Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase: A urea cycle enzyme that catalyzes the formation of orthophosphate and L-citrulline (CITRULLINE) from CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE and L-ornithine (ORNITHINE). Deficiency of this enzyme may be transmitted as an X-linked trait. EC 2.1.3.3.Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease: An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as an X-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases: A group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of carboxyl- or carbamoyl- groups. EC 2.1.3.Carbamyl Phosphate: The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING).Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia): An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from ATP, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. This enzyme is specific for arginine biosynthesis or the urea cycle. Absence or lack of this enzyme may cause CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE I DEFICIENCY DISEASE. EC 6.3.4.16.Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing): An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from ATP, carbon dioxide, and glutamine. This enzyme is important in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines. EC 6.3.5.5.Transferases: Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of carbamoyl phosphate and L-aspartate to yield orthophosphate and N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.1.3.2.Carbamates: Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid.Glutathione Transferase: A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.Alkyl and Aryl Transferases: A somewhat heterogeneous class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of alkyl or related groups (excluding methyl groups). EC 2.5.Phosphotransferases (Carboxyl Group Acceptor): A class of enzymes that transfers phosphate groups and has a carboxyl group as an acceptor. EC 2.7.2.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups): A class of enzymes that transfers substituted phosphate groups. EC 2.7.8.Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases: Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-nitrogen bond. EC 6.3.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Ammonia: A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.CitrullineOrotic AcidDNA Nucleotidylexotransferase: A non-template-directed DNA polymerase normally found in vertebrate thymus and bone marrow. It catalyzes the elongation of oligo- or polydeoxynucleotide chains and is widely used as a tool in the differential diagnosis of acute leukemias in man. EC 2.7.7.31.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.Coenzyme A-Transferases: Enzymes which transfer coenzyme A moieties from acyl- or acetyl-CoA to various carboxylic acceptors forming a thiol ester. Enzymes in this group are instrumental in ketone body metabolism and utilization of acetoacetate in mitochondria. EC 2.8.3.Ligases: A class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a bond between two substrate molecules, coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP or a similar energy donor. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 6.Dogfish: Sharks of the family Squalidae, also called dogfish sharks. They comprise at least eight genera and 44 species. Their LIVER is valued for its oil and its flesh is often made into fertilizer.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.Substrate Specificity: A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.Dihydroorotase: An enzyme that, in the course of pyrimidine biosynthesis, catalyzes ring closure by removal of water from N-carbamoylaspartate to yield dihydro-orotic acid. EC 3.5.2.3.Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.Urea: A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.Nucleic Acids: High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained together by ribose or deoxyribose linkages.RNA Nucleotidyltransferases: Enzymes that catalyze the template-directed incorporation of ribonucleotides into an RNA chain. EC 2.7.7.-.Gene Library: A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of Peganum harmala L., Zygophyllaceae. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic Parkinson disease in the 1920's.Libraries, MedicalOligonucleotides: Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)Ballistocardiography: Technique of graphic representation of the movements of the body imparted by the ballistic forces (recoil and impact) associated with cardiac contraction and ejection of blood and with the deceleration of blood flow through the large blood vessels. These movements, quantitatively very minute, are translated by a pickup device (transducer) into an electrical potential which is suitably amplified and recorded on a conventional electrocardiograph or other recording machine.Linear Energy Transfer: Rate of energy dissipation along the path of charged particles. In radiobiology and health physics, exposure is measured in kiloelectron volts per micrometer of tissue (keV/micrometer T).Tropheryma: A genus of gram-positive bacteria in the family Cellulomonadaceae.Whipple Disease: A chronic systemic infection by a gram-positive bacterium, Tropheryma whippelii, mainly affecting the SMALL INTESTINE but also the JOINTS; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The