Carbonic Anhydrases
Carbonic Anhydrase II
Carbonic Anhydrase I
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Carbonic Anhydrase V
Bicarbonates
Carbon Dioxide
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Acetazolamide
One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)
Zinc
A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.
Isoenzymes
Amino Acid Sequence
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Sordariales
Fruiting Bodies, Fungal
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Models, Molecular
Crystallography, X-Ray
Does gill boundary layer carbonic anhydrase contribute to carbon dioxide excretion: a comparison between dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). (1/1306)
In vivo experiments were conducted on spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in sea water to determine the potential role of externally oriented or gill boundary layer carbonic anhydrase in carbon dioxide excretion. This was accomplished by assessing pH changes in expired water using a stopped-flow apparatus. In dogfish, expired water was in acid-base disequilibrium as indicated by a pronounced acidification (delta pH=-0.11+/-0.01; N=22; mean +/- s.e.m.) during the period of stopped flow; inspired water, however, was in acid-base equilibrium (delta pH=-0.002+/-0.01; N=22). The acid-base disequilibrium in expired water was abolished (delta pH=-0.005+/-0.01; N=6) by the addition of bovine carbonic anhydrase (5 mg l-1) to the external medium. Addition of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (1 mmol l-1) to the water significantly reduced the magnitude of the pH disequilibrium (from -0.133+/-0.03 to -0.063+/-0.02; N=4). However, after correcting for the increased buffering capacity of the water caused by acetazolamide, the acid-base disequilibrium during stopped flow was unaffected by this treatment (control delta [H+]=99.8+/-22.8 micromol l-1; acetazolamide delta [H+]=81.3+/-21.5 micromol l-1). In rainbow trout, expired water displayed an acid-base disequilibrium (delta pH=0.09+/-0.01; N=6) that also was abolished by the application of external carbonic anhydrase (delta pH=0.02+/-0.01). The origin of the expired water acid-base disequilibrium was investigated further in dogfish. Intravascular injection of acetazolamide (40 mg kg-1) to inhibit internal carbonic anhydrase activity non-specifically and thus CO2 excretion significantly diminished the extent of the expired water disequilibrium pH after 30 min (from -0.123+/-0.01 to -0.065+/-0.01; N=6). Selective inhibition of extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity using a low intravascular dose (1.3 mg kg-1) of the inhibitor benzolamide caused a significant reduction in the acid-base disequilibrium after 5 min (from -0.11+/-0.01 to -0.07+/-0. 01; N=14). These results demonstrate that the expired water acid-base disequilibrium originates, at least in part, from excretory CO2 and that extracellular carbonic anhydrase in dogfish may have a significant role in carbon dioxide excretion. However, externally oriented carbonic anhydrase (if present in dogfish) plays no role in catalysing the hydration of the excretory CO2 in water flowing over the gills and thus is unlikely to facilitate CO2 excretion. (+info)Role of a novel photosystem II-associated carbonic anhydrase in photosynthetic carbon assimilation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (2/1306)
Intracellular carbonic anhydrases (CA) in aquatic photosynthetic organisms are involved in the CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM), which helps to overcome CO2 limitation in the environment. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, this CCM is initiated and maintained by the pH gradient created across the chloroplast thylakoid membranes by photosystem (PS) II-mediated electron transport. We show here that photosynthesis is stimulated by a novel, intracellular alpha-CA bound to the chloroplast thylakoids. It is associated with PSII on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membranes. We demonstrate that PSII in association with this lumenal CA operates to provide an ample flux of CO2 for carboxylation. (+info)Modulation of chloride, potassium and bicarbonate transport by muscarinic receptors in a human adenocarcinoma cell line. (3/1306)
1. Short-circuit current (I(SC)) responses to carbachol (CCh) were investigated in Colony 1 epithelia, a subpopulation of the HCA-7 adenocarcinoma cell line. In Krebs-Henseleit (KH) buffer, CCh responses consisted of three I(SC) components: an unusual rapid decrease (the 10 s spike) followed by an upward spike at 30 s and a slower transient increase (the 2 min peak). This response was not potentiated by forskolin; rather, CCh inhibited cyclic AMP-stimulated I(SC). 2. In HCO3- free buffer, the decrease in forskolin-elevated I(SC) after CCh was reduced, although the interactions between CCh and forskolin remained at best additive rather than synergistic. When Cl- anions were replaced by gluconate, both Ca2+- and cyclic AMP-mediated electrogenic responses were significantly inhibited. 3. Basolateral Ba2+ (1-10 mM) and 293B (10 microM) selectively inhibited forskolin stimulation of I(SC), without altering the effects of CCh. Under Ba2+- or 293B-treated conditions, CCh responses were potentiated by pretreatment with forskolin. 4. Basolateral charybdotoxin (50 nM) significantly increased the size of the 10 s spike of CCh responses in both KH and HCO3- free medium, without affecting the 2 min peak. The enhanced 10 s spike was inhibited by prior addition of 5 mM apical Ba2+. Charybdotoxin did not affect forskolin responses. 5. In epithelial layers prestimulated with forskolin, the muscarinic antagonists atropine and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP, both at 100 nM) abolished subsequent 10 microM CCh responses. Following addition of p-fluoro hexahydro-sila-difenidol (pF-HHSiD, 10 microM) or pirenzepine (1 microM), qualitative changes in the CCh response time-profile also indicated a rightward shift of the agonist concentration-response curve; however, 1 microM gallamine had no effect. These results suggest that a single M3-like receptor subtype mediates the secretory response to CCh. 6. It is concluded that CCh and forskolin activate discrete populations of basolateral K+ channels gated by either Ca2+ or cyclic AMP, but that the Cl- permeability of the apical membrane may limit their combined effects on electrogenic Cl- secretion. In addition, CCh activates a Ba2+-sensitive apical K+ conductance leading to electrogenic K+ transport. Both agents may also modulate HCO3- secretion through a mechanism at least partially dependent on carbonic anhydrase. (+info)Carbonic anhydrase III protects cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. (4/1306)
