Carcinogens. Medical search

Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.

A class of compounds that contain a -NH2 and a -NO radical. Many members of this group have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.

A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.

A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.

Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.

A class of chemicals that contain an anthracene ring with a naphthalene ring attached to it.

The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.

Tests to experimentally measure the tumor-producing/cancer cell-producing potency of an agent by administering the agent (e.g., benzanthracenes) and observing the quantity of tumors or the cell transformation developed over a given period of time. The carcinogenicity value is usually measured as milligrams of agent administered per tumor developed. Though this test differs from the DNA-repair and bacterial microsome MUTAGENICITY TESTS, researchers often attempt to correlate the finding of carcinogenicity values and mutagenicity values.

An alkylating agent that forms DNA ADDUCTS at the C-8 position in GUANINE, resulting in single strand breaks. It has demonstrated carcinogenic action.

7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.

Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential. They include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests.

A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.

The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.

Biphenyl compounds substituted in any position by one or more amino groups. Permitted are any substituents except fused rings.

A potent mutagen and carcinogen. This compound and its metabolite 4-HYDROXYAMINOQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE bind to nucleic acids. It inactivates bacteria but not bacteriophage.

7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

Four fused benzyl rings with three linear and one angular, that can be viewed as a benzyl-phenanthrenes. Compare with NAPHTHACENES which are four linear rings.

A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.

Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.

Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.

A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.

A very potent liver carcinogen.

A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound "may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen." (Merck, 11th ed)

A family of diphenylenemethane derivatives.

Experimentally induced tumors of the LIVER.

A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.

A N-hydroxylated derivative of 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE that has demonstrated carcinogenic action.

1,2-Benzphenanthrenes. POLYCYCLIC COMPOUNDS obtained from coal tar.

Quinolines substituted in any position by one or more nitro groups.

A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.

A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.

Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.

Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.

A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.

Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mechanism involved.

Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Benzopyrenes saturated in any two adjacent positions and substituted with two hydroxyl groups in any position. The majority of these compounds have carcinogenic or mutagenic activity.

Furano-furano-benzopyrans that are produced by ASPERGILLUS from STERIGMATOCYSTIN. They are structurally related to COUMARINS and easily oxidized to an epoxide form to become ALKYLATING AGENTS. Members of the group include AFLATOXIN B1; aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2; AFLATOXIN M1; and aflatoxin M2.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Urethane is suspected to be a carcinogen.

A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)

Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.

A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.

A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from ACETYL-COA to arylamines. It can also catalyze acetyl transfer between arylamines without COENZYME A and has a wide specificity for aromatic amines, including SEROTONIN. However, arylamine N-acetyltransferase should not be confused with the enzyme ARYLALKYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE which is also referred to as SEROTONIN ACETYLTRANSFERASE.

Very toxic industrial chemicals. They are absorbed through the skin, causing lethal blood, bladder, liver, and kidney damage and are potent, broad-spectrum carcinogens in most species.

A liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase capable of biotransforming xenobiotics such as polycyclic hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons into carcinogenic or mutagenic compounds. They have been found in mammals and fish. This enzyme, encoded by CYP1A1 gene, can be measured by using ethoxyresorufin as a substrate for the ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity.

Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.

Reduction of pharmacologic activity or toxicity of a drug or other foreign substance by a living system, usually by enzymatic action. It includes those metabolic transformations that make the substance more soluble for faster renal excretion.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).

An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.

Experimentally induced mammary neoplasms in animals to provide a model for studying human BREAST NEOPLASMS.

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.

The aglycone of CYCASIN. It acts as a potent carcinogen and neurotoxin and inhibits hepatic DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis.

Hydrazines substituted by one or more methyl groups in any position.

A cytochrome P450 enzyme subtype that has specificity for relatively planar heteroaromatic small molecules, such as CAFFEINE and ACETAMINOPHEN.

A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.

A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A highly poisonous compound used widely in the manufacture of plastics, adhesives and synthetic rubber.

A large group of cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) monooxygenases that complex with NAD(P)H-FLAVIN OXIDOREDUCTASE in numerous mixed-function oxidations of aromatic compounds. They catalyze hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of substrates and are important in the metabolism of steroids, drugs, and toxins such as PHENOBARBITAL, carcinogens, and insecticides.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.

A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.

Organic compounds with the general formula R-NCS.

A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases.

A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.

Derivatives of GLUCURONIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the 6-carboxy glucose structure.

Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.

A nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.

Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.

Disinfectant used in vapor form to sterilize vaccines, grafts, etc. The vapor is very irritating and the liquid form is carcinogenic.

A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for SMOKING.

Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein.

A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.

The art or practice of preparing food. It includes the preparation of special foods for diets in various diseases.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON.

The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.

Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.

Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.

An ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 enzyme that metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Substrates include ETHANOL; INHALATION ANESTHETICS; BENZENE; ACETAMINOPHEN and other low molecular weight compounds. CYP2E1 has been used as an enzyme marker in the study of alcohol abuse.

Mixture of 2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenols that is used as an antioxidant in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

The covalent bonding of an alkyl group to an organic compound. It can occur by a simple addition reaction or by substitution of another functional group.

Used in the form of its salts as a dye and as an intermediate in manufacture of Acid Yellow, diazo dyes, and indulines.

A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.

A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794)

Inorganic salts or organic esters of arsenious acid.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS.

The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.

A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES).

A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.

Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.

A colorless, odorless, highly water soluble vinyl monomer formed from the hydration of acrylonitrile. It is primarily used in research laboratories for electrophoresis, chromatography, and electron microscopy and in the sewage and wastewater treatment industries.

An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.

Tumor suppressor genes located on the short arm of human chromosome 17 and coding for the phosphoprotein p53.

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)

A flavoprotein that reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of NADH or NADPH by various quinones and oxidation-reduction dyes. The enzyme is inhibited by dicoumarol, capsaicin, and caffeine.

A potent nitrofuran derivative tumor initiator. It causes bladder tumors in all animals studied and is mutagenic to many bacteria.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Carcinogenic nitrosamine that may be formed from preservatives in meats during their preparation or in the liver during metabolism.

Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.

Induction and quantitative measurement of chromosomal damage leading to the formation of micronuclei (MICRONUCLEI, CHROMOSOME-DEFECTIVE) in cells which have been exposed to genotoxic agents or IONIZING RADIATION.

An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

Nitro-phenanthrenes occurring in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE and other plants. They derive from stephanine (APORPHINES) by oxidative ring cleavage. The nitro group is a reactive alkylator (ALKYLATING AGENTS) that binds to biological macromolecules. Ingestion by humans is associated with nephropathy (NEPHRITIS). There is no relationship to the similar named aristolochene (SESQUITERPENES).

Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A group of compounds that are derivatives of methoxybenzene and contain the general formula R-C7H7O.

A di-tert-butyl PHENOL with antioxidant properties.

A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced mutations independently of the mechanism involved.

Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.

A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).

A group of condensed ring hydrocarbons.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Contamination of the air by tobacco smoke.

Aromatic diamine used in the plastics industry as curing agent for epoxy resins and urethane rubbers. It causes bladder, liver, lung, and other neoplasms.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Plants or plant parts which are harmful to man or other animals.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

A family of enzymes accepting a wide range of substrates, including phenols, alcohols, amines, and fatty acids. They function as drug-metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of UDPglucuronic acid to a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. EC 2.4.1.17.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.

