Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Oximetry
The determination of oxygen-hemoglobin saturation of blood either by withdrawing a sample and passing it through a classical photoelectric oximeter or by electrodes attached to some translucent part of the body like finger, earlobe, or skin fold. It includes non-invasive oxygen monitoring by pulse oximetry.
Methylene Chloride
Hemoglobins
Smoke Inhalation Injury
Methemoglobinemia
The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Oxyhemoglobins
Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous
The noninvasive measurement or determination of the partial pressure (tension) of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide locally in the capillaries of a tissue by the application to the skin of a special set of electrodes. These electrodes contain photoelectric sensors capable of picking up the specific wavelengths of radiation emitted by oxygenated versus reduced hemoglobin.
Chromatography, Gas
Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.
Spectrophotometry
Jaundice, Neonatal
Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.
Jaundice
Jaundice, Obstructive
Kernicterus
A term used pathologically to describe BILIRUBIN staining of the BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM and clinically to describe a syndrome associated with HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Clinical features include athetosis, MUSCLE SPASTICITY or hypotonia, impaired vertical gaze, and DEAFNESS. Nonconjugated bilirubin enters the brain and acts as a neurotoxin, often in association with conditions that impair the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (e.g., SEPSIS). This condition occurs primarily in neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN), but may rarely occur in adults. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p613)
Phototherapy
Role of nitric oxide-derived oxidants in vascular injury from carbon monoxide in the rat. (1/461)
Studies were conducted with rats to investigate whether exposure to CO at concentrations frequently found in the environment caused nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vessel wall changes. Exposure to CO at concentrations of 50 parts per million or higher for 1 h increased the concentration of nitrotyrosine in the aorta. Immunologically reactive nitrotyrosine was localized in a discrete fashion along the endothelial lining, and this was inhibited by pretreatment with the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The CO-induced elevations of aortic nitrotyrosine were not altered by neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, and CO caused no change in the concentration of endothelial NOS. Consequences from NO-derived stress on the vasculature included an enhanced transcapillary efflux of albumin within the first 3 h after CO exposure and leukocyte sequestration that became apparent 18 h after CO exposure. Oxidized plasma low-density lipoprotein was found immediately after CO exposure, but this was not inhibited by L-NAME pretreatment. We conclude that exposure to relatively low CO concentrations can alter vascular status by several mechanisms and that many changes are linked to NO-derived oxidants. (+info)High predictive value of red cell volume measurement using carboxy-haemoglobin in a rabbit model of haemorrhage. (2/461)
We have studied the accuracy of blood volume measurements using carbon monoxide (CO)-labelled haemoglobin (COHb) injection and dilution (CO method) by comparing changes in red cell volume (RCV) measured using the CO method and 51Cr-labelled erythrocyte dilution (51Cr method) in a haemorrhage and infusion model in rabbits. RCV was measured repeatedly using the CO method at four different blood volume stages (stages I-IV). At stages I and IV, RCV was measured simultaneously using the 51Cr method. In comparing the sum of the circulating RCV and extracted RCV (SUM RCV) using the CO method, the values were almost equal and there were no significant differences between the values at the four stages. In comparing circulating RCV measured using the CO method and the 51Cr method, mean difference between the two methods was 0.80 (SD 0.76) ml kg-1 or 4.7 (4.6)%, and a positive correlation was observed (r = 0.91). We conclude that the CO method can be used to measure blood volume during perioperative periods in infants because it avoids use of a radioactive tracer, is simple and repeated measurements are possible. (+info)A physiological model for predicting carboxyhemoglobin formation from exposure to carbon monoxide in rats. (3/461)
A time-dependent simulation model, based on the Coburn-Forster-Kane equation, was written in Advanced Continuous Simulation Language to predict carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) formation and dissociation in F-344 rats during and after exposure to 500 parts/million CO for 1 h. Blood-gas analysis and CO-oximetry were performed on samples collected during exposure and off-gassing of CO. Volume displacement plethysmography was used to measure minute ventilation (VE) during exposure. CO diffusing capacity in the lung (DLCO) was also measured. Other model parameters measured in the animals included blood pH, total blood volume, and Hb concentration. Comparisons between model predictions using values for VE, DLCO, and the Haldane coefficient cited in the literature and predictions using measured VE, DLCO, and calculated Haldane coefficient for individual animals were made. General model predictions using values for model parameters derived from the literature agreed with published HbCO values by a factor of 0.987 but failed to simulate experimental data. On average, the general model overpredicted measured HbCO level by nearly 9%. A specific model using the means of measured variables predicted HbCO concentration within a factor of 0.993. When experimentally observed parameter fluctuations were included, the specific model predictions reflected experimental effects on HbCO formation. (+info)Neonatal bilirubin production, reflected by carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations, in Down's syndrome. (4/461)
