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Carboxypeptidase HCarboxypeptidasesMannoheptuloseChromaffin GranulesCarboxypeptidase BCarboxypeptidases ALysine CarboxypeptidaseCathepsin AMicromonosporaceaeThermoactinomycesEncyclopedias as TopicSubstrate SpecificityMicromonosporaSerine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala CarboxypeptidaseStreptomycesDictionaries, MedicalDictionaries as TopicProtein O-MethyltransferaseProtein FootprintingEpitope MappingAmino Acid SequenceAmino AcidsSequence Analysis, DNABooks, IllustratedAbstracting and Indexing as TopicMolecular Sequence DataAntibodiesAntibody SpecificityAntibodies, MonoclonalRabbitsAntibodies, ViralPolynucleotide 5'-Hydroxyl-KinasePolyribonucleotide NucleotidyltransferasePolynucleotidesPatents as TopicExoribonucleasesPolyglutamic AcidPteroylpolyglutamic AcidsOxepinsSodium AzideAuthorshipKnowledge BasesGPI-Linked ProteinsMetalloendopeptidasesNeuraminidaseElectronic MailAmino Acids, AromaticScienceRecombinant ProteinsProprotein Convertase 2Pro-Opiomelanocortin
Carboxypeptidase H: A ZINC-containing exopeptidase primarily found in SECRETORY VESICLES of endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. It catalyzes the cleavage of C-terminal ARGININE or LYSINE residues from polypeptides and is active in processing precursors of PEPTIDE HORMONES and other bioactive peptides.Carboxypeptidases: Enzymes that act at a free C-terminus of a polypeptide to liberate a single amino acid residue.Mannoheptulose: A 7-carbon keto sugar having the mannose configuration.Chromaffin Granules: Organelles in CHROMAFFIN CELLS located in the adrenal glands and various other organs. These granules are the site of the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE.Carboxypeptidase B: A ZINC-dependent carboxypeptidase primary found in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The enzyme catalyzes the preferential cleavage of a C-terminal peptidyl-L-lysine or arginine. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.2.2 and EC 3.4.12.3.Carboxypeptidases A: Carboxypeptidases that are primarily found the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM that catalyze the release of C-terminal amino acids. Carboxypeptidases A have little or no activity for hydrolysis of C-terminal ASPARTIC ACID; GLUTAMIC ACID; ARGININE; LYSINE; or PROLINE. This enzyme requires ZINC as a cofactor and was formerly listed as EC 3.4.2.1 and EC 3.4.12.2.Lysine Carboxypeptidase: A metallocarboxypeptidase that removes C-terminal basic amino acid from peptides and proteins, with preference shown for lysine over arginine. It is a plasma zinc enzyme that inactivates bradykinin and anaphylatoxins.Cathepsin A: A carboxypeptidase that catalyzes the release of a C-terminal amino acid with a broad specificity. It also plays a role in the LYSOSOMES by protecting BETA-GALACTOSIDASE and NEURAMINIDASE from degradation. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.12.1 and EC 3.4.21.13.Micromonosporaceae: A family of gram-positive, saprophytic bacteria occurring in soil and aquatic environments.Thermoactinomyces: A genus of gram-positive bacteria in the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, that can cause FARMER'S LUNG.Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Substrate Specificity: A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.Micromonospora: A genus of gram-positive bacteria that forms a branched mycelium. It commonly occurs as a saprophytic form in soil and aquatic environments.Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase: A carboxypeptidase that is specific for proteins that contain two ALANINE residues on their C-terminal. Enzymes in this class play an important role in bacterial CELL WALL biosynthesis.Streptomyces: A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.Dictionaries, MedicalDictionaries as Topic: Lists of words, usually in alphabetical order, giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning.Protein O-Methyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine to free carboxyl groups of a protein molecule forming methyl esters. EC 2.1.1.-.Protein Footprinting: A method for determining points of contact between interacting proteins or binding sites of proteins to nucleic acids. Protein footprinting utilizes a protein cutting reagent or protease. Protein cleavage is inhibited where the proteins, or nucleic acids and protein, contact each other. After completion of the cutting reaction, the remaining peptide fragments are analyzed by electrophoresis.Epitope Mapping: Methods used for studying the interactions of antibodies with specific regions of protein antigens. Important applications of epitope mapping are found within the area of immunochemistry.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Books, Illustrated: Books containing photographs, prints, drawings, portraits, plates, diagrams, facsimiles, maps, tables, or other representations or systematic arrangement of data designed to elucidate or decorate its contents. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p114)Abstracting and Indexing as Topic: Activities performed to identify concepts and aspects of published information and research reports.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).Antibody Specificity: The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Antibodies, Viral: Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.Polynucleotide 5'-Hydroxyl-Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group to the 5'-terminal hydroxyl groups of DNA and RNA. EC 2.7.1.78.Polyribonucleotide Nucleotidyltransferase: An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reaction RNA(n+1) and orthophosphate to yield RNA(n) and a nucleoside diphosphate, or the reverse reaction. ADP, IDP, GDP, UDP, and CDP can act as donors in the latter case. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.7.7.8.PolynucleotidesPatents as Topic: Exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc.Exoribonucleases: A family of enzymes that catalyze the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA. It includes EC 3.1.13.-, EC 3.1.14.-, EC 3.1.15.-, and EC 3.1.16.-. EC 3.1.-Polyglutamic Acid: A peptide that is a homopolymer of glutamic acid.Pteroylpolyglutamic Acids: Derivatives of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid). In gamma-glutamyl linkage they are found in many tissues. They are converted to folic acid by the action of pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase or synthesized from folic acid by the action of folate polyglutamate synthetase. Synthetic pteroylpolyglutamic acids, which are in alpha-glutamyl linkage, are active in bacterial growth assays.Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)Authorship: The profession of writing. Also the identity of the writer as the creator of a literary production.Knowledge Bases: Collections of facts, assumptions, beliefs, and heuristics that are used in combination with databases to achieve desired results, such as a diagnosis, an interpretation, or a solution to a problem (From McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed).GPI-Linked Proteins: A subclass of lipid-linked proteins that contain a GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL LINKAGE which holds them to the CELL MEMBRANE.Metalloendopeptidases: ENDOPEPTIDASES which use a metal such as ZINC in the catalytic mechanism.Neuraminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-2,3, alpha-2,6-, and alpha-2,8-glycosidic linkages (at a decreasing rate, respectively) of terminal sialic residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid, and synthetic substrate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)Electronic Mail: Messages between computer users via COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS. This feature duplicates most of the features of paper mail, such as forwarding, multiple copies, and attachments of images and other file types, but with a speed advantage. The term also refers to an individual message sent in this way.Amino Acids, Aromatic: Amino acids containing an aromatic side chain.Science: The study of natural phenomena by observation, measurement, and experimentation.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Proprotein Convertase 2: A serine endopeptidase that has specificity for cleavage at ARGININE. It cleaves a variety of prohormones including PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN, proluteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone, proenkephalins, prodynorphin, and PROINSULIN.Pro-Opiomelanocortin: A 30-kDa protein synthesized primarily in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND and the HYPOTHALAMUS. It is also found in the skin and other peripheral tissues. Depending on species and tissues, POMC is cleaved by PROHORMONE CONVERTASES yielding various active peptides including ACTH; BETA-LIPOTROPIN; ENDORPHINS; MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONES; and others (GAMMA-LPH; CORTICOTROPIN-LIKE INTERMEDIATE LOBE PEPTIDE; N-terminal peptide of POMC or NPP).

Glu300 of rat carboxypeptidase E is essential for enzymatic activity but not substrate binding or routing to the regulated secretory pathway. (1/106)

Several recently discovered members of the carboxypeptidase E (CPE) gene family lack critical active site residues that are conserved in other family members. For example, three CPE-like proteins contain a Tyr in place of Glu300 (equivalent to Glu270 of carboxypeptidase A and B). To investigate the importance of this position, Glu300 of rat CPE was converted into Gln, Lys, or Tyr, and the proteins expressed in Sf9 cells using the baculovirus system. All three mutants were secreted from the cells, but the media showed no enzyme activity above background levels. Wild-type CPE and the Gln300 point mutant bound to a p-aminobenzoyl-Arg-Sepharose affinity resin, and this binding was competed by an active site-directed inhibitor, guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid. The affinity purified mutant CPE protein showed no detectable enzyme activity (<0.004% of wild-type CPE) toward dansyl-Phe-Ala-Arg. Expression of the Gln300 and Lys300 mutant CPE proteins in the NIT3 mouse pancreatic beta-cell line showed that these mutants are routed into secretory vesicles and secreted via the regulated pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that Glu300 of CPE is essential for enzyme activity, but not required for substrate binding or for routing into the regulated secretory pathway.  (+info)

Biosynthesis and packaging of carboxypeptidase D into nascent secretory vesicles in pituitary cell lines. (2/106)

Metallocarboxypeptidase D (CPD) is a membrane-bound trans-Golgi network (TGN) protein. In AtT-20 cells, CPD is initially produced as a 170-kDa endoglycosidase H-sensitive glycoprotein. Within 30 min of chase, the CPD increases to 180 kDa and is resistant to endoglycosidase H as a result of carbohydrate maturation. CPD also undergoes an activation step required for binding to a substrate affinity resin. Blocking the protein exit from the endoplasmic reticulum inhibits the increase in molecular mass but not the step required for affinity column binding, suggesting that enzyme activation precedes carbohydrate maturation and that these reactions occur in distinct intracellular compartments. Only the higher molecular weight mature CPD enters nascent secretory vesicles, which bud from the TGN of permeabilized AtT-20 and GH3 cells. The budding efficiency of CPD into vesicles is 2-3-fold lower than that of endogenous proopiomelanocortin in AtT-20 cells or prolactin in GH3 cells. In contrast, the packaging of a truncated form of CPD, which lacks the cytoplasmic tail and transmembrane domain, was similar to that of proopiomelanocortin. Taken together, the results support the proposal that CPD functions in the TGN in the processing of proteins that transit the secretory pathway and that the C-terminal region plays a major role in TGN retention.  (+info)

Identification and characterization of proSAAS, a granin-like neuroendocrine peptide precursor that inhibits prohormone processing. (3/106)

Five novel peptides were identified in the brains of mice lacking active carboxypeptidase E, a neuropeptide-processing enzyme. These peptides are produced from a single precursor, termed proSAAS, which is present in human, mouse, and rat. ProSAAS mRNA is expressed primarily in brain and other neuroendocrine tissues (pituitary, adrenal, pancreas); within brain, the mRNA is broadly distributed among neurons. When expressed in AtT-20 cells, proSAAS is secreted via the regulated pathway and is also processed at paired-basic cleavage sites into smaller peptides. Overexpression of proSAAS in the AtT-20 cells substantially reduces the rate of processing of the endogenous prohormone proopiomelanocortin. Purified proSAAS inhibits prohormone convertase 1 activity with an IC(50) of 590 nM but does not inhibit prohormone convertase 2. Taken together, proSAAS may represent an endogenous inhibitor of prohormone convertase 1.  (+info)

Lipid raft association of carboxypeptidase E is necessary for its function as a regulated secretory pathway sorting receptor. (4/106)

Membrane carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is a sorting receptor for targeting prohormones, such as pro-opiomelanocortin, to the regulated secretory pathway in endocrine cells. Its membrane association is necessary for it to bind a prohormone sorting signal at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to facilitate targeting. In this study, we examined the lipid interaction of CPE in bovine pituitary secretory granule membranes, which are derived from the TGN. We show that CPE is associated with detergent-resistant lipid domains, or rafts, within secretory granule membranes. Lipid analysis revealed that these rafts are enriched in glycosphingolipids and cholesterol. Pulse-chase and subcellular fractionation experiments in AtT-20 cells show that the association of CPE with membrane rafts occurred only after it reached the Golgi. Cholesterol depletion resulted in dissociation of CPE from secretory granule membranes and decreased the binding of prohormones to membranes. In vivo cholesterol depletion using lovastatin resulted in the lack of sorting of CPE and its cargo to the regulated secretory pathway. We propose that the sorting receptor function of CPE necessitates its interaction with glycosphingolipid-cholesterol rafts at the TGN, thereby anchoring it in position to bind to its prohormone cargo.  (+info)

Oligomerization of pro-opiomelanocortin is independent of pH, calcium and the sorting signal for the regulated secretory pathway. (5/106)

Studies indicate that pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is sorted to the regulated secretory pathway by binding to a sorting receptor identified as membrane-bound carboxypeptidase E (CPE) [Cool et al. (1997) Cell 88, 73-83]. The efficiency of this sorting mechanism could be enhanced if POMC molecules were to self-associate to form oligomers, prior or subsequent to binding to CPE. Using cross-linking and gel filtration techniques, we demonstrated that POMC forms oligomers at both neutral and acidic pHs and calcium was not necessary. delta N-POMC, which lacks the N-terminal sorting signal for the regulated secretory pathway, also formed similar oligomers, indicating that the sorting and oligomerization domains are different.  (+info)

Impaired prohormone convertases in Cpe(fat)/Cpe(fat) mice. (6/106)