Tumors, cancer or other neoplasms produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.

Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Asbestos. Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements. It is relatively inert chemically and used in thermal insulation and fireproofing. Inhalation of dust causes asbestosis and later lung and gastrointestinal neoplasms.

Inorganic compounds that contain sodium as an integral part of the molecule.

Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.

Enzymes that catalyze reversibly the formation of an epoxide or arene oxide from a glycol or aromatic diol, respectively.

Products of the hydrolysis of chlorophylls in which the phytic acid side chain has been removed and the carboxylic acids saponified.

A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

A chemical by-product that results from burning or incinerating chlorinated industrial chemicals and other hydrocarbons. This compound is considered an environmental toxin, and may pose reproductive, as well as, other health risks for animals and humans.

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

An enzyme, sometimes called GGT, with a key role in the synthesis and degradation of GLUTATHIONE; (GSH, a tripeptide that protects cells from many toxins). It catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid.

Organic derivatives of thiocyanic acid which contain the general formula R-SCN.

Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.

Procedures, such as TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES; mathematical models; etc., when used or advocated for use in place of the use of animals in research or diagnostic laboratories.

Isocoumarins found in ASPERGILLUS OCHRACEUS and other FUNGI. Ochratoxin contaminated FOOD has been responsible for cases of FOODBORNE DISEASES.

A musculomembranous sac along the URINARY TRACT. URINE flows from the KIDNEYS into the bladder via the ureters (URETER), and is held there until URINATION.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases.

Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.

Tumors or cancer of the NOSE.

Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

An exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chromatids of a meiotic tetrad or between the sister chromatids of a duplicated somatic chromosome. Its frequency is increased by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation and other mutagenic agents and is particularly high in BLOOM SYNDROME.

MAMMARY GLANDS in the non-human MAMMALS.

Exchange of substances between the maternal blood and the fetal blood at the PLACENTA via PLACENTAL CIRCULATION. The placental barrier excludes microbial or viral transmission.

The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and biological action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations.

The use of chemical compounds to prevent the development of a specific disease.

An arsenical that has been used as a dermatologic agent and as an herbicide.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Defective nuclei produced during the TELOPHASE of MITOSIS or MEIOSIS by lagging CHROMOSOMES or chromosome fragments derived from spontaneous or experimentally induced chromosomal structural changes.

Hydrazine substituted by one methyl group.

A genotoxicological technique for measuring DNA damage in an individual cell using single-cell gel electrophoresis. Cell DNA fragments assume a "comet with tail" formation on electrophoresis and are detected with an image analysis system. Alkaline assay conditions facilitate sensitive detection of single-strand damage.

Viscous materials composed of complex, high-molecular-weight compounds derived from the distillation of petroleum or the destructive distillation of wood or coal. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Ring compounds having atoms other than carbon in their nuclei. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.

The maximum exposure to a biologically active physical or chemical agent that is allowed during an 8-hour period (a workday) in a population of workers, or during a 24-hour period in the general population, which does not appear to cause appreciable harm, whether immediate or delayed for any period, in the target population. (From Lewis Dictionary of Toxicology, 1st ed)

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A group of pyrido-indole compounds. Included are any points of fusion of pyridine with the five-membered ring of indole and any derivatives of these compounds. These are similar to CARBAZOLES which are benzo-indoles.

A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. It also causes PARATYPHOID FEVER.

A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.

2-Amino-4-(ethylthio)butyric acid. An antimetabolite and methionine antagonist that interferes with amino acid incorporation into proteins and with cellular ATP utilization. It also produces liver neoplasms.

Elements, compounds, mixtures, or solutions that are considered severely harmful to human health and the environment. They include substances that are toxic, corrosive, flammable, or explosive.

An investigation into the binding of the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one to DNA in vitro. (1/6863)

After metabolic activation the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-[3H]methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one binds to DNA in vitro, and this binding is prevented by 7,8-benzoflavone. Radioactivity cannot be removed from the DNA with organic solvents or by chromatography on Sephadex G-50, even after heat denaturation of the DNA. Enzymatic hydrolysis yields radioactive fractions, which elute from a column of Sephadex LH-20 immediately after the natural nucleosides. At least two species of reactive metabolites are involved in this bending, those with a half-life of a few hr and others with greater stability. After extraction from the aqueous incubation mixture, they could be detected in discrete polar fractions from separations of the complex metabolite mixture by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Their ability to bind to DNA decreased with time at ambient temperature, and they were rapidly deactivated by acid. 7,8-Benzolflavone acted by suppressing the formation of polar metabolites derived from enzymatic oxidation of the aromatic double bonds. The inhibitor had no effect on the enzymes hydroxylating saturated carbon; hence it is unlikely that metabolism of the methyl group is important in conversion of this carcinogen to its proximate form, although the presence of the 11-methyl group is essential for carcinogenic activity in this series. (+info)

Effect of hepatocarcinogens on the binding of glucocorticoid-receptor complex in rat liver nuclei. (2/6863)

The effects of a number of carcinogens and hepatotoxins on the binding kinetics of the interactions of glucocorticoidcytosol receptor complex with nuclear acceptor sites in rat liver were investigated. Both the apparent sites in rat liver were investigated. Both the apparent concentration of nuclear binding sites and the Kd were significantly diminished following treatment of rats with sublethal doses of the carcinogens aflatoxin B1, diethylnitrosamine, dimethylnitrosamine, thioacetamide, 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, and 3-methylcholanthrene. Treatment with actinomycin D resulted in a slight reduction in the apparent concentration of nuclear acceptor sites but had no effect on the nuclear binding Kd. The hepatotoxic but noncarcinogenic analgesic, acetaminophen, as well as the weakly toxic aflatoxin B1 cognate, aflatoxin B2, were without effect on the kinetics or binding capacity of glucocorticoid-nuclear acceptor site interaction. These experiments suggest that chemically induced alteration of functional glucocorticoid binding sites on chromatin may be involved in the biochemical effects produced in liver by carcinogens of several chemical types. This experimental model may provide a useful approach for further elucidation of early events in carcinogenesis. (+info)

Assaying potential carcinogens with Drosophila. (3/6863)

Drosophila offers many advantages for the detection of mutagenic activity of carcinogenic agents. It provides the quickest assay system for detecting mutations in animals today. Its generation time is short, and Drosophila is cheap and easy to breed in large numbers. The simple genetic testing methods give unequivocal answers about the whole spectrum of relevant genetic damage. A comparison of the detection capacity of assays sampling different kinds of genetic damage revealed that various substances are highly effective in inducing mutations but do not produce chromosome breakage effects at all, or only at much higher concentrations than those required for mutation induction. Of the different assay systems available, the classical sex-linked recessive lethal test deserves priority, in view of its superior capacity to detect mutagens. Of practical importance is also its high sensitivity, because a large number of loci in one fifth of the genome is tested for newly induced forward mutations, including small deletions. The recent findings that Drosophila is capable of carrying out the same metabolic activation reactions as the mammalian liver makes the organism eminently suitable for verifying results obtained in prescreening with fast microbial assay systems. An additional advantage in this respect is the capacity of Drosophila for detecting short-lived activation products, because intracellular metabolic activation appears to occur within the spermatids and spermatocytes. (+info)