disease is characterized by fat deposits in the INTESTINAL MUCOSA and LYMPH NODES, malabsorption, DIARRHEA with fatty stools, MALNUTRITION, and ARTHRITIS.Actinobacteria: Class of BACTERIA with diverse morphological properties. Strains of Actinobacteria show greater than 80% 16S rDNA/rRNA sequence similarity among each other and also the presence of certain signature nucleotides. (Stackebrandt E. et al, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1997) 47:479-491)Actinomycetales Infections: Infections with bacteria of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections: Bacterial infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges, including infections involving the perimeningeal spaces.Actinomycetales: An order of gram-positive, primarily aerobic BACTERIA that tend to form branching filaments.Legionnaires' Disease: An acute, sometimes fatal, pneumonia-like bacterial infection characterized by high fever, malaise, muscle aches, respiratory disorders and headache. It is named for an outbreak at the 1976 Philadelphia convention of the American Legion.Clostridium thermocellum: A species of gram-positive, thermophilic, cellulolytic bacteria in the family Clostridaceae. It degrades and ferments CELLOBIOSE and CELLULOSE to ETHANOL in the CELLULOSOME.Renewable Energy: Forms of energy that are constantly and rapidly renewed by natural processes such as solar, ocean wave, and wind energy. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Biofuels: Hydrocarbon-rich byproducts from the non-fossilized BIOMASS that are combusted to generate energy as opposed to fossilized hydrocarbon deposits (FOSSIL FUELS).Clostridium: A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods, Irregular: A group of irregular rod-shaped bacteria that stain gram-positive and do not produce endospores.Metabolic Networks and Pathways: Complex sets of enzymatic reactions connected to each other via their product and substrate metabolites.
Light-dependent changes in redox status of the plastidic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and its regulatory component. (1/77)
Plastidic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase; EC 6.4.1.2), which catalyses the synthesis of malonyl-CoA and is the regulatory enzyme of fatty acid synthesis, is activated by light, presumably under redox regulation. To obtain evidence of redox regulation in vivo, the activity of ACCase was examined in pea chloroplasts isolated from plants kept in darkness (dark-ACCase) or after exposure to light for 1 h (light-ACCase) in the presence or absence of a thiol-reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT). The protein level was similar for light-ACCase and dark-ACCase, but the activity of light-ACCase in the absence of DTT was approx. 3-fold that of dark-ACCase. The light-ACCase and dark-ACCase were activated approx. 2-fold and 6-fold by DTT respectively, indicating that light-ACCase was in a much more reduced, active form than the dark-ACCase. This is the first demonstration of the light-dependent reduction of ACCase in vivo. Measurement of the activities of ACCase, carboxyltransferase and biotin carboxylase in the presence and absence of DTT, and the thiol-oxidizing agent, 5, 5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic) acid, revealed that the carboxyltransferase reaction, but not the biotin carboxylase reaction, was redox-regulated. The cysteine residue(s) responsible for redox regulation probably reside on the carboxyltransferase component. Measurement of the pH dependence of biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase activities in the ACCase suggested that both components affect the activity of ACCase in vivo at a physiological pH range. These results suggest that the activation of ACCase by light is caused partly by the pH-dependent activation of two components and by the reductive activation of carboxyltransferase. (+info)The biotin domain peptide from the biotin carboxyl carrier protein of Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA carboxylase causes a marked increase in the catalytic efficiency of biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase relative to free biotin. (2/77)
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. The Escherichia coli form of the enzyme consists of a biotin carboxylase activity, a biotin carboxyl carrier protein, and a carboxyltransferase activity. The C-terminal 87 amino acids of the biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP87) form a domain that can be independently expressed, biotinylated, and purified (Chapman-Smith, A., Turner, D. L., Cronan, J. E., Morris, T. W., and Wallace, J. C. (1994) Biochem. J. 302, 881-887). The ability of the biotinylated form of this 87-residue protein (holoBCCP87) to act as a substrate for biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase was assessed and compared with the results with free biotin. In the case of biotin carboxylase holoBCCP87 was an excellent substrate with a K(m) of 0.16 +/- 0.05 mM and V(max) of 1000.8 +/- 182.0 min(-1). The V/K or catalytic efficiency of biotin carboxylase with holoBCCP87 as substrate was 8000-fold greater than with biotin as substrate. Stimulation of the ATP synthesis reaction of biotin carboxylase where carbamyl phosphate reacted with ADP by holoBCCP87 was 5-fold greater than with an equivalent amount of biotin. The interaction of holoBCCP87 with carboxyltransferase was characterized in the reverse direction where malonyl-CoA reacted with holoBCCP87 to form acetyl-CoA and carboxyholoBCCP87. The K(m) for holoBCCP87 was 0.45 +/- 0.07 mM while the V(max) was 2031.8 +/- 231.0 min(-1). The V/K or catalytic efficiency of carboxyltransferase with holoBCCP87 as substrate is 2000-fold greater than with biotin as substrate. (+info)Herbicide sensitivity determinant of wheat plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase is located in a 400-amino acid fragment of the carboxyltransferase domain. (3/77)