Carbonic anhydrase III (CA III; EC 4.2.1.1) is a cytoplasmic enzyme that exhibits a relatively low carbon dioxide hydratase activity. It is expressed at a very high level in skeletal muscle, where physical exercise has been shown to increase free radical production. In this work we show the effect of overexpression of CA III on cellular response to oxidative stress. Rat CA III cDNA was transfected to NIH/3T3 cells, which have no endogenous CA III expression. The isolated clones expressed CA III mRNA and protein. The protein was localized to cytoplasm and nuclei. Compared to parental cells, transfected cells showed lower basal oxidized state as judged by measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) using fluorescent dye and an image analysis system. Addition of exogenous H2O2 to cells induced a rapid increase of ROS in control but not in CA III overexpressing cells. Association of this phenomenon with CA III expression was further confirmed by showing that overexpression of CA II could not prevent H2O2-stimulated increase of ROS. In proliferation assays, CA III overexpressing cells grew faster and were more resistant to cytotoxic concentrations of H2O2 than control cells. After a 16 h exposure to oxidative stress, the number of apoptotic cells was also reduced in transfectants. Our results suggest that CA III functions as an oxyradical scavenger and thus protects cells from oxidative damage. A lower level of free radicals in CA III overexpressing cells may also affect growth signaling pathways. (+info)A novel role for carbonic anhydrase: cytoplasmic pH gradient dissipation in mouse small intestinal enterocytes. (5/1306)
1. The spatial and temporal distribution of intracellular H+ ions in response to activation of a proton-coupled dipeptide transporter localized at the apical pole of mouse small intestinal isolated enterocytes was investigated using intracellular carboxy-SNARF-1 fluorescence in combination with whole-cell microspectrofluorimetry or confocal microscopy. 2. In Hepes-buffered Tyrode solution, application of the dipeptide Phe-Ala (10 mM) to a single enterocyte reduced pHi locally in the apical submembranous space. After a short delay (8 s), a fall of pHi occurred more slowly at the basal pole. 3. In the presence of CO2/HCO3--buffered Tyrode solution, the apical and basal rates of acidification were not significantly different and the time delay was reduced to 1 s or less. 4. Following application of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (100 microM) in the presence of CO2/HCO3- buffer, addition of Phe-Ala once again produced a localized apical acidification that took 5 s to reach the basal pole. Basal acidification was slower than at the apical pole. 5. We conclude that acid influx due to proton-coupled dipeptide transport can lead to intracellular pH gradients and that intracellular carbonic anhydrase activity, by facilitating cytoplasmic H+ mobility, limits their magnitude and duration. (+info)Characterization of a molten globule state of bovine carbonic anhydrase III: loss of asymmetrical environment of the aromatic residues has a profound effect on both the near- and far-UV CD spectrum. (6/1306)
Bovine muscle carbonic anhydrase (isoenzyme III; BCAIII) exhibited a three-state unfolding process at equilibrium upon denaturation in guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl). The stable folding intermediate appeared to be of molten globule type. The stability towards GuHCl in terms of mid-point concentrations of denaturation were very similar for BCAIII and human CAII (HCAII). It was further demonstrated that the aromatic amino acid residues contributed significantly to the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum in the far-UV wavelength region during the native-->molten globule state transition. Thus, the ellipiticity change at 218 nm was shown to monitor the loss of tertiary interactions of aromatic side chains at the first unfolding transition as well as the rupture of secondary structure at the second unfolding transition. Similar aromatic contributions to the far-UV CD spectrum, but with varying magnitudes, were also noted for BCAII and HCAII, further emphasizing that interference of aromatic residues should not be neglected at wavelengths that normally are assigned to secondary structural changes. (+info)Denatured states of human carbonic anhydrase II: an NMR study of hydrogen/deuterium exchange at tryptophan-indole-H(N) sites. (7/1306)
Hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange measurements in low and moderate concentrations of GuHCI were conducted on the side chain H(N) atoms of the seven tryptophans of pseudo wild-type human carbonic anhydrase II. Tryptophans 5, 16 and 245, situated in or close to the N-terminal domain were found to have little protection against exchange. The H/D exchange results for Trp-123, Trp-192 and Trp-209 showed that a previously identified molten globule and the native state gave a similar protection against exchange. Global unfolding of the protein is necessary for the efficient exchange at Trp-97, which is located in the central part of the beta-sheet. (+info)Detection of intermediates in protein folding of carbonic anhydrase with fluorescence emission and polarization. (8/1306)
The three-dimensional structure of carbonic anhydrase is a result of specific folding of the protein chain to form a compact, globular molecule. Fluorescence measurements on the nature of the rate-limiting steps in folding from the random coil to the native structure show that each step involves an actual folding reaction of the protein chain. Emission intensity and polarization of the intrinsic fluorescence due to tryptophan residues reach a maximum during the early period of the folding process. The changes occur in at least three kinetic phases (tau1 less than 3 S, tau2 = 1 min, tau3 = 10 min, 1 M guanidinium chloride, 2 M NaC1, pH 7, 20 degrees C). None of these phases are explained by configurational changes in the fully unfolded chain. The results are consistent with a kinetic scheme that involves stepwise acquisition of the specific folded structure of the native enzyme. (+info)
A Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Carbonic Anhydrase-Related Protein of Toxoplasma gondii Is Important for Rhoptry...