Carcinogenicity of triethanolamine in mice and its mutagenicity after reaction with sodium nitrite in bacteria. (4/6863)

Mice fed a diet containing 0.3 or 0.03% triethanolamine developed malignant tumors. Females showed a high incidence of tumors in lymphoid tissues, while this type was absent in males. Tumors in other tissues were produced at a considerable rate in both sexes, but no hepatoma was found. Triethanolamine was not mutagenic to Bacillus subtilis by itself, but it became mutagenic after reacting with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions or when the mixture was heated. Although N-nitrosodiethanolamine, a known carcinogen and mutagen, was detected in the reaction mixture by thin-layer chromatography, it may not be the main mutagenic product, because the product was a stable and direct mutagen and its mutagenic activity was destroyed by liver enzymes, unlike N-nitrosodiethanolamine. The lethal and mutagenic DNA damages produced by this unidentified product were susceptible to some extent to the repair functions of the bacteria. (+info)

The five amino acid-deleted isoform of hepatocyte growth factor promotes carcinogenesis in transgenic mice. (5/6863)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a polypeptide with mitogenic, motogenic, and morphogenic effects on different cell types including hepatocytes. HGF is expressed as two biologically active isotypes resulting from alternative RNA splicing. The roles of each HGF isoform in development, liver regeneration and tumorigenesis have not yet been well characterized. We report the generation and analysis of transgenic mice overexpressing the five amino acid-deleted variant of HGF (dHGF) in the liver by virtue of an albumin expression vector. These ALB-dHGF transgenic mice develop normally, have an enhanced rate of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, and exhibit a threefold higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond 17 months of age. Moreover, overexpression of dHGF dramatically accelerates diethyl-nitrosamine induced HCC tumorigenesis. These tumors arise faster, are significantly larger, more numerous and more invasive than those appearing in non-transgenic littermates. Approximately 90% of female dHGF-transgenic mice had multiple macroscopic HCCs 40 weeks after injection of DEN; whereas the non-transgenic counterparts had only microscopic nodules. Liver tumors and cultured tumor cell lines from dHGF transgenics showed high levels of HGF and c-Met mRNA and protein. Together, these results reveal that in vivo dHGF plays an active role in liver regeneration and HCC tumorigenesis. (+info)

Expression of dominant negative Erk2 inhibits AP-1 transactivation and neoplastic transformation. (6/6863)

The mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases or extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erks) are activated in response to Ras expression or exposure to tumor promoters or to growth factors, and have been implicated in AP-1 transactivation in some models. We have shown that tumor promoter induced activation of the transcription factor AP-1 is required for induced neoplastic transformation in the Balb/C JB6 cell model. Jun and Fos family protein levels have been found not to be limiting for AP-1 response. The present study asks whether activation of Erks1 and 2 is required for AP-1 transactivation and transformation of JB6 cells and whether Erks might be targeted for cancer prevention. Expression of either of two different dominant negative kinase inactive Erk2 mutants in transformation sensitive (P+) JB6 cells substantially inhibited the tumor promoter induced activation of Erks1 and 2 and of AP-1 measured by a collagenase-luciferase reporter. Multiple mutant Erk2 expressing clonal lines were also rendered non-responsive to induced neoplastic transformation. These observations, together with our recent finding attributing AP-1 non-responsiveness to Erk deficiency in a clonal line of transformation resistant (P-) cells, argue for a requirement for Erks1 and/or 2 activation in AP-1 transactivation in the mouse JB6 neoplastic progression model, and suggest the utility of Erks as a prevention target. (+info)

Carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation regulates the function and subcellular localization of protein kinase C betaII. (7/6863)

Protein kinase C is processed by three phosphorylation events before it is competent to respond to second messengers. Specifically, the enzyme is first phosphorylated at the activation loop by another kinase, followed by two ordered autophosphorylations at the carboxyl terminus (Keranen, L. M., Dutil, E. M., and Newton, A. C. (1995) Curr. Biol. 5, 1394-1403). This study examines the role of negative charge at the first conserved carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation position, Thr-641, in regulating the function and subcellular localization of protein kinase C betaII. Mutation of this residue to Ala results in compensating phosphorylations at adjacent sites, so that a triple Ala mutant was required to address the function of phosphate at Thr-641. Biochemical and immunolocalization analyses of phosphorylation site mutants reveal that negative charge at this position is required for the following: 1) to process catalytically competent protein kinase C; 2) to allow autophosphorylation of Ser-660; 3) for cytosolic localization of protein kinase C; and 4) to permit phorbol ester-dependent membrane translocation. Thus, phosphorylation of Thr-641 in protein kinase C betaII is essential for both the catalytic function and correct subcellular localization of protein kinase C. The conservation of this residue in every protein kinase C isozyme, as well as other members of the kinase superfamily such as protein kinase A, suggests that carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation serves as a key molecular switch for defining kinase function. (+info)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARS) and carcinogenesis. (8/6863)

Peroxisome proliferators (PPs) are an important group of chemicals that include certain hypolipidemic drugs, plasticizers and pollutants. Many of these agents are known rodent liver tumor promoters and debate exists as to whether humans are at increased cancer risk following exposure to PPs. Research over the last decade has focused on determining the biochemical and molecular mechanisms by which peroxisome proliferators exert their effects, in the hope that this controversy will be settled. PPs regulate gene expression via a steroid hormone receptor, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). At least three subtypes of PPAR (alpha, beta and gamma) have been cloned from several species, including humans. These receptors have been implicated in tumor promotion, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. In the present article, the current understanding of how PPARs are involved in tumorigenesis, and what this may mean to human risk assessment, will be discussed. (+info)

Category 3 carcinogens or mixtures containing above 1% of a category 3 carcinogens must be labelled with the risk phrase "R40 ... Category 1 carcinogens are substances known to be carcinogenic to humans. Category 2 carcinogens are substances that should be ... Many carcinogens are used in industry and everyday life, making the safe handling of carcinogens an important consideration. ... By Australian law, carcinogens must also be properly labelled when stored. Category 1 or 2 carcinogens or mixtures containing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_handling_of_carcinogens

Group A1: Confirmed human carcinogen Group A2: Suspected human carcinogen Group A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown ... Co-carcinogens are chemicals that do not necessarily cause cancer on their own but promote the activity of other carcinogens in ... Look up carcinogen in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carcinogens. U.S. National ... Carcinogens are not necessarily immediately toxic; thus, their effect can be insidious. Carcinogens, as mentioned, are agents ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogen

Carcinogens, Tobacco smoke carcinogens, Chemistry-related lists, Cigarettes, Health-related lists, Lists of ingredients, Health ... According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the following are known human carcinogens found in cigarette ... "About the Report on Carcinogens". Archived from the original on 2013-04-10. Retrieved 2013-04-16. Godwin, W. S.; Subha, V. R.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cigarette_smoke_carcinogens

... Anti-carcinogen Co-carcinogen does not work as the same way of carcinogenic that having the ability to cause ... A co-carcinogen is a chemical that promotes the effects of a carcinogen in the production of cancer. Usually, the term is used ... However, co-carcinogen activates and strengthen the functioning of carcinogenic substance. Co-carcinogens can be a lifestyle ... A chemical may both have anti-carcinogenic properties and yet still be a co-carcinogen in combination with some carcinogens. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-carcinogen

