unsafe levels in 78 different sunscreens and after-care products. (mercola.com)
- Benzene is a known carcinogen linked to blood disorders and leukemia. (pirg.org)
- Benzene is classified as a carcinogen (substance that could potentially cause cancer). (productsafety.gov.au)
Classified as a human carcinogen1
- PAN Europe is extremely disappointed with today's European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) opinion concluding that glyphosate is not classified as a human carcinogen. (gmwatch.org)
Mutagens2
- Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are potent mutagens and carcinogens generated during the heat processing of meat. (bvsalud.org)
- are considered among the most powerful external mutagens, carcinogens. (bvsalud.org)
Probable human3
- 1,4-Dioxane is a petroleum-derived contaminant considered a probable human carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and a definite animal carcinogen by the National Toxicology Program. It is also on California’s Proposition 65 list of chemicals known or suspected by the state to cause cancer or birth defects. (yourlawyer.com)
- Epidemiological studies reported since 2011 at least justify a classification of "probable" human carcinogen. (whsc.on.ca)
- PAHs are an environmental health issue because several are probable human carcinogens and they are toxic to fish and other aquatic life. (yourlawyer.com)
Asbestos2
- Another Group A carcinogen is asbestos. (referenceforbusiness.com)
- Asbestos, moreover, has been recognized by the WHO as a Group IA carcinogen since 1987 and its use was banned in Spain in 2002. (bvsalud.org)
Exposures2
- CAREX Canada offers evidence-based resources on Canadians' exposures carcinogens. (cela.ca)
- This framework reflects an assessment of current practice within the Agency and defines the appropriate roles of conclusions derived by other groups, professional judgment, and emerging scientific principles in ATSDR's public health assessments of exposures to carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
Carcinogenicity1
- The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has determined that diesel exhaust is a potential human carcinogen, based on a combination of chemical, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity data. (cdc.gov)
Occupational carcinogens2
- Without establishing PELs, OSHA promulgated standards in 1974 to regulate the industrial use of 13 chemicals identified as potential occupational carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
- Respirator selections in the Pocket Guide are based on NIOSH policy, which considers the 13 chemicals to be potential occupational carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
Chemicals6
- Current regulatory policy focuses on identifying "complete carcinogens"- chemicals that can cause cancer all by themselves. (healthychild.org)
- It's time to expand our definition of carcinogens from the idea of single chemicals acting alone. (healthychild.org)
- As the President's Cancer Panel pointed out in its 2008-2009 annual report, not only do federal environmental laws leave many known carcinogens completely unregulated but they also "fail to address the potential hazards of being exposed to combinations of chemicals. (healthychild.org)
- These chemicals are called carcinogens. (medlineplus.gov)
- The two primary carcinogens in tobacco smoke are chemicals known as nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (wepapers.com)
- And perhaps even more startling for an environmentally-conscious campus like UVM, which recently banned the sale of plastic water bottles: Cigarette butts - which are non-biodegradable and contain dangerous chemicals and carcinogens, essentially making them toxic waste - are the leading source of litter on the planet. (uvm.edu)
Potent2
- Engineers at wastewater recycling plants can rest easy knowing that their methods for minimizing the formation of a potent carcinogen are targeting the right chemical compound. (news-medical.net)
- Hexavalent chromium is a potent human carcinogen associated with lung cancer when inhaled over long periods of time, typically years to decades, according to a press release. (presstelegram.com)
Human14
- For example, a substance is deemed to be a known carcinogen if the NTP decides that the evidence from human studies is sufficient. (cei.org)
- Thus, a substance is a known human carcinogen if the NTP says the evidence is sufficient. (cei.org)
- Similarly circular logic pervades the definition of a reasonably anticipated human carcinogen. (cei.org)
- The diethanolamine is the part that is the problem, and in the cancer studies, in animals, this caused some tumors in the liver and the kidney," said Rudel.Right now, the International Agency for Research on Cancer lists cocamide DEA as a possible human carcinogen. (wcvb.com)
- Right now, the International Agency for Research on Cancer lists cocamide DEA as a possible human carcinogen. (wcvb.com)
- The presence of this known human carcinogen in products widely recommended for the prevention of skin cancer and that are regularly used by adults and children is very troubling," Light said in the company's statement. (live5news.com)
- The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) first classified RFR as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) in 2011. (whsc.on.ca)
- The EPA calls dioxins 'likely human carcinogens. (cnn.com)
