Carcinogenesis. Medical search

Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.

The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.

Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.

The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.

7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.

Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.

Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mechanism involved.

A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.

A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON.

Tests to experimentally measure the tumor-producing/cancer cell-producing potency of an agent by administering the agent (e.g., benzanthracenes) and observing the quantity of tumors or the cell transformation developed over a given period of time. The carcinogenicity value is usually measured as milligrams of agent administered per tumor developed. Though this test differs from the DNA-repair and bacterial microsome MUTAGENICITY TESTS, researchers often attempt to correlate the finding of carcinogenicity values and mutagenicity values.

A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.

Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.

A class of compounds that contain a -NH2 and a -NO radical. Many members of this group have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.

Experimentally induced mammary neoplasms in animals to provide a model for studying human BREAST NEOPLASMS.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

A potent mutagen and carcinogen. This compound and its metabolite 4-HYDROXYAMINOQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE bind to nucleic acids. It inactivates bacteria but not bacteriophage.

Tumors, cancer or other neoplasms produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.

Experimentally induced tumors of the LIVER.

A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

A substituted carcinogenic nitrosamine.

Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment.

Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.

A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.

A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.

Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.

A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.

Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.

An inducibly-expressed subtype of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. It plays an important role in many cellular processes and INFLAMMATION. It is the target of COX2 INHIBITORS.

The use of chemical compounds to prevent the development of a specific disease.

Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.

Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.

Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene (GENES, P53) whose normal function is to control CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS. A mutant or absent p53 protein has been found in LEUKEMIA; OSTEOSARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; and COLORECTAL CANCER.

Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.

Epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo characteristic changes as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Urethane is suspected to be a carcinogen.

Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Genes that inhibit expression of the tumorigenic phenotype. They are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. When tumor suppressor genes are inactivated or lost, a barrier to normal proliferation is removed and unregulated growth is possible.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Mice selectively bred for hypersusceptibility to two-stage chemical skin carcinogenesis. They are also hypersusceptible to UV radiation tumorigenesis with single high-dose, but not chronic low-dose, exposures. SENCAR (SENsitive to CARcinogenesis) mice are used in research as an animal model for tumor production.

DNA present in neoplastic tissue.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

Tumor suppressor genes located on the short arm of human chromosome 17 and coding for the phosphoprotein p53.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential. They include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests.

Lining of the STOMACH, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. The surface cells produce MUCUS that protects the stomach from attack by digestive acid and enzymes. When the epithelium invaginates into the LAMINA PROPRIA at various region of the stomach (CARDIA; GASTRIC FUNDUS; and PYLORUS), different tubular gastric glands are formed. These glands consist of cells that secrete mucus, enzymes, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, or hormones.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.

Mutant strains of mice that produce little or no hair.

Four fused benzyl rings with three linear and one angular, that can be viewed as a benzyl-phenanthrenes. Compare with NAPHTHACENES which are four linear rings.

A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to the ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It also serves as a transcriptional co-activator and downstream component of WNT PROTEIN-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS.

Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.

Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).

Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

Hydrazines substituted by one or more methyl groups in any position.

Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.

Tumors or cancer of the MAMMARY GLAND in animals (MAMMARY GLANDS, ANIMAL).

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.

A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.

The external, nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers of EPITHELIUM: (1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); (2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); (3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); (4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and (5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis).

The part of the face that is below the eye and to the side of the nose and mouth.

MAMMARY GLANDS in the non-human MAMMALS.

Clusters of colonic crypts that appear different from the surrounding mucosa when visualized after staining. They are of interest as putative precursors to colorectal adenomas and potential biomarkers for colorectal carcinoma.

A nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

Genes whose gain-of-function alterations lead to NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. They include, for example, genes for activators or stimulators of CELL PROLIFERATION such as growth factors, growth factor receptors, protein kinases, signal transducers, nuclear phosphoproteins, and transcription factors. A prefix of "v-" before oncogene symbols indicates oncogenes captured and transmitted by RETROVIRUSES; the prefix "c-" before the gene symbol of an oncogene indicates it is the cellular homolog (PROTO-ONCOGENES) of a v-oncogene.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

Enzyme complexes that catalyze the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS from the appropriate unsaturated FATTY ACIDS, molecular OXYGEN, and a reduced acceptor.

Tumor suppressor genes located in the 5q21 region on the long arm of human chromosome 5. The mutation of these genes is associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI) and GARDNER SYNDROME, as well as some sporadic colorectal cancers.

Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.

A pyridoxal-phosphate protein, believed to be the rate-limiting compound in the biosynthesis of polyamines. It catalyzes the decarboxylation of ornithine to form putrescine, which is then linked to a propylamine moiety of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to form spermidine.

A di-tert-butyl PHENOL with antioxidant properties.

A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.

Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A class of chemicals that contain an anthracene ring with a naphthalene ring attached to it.

The loss of one allele at a specific locus, caused by a deletion mutation; or loss of a chromosome from a chromosome pair, resulting in abnormal HEMIZYGOSITY. It is detected when heterozygous markers for a locus appear monomorphic because one of the ALLELES was deleted.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.

Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Mixture of 2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenols that is used as an antioxidant in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses infecting birds and most mammals, especially humans. They are grouped into multiple genera, but the viruses are highly host-species specific and tissue-restricted. They are commonly divided into hundreds of papillomavirus "types", each with specific gene function and gene control regions, despite sequence homology. Human papillomaviruses are found in the genera ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; BETAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; GAMMAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; and MUPAPILLOMAVIRUS.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

Viscous, nauseating oil obtained from the shrub Croton tiglium (Euphorbaceae). It is a vesicant and skin irritant used as pharmacologic standard for skin inflammation and allergy and causes skin cancer. It was formerly used as an emetic and cathartic with frequent mortality.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.

Proteins that are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. Deficiencies or abnormalities in these proteins may lead to unregulated cell growth and tumor development.

A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.

The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.

Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.

A product of the p16 tumor suppressor gene (GENES, P16). It is also called INK4 or INK4A because it is the prototype member of the INK4 CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITORS. This protein is produced from the alpha mRNA transcript of the p16 gene. The other gene product, produced from the alternatively spliced beta transcript, is TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P14ARF. Both p16 gene products have tumor suppressor functions.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Areas of increased density of the dinucleotide sequence cytosine--phosphate diester--guanine. They form stretches of DNA several hundred to several thousand base pairs long. In humans there are about 45,000 CpG islands, mostly found at the 5' ends of genes. They are unmethylated except for those on the inactive X chromosome and some associated with imprinted genes.