The agency has also classified drinking very hot beverages - around 70 °C (158 °F) - as a probable carcinogen (Group 2A). In ... cite web}}: Missing or empty ,title= (help) Ferber D (July 2003). "Carcinogens. Lashed by critics, WHO's cancer agency begins a ... after IARC received numerous requests for lists of known and suspected human carcinogens, its advisory committee recommended ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer

Carcinogens". OSHA. United States Department of Labor. Retrieved 22 January 2021. "Tips to Reduce Dust in Your Home". Center ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_collection_system

... is suspected to be a carcinogen. It is listed as an IARC Group 2B carcinogen and listed by the National Toxicology ... 12th Report on Carcinogens Archived 2011-06-25 at the Wayback Machine, National Toxicology Program Chan, Po (December 1993). " ... "Riddelliine" (PDF). Report on Carcinogens. Retrieved 2018-12-04. "Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications". ... IARC Group 2B carcinogens, Alkene derivatives, Diols, Lactones). ... Program in its Report on Carcinogens which lists chemicals " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riddelliine

"Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition". Report on Carcinogens. National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human ... Considered to be a carcinogen its use is limited, e.g., restricted in the UK to patients who already have a diagnosis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enema

... so the EPA has classified it as a Group B2 carcinogen, meaning it is a probable human carcinogen. The International Agency for ... It is thought to be a potential carcinogen in humans, though this has not yet been proven. Toxaphene is a synthetic organic ... "Toxaphene" (PDF). Report on Carcinogens. National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services. 13. October 2, ... IARC Group 2B carcinogens, Endocrine disruptors, Cycloalkenes, Persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxaphene

Other carcinogens remain; see 3-MCPD. In 1996, China banned food manufacturers from using Sudan I red dye to color their ... A video about the top 10 most common toxic substances in Chinese food and snacks looked into the use of the carcinogen, sodium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_safety_incidents_in_China

Phagocytes as carcinogens. Science. 1985; 227:1231-1233. 86. Weitzman SA, Weitberg AB, Niederman R, Stossel TP. Chronic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_P._Stossel

National Toxicology Program (10 June 2011). "12th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. Archived from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrene

These substances are called carcinogens. Tobacco smoke, for example, causes 90% of lung cancer. It also causes cancer in the ... Maltoni CF, Holland JF (2000). "Chapter 16: Physical Carcinogens". In Bast RC, Kufe DW, Pollock RE, et al. (eds.). Holland-Frei ... Tobacco smoke contains over fifty known carcinogens, including nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Tobacco is ... Such environments can include the presence of disruptive substances called carcinogens, repeated physical injury, heat, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer

Report on Carcinogens (RoC) changed the listing status of formaldehyde from "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" ... Further information and evaluation of all known data led the IARC to reclassify formaldehyde as a known human carcinogen ... Addendum to the 12th Report on Carcinogens (PDF) National Toxicology Program, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ... In 2011, the US National Toxicology Program described formaldehyde as "known to be a human carcinogen". However, concerns are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaldehyde

Alcohol is an example of a chemical carcinogen. The World Health Organization has classified alcohol as a Group 1 carcinogen. ... known as carcinogens, have been linked to specific types of cancer. Common examples of non-radioactive carcinogens are inhaled ... This may be partially explained by the presence of carcinogens in food cooked at high temperatures. Several risk factors for ... Maltoni CF, Holland JF (2000). "Chapter 16: Physical Carcinogens". In Bast RC, Kufe DW, Pollock RE, et al. (eds.). Holland-Frei ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_cancer

In 2011, the US National Toxicology Program described formaldehyde as "known to be a human carcinogen". The danger of ... The American Cancer Society states that although quaternium-15 releases formaldehyde, a known carcinogen in laboratory test ... 39-325, ISBN 978-92-832-1288-1 "Formaldehyde (gas)", Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition Archived 2019-08-06 at the Wayback ... National Toxicology Program (2011-06-10). "12th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. Archived from the original ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaldehyde_releaser

11th Report on Carcinogens. U.S. National Institutes of Health. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-07-16. Retrieved 2007- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Milloy

... is regarded as a "known carcinogen", especially in case of eye contact, but also in case of skin contact, of ingestion ... "Styrene entry in National Toxicology Program's Thirteenth Report on Carcinogens" (PDF). nih.gov. Archived from the original ( ... National Toxicology Program (10 June 2011). "12th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. Archived from the ... "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen". However, a STATS author describes a review that was done on scientific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrene

"Known and Probable Carcinogens". American Cancer Society. Retrieved June 26, 2008. "UI professor contributes to WHO's first ... As with the miner data, the same confounding factor of other carcinogens such as dust applies. The largest natural contributor ... ISBN 978-0-7503-0224-1. Darby, S; Hill, D; Doll, R (2005). "Radon: a likely carcinogen at all exposures". Annals of Oncology. ... The study paid close attention to the cohort's levels of smoking, occupational exposure to carcinogens and education attainment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_radon

In 2011, the US National Toxicology Program described formaldehyde as "known to be a human carcinogen". The danger of ... National Toxicology Program (2011-06-10). "12th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. Archived from the original ... National Toxicology Program (2011-06-10). "Report On Carcinogens - Twelfth Edition - 2011" (PDF). National Toxicology Program. ... Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition Archived 2019-08-06 at the Wayback Machine (PDF), U.S. Department of Health and Human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmetics

The American Cancer Society lists tamoxifen as a known carcinogen, stating that it increases the risk of some types of uterine ... "Known and Probable Carcinogens". American Cancer Society. 3 February 2006. Archived from the original on 17 March 2008. ... IARC Group 1 carcinogens, Mood stabilizers, Phenol ethers, Prodrugs, Progonadotropins, Selective estrogen receptor modulators, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamoxifen

Several well-established carcinogens have been shown by the tobacco companies' own research to be present at higher ... 219 KB). From the 11th Report on Carcinogens of the U.S. National Institutes of Health U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services ... "Environmental Tobacco Smoke" (PDF). 11th Report on Carcinogens. U.S. National Institutes of Health. Archived (PDF) from the ... Schick, S. F.; Glantz, S. (1 August 2007). "Concentrations of the Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_smoking

It is also classified by the IARC as a Group 2B carcinogen: possibly carcinogenic to humans because it is a known carcinogen in ... Tenth Report on Carcinogens Archived 1 November 2004 at the Wayback Machine. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ... "12th Report on Carcinogens". United States Department of Health and Human Services' National Toxicology Program. Archived from ... Dioxane is classified by the National Toxicology Program as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,4-Dioxane

In June 2011, the US National Toxicology Program (NTP) removed from its Report on Carcinogens all biosoluble glass wool used in ... However, NTP considers fibrous glass dust to be "reasonably anticipated [as] a human carcinogen (Certain Glass Wool Fibers ( ... "Comments on the National Toxicology Program's Actions In Removing Biosoluble Glass Wool Fibers From The Report On Carcinogens ... ". "13th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. US Dept HHS. 2011. Retrieved 5 Feb 2013. "Fibrous Glass Dust". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberglass

0051". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). "Known and Probable Carcinogens". American Cancer Society ... IARC Group 1 carcinogens, Forensic chemicals, Biphenyls, Diamines). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzidine

Chromium (in its hexavalent form) and arsenic are carcinogens; cadmium causes a degenerative bone disease; and mercury and lead ... a suspected carcinogen); and thallium (central nervous system damage). Heavy metals essential for life can be toxic if taken in ... carcinogens); copper, zinc, selenium and silver (endocrine disruption, congenital disorders, or general toxic effects in fish, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals

These mutations are caused by carcinogens through external and internal factors. Carcinogens are chemical or physical agents ... In the direct case, a carcinogen can bind to DNA and cause it to distort or become cross-linked. Although DNA repair happens ... Further analysis has been conducted on the topic, determining that 1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a human carcinogen that is found in ... The presence of such an adduct indicates prior exposure to a potential carcinogen, but it does not necessarily indicate the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_adduct

"11th Report on Carcinogens". Ntp.niehs.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2010-12-09. Retrieved 2010-11-08. Brenner DJ, ... X-rays are classified as a carcinogen by both the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer and ... IARC Group 1 carcinogens, Ionizing radiation, Medical physics, Radiography, Wilhelm Röntgen, 1895 in science, 1895 in Germany) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray

MeIQ, MeIQx and PhIP were added to the list of anticipated carcinogens in 2004. The Report on Carcinogens stated that MeIQ has ... 13th Report on Carcinogens. "Substances Listed in the Thirteenth Report on Carcinogens" (PDF). Retrieved 2015-05-08. Sugimura, ... "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" in its twelfth Report on Carcinogens, published in 2011. The HCA known as IQ ... Most of the 20 HCAs are more toxic than benzopyrene, a carcinogen found in cigarette smoke and coal tar. MeIQ, IQ and 8-MeIQx ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterocyclic_amine_formation_in_meat

"12th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. Archived from the original on 25 June 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2011. ... Cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide is also anticipated to be a human carcinogen by the American National Toxicology Program. A ... Pohanish, Richard P. (2012). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens (6th ed.). Elsevier, Inc. p. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten_carbide

RAC concluded that the available scientific evidence did not meet the criteria to classify glyphosate as a carcinogen, as a ... CAD/CMRD (OELs) Chemical Agents Directive and Carcinogens or Mutagens Directive Occupational exposure limit (OEL) values are ... RAC concluded that the available scientific evidence did not meet the criteria to classify glyphosate as a carcinogen, as a ... Glyphosate not classified as a carcinogen by ECHA. ECHA/PR/17/06 ... or as a carcinogen, as a mutagen or for reproductive toxicity. ...

https://echa.europa.eu/-/glyphosate-not-classified-as-a-carcinogen-by-echa

... promulgated standards in 1974 to regulate the industrial use of 13 chemicals identified as potential occupational carcinogens. ... which considers the 13 chemicals to be potential occupational carcinogens. ... promulgated standards in 1974 to regulate the industrial use of 13 chemicals identified as potential occupational carcinogens. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/nengapdxb.html

And more carcinogens must be examined. The current study looked at only five molecules that are considered carcinogenic. ... "No level of exposure to these carcinogens is without risk," Dr Fuller told Medscape Medical News after he discussed the study ... The small study showed that two known carcinogens, otoluidine and 2-naphthylamine, were found in the urine of e-cigarette users ... Cite this: Carcinogens Found in Urine of e-Cigarette Users - Medscape - May 15, 2017. ...

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/880004

... 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. V ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/113215/browse?authority=Carcinogens&type=mesh

ATSDR - Health Effects, Cancer, Organ Systems, Carcinogens

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/tsp/substances/ToxOrganSystems.aspx

Index for Carcinogens

https://www.alive.com/tag/carcinogens/

Environmental carcinogen exposure and lifestyle factors affecting cancer risk in Qatar:findings from a qualitative review ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Carcinogens&type=mesh

... saying theyve found evidence of a potential carcinogen. Scientists petitioned the Food and Drug… ... Products made with the chemical may contain benzophenone, a suspected carcinogen that also can interfere with key hormones and ... In May, an independent testing lab found levels of another probable carcinogen, benzene, in several products, leading to some ... Popular Sunscreens Have Potential Carcinogen. by Source on August 12, 2021 · 0 comments ...

https://obrag.org/2021/08/popular-sunscreens-have-potential-carcinogen/

Benzo[a]pyrene is a potent carcinogen and mutagen present in cigarette smoke, automotive exhaust, burnt wood fumes, barbecued ... Researchers identify chemical responsible for carcinogen formation in recycled wastewater Engineers at wastewater recycling ... plants can rest easy knowing that their methods for minimizing the formation of a potent carcinogen are targeting the right ... National Cancer Institute shows that arsenic in drinking water may have one of the longest dormancy periods of any carcinogen. ...

https://www.news-medical.net/?tag=/Carcinogen&page=5

... , Occupational Exposures Linked to Cancer, Cancer-predisposing Occupational Exposure. ... Carcinogens in the Workplace. Carcinogens in the Workplace Aka: Carcinogens in the Workplace, Occupational Exposures Linked to ... Cancer Prevention Carcinogens in the Workplace Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention DVT Prevention in Travelers N- ... These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Carcinogens in the Workplace." Click on the image (or right ...

https://fpnotebook.com/hemeonc/Prevent/CrcngnsInThWrkplc.htm

The Report on Carcinogens. What Went Wrong and What Can Be Done to Fix It. *Study ... For example, a substance is deemed to be a known carcinogen if the NTP decides that the evidence from human studies is ... The minimum threshold for designation as a known carcinogen is unknown to the public because the NTP never says what is ... By withholding B. 2 Belzer: The Report on Carcinogens from the public the weight of evidence scheme, the NTP preserves the ...

https://cei.org/studies/the-report-on-carcinogens/

Are Parabens Bad? If this query haunts you day and night as it does to millions of other skin care product users, then this article would be the definitive escort for you on the hidden dangers of parabens and how to avoid these dangers which the are the c... Read , ...

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...

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Review the latest research into physical, chemical, and biological carcinogens, including newly recognized substances, with ... Avoiding carcinogens is a key step in cancer prevention. ... Rapid Review Quiz: Carcinogens * Rapid Review Quiz: Alcohol Use ...

https://reference.medscape.com/viewarticle/973380_3

Sulfuryl fluoride - Fumigant insecticide - CAS No. 2699-79-8 Molecular formula for Sulfuryl Fluoride: Ref: January 23, 2004. Sulfuryl Fluoride; Pesticide Tolerance. 40 CFR Part 180 [OPP-2003-0373; FRL-7342-1]. Final Rule. Federal Register Excerpts from: Table 1.-Subchronic, Chronic, and Other Toxicity Study Guideline Type of Study NOAEL mg/kg/day LOAEL mg/kg/day Based on: None cited 2-Week inhalation […]. ...

https://fluoridealert.org/page/8/?s=carcinogen

What are the eight preparation methods to reduce exposure to carcinogens in cooked meat? ... Republishing "Carcinogens in Meat". × Terms You may republish this material online or in print under our Creative Commons ... Carcinogens in Meat. License Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). Content URL ... Carcinogens in Meat. Michael Greger M.D. FACLM · July 4, 2018 · Volume 42 ...

https://nutritionfacts.org/video/carcinogens-in-meat/

... is not a carcinogen, contradicting decisions by U.S. juries that found it caused cancer in people. ... U.S. environment agency says glyphosate weed killer is not a carcinogen. ... is not a carcinogen, contradicting decisions by U.S. juries that found it caused cancer in people. ... no risks to public health when glyphosate is used in accordance with its current label and that glyphosate is not a carcinogen ...