A spontaneous point mutation in the coding region of the carboxypeptidase E (CPE) gene results in a loss of CPE activity that correlates with the development of late onset obesity (Nagert, J. K., Fricker, L. D., Varlamov, O., Nishina, P. M., Rouille, Y., Steiner, D. F., Carroll, R. J., Paigen, B. J., and Leiter, E. H. (1995) Nat. Genet. 10, 135-142). Examination of the level of neuropeptides in these mice showed a decrease in mature bioactive peptides as a result of a decrease in both carboxypeptidase and prohormone convertase activities. A defect in CPE is not expected to affect endoproteolytic processing. In this report we have addressed the mechanism of this unexpected finding by directly examining the expression of the major precursor processing endoproteases, prohormone convertases PC1 and PC2 in Cpe(fat) mice. We found that the levels of PC1 and PC2 are differentially altered in a number of brain regions and in the pituitary. Since these enzymes have been implicated in the generation of neuroendocrine peptides (dynorphin A-17, beta-endorphin, and alpha- melanocyte-stimulating hormone) involved in the control of feeding behavior and body weight, we compared the levels of these peptides in Cpe(fat) and wild type animals. We found a marked increase in the level of dynorphin A-17, a decrease in the level of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and an alteration in the level of C-terminally processed beta-endorphin. These results suggest that the impairment in the level of these and other peptides involved in body weight regulation is mainly due to an alteration in carboxypeptidase and prohormone convertase activities and that this may lead to the development of obesity in these animals.  (+info)

ProSAAS processing in mouse brain and pituitary. (7/106)

ProSAAS is a newly discovered protein with a neuroendocrine distribution generally similar to that of prohormone convertase 1 (PC1), a peptide-processing endopeptidase. Several proSAAS-derived peptides were previously identified in the brain and pituitary of the Cpe(fat)/Cpe(fat) mouse based on the accumulation of C-terminally extended peptides due to the absence of enzymatically active carboxypeptidase E, a peptide-processing exopeptidase. In the present study, antisera against different regions of proSAAS were used to develop radioimmunoassays and examine the processing profile of proSAAS in wild type and Cpe(fat)/Cpe(fat) mouse tissues following gel filtration and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. In wild type mouse brain and pituitary, the majority of proSAAS is processed into smaller peptides. These proSAAS-derived peptides elute from the reverse-phase column in the same positions as synthetic peptides that correspond to little SAAS, PEN, and big LEN. Mass spectrometry revealed the presence of peptides with the expected molecular masses of little SAAS and big LEN in the fractions containing immunoreactive peptides. The processing of proSAAS is slightly impaired in Cpe(fat)/Cpe(fat) mice, relative to wild-type mice, leading to the accumulation of partially processed peptides. One of these peptides, the C-terminally extended form of PEN, is known to inhibit PC1 activity and this could account for the reduction in enzymatically active PC1 seen in Cpe(fat)/Cpe(fat) mice. The observation that little SAAS and big LEN are the major forms of these peptides produced in mouse brain and pituitary raises the possibility that these peptides function as neurotransmitters or hormones.  (+info)

Cholesterol, a cell size-dependent signal that regulates glucose metabolism and gene expression in adipocytes. (8/106)

Enlarged fat cells exhibit modified metabolic capacities, which could be involved in the metabolic complications of obesity at the whole body level. We show here that sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) and its target genes are induced in the adipose tissue of several models of rodent obesity, suggesting cholesterol imbalance in enlarged adipocytes. Within a particular fat pad, larger adipocytes have reduced membrane cholesterol concentrations compared with smaller fat cells, demonstrating that altered cholesterol distribution is characteristic of adipocyte hypertrophy per se. We show that treatment with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, which mimics the membrane cholesterol reduction of hypertrophied adipocytes, induces insulin resistance. We also produced cholesterol depletion by mevastatin treatment, which activates SREBP-2 and its target genes. The analysis of 40 adipocyte genes showed that the response to cholesterol depletion implicated genes involved in cholesterol traffic (caveolin 2, scavenger receptor BI, and ATP binding cassette 1 genes) but also adipocyte-derived secretion products (tumor necrosis factor alpha, angiotensinogen, and interleukin-6) and proteins involved in energy metabolism (fatty acid synthase, GLUT 4, and UCP3). These data demonstrate that altering cholesterol balance profoundly modifies adipocyte metabolism in a way resembling that seen in hypertrophied fat cells from obese rodents or humans. This is the first evidence that intracellular cholesterol might serve as a link between fat cell size and adipocyte metabolic activity.  (+info)

Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for bovine carboxypeptidase E<...  Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for bovine carboxypeptidase E<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for bovine carboxypeptidase E. AU - Fricker, Lloyd D.. AU - Evans, Chris J.. AU - Esch, Fred S.. AU - Herbert, Edward. PY - 1986/12/1. Y1 - 1986/12/1. N2 - Carboxypeptidase E (enkephalin convertase) was first identified as the carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of enkephalin in bovine adrenal chromaffin granules1. A similar enzyme is present in many brain regions1,2 and in purified secretory granules from rat pituitary3 and rat insulinoma4. Within the secretory granules, carboxypeptidase E (CPE) activity is found in both a soluble and a membrane-bound form1, which differ slightly in relative molecular mass (Mr)5. Here, to investigate whether the CPE activities in the various tissues are produced from a single gene, purified CPE was partially sequenced and oligonucleotide probes were used to isolate a clone encoding CPE from a bovine pituitary complementary DNA library. This cDNA hybridizes to bovine pituitary poly(A)+ ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cloning-and-sequence-analysis-of-cdna-for-bovine-carboxypeptidase-2
Carboxypeptidase E - Wikipedia  Carboxypeptidase E - Wikipedia
50) was found to have a mutation that deleted nearly the entire CPE gene. This patient had intellectual disability (inability to read or write) and had abnormal glucose homeostasis, similar to mice lacking CPE activity. In obesity, high levels of circulating free fatty acids have been reported to cause a decrease in the amount of carboxypeptidase E protein in pancreatic beta-cells, leading to beta-cell dysfunction (hyperproinsulinemia) and increased beta-cell apoptosis (via an increase in ER-stress). However, because CPE is not a rate-limiting enzyme for the production of most neuropeptides and peptide hormones, it is not clear how relatively modest decreases in CPE activity can cause physiological effects. Carboxypeptidase Carboxypeptidase A GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000109472 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037852 - Ensembl, May 2017 "Human PubMed Reference:". "Mouse PubMed Reference:". "Entrez Gene: CPE carboxypeptidase E". Fricker LD (1988). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxypeptidase_E
Quantitation of neuropeptides in Cpe<sup>fat</sup>/Cpe<sup>fat</sup> mice using differential isotopic tags and...  Quantitation of neuropeptides in Cpe<sup>fat</sup>/Cpe<sup>fat</sup> mice using differential isotopic tags and...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Quantitation of neuropeptides in Cpefat/Cpefat mice using differential isotopic tags and mass spectrometry. AU - Che, Fa yun. AU - Fricker, Lloyd D.. PY - 2002/7/1. Y1 - 2002/7/1. N2 - Neuroendocrine peptides play important roles as intercellular messengers. We previously developed a technique to isolate and identify a large number of neuroendocrine peptides from Cpefat/Cpefat mice (Che, F.; et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2001, 98, 9971-6); these mice lack carboxypeptidase E activity and this defect causes an accumulation of neuropeptide intermediates that contain C-terminal Lys or Arg residues (Naggert, J. K.; et al. Nat. Genet. 1995, 10, 135-42). In the present study, we have developed a differential isotopic-labeling technique that can be used to quantitate changes in neuropeptide levels in Cpefat/Cpefat mouse tissues. Samples are treated with either the H6 or the D6 form of acetic anhydride, peptides that contain C-terminal basic amino acids are isolated by affinity ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/quantitation-of-neuropeptides-in-cpesupfatsupcpesupfatsup-mice-us
Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is a prohormone/proneuropeptide handling enzyme and mice bearing - How NF-B is activated: the role of...  Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is a prohormone/proneuropeptide handling enzyme and mice bearing - How NF-B is activated: the role of...
Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is a prohormone/proneuropeptide handling enzyme and mice bearing CPE mutations display an obese and diabetic phenotype. The melanocortin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) systems in the hypothalamus are also implicated in bone tissue redecorating since MC4R KO and NPY KO mice possess elevated BMD. However reduced amount of α-MSH the principal ligand of MC4R by up to 94% AZD2014 and having less detectable NPY in the hypothalamus of CPE KO usually do not ACAD9 recapitulate the single-gene KO phenotypes. This research highlights the complicated physiological interplay between peptides involved with energy fat burning capacity and bone tissue formation and moreover suggests the chance that sufferers bearing CPE and CART mutations resulting in inactive types of these substances could be at an increased threat of developing osteoporosis. carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is normally a digesting enzyme thats highly portrayed in endocrine cells and peptidergic neurons (17 19 It features to ...
http://cancercurehere.com/?p=2070
2-Guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic Acid - CAS 77482-44-1 - Calbiochem CAS 77482-44-1 | 369334  2-Guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic Acid - CAS 77482-44-1 - Calbiochem CAS 77482-44-1 | 369334
2-Guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic Acid - CAS 77482-44-1 - Calbiochem CAS 77482-44-1 Potent inhibitor of a carboxypeptidase B-like processing enzyme referred to as enkephalin convertase (Ki = 8.8 nM). - Find MSDS or SDS, a COA, data sheets and more information.
https://www.merckmillipore.com/TW/zh/product/2-Guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic-Acid-CAS-77482-44-1-Calbiochem,EMD_BIO-369334
Drosophila carboxypeptidase D (SILVER) is a key enzyme in neuropeptide processing required to maintain locomotor activity...  Drosophila carboxypeptidase D (SILVER) is a key enzyme in neuropeptide processing required to maintain locomotor activity...
Pauls, D., et al. Drosophila carboxypeptidase D (SILVER) is a key enzyme in neuropeptide processing required to maintain locomotor activity levels and survival rate. 10.1111/ejn.14516. Neuropeptides are processed from larger preproproteins by a dedicated set of enzymes. The molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying preproprotein processing and the functional importance of processing enzymes are well‐characterised in mammals, but little studied outside this group. In contrast to mammals, Drosophila melanogaster lacks a gene for carboxypeptidase E (CPE), a key enzyme for mammalian peptide processing. By combining peptidomics and neurogenetics, we addressed the role of carboxypeptidase D (dCPD) in global neuropeptide processing and selected peptide‐regulated behaviours in Drosophila. We found that a deficiency in dCPD results in C‐terminally extended peptides across the peptidome, suggesting that dCPD took over CPE function in the fruit fly. dCPD is widely expressed throughout the ...
https://www.bioinfor.com/drosophila-carboxypeptidase-d-silver-key-enzyme-neuropeptide-processing-required-maintain-locomotor-activity-levels-survival-rate/
CPE Enzyme Human Recombinant | Carboxypeptidase E | ProSpec  CPE Enzyme Human Recombinant | Carboxypeptidase E | ProSpec
CPE Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 457 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 51.4kDa.
https://www.prospecbio.com/cpe_human
NIT-2 ATCC ® CRL-2364™ Mus musculus, transgenic for SV40 la  NIT-2 ATCC ® CRL-2364™ Mus musculus, transgenic for SV40 la
The NIT-2 cell line was derived from the pancreatic beta cells of Cpe(fat)/Cpe(fat) mice by crossing C57BLKS/J-Cpe(fat)/+ mice with NOD/Lt-Tg(RIPTag)1Lt mice. The NIT-2 cell line was cultured from adenomatous islets obtained from a 10 week old F2 male and was compared with the NIT-1 cell line (ATCC-CRL-2055) previously developed from mice with wild-type CPE.
https://www.atcc.org/en/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/By_Tissue/Pancreas/CRL-2364.aspx
Kexin - Wikipedia  Kexin - Wikipedia
Kexin (EC 3.4.21.61) is a prohormone processing protease found in the budding yeast (S. cerevisiae). It catalyzes the cleavage of -Lys-Arg- and -Arg-Arg- bonds to process yeast alpha-factor pheromone and killer toxin precursors. The enzyme is encoded by the yeast gene KEX2, and usually referred to in the scientific community as Kex2p. It shares structural similarities with the bacterial protease subtilisin. The first mammalian homologue of this protein to be identified was furin. The enzyme is also known as yeast KEX2 protease, proteinase yscF, prohormone-processing endoprotease, paired-basic endopeptidase, yeast cysteine proteinase F, paired-basic endopeptidase, andrenorphin-Gly-generating enzyme, endoproteinase Kex2p, gene KEX2 dibasic proteinase, Kex 2p proteinase, Kex2 endopeptidase, Kex2 endoprotease, Kex2 endoproteinase, Kex2 protease, proteinase Kex2p, Kex2-like precursor protein processing endoprotease, prohormone-processing KEX2 proteinase, prohormone-processing proteinase, proprotein ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kexin
Karboksipeptidaza E - Wikipedia  Karboksipeptidaza E - Wikipedia
Qian, Y.M., Varlamov, O. and Fricker, L.D. (1999). "Glu300 of rat carboxypeptidase E is essential for enzymatic activity but not substrate binding or routing to the regulated secretory pathway". J. Biol. Chem. 274: 11582-11586. PMID 10206965. ...
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karboksipeptidaza_E
Poses with a small penis and abdomen - The Best Way To F*ck When Youre Fat - Fat Guys Guide  Poses with a small penis and abdomen - The Best Way To F*ck When You're Fat - Fat Guy's Guide
12 Yoga Poses For A Flatter Belly Get the abs of your dreams with this revolutionary hybrid yoga workout By The Editors of Prevention April 11,
http://275323.tk/and/poses-with-a-small-penis-and-abdomen.html
Kindkes Scrap Notes: Stuffed with fat and insulin Resis..........Er Sensitive!  Kindke's Scrap Notes: Stuffed with fat and insulin Resis..........Er Sensitive!
These fat greedy little beasties had reduced energy expenditure, and massive stores of ectopic fat, I.E. massive stores of fat in other places other than adipose tissue, aswell as increased circulating free fatty acids ( compared to mutant ATGL -/- mice that were fed a low-fat diet ). This is certainly what most top doctors would call a "lipotoxic environment", and these greedy fat mice should be intensely diabetic. Theres just one problem ...
http://kindkehealthnotes.blogspot.co.uk/2012/04/stuffed-with-fat-and-insulin-resiser.html
Leptin - linked to ability to or not to lose weight  Leptin - linked to ability to or not to lose weight
Lets start with the basics of what leptin is and what it does. It is known as the "satiety hormone" and this might help give you an idea of what it does. This is a hormone that inhibits hunger to help regulate energy balance. Heres the thing about this type of hormone, it has an antagonist, or a hormone that does the exact opposite, that is to make us feel hungry. The body works in this way to maintain a balance. This hormone is called ghrelin, the "hunger hormone".. The problem with diets is that people think of them as a short-term plan that they will abandon once the fitness goal is achieved. They do not really make any lasting changes to their lifestyles. The other issue is that whenever you apply certain stress to the body, the body will always respond to compensate for any loss. In other words, if you make your body hungry, it will react by finding mechanisms to keep the energy balance, therefore, making you hungrier.. When leptin was first found to make fat mice lose weight, it was ...
http://mommacandoit.com/diet/leptin-linked-to-ability-to-or-not-to-lose-weight.html
Сыромоноедение | Running on Empty - Сыромоноедение  Сыромоноедение | Running on Empty - Сыромоноедение
As often happens with nutrition research, results from fasting research have been borrowed and packaged into ill-informed fad diets. Pandas research formed the basis of one such product, branded as The 8-Hour Diet. The book, cowritten by an editor at Mens Health, which covered Pandas research when it came out in 2012, claimed (right on the cover) that dieters who restricted their food consumption to an eight-hour window every day could "watch the pounds disappear without watching what you eat!" This idea, says Panda-who was not involved in producing the book-was unsupported by his research as of 2012. "We never claimed that we could make fat mice lean with the eight-hour diet," he says. "In our first paper, we just prevented obesity from happening.". Nevertheless, Panda has gone on to show that there may be some substance to the weight-loss hype. In addition to his experiments in mice, Pandas team found that flies, too, experienced benefits from restricting their feeding windows to a ...
http://syromonoed.com/running-on-empty/
Wash Park Prophet: Gut Bacteria Based Obesity Treatment Works In Mice  Wash Park Prophet: Gut Bacteria Based Obesity Treatment Works In Mice
In yet another set of experiments, the researchers fed mice a high-fat diet and allowed them to fully develop metabolic syndrome and obesity. Then they gave them the IAP supplement for six weeks. In these animals, IAP reduced endotoxin levels, inflammation and glucose intolerance. If the fat mice had taken the supplement for a longer period of time, their condition may have reversed even more ...
https://washparkprophet.blogspot.com/2013/04/gut-bacteria-based-obesity-treatment.html
Confessions of a Dilettante: I Am Not a Ninja, Repeat, I Am Not a Ninja  Confessions of a Dilettante: I Am Not a Ninja, Repeat, I Am Not a Ninja
If there is one thing I have learned about my Husband over the years, it is this: Dont mess with his sleep. He is one of those individuals that requires at least eight hours a night, where as I can go on five and be all right. I have a video of him when I was about eight months pregnant and I have snuck into our bedroom while he is still asleep and am attempting to get him to wake up. I am saying all manner of nice and tempting things to get him to get up; offers of hot food drenched in syrup, mountain biking, nothing works. You finally see the corner of the pillow that is covering his head lift up and a voice comes out of the darkness underneath. He says, "NO, Its too EFFING COLD OUTSIDE, NOW TAKE YOUR LITTLE DOG AND LEAVE ME ALONE. I WANT TO SLEEP." And then I can be heard doing what during my pregnancy Jeremy referred to as the "Fat mouse Gus from Cinderella chuckle ...
http://www.buttonsmcsweet.com/2008/08/i-am-not-ninja-repeat-i-am-not-ninja.html
Sequence of human carboxypeptidase D reveals it to be a member of the regulatory carboxypeptidase family with three tandem...  Sequence of human carboxypeptidase D reveals it to be a member of the regulatory carboxypeptidase family with three tandem...
We have cloned the cDNA for human carboxypeptidase D (CPD), a new B-type metallocarboxypeptidase that is membrane bound and has an acidic pH optimum. The 5.8 kb of cDNA sequenced contains an open reading frame of 4131 bp encoding 1377 amino acid residues. The sequence is similar (75% identity) to duck gp180, a protein that was isolated, cloned and sequenced as a hepatitis B virus-binding protein but not characterized as a carboxypeptidase. Hydropathic analysis revealed a hydrophobic region at the N-terminus, representing the signal peptide, and one near the C-terminus that probably represents the transmembrane anchor. The most striking feature is the presence of three tandem carboxypeptidase homology domains that have sequence similarity to the regulatory B-type carboxypeptidase family, typified by carboxypeptidases M, E and N. Because of the three repeats, CPD is about three times larger (175-180 kDa) than other members of this family (approx. 50-62 kDa). Domain 2 is most closely related to ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/327/1/81
Plus it  Plus it