A potent nitrofuran derivative tumor initiator. It causes bladder tumors in all animals studied and is mutagenic to many bacteria.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

Lining of the ORAL CAVITY, including mucosa on the GUMS; the PALATE; the LIP; the CHEEK; floor of the mouth; and other structures. The mucosa is generally a nonkeratinized stratified squamous EPITHELIUM covering muscle, bone, or glands but can show varying degree of keratinization at specific locations.

2- or 4-Hydroxyestrogens. Substances that are physiologically active in mammals, especially in the control of gonadotropin secretion. Physiological activity can be ascribed to either an estrogenic action or interaction with the catecholaminergic system.

A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression.

A spiral bacterium active as a human gastric pathogen. It is a gram-negative, urease-positive, curved or slightly spiral organism initially isolated in 1982 from patients with lesions of gastritis or peptic ulcers in Western Australia. Helicobacter pylori was originally classified in the genus CAMPYLOBACTER, but RNA sequencing, cellular fatty acid profiles, growth patterns, and other taxonomic characteristics indicate that the micro-organism should be included in the genus HELICOBACTER. It has been officially transferred to Helicobacter gen. nov. (see Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989 Oct;39(4):297-405).

RNA present in neoplastic tissue.

A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the URINARY BLADDER and the URETHRA. It secretes a substance that liquefies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the RECTUM.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Endogenous factors or drugs that increase the transport and metabolism of LIPIDS including the synthesis of LIPOPROTEINS by the LIVER and their uptake by extrahepatic tissues.

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.

Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.

Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.

A subclass of cyclooxygenase inhibitors with specificity for CYCLOOXYGENASE-2.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound "may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen." (Merck, 11th ed)

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Organic compounds with the general formula R-NCS.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A type I keratin that is found associated with the KERATIN-5 in the internal stratified EPITHELIUM. Mutations in the gene for keratin-14 are associated with EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA SIMPLEX.

In humans, one of the paired regions in the anterior portion of the THORAX. The breasts consist of the MAMMARY GLANDS, the SKIN, the MUSCLES, the ADIPOSE TISSUE, and the CONNECTIVE TISSUES.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

The infusion of leaves of CAMELLIA SINENSIS (formerly Thea sinensis) as a beverage, the familiar Asian tea, which contains CATECHIN (especially epigallocatechin gallate) and CAFFEINE.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estrogens stimulate the female reproductive organs, and the development of secondary female SEX CHARACTERISTICS. Estrogenic chemicals include natural, synthetic, steroidal, or non-steroidal compounds.

A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases.

A species of HELICOBACTER that colonizes in the STOMACH of laboratory MICE; CATS; and DOGS. It is associated with lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and mild GASTRITIS in CATS.

A very potent liver carcinogen.

A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

An essential ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that adds telomeric DNA to the ends of eukaryotic CHROMOSOMES.

Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.

Products of viral oncogenes, most commonly retroviral oncogenes. They usually have transforming and often protein kinase activities.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Variation in a population's DNA sequence that is detected by determining alterations in the conformation of denatured DNA fragments. Denatured DNA fragments are allowed to renature under conditions that prevent the formation of double-stranded DNA and allow secondary structure to form in single stranded fragments. These fragments are then run through polyacrylamide gels to detect variations in the secondary structure that is manifested as an alteration in migration through the gels.

Biphenyl compounds substituted in any position by one or more amino groups. Permitted are any substituents except fused rings.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

A white patch lesion found on a MUCOUS MEMBRANE that cannot be scraped off. Leukoplakia is generally considered a precancerous condition, however its appearance may also result from a variety of HEREDITARY DISEASES.

Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.

Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.

An enzyme, sometimes called GGT, with a key role in the synthesis and degradation of GLUTATHIONE; (GSH, a tripeptide that protects cells from many toxins). It catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A type of ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS especially associated with malignant tumors of the CERVIX and the RESPIRATORY MUCOSA.

A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.

Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced mutations independently of the mechanism involved.

A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

Additive SMILES-based carcinogenicity models: Probabilistic principles in the search for robust predictions. (1/423)

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Functional analysis of familial Asp67Glu and Thr1051Ser BRCA1 mutations in breast/ovarian carcinogenesis. (2/423)

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Lewis Y promotes growth and adhesion of ovarian carcinoma-derived RMG-I cells by upregulating growth factors. (3/423)

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Alcohol intake and folate antagonism via CYP2E1 and ALDH1: effects on oral carcinogenesis. (4/423)

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The propensity for tumorigenesis in human induced pluripotent stem cells is related with genomic instability. (5/423)

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The good, the bad and the ugly: epigenetic mechanisms in glioblastoma. (6/423)

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Analysis of a novel highly metastatic melanoma cell line identifies osteopontin as a new lymphangiogenic factor. (7/423)

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Eicosanoid profiling in colon cancer: emergence of a pattern. (8/423)

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Mutagenesis and carcinogenesis[edit]. Metronidazole is listed by the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) as reasonably ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metronidazole

Dipple, A. (1985). "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Carcinogenesis". Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Carcinogenesis. ACS Symposium ... Mechanisms of carcinogenesis[edit]. An adduct formed between a DNA strand and an epoxide derived from a benzo[a]pyrene molecule ... Slaga, T. J. (1984). "Chapter 7: Multistage skin carcinogenesis: A useful model for the study of the chemoprevention of cancer ... including chemical carcinogenesis.[73] In 1775, Percivall Pott, a surgeon at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London, observed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon

Role in carcinogenesis and progression[edit]. Bradykinins have been implicated in a number of cancer progression processes.[16] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradykinin

Newberne Paul M., Wogan Gerald N. (1968). "Sequential Morphologic Changes in Aflatoxin B1 Carcinogenesis in the Rat". Cancer ... Semela, Maryann (2001). "The chemistry and biology of aflatoxin B1: from mutational spectrometry to carcinogenesis" (PDF). ... Carcinogenesis. 22 (4): 535-545. doi:10.1093/carcin/22.4.535. PMID 11285186. Ross, R. K.; Yuan, J. M.; Yu, M. C.; Wogan, G. N ... Carcinogenesis. 15 (5): 947-55. doi:10.1093/carcin/15.5.947. PMID 8200100. Patterson D.S.P. Aflatoxin and related compounds: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1

Carcinogenesis. 25 (5): 827-31. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgh056. PMID 14688018. Some info on apocarotenal Olson, A.J. (1964). "The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocarotenal

Carcinogenesis. 19 (1): 1-27. doi:10.1093/carcin/19.1.1. PMID 9472688. http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB10335 Michael Oettel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estriol_glucuronide

Carcinogenesis. 28 (3): 560-71. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl167. PMID 17012225. Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, et al. (2007). "Large- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGEB2

