Effects of endothelin on porcine coronary arterial strips. (1/4)
Endothelin, a novel endothelium derived 21-residue vasoconstrictor peptide synthesized by Peninsula Laboratories, provoked a concentration-dependent contraction of porcine coronary arterial strips. EC50 value for endothelin was 14 +/- SD 4 nmol/L (n = 6), and significantly lower than the values for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 0.28 +/- 0.07 mumol/L, n = 6) and 15-methyl-prostaglandin F2 alpha (15-methyl-PGF2 alpha, 4 +/- 3 mumol/L, n = 7). The maximal increase in tension caused by endothelin was 5.4 +/- 1.1 g, being much greater than that induced by 5-HT (3.7 +/- 0.8 g, P less than 0.05) and 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha (3.7 +/- 0.6 g, P less than 0.01). The changes in tension provoked by endothelin (2-20 nmol/L) were attenuated significantly after pretreated with tetrodotoxin (TTX, 30 mumol/L, P less than 0.05 or 0.01). The results suggest that endothelin is one of the most potent vasoconstrictive agents, and its action is partially related to voltage-sensitive Na+ channel in the cell membrane. (+info)The contributions of adrenal hormones, hemodynamic factors, and the endotoxin-related stress reaction to stable prostaglandin analog-induced peripheral lymphopenia and neutrophilia. (2/4)
Stable prostaglandin analogs are known to induce lymphopenia and neutrophilia in a dose-dependent fashion after subcutaneous injection in rats. The purpose of the present investigation is to determine whether the prostaglandin-induced changes in circulating leukocytes might be secondary to hypotension with the ensuing release of adrenal hormones. The adrenal medullary catecholamine epinephrine was found to induce neutrophilia in both intact and adrenalectomized rats, and the glucocorticosteroid analog dexamethasone induced a profound lymphopenia in rats as reported by previous investigators. A stable analog of PGF2 alpha (15-S-15-methyl PGF2 alpha; M-PGF2 alpha) at the dose of 1 mg/kg induced marked systemic hypotension 1 h after injection, with lymphopenia and neutrophilia 6 h after injection. The non-prostanoid hypotensive agent captopril, at a dose of 63 mg/kg, induced a hypotension of similar magnitude and kinetics to that induced by prostaglandin. Captopril also induced lymphopenia and neutrophilia at 6 h, although the neutrophilia was of lesser magnitude than that induced by prostaglandins. The prostaglandin-induced lymphopenia was found to be mediated, at least in part, by the hypotension-induced release of adrenal hormones, as evidenced by the abrogation of lymphopenia in prostaglandin-treated adrenalectomized rats. Captopril-treated adrenalectomized rats, however, did develop a significant lymphopenia, suggesting that hypotension can result in lymphopenia even in adrenalectomized rats. The M-PGF2 alpha-induced neutrophilia in adrenalectomized rats, by comparison to captopril-induced neutrophilia in adrenalectomized rats, was greater than the neutrophilia expected as the result of hypotension alone. Indeed, the M-PGF2 alpha-induced neutrophilia in adrenalectomized rats was greater than the captopril-induced neutrophilia in sham-adrenalectomized rats. Thus, a portion of the neutrophilia induced by M-PGF2 alpha in intact rats may be mediated through adrenal-independent, hemodynamic-independent mechanisms. The possibility that M-PGF2 alpha might be inducing neutrophilia via an endotoxin-like stress reaction was investigated by examining changes in circulating white blood cells in intact and adrenalectomized C3H/HeN (endotoxin-sensitive) and C3H/HeJ (endotoxin-resistant) mice after prostaglandin administration. No quantitative differences in the prostaglandin-induced neutrophilia were noted in C3H/HeJ mice as compared to the C3H/HeN mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) (+info)Stable analogs of prostaglandins E1 and F2 alpha ameliorate the proteinuria of aminonucleoside-of-puromycin nephrosis in Lewis rats. (3/4)