A series of chimeral genes, consisting of the yeast GAL10 promoter, yeast ACC1 leader, wheat acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase; EC 6.4.1.2) cDNA, and yeast ACC1 3'-tail, was used to complement a yeast ACC1 mutation. These genes encode a full-length plastid enzyme, with and without the putative chloroplast transit peptide, as well as five chimeric cytosolic/plastid proteins. Four of the genes, all containing at least half of the wheat cytosolic ACCase coding region at the 5'-end, complement the yeast mutation. Aryloxyphenoxypropionate and cyclohexanedione herbicides, at concentrations below 10 microM, inhibit the growth of haploid yeast strains that express two of the chimeric ACCases. This inhibition resembles the inhibition of wheat plastid ACCase observed in vitro and in vivo. The differential response to herbicides localizes the sensitivity determinant to the third quarter of the multidomain plastid ACCase. Sequence comparisons of different multidomain and multisubunit ACCases suggest that this region includes part of the carboxyltransferase domain, and therefore that the carboxyltransferase activity of ACCase (second half-reaction) is the target of the inhibitors. The highly sensitive yeast gene-replacement strains described here provide a convenient system to study herbicide interaction with the enzyme and a powerful screening system for new inhibitors. (+info)Genetic and biochemical characterization of the alpha and beta components of a propionyl-CoA carboxylase complex of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). (4/77)
Two genes, accA1 and accA2, with nearly identical nucleotide sequences were cloned from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). The deduced amino acid sequences of the product of these two genes showed high similarity to BcpA2 of Saccharopolyspora erythraea and other biotin-containing proteins from different organisms assumed to be the alpha subunit of a propionyl-CoA carboxylase. A gene, pccB, encoding the carboxyl transferase subunit of this enzyme complex was also characterized. Strains disrupted in accA1 did not show any change in acetyl- or propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity, whilst cell-free extracts of a pccB mutant strain contained a reduced level of propionyl-CoA carboxylase. No mutants in accA2 could be isolated, suggesting that the gene may be essential. Heterologous expression of accA1, accA2 and pccB in Escherichia col and in vitro reconstitution of enzyme activity confirmed that PccB is the beta subunit of a propionyl-CoA carboxylase and that either AccA1 or AccA2 could act as the alpha component of this enzyme complex. The fact that accA2 mutants appear to be inviable suggests that this gene encodes a biotinylated protein that might be shared with other carboxyl transferases essential for the growth of S. coelicolor. (+info)Metabolic biotinylation of recombinant proteins in mammalian cells and in mice. (5/77)
The avidin-biotin system is a fundamental technology in biomedicine for immunolocalization, imaging, nucleic acid blotting, and protein labeling. While this technology is robust, it is limited by the fact that mammalian proteins must be expressed and purified prior to chemical biotinylation using cross-linking agents which modify proteins at random locations to heterogeneous levels and can inactivate protein function. To circumvent this limitation, we demonstrate the ability to metabolically biotinylate tagged proteins in mammalian cells and in mice using the endogenous biotinylation enzymes of the host. Endogenously biotinylated proteins were readily purified from mammalian cells using monomeric avidin and eluted under nondenaturing conditions using only biotin as the releasing agent. This technology should allow recombinant proteins and fragile protein complexes to be produced and purified from mammalian cells as well as from transgenic plants and animals. In addition, this technology may be particularly useful for cell-targeting applications in which proteins or viral gene therapy vectors can be biotinylated at genetically defined sites for combination with other targeting moieties complexed with avidin. (+info)Molecular cloning and characterization of two genes for the biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase subunits of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase in Myxococcus xanthus. (6/77)