Carcinogenesis. 22 (2): 347-9. doi:10.1093/carcin/22.2.347. PMID 11181459. Berstein LM, Imyanitov EN, Suspitsin EN, Grigoriev ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_p450_family_19_subfamily_a_member_1

Carcinogenesis. 28 (8): 1731-9. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgm111. PMID 17494052. Huang H, Shiffman ML, Cheung RC, Layden TJ, Friedman ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POLG2

Carcinogenesis. 28 (3): 738-48. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl180. PMID 17065199. Ahn JD, Morishita R, Kaneda Y, Lee KU, Park JY, Jeon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP-1_transcription_factor

Carcinogenesis. 26 (10): 1741-7. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi126. PMID 15905204.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caretaker_gene

Carcinogenesis. 19 (1): 49-53. doi:10.1093/carcin/19.1.49. PMID 9472692. Coleman RA, Smith WL, Narumiya S (1994). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eicosanoid_receptor

Carcinogenesis. 23 (10): 1583-92. doi:10.1093/carcin/23.10.1583. PMID 12376465. orphan+nuclear+receptor+NGFI-B at the US ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_4A1

Carcinogenesis. 29 (12): 2298-305. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgn226. PMID 18845560. Lee LH, Moh MC, Zhang T, Shen S (August 2009). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEPACAM

Ultraviolet Radiation Carcinogenesis". In Bast RC, Kufe DW, Pollock RE, et al. (eds.). Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine (5th ed.). ... Many studies of heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis show that such heavy metals cause a reduction in expression of DNA repair ... Carcinogenesis. 27 (12): 2402-08. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl079. PMC 2612936. PMID 16728433. Tutt AN, van Oostrom CT, Ross GM, van ... Carcinogenesis (review). 30 (7): 1073-81. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp127. PMID 19468060. Ungefroren H, Sebens S, Seidl D, Lehnert H ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer

Carcinogenesis. 17 (12): 2609-15. doi:10.1093/carcin/17.12.2609. PMID 9006096. Crudden G, Loesel R, Craven RJ (2005). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGRMC1

Carcinogenesis. 23 (7): 1139-48. doi:10.1093/carcin/23.7.1139. PMID 12117771. "Entrez Gene: PCLKC protocadherin LKC". Yang LY, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCLKC

Carcinogenesis. 33 (7): 1294-301. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgs179. PMID 22610076. Sand M, Skrygan M, Sand D, Georgas D, Hahn SA, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-572_microRNA_precursor_family

Carcinogenesis. 33 (10): 1833-42. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgs216. PMC 3529556. PMID 22739026. Gupta P, Kim B, Kim SH, Srivastava SK ... Carcinogenesis. 21 (6): 1157-62. doi:10.1093/carcin/21.6.1157. PMID 10837004. Kensler TW, Curphey TJ, Maxiutenko Y, Roebuck BD ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruciferous_vegetables

Yokota J (March 2000). "Tumor progression and metastasis" (PDF). Carcinogenesis. 21 (3): 497-503. doi:10.1093/carcin/21.3.497. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncogene

Carcinogenesis. 2 (2): 121-7. doi:10.1093/carcin/2.2.121. PMID 7273295. Autier P.; Dore J.-F.; Cesarini J.-P. (1997). "Should ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psoralen

Carcinogenesis. 27 (11): 2308-15. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl073. PMID 16714329. Meng Q, Raha A, Roy S, Hu J, Kalvakolanu DV (May ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPGES-2

Carcinogenesis. 31 (2): 234-8. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp287. PMID 19955392. Wang Y, Broderick P, Webb E, Wu X, Vijayakrishnan J, ... Carcinogenesis. 30 (6): 987-90. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp090. PMID 19369581. Broderick P, Wang Y, Vijayakrishnan J, Matakidou A, ... Carcinogenesis. 31 (11): 1977-1981. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgq179. PMC 2966556. PMID 20802237. Petersen GM, Amundadottir L, Fuchs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLPTM1L

Newborn male B6C3F1 mice". Carcinogenesis. 5 (12): 1623-1628. doi:10.1093/carcin/5.12.1623. PMID 6499113. Apiole Phenylpropene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dillapiole

Loeb, Keith R.; Loeb, Lawrence A. (March 2000). "Significance of multiple mutations in cancer". Carcinogenesis. 21 (3): 379-385 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroRNA

Carcinogenesis. 23 (11): 1885-1895. doi:10.1093/carcin/23.11.1885. PMID 12419837. Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Lau SK, Boutros PC, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H19_(gene)

Carcinogenesis. 34 (1): 176-82. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgs324. PMC 3584949. PMID 23066085. Kuhn H, Banthiya S, van Leyen K (April ... Carcinogenesis. 34 (1): 176-82. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgs324. PMC 3584949. PMID 23066085. O'Flaherty JT, Wooten RE, Samuel MP, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALOX15

Carcinogenesis. 23 (6): 983-991. doi:10.1093/carcin/23.6.983. PMID 12082020. Ivan C. Guerrero; Lucia S. Andres; Leticia G. Leon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnosol

Epigenetic repression of DNA repair genes in accurate DNA repair pathways appear to be central to carcinogenesis. The two gray- ... de Boer J, Hoeijmakers JH (March 2000). "Nucleotide excision repair and human syndromes" (PDF). Carcinogenesis. 21 (3): 453-60 ... Carcinogenesis. 27 (12): 2402-08. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl079. PMC 2612936. PMID 16728433. Tutt AN, van Oostrom CT, Ross GM, van ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_repair

Carcinogenesis. 6 (2): 219-23. doi:10.1093/carcin/6.2.219. PMID 3971488. Peng DR, Pacifici GM, Rane A (1984). "Human fetal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPHX1

Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed ... This model of carcinogenesis is popular because it explains why cancers grow. It would be expected that cells that are damaged ... Dixon K, Kopras E (December 2004). "Genetic alterations and DNA repair in human carcinogenesis". Seminars in Cancer Biology. 14 ... A new way of looking at carcinogenesis comes from integrating the ideas of developmental biology into oncology. The cancer stem ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenesis

chemical carcinogenesis is the general title of the series of international meetings which are held, biannually, in sardinia ( ... DNA apoptosis breast cancer cancer carcinogenesis cell cell death hormones liver prevention tumor ... "chemical carcinogenesis" is the general title of the series of international meetings which are held, biannually, in sardinia ( ... Growth Hormone-Regulated Expression of the c-myc Gene during Sex-Differentiated Promotion of Rat Liver Carcinogenesis ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4615-3694-9