Carbonic anhydrase IX expression in renal neoplasms: Correlation with tumor type and grade<...
Human Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase B. - Chemistry LibreTexts
Inhibition by anions of human red cell carbonic anhydrase B: physiological and biochemical implications | Science
Carbonic anhydrase IX expression, a novel surrogate marker of tumor hypoxia, is associated with a poor prognosis in non-small...
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is generally expressed in individual tumors and - Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors Induce Apoptosis
Induction and regulation of expression of a low-CO2-induced mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Carbonic anhydrase 3
Carbonic anhydrases in human keratinocytes and their regulation by all-trans retinoic acid and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 -...
Kinetically Selective Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes I, II, VII, IX, XII, and XIII. - PubMed - NCBI
Carbonic anhydrase IX promotes tumor growth and necrosis in vivo and inhibition enhances anti-VEGF therapy. - Physiology,...
Carbonic anhydrase IX promotes tumor growth and necrosis in vivo and inhibition enhances anti-VEGF therapy. - MRC Weatherall...
Crystal structure of the secretory isozyme of mammalian carbonic anhydrases CA VI: implications for biological assembly and...
carbonic anhydrase 9 | Carbonic anhydrases | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY
Hypoxia-inducible expression of tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases. - Target Discovery Institute
Hypoxia-inducible expression of tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases. - CLAHRC
Association of the gross appearance of intratumoral vascularity at MDCT with the carbonic anhydrase IX score in clear cell...
Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase deficiencies
Carbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9 Antibody Pairs: Novus Biologicals
Carbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9 Antibody Pairs: Novus Biologicals
Carbonic anhydrase IX, an endogenous hypoxia marker, expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship...
Article
Identification of an alternatively spliced isoform of carbonic anhydrase XII in diffusely infiltrating astrocytic gliomas
RCSB PDB
- 3MHL: Crystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase isozyme II with 4-{[N-(6-methoxy-5-nitropyrimidin-4-yl...
Expression of membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms IV, IX, XII, and XIV in the rabbit: induction of CA IV and IX...
Carborane derivatives as inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes | Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine
Carbonic anhydrase 9
The synthesis of some beta-lactams and investigation of their metal-chelating activity, carbonic anhydrase and...
HIGH Altitude CArdiovascular REsearch in the ANDES - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Acetazolamide-insensitive carbonic anhydrase activities in liver and tonic skeletal muscle of adult male rats with...
RCSB PDB - 3MHI: Crystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase isozyme II with 4-{[(5-nitro-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-4-pyrimidinyl...
Carbonic anhydrase 9 - Wikipedia
Carbonic Anhydrase IX / CA9 Antibody, Rabbit MAb | SinoBiological
Carbonic Anhydrase IX / CA9 Antibody, Rabbit MAb | SinoBiological
CAIX expression in bronchial trees and genital organs: | Open-i
Effect of Hyperglycemia on Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase and Lactic Acid in Type II Diabetic Subjects - pdf descargar
3iai - Proteopedia, life in 3D
Carbonic anhydrase 12 - TA505571 | acris-antibodies.com
Pharmacological Inhibition of Mitochondrial Carbonic Anhydrases Protects Mouse Cerebral Pericytes from High Glucose-Induced...
Carbonic anhydrases as targets for medicinal chemistry. - PubMed - NCBI
3dc9 - Proteopedia, life in 3D
VU Biotechnologijos institutas - Mokslo publikacijos
Reactome | Carbonic anhydrase VI dehydrates bicarbonate to water and carbon dioxide
Antibody inhibiting enzymatic activity of tumour-associated carbonic anhydrase isoform IX - Department of Physiology, Anatomy...
Functional and molecular determination of carbonic anhydrase levels in bovine and cultured human chondrocytes. - Oxford...
Carbonic Anhydrase and Zinc in Plant Physiology
Plus it
Spinach carbonic anhydrase: investigation of the zinc-binding ligands by site-directed mutagenesis, elemental analysis, and...
Plus it
Small-Molecule Suppression of Misfolding of Mutated Human Carbonic Anhydrase II Linked to Marble Brain Disease
Carbonic anhydrase iv | Article about Carbonic anhydrase iv by The Free Dictionary
Azobenzene-based inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase II
Expression of hypoxia-inducible carbonic anhydrase-9 relates to angiogenic pathways and independently to poor outcome in non...
Cryptococcus neoformans senses CO2 through the carbonic anhydrase Can2 and the adenylyl cyclase Cac1. - Kent Academic...
Expression of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Correlates with Histologic Grade and Metastasis in Osteosarcoma.
Unfolding a folding disease: folding, misfolding and aggregation of the marble brain syndrome-associated mutant H107Y of human...
Waterborne copper exposure inhibits ammonia excretion and branchial carbonic anhydrase activity in euryhaline guppies...