Treatment of cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells with the catecholamine transport blocker reserpine was previously shown to increase enkephalin levels several-fold. To explore the biochemical mechanism of this effect, we examined the effect of reserpine treatment on the activities of three different peptide precursor processing enzymes: carboxypeptidase E (CPE) and the prohormone convertases (PCs) PC1/3 and PC2. Reserpine treatment increased both CPE and PC activity in extracts of cultured chromaffin cells; total protein levels were unaltered for any enzyme. Further analysis showed that the increase in CPE activity was due to an elevated Vmax, with no change in the Km for substrate hydrolysis or the levels of CPE mRNA. Reserpine activation of endogenous processing enzymes was also observed in extracts prepared from PC12 cells stably expressing PC1/3 or PC2. In vitro experiments using purified enzymes showed that catecholamines inhibited CPE, PC1/3 and PC2, with dopamine quinone the most ...
http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2011/05/03/mol.111.072090
Intracellular trafficking of metallocarboxypeptidase D in AtT-20 cells: Localization to the trans-Golgi network and recycling...  Intracellular trafficking of metallocarboxypeptidase D in AtT-20 cells: Localization to the trans-Golgi network and recycling...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Intracellular trafficking of metallocarboxypeptidase D in AtT-20 cells. T2 - Localization to the trans-Golgi network and recycling from the cell surface. AU - Varlamov, Oleg. AU - Fricker, Lloyd D.. PY - 1998. Y1 - 1998. N2 - Carboxypeptidase D (CPD) is a recently discovered membrane-bound metallocarboxypeptidase that has been proposed to be involved in the post-translational processing of peptides and proteins that transit the secretory pathway. In the present study, the intracellular distribution of CPD was examined in AtT-20 cells, a mouse anterior pituitary-derived corticotroph. Antisera to CPD stain the same intracellular structures as those labeled with furin and wheat germ agglutinin. This distribution is distinct from carboxypeptidase E, which is localized to the secretory vesicles in the cell processes. The perinuclear distribution of CPD is detected even when the AtT-20 cells are treated with brefeldin A for 1-30 minutes, suggesting that CPD is present in the ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/intracellular-trafficking-of-metallocarboxypeptidase-d-in-att-20--2
Old, Fat Mice Blamed for Virus Tr... ( Contact with humans can lead to deadl...)  Old, Fat Mice Blamed for Virus Tr... ( Contact with humans can lead to deadl...)
Health,...Contact with humans can lead to deadly lung disease ...WEDNESDAY Jan. 7 (HealthDay News) -- Stemming an often fatal virus li...Known as the Sin Nombre virus the hantavirus -- meaning a viru...Its usually spread from deer mice to people when droppings are inhale...,Old,,Fat,Mice,Blamed,for,Virus,Transmission,medicine,medical news today,latest medical news,medical newsletters,current medical news,latest medicine news
http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news-1/Old--Fat-Mice-Blamed-for-Virus-Transmission-33299-1/
Publications - Universität Ulm  Publications - Universität Ulm
Bouma HR, Dugbartey GJ, Boerema AS, Talaei F, Herwig A, Goris M, van Buiten A, Strijkstra AM , Carey HV, Henning RH, Kroese FG. (2013) Reduction of body temperature governs neutrophil retention in hibernating and nonhibernating animals by margination. J Leukoc Biol Jun 13 [Epub ahead of print]. Herwig A, de Vries EM, Bolborea M, Wilson D, Mercer JG, Ebling FJ, Morgan PJ, Barrett P (2013) Hypothalamic ventricular ependymal thyroid hormone deiodinases are an important element of circannual timing in the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). PLoS One ,doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062003. Helwig M, Herwig A, Barrett P, Mercer J, Klingenspor M. (2013) Photoperiod-dependent regulation of carboxypeptidase E affects selective processing of neuropeptides in the seasonal Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). J Neuroendocrinol 25:190-197. ...
https://www.uni-ulm.de/nawi/nawi-neurobio/research/prof-dr-annika-herwig/publications/
Characterization of the Mouse Aortic Carboxypeptidase-Like Protein Promoter Reveals Activity in Differentiated and...  Characterization of the Mouse Aortic Carboxypeptidase-Like Protein Promoter Reveals Activity in Differentiated and...
To investigate the transcriptional regulation of the ACLP gene in VSMCs, we cloned and analyzed its promoter first in vitro and then in vivo. The single-copy mouse ACLP gene is composed of many small, closely spaced exons (Figure 1). The exon structure of the discoidin domain of ACLP is generally conserved with other discoidin domains containing proteins such as coagulation factor VIII37 and the discoidin domain tyrosine kinase receptors.38 In addition, the carboxypeptidase-like domain of mouse ACLP is similar in structure to the rat carboxypeptidase E gene.39 It is possible that ACLP could have been generated during evolution through the process of exon shuffling.40. The ACLP promoter is regulated in RASMCs via a strong positive element (−156 to −122) (Figure 4), which is bound and transactivated by Sp1 and Sp3 transcription factors (Figures 5 through 7⇑⇑). Sp1 and Sp3 are ubiquitously expressed proteins that regulate numerous genes.41 It is difficult to explain the regulation of VSMC ...
http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/90/6/728.long
Carboxypeptidase - definition of carboxypeptidase by The Free Dictionary  Carboxypeptidase - definition of carboxypeptidase by The Free Dictionary
Define carboxypeptidase. carboxypeptidase synonyms, carboxypeptidase pronunciation, carboxypeptidase translation, English dictionary definition of carboxypeptidase. n. Any of several enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the terminal amino acid of a polypeptide from the end that contains a free carboxyl group
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/carboxypeptidase
Burn fat & fat burners uncovered : weghtlossforgood.co.uk  Burn fat & fat burners uncovered : weghtlossforgood.co.uk
If you want to burn fat then read about fat burners and their effect on your body fat. Simple and effective action to help you lose weight safely at weightlossforgood.co.uk.
http://www.weightlossforgood.co.uk/burn_fat.htm
carboxypeptidase L Summary Report | CureHunter  carboxypeptidase L Summary Report | CureHunter
carboxypeptidase L: Cathepsin A (also named protective protein and carboxypeptidase L) stabilizes beta-galactosidase and activates neuraminidase by forming with them a high-molecular-weight lysosomal complex
http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryC055587-carboxypeptidase-L.do
OriGene - CPXM1 (NM 019609) cDNA Clone  OriGene - CPXM1 (NM 019609) cDNA Clone
CPXM1 - CPXM1 (untagged)-Human carboxypeptidase X (M14 family), member 1 (CPXM1), transcript variant 1 available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.
http://www.origene.com/human_cdna/NM_019609/SC324244.aspx
OriGene - CPXM1 (NM 019609) cDNA Clone  OriGene - CPXM1 (NM 019609) cDNA Clone
CPXM1 - CPXM1 (untagged)-Human carboxypeptidase X (M14 family), member 1 (CPXM1), transcript variant 1 available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.
http://www.origene.com/cdna/trueclone/accession/NM_019609/SC113268.aspx
CPA1 - Carboxypeptidase A1 precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - CPA1 gene & protein  CPA1 - Carboxypeptidase A1 precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - CPA1 gene & protein
Carboxypeptidase that catalyzes the release of a C-terminal amino acid, but has little or no action with -Asp, -Glu, -Arg, -Lys or -Pro.
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P15085
Lysosomal Pro-X Carboxypeptidase/PRCP Overexpression Lysate (Denatured) (H00005547-T01): Novus Biologicals  Lysosomal Pro-X Carboxypeptidase/PRCP Overexpression Lysate (Denatured) (H00005547-T01): Novus Biologicals
Lysosomal Pro-X Carboxypeptidase/PRCP Overexpression Lysate (Denatured). Tested Reactivity: Hu. Validated: WB. Backed by our 100% Guarantee.
https://www.novusbio.com/products/lysosomal-pro-x-carboxypeptidase-prcp-lysate_h00005547-t01
Sequence Similarity - 1CBX: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX BETWEEN CARBOXYPEPTIDASE A AND THE BIPRODUCT ANALOG...  Sequence Similarity - 1CBX: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX BETWEEN CARBOXYPEPTIDASE A AND THE BIPRODUCT ANALOG...
1CBX: Crystal structure of the complex between carboxypeptidase A and the biproduct analog inhibitor L-benzylsuccinate at 2.0 A resolution.
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/sequenceCluster.do?structureId=1CBX
Carboxypeptidase A1/CPA1 Antibody (1C12) (NBP2-01924): Novus Biologicals  Carboxypeptidase A1/CPA1 Antibody (1C12) (NBP2-01924): Novus Biologicals
Mouse Monoclonal Anti-Carboxypeptidase A1/CPA1 Antibody (1C12). Validated: WB, Flow, ICC/IF. Tested Reactivity: Human. 100% Guaranteed.
https://www.novusbio.com/products/carboxypeptidase-a1-cpa1-antibody-1c12_nbp2-01924
US Patent # 9,593,320. Proteases with modified pro regions - Patents.com  US Patent # 9,593,320. Proteases with modified pro regions - Patents.com
The present invention provides methods and compositions for the production of mature proteases in bacterial host cells. The compositions include modified polynucleotides that encode modified protease
http://patents.com/us-9593320.html
Cell Bio - Biology-Online  Cell Bio - Biology-Online
thats a common mechanism in enzymes, not only in carboxypeptidase. However, the point is, there are several of these weak bonds and their sum is strong enough to stretch the peptide causing to be better to hydrolyse ...
https://www.biology-online.org/biology-forum/viewtopic.php?t=22916&p=135197&hilit=Carboxypeptidase
Plus it  Plus it
In reply to Scott and colleagues,1 we found an unequivocally wide variation in reoperation after colorectal surgery. Furthermore, variation is identifiable at high surgical caseloads, suggesting that centralisation of surgical services, a policy commonly applied to reduce variation, may be ineffective. Our duty as researchers is to report variation when it clearly exceeds what would be expected by chance. The extent to … ...
http://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d6614
Carboxypeptidase | definition of carboxypeptidase by Medical dictionary  Carboxypeptidase | definition of carboxypeptidase by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of carboxypeptidase in the Medical Dictionary? carboxypeptidase explanation free. What is carboxypeptidase? Meaning of carboxypeptidase medical term. What does carboxypeptidase mean?
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/carboxypeptidase
Carboxypeptidase c | definition of Carboxypeptidase c by Medical dictionary  Carboxypeptidase c | definition of Carboxypeptidase c by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of Carboxypeptidase c in the Medical Dictionary? Carboxypeptidase c explanation free. What is Carboxypeptidase c? Meaning of Carboxypeptidase c medical term. What does Carboxypeptidase c mean?
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Carboxypeptidase+c
Saturated fats linked to Alzheimers › News in Science (ABC Science)  Saturated fats linked to Alzheimer's › News in Science (ABC Science)
In the study, the researchers fed mice a diet of either saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats, and compared them to mice genetically designed to develop Alzheimers.. Within two months, the mice that were fed a saturated fat diet showed significant change in their blood vessels.. "We saw a very substantial deterioration in the mice blood vessel architecture," says Mamo. "But, we saw no deterioration in the mice fed monounsaturated or polyunsaturated diets.". The saturated fat mice also had more amyloid deposits in their brain than those fed the monounsaturated or polyunsaturated diets.. The researchers also found that the brains of the mice fed the saturated fat diet were remarkably similar to the Alzheimers mouse models. "In mice that have been genetically manipulated to overproduce amyloid, we find exactly the same kind of pathology," says Mamo.. Using antibodies with a fluorescent tag the researchers were able to confirm that dietary fats are also found inside the amyloid ...
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/09/08/2679589.htm?site=science&topic=latest
Streptococcus parasanguis pepO Encodes an Endopeptidase with Structure and Activity Similar to Those of Enzymes That Modulate...  Streptococcus parasanguis pepO Encodes an Endopeptidase with Structure and Activity Similar to Those of Enzymes That Modulate...
The purpose of this study was to determine if any factors immediately upstream of the fimA operon were associated with adherence or survival within the host. Just 148 bp upstream and divergently transcribed from the fimA operon, a 1,893-bp ORF (pepO) that encodes a protein with many structural features in common with the M13 (neprilysin) family of metallopeptidases was identified. This family of metallopeptidases includes bacterial members as well as mammalian neuropeptide-processing, immunoregulatory, and peptide hormone-processing zinc metallopeptidases (36). While the role of the bacterial enzymes is uncertain, the mammalian enzymes have been shown to play essential roles in events such as inflammatory response phenomena and in pain and cardiovascular regulation (45, 51, 52).. FW213 PepO contains the essential HEXXH consensus motif typical of this family of peptidases as well as numerous positionally conserved residues known to be critical for the activity of the mammalian enzymes. Some of ...
https://iai.asm.org/content/67/10/5206
The Role of BDNF as a Mediator of Neuroplasticity in Bipolar Disorder  The Role of BDNF as a Mediator of Neuroplasticity in Bipolar Disorder
The BDNF secretion can be either constitutive or, more frequently, regulated by stimuli.32 This activity-dependent secretion, a feature characteristic of BDNF and not of any other neurotrophin or growth factor,33 may be an important factor in mood regulation. Along with slow effects that require protein synthesis, BDNF exerts rapid signaling events that regulate synaptic plasticity.34 For example, inducing phosphorylation of synapsin and thereby increasing glutamate and GABA release.35 BDNF can also increase ion influx through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and then synaptic strength.36 Thus, BDNF is able to regulate synaptic plasticity and recent findings suggest that mood disorders would be associated with alterations in information processing within neural networks.37 A large proportion of neuronal BDNF is secreted in the pro-form (proBDNF) which is subsequently converted to the mature form (mBDNF) by endoproteolytic cleavage.38 Lee et al.39 suggested that the extracellular conversion from ...
http://psychiatryinvestigation.org/journal/view.php?number=537
carboxypeptidase M Summary Report | CureHunter  carboxypeptidase M Summary Report | CureHunter
carboxypeptidase M: from human placental microvilli; MW 62kDa; cleaves Arg or Lys from the COOH terminus of synthetic peptides as well as several biologically active substrates; membrane-bound; structurally, catalytically & immunologically distinct from carboxypeptidase A,B,N & H
http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryC058479-carboxypeptidase-M.do
Fluxionate Lewis acidity of the Zn2+ ion in carboxypeptidase A | Biochemical Journal  Fluxionate Lewis acidity of the Zn2+ ion in carboxypeptidase A | Biochemical Journal
Competitive inhibition constants Ki for a series of phenol-ring-substituted derivatives of alpha-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzenepropanoic acid have been ascertained by observing their influence on the catalytic hydrolysis of a peptide substrate by the zinc enzyme carboxypeptidase A. The pH-dependence of Ki shows that binding is maximal between two pKa values: one is that of the phenol group of the inhibitor, and the other uniformly has a value of 6, the pKa of a Zn(2+)-bound water molecule on the enzyme in the absence of substrate or inhibitor. This is the dependence expected if phenolate binds to the Zn2+ displacing its bound H2O/HO-. A log-log plot of the dissociation constants for the productive forms of inhibitor plus enzyme versus the acid dissociation constants of the phenolic residues in the inhibitors yields a straight line with a slope of +0.76. This number indicates that the active-site metal ion has special capacity for dispersing negative charge, such as builds up on the oxygen atom of a ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/289/1/185
Truth about Fitness: Top 12 Reasons to Use Carnitine  Truth about Fitness: Top 12 Reasons to Use Carnitine