In situ hybridization demonstrated that during colorectal carcinogenesis, the expression of AQPs 1 and 5 was induced in early- ... which may lead to a better understanding of colorectal carcinogenesis. ... To confirm these findings in vivo and to evaluate the pattern of AQP induction during carcinogenesis, we performed in situ ... Moon, C., Soria, JC., Jang, S. et al. Involvement of aquaporins in colorectal carcinogenesis. Oncogene 22, 6699-6703 (2003). ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/1206762?error=cookies_not_supported&code=8e64e7e5-ed25-4bf2-b5b5-3807025d148f

I have been privileged to witness and participate in the great growth of knowledge on chemical carcinogenesis and mutagenesis ... Carcinom DNA Mutagene Onkogene Viren cancer cancer research carcinogenesis cellular differentiation mutagen mutagenesis ... The important and varied topics that are reviewed here attest to the continued growth of the fields of chemical car- cinogenesis ... I have been privileged to witness and participate in the great growth of knowledge on chemical carcinogenesis and mutagenesis ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-74778-6

Inflammation in prostate carcinogenesis.. De Marzo AM1, Platz EA, Sutcliffe S, Xu J, Grönberg H, Drake CG, Nakai Y, Isaacs WB, ... Recently, a new hypothesis has been proposed for prostate carcinogenesis. It proposes that exposure to environmental factors ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17384581?dopt=Abstract

NIOSH-Publication; NIOSH-Grant; Dust-inhalation; Asbestos-dusts; Carcinogenesis; Lung-fibrosis; Respiratory-disorders; Lung- ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/00012058.html

They found that twenty cases (33.9%) showed promoter methylation and no relation was observed with the clinicopathological factors. The promoter methylation of CHFR was frequently accompanied with MIN. Seven of 20 (35.0%) cases showed MIN in hypermethylation of the CHFR tumor, while three of 39 (7.7%) cases showed MIN in the non-methylated CHFR tumor (P , 0.01). However, they failed to find any relationship between CHFR methylation and p53 mutation status ...

http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1703953/a_major_breakthrough_in_gastric_carcinogenesis/

Division of Virus-associated Carcinogenesis. Prof. Dr. Ralf Bartenschlager. Chronic infections with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and ... Building on this expertise, within the division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis at the German Cancer Research Center we focus ...

https://www.dkfz.de/en/virus-assoziierte-karzinogenese/index.php

... Ludmila Lozneanu,1 Elena Cojocaru,1 Simona Eliza Giuşcă,1 Alexandru ... Their structural stability, once altered, triggers the initiation of the sequences characteristic for ovarian carcinogenesis, ... motivated by the perspectives provided through the current limited knowledge on their role in ovarian carcinogenesis and on ... of the signaling pathways brings about new advances in the understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of ovarian carcinogenesis ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2015/321740/abs/

Biomarkers; Carcinogenesis; Carcinogens; Cancer; Diagnostic-tests; Diagnostic-techniques; Analytical-processes; Construction- ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20045268.html

Transplacental carcinogenesis is a series of genotypic and/or phenotypic changes in the cells of a fetus due to in utero ... Donovan PJ (June 1999). "Cell sensitivity to transplacental carcinogenesis by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea is greatest in early post- ... Alexandrov V, Aiello C, Rossi L (1990). "Modifying factors in prenatal carcinogenesis (review)". In Vivo. 4 (5): 327-35. PMID ... Magee PN (October 1975). "Transplacental carcinogenesis". Proc. R. Soc. Med. 68 (10): 655-7. PMC 1864063. PMID 1208519.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplacental_carcinogenesis

I have been privileged to witness and participate in the great growth of knowledge on chemical carcinogenesis and mutagenesis ... Chemical Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis II. Editors: Cooper, Colin S., Grover, Philip L. (Eds.) ... The important and varied topics that are reviewed here attest to the continued growth of the fields of chemical car- cinogenesis ... I have been privileged to witness and participate in the great growth of knowledge on chemical carcinogenesis and mutagenesis ...

https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783642747809?wt_mc=

Systemic buffers inhibit carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice.. Ibrahim-Hashim A1, Cornnell HH, Abrahams D, Lloyd M, Bui M, Gillies RJ ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704445?dopt=Abstract

Together with Volume 1, this book provides an inclusive overview of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and ... Mechanisms of Molecular Carcinogenesis - Volume 2. Editors. * Johannes Haybäck Copyright. 2017. Publisher. Springer ... Together with Volume 1, this book provides an inclusive overview of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and ... This second volume complements the first by presenting and concisely explaining the carcinogenesis of various tumor entities ...

https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319536606?utm_campaign=sl-buybox_bookPage_print&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=springerlink

Using the K14-HPV16 mouse model of squamous carcinogenesis, we rep … ... FcRgamma activation regulates inflammation-associated squamous carcinogenesis Cancer Cell. 2010 Feb 17;17(2):121-34. doi: ... Using the K14-HPV16 mouse model of squamous carcinogenesis, we report that B cells and humoral immunity foster cancer ... and activating FcgammaRs are required for establishing chronic inflammatory programs that promote de novo carcinogenesis. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20138013/?dopt=Abstract

In cancer cells, abnormal methylation patterns of DNA sequences are often present. By examining the role of the PML-RAR fusion gene, a well-studied translocation in leukemia, Di Croce et al. demonstrate that transcriptional silencing in cancer cells can occur through the recruitment of a DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) by the PML-RAR fusion protein. Recruitment of Dnmts results in the hypermethylation of a PML-RAR target gene, RARβ2. In the presence of PML-RAR and Dnmt, cell differentiation was blocked, but this block could be overcome by administration of retinoic acid. Hence, transcription factors associated with neoplasia can function in methylation-linked silencing of genes important for growth and differentiation. Furthermore, the work shows that a genetic change in cancer can induce epigenetic gene silencing. L. Di Croce, V. A. Raker, M. Corsaro, F. Fazi, M. Fanelli, M. Faretta, F. Fuks, F. Lo Coco, T. Kouzarides, C. Nervi, S. Minucci, P. G. Pelicci, Methyltransferase recruitment and DNA ...

http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2002/119/tw67

... Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2002;42:25-54. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.42.082101.154309. ... Many mechanisms have been proposed for the inhibition of carcinogenesis by tea, including the modulation of signal transduction ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11807163/?dopt=Abstract

If the model for mouse skin carcinogenesis is valid for other tissues and human carcinogenesis, then a strong, long-term COX-2 ... Buckman S. Y., Gresham, A., Hale, P., Hruza, P., Anast, J., Masferrer, J. & Pentland, A. P. (1998) Carcinogenesis19,723-729. ... Transgenic cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression sensitizes mouse skin for carcinogenesis. Karin Müller-Decker, Gitta Neufang, Irina ... Transgenic cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression sensitizes mouse skin for carcinogenesis. Karin Müller-Decker, Gitta Neufang, Irina ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/99/19/12483?ijkey=279082762c89da4ffaa8b609f69cbcbe32ce15b6&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