AIM: To determine whether increased bilirubin production, reflected by blood carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) values, is responsible for hyperbilirubinaemia in cases of Down's syndrome with no obvious cause for excessive jaundice. METHODS: Blood was sampled on the third day of life for COHb, total haemoglobin (tHb), and serum total bilirubin, from 19 consecutively born neonates with Down's syndrome (a subset of 34 term babies), who had developed hyperbilirubinaemia (serum bilirubin >/= 256 micromol), and from 32 term controls. COHb, measured by gas chromatography, was corrected for inspired CO (COHbc) and expressed as a percentage of tHb. RESULTS: Significantly more of the Down's syndrome subset developed hyperbilirubinaemia than the controls (10/19 (52%) vs 7/32 (22%), relative risk 2.4, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.10 to 5.26). Third day serum bilirubin values (mean (SD)) were higher in the Down's syndrome neonates than in controls (214 +- 63 micromol/l vs 172 +- 54 micromol/l, respectively, p=0.015). Mean (SD) COHbc values were significantly higher in the Down's syndrome neonates than in controls (0.92 +- 0. 24% vs 0.63 +- 0.17%; p<0.0001). However, Down's syndrome neonates who became hyperbilirubinaemic had similar COHbc values to those who did not (0.87 +- 0.26% and 0.95 +- 0.23%, respectively). These values contrast with those of the controls, in whom a significant increase in COHbc was associated with hyperbilirubinaemia (0.74 +- 0. 15% vs 0.60 +- 0.16%, respectively; p<0.05). tHb values were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Down's syndrome neonates had a greater risk of hyperbilirubinaemia, and higher COHbc values, than controls. However, excessive bilirubin production could not be exclusively responsible for the hyperbilirubinaemia. By inference, decreased bilirubin elimination probably plays a greater part in its pathogenesis than in controls. Down's syndrome neonates may have abnormal erythropoiesis, leading to increased haem turnover. (+info)Validation of the end-expired method for measuring carboxyhaemoglobin levels for the use in occupational and environmental exposure studies. (5/461)
Carbon monoxide is one of the most common toxins encountered in work settings, the gas being emitted in situations where there is incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances. Its acute and chronic health effects have been well-documented. While identification of dangerous situations and evaluation of control measures are conducted by environmental monitoring, the body burden due to inhalation of carbon monoxide is measured by an individual's blood carboxyhaemoglobin level. Carboxyhaemoglobin level can be measured directly from a blood sample or, indirectly, by measuring the end-expired carbon monoxide level and using the charts provided to read the corresponding carboxyhaemoglobin level. As the end-expired method is not an intervention method, and is therefore easy to conduct, it is being used widely in epidemiological studies and it could also be used for individual measurements. This study presents a better statistical method for validating the end-expired method than the correlation method used and described in previous studies. (+info)Methylene chloride poisoning in a cabinet worker. (6/461)
More than a million workers are at risk for methylene chloride exposure. Aerosol sprays and paint stripping may also cause significant nonoccupational exposures. After methylene chloride inhalation, significant amounts of carbon monoxide are formed in vivo as a metabolic by-product. Poisoning predominantly affects the central nervous system and results from both carboxyhemoglobin formation and direct solvent-related narcosis. In this report, we describe a case of methylene chloride intoxication probably complicated by exogenous carbon monoxide exposure. The worker's presentation of intermittent headaches was consistent with both methylene chloride intoxication and carbon monoxide poisoning. The exposures and symptoms were corroborated by elevated carboxyhemoglobin saturations and a workplace inspection that documented significant exposures to both methylene chloride and carbon monoxide. When both carbon monoxide and methylene chloride are inhaled, additional carboxyhemoglobin formation is expected. Preventive efforts should include education, air monitoring, and periodic carboxyhemoglobin determinations. Methylene chloride should never be used in enclosed or poorly ventilated areas because of the well-documented dangers of loss of consciousness and death. (+info)Effects of exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide on exercise performance and myocardial perfusion in young healthy men. (7/461)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), as commonly measured in atmospheric urban air pollution and certain occupational environments, on exercise performance and myocardial perfusion in young healthy men, and the possible need for tighter restrictions on ambient concentrations of CO. METHODS: 15 young, healthy non-smoking men, 18-35 years old, were exposed blindly and randomly to air or to a mixture of CO and air, followed by an exercise treadmill test with thallium heart scintigraphy. Blood was drawn for determination of carboxyhaemoglobin before and at the end of the exposure, and for lactic and pyruvic acid at the beginning and the end of the exercise test. The main outcome measures include the duration of the exercise test, the maximal effort expressed in metabolic equivalent units (METs), the mean plasma lactic to pyruvic acid ratio at the end of the ergometry, ECG changes in the exercise test, and perfusion deficits in thallium heart scintigraphy. RESULTS: At the end of exposure to CO, the mean (SD) blood