Raising your carnitine levels will fight this visceral fat gain because it increases fat burning, which has the effect of taking triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins out of the system so that they dont build up causing high cholesterol and atherosclerosis. A new research study in the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology illustrates this. Researchers gave a carnitine supplement to mice who were fed a high-fat diet in order to make them gain weight. In comparison to a group of mice fed a placebo, the carnitine group gained substantially less visceral and subcutaneous fat (fat that is right below the surface of the skin that you can pinch with your fingers). The placebo group exhibited the beginning stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis, neither of which were evident in the carnitine group ...
http://koushikphysio.blogspot.com/2013/08/top-12-reasons-to-use-carnitine.html
Vitamins For Lower Back Pain  Vitamins For Lower Back Pain
cleanse. Are you concerned about your current medications, eliminating of toxic compounds and waste produced in the market; these include whole-grain breathing, dont want to take very large - approximately the shape of your thumb. I heard nurses talking in concerned about your gallbladder collections and that also called acute pancreatic duct function in digestive system cholecystitisInflammation of the cervix that inhibits the pancreas, or there may be required cutting through 2000, the bile fluid into the intestines. The gallbladders walls, making life a living hell. Converting the presence of a marble! Ever the illnesses many, major surgery vitamins for lower back pain and pancreas is another aches and soreness coming from obesity should reduce intake of alcohol. liver tests for cats This test uses an endoscope is passed through herbs are considered only when the gallbladder. You can find a comfortable for the Cat Scan and said - can I have been diagnosed with some fat fat causes an intense ...
http://health.healthygallbladder.com/757/vitamins-for-lower-back-pain/
Carboxypeptidase A1 Antibody  Carboxypeptidase A1 Antibody
Carboxypeptidase A1 Polyclonal Antibody from Invitrogen for Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) applications. This antibody reacts with Human samples. Supplied as 100 µg purified antibody (1 mg/ml) in Dulbeccos PBS with 50% glycerol, 150mM NaCl and 0.02% sodium azide; pH 7.4.
https://www.thermofisher.com/antibody/product/Carboxypeptidase-A1-Antibody-Polyclonal/PA5-39610
Reactome | VAMP2 [secretory granule membrane]  Reactome | VAMP2 [secretory granule membrane]
Reactome is pathway database which provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualisation, interpretation and analysis of pathway knowledge.
http://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-265198?interactor=UniProt:O14810%20CPLX1
Reactome | Homologues of SLC2A3 [secretory granule membrane]  Reactome | Homologues of SLC2A3 [secretory granule membrane]
Reactome is pathway database which provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualisation, interpretation and analysis of pathway knowledge.
http://www.reactome.org/content/detail/R-CEL-6800892-15
What are Prohormones? Mind And Muscle  What are Prohormones? Mind And Muscle
What are prohormones? What prohormones are still legal? Learn what legal prohormones are and where to buy them! Buy legal prohormones!
http://mindandmuscle.net/articles/prohormones-legal/
Prohormones  Prohormones
In this lesson you will learn what prohormones are, what they do and what the side effects are. Prohormones (pro-steroids) are substances that are precursors to hormones.
http://www.flashmavi.com/nutrition_drugs_prohormones
CPVL - Probable serine carboxypeptidase CPVL precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - CPVL gene & protein  CPVL - Probable serine carboxypeptidase CPVL precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - CPVL gene & protein
May be involved in the digestion of phagocytosed particles in the lysosome, participation in an inflammatory protease cascade, and trimming of peptides for antigen presentation.
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9H3G5
PRANA ON Plant Protein Bar - My Supplement Store  PRANA ON Plant Protein Bar - My Supplement Store
Have a protein bar that tastes delicious, which is perfect for in-between meals Consume a high content protein bar, which will keep you fuller for longer Support better digestion with the digestive enzymes added to this bar Have a vegan product crafted with high-quality ingredients from organic sources Support energy r
https://mysupplementstore.com.au/products/pranaonplantproteinbar
RCSB PDB - 1HYT: RE-DETERMINATION AND REFINEMENT OF THE COMPLEX OF BENZYLSUCCINIC ACID WITH THERMOLYSIN AND ITS...  RCSB PDB - 1HYT: RE-DETERMINATION AND REFINEMENT OF THE COMPLEX OF BENZYLSUCCINIC ACID WITH THERMOLYSIN AND ITS...
1HYT: Redetermination and refinement of the complex of benzylsuccinic acid with thermolysin and its relation to the complex with carboxypeptidase A.
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1HYT
supps other than prohormones - AnabolicMinds.com  supps other than prohormones - AnabolicMinds.com
hey guys, im 19 turn 20 in april, i am looking to drop some body fat and get bigger too, i have purchased some epistane which i am going to do later
http://anabolicminds.com/forum/supplements/109110-supps-other-than.html
The modified Scarf bunionectomy.  The modified Scarf bunionectomy.
The Scarf bunionectomy offers the surgeon the ability to correct a mild to moderate intermetatarsal angle with the stability inherent to this procedure. When an increased proximal articular set angle is encountered, this procedure could previously on
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/modified-Scarf-bunionectomy/1401737.html
Carboxypeptidase B2  Carboxypeptidase B2
Carboxypeptidases are enzymes that hydrolyze C-terminal peptide bonds. The carboxypeptidase family includes metallo-, serine, and cysteine carboxypeptidases. According to their substrate specificity, these enzymes are referred to as carboxypeptidase A (cleaving aliphatic residues) or carboxypeptidase B (cleaving basic amino residues). The protein encoded by this gene is activated by trypsin and acts on carboxypeptidase B substrates. After thrombin activation, the mature protein downregulates fibrinolysis. Polymorphisms have been described for this gene and its promoter region. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013 ...
https://pharos.nih.gov/idg/targets/Q96IY4
non toxic prohormones list - non toxic prohormones for sale  non toxic prohormones list - non toxic prohormones for sale
non toxic prohormones for sale - 366 - non toxic prohormones wholesalers & non toxic prohormones manufacturers from China manufacturers.
http://www.china-telecommunications.com/non-toxic-prohormones-sale
Plus it  Plus it
Previously, heterozygous INS gene mutations had been detected in adult patients with so-called familial hyperinsulinemia or hyperproinsulinemia who presented with variable phenotypes (mild diabetes or even hypoglycemia) and high serum levels of radioimmunoassayable insulin or proinsulin-like material. More recently, INS mutations have been found to be associated with neonatal- and infancy-onset diabetes (1-3). We demonstrated that mutant insulins with proteotoxic effect cannot be secreted when expressed in HEK 293 cell line (1), and it is likely that SB8 and SSignal23 are also retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Nevertheless, the patient bearing the mutation in the signal peptide shows a milder clinical course, and we cannot exclude that SSignal23 preproinsulin may be partially processed and secreted. Present knowledge indicates that insulin mutations with a proteotoxic effect cause apoptosis of the pancreatic β-cell (1), a process that in most patients takes several months after birth (1-3) ...
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/32/1/123
Action of Carboxypeptidase Toward Peptides Containing Unnatural Aromatic Amino Acids | Science  Action of Carboxypeptidase Toward Peptides Containing Unnatural Aromatic Amino Acids | Science
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Science.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/111/2877/173
Carboxypeptidase | ChemScene llc  Carboxypeptidase | ChemScene llc
Contact Us. Tel:732-484-9848. Fax:888-484-5008. Email:[email protected]. Add:1 Deer Park Dr, Suite Q,. Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USA. ...
http://chemscene.com/Metabolic_Enzyme_fslash_Protease/Carboxypeptidase.html
test-e/tren-e question - AnabolicMinds.com  test-e/tren-e question - AnabolicMinds.com
first off im 510 185lbs(in the middle of a cut). been training seriously for about 5yrs. besides prohormones ive run test-e, tren-e, deca, masteron
http://anabolicminds.com/forum/old-school-hormone/196556-test-e-tren.html
Structure of the carboxypeptidase B complex with N-sulfamoyl-L-phenylalanine - a transition state analog of non-specific...  Structure of the carboxypeptidase B complex with N-sulfamoyl-L-phenylalanine - a transition state analog of non-specific...
Structure of the carboxypeptidase b complex with n-sulfamoyl-l-phenylalanine - a transition state analog of non-specific substrate / V. Akparov, V. Timofeev, I. Khaliullin et al. // Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, издательство Taylor & Francis. - 2017. Carboxypeptidase B (EC 3.4.17.2) (CPB) is commonly used in the industrial insulin production and as a template for drug design. However, its ability to discriminate substrates with hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and charged side chains is not well understood. We report structure of CPB complex with a transition state analog N-sulfamoyl-L-phenylalanine solved at 1.74Å. The study provided an insight into structural basis of CPB substrate specificity. Ligand binding is affected by structure-depended conformational changes of Asp255 in S1-subsite, interactions with Asn144 and Arg145 in C-terminal binding subsite, and Glu270 in the catalytic center. Side chain of the non-specific substrate analog SPhe in comparison with that of ...
https://istina.msu.ru/publications/article/60647856/
Galanin peptides  Galanin peptides
This gene encodes a neuroendocrine peptide that is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and also the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adrenal gland and urogenital tract. The encoded protein is a precursor that is proteolytically processed to generate two mature peptides: galanin and galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP). Galanin has diverse physiological functions including nociception, feeding and energy homeostasis, osmotic regulation and water balance. GMAP has been demonstrated to possess antifungal activity and hypothesized to be part of the innate immune system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015 ...
https://pharos.nih.gov/idg/targets/P22466
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Choose Your Gear. When it comes to prohormones and steroids, you have several methods of ingestion to choose from. Each of these methods has its own range of both benefits and drawbacks. Ultimately, however, you have to choose a method that works best for you, your needs, and your own individual comfort levels. Not everyone is comfortable with using needles, and some people dont to swallow a ton of pills several times per day. Learn more about the pros and cons of different methods, read plenty of feedback for each, and try to determine your own comfort levels. You also want to have a comprehensive understanding of your overall health as this can play a major role in determining which option is best for you. For instance, you may want to find a steroid for sale that bypasses the liver entirely if youve ever suffered from any liver issues in the past.. Assess Your Current Performance. Prohormones and any steroid for sale that you find will likely be classified as performance enhancers. This ...
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Alcohol and Prohormones  Alcohol and Prohormones
There is some SERIOUS misinformation on the Effects of Alcohol and Prohormones. It turns out Alcohol is compatible with prohormones!
https://mindandmuscle.net/articles/alcohol-and-prohormones/
Carboxypeptidase P - Selective Proteolytic Enzymes | Sigma-Aldrich  Carboxypeptidase P - Selective Proteolytic Enzymes | Sigma-Aldrich
Preferential cleavage:
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/biochemicals/biochemical-products.html?TablePage=16410493
serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase - Creative Enzymes  serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase - Creative Enzymes
A membrane-bound, bacterial enzyme inhibited by penicillin and other β-lactam antibiotics, which acylate the active site serine. Examples are known from peptidase famili
https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/Serinetype-DAlaDAla-Carboxypeptidase_14227.html
Neuropeptides and Other Bioactive Peptides | 9781615045068 | VitalSource  Neuropeptides and Other Bioactive Peptides | 9781615045068 | VitalSource
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Ambivalent roles of carboxypeptidase B in the lytic susceptibility of fibrin<...  Ambivalent roles of carboxypeptidase B in the lytic susceptibility of fibrin<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Ambivalent roles of carboxypeptidase B in the lytic susceptibility of fibrin. AU - Kovács, András. AU - Szabó, László. AU - Longstaff, Colin. AU - Tenekedjiev, Kiril. AU - Machovich, Raymund. AU - Kolev, Krasimir. PY - 2014/1/1. Y1 - 2014/1/1. N2 - Background Removal of C-terminal lysine residues that are continuously exposed in lysing fibrin is an established anti-fibrinolytic mechanism dependent on the plasma carboxypeptidase TAFIa, which also removes arginines that are exposed at the time of fibrinogen clotting by thrombin. Objective To evaluate the impact of alterations in fibrin structure mediated by constitutive carboxypeptidase activity on the function of fibrin as a template for tissue plasminogen activator-(tPA) induced plasminogen activation and its susceptibility to digestion by plasmin. Methods and results We used the stable carboxypeptidase B (CPB), which shows the same substrate specificity as TAFIa. If 1.5 - 6 μM fibrinogen was clotted in the presence of 8 ...
https://hungary.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/ambivalent-roles-of-carboxypeptidase-b-in-the-lytic-susceptibilit
Effect of Alloxan-Diabetes on Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) Immunoreactivity in the Gastrointestinal Tract, of Sprague Dawley...  Effect of Alloxan-Diabetes on Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) Immunoreactivity in the Gastrointestinal Tract, of Sprague Dawley...
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is the mammalian analogue of bombesin. Both neuroendocrine peptides have similar distribution, functions and immunoreactivity. The immunoreactivity for GRP has been demonstrated in the esophagus, stomach and small intestine. This peptide is reported to have various biological and pharmacological properties, which include the release of gastrointestinal hormones, control of satiety, gastrointestinal motility and stimulation of cellular proliferation which results in wound healing. It is also implicated in the proliferation of many gastrointestinal (GI), renal and prostatic tumours. Transient increase in GRP synthesis in the brain and serum concentration, which was later followed by decreased serum concentration, has been reported in hyperglycemic states. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of hyperglycemia on GRP secreting neurons in the sub mucosa of the GIT and how this may affect some of the GI complications of diabetes. Result showed decreased
http://thescipub.com/abstract/10.3844/ojbsci.2007.3.7
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WikiGenes - CPB1 - carboxypeptidase B1 (tissue)  WikiGenes - CPB1 - carboxypeptidase B1 (tissue)
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https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/1360.html
Anti-Carboxypeptidase A antibody (ab63806) | Abcam  Anti-Carboxypeptidase A antibody (ab63806) | Abcam
Rabbit polyclonal Carboxypeptidase A antibody validated for WB and tested in Human, Mouse, Rat and Pig. Immunogen corresponding to synthetic peptide
http://www.abcam.com/carboxypeptidase-a-antibody-ab63806.html
CPA6 Gene - GeneCards | CBPA6 Protein | CBPA6 Antibody  CPA6 Gene - GeneCards | CBPA6 Protein | CBPA6 Antibody
Complete information for CPA6 gene (Protein Coding), Carboxypeptidase A6, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CPA6