Prostaglandins have been implicated by previous investigators in the pathogenesis of the nephrotic syndrome. A single subcutaneous injection of 1 mg/kg of stable analogs of prostaglandins E1 or F2 alpha (15[S]-15-methyl -PGE1 [M-PGE1] and -PGF2 alpha [M-PGF2 alpha]) was found in the present study to dramatically decrease proteinuria on Day 10 of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis in Lewis rats. The decrease in proteinuria was mediated at least in part by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as quantitated by inulin clearances in nephrotic control and prostaglandin-treated rats. M-PGE1, moderately, and M-PGF2 alpha, to a lesser degree, also decreased the GFR in normal rats. Interestingly, the GFR was dramatically decreased in nephrotic as compared with nonnephrotic control rats, which suggests that PAN nephrosis may not be an ideal experimental model for human minimal change nephrosis in which the GFR is usually not severely compromised. The prostaglandin-induced decrease in GFR in both nephrotic and normal rats was coincident with a drop in systemic blood pressure. Nephrotic rats, however, had a slightly higher baseline blood pressure than normals, and the hypotensive effects of both prostaglandins were much less in nephrotic than in normal rats. The decrease in proteinuria was not related to a cytoprotective effect, as indicated by the failure of daily doses of 5 micrograms/kg M-PGE1 to reduce proteinuria 6, 8, or 10 days after injection of puromycin aminonucleoside. The similar antiproteinuric effects of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors and of pharmacologic doses of prostaglandins are somewhat paradoxical but are reminiscent of the similarly paradoxical mutual antiinflammatory effects of these agents. The high doses of prostaglandins required to reduce proteinuria as well as their reduction of blood pressure and GFR will limit their clinical usefulness in the nephrotic syndrome. (+info)Effects of endothelin-1 on isolated uterine horns in estrogen-primed and pregnant mice. (4/4)
Mouse uterine horns from 4 states (estrogen-primed and early-, mid-, and late-pregnancy) were used to study the effect of endothelin-1 (ET) vs carboprost (Car) and oxytocin (Oxy). In K(+)-Krebs (KCl 40 mmol.L-1) solution, ET (1-300 nmol.L-1), Car (0.002-20 mumol.L-1), and Oxy (0.6-60 nmol.L-1) evoked concentration-dependent increases in tension of the uterine horns from 4 different states. Emax for ET were 1.12 +/- 0.26, 1.27 +/- 0.18, and 1.49 +/- 0.13 g in early-, mid-, and late-pregnancies, respectively. Emax for Car in mid- was twice that in late-pregnancy, whereas Emax for Oxy in late- was thrice that in mid-pregnancy. EC50 for ET were 9.6, 5.8, and 6.3 nmol.L-1 in early-, mid-, and late-pregnancies, respectively, and were only 2% to 7% of that for Car and 3-15 times of that for Oxy in various gravid stages. The results suggest that the contractile activity of pregnant mouse uterus to ET is more potent than that of Car while slightly weaker than that of Oxy. (+info)Carboprost is a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2α, which is a naturally occurring hormone-like substance in the body. It is primarily used as a medical treatment to induce labor or to manage postpartum hemorrhage (severe bleeding after childbirth) due to uterine atony (failure of the uterus to contract).
Carboprost works by causing strong contractions of the uterus, which can help to promote labor or reduce excessive bleeding. It is administered intramuscularly (injected into a muscle) and its effects are usually seen within a few minutes after injection. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.
It's important to note that Carboprost should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as it can have serious side effects if not used properly.