Zinc in the structure of Carbonic Anhydrase II in Complex With Furosemide As Sulfonamide Inhibitor (pdb 1z9y)
Intrinsic thermodynamics of sulfonamide inhibitor binding to human carbonic anhydrases I and II. | Sigma-Aldrich
Computer Simulation of the CO2/HCO3- Interconversion Step in Human Carbonic Anhydrase I
β-carbonic anhydrases play a role in salicylic acid perception in Arabidopsis
Plus it
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INJECTION PROVIDES EVIDENCE FOR THE ROLE OF BLOOD ACID-BASE STATUS IN STIMULATING VENTILATION AFTER...
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Induce Developmental Toxicity During Zebrafish Embryogenesis, Especially in the Inner Ear |...
CA12 - Wikipedia
Alfa Aesar™ 4-Nitrophenyl acetate, 98+% 10g Alfa Aesar™ 4-Nitrophenyl acetate, 98+%
Carbonic anhydrase studies in red blood cells - DoctorMyhill
CA-IX | definition of CA-IX by Medical dictionary
Carbonic anhydrase IX in oligodendroglial brain tumors | BMC Cancer | Full Text
Carbonic Anhydrase III Overexpression Lysate (Adult Normal), Novus Biologicals (NBL1-08616) | VWR
CA XIV CRISPR Plasmide | SCBT - Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Plasmidi CRISPR CA XIV | SCBT - Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Assignment of the gene determining human carbonic anhydrase, CAI, to chromosome 8, Annals of Human Genetics | 10.1111/j.1469...
AID 644085 - Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 using 4-nitrophenylacetate as substrate after 3 mins using...
Topiramate induces type 3 renal tubular acidosis by inhibiting renal carbonic anhydrase. - Sacre Anne
Research Highlight - Overcoming the Limits of Hypoxia in Photodynamic Therapy: A Carbonic Anhydrase IX-Targeted Approach
Neoblast data search
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Reactome | Carbonic anhydrase I/II hydrates carbon dioxide
PDB 2foy structure summary ‹ Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) ‹ EMBL-EBI
2hoc.1 | SWISS-MODEL Template Library
Anti-Carbonic Anhydrase IV/CA4 antibody - C-terminal (ab85225)
Trace Elements - Articles on Medical Diseases and Conditions
Lung carbonate dehydratase (carbonic anhydrase), CO2 stores and CO2 transport | Meta
Ethyl 2,2-Difluoro-2-(4-nitrophenyl)acetate | CAS No. 243656-25-9 | Sigma-Aldrich
Rat (Rattus) Carbonic Anhydrase VII (CA7) Protein, Recombinant | ABIN6302725
John Tileston Edsall
Rickli, E E; Edsall, J. T.; Ghazanfar, A S S; Gibbons, B H (1964). "Carbonic anhydrases from human erythrocytes". J. Biol. Chem ... and carbonic anhydrase. In 1944 John Edsall was a founding co-editor of the journal Advances in Protein Chemistry. He was ...
Bicarbonate buffer system
Catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase, carbon dioxide (CO2) reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which in turn ... Meldrum, N. U.; Roughton, F. J. W. (1933-12-05). "Carbonic anhydrase. Its preparation and properties". The Journal of ... causing carbonic anhydrase to form CO2 until all excess protons are removed. Bicarbonate concentration is also further ... are facilitated by carbonic anhydrase in both the blood and duodenum. While in the blood, bicarbonate ion serves to neutralize ...
Hilda Cid
Imidazole binding to human carbonic anhydrase B and the mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrases". FEBS Letters. 73 (1): 115- ... The team managed to determine the three-dimensional structure of carbonic anhydrase and a particular structure of G-actin ... Kannan, K. K.; Petef, M.; Fridborg, K.; Cid-Dresdner, H.; Lövgren, S. (15 January 1977). "Structure and function of carbonic ...
Diclofenamide
"Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and osmotic agents in glaucoma. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors". The British Journal of ... is a sulfonamide and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor of the meta-disulfamoylbenzene class. Dichlorphenamide as a carbonic ... it falls under the class of a first generation carbonic anhydrase Inhibitor. Diclofenamide was approved in the United States in ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, Sulfonamides, Chlorobenzenes, Ophthalmology drugs, All stub articles, Antihypertensive agent ...
Angela Casini
Casini, Angela (2004). "Hypoxia activates the capacity of tumor‐associated carbonic anhydrase IX to acidify extracellular pH". ... Casini, Angela (2004). "Unexpected nanomolar inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by COX-2-selective celecoxib: new pharmacological ... "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors". Medicinal Research Reviews. 23 (2): 146-189. doi:10.1002/med.10025. PMID 12500287. S2CID ...
William S. Sly
Sato S, Zhu XL, Sly WS (1990). "Carbonic anhydrase isozymes IV and II in urinary membranes from carbonic anhydrase II-deficient ... "Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase deficiencies". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 64 (1): 375-401. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi. ... Roth DE, Venta PJ, Tashian RE, Sly WS (1992). "Molecular basis of human carbonic anhydrase II deficiency". Proc. Natl. Acad. ... Sly also identified the first inherited deficiency of a human carbonic anhydrase, CA II, and defined the biochemical and ...
Caminibacter hydrogeniphilus
"Heat-stable carbonic anhydrases and their use." U.S. Patent No. 7,892,814. 22 Feb. 2011. De Bruijn, F. J. "Handbook of ...