We have cloned a DNA fragment from a genomic library of Myxococcus xanthus using an oligonucleotide probe representing conserved regions of biotin carboxylase subunits of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) carboxylases. The fragment contained two open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2), designated the accB and accA genes, capable of encoding a 538-amino-acid protein of 58.1 kDa and a 573-amino-acid protein of 61.5 kDa, respectively. The protein (AccA) encoded by the accA gene was strikingly similar to biotin carboxylase subunits of acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA carboxylases and of pyruvate carboxylase. The putative motifs for ATP binding, CO(2) fixation, and biotin binding were found in AccA. The accB gene was located upstream of the accA gene, and they formed a two-gene operon. The protein (AccB) encoded by the accB gene showed high degrees of sequence similarity with carboxyltransferase subunits of acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA carboxylases and of methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase. Carboxybiotin-binding and acyl-CoA-binding domains, which are conserved in several carboxyltransferase subunits of acyl-CoA carboxylases, were found in AccB. An accA disruption mutant showed a reduced growth rate and reduced acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity compared with the wild-type strain. Western blot analysis indicated that the product of the accA gene was a biotinylated protein that was expressed during the exponential growth phase. Based on these results, we propose that this M. xanthus acetyl-CoA carboxylase consists of two subunits, which are encoded by the accB and accA genes, and occupies a position between prokaryotic and eukaryotic acetyl-CoA carboxylases in terms of evolution. (+info)An isoleucine/leucine residue in the carboxyltransferase domain of acetyl-CoA carboxylase is critical for interaction with aryloxyphenoxypropionate and cyclohexanedione inhibitors. (7/77)
cDNA fragments encoding the carboxyltransferase domain of the multidomain plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) from herbicide-resistant maize and from herbicide-sensitive and herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum were cloned and sequenced. A Leu residue was found in ACCases from herbicide-resistant plants at a position occupied by Ile in all ACCases from sensitive grasses studied so far. Leu is present at the equivalent position in herbicide-resistant ACCases from other eukaryotes. Chimeric ACCases containing a 1000-aa fragment of two ACCase isozymes found in a herbicide-resistant maize were expressed in a yeast ACC1 null mutant to test herbicide sensitivity of the enzyme in vivo and in vitro. One of the enzymes was resistant/tolerant, and one was sensitive to haloxyfop and sethoxydim, rendering the gene-replacement yeast strains resistant and sensitive to these compounds, respectively. The sensitive enzyme has an Ile residue, and the resistant one has a Leu residue at the putative herbicide-binding site. Additionally, a single Ile to Leu replacement at an equivalent position changes the wheat plastid ACCase from sensitive to resistant. The effect of the opposite substitution, Leu to Ile, makes Toxoplasma gondii apicoplast ACCase resistant to haloxyfop and clodinafop. In this case, inhibition of the carboxyltransferase activity of ACCase (second half-reaction) of a large fragment of the Toxoplasma enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli was tested. The critical amino acid residue is located close to a highly conserved motif of the carboxyltransferase domain, which is probably a part of the enzyme active site, providing the basis for the activity of fop and dim herbicides. (+info)Motility of single one-headed kinesin molecules along microtubules. (8/77)
The motility of single one-headed kinesin molecules (K351 and K340), which were truncated fragments of Drosophila two-headed kinesin, has been tested using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. One-headed kinesin fragments moved continuously along the microtubules. The maximum distance traveled until the fragments dissociated from the microtubules for both K351 and K340 was approximately 600 nm. This value is considerably larger than the space resolution of the measurement system (SD approximately 30 nm). Although the movements of the fragments fluctuated in forward and backward directions, statistical analysis showed that the average movements for both K340 and K351 were toward the plus end of the microtubules, i.e., forward direction. When BDTC (a 1.3-S subunit of Propionibacterium shermanii transcarboxylase, which binds weakly to a microtubule), was fused to the tail (C-terminus) of K351, its movement was enhanced, smooth, and unidirectional, similar to that of the two-headed kinesin fragment, K411. However, the travel distance and velocity of K351BDTC molecules were approximately 3-fold smaller than that of K411. These observations suggest that a single kinesin head has basal motility, but coordination between the two heads is necessary for stabilizing the basal motility for the normal level of kinesin processivity. (+info)... carboxyl and carbamoyl transferases MeSH D08.811.913.555.275.200 --- aspartate carbamoyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.555. ... glutathione transferase MeSH D08.811.913.225.500.500 --- glutathione S-transferase pi MeSH D08.811.913.225.575 --- ... carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) MeSH D08.811.464.259.400 --- carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amide-n-donor ... carboxyl group acceptor) MeSH D08.811.913.696.630.025 --- acetate kinase MeSH D08.811.913.696.630.050 --- aspartate kinase MeSH ...