Uterotonic
Uterine atony
Prostaglandin F2alpha
Tris
Postpartum bleeding
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Tham
List of drugs: C-Ca
ATC code G02
C21H36O5
List of MeSH codes (D23)
Carboprost
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Hemabate2
- Carboprost tromethamine Brand: Hemabate Class: Prostaglandins, Endocrine, Abortifacient Uses A medication called Hemabate (carboprost tromethamine) Sterile Solution contains prostaglandin, a hormone-like molecule found in the human body. (medinfo24.com)
- When assessing a patient after the administration of carboprost (Hemabate), which side effect should the nurse expect? (floridiancecourses.org)
Tromethamine injection7
- The adverse effects of carboprost tromethamine injection sterile solution are generally transient and reversible when therapy ends. (drugcentral.org)
- Their use should be considered an integral part of the management of patients undergoing abortion with carboprost tromethamine injection.Of those patients experiencing temperature elevation, approximately one-sixteenth had clinical diagnosis of endometritis. (drugcentral.org)
- Carboprost tromethamine injection sterile solution (carboprost tromethamine), like other potent oxytocic agents, should be used only with strict adherence to recommended dosages.Carboprost tromethamine injection should be used by medically trained personnel in hospital which can provide immediate intensive care and acute surgical facilities. (drugcentral.org)
- Carcinogenic bioassay studies have not been conducted in animals with carboprost tromethamine injection due to the limited indications for use and short duration of administration. (drugcentral.org)
- The Company has received 4 final approvals that includes Bepotastine Besilate Ophthalmic Solution, 1.5%, Nadolol Tablets USP, 20 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg, Carboprost Tromethamine Injection USP, 250 mcg/mL Single-Dose Vials, Doxercalciferol Injection, 4 mcg/2 mL (2 mcg/mL) Multiple-Dose Vials. (onlinenews9.in)
- Carboprost Tromethamine Injection USP, 250 mcg/mL Single-Dose Vials. (onlinenews9.in)
- Carboprost tromethamine injection, USP sterile solution is indicated for aborting pregnancy between the 13th and 20th weeks of gestation. (onlinenews9.in)
Prostaglandin2
- Carboprost is a prostaglandin that elicits cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and vasoconstrictive properties and produces no coagulum. (medscape.com)
- The average peak concentrations of drug were slightly higher following each successive injection of the prostaglandin, but always decreased to levels less than the preceding peak values by two hours after each injection.Five women who had delivery spontaneously at term were treated immediately postpartum with single injection of 250 micrograms of carboprost tromethamine. (drugcentral.org)
Uterine1
- If continued inadequate uterine tone after increasing IV oxytocin rate, administer second line uterotonic (methylergonovine or carboprost) and tranexamic acid 1 gram IV over 10 minutes. (drugtopics.com)
Oxytocin1
- Their research compared mothers given carboprost tromethamine (an oxytocin inducer) injections with this injection plus motherwort injections. (plantmedicines.org)
20231
- This summary information comes from Fass Prostinfenem (carboprost) from Pfizer (2023-06-28). (janusinfo.se)
Injection1
- Aminophylline Injection IP 2.5% w/v (NLEM) Carboprost Promethamine Inj.USP 250 mg/ml Hydrocortisone sodium succinate for inj. (pdfdrug.com)
Contractions3
- Carboprost tromethamine administered intramuscularly stimulates in the gravid uterus myometrial contractions similar to labor contractions at the end of full term pregnancy. (drugcentral.org)
- Whether or not these contractions result from direct effect of carboprost on the myometrium has not been determined. (drugcentral.org)
- Nonetheless, they evacuate the products of conception from the uterus in most cases.Postpartum, the resultant myometrial contractions provide hemostasis at the site of placentation.Carboprost tromethamine also stimulates the smooth muscle of the human gastrointestinal tract. (drugcentral.org)
Diarrhea4
- Your doctor may give you medications to help with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea when being treated with carboprost. (rxwiki.com)
- Common side effects of carboprost include vomiting, diarrhea, and nausea. (rxwiki.com)
- This activity may produce the vomiting or diarrhea or both that is common when carboprost tromethamine is used to terminate pregnancy and for use postpartum. (drugcentral.org)
- Diarrhea, which is a common side effect of carboprost. (floridiancecourses.org)
Drugs1