To investigate the role of PPARγ in colon carcinogenesis, we used a chemical model of carcinogenesis. Azoxymethane is an ... APC-dependent suppression of colon carcinogenesis by PPARγ. Geoffrey D. Girnun, Wendy M. Smith, Stavit Drori, Pasha Sarraf, ... APC-dependent suppression of colon carcinogenesis by PPARγ. Geoffrey D. Girnun, Wendy M. Smith, Stavit Drori, Pasha Sarraf, ... Carcinogenesis and β-Catenin Levels in the Presence of a Mutated Apc Allele.. If this suppression of β-catenin levels by PPARγ ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/99/21/13771?ijkey=ce248f3b8fc2aba76b41c2a9d8fafef66705fb65&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... It has been suggested that Oncogenesis and Tumorigenesis be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) ... This model of carcinogenesis is popular because it explains why cancers grow. It would be expected that cells that are damaged ... Carcinogenesis (meaning literally, the creation of cancer) is the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer ... Mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Cancer is, ultimately, a disease of genes. In order for cells to start dividing uncontrollably, ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Carcinogenesis.html

Intimacy counselling. Find out more about our free, confidential counselling with medical specialists trained in intimacy, body image, sexual confidence and relationships. Available to all those facing cancer and their partners, including members of the LGBTQI community. ...

https://www.cancervic.org.au/research/projects/project_cigarette_tar2.html

Xenobiotic-Metabolizing gene polymorphisms and ovarian cancer risk (pages 397-402). Ellen L. Goode, Kristin L. White, Robert A. Vierkant, Catherine M. Phelan, Julie M. Cunningham, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Andrew Berchuck, Melissa C. Larson, Brooke L. Fridley, Janet E. Olson, Penelope M. Webb, Xiaoqing Chen, Jonathan Beesley, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Thomas A. Sellers, the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium, the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group and the Australian Cancer Study (Ovarian Cancer). Version of Record online: 28 DEC 2010 , DOI: 10.1002/mc.20714. ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mc.v50.5/issuetoc

This study compares models for long term carcinogenesis studies, evaluates smokeless tobacco product carcinogenicity, and ... This study will determine the appropriate animal models for long-term carcinogenesis studies, evaluate and compare the ...

https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/research/developing-methods-evaluation-smokeless-tobacco-associated-carcinogenesis

2017 by CRC Press Growth Regulation and Carcinogenesis discusses topics such as growth factors, including stimulators and ... Growth Regulation and Carcinogenesis discusses topics such as growth factors, including stimulators and inhibitors of ...

https://www.routledge.com/Growth-Regulation-and-Carcinogenesis-Volume-I/Paukovits/p/book/9781315893228

Processed Meat and Colon Carcinogenesis. Official Title ICMJE Effect of Processed Meat on Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Study of ... Processed Meat and Colon Carcinogenesis (Hemcancer). The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of ... Calcium and α-tocopherol suppress cured-meat promotion of chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in rats and reduce associated ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT00994526

Buy Mechanisms of Environmental Mutagenesis-Carcinogenesis by A. Kappas from Waterstones today! Click and Collect from your ... Mechanisms of Environmental Mutagenesis-Carcinogenesis (Paperback). A. Kappas (author) Sign in to write a review ... The programme was chosen to explore what is currently known about the mechanisms of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, induced by ... It is only their presenta- tions which are included in this book, covering the following topics: Mutations and carcinogenesis; ...

https://www.waterstones.com/book/mechanisms-of-environmental-mutagenesis-carcinogenesis/a-kappas/9781461366980

The MD Anderson Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis department aims to identify the processes that drive cancer. Learn ... The Center for Environmental and Molecular Carcinogenesis (CEMC) also has members in both Smithville and Houston. ... Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Unit 116. Main Telephone Number: 512-237-2403. Mailing Address: P.O. ... Welcome to the Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis. We are an interdisciplinary, basic science research ...

https://www.mdanderson.org/research/departments-labs-institutes/departments-divisions/epigenetics-and-molecular-carcinogenesis.html

... Description. Presents information describing investigations of molecular aspects of the mechanisms ... carcinogenesis studies in transgenic mice; and research on human tumor viruses. ... carcinogenesis studies in transgenic mice; and research on human tumor viruses. ... involved in chemical, physical, and viral (biological) carcinogenesis. The journals areas of interest include, but are not ...

https://www.ovid.com/product-details.9867.html

Home , Journals , Molecular Carcinogenesis View PDF. Molecular Carcinogenesis. Editor(s): John DiGiovanni. Publisher: Wiley. ... carcinogenesis studies in transgenic mice; and research on human tumor viruses. ...

http://ovid.com/site/catalog/journals/9867.jsp

chemical carcinogenesis" is the general title of the series of international meetings which are held, biannually, in sardinia (Italy) since 1981. (springer.com)
I have been privileged to witness and participate in the great growth of knowledge on chemical carcinogenesis and mutagenesis since 1939 when I entered graduate school in biochemistry at the University of Wisconsin- Madison. (springer.com)
In 1942 I joined a fellow graduate student, ELIZABETH CA VERT, in marriage and we soon commenced a joyous part- nership in research on chemical carcinogenesis at the McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research in the University of Wisconsin Medical School in Madison. (springer.com)
We report here that PPARγ is a powerful tumor suppressor gene in the colon, and that loss of one allele of PPARγ is sufficient to increase sensitivity to chemical carcinogenesis. (pnas.org)
Interestingly, low levels of AID expression synergized with two-step chemical carcinogenesis of the skin, whereas AID knockout animals were protected. (sciencemag.org)
Fig. 1: Multi-step concept of chemical carcinogenesis (from: Hengstler et al. (ifado.de)

Sirt3 has also now been identified as a genomically expressed, mitochondrial localized tumor suppressor and this review will outline potential relationships between mitochondrial ROS/superoxide levels, aging, and cell phenotypes permissive for estrogen and progesterone receptor positive breast carcinogenesis. (mdpi.com)