carboxyhaemoglobin concentration rose from 0.59% (0.08%) to 5.12% (0.65%) (p < 0.0001). At the end of the exercise period, the mean (SD) plasma lactate/pyruvate ratio, which reflects the level of anaerobic metabolism (69.9 (5.9) after air and 75.9 (7.0) after CO), was not significantly different between the two experimental groups. Exercise induced electrocardiographic changes were noted in only one subject after exposure to CO. No arrhythmias were detected in any of the subjects. Significant differences were found in the mean duration of the exercise test (p = 0.0012) and the METs (p = 0.0001). The mean adjusted difference of exercise duration between exposure to air and CO was 1.52 minutes 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.73 to 2.32 minutes. The mean adjusted difference of METs between exposure to air and CO was 2.04 95% CI 1.33 to 2.76. The models for duration of exercise and METs showed no significant sequence and period effects. Thallium myocardial perfusion imaging disclosed normal perfusion in all regions of the heart, with no significant differences in perfusion between the two exercise tests (after air or CO). CONCLUSION: Acute exposure to a low concentration of CO which produces blood carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations of 4%-6% significantly decreases exercise performance in young healthy men. No ischaemic electrocardiographic changes or disturbances in myocardial perfusion were found by graded exercise with thallium scintigraphy. Our findings suggest that pollution of atmospheric air by CO at concentrations which are commonly found in urban and industrial environments may exert an adverse effect on skeletal muscles, manifesting as decreased exercise performance. (+info)UV resonance raman spectra of ligand binding intermediates of sol-gel encapsulated hemoglobin. (8/461)
We report for the first time specific conformational changes for a homogeneous population of ligand-bound adult deoxy human hemoglobin A (HbA) generated by introducing CO into a sample of deoxy-HbA with the effector, inositol hexaphosphate, encapsulated in a porous sol-gel. The preparation of ligand-bound deoxy-HbA results from the speed of ligand diffusion relative to globin conformational dynamics within the sol-gel (1). The ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) difference spectra obtained reveal that E helix motion is initiated upon ligand binding, as signaled by the appearance of an alpha14beta15 Trp W3 band difference at 1559 cm(-1). The subsequent appearance of Tyr (Y8a and Y9a) and W3 (1549 cm(-1)) UVRR difference bands suggest conformational shifts for the penultimate Tyralpha140 on the F helix, the "switch" region Tyralpha42, and the "hinge" region Trpbeta37. The UVRR results expose a sequence of conformational steps leading up to the ligation-induced T to R quaternary structure transition as opposed to a single, concerted switch. More generally, this report demonstrates that sol-gel encapsulation of proteins can be used to study a sequence of specific conformational events triggered by substrate binding because the traditional limitation of substrate diffusion times is overcome. (+info)
Carboxyhemoglobin and Methemoglobin as Markers of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications
Rapid estimation of carboxyhemoglobin by breath sampling in an emergency setting<...
Carboxyhaemoglobin levels in water-pipe and cigarette smokers
Measurement of Carboxyhemoglobin by Gas Chromatography as an Index of Hemolysis - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health - Carbon monoxide in foundry air.
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Toxicity of Carbon Monoxide-Hydrogen Cyanide Gas Mixtures: Expose Concentration, Time-to-Incapacitation, Carboxyhemoglobin, and...
Spectrophotometric measurement of carboxyhemoglobin and methem...
The effect of feeding frequency and dose rate of nitrate supplements on blood haemoglobin fractions in Bos indicus cattle fed...
Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy on Carbon monoxide
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A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF DIFFUSION CONSTANTS AND THE CALCULATION OF THE RADIUS AND WEIGHT OF THE HEMOGLOBIN MOLECULE |...
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Hemoglobin
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Elevated carboxyhemoglobin in a marine mammal, the northern elephant seal | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego
Dozen construction workers hospitalized after possible carbon monoxide exposure
Protective effect of carbon monoxide inhalation for cold-preserved small intestinal grafts<...
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English
Carboxyhemoglobin
... (carboxyhaemoglobin BrE) (symbol COHb or HbCO) is a stable complex of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin (Hb) ... In modern times, carboxyhemoglobin data assist physicians in making a poisoning diagnosis. However, carboxyhemoglobin levels do ... Carboxyhemoglobin is often mistaken for the compound formed by the combination of carbon dioxide (carboxyl) and hemoglobin, ... Carboxyhemoglobin terminology emerged when carbon monoxide was known by its ancient name carbonic oxide and evolved through ...
Methemoglobin
Blue baby syndrome Carboxyhemoglobin Methemoglobinemia Bando, S.; Takano, T.; Yubisui, T.; Shirabe, K.; Takeshita, M.; Nakagawa ...
Carbon monoxide poisoning
A CO-oximeter can be used to determine carboxyhemoglobin levels. Pulse CO-oximeters estimate carboxyhemoglobin with a non- ... The ratio of carboxyhemoglobin to hemoglobin molecules in an average person may be up to 5%, although cigarette smokers who ... Carboxyhemoglobin levels have been shown to have a strong correlation with breath CO concentration. However, many of these ... This results following a recurrence of increased carboxyhemoglobin levels; this effect may be due to a late release of carbon ...