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-epa-glyphosate-idUSKCN1S62SU

Carcinogens: Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA ... Carcinogens. Subscribe to New Research on Carcinogens Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both ... 12/01/1995 - "Rodent mammary tumors induced by chemical carcinogens have proven to be very useful in the genetic analysis of ... 01/01/1975 - "The improvement in the quality of cigarettes, namely the reduction in the amount of carcinogens and its relation ...

https://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryD002273.do

Among the identified possible carcinogens are those found in dry cleaning products (halogenated organic solvents like methylene ...

https://www.elle.com/beauty/health-fitness/news/a24775/17-new-chemicals-that-could-be-linked-to-breast-cancer/

The Environmental Working Group found the probable carcinogen hexavalent chromium in the drinking water of 31 United States ... The new study found the carcinogen in 31 out of the 35 city samples. Of that, 25 cities exceeded the safe level 0.06 parts per ... Cue Erin Brockovich and the bottled water (kidding!)... the probable carcinogen hexavalent chromium was found in the drinking ... In 2008 the National Institutes of Health deemed the chemical a possible carcinogen. As of now, the federal government ...

https://www.organicauthority.com/live-grow/probable-carcinogen-hexavalent-chronium-found-in-drinking-water

Showing all 3 results. ...

https://srmi.biz/product-tag/carcinogens/

... Andrea Hochegger, an analytical chemist at TU Graz, investigates whether foodstuffs can ...

https://www.analytica-world.com/en/news/1177841/sniffing-out-carcinogens-in-foodstuffs.html

Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes Message subject: (Your Name) has forwarded a ...

https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/23/2/133.share

From baby pinks and rosy reds to chocolate browns and berry purples, women all over the world are known to colour they lips in ...

https://themedguru.com/tag/a-carcinogen

A recall is out for The Mandalorian and Mickey Mouse hand sanitizers. Each may have a different chemical that could be potentially dangerous.

https://www.10tv.com/article/money/personal-finance/recalls/mickey-mouse-mandalorian-hand-sanitizer-recall/507-f731146e-f34c-4375-872a-b5f09539b164

On behalf of the chemical industry, Dourson has repeatedly sought to weaken safety standards for PFOA, a carcinogen formerly ... The Ugly Truth: How Trumps EPA Nominee Greenwashed a Carcinogen in Cosmetics ... toothpastes and cosmetics may also include the possible carcinogen. ...

https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/ugly-truth-how-trumps-epa-nominee-greenwashed-carcinogen-cosmetics

CT Lab Detects Known Carcinogen in Popular Heartburn Medication The FDA is alerting patients and physicians to an impurity ... said it will no longer sell the acid-blocker Zantac and its generic after the FDA detected low levels of a known carcinogen in ...

https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/ct-lab-detects-known-carcinogen-in-popular-heartburn-medication/171573/

... WASHINGTON- The U.S. Environmental Protection ... contradicts a 2015 World Health Organization analysis of published research that determined glyphosate is a probable carcinogen ...

https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2017/pesticides-12-18-2017.php

... a possible carcinogen found in some high blood pressure and heartburn medicines. ... A possible carcinogen found in some blood pressure and heartburn pills has been detected in a widely used diabetes medicine, ... Now traces of a possible carcinogen have been found in a popular diabetes drug. ...

https://www.statnews.com/pharmalot/2019/12/05/diabetes-metformin-ndma-carcinogen/

Breathing in high concentrations of the carcinogen has been linked to kidney cancer, liver cancer and lymphoma. It can also ... Minnesota company may have leaked carcinogen TCE into air for years. February 22, 2019 / 5:02 PM. / CBS News ... Company may have leaked carcinogen TCE into air for years 01:45 ...

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-gremlin-company-minnesota-company-may-have-leaked-carcinogen-tce-into-air-for-years/

No level of exposure to these carcinogens is without risk," Dr Fuller told Medscape Medical News after he discussed the study at press conference today at the American Urological Association (AUA) 2017 Annual Meeting. (medscape.com)
What are the eight preparation methods to reduce exposure to carcinogens in cooked meat? (nutritionfacts.org)
Rulebook of 8 December 2011 on preventive measures for safe and healthy work during exposure to carcinogens or mutagens. (ilo.org)
Common shampoos, body washes, shaving lotions, and even makeup were all found to contain a potential carcinogen, according to the health and environment watchdog Silent Spring Institute.Watch the report"This is an invisible source of toxic chemical exposure," said Cynthia Luppi, New England director of Clean Water Action. (wcvb.com)
For many years at CELA, we have sought diverse policy reforms to prevent or reduce exposure to carcinogens - in the environment and workplaces. (cela.ca)
CAREX Canada (CARcinogen EXposure) provides a body of knowledge about environmental and occupational exposures to known, probable, and possible carcinogens (i.e., those in class 1, 2A and 2B respectively, within the International Agency for Research on Cancer - IARC categorization system). (cela.ca)
Framework for calculating lifetime potential excess cancer risk for the Canadian population associated with different carcinogens and exposure pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
In pursuing its mandated responsibilities, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) must address public health concerns associated with exposure to carcinogens in the context of all available relevant information. (cdc.gov)
The purpose of the ATSDR Cancer Policy Framework is to define scientifically credible, internally consistent policy positions to guide ATSDR's activities that address the public health implications of exposure to carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
The authors conducted the present study to evaluate the shape of exposure-response associations between different exposure metrics and lung cancer in this cohort, considering potential confounders (race, plant, professional and short-term work status, and exposure to other lung carcinogens). (bmj.com)
For exposure to both listed carcinogens and reproductive toxicants. (bernardiparts.com)

In May', an independent testing lab found levels of another probable carcinogen, benzene, in several products, leading to some recalls. (obrag.org)
Benzene is a carcinogen, and the other compounds can damage the nervous system. (insideclimatenews.org)
Apple has banned the use of two known carcinogens, benzene and n-hexane, in the final assembly process of the coming iPhone 6 and its other electronic devices, the Associated Press is reporting . (techlicious.com)
Benzene, a known carcinogen , was found in 78 of nearly 300 sprays and lotions tested - about 27% - including products sold by Banana Boat and CVS, according to Valisure. (live5news.com)
Benzene is one of the most studied and concerning human carcinogens known to science. (live5news.com)
Benzene is a carcinogen that's been found in potentially unsafe levels in 78 different sunscreens and after-care products. (mercola.com)
Benzene is a known carcinogen linked to blood disorders and leukemia. (pirg.org)
Benzene is classified as a carcinogen (substance that could potentially cause cancer). (productsafety.gov.au)

PAN Europe is extremely disappointed with today's European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) opinion concluding that glyphosate is not classified as a human carcinogen. (gmwatch.org)

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are potent mutagens and carcinogens generated during the heat processing of meat. (bvsalud.org)
are considered among the most powerful external mutagens, carcinogens. (bvsalud.org)