Orotate is covalently linked with phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) by orotate phosphoribysol-transferase yielding orotidine ... A carboxyl group is attached to AIR by N5-CAIR synthetase to form N5-Carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (N5-CAIR), which is ... ring begins with the conversion of Aspartate to N-Carbamoylaspartate by undergoing a condensation reaction with carbamoyl ...
... aspartate carbamoyltransferase catalyzes a condensation reaction between aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to form carbamoyl ... Next, a glycine is incorporated fueled by ATP hydrolysis and the carboxyl group forms an amine bond to the NH2 previously ... Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (PRPP transferase) catalyzes the net reaction yielding orotidine monophosphate (OMP): Orotate ... The synthesis of the pyrimidines CTP and UTP occurs in the cytoplasm and starts with the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from ...
N6-carbamoyl-methyladenine was described in 1975. 7-methylguanine was described in 1976. N4-methylcytosine in DNA was described ... These modifications are the addition of methyl (CH3)-, hydroxymethyl (CH2OH)-, formyl (CHO)- and carboxyl (COOH)- groups. These ... Greider CW, Blackburn EH (December 1985). "Identification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in Tetrahymena ... Modified Adenosine N6-carbamoyl-methyladenine N6-methyadenine Modified Guanine 7-Methylguanine Modified Cytosine N4- ...
The amino acids are attached to the hydroxyl (-OH) group of the adenosine via the carboxyl (-COOH) group. ... EC2 Transferases (list). *EC3 Hydrolases (list). *EC4 Lyases (list). *EC5 Isomerases (list) ...
"Carboxyl transferase domain Score = 893.4 E-value = FT 4.8e-266" FT CDS_pept 25738..26484 FT /transl_table=11 FT /locus_tag=" ... "PS00867 Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase subdomain FT signature 2." FT misc_feature complement(21874..22210) FT /note="Carbamoyl- ... carboxyl terminus Score = FT 135.1 E-value = 8.7e-38" FT CDS_pept 6438..8897 FT /transl_table=11 FT /gene="gyrA1" FT /locus_tag ... "Formyl transferase Score = 147.5 E-value = 1.7e-41" FT CDS_pept 93477..95105 FT /transl_table=11 FT /gene="purH" FT /locus_tag ...
Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases / metabolism, physiology*. Catalysis. Crystallography, X-Ray. Humans. Magnetic Resonance ... Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases; EC 2.1.3.1/Methylmalonyl-CoA carboxytransferase; EC 4.1.1.41/Methylmalonyl-CoA ...
... transferases explanation free. What is transferases? Meaning of transferases medical term. What does transferases mean? ... Looking for online definition of transferases in the Medical Dictionary? ... carboxyl- and carbamoyltransferases, 2.1.3; and amidinotransferases, 2.1.4); acyl residues (acyltransferases, 2.3); glycosyl ... transferases. Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia.. Related to transferases: Lyases, Ligases, Hydrolases, ...