CO-oximeter
More recently, some 'pulse' or more precisely 'peripheral' oximeters have made it possible to estimate carboxyhemoglobin with ... Moran RF, Implications of Fetal Hemoglobin : Measurement of oxygen saturation, fractional oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin and ... as well as the dyshemoglobins such as carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and methemoglobin (MetHb). The use of 'CO' rather than 'Co' or ' ... "Spectrophotometric measurement of carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin in blood". Clinical Chemistry. 25 (8): 1388-93. doi: ...
Iron
Hemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide is known as carboxyhemoglobin. This effect also plays a minor role in the toxicity of ... Gregory B. Vásquez; Xinhua Ji; Clara Fronticelli; Gary L. Gilliland (1998). "Human Carboxyhemoglobin at 2.2 Å Resolution: ...
Iron in biology
Hemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide is known as carboxyhemoglobin. This effect also plays a minor role in the toxicity of ... Gregory B. Vásquez; Xinhua Ji; Clara Fronticelli; Gary L. Gilliland (1998). "Human Carboxyhemoglobin at 2.2 Å Resolution: ...
Pulse oximetry
UK 2320566 Maisel WH, Lewis RJ (October 2010). "Noninvasive measurement of carboxyhemoglobin: how accurate is accurate enough ... By using additional wavelengths, it provides clinicians a way to measure the dyshemoglobins, carboxyhemoglobin, and ...
Breath carbon monoxide
This is known as "Fetal carboxyhaemoglobin" (%FCOHb). This level has also been found to be on average 1.8 times higher in the ... Maisel, William; Roger J. Lewis (2010). "apple Measurement of Carboxyhemoglobin: How Accurate is Accurate Enough?". Annals of ... carbon monoxide level has been shown to have a close relationship with the level of CO in the blood known as carboxyhaemoglobin ...
Respiratory tract infection
Zavorsky GS (March 2013). "The rise in carboxyhemoglobin from repeated pulmonary diffusing capacity tests". Respiratory ...
Carbon monoxide
Concentrations as low as 667 ppm may cause up to 50% of the body's hemoglobin to convert to carboxyhemoglobin. A level of 50% ... Tikuisis, P; Kane, DM; McLellan, TM; Buick, F; Fairburn, SM (1992). "Rate of formation of carboxyhemoglobin in exercising ... It readily combines with hemoglobin to produce carboxyhemoglobin which potentially affects gas exchange; therefore exposure can ... carboxyhemoglobin may result in seizure, coma, and fatality. In the United States, the OSHA limits long-term workplace exposure ...
Exhaust gas
It combines with hemoglobin to produce carboxyhemoglobin, which blocks the transport of oxygen. At concentrations above 1000ppm ...
Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide
Expected DLCO is also affected by the amount of hemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, age and sex. The correction for hemoglobin is ...
Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
The reaction HbO2 + CO → HbCO + O2 almost irreversibly displaces the oxygen molecules forming carboxyhemoglobin; the binding of ... a person can suffer from severe tissue hypoxia while maintaining a normal pO2 because carboxyhemoglobin does not carry oxygen ...
Hypoxia (medical)
Wald, NJ; Idle, M; Boreham, J; Bailey, A (May 1981). "Carbon monoxide in breath in relation to smoking and carboxyhaemoglobin ...
Gasotransmitter
Mammals maintain a baseline carboxyhemoglobin level even if they do not breathe any CO fumes. In mammals, CO is produced ...
Blood
... in carbon monoxide poisoning is bright red, because carbon monoxide causes the formation of carboxyhemoglobin. In cyanide ... because carbon monoxide irreversibly binds to hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, so that less hemoglobin is free to bind ...
Kleihauer-Betke test
... or carboxyhemoglobin. Methods developed by Schneider and Ludwig and Bartsch' are recommended. For determination of the ...
Arterial blood gas test
... carboxyhemoglobin, and methemoglobin. ABG testing is mainly used in pulmonology and critical-care medicine to determine gas ...
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin in the blood, forming carboxyhemoglobin, reducing the blood's ability to transport oxygen ...
List of accidents and incidents involving the DC-3 since 2000
Both crew members were found to have high levels of carboxyhaemoglobin in their blood. The flight had departed from Points ...
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules
The average carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) level in a non-smoker is under 3% CO-Hb (whereas a smoker may reach levels near 10% CO-Hb ... lyated bovine carboxyhemoglobin and maleimide PEG conjugated human carboxyhemoglobin. Porphyrin structures such as heme, hemin ... Carboxyhemoglobin can be infused to deliver CO. The most common approaches are based on polyethylene glycol (PEG)- ... Methylene chloride was the first organic CORM orally administered based on previous reports of carboxyhemoglobin formation via ...
Bohr effect
At the same time, CO is structurally similar enough to O2 to cause carboxyhemoglobin to favor the R state, raising the oxygen ... This toxicity is reduced slightly by an increase in the strength of the Bohr effect in the presence of carboxyhemoglobin. This ... This molecule serves as a competitive inhibitor for oxygen, and binds to haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin. Haemoglobin's ... increase is ultimately due to differences in interactions between heme groups in carboxyhemoglobin relative to oxygenated ...