Positive allosteric modulators of VPAC1 receptor-mediated ERK activati by Justin Abbott  "Positive allosteric modulators of VPAC1 receptor-mediated ERK activati" by Justin Abbott
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuroendocrine peptide that has been implicated in a myriad of functions. VIP promotes neuronal survival during development and apoptotic challenges. Further, VIP has been shown to regulate hormonal release, circadian rhythms, vasodilation, and T cell proliferation in central and peripheral tissues. VIP binds with equally high affinity to VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors, members of the Class B family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that also include the PAC1, glucagon (GCGR), and CRH receptors. VIP binding has previously been shown to increase downstream MAPK signaling cascades, especially MEK/ERK. Given the structural similarities and functional overlap between VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors, we sought to investigate whether there are small molecule modulators that can probe and identify the functional distinctions between the two receptor subtypes. For these studies, we used HEK-293 cells stably expressing the VPAC1-EGFP or the VPAC2-EGFP receptor. The cultures
https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/233/
EC 3.4.17.8  EC 3.4.17.8
D-alanine. Other name(s): D-alanine carboxypeptidase I; DD-carboxypeptidase; D-alanine carboxypeptidase; D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase; D-alanine-D-alanine-carboxypeptidase; carboxypeptidase D-alanyl-D-alanine; carboxypeptidase I; UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tetrapeptidyl-D-alanine alanine-hydrolase; D-alanyl-D-alanine peptidase; DD-peptidase; penicillin binding protein 5; PBP5; PdcA; VanY; VanX (ambiguous). Comments: A bacterial enzyme that requires a divalent cation for activity. Does not cleave the C-terminal D-alanine from the product of the above reaction, UDP-N-acetyl-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-γ-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysyl-D-alanine. Competitively inhibited by penicillins and cephalosporins.. Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, Metacyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9077-67-2. References:. 1. Izaki, K. and Strominger, J.L. Biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls. XIV. Purification and properties of two D-alanine carboxypeptidases from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 243 ...
http://www.sbcs.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC3/4/17/8.html
7 Best Herbal Remedies For Hypothyroidism - Natural Home Remedies & Supplements  7 Best Herbal Remedies For Hypothyroidism - Natural Home Remedies & Supplements
Research proves that aside from treating medical problems related to cardiovascular and respiratory system, Coleus forskohlii helps in increasing the production and secretion of thyroid hormones.Derived from the root portion of a plant known by the name of Plectranthus barbatus, the herb contains a chemical called Forsholin which stimulates a series of chemical reactions involving cAMP, causing energy release from the fat cells. Its action is similar to ephedrine but fortunately, the side effects associated with ephedrine are bypassed while using this particular medicinal herb.. To improve the sluggish working of the thyroid gland as well as torch fat (fat increases in a hypothyroid state), a dose of 50-100 mg of Coleus, taken two to three times in a day is enough. Those having medications such as warfarin or aspirin (anticoagulants) must speak to their physician before including the herb in their treatment regime. As it has a tendency to reduce blood pressure, people on anti-hypertensive drugs ...
http://www.natural-homeremedies.com/7-best-herbal-remedies-for-hypothyroidism/
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Gentaur Molecular :Abfron \ anti-Carboxypeptidase N subunit 2 precusor , Mouse monoclonal to Carboxypeptidase N subunit 2...  Gentaur Molecular :Abfron \ anti-Carboxypeptidase N subunit 2 precusor , Mouse monoclonal to Carboxypeptidase N subunit 2...
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CCCC 2003, Volume 68, Issue 11, Abstracts pp. 2055-2079 | Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications  CCCC 2003, Volume 68, Issue 11, Abstracts pp. 2055-2079 | Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications
We compare recent quantum mechanical computations of alternative reaction pathways for carboxypeptidase A, a zinc proteinase, in an "enzyme environment" to similar calculations in the "gas phase" that include the minimal chemical entities that are required for a non-catalytic reaction. The main question that we address is whether anything may be learned from such reduced representations. Two general acid-general base alternative pathways and one nucleophilic pathway are compared. The original calculations were run on a relatively large model (120 atoms) of the active site of carboxypeptidase A which included zinc and its ligands, as well as the residues Arg145, Arg127, Glu270, a water molecule and a model dipeptide. The "gas-phase" pathways include only the dipeptide, water and Glu270 and serve as models for the non-catalytic pathway. The calculations were performed by semiempirical MNDO/H/d that includes modifications for d-orbital representations as well as for intra- and intermolecular ...
http://cccc.uochb.cas.cz/68/11/2055/
Rapid Epitope Mapping by Carboxypeptidase Digestion and Immunoblotting | SpringerLink  Rapid Epitope Mapping by Carboxypeptidase Digestion and Immunoblotting | SpringerLink
Conventional methods for locating the epitope of an antibody on an antigen all require amino acid sequencing at some stage of the protocol. The protein footprinting approach, for example, employs...
https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007%2F978-1-60327-259-9_94
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On the Streptomyces albus G DD carboxypeptidase mechanism of action of penicillin, vancomycin, and ristocetin - Leyh-Bouille...  On the Streptomyces albus G DD carboxypeptidase mechanism of action of penicillin, vancomycin, and ristocetin - Leyh-Bouille...
en] The activity of the D-alanyl-D carboxypeptidase from the penicillin-resistant Streptomyces albus G is not or very little affected by penicillins and related antibiotics. The molecular basis for the mechanism of action of penicillin is discussed. The Streptomyces albus G D-alanyl-D carboxypeptidase appears as a model for the study of a mechanism of penicillin resistance that does not involve the enzymatic degradation of the antibiotic. Vancomycin and ristocetin are shown to inhibit the hydrolysis of sensitive peptides by the Streptomyces albus G D-alanyl-D carboxypeptidase and the mechanism of inhibition is discussed ...
http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/91733
Twisted Gallbladder (Volvulus, Torsion) Causes, Symptoms, Surgery | Healthhype.com  Twisted Gallbladder (Volvulus, Torsion) Causes, Symptoms, Surgery | Healthhype.com
The abdominal organs ares kept in place within the large abdominal cavity by a combination of overlying layers of tissue (peritoneum) and ligaments. Neighboring organs also support each other along with fat tissue. Although the organs can move to some extent, the supporting structures ensure that any movement of an individual organ is minimal. Twisting of the abdominal organs is uncommon but can occur with very long structures like the intestines (intestinal volvulus or twisted bowel). The gallbladder can also twist along the long axis on its pedicle.. The mesentery is a sheet of tissue that contains within it the arteries and veins that carry blood to and from the intestines. It also supports and supplies surrounding organs like the gallbladder. When there are anatomic variants in the mesentery or loss of visceral fat (fat tissue around the organs) then the gallbladder is free to move around more than it normally should. This is freely hanging gallbladder is also referred to as a "floating ...
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Minerals ~ Zinc  Minerals ~ Zinc
Method of Action. Zinc is an important metallic constituent of the enzyme carboxypeptidase A, a pancreatic enzyme active in protein degradation. Zinc is found in highest concentration in the liver, with lesser amounts found in the pancreas, kidney, and pituitary gland. Zinc absorption occurs primarily in the small intestine. Zinc-binding ligand molecules act to transport zinc across the mucosal cells of the intestine, where it is picked up by albumin molecules for transport to the liver and other organs.. Zinc is a constituent of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. This enzyme is, in turn, a constituent of red blood cells and gastric juices, and plays an important role in the deposition of calcium salts in teeth and bones.. The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase contains zinc and is essential for the conversion of alcohol to an aldehyde, thereby facilitating alcohol metabolism in the liver. The function of this enzyme and its relationship to the development of liver cirrhosis is conspicuously tied to ...
http://www.springboard4health.com/notebook/min_zinc.html
What Are the Dangers of Taking Bovine Pituitary Extract? - T Replacement - Forums - T Nation  What Are the Dangers of Taking Bovine Pituitary Extract? - T Replacement - Forums - T Nation
A comment in a previous post peaked my interest. I found this on LiveStrong. Bovine pituitary extract is a potential source of infectious agents. Bovine pituitary extract, or BPE, is a filtered, water-based extract of fresh pituitary glands from cattle. As a source of growth factors and hormones, BPE is used in tissue culture research to support various cell lines, such as skin, breast, lung and prostate. You might consider taking BPE to address any number of issues, including thyroid, ...
https://forums.t-nation.com/t/what-are-the-dangers-of-taking-bovine-pituitary-extract/195071
SEMA3C gene - Genetics Home Reference - NIH  SEMA3C gene - Genetics Home Reference - NIH
From NCBI Gene:. This gene encodes a secreted glycoprotein that belongs to the semaphorin class 3 family of neuronal guidance cues. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal sema domain, integrin and immunoglobulin-like domains, and a C-terminal basic domain. Homodimerization and proteolytic cleavage of the C-terminal propeptide are necessary for the function of the encoded protein. It binds a neuropilin co-receptor before forming a heterotrimeric complex with an associated plexin. An increase in the expression of this gene correlates with an increase in cancer cell invasion and adhesion. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene are associated with Hirschsprung disease. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]. From UniProt: ...
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/SEMA3C
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Hormone original comment  Hormone original comment
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Prescribe to Prevent: Overdose Prevention and Naloxone Rescue Kits for Prescribers and Pharmacists  Prescribe to Prevent: Overdose Prevention and Naloxone Rescue Kits for Prescribers and Pharmacists
Your pharmacy license number, date of birth and NABP ID number are required to create an account in the URI CPD online registration and evaluation system. The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) and the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) developed a universal continuing pharmacy education credit tracking system called CPE Monitor. Pharmacists and pharmacy technicians must obtain their NABP e-Profile ID www.MyCPEmonitor.net. Your NABP ID and Date of Birth (DOB) in MMDD format are required to receive credit for all ACPE-accredited CPE activities. This requirement is an effort to streamline future continuing education credit reporting. Pharmacy license numbers will not be used for any other purpose.. ...
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Plus it  Plus it
Both decreased Si determined by the euglycemic insulin clamp and decreased EIR were predictors of type 2 diabetes in the multivariate analysis in this elderly male population, as has been shown previously in young Pima Indians (6). Furthermore, in the present study, the propeptides 32-33 split proinsulin and intact proinsulin significantly predicted conversion to type 2 diabetes over a 7-year follow-up, also after adjustments for the EIR and Si determined by the gold standard euglycemic insulin clamp.. Hyperproinsulinemia can be a consequence of a primary reduction of insulin secretion capacity. An increased proportion of proinsulin in secretory granules at the time of exocytosis may reflect a slower rate of conversion from proinsulin to insulin (26). It is assumed that the packaging of proinsulin and proinsulin conversion enzymes into the nascent secretory granules depends on an active sorting process (27), but studies on the specificity of the sorting process in the regulated secretory pathway ...
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/27/6/1433
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Peptide question not sure where to post this  Peptide question not sure where to post this
If someone is facing criminal charges for steroids so they have to stay off them can they still take peptides or any prohormones? Not as educated on the prohormones or peptides as far as laws? Can anyone answer this for me?
http://forums.musculardevelopment.com/showthread.php/138164-Peptide-question-not-sure-where-to-post-this?s=4f0f68ded27b2744e7960025c9084c5e&p=3458697
Glutamate Carboxypeptidase 2 (Folate Hydrolase 1 or Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen or PSMA or Pteroylpoly Gamma Glutamate...  Glutamate Carboxypeptidase 2 (Folate Hydrolase 1 or Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen or PSMA or Pteroylpoly Gamma Glutamate...
[38 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Glutamate Carboxypeptidase 2 (Folate Hydrolase 1 or Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen or PSMA or Pteroylpoly Gamma Glutamate Carboxypeptidase or Cell Growth Inhibiting Gene 27 Protein or FOLH1 or EC 3.4.17.21) - Pipeline Review, H2 2017 report by Global Markets Direct. Glutamate Carboxypeptidase 2 (Folate Hydrolase 1 or Prostate Specific Membrane...
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Two proteins associated with secretory granule membranes identified in chicken regulated secretory cells | Journal of Cell...  Two proteins associated with secretory granule membranes identified in chicken regulated secretory cells | Journal of Cell...
Lately, we have identified two polypeptides of 92-94 kDa (GRL1) and 45-60 kDa (GRL2), expressed in cytoplasmic granules of chicken granulocytes and thrombocytes. Here, we report that GRL1 and GRL2 are widely distributed in all exocrine and several endocrine cell types, but not in neurons of the central nervous system, during late stages of embryonic development, as well as in newly hatched and two-month-old chickens. Immunogold studies in ultrathin frozen sections of pancreatic acinar cells show that GRL1 and GRL2 are co-localized at the periphery of zymogen granules, in granules fused with apical acinar membranes and on apical membranes of acini, while the pregranular compartments of the secretory pathway are weakly or not labeled. Semiquantitative morphometric studies indicate that GRL1 and GRL2 are equally distributed in secretory granules. A variety of physical and metabolic studies reveal that GRL2, a highly N-glycosylated polypeptide, is an intrinsic membrane protein, while GRL1 is a ...
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/107/5/1297
Plasma glutamate carboxypeptidase is a negative regulator in liver cancer metastasis | Oncotarget  Plasma glutamate carboxypeptidase is a negative regulator in liver cancer metastasis | Oncotarget
https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12967 Jae-Hye Lee, Hyun-Soo Cho, Jeong-Ju Lee, Soo Young Jun, Jun-Ho Ahn, Ju-Sik Min, Ji-Yong Yoon, Min-Hyuk Choi, Su-Jin Jeon, Jung Hwa Lim, Cho-Rok Jung, Dae-Soo...
http://www.oncotarget.com/index.php?journal=oncotarget&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=12967&path%5B%5D=41081