... carboxyl and carbamoyl transferases MeSH D08.811.913.555.275.200 --- aspartate carbamoyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.555. ... glutathione transferase MeSH D08.811.913.225.500.500 --- glutathione S-transferase pi MeSH D08.811.913.225.575 --- ... carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) MeSH D08.811.464.259.400 --- carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amide-n-donor ... carboxyl group acceptor) MeSH D08.811.913.696.630.025 --- acetate kinase MeSH D08.811.913.696.630.050 --- aspartate kinase MeSH ...
Central pontine myelinolysis as a complication of partial ornithine carbamoyl transferase deficiency. Mattson, L. R., Lindor, N ...
102000007132 Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases Human genes 0 description 1 * 108010072957 Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases ... 108010031311 Intramolecular Transferases Proteins 0 description 1 * 102000005385 Intramolecular Transferases Human genes 0 ... 108010077385 Coenzyme A-Transferases Proteins 0 description 1 * 102000010079 Coenzyme A-Transferases Human genes 0 description ...
... and Carbamoyltransferases Pages in category EC 2.1.3 Additional recommended knowledge Dont let static charges disrupt ... Carboxyl and carbamoyl transferases. O. *Ornithine transcarbamylase. Category: EC 2.1. Topics A-Z ...
... domain with pyruvate carboxylation in the carboxyl transferase (CT) domain. Initial velocity plots of free Mg2+ vs pyruvate ... while phosphonoacetate inhibited both the phosphorylation of MgADP by carbamoyl phosphate (K-i = 0.026 mM) and pyruvate ... domain with pyruvate carboxylation in the carboxyl transferase (CT) domain. Initial velocity plots of free Mg2+ vs pyruvate ... domain with pyruvate carboxylation in the carboxyl transferase (CT) domain. Initial velocity plots of free Mg2+ vs pyruvate ...
... and related transferases 2.1.3 Carboxyl- and carbamoyltransferases 2.1.4 Amidinotransferases 2.2 Transferring aldehydic or ... aldolyase 4.2.1 Hydro-lyases 1. carbonic anhydrase 5. Isomerase 5.4 Intramolecular transferases 5.4.2 Transferring phosphoryl ... Transferases, Class 4 Lyases and Class 5, Isomerases, can also be of interest in particular situations. The following table has ... Transferases 2.7 Transferring phosphorus-containing groups 2.7.1 Phosphotransferases with CH--OH as acceptor 1. hexokinase 2. ...
Carboxyl (Acid) Proteinases use Aspartic Endopeptidases. Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases. Carboxylase Deficiency, Multiple ... Carbamyl-Phosphate Synthetase I Deficiency Disease use Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency Disease ...
Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases/chemistry*. *Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases/genetics. *Carboxyl and Carbamoyl ...
Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases * biotin carboxylase * Biotin * Oxaloacetic Acid 218 Citations (Scopus) ...
The SCOP classification for the Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, small subunit N-terminal domain superfamily including the ... Transferases. 1. 0. --. INHERITED FROM: Carboxyl- and carbamoyltransferases ,, Aspartate carbamoyltransferase. Enzyme ... Carboxyl- and carbamoyltransferases. 0.000002517. Highly Informative. Direct. Document: EC annotation of SCOP domains. Enzyme ... Transferases. 1. 0.301. --. INHERITED FROM: Aspartate carbamoyltransferase ,, Carboxy- and carbamoyltransferases. Enzyme ...
The SCOP classification for the Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, large subunit connection domain superfamily including the ... Transferases. 1. 0. --. INHERITED FROM: Carboxyl- and carbamoyltransferases ,, Aspartate carbamoyltransferase. Enzyme ... Carboxyl- and carbamoyltransferases. 0.00001407. Highly Informative. Direct. Document: EC annotation of SCOP domains. Enzyme ... Transferases. 1. 0.302. --. INHERITED FROM: Carboxy- and carbamoyltransferases ,, Aspartate carbamoyltransferase. Enzyme ...
... carboxyl transferase subunit alpha/carboxyl transferase subunit beta/biotin carboxylase. PFAM- phospholipid/glycerol ... PFAM- biotin/lipoyl attachment domain-containing protein; Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase L chain, ATP-binding; Carbamoyl- ... carboxyl transferase subunit alpha/carboxyl transferase subunit beta/biotin carboxylase (1517 aa) ... carboxyl transferase subunit alpha/carboxyl transferase subunit beta/biotin carboxylase ...