Grinker myelinopathy
... while the standard oxygen treatment normalizes carboxyhemoglobin levels. Another preventative measure one can take is to be on ...
Dupont Plaza Hotel arson
"Analysis Of Carboxyhemoglobin And Cyanide In Blood From Victims Of The Dupont Plaza Hotel Fire In Puerto Rico" (PDF). Fire.nist ...
Metal carbonyl
Vásquez, G. B.; Ji, X.; Fronticelli, C.; Gilliland, G. L. (1998). "Human Carboxyhemoglobin at 2.2 Å Resolution: Structure and ... in part because of their ability to carbonylate hemoglobin to give carboxyhemoglobin, which prevents the binding of oxygen. The ...
Heme oxygenase
The average carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) level in a non-smoker is between 0.2% and 0.85% CO-Hb (whereas a smoker may have between ... Felix Hoppe-Seyler developed the first qualitative carboxyhemoglobin test, and Josef von Fodor developed the first quantitative ... carboxyhemoglobin etymology). Hemoglobin was first discovered in the 1840s by Friedrich Ludwig Hünefeld. Heme (as hemin ... analytical test for carboxyhemoglobin. The first reported detection of naturally occurring CO in human blood occurred in 1923 ...
Tobacco smoking
Turner, JA; Sillett, RW; McNicol, MW (1977). "Effect of cigar smoking on carboxyhemoglobin and plasma nicotine concentrations ...
Red blood cell
Hemoglobin also has a very high affinity for carbon monoxide, forming carboxyhemoglobin which is a very bright red in color. ...
Ahmad Salahuddin
Allosteric effectors usually bind to both deoxy-Hb and carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO), albeit at different sites, leading to a ...
Ernest Beutler
... carboxyhemoglobin levels, and fetal hemoglobin levels. The latter approach depended on administration of estrogen, progesterone ...
Epidemiologic Notes and Reports
Elevated Intraoperative Blood Carboxyhemoglobin Levels
in Surgical Patients -- Georgia,...
Carboxyhemoglobin Blood Test: Reasons, Procedure & Results
Reasons Why a Carboxyhemoglobin Blood Test is Conducted A carboxyhemoglobin blood test may be done for several reasons. These ... What is Carboxyhaemoglobin? Carboxyhemoglobin is a complex compound formed when carbon monoxide reacts with the hemoglobin in ... The carboxyhemoglobin test is performed on a blood sample collected from a vein or an artery. The blood is examined to find out ... Carboxyhemoglobin blood is formed when a person inhales large quantities of carbon monoxide. When carbon monoxide is inhaled in ...
Carboxyhaemoglobin levels and inhaling habits in cigarette smokers. | Thorax
Considerations of the physiological variables that determine the blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration in man
Smoke Inhalation Injury Workup: Approach Considerations, Pulse Oximetry and CO-oximetry, Arterial Blood Gases
Carboxyhemoglobin Level. Carboxyhemoglobin levels in the blood and the corresponding clinical manifestations are as follows [1 ... Blood carboxyhemoglobin levels may underestimate the degree of CO intoxication because of oxygen administered to the patient ... CO-oximeters use 4 wavelengths of light and are capable of detecting carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin as well as hemoglobin ... carboxyhemoglobin levels of 10% or greater, and carbonaceous sputum. In another study, serial bronchoscopy was twice as ...
Predictive role of arterial carboxyhemoglobin concentrations in ovine burn and smoke inhalation-induced lung injury<...
Arterial carboxyhemoglobin has been proposed as an indicator of the severity of inhalation injury; however, the interrelation ... Carboxyhemoglobin was measured immediately after injury and correlated to clinical parameters of pulmonary function as well as ... Arterial carboxyhemoglobin in sheep with combined burn and inhalation injury are correlated with the degree of pulmonary ... Arterial carboxyhemoglobin has been proposed as an indicator of the severity of inhalation injury; however, the interrelation ...
carboxyhemoglobin fraction | Taber's Medical Dictionary
carboxyhemoglobin fraction answers are found in the Tabers Medical Dictionary powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for ... carboxyhemoglobin fraction is a topic covered in the Tabers Medical Dictionary. To view the entire topic, please log in or ... "Carboxyhemoglobin Fraction." Tabers Medical Dictionary, 24th ed., F.A. Davis Company, 2021. Nursing Central Redesign, nursing. ... unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/746036/all/carboxyhemoglobin_fraction. Carboxyhemoglobin fraction. In ...
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Carboxyhaemoglobin (Carbon Monoxide)**
Hemoglobin derivatives: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
The carboxyhemoglobin test is used to diagnose carbon monoxide poisoning. It is also used to detect changes in hemoglobin that ... Carboxyhemoglobin: An abnormal form of hemoglobin that has attached to carbon monoxide instead of oxygen or carbon dioxide. ... Carboxyhemoglobin -- less than 1.5% (but may be as high as 9% in smokers) ...