Building on this expertise, within the division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis at the German Cancer Research Center we focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to persistent infection, how chronic viral hepatitis contributes to liver cancer and how oncogenic viruses develop from an evolutionary point of view. (dkfz.de)
Together with Volume 1, this book provides an inclusive overview of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and offers comprehensive insights into related clinical and therapeutic aspects. (springer.com)
Accordingly, his research focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving carcinogenesis. (springer.com)
Many mechanisms have been proposed for the inhibition of carcinogenesis by tea, including the modulation of signal transduction pathways that leads to the inhibition of cell proliferation and transformation, induction of apoptosis of preneoplastic and neoplastic cells, as well as inhibition of tumor invasion and angiogenesis. (nih.gov)
The programme was chosen to explore what is currently known about the mechanisms of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, induced by environmental agents, and the questions regarding the relationship of these two processes. (waterstones.com)
Nevertheless, the mechanisms of antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of during MNNG-induced gastric carcinogenesis are not clearly understood. (hindawi.com)
Mechanisms underlying this neoplastic transformation are not fully understood though studies in experimental models of colon carcinogenesis suggest that inflammatory cell-derived cytokines either directly or indirectly stimulate the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
Here we aimed to investigate the presence of Td chymotrypsin-like proteinase ( Td -CTLP) in major orodigestive tumours and to elucidate potential mechanisms for Td to contribute to carcinogenesis. (nature.com)
These proceedings focus on the latest research in molecular mechanisms of metal-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis. (bookdepository.com)
Our cutting-edge research programs aim to understand the basic mechanisms of carcinogenesis and build upon our long-standing strength in determining how environmental influences impact cancer formation. (mdanderson.org)
Our research focus areas include: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Genome Integrity - DNA Replication, Recombination and Repair, Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, and Cancer Stem Cells and Programmed Cell Death. (mdanderson.org)
There are various different mechanisms that are affected and result in carcinogenesis. (omicsonline.org)
Several oncogenic alterations, such as KRAS and EGFR mutations, and EML4-ALK fusion genes as well as inactivation of tumor suppressor gene of TP53 in lung cancer have been reported, however the precise molecular mechanisms of pulmonary carcinogenesis are still far from fully understood ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
This is particularly important for chemical exposures in the low-dose range that may be affecting crucial cancer hallmark mechanisms that serve to enable carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
Expert recommendations include the need for better insights into the ways in which noncarcinogenic constituents might combine to uniquely affect the process of cellular transformation ( in vitro ) and environmental carcinogenesis ( in vivo ), including investigations of the role of key defense mechanisms in maintaining transformed cells in a dormant state. (nih.gov)

In situ hybridization demonstrated that during colorectal carcinogenesis, the expression of AQPs 1 and 5 was induced in early-stage disease (early dysplasia) and maintained through the late stages of colon cancer development. (nature.com)
These novel observations suggest that multiple AQP expression may be advantageous to tumorigenesis, which may lead to a better understanding of colorectal carcinogenesis. (nature.com)
Based upon these observations, by performing in situ hybridization on 16 colorectal cancer tissue samples, we further studied the expression of AQPs in vivo by using the well-established multistep colorectal carcinogenesis model ( Fearon and Vogelstein, 1991 ). (nature.com)
Our results provide a clear and novel example of multiple AQP expression during human colorectal carcinogenesis. (nature.com)
Effect of Processed Meat on Colorectal Carcinogenesis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
This review summarizes the roles of microRNAs in the regulating of Wnt, Ras, TGF-β, and inflammatory signaling pathways, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, for carcinogenesis and metastasis in colorectal cancer. (mdpi.com)
Guo Y, Bao Y, Yang W. Regulatory miRNAs in Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Metastasis. (mdpi.com)
Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are small lesions of the colorectal region which may be markers of colon carcinogenesis. (rainbow.coop)
The focus is on human and murine colorectal carcinogenesis and the histogenesis of this malignant disorder. (carcinogenesis.com)
Here, the role of the most common BRAF mutation BRAF V600E in human carcinogenesis is investigated through a review of the literature, with specific focus on its role in melanoma, colorectal, and thyroid cancers and its potential as a therapeutic target. (aacrjournals.org)
Background and aims: The effect of adiponectin on colorectal carcinogenesis has been proposed but not fully investigated. (ebscohost.com)
Western blot analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanism which affected colorectal carcinogenesis by adiponectin defi- ciency. (ebscohost.com)
These studies indicate a novel mechanism of suppression of colorectal carcinogenesis induced by a Western-style high-fat diet. (ebscohost.com)

Welcome to the Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis. (mdanderson.org)
As one of six basic science departments at MD Anderson, with faculty members in both Houston and Smithville, the Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis makes substantial contributions to the research and education missions of the institution. (mdanderson.org)
The Virginia Harris Cockrell Cancer Research Center at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Science Park) is a basic science research campus of MD Anderson and home to the Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis. (mdanderson.org)

Cr(6+) causes free radical formation which is toxic to DNA and can lead to carcinogenesis. (rainbow.coop)
Could ongoing low-dose exposures to a mixture of commonly encountered environmental chemicals produce effects in concert that lead to carcinogenesis? (nih.gov)
The real factors that lead to carcinogenesis with ureterosigmoidostomy are still unknown. (scielo.br)

The Tobacco and Environmental Carcinogenesis (TEC) Program brings together researchers who conduct transdisciplinary studies that address cancer incidence, morbidity and mortality related to tobacco dependence and exposure to environmental carcinogens. (pennmedicine.org)
This application is to renew the T32 ES-09250-30 training grant entitled, "Environmental Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis" (ECM) which has been under the direction of Dr. Stambrook since its inception in 1986. (nih.gov)
The ECM training program initially focused exclusively on environmental carcinogenesis and mutagenesis as its title implied. (nih.gov)

These data show that PPARγ can suppress β-catenin levels and colon carcinogenesis but only before damage to the APC/β-catenin pathway. (pnas.org)
Chemical Model of Colon Carcinogenesis. (pnas.org)
Calcium and α-tocopherol suppress cured-meat promotion of chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in rats and reduce associated biomarkers in human volunteers. (clinicaltrials.gov)
In recent years, researchers discovered D. officinale also had the preventive effects on the formation of lung metastases and colon carcinogenesis [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Specifically, she sought to determine the production of heterocyclic aryl amines (HCAs) due to cooking and their role in the initiation and/or promotion of colon carcinogenesis. (aicr.org)
This review outlines the beneficial and detrimental role of inflammation in colon carcinogenesis. (mdpi.com)
The known route established for colon carcinogenesis with formation of ACF, is the same pathway of surgical carcinogenesis in urinary diversions? (scielo.br)

COX-2-selective inhibitors exhibited chemopreventive activity against chemically ( 6 ) and UV light-induced ( 11 , 12 ) skin carcinogenesis in mice. (pnas.org)
Oral curcumin inhibits skin carcinogenesis in mice. (greenmedinfo.com)
Inhibitory effect of dietary curcumin on skin carcinogenesis in mice. (greenmedinfo.com)