Amphetamine
... cerebral carbonic anhydrase activation has cognition-enhancing effects; but, based upon the clinical use of carbonic anhydrase ... CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS (CAIs). The design and development of CAIs represent the most prolific area within the CA ... Bozdag M, Altamimi AA, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Carta F (2019). "State of the Art on Carbonic Anhydrase Modulators for Biomedical ... Amphetamine also activates seven human carbonic anhydrase enzymes, several of which are expressed in the human brain. ...
Topiramate
... forms of carbonic anhydrase. The action on carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes may contribute to the drug's side-effects, including ... As topiramate inhibits carbonic anhydrase, use with other inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase (e.g. acetazolamide) increases the ... Topiramate, sold under the brand name Topamax among others, is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor medication used to treat epilepsy ... the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase may be strong enough to cause metabolic acidosis of clinical importance. The U.S. Food and ...
Carbon disulfide hydrolase
The enzyme is similar to that of carbonic anhydrases. The enzyme monomer of CS2 hydrolase displays a typical β-carbonic ... The process is similar to the hydration of CO2 by carbonic anhydrase. This similarity points to a likely mechanism. The zinc at ... Similar ring structures have been seen in strains of carbonic anhydrases, however, in CS2 hydrolase is an enzyme consisting of ... This provides a key difference between carbonic anhydrase and CS2 hydrolase. This tunnel determines the enzyme's substrate ...
Carbonyl sulfide hydrolase
These enzymes are carbonic anhydrase, carbonic disulfide hydrolase, nitrogenase, carbon monoxide, and RuBisCO. The enzymes ... Haritos VS, Dojchinov G (January 2005). "Carbonic anhydrase metabolism is a key factor in the toxicity of CO2 and COS but not ... March 2013). "Carbonyl sulfide hydrolase from Thiobacillus thioparus strain THI115 is one of the β-carbonic anhydrase family ... Supuran CT (February 2008). "Carbonic anhydrases: novel therapeutic applications for inhibitors and activators". Nature Reviews ...
Sponge spicule
"Carbonic Anhydrase Related Proteins: Molecular Biology and Evolution". Carbonic Anhydrase: Mechanism, Regulation, Links to ... Among these genes, members of the alpha carbonic anhydrase gene family (CAs) are essential for biomineralization. CAs are zinc- ... Tripp, Brian C.; Smith, Kerry; Ferry, James G. (2001). "Carbonic Anhydrase: New Insights for an Ancient Enzyme". Journal of ... Supuran, Claudiu T. (2016). "Structure and function of carbonic anhydrases". Biochemical Journal. 473 (14): 2023-2032. doi: ...
CA11
Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CA11 gene. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a ... "Entrez Gene: CA11 carbonic anhydrase XI". Liao W, Xiao Q, Tchikov V, Fujita K, Yang W, Wincovitch S, Garfield S, Conze D, El- ... Bellingham J, Gregory-Evans K, Gregory-Evans CY (1998). "Sequence and tissue expression of a novel human carbonic anhydrase- ... Okamoto N, Fujikawa-Adachi K, Nishimori I, Taniuchi K, Onishi S (2001). "cDNA sequence of human carbonic anhydrase-related ...
Chlortalidone
Some of chlortalidone's diuretic effect is also due to this inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the proximal tubule. Chronic ... Johnston MM, Li H, Mufson D (December 1977). "Chlorthalidone analysis using carbonic anhydrase inhibition". J Pharm Sci. 66 (12 ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited substances). ... it also strongly inhibits multiple isoforms of carbonic anhydrase. ...
Metalloprotein
3 A reaction similar to this is almost instantaneous with carbonic anhydrase. The structure of the active site in carbonic ... Lindskog S (1997). "Structure and mechanism of carbonic anhydrase". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 74 (1): 1-20. doi:10.1016/ ... In aqueous solution, carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 This reaction is very slow in the absence of a ... H+ favours dissociation of carbonic acid at biological pH values. The cobalt-containing Vitamin B12 (also known as cobalamin) ...
Turnover number
Carbonic anhydrase is one of the fastest enzymes, and its rate is typically limited by the diffusion rate of its substrates. ... Lindskog, Sven (January 1997). "Structure and mechanism of carbonic anhydrase". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 74 (1): 1-20. doi: ...
Carboxysome
Likewise, in some cyanobacterial strains the beta-carboxysomes contain a beta-carbonic anhydrase that is not encoded in the ccm ... The signature proteins of the beta-carboxysome are Form IB RuBisCO and a gamma carbonic anhydrase homolog. Beta-carboxysomes ... CsoSCA is a shell-associated beta-carbonic anhydrase. Studies in Halothiobacillus neapolitanus have shown that empty shells of ... Cannon, Gordon C.; Heinhorst, Sabine; Kerfeld, Cheryl A. (2010). "Carboxysomal carbonic anhydrases: Structure and role in ...
Progestogen ester
"Carbonic anhydrase in the female reproductive tract. II. Endometrial carbonic anhydrase as indicator of luteoid potency: ...
Granatin A
It is a weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Satomi, H.; Umemura, K.; Ueno, A.; Hatano, T.; Okuda, T.; Noro, T. (1993). "Carbonic ... anhydrase inhibitors from the pericarps of Punica granatum L". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 16 (8): 787-790. doi: ...
Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether
"Carbonic anhydrase in the female reproductive tract. II. Endometrial carbonic anhydrase as indicator of luteoid potency: ... to possess similar potency to progesterone and hydroxyprogesterone caproate in the rabbit endometrial carbonic anhydrase test, ...