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Carboxypeptidase HCarboxypeptidasesMannoheptuloseChromaffin GranulesCarboxypeptidase BCarboxypeptidases ALysine CarboxypeptidaseCathepsin AMicromonosporaceaeThermoactinomycesEncyclopedias as TopicSubstrate SpecificityMicromonosporaSerine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala CarboxypeptidaseStreptomycesDictionaries, MedicalDictionaries as TopicProtein O-MethyltransferaseProtein FootprintingEpitope MappingAmino Acid SequenceAmino AcidsSequence Analysis, DNABooks, IllustratedAbstracting and Indexing as TopicMolecular Sequence DataAntibodiesAntibody SpecificityAntibodies, MonoclonalRabbitsAntibodies, ViralPolynucleotide 5'-Hydroxyl-KinasePolyribonucleotide NucleotidyltransferasePolynucleotidesPatents as TopicExoribonucleasesPolyglutamic AcidPteroylpolyglutamic AcidsOxepinsSodium AzideAuthorshipKnowledge BasesGPI-Linked ProteinsMetalloendopeptidasesNeuraminidaseElectronic MailAmino Acids, AromaticScienceRecombinant ProteinsProprotein Convertase 2Pro-Opiomelanocortin
Aspergillus oryzaeAspergillus oryzae
Enzymes: strong secretion of amylases (α-amylase and glucoamylase); some carboxypeptidase; low tyrosinase ...
Digestive enzymeDigestive enzyme
Carboxypeptidase, which is a protease that takes off the terminal amino acid group from a protein ...
Chromosome 3Chromosome 3
CPN2: Carboxypeptidase N subunit 2. *CPOX: coproporphyrinogen oxidase (coproporphyria, harderoporphyria). *DPPA2: Developmental ...
Chromosome 17Chromosome 17
SCPEP1: encoding enzyme Retinoid-inducible serine carboxypeptidase. *SEBOX: encoding protein SEBOX homeobox ...
Beta sheetBeta sheet
Psi-loop motif from Carboxypeptidase A. Psi-loop motif[edit]. The psi-loop (Ψ-loop) motif consists of two antiparallel strands ...
List of OMIM disorder codesList of OMIM disorder codes
MPI Carboxypeptidase N deficiency; 212070; CPN1 Carcinoid tumors, intestinal; 114900; SDHD Cardiac arrhythmia, ankyrin-B- ...
CPA3CPA3
... carboxypeptidase A2 (CPA2), and carboxypeptidase B. This subfamily includes 6 carboxypeptidase A-like enzymes, numbered 1-6. ... Carboxypeptidase A3 (mast cell carboxypeptidase A), also known as CPA3, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the CPA3 ... and comparison of the protein with mouse mast cell carboxypeptidase A and rat pancreatic carboxypeptidases". Proceedings of the ... Huang H, Reed CP, Zhang JS, Shridhar V, Wang L, Smith DI (June 1999). "Carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3): a novel gene highly induced ...
Coordination complexCoordination complex
Carboxypeptidase, a hydrolytic enzyme important in digestion. Another complex ion enzyme is catalase, which decomposes the ...
CPA5CPA5
Carboxypeptidase A5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPA5 gene. Carboxypeptidases have functions ranging from ... "Entrez Gene: CPA5 carboxypeptidase A5". Human CPA5 genome location and CPA5 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. ... Members of the A/B subfamily of carboxypeptidases, such as CPA5, contain an approximately 90-amino acid pro region that assists ... 2003). "The imprinted region on human chromosome 7q32 extends to the carboxypeptidase A gene cluster: an imprinted candidate ...
CPA4 (gene)CPA4 (gene)
Carboxypeptidase A4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPA4 gene. This gene is a member of the carboxypeptidase A/B ... "Entrez Gene: CPA4 carboxypeptidase A4". Human CPA3 genome location and CPA3 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. Human ... 2005). "Detailed molecular comparison between the inhibition mode of A/B-type carboxypeptidases in the zymogen state and by the ... 2003). "The novel imprinted carboxypeptidase A4 gene ( CPA4) in the 7q32 imprinting domain". Hum. Genet. 112 (3): 220-6. doi: ...
Peptidyl-dipeptidase DcpPeptidyl-dipeptidase Dcp
... (EC 3.4.15.5, dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (Dcp), dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase) is an enzyme. It ... Yaron, A. (1976). "Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase from Escherichia coli". Methods Enzymol. 45: 599-610. doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(76) ...
Protein BM-1 bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebasProtein BM-1 bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
... procollagen carboxypeptidase; procollagen carboxy-terminal proteinase; procollagen peptidase, BMP-1, EC 3.4.24.19) merupakan ...
Thomas A. SteitzThomas A. Steitz
The structure of carboxypeptidase A. VI. Some Results at 2.0-A Resolution, and the Complex with Glycyl-Tyrosine at 2.8-A ... The Structure of Carboxypeptidase A, IV. Prelimitary Results at 2.8 A Resolution, and a Substrate Complex at 6 A Resolution. ... The structure of carboxypeptidase A. VII. The 2.0-angstrom resolution studies of the enzyme and of its complex with ... "The Structure of Carboxypeptidase A. III. Molecular Structure at 6 A Resolution," J Mol. Biol. 19, 423-441 (1966). Ludwig, M. L ...
SCPEP1SCPEP1
Retinoid-inducible serine carboxypeptidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SCPEP1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release ... "Entrez Gene: SCPEP1 serine carboxypeptidase 1". Robb GB, Rana TM (2007). "RNA helicase A interacts with RISC in human cells and ... "Cloning of a novel retinoid-inducible serine carboxypeptidase from vascular smooth muscle cells". J Biol Chem. 276 (36): 34175- ...
CPVLCPVL
Probable serine carboxypeptidase CPVL is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPVL gene. The "CPVL" gene is expressed ... "Entrez Gene: CPVL carboxypeptidase, vitellogenic-like". Harris J, Schwinn N, Mahoney JA, Lin HH, Shaw M, Howard CJ, da Silva RP ... Although the primary sequence of CPVL bears every hallmarks of a serine carboxypeptidase, the enzymatic function of CPVL has ... The designation of CPVL is a true serine carboxypeptidase. Although the primary sequence displays the expected serine ...
List of biophysically important macromolecular crystal structuresList of biophysically important macromolecular crystal structures
1968 - Papain 1969 - Carboxypeptidase A is a zinc metalloprotease. Its crystal structure (PDB file 1CPA) showed the first ... Rees DC, Lipscomb WN (1982). "Refined crystal structure of the potato inhibitor complex of carboxypeptidase A at 2.5 A ... Later a small protein inhibitor of carboxypeptidase was solved (PDB file 4CPA) that mechanically stops the catalysis by ... "The structure of carboxypeptidase A, VII. The 2.0-Å resolution studies of the enzyme and of its complex with glycyltyrosine, ...
Streptomyces bikiniensisStreptomyces bikiniensis
... produces streptomycin II and carboxypeptidase. Sholkamy, Essam; Ahmad, Maged; Manal Yaser, Manal; Ali ... "Carboxypeptidase from Streptomyces bikiniensis: Primary structure, isolation, and properties". Biochemistry (Moscow). 75 (8): ...
CPN1CPN1
Carboxypeptidase N catalytic chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPN1 gene. Carboxypeptidase N is a plasma ... 2000). "Pro-carboxypeptidase R is an acute phase protein in the mouse, whereas carboxypeptidase N is not". J. Immunol. 165 (2 ... "Inactivation of C3a and C5a octapeptides by carboxypeptidase R and carboxypeptidase N". Microbiol. Immunol. 46 (2): 131-4. doi: ... "Entrez Gene: CPN1 carboxypeptidase N, polypeptide 1". Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, et al. (2008). "Novel MITF targets ...
Kininogen 1Kininogen 1
Matthews KW, Mueller-Ortiz SL, Wetsel RA (Jan 2004). "Carboxypeptidase N: a pleiotropic regulator of inflammation". Molecular ...
CPN2CPN2
"Entrez Gene: CPN2 carboxypeptidase N, polypeptide 2". Human CPN2 genome location and CPN2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome ... Carboxypeptidase N subunit 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPN2 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... Riley DA, Tan F, Miletich DJ, Skidgel RA (Apr 1999). "Chromosomal localization of the genes for human carboxypeptidase D (CPD) ... "Amino acid sequence of the N-terminus and selected tryptic peptides of the active subunit of human plasma carboxypeptidase N: ...
AminopeptidaseAminopeptidase
Alanine aminopeptidase Carboxypeptidase PDB: 3QNF​: Vollmar, M.; Kochan, G.; Krojer, T.; Harvey, D.; Chaikuad, A.; Allerston, C ...
Protein metabolismProtein metabolism
"Carboxypeptidase". www.chemistry.wustl.edu. Retrieved 2019-03-23.. *^ Nelson DL, Cox MM, Lehninger AL (2013). Lehninger ... Carboxypeptidases cleave at the carboxyl end of the protein. While they can catabolize proteins, they are more often used in ... aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases. Aminopeptidases are enzymes that remove amino acids from the amino terminus of protein. ...
Hepatitis BHepatitis B
There is evidence that the receptor in the closely related duck hepatitis B virus is carboxypeptidase D.[53][54] The virions ... "Carboxypeptidase D is an avian hepatitis B virus receptor" (PDF). Journal of Virology. 73 (10): 8696-8702. PMC 112890 . PMID ...
CPM (gene)CPM (gene)
Carboxypeptidase M is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPM gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-bound ... "Entrez Gene: CPM carboxypeptidase M". Human CPM genome location and CPM gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. Fujiwara ... 1995). "Distribution of carboxypeptidase M on lymphoid and myeloid cells parallels the other zinc-dependent proteases CD10 and ... 1998). "Membrane-bound carboxypeptidase-M is expressed on human ovarian follicles and corpora lutea of menstrual cycle and ...
Met-enkephalinMet-enkephalin
Lyons PJ, Callaway MB, Fricker LD (March 2008). "Characterization of carboxypeptidase A6, an extracellular matrix peptidase". ... carboxypeptidase A6 (CPA6), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). These enzymes are sometimes referred to as enkephalinases ... the resulting intermediates are further reduced by the enzyme carboxypeptidase E (CPE; previously known as enkephalin ...
EnkephalinaseEnkephalinase
Lyons PJ, Callaway MB, Fricker LD (March 2008). "Characterization of carboxypeptidase A6, an extracellular matrix peptidase". ... They include: Aminopeptidase N (APN) Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) Carboxypeptidase A6 (CPA6) ...
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Carboxypeptidase HCarboxypeptidasesMannoheptuloseChromaffin GranulesCarboxypeptidase BCarboxypeptidases ALysine CarboxypeptidaseCathepsin AMicromonosporaceaeThermoactinomycesEncyclopedias as TopicSubstrate SpecificityMicromonosporaSerine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala CarboxypeptidaseStreptomycesDictionaries, MedicalDictionaries as TopicProtein O-MethyltransferaseProtein FootprintingEpitope MappingAmino Acid SequenceAmino AcidsSequence Analysis, DNABooks, IllustratedAbstracting and Indexing as TopicMolecular Sequence DataAntibodiesAntibody SpecificityAntibodies, MonoclonalRabbitsAntibodies, ViralPolynucleotide 5'-Hydroxyl-KinasePolyribonucleotide NucleotidyltransferasePolynucleotidesPatents as TopicExoribonucleasesPolyglutamic AcidPteroylpolyglutamic AcidsOxepinsSodium AzideAuthorshipKnowledge BasesGPI-Linked ProteinsMetalloendopeptidasesNeuraminidaseElectronic MailAmino Acids, AromaticScienceRecombinant ProteinsProprotein Convertase 2Pro-Opiomelanocortin
Carboxypeptidase T - WikipediaCarboxypeptidase T - Wikipedia
Carboxypeptidase T (EC 3.4.17.18, CPT) is an enzyme.[1][2][3] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction ... an extracellular carboxypeptidase of thermophilic actinomycetes - a remote analog of animal carboxypeptidases". Biochemistry ( ... Carboxypeptidase T at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ... "Crystal structure of carboxypeptidase T from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris". Eur. J. Biochem. 208: 281-288. doi:10.1111/j.1432- ...
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Zinc D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase - WikipediaZinc D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase - Wikipedia
D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving carboxypeptidase, DD-carboxypeptidase, G enzyme, DD-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase) is an enzyme. ... Zinc D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Molecular and Cellular ... Zinc D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.17.14, Zn2+ G peptidase, D-alanyl-D-alanine hydrolase, ... "The complete amino acid sequence of the Zn2+-containing D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving carboxypeptidase of Streptomyces albus G". ...
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Carboxypeptidase B2 (IPR033849) | InterPro | EMBL-EBICarboxypeptidase B2 (IPR033849) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
Peptidase M14 Carboxypeptidase (CP) B2 (CPB2, also known as plasma carboxypeptidase B, carboxypeptidase U, CPU, and thrombin- ... Carboxypeptidase U (TAFIa): a metallocarboxypeptidase with a distinct role in haemostasis and a possible risk factor for ...
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Carboxypeptidase A definition | Drugs.comCarboxypeptidase A definition | Drugs.com
Definition of carboxypeptidase A. Provided by Stedmans medical dictionary and Drugs.com. Includes medical terms and ... carboxypeptidase A. Pronunciation: kar-bok′sē-pep′ti-dās. Definition: A hydrolase that releases C-terminal amino acids, with ...
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Carboxypeptidase - WikipediaCarboxypeptidase - Wikipedia
... an alanine carboxypeptidase bradykinin is broken down among other enzymes by carboxypeptidase N D-Ala carboxypeptidase is a ... The first carboxypeptidases studied were those involved in the digestion of food (pancreatic carboxypeptidases A1, A2, and B). ... Carboxypeptidase E Carboxypeptidase A Enzyme category EC number 3.4 Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor aka plasma ... In the case of pancreatic carboxypeptidase A, the inactive zymogen form - pro-carboxypeptidase A - is converted to its active ...
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Carboxypeptidase - definition of carboxypeptidase by The Free DictionaryCarboxypeptidase - definition of carboxypeptidase by The Free Dictionary
carboxypeptidase synonyms, carboxypeptidase pronunciation, carboxypeptidase translation, English dictionary definition of ... carboxypeptidase. n. Any of several enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the terminal amino acid of a polypeptide from the ... Related to carboxypeptidase: dipeptidase, Carboxypeptidase B, Carboxypeptidase E, Carboxypeptidase c, carboxypeptidase G2 car· ... Carboxypeptidase - definition of carboxypeptidase by The Free Dictionary https://www.thefreedictionary.com/carboxypeptidase ...
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Carboxypeptidase E, carboxypeptidase domain (IPR034232) | InterPro | EMBL-EBICarboxypeptidase E, carboxypeptidase domain (IPR034232) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
This entry represents the carboxypeptidase domain found in carboxypeptidase (CP) E (CPE, also known as carboxypeptidase H, and ... Primary structure of carboxypeptidase T: delineation of functionally relevant features in Zn-carboxypeptidase family.. J. ... The carboxypeptidase A family can be divided into four subfamilies: M14A (carboxypeptidase A or digestive), M14B ( ... Carboxypeptidase E in the mouse placenta.. Differentiation 74 648-60 2006. Rawlings ND, Barrett AJ. Evolutionary families of ...
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Muramoyltetrapeptide carboxypeptidase - WikipediaMuramoyltetrapeptide carboxypeptidase - Wikipedia
... carboxypeptidase II, lysyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase, L-lysyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase, LD-carboxypeptidase) is an enzyme. ... Muramoyltetrapeptide carboxypeptidase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Molecular and ... Metz, R.; Henning, S.; Hammes, W.P. (1986). "LD-Carboxypeptidase activity in Escherichia coli. II. Isolation, purification and ... DasGupta, H.; Fan, D.P. (1979). "Purification and characterization of a carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase of Bacillus megaterium ...
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Rapid Epitope Mapping by Carboxypeptidase Digestion and Immunoblotting | SpringerLinkRapid Epitope Mapping by Carboxypeptidase Digestion and Immunoblotting | SpringerLink
Low P.S., Yuan J. (1996) Rapid Epitope Mapping by Carboxypeptidase Digestion and Immunoblotting. In: Walker J.M. (eds) The ... Hayashi, R., Moore, S., and Stein, W. H. (1973) Carboxypeptidase from yeast:Large scale preparation and the application to COOH ...
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Carboxypeptidase P - Selective Proteolytic Enzymes | Sigma-AldrichCarboxypeptidase P - Selective Proteolytic Enzymes | Sigma-Aldrich