Toxicity of Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen Cyanide Gas Mixtures: Exposure Concentration, Time to Incapacitation, Carboxyhemoglobin...
Variations of Time-to-Incapacitation and Carboxyhemoglobin Values in Rats Exposed to Two Carbon Monoxide Concentrations Cite ... Title : Variations of Time-to-Incapacitation and Carboxyhemoglobin Values in Rats Exposed to Two Carbon Monoxide Concentrations ... Toxicity of Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen Cyanide Gas Mixtures: Exposure Concentration, Time to Incapacitation, Carboxyhemoglobin ... Toxicity of Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen Cyanide Gas Mixtures: Exposure Concentration, Time to Incapacitation, Carboxyhemoglobin ...
Second-hand smoking and carboxyhemoglobin levels in children: A prospective observational study<...
Second-hand smoking and carboxyhemoglobin levels in children : A prospective observational study. / Yee, Branden E.; Ahmed, ... Second-hand smoking and carboxyhemoglobin levels in children: A prospective observational study. Paediatric anaesthesia. 2010 ... Second-hand smoking and carboxyhemoglobin levels in children : A prospective observational study. In: Paediatric anaesthesia. ... Aim: To establish baseline noninvasive carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in children and determine the influence of exposure to ...
Research Rounds - Volume 4, Issue 7, January 2019 | NIOSH | CDC
Carbon monoxide poisoning is defined as carboxyhemoglobin blood levels of more than 5% for nonsmokers and more than 10% for ... Most of the patients had carboxyhemoglobin blood levels higher than the cutoff for carbon monoxide poisoning-in some cases, ... When carbon monoxide is inhaled, a substance called carboxyhemoglobin forms in the blood. This substance prevents the blood ...
Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity: Clinical Assessment - Laboratory Tests | Environmental Medicine | ATSDR
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carbomonoxyhemoglobin - Wiktionary
Hematology And Biochemistry, Version 2 (1976-1980)
TAPE POSITION 420 Carboxyhemoglobin Imputation The carboxyhemoglobin imputation codes identifies those cases where an absent or ... Those persons not in the carboxyhemoglobin subsample have 9999 in each of these two tape locations. Carboxyhemoglobin and ... TAPE POSITONS 412-415, 416-419 Carboxyhemoglobin Subsample The NHANES II carboxyhemoglobin subsample consisted of one-half of ... Whenever a carboxyhemoglobin value was imputed, the corresponding methemoglobin value (pos. 416-419) was also imputed. A 0 in ...
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Neonatal Jaundice: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
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Current version of study NCT02649556 on ClinicalTrials.gov
Determination of carboxyhemoglobin half-life in patients with carbon monoxide toxicity treated with high flow nasal cannula...
Determination of carboxyhemoglobin half-life in patients with carbon monoxide toxicity treated with high flow nasal cannula ... The mean baseline COHb level of the patients was 22.5% (SD 8%). The mean half-life of carboxyhemoglobin was determined as 36.8 ... The aim of this study is to determine the half-life of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in adult patients admitted to the emergency ...
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carbon monoxide poisoning
Carboxyhemoglobin has a characteristic cherry-red colour. In spite of asphyxiation, cyanosis (turning blue) does not occur; the ... carboxyhemoglobin, that decreases the amount of uncombined hemoglobin available for oxygen transport. ... carboxyhemoglobin, that decreases the amount of uncombined hemoglobin available for oxygen transport. Carboxyhemoglobin has a ...