This second volume complements the first by presenting and concisely explaining the carcinogenesis of various tumor entities such as non-melanoma skin cancers, bone and soft tissue tumors, pancreatic cancers, hepatocellular cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. (springer.com)
To delineate COX-2 functions for carcinogenesis, we have used the initiation-promotion model ( 2 ) for the induction of skin tumors in wild-type (wt) NMRI mice and COX-2 transgenic mouse lines. (pnas.org)
Resveratrol, but not EGCG, suppressed mammary carcinogenesis (fewer tumors per rat and longer tumor latency). (carcinogenesis.com)
LOH and X-chromosome inactivation assays show that the coexisting tumors in many cases of multifocal urothelial carcinoma have a unique clonal origin and arise from independently transformed progenitor urothelial cells, supporting the "field effect" theory for urothelial carcinogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
Constitutively active RAS plays a central role in the development of human cancer and is sufficient to induce tumors in two-stage skin carcinogenesis. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Novel biomarkers of asbestos carcinogenesis. (cdc.gov)
This study will determine the appropriate animal models for long-term carcinogenesis studies, evaluate and compare the carcinogenicity of smokeless tobacco products, and develop biomarkers for the risks associated with smokeless tobacco exposure. (fda.gov)
We present a new class of molecular specific contrast agents for optical imaging of carcinogenesis in vivo - gold nanoparticles conjugated with monoclonal antibodies specific for cancer biomarkers. (osapublishing.org)

We demonstrate the first in vivo application of plasmon coupling for molecular imaging of carcinogenesis. (spiedigitallibrary.org)

Further analysis revealed that Dendrobium officinale extracts could regulate the DNA damage, oxidative stress, and cytokines related with carcinogenesis and induce cell apoptosis in order to prevent gastric cancer. (hindawi.com)

Inflammation in prostate carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
Because of its presence within tumours and regulatory activity on proteins critical for the regulation of tumour microenvironment and inflammation, the Td- CTLP may contribute to orodigestive carcinogenesis. (nature.com)
Epidemiological data link chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis, and the data presented by Nonaka et al . (sciencemag.org)
Inflammation-induced AID expression in epithelial cells drives mutagenesis and skin carcinogenesis independent of UV damage. (sciencemag.org)
Objective: To investigate the role of obesity-associated inflammation and immune modulation in gastric carcinogenesis during Helicobacter-induced chronic gastric inflammation. (mit.edu)

Experimental asbestos carcinogenesis. (cdc.gov)

Using the K14-HPV16 mouse model of squamous carcinogenesis, we report that B cells and humoral immunity foster cancer development by activating Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaRs) on resident and recruited myeloid cells. (nih.gov)
The current authors studied the evolution of miRNA levels of expression in biopsies at the successive stages of human bronchial squamous carcinogenesis in order to determine their potential role in this pathological process and to identify potential tools for early detection of lung cancer. (ersjournals.com)

Oxidative damage to cellular DNA can lead to mutations and may, therefore, play an important role in the initiation and progression of multistage carcinogenesis. (carcinogenesis.com)

The experimental manipulation of carcinogenesis through the use of "adequate biological models" has not simplified the problems about cancer, but it has led us to face the complexity of otherwise elementary biological properties, cell proliferation and differentiation. (springer.com)

As shown here, overexpression of COX-2 targeted to basal keratinocytes contributes to skin-tumor promotion and progression by establishing an autopromoted skin phenotype, i.e., the initiating dose of DMBA is sufficient to induce skin carcinogenesis in COX-2 transgenic mice. (pnas.org)

Currently, the deciphering of the signaling pathways brings about new advances in the understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of ovarian carcinogenesis, which is based on the interaction of several molecules with different biochemical structure that, consequently, intervene in cell metabolism, through their role as regulators in proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. (hindawi.com)
Their structural stability, once altered, triggers the initiation of the sequences characteristic for ovarian carcinogenesis, through their role as modulators for several signaling pathways, contributing to the disruption of cellular junctions, disturbance of pro-/antiapoptotic equilibrium, and alteration of transmission of the signals specific for the molecular pathways. (hindawi.com)
The Cutaneous Development and Carcinogenesis Section studies the signaling pathways such as Hedgehog signaling that regulate the development and maintenance of normal skin, and the changes in these signals that occur during the formation of skin cancer. (nih.gov)
MicroRNAs, one of the categories of epigenetics, have been demonstrated significant roles in carcinogenesis and progression through regulating of oncogenic signaling pathways, stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. (mdpi.com)

The Center for Cancer Epigenetics (CCE) and the Center for Environmental and Molecular Carcinogenesis (CEMC) . (mdanderson.org)

Carcinogenesis refers to the multistep process of normal cells becoming cancer cells. (mdanderson.org)
Carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving a number of changes in normal cellular activities. (epa.gov)

Molecular imaging of carcinogenesis with metal nanoparticles. (osapublishing.org)

Laboratory animal model studies have suggested that curcumin may play an important role in inhibiting the process of carcinogenesis. (greenmedinfo.com)

These findings support a model in which B cells, humoral immunity, and activating FcgammaRs are required for establishing chronic inflammatory programs that promote de novo carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
Applications submitted in response to this FOA should be focused on research that will increase our understanding of how the unique gastrointestinal microenvironment shapes mucosal immune responses in the setting of inflammatory disease-asso ciated carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
Central to the skin carcinogenesis process is the activation of the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-RAS-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway in incipient tumor cells and the associated inflammatory process that appears to enhance tumor growth ( Mueller, 2006 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

In the present study, gastric carcinogenesis in rats was used to evaluate the effect of Dendrobium officinale on cancer, and its pharmacological mechanism was explored. (hindawi.com)
Dendrobium officinale extracts (4.8 and 2.4 g/kg) were orally administered to the rats of the gastric carcinogenesis model. (hindawi.com)
To evaluate the effects of L-lysine on the intestinal and urothelial epithelium of rats subjected to ureterosigmoidostomy (new model for surgical carcinogenesis). (scielo.br)
L-lysine does not promote carcinogenesis of the intestinal and urethelial epithelium of rats subjected to ureterosigmoidostomy at the doses and times studied. (scielo.br)

It is certain that chemical carcinogens are toxic to cells and cause DNA damage: however it is still an open question as to how to relate these changes to the different stages of carcinogenesis including initiation. (springer.com)
Translation initiation is often dysregulated during carcinogenesis. (frontiersin.org)