1,4-Dioxane is a petroleum-derived contaminant considered a probable human carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and a definite animal carcinogen by the National Toxicology Program.Â It is also on Californiaâ€™s Proposition 65 list of chemicals known or suspected by the state to cause cancer or birth defects. (yourlawyer.com)
Epidemiological studies reported since 2011 at least justify a classification of "probable" human carcinogen. (whsc.on.ca)
PAHs are an environmental health issue because several are probable human carcinogens and they are toxic to fish and other aquatic life. (yourlawyer.com)

Another Group A carcinogen is asbestos. (referenceforbusiness.com)
Asbestos, moreover, has been recognized by the WHO as a Group IA carcinogen since 1987 and its use was banned in Spain in 2002. (bvsalud.org)

CAREX Canada offers evidence-based resources on Canadians' exposures carcinogens. (cela.ca)
This framework reflects an assessment of current practice within the Agency and defines the appropriate roles of conclusions derived by other groups, professional judgment, and emerging scientific principles in ATSDR's public health assessments of exposures to carcinogens. (cdc.gov)

The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has determined that diesel exhaust is a potential human carcinogen, based on a combination of chemical, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity data. (cdc.gov)

Without establishing PELs, OSHA promulgated standards in 1974 to regulate the industrial use of 13 chemicals identified as potential occupational carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
Respirator selections in the Pocket Guide are based on NIOSH policy, which considers the 13 chemicals to be potential occupational carcinogens. (cdc.gov)

Current regulatory policy focuses on identifying "complete carcinogens"- chemicals that can cause cancer all by themselves. (healthychild.org)
It's time to expand our definition of carcinogens from the idea of single chemicals acting alone. (healthychild.org)
As the President's Cancer Panel pointed out in its 2008-2009 annual report, not only do federal environmental laws leave many known carcinogens completely unregulated but they also "fail to address the potential hazards of being exposed to combinations of chemicals. (healthychild.org)
These chemicals are called carcinogens. (medlineplus.gov)
The two primary carcinogens in tobacco smoke are chemicals known as nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (wepapers.com)
And perhaps even more startling for an environmentally-conscious campus like UVM, which recently banned the sale of plastic water bottles: Cigarette butts - which are non-biodegradable and contain dangerous chemicals and carcinogens, essentially making them toxic waste - are the leading source of litter on the planet. (uvm.edu)

Engineers at wastewater recycling plants can rest easy knowing that their methods for minimizing the formation of a potent carcinogen are targeting the right chemical compound. (news-medical.net)
Hexavalent chromium is a potent human carcinogen associated with lung cancer when inhaled over long periods of time, typically years to decades, according to a press release. (presstelegram.com)

For example, a substance is deemed to be a known carcinogen if the NTP decides that the evidence from human studies is sufficient. (cei.org)
Thus, a substance is a known human carcinogen if the NTP says the evidence is sufficient. (cei.org)
Similarly circular logic pervades the definition of a reasonably anticipated human carcinogen. (cei.org)
The diethanolamine is the part that is the problem, and in the cancer studies, in animals, this caused some tumors in the liver and the kidney," said Rudel.Right now, the International Agency for Research on Cancer lists cocamide DEA as a possible human carcinogen. (wcvb.com)
Right now, the International Agency for Research on Cancer lists cocamide DEA as a possible human carcinogen. (wcvb.com)
The presence of this known human carcinogen in products widely recommended for the prevention of skin cancer and that are regularly used by adults and children is very troubling," Light said in the company's statement. (live5news.com)
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) first classified RFR as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) in 2011. (whsc.on.ca)
The EPA calls dioxins 'likely human carcinogens. (cnn.com)
The EPA has classified metolachlor as a possible human carcinogen. (ewg.org)
Objectives Beryllium has been identified as a human carcinogen on the basis of animal and epidemiological studies. (bmj.com)
Beryllium has been designated a known human carcinogen based upon human and animal studies of lung cancer, including recent follow-up of a cohort of US beryllium-processing workers. (bmj.com)
1 Toxicological and epidemiological studies have more recently led the International Agency for Research on Cancer to designate beryllium as a human carcinogen. (bmj.com)
Epidemiology: Currently there is a single study of UK carbon black production workers providing strong (though novel) evidence that carbon black is a late stage human lung carcinogen. (cdc.gov)
Ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun and by tanning beds is a proven human carcinogen," Hale said. (webmd.com)

Rapid Review Quiz: Carcinogens - Medscape - May 16, 2022. (medscape.com)

CHICAGO (Reuters) - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) said on Tuesday that glyphosate, a chemical in many popular weed killers, is not a carcinogen, contradicting decisions by U.S. juries that found it caused cancer in people. (reuters.com)
The EPA review, which ignored the agency's own guidelines for assessing cancer risks, contradicts a 2015 World Health Organization analysis of published research that determined glyphosate is a probable carcinogen. (biologicaldiversity.org)
Radon is a known carcinogen causing over 3,000 deaths per year in Canada from radon-induced lung cancer, which is why both CELA and CAREX Canada prioritize it. (cela.ca)
RÉSUMÉ Afin d'atteindre les objectifs de santé fixés par le pays pour 2011-2016, une analyse qualitative de l'exposition aux facteurs de risque de cancer au Qatar a été conduite en 2013. (who.int)
Les risques de cancer les plus élevés pour les Qatariens proviendraient de facteurs associés aux modes de vie, en particulier l'obésité, la sédentarité et le tabagisme. (who.int)
The sentence after says: "It is thought this process causes the formation of carcinogens, which can damage cells in the body and allow cancer to develop. (zoeharcombe.com)

RAC concluded that the available scientific evidence did not meet the criteria to classify glyphosate as a carcinogen, as a mutagen or as toxic for reproduction. (europa.eu)
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) pursues a range of legislatively mandated programs that address public health concerns regarding carcinogens. (cdc.gov)

They considered both the nitrites in processed meat, as well as these cooked-meat carcinogens. (nutritionfacts.org)

Carcinogens that until 2021 were not supposed to be present in medicines and carcinogens for which it was subsequently decided to create a regulatory regime for permissible availability. (bvsalud.org)

EPA continues to find that there are no risks to public health when glyphosate is used in accordance with its current label and that glyphosate is not a carcinogen," the agency said in a statement. (reuters.com)

This is out of the recognition that light clothing probably provides little protection from these "gaseous" carcinogens. (nutritionfacts.org)
COVINGTON, Ga. (AP) - Georgia's governor is trying to force a medical sterilization facility to temporarily close after it allowed a gaseous carcinogen to leak out last month. (apnews.com)

This means that it is critical that we get the science and regulation surrounding carcinogens right. (healthychild.org)
As such, additional evidence would need to be provided to confirm French VOC regulation A+ labelled products are compliant with the BREEAM International New Construction 2016 performance requirements for category 1A and 1B carcinogens. (breeam.com)
This information includes both technical data as well as science policy positions adopted by the range of organizations with programs germane to the assessment and/or regulation of carcinogens. (cdc.gov)

Dioxin (powerful carcinogen), ethylene d. (articlealley.com)
Among the identified possible carcinogens are those found in dry cleaning products (halogenated organic solvents like methylene chloride), tobacco smoke (ethylene oxide), vehicle exhaust and gasoline (1,3-butadiene), hair and textile dyes (aromatic amines II), burnt food (acrylamide), and grilled meat (heterocyclic amines). (elle.com)

Il s'agit d'une source d'informations unique sur les substances chimiques fabriquées et importées en Europe. (europa.eu)