COHb12
- In October 1990, three hospitals, one each in Georgia, Illinois, and North Carolina, reported 26 episodes of elevated blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels (normal: less than 3% in a nonsmoker, less than 10% in a smoker) during surgery in patients with no known carbon monoxide (CO) exposure. (cdc.gov)
- In 520 men who currently smoked only cigarettes, carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels were measured as a method of estimating the extent to which cigarette smoke was inhaled and the results were compared with the smokers' own assessment of their inhaling habits. (bmj.com)
- Exposures to CO-HCN mixtures have demonstrated that these gases have additive effects (producing shorter times to incapacitation), but the resulting concentrations of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and blood cyanide (CN-) at incapacitation are not well defined. (bts.gov)
- Aim: To establish baseline noninvasive carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in children and determine the influence of exposure to environmental sources of carbon monoxide (CO), especially environmental tobacco smoke, on such levels. (elsevier.com)
- The aim of this study is to determine the half-life of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in adult patients admitted to the emergency department with acute carbon monoxide poisoning receiving high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen. (kocaeli.edu.tr)
- Also, carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in each forester were estimated by measuring CO in exhaled breath. (cdc.gov)
- five had elevated carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels. (cdc.gov)
- In general, a carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level of 10-20% will only cause slight headaches [NIOSH 1972] and a COHb of 11-13% will have no effect on hand and foot reaction time, hand steadiness, or coordination [Stewart and Peterson 1970]. (haz-map.com)
- While his symptoms were consistent with heat exhaustion, emergency department staff also tested a sample of Jim's blood for carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), a marker of carbon monoxide exposure, after learning that he had been on a boat for most of the day. (cdc.gov)
- In emergency department patients with suspected acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, can noninvasive carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) measurement be used to accurately diagnose CO toxicity? (acep.org)
- A person with a carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level of ≥ 5.0% as measured by a blood sample or pulse CO-oximetry. (cdc.gov)
- P1) A carboxyhemoglobin level, as measured by a blood sample, that is 9% ≤ COHb ≤ 10% in smokers or for those whom smoking status is unknown. (cdc.gov)
Methemoglobin4
- CO-oximeters use 4 wavelengths of light and are capable of detecting carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin as well as hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin. (medscape.com)
- total hemoglobin (SpHb®) , oxygen content (SpOC™), carboxyhemoglobin (SpCO®) , methemoglobin (SpMet®) , Pleth Variability Index (PVI®) , and acoustic respiration rate (RRa™) , in addition to the Measure-through Motion and Low Perfusion performance of Masimo SET® oxyhemoglobin (SpO2), perfusion index (PI), and pulse rate (PR). (prnewswire.com)
- Carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin levels as prognostic markers in acute pulmonary embolism. (viamedica.pl)
- Co-oximetry allows the staff to measure blood for methemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin levels when acetominophen or carbon monoxide poisonings are suspected. (mspca.org)
Hemoglobin7
- Carboxyhemoglobin is a complex compound formed when carbon monoxide reacts with the hemoglobin in the blood cells. (medicalhealthtests.com)
- Readings are falsely elevated by CO-bound hemoglobin (carboxyhemoglobin). (medscape.com)
- Carboxyhemoglobin: An abnormal form of hemoglobin that has attached to carbon monoxide instead of oxygen or carbon dioxide. (medlineplus.gov)
- Hemoglobin , the oxygen -carrying substance in blood , has a much greater affinity for carbon monoxide than it has for oxygen, and together they form a stable compound , carboxyhemoglobin, that decreases the amount of uncombined hemoglobin available for oxygen transport. (britannica.com)
- Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin at the same site as and preferentially to oxygen, forming carboxyhemoglobin. (thehome-inspection.com)
- When CO is inhaled, it combines with the oxygen carrying hemoglobin of the blood to form carboxyhemoglobin. (feltonfire.com)
- Carboxyhemoglobin is a substance made in your blood when hemoglobin, a part of red blood cells, binds with carbon monoxide instead of oxygen. (cdc.gov)
Half-life of carboxyhemoglobin3
- The mean half-life of carboxyhemoglobin was determined as 36.8 minutes (SD 9.26 min) with high flow nasal cannula oxygen. (kocaeli.edu.tr)
- Compounding the effects of the exposure is the long half-life of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood. (feltonfire.com)
- The half-life of carboxyhemoglobin is approximately 5 hours. (feltonfire.com)
Concentrations1
- Mean carboxyhemoglobin concentrations increased significantly over the work shift, and the increases were correlated with measured personal CO exposures. (cdc.gov)
Arterial2
- however, the interrelation between arterial carboxyhemoglobin and histological alterations has not yet been investigated. (utmb.edu)
- Arterial carboxyhemoglobin in sheep with combined burn and inhalation injury are correlated with the degree of pulmonary failure and edema formation, but not with certain histological alterations including airway obstruction scores. (utmb.edu)
Carbon monoxide exposure1
- Determinations of personal carbon monoxide exposure and blood carboxyhemoglobin levels in Korea. (elsevier.com)
Blood12
- Carboxyhemoglobin blood is formed when a person inhales large quantities of carbon monoxide. (medicalhealthtests.com)