Genetic and pharmacological evidence suggests that overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is critical for epithelial carcinogenesis and provides a major target for cancer chemoprevention by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. (pnas.org)
Studies in carcinogenesis and ultimately in chemoprevention have been part of the OSUCCC - James research efforts since the National Cancer Institute designated Ohio State as a Comprehensive Cancer Center in 1976. (osu.edu)
These studies are embodied in the Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention (MCC) Program, one of five transdisciplinary and highly collaborative research programs at the OSUCCC - James. (osu.edu)

According to the prevailing accepted theory of carcinogenesis, the somatic mutation theory, mutations in DNA and epimutations that lead to cancer disrupt these orderly processes by disrupting the programming regulating the processes, upsetting the normal balance between proliferation and cell death. (wikipedia.org)
Because adducts interfere with normal DNA replication, their presence can result in mutations that may ultimately affect a gene's function and initiate carcinogenesis. (epa.gov)
They introduced a proposal in which the augmented lactate formation, initiated by gene mutations, is the reason and purpose of the Warburg effect and that dysregulated lactate metabolism and signalling are the key elements in carcinogenesis. (positivehealth.com)

MicroRNAs globally followed a two-step evolution, first decreasing (a reverse of their increase during embryogenesis) during the earliest morphological modifications of bronchial epithelium, and thereafter increasing at later stages of lung carcinogenesis. (ersjournals.com)
The present data show, for the first time, that microRNAs are involved in bronchial carcinogenesis from the very early steps of this process and, thus, could provide tools for early detection of lung cancer. (ersjournals.com)
Our findings suggest that LRRC42 overexpression as well as its interaction with LRRC42-GATAD2B might play essential roles in lung carcinogenesis, and be a promising molecular target for lung cancer therapy. (spandidos-publications.com)

Recently, a new hypothesis has been proposed for prostate carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
The hypothesis to be tested is that reactive and redox active PAH o-quinones generated by constitutively expressed aldo-keto reductase (AKR?s)contribute to PAHmultistage carcinogenesis. (labome.org)
To test the hypothesis that AID is involved in UV-independent skin carcinogenesis, the authors expressed AID under a keratinocyte-specific promoter and observed spontaneous formation of skin and oral cancers in a dose-dependent manner. (sciencemag.org)
A workshop held at the NIEHS in August 2015 evaluated the scientific support for the low-dose mixture hypothesis of carcinogenesis and developed a research agenda. (nih.gov)
The theoretical merits of the low-dose carcinogenesis hypothesis are well founded with clear biological relevance, and therefore, the premise warrants further investigation. (nih.gov)
In August 2015, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) sponsored a workshop that evaluated the scientific support for the low-dose mixture hypothesis of carcinogenesis and developed a research agenda to identify and address critical information gaps. (nih.gov)

possible application to medium-term multiple organ bioassays for carcinogenesis modifiers. (nii.ac.jp)

Based on these results it has been hypothesized that Sirt3 functions as a mitochondrial fidelity protein whose function governs both aging and carcinogenesis by modulating ROS metabolism. (mdpi.com)

Carcinogenesis is caused by this mutation of the genetic material of normal cells, which upsets the normal balance between proliferation and cell death. (bionity.com)
More than one mutation is necessary for carcinogenesis. (bionity.com)
Carcinogenesis arises as a result of mutation in the DNA, the blue print of life. (omicsonline.org)

Results: H felis-induced gastric carcinogenesis was accelerated in diet-induced obese mice compared with lean controls. (mit.edu)
In H felis-infected mice, obesity increased proinflammatory immune responses and accelerated gastric carcinogenesis. (mit.edu)

The proteins synthesized using a cap-independent mechanism are involved in cancer cell growth, survival, and metastasis suggesting a significant role for translational control during carcinogenesis. (frontiersin.org)

Transplacental carcinogenesis is a series of genotypic and/or phenotypic changes in the cells of a fetus due to in utero exposure to carcinogens. (wikipedia.org)

Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology and molecular carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)

In this study, we report that mice lacking IL-1R or MyD88 are less sensitive to topical skin carcinogenesis than their respective wild-type (WT) controls. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Anatomy22

Organisms20

Diseases58

Chemicals and Drugs94

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Health Care3

Additive SMILES-based carcinogenicity models: Probabilistic principles in the search for robust predictions. (1/423)

Functional analysis of familial Asp67Glu and Thr1051Ser BRCA1 mutations in breast/ovarian carcinogenesis. (2/423)

Lewis Y promotes growth and adhesion of ovarian carcinoma-derived RMG-I cells by upregulating growth factors. (3/423)

Alcohol intake and folate antagonism via CYP2E1 and ALDH1: effects on oral carcinogenesis. (4/423)

The propensity for tumorigenesis in human induced pluripotent stem cells is related with genomic instability. (5/423)

The good, the bad and the ugly: epigenetic mechanisms in glioblastoma. (6/423)

Analysis of a novel highly metastatic melanoma cell line identifies osteopontin as a new lymphangiogenic factor. (7/423)

Eicosanoid profiling in colon cancer: emergence of a pattern. (8/423)

Carcinogens

Carcinogenesis

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic

Cocarcinogenesis

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene

Precancerous Conditions

Azoxymethane

Anticarcinogenic Agents

Papilloma

Rats, Inbred F344

Skin Neoplasms

Methylnitrosourea

Colonic Neoplasms

Carcinogenicity Tests

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine

Neoplasms, Experimental

Nitrosamines

Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

Stomach Neoplasms

Adenocarcinoma

Adenoma

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide

Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced

Liver Neoplasms, Experimental

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

Diethylnitrosamine

Neoplasms

Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine

Carcinogens, Environmental

Dimethylhydrazines

Methylnitronitrosoguanidine

Benzo(a)pyrene

Genes, ras

Immunohistochemistry

Colorectal Neoplasms

Hyperplasia

Mesocricetus

Cell Line, Tumor

Mouth Neoplasms

DNA Methylation

Cyclooxygenase 2

Chemoprevention

Lung Neoplasms

Liver Neoplasms

Colon

Cell Proliferation

Carcinoma

Apoptosis

Mice, Transgenic

Intestinal Neoplasms

Cell Division

DNA Adducts

Azaserine

Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

DNA Damage

Keratinocytes

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Urethane

Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Tumor Markers, Biological

Mutagens

Mutation

2-Acetylaminofluorene

RNA, Messenger

Esophageal Neoplasms

Disease Models, Animal

Genes, Tumor Suppressor

Signal Transduction

Mice, Inbred SENCAR

DNA, Neoplasm

Disease Progression

Genes, p53

Epithelial Cells

Diet

Mutagenicity Tests

Gastric Mucosa

Ultraviolet Rays

Mice, Hairless

Benz(a)Anthracenes