During the processing of soy, many additional toxins are formed, including nitrates (which are carcinogens) and a toxin called lysinoalanine. (nourishingourchildren.org)

The utility is choosing this bromide production despite the fact that other modern, widely-used technologies-such as baghouses-are available to control mercury emissions without causing carcinogens downstream. (southernenvironment.org)
The metal-finishing company Anaplex Corp. in Paramount was forced to close because of high-level emissions of a carcinogen on Thursday, Oct. 4, for the seventh time since February 2017. (presstelegram.com)

The FDA has been coordinating a recall of adulterated heart medications since last July, when the carcinogen NDMA was discovered in valsartan manufactured by Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. The contaminated valsartan was sold to a number of major drugmakers and used as an ingredient in other popular cardiovascular therapies. (claimsjournal.com)
A new study published in the journal Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin shows that storage conditions impact the level of the carcinogen NDMA produced in Zantac. (beasleyallen.com)

the probable carcinogen hexavalent chromium was found in the drinking water of 31 United States cities. (organicauthority.com)

These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Carcinogens in the Workplace. (fpnotebook.com)

They also offer a monthly newsletter called Carcinogens in the News , which features the latest media articles, government reports, and academic literature related to the carcinogens that Canadians may be exposed to. (cela.ca)

The firefighters' levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (one of the carcinogens), brominated flame retardants and organophosphate esters were 0.5 to 8.5 times higher in the bands they wore while on duty than in those worn off duty. (firechief.com)

Products made with the chemical may contain benzophenone, a suspected carcinogen that also can interfere with key hormones and reproductive organs, according to a group led by Craig Downs, executive director of the nonprofit Haereticus Environmental Laboratory', which studies risks to health and the environment. (obrag.org)
In 2008 the National Institutes of Health deemed the chemical a possible carcinogen. (organicauthority.com)
On behalf of the chemical industry, Dourson has repeatedly sought to weaken safety standards for PFOA , a carcinogen formerly used to make Teflon, and perchlorate , a jet fuel chemical that hinders the development of babies' brains. (ewg.org)

The investigators examined study participants' urine for three other carcinogens - benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, and 1- hydroxypyrene - but found no significant findings for these molecules. (medscape.com)
Researchers asked U.S. regulators to pull some sunscreens from the market, including brands such as Coppertone, Banana Boat and Neutrogena, saying they've found evidence of a potential carcinogen. (obrag.org)
The new study found the carcinogen in 31 out of the 35 city samples. (organicauthority.com)
But, a separate EWG analysis also found that thousands of shampoos, soaps, lotions, sunscreens, toothpastes and cosmetics may also include the possible carcinogen. (ewg.org)
A possible carcinogen found in some blood pressure and heartburn pills has been detected in a widely used diabetes medicine, prompting health officials in Singapore to recall three drugs and European regulators to ask manufacturers to test their medicines. (statnews.com)
Other carcinogens, NDEA and NMBA, have been found in the drugs as well. (claimsjournal.com)
Zhejiang Huahai didn't make all of the valsartan found to be tainted, though carcinogen levels were highest in its drugs, according to the FDA. (claimsjournal.com)
Common shampoos, body washes, shaving lotions, and even makeup were all found to contain a potential carcinogen, according to the health and environment watchdog Silent Spring Institute. (wcvb.com)
But products like Neutrogena's Ultra Sheer Dry-Touch Sunscreen Lotion SPF 30 and Oil-free Facial Moisturizer with Sunscreen SPF 15 were not found to contain the carcinogen. (live5news.com)

Press conference moderator, Sam Chang, MD, a urologist from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, wondered whether there was a correlation between frequency of e-cigarette use and urine levels of the carcinogens. (medscape.com)
Local water utilities will now be able to better determine if their water carries potentially troubling levels of this carcinogen and get that information out to the public quickly," said Environmental Working Group senior vice president for research Jane Houlihan. (organicauthority.com)

Dozens of lawsuits have been filed against drug makers and sellers over widely prescribed generic heart medications tainted with potential carcinogens, the first claims in what some lawyers expect to be a wave of litigation. (claimsjournal.com)
2000), but these studies are not considered here because of the difficulties of controlling for all potential lung carcinogens in the rubber industry. (who.int)

This shampoo is free of parabens (which can disrupt the reproductive system), sodium lauryl (an irritant and pollutant), phthalate (a possible carcinogen and hormone disrupter), and butylene glycol (a preservative). (healthytippingpoint.com)

Induction of the carcinogen-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) is a key step in the development of tobacco-related cancers. (erowid.org)
17. Salaspuro, M. Acetaldehyde as a common denominator and cumulative carcinogen in digestive tract cancers. (bvsalud.org)

Ideally, at least one further test of the hypothesis that carbon black is a late stage lung carcinogen is also required. (cdc.gov)

No environmentally harmful products or carcinogens are utilized in production. (sewingmachine.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms11

Diseases29

Chemicals and Drugs133

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science1

Health Care13

An investigation into the binding of the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one to DNA in vitro. (1/6863)

Effect of hepatocarcinogens on the binding of glucocorticoid-receptor complex in rat liver nuclei. (2/6863)

Assaying potential carcinogens with Drosophila. (3/6863)

Carcinogenicity of triethanolamine in mice and its mutagenicity after reaction with sodium nitrite in bacteria. (4/6863)

The five amino acid-deleted isoform of hepatocyte growth factor promotes carcinogenesis in transgenic mice. (5/6863)

Expression of dominant negative Erk2 inhibits AP-1 transactivation and neoplastic transformation. (6/6863)

Carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation regulates the function and subcellular localization of protein kinase C betaII. (7/6863)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARS) and carcinogenesis. (8/6863)

Carcinogens

Nitrosamines

2-Acetylaminofluorene

Benzo(a)pyrene

Mutagens

Benzopyrenes

DNA Adducts

Carcinogenicity Tests

Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene

Mutagenicity Tests

Methylnitrosourea

Cocarcinogenesis

Aminobiphenyl Compounds

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide

Biotransformation

Benz(a)Anthracenes

Rats, Inbred F344

Methylnitronitrosoguanidine

Neoplasms, Experimental

Polycyclic Compounds

Dimethylnitrosamine

Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene

p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene

Fluorenes

Liver Neoplasms, Experimental

Aflatoxin B1

Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene

Chrysenes

Nitroquinolines

Diethylnitrosamine

Methylcholanthrene

Dimethylhydrazines

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic

Glutathione Transferase

Anticarcinogenic Agents

Precancerous Conditions

Dihydroxydihydrobenzopyrenes

Aflatoxins

DNA

Liver

Urethane

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

Lung Neoplasms

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine

Azoxymethane

Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase

Benzidines

Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1

DNA Damage

Metabolic Detoxication, Drug

Neoplasms

Safrole

Ethylene Dibromide

Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental

Smoking

Methylazoxymethanol Acetate

Methylhydrazines

Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System

Papilloma

Acrylonitrile

Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases

Occupational Exposure

Environmental Exposure

Mesocricetus

Isothiocyanates

Amines

Azo Compounds

Alkylating Agents

Vinyl Chloride

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Chromium

Glucuronates

Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Deoxyguanosine

Nitrosourea Compounds

Chromates

Propiolactone