Cadmium cycle
Cadmium Carbonic anhydrase Diatoms Cullen, Jay T.; Maldonado, Maria T. (2013). "Biogeochemistry of Cadmium and Its Release to ...
Corilagin
doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83125-8. Satomi H, Umemura K, Ueno A, Hatano T, Okuda T, Noro T (August 1993). "Carbonic anhydrase ... It is a weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Ellagic acid and corilagin inhibit TGF-β1-dependent EMT and has been shown to ...
Alan J. Russell
Carbon Dioxide Removal from e.g. Blood using Membrane and Immobilized Carbonic Anhydrase; Artificial Lung for Example, US ...
Thalassiosira pseudonana
Samukawa, Mio; Shen, Chen; Hopkinson, Brian; Matsuda, Yusuke (2014). "Localization of putative carbonic anhydrases in the ...
Leishmania major
"Carbonic anhydrases from Trypanosoma and 'Leishmania as anti-protozoan drug targets". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. ...
Dorzolamide
... lowers intraocular pressure by about 20%. Normally, carbonic anhydrase converts carbonic acid (H2CO3) into ... It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and works by decreasing the production of aqueous humour. Dorzolamide was approved for ... It is a second-generation carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Dorzolamide hydrochloride is used to lower excessive intraocular ... As a second generation carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, Dorzolamide avoids systemic effects associated with first generation ...
Punicalin
It is a highly active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. The molecule contains a gallagic acid component linked to a glucose. Zhang ... Satomi, H.; Umemura, K.; Ueno, A.; Hatano, T.; Okuda, T.; Noro, T. (1993). "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors from the pericarps of ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ...
Granatin B
It is a highly active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. www.chemicalbook.com Satomi, H.; Umemura, K.; Ueno, A.; Hatano, T.; Okuda, ... "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors from the pericarps of Punica granatum L". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 16 (8): 787-790. ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ...
Indane-5-sulfonamide
... is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: binding of indanesulfonamides to the ...
Casuarinin
It is a highly active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. In some plants including oak and chestnut, the ellagitannins are formed ... "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors from the pericarps of Punica granatum L". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 16 (8): 787-790. ...
Pepsin
"Pepsin and carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme III as diagnostic markers for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease". The Laryngoscope. 114 ...
Karbondioksid
David W. Christianson, Carol A. Fierke: Carbonic anhydrase: Evolution of the zinc binding site by nature and by design. In: ...
Lisdexamfetamine
Carbonic anhydrases hCA4, hCA5A, hCA5B, hCA7, hCA12, hCA13, and hCA14 (enzyme activator) ...
List of diseases (C)
Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome Carbon baby syndrome Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency Carcinoid syndrome Carcinoma ...
Biometal (biology)
... for the need of zinc in human cells was shown until the late 1930s where its presence was demonstrated in carbonic anhydrase ...
Physiological effects in space
... such as carbonic anhydrase II and myoglobin, over that predicted by the overall decrease in muscle protein synthesis. In ... "Effect of immobilization on carbonic anhydrase III and myoglobin content in human leg muscle". Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. ...
Loop diuretic
Thiazide (blockade of sodium-chloride symporter), amiloride (blockade of epithelial sodium channels) and carbonic anhydrase ...
Winifred Ashby
She also contributed many studies of the carbonic anhydrase activity of the central nervous system. Women of Mayo Clinic Laura ...
Glaucoma
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease bicarbonate formation from ciliary processes in the eye, thus decreasing the formation ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as dorzolamide, brinzolamide, and acetazolamide, lower secretion of aqueous humor by ... carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in the mid-1990s.. Early surgical techniques like iridectomy and fistulating methods have ... inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body. Poor compliance with medications and follow-up visits is a major reason for ...
Zinc in biology
In vertebrate blood, carbonic anhydrase converts CO 2 into bicarbonate and the same enzyme transforms the bicarbonate back into ... The non-related β-carbonic anhydrase is required in plants for leaf formation, the synthesis of indole acetic acid (auxin) and ... Two examples of zinc-containing enzymes are carbonic anhydrase and carboxypeptidase, which are vital to the processes of carbon ...
Carbonic anhydrase III, muscle specific
CA3 carbonic anhydrase III, muscle specific". Sly WS, Hu PY (1995). "Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase ... Carbonic anhydrase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA3 gene. Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) is a member of a ... that encode carbonic anhydrase isozymes. These carbonic anhydrases are a class of metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible ... Du AL, Ren HM, Lu CZ, Tu JL, Xu CF, Sun YA (Mar 2009). "Carbonic anhydrase III is insufficient in muscles of myasthenia gravis ...
Mafenide
... is metabolized to a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, which could potentially result in metabolic acidosis.[citation ...
Metformin
... carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as topiramate), surgery, and other procedures, or in people having a radiological study with ...
Cyanase
... a combined application of cyanase and carbonic anhydrase has been used in a study. Qian D, Jiang L, Lu L, Wei C, Li Y (March ...
Hydroflumethiazide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, All stub articles, Cardiovascular system drug stubs). ...
Seagrass
Towards a model for inorganic carbon uptake in seagrasses involving carbonic anhydrase. In Kuo J, Phillips RC, Walker DI, ...
CA6
... may refer to : Carbonic anhydrase VI, a human gene United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit CA-6 may refer to ...