- The EPA has classified metolachlor as a possible human carcinogen. (ewg.org)
- Objectives Beryllium has been identified as a human carcinogen on the basis of animal and epidemiological studies. (bmj.com)
- Beryllium has been designated a known human carcinogen based upon human and animal studies of lung cancer, including recent follow-up of a cohort of US beryllium-processing workers. (bmj.com)
- 1 Toxicological and epidemiological studies have more recently led the International Agency for Research on Cancer to designate beryllium as a human carcinogen. (bmj.com)
- Epidemiology: Currently there is a single study of UK carbon black production workers providing strong (though novel) evidence that carbon black is a late stage human lung carcinogen. (cdc.gov)
- Ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun and by tanning beds is a proven human carcinogen," Hale said. (webmd.com)
20221
- Rapid Review Quiz: Carcinogens - Medscape - May 16, 2022. (medscape.com)
Cancer6
- CHICAGO (Reuters) - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) said on Tuesday that glyphosate, a chemical in many popular weed killers, is not a carcinogen, contradicting decisions by U.S. juries that found it caused cancer in people. (reuters.com)
- The EPA review, which ignored the agency's own guidelines for assessing cancer risks, contradicts a 2015 World Health Organization analysis of published research that determined glyphosate is a probable carcinogen. (biologicaldiversity.org)
- Radon is a known carcinogen causing over 3,000 deaths per year in Canada from radon-induced lung cancer, which is why both CELA and CAREX Canada prioritize it. (cela.ca)
- RÉSUMÉ Afin d'atteindre les objectifs de santé fixés par le pays pour 2011-2016, une analyse qualitative de l'exposition aux facteurs de risque de cancer au Qatar a été conduite en 2013. (who.int)
- Les risques de cancer les plus élevés pour les Qatariens proviendraient de facteurs associés aux modes de vie, en particulier l'obésité, la sédentarité et le tabagisme. (who.int)
- The sentence after says: "It is thought this process causes the formation of carcinogens, which can damage cells in the body and allow cancer to develop. (zoeharcombe.com)
Toxic2
- RAC concluded that the available scientific evidence did not meet the criteria to classify glyphosate as a carcinogen, as a mutagen or as toxic for reproduction. (europa.eu)
- The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) pursues a range of legislatively mandated programs that address public health concerns regarding carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
Cooked-meat1
- They considered both the nitrites in processed meat, as well as these cooked-meat carcinogens. (nutritionfacts.org)
20211
- Carcinogens that until 2021 were not supposed to be present in medicines and carcinogens for which it was subsequently decided to create a regulatory regime for permissible availability. (bvsalud.org)
Glyphosate is not1
- EPA continues to find that there are no risks to public health when glyphosate is used in accordance with its current label and that glyphosate is not a carcinogen," the agency said in a statement. (reuters.com)
Gaseous2
- This is out of the recognition that light clothing probably provides little protection from these "gaseous" carcinogens. (nutritionfacts.org)
- COVINGTON, Ga. (AP) - Georgia's governor is trying to force a medical sterilization facility to temporarily close after it allowed a gaseous carcinogen to leak out last month. (apnews.com)
Regulation3
- This means that it is critical that we get the science and regulation surrounding carcinogens right. (healthychild.org)
- As such, additional evidence would need to be provided to confirm French VOC regulation A+ labelled products are compliant with the BREEAM International New Construction 2016 performance requirements for category 1A and 1B carcinogens. (breeam.com)
- This information includes both technical data as well as science policy positions adopted by the range of organizations with programs germane to the assessment and/or regulation of carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
Ethylene2
- Dioxin (powerful carcinogen), ethylene d. (articlealley.com)
- Among the identified possible carcinogens are those found in dry cleaning products (halogenated organic solvents like methylene chloride), tobacco smoke (ethylene oxide), vehicle exhaust and gasoline (1,3-butadiene), hair and textile dyes (aromatic amines II), burnt food (acrylamide), and grilled meat (heterocyclic amines). (elle.com)
Substances1
- Il s'agit d'une source d'informations unique sur les substances chimiques fabriquées et importées en Europe. (europa.eu)
Toxins1
- During the processing of soy, many additional toxins are formed, including nitrates (which are carcinogens) and a toxin called lysinoalanine. (nourishingourchildren.org)
Emissions2
- The utility is choosing this bromide production despite the fact that other modern, widely-used technologies-such as baghouses-are available to control mercury emissions without causing carcinogens downstream. (southernenvironment.org)
- The metal-finishing company Anaplex Corp. in Paramount was forced to close because of high-level emissions of a carcinogen on Thursday, Oct. 4, for the seventh time since February 2017. (presstelegram.com)
NDMA2