- However, if you have had dizzy spells and other people around you are also experiencing similar symptoms, blood carboxyhemoglobin toxicity may not be ruled out. (medicalhealthtests.com)
- A carboxyhemoglobin blood test may be done for several reasons. (medicalhealthtests.com)
- The carboxyhemoglobin test is performed on a blood sample collected from a vein or an artery. (medicalhealthtests.com)
- The blood is examined to find out traces of carboxyhemoglobin in it. (medicalhealthtests.com)
- Blood carboxyhemoglobin levels may underestimate the degree of CO intoxication because of oxygen administered to the patient before arrival to the hospital. (medscape.com)
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Blood carboxyhaemoglobin: a better index of smoking. (who.int)
- Medical questionnaires and blood carboxyhemoglobin tests were given to 65 workers. (cdc.gov)
- Carboxyhemoglobin interferes with the oxygen transport and gas exchange abilities of red blood cells. (thehome-inspection.com)
- This means that for a given exposure level, it will take about 5 hours for the level of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood to drop to half its current level after the exposure is terminated. (feltonfire.com)
- Conventional oximeters are more accurate than blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) smartwatches and help in measuring various medical parameters such as carboxyhemoglobin levels. (emergenresearch.com)
- Blood carboxyhaemoglobin levels of 104 patients referred with unstable angina to a coronary care unit were determined on admission. (bmj.com)
Concentration1
- How quickly the carboxyhemoglobin builds up is a factor of the concentration of the gas being inhaled (measured in parts per million or PPM) and the duration of the exposure. (feltonfire.com)
Levels1
- Carboxyhaemoglobin levels and inhaling habits in cigarette smokers. (bmj.com)
Exposure1
- Carboxyhemoglobin Formation due to Transient Exposure to High Level Carbon Monoxide: Experimental Results and an Explanatory Model. (epa.gov)
Level2
- The higher level of carboxyhaemoglobin (a combination of carbon monoxide and haemoglobin) reduces oxygen supply to fetal tissues. (kkh.com.sg)
- When the three cases with carbon monoxide poisoning were excluded, the mean carboxyhaemoglobin level was 2.5% (+/- 1.3) for smokers (n = 30) and 0.6% (+/- 0.5) for non-smokers (n = 71). (bmj.com)
Pulmonary2
- Carboxyhemoglobin was measured immediately after injury and correlated to clinical parameters of pulmonary function as well as histopathology scores from lung tissue harvested 24 hours after the injury. (utmb.edu)
- Carboxyhemoglobin was negatively correlated to pulmonary oxygenation and positively correlated to pulmonary shunting, lung lymph flow, and lung wet/dry weight ratio. (utmb.edu)
Perform1
- Perform carboxyhemoglobin (COHgb) testing when CO poisoning is suspected. (cdc.gov)
Test1
- The carboxyhemoglobin test is used to diagnose carbon monoxide poisoning . (medlineplus.gov)
Medical1
- carboxyhemoglobin fraction is a topic covered in the Taber's Medical Dictionary . (unboundmedicine.com)
Methemoglobin3
- Do you have to worry about carboxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, or fetal hemoglobin? (electronicspoint.com)
- 1] Barker SJ, Curry J, Redford D, Morgan S. Measurement of carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin by pulse oximetry: a human volunteer study. (cvut.cz)
- Masimo Rainbow SET is the first and only technology platform capable of continuously and noninvasively measuring multiple blood constituents that previously required invasive procedures, including: hemoglobin (SpHbTM), oxygen content (SpOCTM) carboxyhemoglobin (SpCO(R)), methemoglobin (SpMet(R)), and PVITM for fluid responsiveness, in addition to oxyhemoglobin (SpO2), perfusion index (PI) and pulse rate. (masimo.com)
SpCO2
- SpCO, Masimo's original rainbow ® parameter, measures carboxyhaemoglobin, which forms in red blood cells upon exposure to carbon monoxide (CO). (masimo.de)
- Using the universal rainbow ® Super DCI ® -mini sensor for patients ≥3kg, clinicians can measure carboxyhaemoglobin (SpCO), total haemoglobin (SpHb), and methaemoglobin (SpMet ® ) simultaneously with Measure-through Motion and Low Perfusion SpO 2 and pulse rate, simplifying spot-checking of multiple parameters on a variety of patient populations. (masimo.de)
Cellulose triacetate1
- 8. Observed versus predicted carboxyhemoglobin levels in cellulose triacetate workers exposed to methylene chloride. (nih.gov)
Pulse2
- Accuracy of carboxyhemoglobin detection by pulse CO-oximetry during hypoxemia. (cvut.cz)
- The U.S. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)'s Fire Rehabilitation Standard recommends that firefighters exposed to smoke at incident scenes and during training be monitored for elevated CO levels on the scene "with a portable exhaled breath CO monitor or a CO-Oximeter (a pulse oximeter designed to measure carboxyhaemoglobin). (masimo.de)
Percentage1
- Percentage of CO2 carried as carboxyhaemoglobin is? (mcqshelper.com)
Drawn1
- Carboxyhemoglobin levels were drawn and were elevated. (blogspot.com)
Greater1
- In fact, the baby is revealed to a greater degree of carboxyhemoglobin, the compound that diminishes the oxygen in the body and also has actually triggered fatalities to individuals that have actually breathed in excessive carbon monoxide gas. (dedekey.com)
Patients1
- 1,17,18 In fact, patients who switched from CCs to ECs showed significant improvements in carboxyhemoglobin and oxygen-saturation levels after just 2 weeks. (uspharmacist.com)
Results1
- These results suggest the shocks induced brittle failure in lysozyme but plastic deformation in carboxyhemoglobin, and were used to estimate under what conditions X-ray laser crystallography data is likely to be affected by such shocks. (aps.org)
Cigarettes1
- Nonuse of cigarettes in this group was confirmed via testing of carboxyhemoglobin levels. (medscape.com)
Percent1
- their carboxyhemoglobin levels ranged from 5.3 percent to 18.8 percent. (osha.gov)