Carboxyl transferase (497 aa). Predicted Functional Partners:. Noca_4551. Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase subunit L (633 aa) ...
Orotate is covalently linked with phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) by orotate phosphoribysol-transferase yielding orotidine ... A carboxyl group is attached to AIR by N5-CAIR synthetase to form N5-Carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (N5-CAIR), which is ... ring begins with the conversion of Aspartate to N-Carbamoylaspartate by undergoing a condensation reaction with carbamoyl ...
As a specific example of this process, consider the reaction corresponding to carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (R_CBPS), EC 6.3. ... carboxyl transferase. A0RY61. 8.00E-169. 6.3.4.14. biotin carboxylase. Cthe_0949 ... We found two C. thermocellum genes annotated as "carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, small subunit" (Cthe_1867, Cthe_0950) and two ... a small glutamine-hydrolyzing chain and a large chain that synthesizes carbamoyl phosphate. ...
... acetyl-CoA carboxylase carboxyl transferase subunit alpha [EC:6.4.1.2 2.1.3.15] K01963 accD; acetyl-CoA carboxylase carboxyl ... 6.3.4.15 biotin---[biotin carboxyl-carrier protein] ligase 6.3.4.16 carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) ...
Carboxyl- and carbamoyltransferases. 1. Highly Informative. Inherited. Enzyme Commission (EC). In cyclic amides. 1. Highly ... Hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases. 0. 1.356. Informative. DIRECT. Enzyme Commission (EC). Carbamoyl-phosphate ... Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia). 0.0000000000225. 2.233. Highly Informative. DIRECT. Enzyme Commission (EC). Carboxyl- ... Hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases. 0. Informative. Direct. Enzyme Commission (EC). Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase ...
0157] Region 8: pfam01039 (Carboxyl_trans) Carboxyl transferase domain (of biotin-dependent carboxylases). [0158] The carboxyl ... 0151] Region 3: pfam02786 (CPSase_L_D2) Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase L chain, ATP binding domain; [0152] Region 4: pfam02785 ( ... 0128] As used herein, and "herbicide sensitivity region" (HSR) is an amino acid sequence present in the carboxyl transferase ... 0159] Region 8 comprises the carboxyl transferase domain of the ACCase enzyme of the invention. Herbicide sensitivity has been ...
Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases - toxicity , Long-Term Potentiation - drug effects , Neurons - physiology , Escherichia ... Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases - chemistry , Index Medicus ...
... while phosphonoacetate inhibited both the phosphorylation of MgADP by carbamoyl phosphate (Ki = 0.026 mM) and pyruvate ... domain with pyruvate carboxylation in the carboxyl transferase (CT) domain. Initial velocity plots of free Mg2+ vs pyruvate ... domain with pyruvate carboxylation in the carboxyl transferase (CT) domain. Initial velocity plots of free Mg2+ vs pyruvate ... while phosphonoacetate inhibited both the phosphorylation of MgADP by carbamoyl phosphate (Ki = 0.026 mM) and pyruvate ...
... carboxyl transferase, beta subunit (accD) SACOL1748 3 sdrC protein (sdrC) SACOL0608 2 Staphylococcus aureus sex pheromone (camS ... PUR9 18 6 Carbamoyl phosphate synthase large chain Q5HGM9,CARB 12 12 Probable thiol peroxidase Q5HF61,TPX 14 7 Chaperone ... DEF 0 2 Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase carboxyl transferase subunit alpha Q5HF74,ACCA 3 0 UDP N acetylmuramoylalanine -D ... PTPA 5 2 Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase carboxyl transferase subunit beta Q5HF73,ACCD 4 4 GTP sensing transcriptional ...
Benzoquinones , Metabolism , Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases , Genetics , Lactams, Macrocyclic , Metabolism , Mixed ...