- The FDA has been coordinating a recall of adulterated heart medications since last July, when the carcinogen NDMA was discovered in valsartan manufactured by Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. The contaminated valsartan was sold to a number of major drugmakers and used as an ingredient in other popular cardiovascular therapies. (claimsjournal.com)
- A new study published in the journal Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin shows that storage conditions impact the level of the carcinogen NDMA produced in Zantac. (beasleyallen.com)
Hexavalent1
- the probable carcinogen hexavalent chromium was found in the drinking water of 31 United States cities. (organicauthority.com)
Search1
- These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Carcinogens in the Workplace. (fpnotebook.com)
Canadians1
- They also offer a monthly newsletter called Carcinogens in the News , which features the latest media articles, government reports, and academic literature related to the carcinogens that Canadians may be exposed to. (cela.ca)
Firefighters1
- The firefighters' levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (one of the carcinogens), brominated flame retardants and organophosphate esters were 0.5 to 8.5 times higher in the bands they wore while on duty than in those worn off duty. (firechief.com)
Chemical3
- Products made with the chemical may contain benzophenone, a suspected carcinogen that also can interfere with key hormones and reproductive organs, according to a group led by Craig Downs, executive director of the nonprofit Haereticus Environmental Laboratory', which studies risks to health and the environment. (obrag.org)
- In 2008 the National Institutes of Health deemed the chemical a possible carcinogen. (organicauthority.com)
- On behalf of the chemical industry, Dourson has repeatedly sought to weaken safety standards for PFOA , a carcinogen formerly used to make Teflon, and perchlorate , a jet fuel chemical that hinders the development of babies' brains. (ewg.org)
Found9
- The investigators examined study participants' urine for three other carcinogens - benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, and 1- hydroxypyrene - but found no significant findings for these molecules. (medscape.com)
- Researchers asked U.S. regulators to pull some sunscreens from the market, including brands such as Coppertone, Banana Boat and Neutrogena, saying they've found evidence of a potential carcinogen. (obrag.org)
- The new study found the carcinogen in 31 out of the 35 city samples. (organicauthority.com)
- But, a separate EWG analysis also found that thousands of shampoos, soaps, lotions, sunscreens, toothpastes and cosmetics may also include the possible carcinogen. (ewg.org)
- A possible carcinogen found in some blood pressure and heartburn pills has been detected in a widely used diabetes medicine, prompting health officials in Singapore to recall three drugs and European regulators to ask manufacturers to test their medicines. (statnews.com)
- Other carcinogens, NDEA and NMBA, have been found in the drugs as well. (claimsjournal.com)
- Zhejiang Huahai didn't make all of the valsartan found to be tainted, though carcinogen levels were highest in its drugs, according to the FDA. (claimsjournal.com)
- Common shampoos, body washes, shaving lotions, and even makeup were all found to contain a potential carcinogen, according to the health and environment watchdog Silent Spring Institute. (wcvb.com)
- But products like Neutrogena's Ultra Sheer Dry-Touch Sunscreen Lotion SPF 30 and Oil-free Facial Moisturizer with Sunscreen SPF 15 were not found to contain the carcinogen. (live5news.com)
Levels2
- Press conference moderator, Sam Chang, MD, a urologist from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, wondered whether there was a correlation between frequency of e-cigarette use and urine levels of the carcinogens. (medscape.com)
- Local water utilities will now be able to better determine if their water carries potentially troubling levels of this carcinogen and get that information out to the public quickly," said Environmental Working Group senior vice president for research Jane Houlihan. (organicauthority.com)
Potential2
- Dozens of lawsuits have been filed against drug makers and sellers over widely prescribed generic heart medications tainted with potential carcinogens, the first claims in what some lawyers expect to be a wave of litigation. (claimsjournal.com)
- 2000), but these studies are not considered here because of the difficulties of controlling for all potential lung carcinogens in the rubber industry. (who.int)
Reproductive1
- This shampoo is free of parabens (which can disrupt the reproductive system), sodium lauryl (an irritant and pollutant), phthalate (a possible carcinogen and hormone disrupter), and butylene glycol (a preservative). (healthytippingpoint.com)
Cancers2
- Induction of the carcinogen-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) is a key step in the development of tobacco-related cancers. (erowid.org)
- 17. Salaspuro, M. Acetaldehyde as a common denominator and cumulative carcinogen in digestive tract cancers. (bvsalud.org)
Carbon1
- Ideally, at least one further test of the hypothesis that carbon black is a late stage lung carcinogen is also required. (cdc.gov)
Products1
- No environmentally harmful products or carcinogens are utilized in production. (sewingmachine.com)