- Carboprost belongs to a group of drugs called prostaglandins. (rxwiki.com)
Postpartum1
- With the clinical doses of carboprost tromethamine used for the termination of pregnancy, and for use postpartum, some patients do experience transient temperature increases.In laboratory animals and in humans large doses of carboprost tromethamine can raise blood pressure, probably by contracting the vascular smooth muscle. (drugcentral.org)
Pregnancy4
- Carboprost is used to abort pregnancy and to stop bleeding after giving birth. (rxwiki.com)
- Carboprost is used to abort pregnancy between weeks 13 and 20. (rxwiki.com)
- With the doses of carboprost tromethamine used for terminating pregnancy, this effect has not been clinically significant. (drugcentral.org)
- With the clinical doses of carboprost tromethamine used for the termination of pregnancy, some patients do experience temperature increases. (drugcentral.org)
Drug2
- www.drugguide.com/ddo/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/51130/all/carboprost. (drugguide.com)
- In some patients, carboprost tromethamine may cause transient bronchoconstriction.Drug plasma concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in peripheral blood samples collected by different investigators from 10 patients undergoing abortion. (drugcentral.org)
Side2
- Serious side effects have been reported with carboprost. (rxwiki.com)
- This is not a complete list of carboprost side effects. (rxwiki.com)
Provide2
- What tips would you provide a friend before taking Carboprost? (rxwiki.com)
- Carboprost tromethamine should be used by medically trained personnel in a hospital which can provide immediate intensive care and acute surgical facilities. (rxwiki.com)
Experience1
- How was your experience with Carboprost? (rxwiki.com)
Termination of pregna2
- Carboprost is also used for the termination of pregnancy in the 2nd trimester. (wikipedia.org)
- With the clinical doses of carboprost tromethamine used for the termination of pregnancy, some patients do experience temperature increases. (nih.gov)
Prostaglandins1
- Carboprost belongs to a group of drugs called prostaglandins. (rxwiki.com)
Oxytocic2
- The resulting mixture of tertiary carbinols (2) is transformed to oxytocic carboprost (3) by standard transformations, including separation of diastereomers, so that the final product is the C-15 analogue. (wikipedia.org)
- Carboprost tromethamine should be used only with strict adherence to recommended dosages like other potent oxytocic agents. (rxwiki.com)
Bronchoconstriction1
- In some patients, carboprost tromethamine may cause transient bronchoconstriction. (nih.gov)
Caution2
- Carboprost should be used with caution in patients with a history of high blood pressure. (picmonic.com)
- Hypersensitivity to carboprost or any of its components is also a contraindication [5] Exert caution in asthmatic patients as carboprost may cause bronchospasm. (mdwiki.org)
Nausea1
- Your doctor may give you medications to help with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea when being treated with carboprost. (rxwiki.com)
Pharmaceuticals1
- Carboprost-REACH (Reach Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd)". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). (wikipedia.org)
Humans2
Patients2
- The patients had been injected intramuscularly with 250 micrograms of carboprost at two-hour intervals. (nih.gov)
- The highest concentration of carboprost tromethamine was observed at 15 minutes in two patients (3009 and 2916 picograms/mL), at 30 minutes in two patients (3097 and 2792 picograms/mL), and at 60 minutes in one patient (2718 picograms/mL). (nih.gov)
Fever1
- Fever is a common side effect of carboprost. (picmonic.com)
Asthma1
- Given that carboprost and intravenous (IV) labetalol may be associated with asthma exacerbation, adjusted models for receipt of these medications were created with adjusted risk ratios with 95% CIs as measures of effect. (nih.gov)
Smooth muscle1
- Carboprost tromethamine also stimulates the smooth muscle of the human gastrointestinal tract. (nih.gov)
Side effects2
- Serious side effects have been reported with carboprost. (rxwiki.com)
- This is not a complete list of carboprost side effects. (rxwiki.com)
Drug1
- Carboprost is supplied with its salt derivative tromethamine in 1 milliliter ampules containing a 250 microgram/milliliter solution of the active drug. (mdwiki.org)
Treatment1
- Peripheral blood samples were collected at several times during the four hours following treatment and carboprost tromethamine levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. (nih.gov)
Status1
- Risk for status asthmaticus based on receipt of carboprost and IV labetalol was analyzed. (nih.gov)