Acid-base homeostasis
3 through the action of carbonic anhydrase. When the extracellular fluids tend towards acidity, the renal tubular cells secrete ... H2CO3] is the molar concentration of carbonic acid in the extracellular fluid. However, since the carbonic acid concentration ... There, carbonic acid spontaneously dissociates into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions. When the pH in the ECF falls, hydrogen ... pKa H2CO3 is the cologarithm of the acid dissociation constant of carbonic acid. It is equal to 6.1. [HCO− 3] is the molar ...
Streptomyces sioyaensis
ISBN 0-08-086577-1. editors, Susan C. Frost, Robert McKenna (2014). Carbonic Anhydrase: Mechanism, Regulation, Links to Disease ...
Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 1
... has been shown to interact with carbonic anhydrase II and CHP. It is also the target of the ... Li X, Alvarez B, Casey JR, Reithmeier RA, Fliegel L (September 2002). "Carbonic anhydrase II binds to and enhances activity of ...
Chloride anion exchanger
"The functional and physical relationship between the DRA bicarbonate transporter and carbonic anhydrase II". American Journal ...
Normal anion gap acidosis
... often from normal saline Acetazolamide and other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Renal tubular acidosis Diarrhea: due to a loss ...
Hydrophobic effect
"The binding of benzoarylsulfonamide ligands to human carbonic anhydrase is insensitive to formal fluorination of the ligand". ...
Estrone sulfamate
The sulfamate moiety of EMATE results in carbonic anhydrase binding which, in turn, results in EMATE being taken up into and ...
CA8
... continues to carry a carbonic anhydrase designation based on clear sequence identity to other members of the carbonic anhydrase ... Carbonic anhydrase-related protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CA8 gene. The CA8 protein lacks the catalytic ... Bergenhem NC, Sait SS, Eddy RL, Shows TB, Tashian RE (1995). "Assignment of the gene for human carbonic anhydrase VIII(CA8) to ... "Entrez Gene: CA8 carbonic anhydrase VIII". UniProt accession number: P35219; Retrieved 27 December 2019 Online Mendelian ...
Cai
... a type of mineral Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, in pharmacology Codon Adaptation Index, a measure of codon bias in protein- ...
Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics
Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency is an inherited disorder characterized by episodes of metabolic crisis abnormal brain function ... Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase deficiencies. Annu Rev Biochem. 1995;64:375-401. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi. ... Hyperammonemia due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency. *Hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency ... medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carbonic-anhydrase-va-deficiency/ Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency. ...
Papilledema Medication: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, Corticosteroids
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Class Summary. Can be used in selected cases because they decrease the production of CSF and, ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act by inhibiting the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate, thus inhibiting the production ... Diamox and other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can decrease the production of CSF. ...
Papilledema Medication: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, Corticosteroids
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Class Summary. Can be used in selected cases because they decrease the production of CSF and, ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act by inhibiting the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate, thus inhibiting the production ... Diamox and other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can decrease the production of CSF. ...
Carbonic anhydrase - Wikipedia
Several forms of carbonic anhydrase occur in nature. In the best-studied α-carbonic anhydrase form present in animals, the zinc ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Badger MR, Price GD (1994). "The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant ... Carbonic anhydrase could in principle prove relevant to carbon capture. Some carbonic anhydrases can withstand temperatures up ... Class one being alpha carbonic anhydrase which is found in mammals, class two being beta carbonic anhydrase which is found in ...
Antiglaucoma, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors | Drug, OTCs & Herbals | Medscape Reference
RCSB PDB - 1Z97: Human Carbonic Anhydrase III: Structural and Kinetic Study of Catalysis and Proton Transfer.
Human Carbonic Anhydrase III: Structural and Kinetic Study of Catalysis and Proton Transfer. ... Carbonic anhydrase III. A. 266. Homo sapiens. Mutation(s): 3 Gene Names: CA3. EC: 4.2.1.1. ... Human Carbonic Anhydrase III: Structural and Kinetic Study of Catalysis and Proton Transfer. Duda, D.M., Tu, C., Fisher, S.Z., ... Human Carbonic Anhydrase III: Structural and Kinetic Study of Catalysis and Proton Transfer.. *PDB DOI: 10.2210/pdb1Z97/pdb ...
JCI -
Direct evidence of participation of rat lung carbonic anhydrase in CO2 reactions.
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Sulfonamide Inhibition Studies of a New β-Carbonic Anhydrase from the Pathogenic Protozoan Entamoeba...
... carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from the pathogenic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, EhiCA, was recently shown to possess a ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of a new beta-carbonic anhydrase from ... beta-and gamma-carbonic anhydrases from Bacteria: Can bacterial carbonic anhydrases shed new light on evolution of bacteria? J ... Supuran, C.T. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and their potential in a range of therapeutic areas. Expert Opin. Ther. Pat. 2018, ...
Red Eye Medication: Topical Antiviral Agents, Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), Miotics, Direct-Acting,...
Antiglaucoma, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Class Summary. CA is an enzyme found in many tissues of the body, including the ... It catalyzes a reversible reaction whereby carbon dioxide becomes hydrated and carbonic acid dehydrated. By slowing the ... carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors, and osmotic diuretics. ...
RCSB PDB - 3GZ0: Apo-human carbonic anhydrase II revisited: Implications of the loss of a metal in protein structure, stability...