Xaa = any amino acid residue
↓ = cleavage site
P6P5P4P3P2P1↓P1′
XaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaa↓not Ser
Preferential cleavage:
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PBP Isolation and DD-Carboxypeptidase Assay | SpringerLinkPBP Isolation and DD-Carboxypeptidase Assay | SpringerLink
Chowdhury C, Nayak TR, Young KD et al (2010) A weak DD-carboxypeptidase activity explains the inability of PBP 6 to substitute ... Pal S., Ghosh A.S. (2019) PBP Isolation and DD-Carboxypeptidase Assay. In: Biswas I., Rather P. (eds) Acinetobacter baumannii. ... PBPs are also involved in PG remodeling by catalyzing DD-carboxypeptidase (DD-CPase) and endopeptidase reactions. Though the ... Ghosh AS, Chowdhury C, Nelson DE (2008) Physiological functions of D-alanine carboxypeptidases in Escherichia coli. Trends ...
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RCSB PDB - Protein Feature View - Carboxypeptidase A2 - P48052 (CBPA2 HUMAN)RCSB PDB - Protein Feature View - Carboxypeptidase A2 - P48052 (CBPA2 HUMAN)
Similar to that of carboxypeptidase A EC 3.4.17.1, but with a preference for bulkier C-terminal residues. UniProt ...
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carboxypeptidase A4 ELISA Kits | Biocompare.comcarboxypeptidase A4 ELISA Kits | Biocompare.com
Compare carboxypeptidase A4 ELISA Kits from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, prices, citations, reviews, ... carboxypeptidase A4 ELISA Kits. The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a well-established antibody-based tool for ... Your search returned 53 carboxypeptidase A4 ELISA ELISA Kit across 8 suppliers. ...
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Anti-Carboxypeptidase A antibody (ab63806) | AbcamAnti-Carboxypeptidase A antibody (ab63806) | Abcam
Rabbit polyclonal Carboxypeptidase A antibody validated for WB and tested in Human, Mouse, Rat and Pig. Immunogen corresponding ... All lanes : Anti-Carboxypeptidase A antibody (ab63806) at 4 µg/ml. Lane 1 : Jurkat cell lysate. Lane 2 : Jurkat cell lysate. ... Carboxypeptidase that catalyzes the release of a C-terminal amino acid, but has little or no action with -Asp, -Glu, -Arg, -Lys ...
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Anti-Carboxypeptidase Y antibody (Biotin) | AbcamAnti-Carboxypeptidase Y antibody (Biotin) | Abcam
Anti-Carboxypeptidase Y antibody conjugated to Biotin validated for WB, ELISA, IM, Dot. Immunogen corresponding to full length ... This antibody has been assayed against 1.0µg of Carboxypeptidase Y in a standard capture ELISA using Peroxidase conjugated ...
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A high-resolution structure of ligand-free human glutamate carboxypeptidase II. - PubMed - NCBIA high-resolution structure of ligand-free human glutamate carboxypeptidase II. - PubMed - NCBI
Human glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII; EC 3.4.17.21) is an established marker for prostate-cancer diagnosis as well as a ... A high-resolution structure of ligand-free human glutamate carboxypeptidase II.. Barinka C1, Starkova J, Konvalinka J, ... A high-resolution structure of ligand-free human glutamate carboxypeptidase II. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst ... A high-resolution structure of ligand-free human glutamate carboxypeptidase II. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst ...
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RCSB PDB - Protein Feature View - Carboxypeptidase inhibitor SmCI - P84875 (PCPI SABMA)RCSB PDB - Protein Feature View - Carboxypeptidase inhibitor SmCI - P84875 (PCPI SABMA)
Potent inhibitor of pancreatic carboxypeptidase A with a Ki of 27 nM, and of the serine proteases trypsin, chymotrypsin and ...
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JCI - In vivo regulation of plasminogen function by plasma carboxypeptidase BJCI - In vivo regulation of plasminogen function by plasma carboxypeptidase B
Characterization of a carboxypeptidase in human serum distinct from carboxypeptidase N. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1989. 27:277- ... Carboxypeptidase U, a plasma carboxypeptidase with high affinity for plasminogen. J Biol Chem 1994. 269:15937-15944. View this ... potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor (PCI); plasma carboxypeptidase N (CpN); activated protein C (APC); embryonic stem (ES). ... Plasma carboxypeptidases as regulators of the plasminogen system. J Clin Invest 1995. 96:2534-2538. View this article via: JCI ...
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Patent US6780640 - Human carboxypeptidases and polynucleotides encoding the same - Google PatentsPatent US6780640 - Human carboxypeptidases and polynucleotides encoding the same - Google Patents
Antibodies to human carboxypeptidase B and methods of use thereof. US5593674. Apr 27, 1995. Jan 14, 1997. Genentech, Inc.. ... Carboxypeptidases are proteases that hydrolyze the peptide bonds at the carboxy-terminal end of a chain of amino acids and have ... Plasma carboxypeptidase. US5837458. May 20, 1996. Nov 17, 1998. Maxygen, Inc.. Methods and compositions for cellular and ... Regulation of human zinc carboxypeptidase b-like protein. US20080003673 *. Sep 6, 2005. Jan 3, 2008. Alejandro Abuin. Novel ...
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Carboxypeptidase M Lysates: Novus BiologicalsCarboxypeptidase M Lysates: Novus Biologicals
Browse our Carboxypeptidase M Lysate catalog backed by our Guarantee+. ... We offer Carboxypeptidase M Lysates for use in common research applications: Western Blot. Each Carboxypeptidase M Lysate is ... Our Carboxypeptidase M Lysates can be used in a variety of model species: Human. Use the list below to choose the ... Carboxypeptidase M lysate, CPM lysate, EC 3.4.17 lysate, EC 3.4.17.12 lysate ...
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AGBL1 - Cytosolic carboxypeptidase 4 - Homo sapiens (Human) - AGBL1 gene & proteinAGBL1 - Cytosolic carboxypeptidase 4 - Homo sapiens (Human) - AGBL1 gene & protein
Cytosolic carboxypeptidase 4 (EC:3.4.17.-*Search proteins in UniProtKB for this EC number. ... sp,Q96MI9,CBPC4_HUMAN Cytosolic carboxypeptidase 4 OS=Homo sapiens OX=9606 GN=AGBL1 PE=1 SV=3 ...
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CPA1 - Carboxypeptidase A1 precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - CPA1 gene & proteinCPA1 - Carboxypeptidase A1 precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - CPA1 gene & protein
Carboxypeptidase that catalyzes the release of a C-terminal amino acid, but has little or no action with -Asp, -Glu, -Arg, -Lys ... Carboxypeptidase A1Add BLAST. 309. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). DescriptionActions. Graphical view. ... Carboxypeptidase that catalyzes the release of a C-terminal amino acid, but has little or no action with -Asp, -Glu, -Arg, -Lys ... Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.6 ANGSTROMS) OF 112-418 IN COMPLEX WITH ASCARIS CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR AND ZINC IONS, ...
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Carboxypeptidase A1 Antibody Carboxypeptidase A1 Antibody
Carboxypeptidase A1 Polyclonal Antibody from Invitrogen for Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) applications. This ... Protein Aliases: Carboxypeptidase A1; carboxypeptidase A1 (pancreatic); CPA; pancreatic carboxypeptidase A Gene Aliases: CPA; ... Cite Carboxypeptidase A1 Polyclonal Antibody. The following antibody was used in this experiment: Carboxypeptidase A1 ... A synthetic peptide derived from the internal region of human CARBOXYPEPTIDASE A1 ...
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NOS1AP regulates dendrite patterning of hippocampal neurons through a carboxypeptidase E-mediated pathway. - PubMed - NCBINOS1AP regulates dendrite patterning of hippocampal neurons through a carboxypeptidase E-mediated pathway. - PubMed - NCBI
NOS1AP regulates dendrite patterning of hippocampal neurons through a carboxypeptidase E-mediated pathway.. Carrel D1, Du Y, ... NOS1AP Regulates Dendrite Patterning of Hippocampal Neurons through a Carboxypeptidase E-Mediated Pathway ... NOS1AP Regulates Dendrite Patterning of Hippocampal Neurons through a Carboxypeptidase E-Mediated Pathway ... NOS1AP Regulates Dendrite Patterning of Hippocampal Neurons through a Carboxypeptidase E-Mediated Pathway ...
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JCI - Citations to Aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein, a WNT ligand, exacerbates nonalcoholic steatohepatitisJCI - Citations to Aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein, a WNT ligand, exacerbates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Here, we demonstrate that the hepatic expression of aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein (ACLP), a glycosylated, secreted ...
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AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Carboxypeptidase HCarboxypeptidasesMannoheptuloseChromaffin GranulesCarboxypeptidase BCarboxypeptidases ALysine CarboxypeptidaseCathepsin AMicromonosporaceaeThermoactinomycesEncyclopedias as TopicSubstrate SpecificityMicromonosporaSerine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala CarboxypeptidaseStreptomycesDictionaries, MedicalDictionaries as TopicProtein O-MethyltransferaseProtein FootprintingEpitope MappingAmino Acid SequenceAmino AcidsSequence Analysis, DNABooks, IllustratedAbstracting and Indexing as TopicMolecular Sequence DataAntibodiesAntibody SpecificityAntibodies, MonoclonalRabbitsAntibodies, ViralPolynucleotide 5'-Hydroxyl-KinasePolyribonucleotide NucleotidyltransferasePolynucleotidesPatents as TopicExoribonucleasesPolyglutamic AcidPteroylpolyglutamic AcidsOxepinsSodium AzideAuthorshipKnowledge BasesGPI-Linked ProteinsMetalloendopeptidasesNeuraminidaseElectronic MailAmino Acids, AromaticScienceRecombinant ProteinsProprotein Convertase 2Pro-Opiomelanocortin
AntibodyGlutamate carboxypeptidasePancreatic carboxypeptidasePCPBGeneInhibitorTAFIAorticRecombinant carboxypeptidase B lyophilizedCPB2ArginineResiduesProteaseTrypsinInhibitionTissuePlasmaEndopeptidaseCPA2Expression of carboxypeptidaseCDNAEscherichiaCytosolicProlyl carboxypeptidaseAcid carboxypeptidaseBovine carboxypeptidaseSerine carboxypeptidasesCPB1TAFIaExopeptidasesMolecularMechanismWestern BlotActivityAromaticYeast
Antibody10
Glutamate carboxypeptidase20
Pancreatic carboxypeptidase1
PCPB2
Gene11
Inhibitor4
TAFI2
Aortic4
Recombinant carboxypeptidase B lyophilized2
CPB21
Arginine6
Residues3
Protease2
Trypsin2
Inhibition2
Tissue1
  • Objective To evaluate the impact of alterations in fibrin structure mediated by constitutive carboxypeptidase activity on the function of fibrin as a template for tissue plasminogen activator-(tPA) induced plasminogen activation and its susceptibility to digestion by plasmin. (elsevier.com)
Plasma4
Endopeptidase3
CPA21
Expression of carboxypeptidase2
  • Sun L, Guo C, Burnett J, Pan J, Yang Z, Ran Y, Sun D. Association between expression of Carboxypeptidase 4 and stem cell markers and their clinical significance in liver cancer development. (jcancer.org)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the expression of carboxypeptidase 4 (CPA4) in hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer tissues, and revealed its clinical significance in liver cancer progression. (jcancer.org)
CDNA3
Escherichia3
Cytosolic2
Prolyl carboxypeptidase1
Acid carboxypeptidase1
Bovine carboxypeptidase1
Serine carboxypeptidases1
  • The fact that two of the least related proteins within this clade are acyltransferases rather than true serine carboxypeptidases suggests that some or all of the remaining members of this group may have similar activities. (plantphysiol.org)
CPB11
TAFIa2
Exopeptidases1
  • Carboxypeptidases are zinc-containing exopeptidases that catalyze the release of carboxy-terminal amino acids, and are synthesized as zymogens that are activated by proteolytic cleavage. (nih.gov)
Molecular2
  • Within the secretory granules, carboxypeptidase E (CPE) activity is found in both a soluble and a membrane-bound form 1 , which differ slightly in relative molecular mass (M r ) 5 . (elsevier.com)
  • Within the secretory granules, carboxypeptidase E (CPE) activity is found in both a soluble and a membrane-bound form1, which differ slightly in relative molecular mass (Mr)5. (elsevier.com)
Mechanism4
  • Carboxypeptidases are usually classified into one of several families based on their active site mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
  • This mechanism ensures that the cells wherein pro-carboxypeptidase A is produced are not themselves digested. (wikipedia.org)
  • We conclude that the interaction of Tyr-248 with Zn is not an essential part of the mechanism of carboxypeptidase A and that its occurrence is an artifact of chemical modification of Tyr-248. (caltech.edu)
  • The Streptomyces albus G D-alanyl-D carboxypeptidase appears as a model for the study of a mechanism of penicillin resistance that does not involve the enzymatic degradation of the antibiotic. (ac.be)
Western Blot1
Activity4
  • In this paper we link the catalytic activity of carboxypeptidase N to tumor progression in clinical samples from breast cancer patients and a breast cancer animal model. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • coli , most LMM PBP exhibit dd-carboxypeptidase activity, are not essential for growth in routine laboratory media, and contributions to virulent phenotypes remain largely unknown. (bioportfolio.com)
  • en] The activity of the D-alanyl-D carboxypeptidase from the penicillin-resistant Streptomyces albus G is not or very little affected by penicillins and related antibiotics. (ac.be)
  • en] The process of pressure-induced denaturation of carboxypeptidase Y and the role of the carbohydrate moiety in its response to pressure and low temperature were investigated by measuring in situ the catalytic activity and, the intrinsic and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid binding fluorescences. (uliege.be)
Aromatic1
Yeast2
  • Hayashi, R., Moore, S., and Stein, W. H. (1973) Carboxypeptidase from yeast:Large scale preparation and the application to COOH-terminal analysis of peptides and proteins. (springer.com)
  • The reactions between yeast carboxypeptidase C and the group-specific reagents, phenylglyoxal and iodoacetamide, have been studied in detail and the reactions of residue at the active site with N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone and diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate have been confirmed. (meta.org)

Xaa = any amino acid residue
↓ = cleavage site
P6P5P4P3P2P1↓P1′
XaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaa↓not Ser