- In Escherichia coli, ACC is comprised of three functional modules: the biotin carboxylase (BC), the biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) and the carboxyl transferase (CT). (embl-heidelberg.de)
- Arginine deiminase, ornithine carbamoyl transferase, and enolase have been identified from secreted proteins of Giardia intestinalis as immunodominant antigens [ 9 ]. (parasitol.kr)
- Acetyl phosphate was determined to be a suitable phosphoryl donor for the catalytic phosphorylation of MgADP, while phosphonoacetate inhibited both the phosphorylation of MgADP by carbamoyl phosphate (K-i = 0.026 mM) and pyruvate carboxylation (K-i = 2.5 mM). (edu.au)
- Pyrimidines are synthesized first from aspartate and carbamoyl-phosphate in the cytoplasm to the common precursor ring structure orotic acid, onto which a phosphorylated ribosyl unit is covalently linked. (meddic.jp)
- The synthesis of the pyrimidines CTP and UTP occurs in the cytoplasm and starts with the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from glutamine and CO 2 . (meddic.jp)
- Next, aspartate undergoes a condensation reaction with carbamoyl-phosphate to form orotic acid. (meddic.jp)
- In a subsequent cyclization reaction, the enzyme Aspartate carbamoyltransferase forms N-carbamoyl-aspartate which is converted into dihydroorotic acid by dihydroorotase. (meddic.jp)
- The enzyme takes the end methyl residue from the methionine side chain and adds it to the side chain carboxyl group of L-isoaspartate or D-aspartate to create a methyl ester. (xfam.org)
- During catalysis, carboxybiotin is translocated to the carboxyltransferase domain where the carboxyl group is transferred to the acceptor substrate, pyruvate. (embl-heidelberg.de)
- Q: Where do the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups point in bile salts? (caribbeanmedstudent.com)
- Q: How many carboxyl and how many hydroxyl groups are in a bile salt? (caribbeanmedstudent.com)
- The amino acids are attached to the hydroxyl (-OH) group of the adenosine via the carboxyl (-COOH) group. (wikipedia.org)
- Fluoride induced increase in the activities of Alanine and Aspartate transferases were reported (Miszta and Dabrowski, 1986), in Wistan rats. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein said at least one other pharmaceutically active ingredient is chosen from the group consisting of: levodopa, carbidopa-levodopa, dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors, catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and mixture thereof. (sumobrain.com)
- The current steady-state kinetic investigation indicates that both acetyl-CoA and Mg2+ assist in coupling the MgATP-dependent carboxylation of biotin in the biotin carboxylase (BC) domain with pyruvate carboxylation in the carboxyl transferase (CT) domain. (edu.au)
- The current steady-state kinetic investigation indicates that both acetyl-CoA and Mg 2+ assist in coupling the MgATP-dependent carboxylation of biotin in the biotin carboxylase (BC) domain with pyruvate carboxylation in the carboxyl transferase (CT) domain. (marquette.edu)
- PIMT acts to transfer methyl groups from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the alpha side chain carboxyl groups of damaged L-isoaspartyl and D-aspartyl amino acids. (xfam.org)
- Many studies on the carboxyltransferase domain of PC have demonstrated an enhanced oxaloacetate decarboxylation activity in the presence of oxamate and it has been shown that oxamate accepts a carboxyl group from carboxybiotin during oxaloacetate decarboxylation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
- PRPP transferase catalyzes both the ribosylation and decarboxylation reactions, forming UMP from orotic acid in the presence of PRPP. (meddic.jp)
- Microsomal and alpha-class glutathione transferases were also induced transcriptionally. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Zeta, a novel class of glutathione transferases in a range of species from plants to humans. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The surface of the micro/nanomaterial comprises a carboxyl group or poten. (sumobrain.com)
- Liu, Crystallographic and Mechanistic Studies of Class Mu Glutathione S- Transferases , in Proceedings of the International Meeting on Structure and Function of Glutathione Transferases , K. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Glutathione transferases structure and catalytic activity. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Glutathione s transferase and hydrolytic activity in a tetrachlorvinphos-resistant strain of housefly and their influence on resistance. (thefreedictionary.com)