Apo-human carbonic anhydrase II revisited: Implications of the loss of a metal in protein structure, stability and solvent ... Carbonic anhydrase 2. A. 259. Homo sapiens. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: CA2. EC: 4.2.1.1 (PDB Primary Data), 4.2.1.69 (UniProt) ... Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) is a monomeric zinc-containing metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydration of CO(2) to form ... Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) is a monomeric zinc-containing metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydration of CO(2) to form ...
Characterization of two novel nodule-enhanced a-type carbonic anhydrases from Lotus japonicus | John Innes Centre
Omeprazole Has a Dual Mechanism of Action: It Inhibits Both H+K+ATPase and Gastric Mucosa Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme in Humans ...
Omeprazole Has a Dual Mechanism of Action: It Inhibits Both H+K+ATPase and Gastric Mucosa Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme in Humans ( ... Omeprazole Has a Dual Mechanism of Action: It Inhibits Both H+K+ATPase and Gastric Mucosa Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme in Humans ( ... Omeprazole Has a Dual Mechanism of Action: It Inhibits Both H+K+ATPase and Gastric Mucosa Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme in Humans ( ... Omeprazole Has a Dual Mechanism of Action: It Inhibits Both H+K+ATPase and Gastric Mucosa Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme in Humans ( ...
carbonic anhydrase catalyzes what reaction
The enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction CO2(g)+H2O(l)HCO3-(aq)+H+(aq). Carbonic anhydrase, enzyme found in red ... Which reaction is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase? The enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction CO2(g)+H2O(l)HCO3-( ... Carbonic anhydrase is the enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction that makes carbonic acid (H2CO3). Hydrase is related to ... carbonic anhydrase an enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of carbonic acid into carbon dioxide and water, facilitating ...
Rat Carbonic Anhydrase II ELISA kit, AMS.E02C0621 | AMSBIO
Carbonic Anhydrase Enhanced Carbon Capture: Kinetic Measurements and Pilot Plant Trials</em>...
Gladis, A., Deslauriers, M. G., Fosbøl, P. L., Woodley, J., & von Solms, N. (2016). Carbonic Anhydrase Enhanced Carbon Capture ... Gladis, A, Deslauriers, MG, Fosbøl, PL, Woodley, J & von Solms, N 2016, Carbonic Anhydrase Enhanced Carbon Capture: Kinetic ... Carbonic Anhydrase Enhanced Carbon Capture: Kinetic Measurements and Pilot Plant Trials. Arne Gladis, Maria Gundersen ... Carbonic Anhydrase Enhanced Carbon Capture: Kinetic Measurements and Pilot Plant Trials. 2016. Abstract from 2016 AIChE Annual ...
Embryonic exposure to o,p′‐DDT causes eggshell thinning and altered shell gland carbonic anhydrase expression in the domestic...
... hens from these exposure groups also had a significantly reduced frequency of shell gland capillaries with carbonic anhydrase ( ... Disrupted carbonic anhydrase distribution in the avian shell gland following in ovo exposure to estrogen. *L. Holm, C. Berg, B ... Embryonic exposure to o,p′‐DDT causes eggshell thinning and altered shell gland carbonic anhydrase expression in the domestic ... The eggshell thinning action of acetazolamide; Relation to the binding of Ca2+ and carbonic anhydrase activity of the shell ...
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - General Practice notebook
The content herein is provided for informational purposes and does not replace the need to apply professional clinical judgement when diagnosing or treating any medical condition. A licensed medical practitioner should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Copyright 2022 Oxbridge Solutions Ltd®. Any distribution or duplication of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited. Oxbridge Solutions Ltd® receives funding from advertising but maintains editorial independence. GPnotebook stores small data files on your computer called cookies so that we can recognise you and provide you with the best service. If you do not want to receive cookies please do not use GPnotebook ...
Antimetastatic Effect of Sulfamate Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitors in Breast Carcinoma Xenografts - Northumbria Research Link
A panel of compounds belonging to the underexposed sulfamate class of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors was ... Antimetastatic Effect of Sulfamate Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitors in Breast Carcinoma Xenografts ... Antimetastatic Effect of Sulfamate Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitors in Breast Carcinoma Xenografts. Journal of Medicinal ...
Carbonic anhydrase 9 is associated with chemosensitivity and prognosis in breast cancer patients treated with taxane and...
The aim of this study was thus to clarify the correlation between expression of the hypoxic marker carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA9) ... Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is a cell surface enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ... Aomatsu, N., Yashiro, M., Kashiwagi, S. et al. Carbonic anhydrase 9 is associated with chemosensitivity and prognosis in breast ... Carbonic anhydrase 9 is associated with chemosensitivity and prognosis in breast cancer patients treated with taxane and ...
Hydrocephalus Medication: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, Loop diuretics
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Class Summary. These agents inhibit an enzyme found in many tissues of the body that catalyzes a ... Noncompetitive reversible inhibitor of enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes the reaction between water and carbon dioxide ... and decreasing CSF production by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase. Used as adjunctive therapy with ACZ in temporary treatment of ... reversible reaction in which carbon dioxide becomes hydrated and carbonic acid dehydrated. These changes may result in a ...
Sulfonamide Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrases Designed through a Three-Tails Approach: Improving Ligand/Isoform Matching...
... has become a milestone in human carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (hCAI) design for various therapeutics, including antiglaucoma ... The "tail approach" has become a milestone in human carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (hCAI) design for various therapeutics, ... Sulfonamide Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrases Designed through a Three-Tails Approach: Improving Ligand/Isoform Matching ...
Oral, Topical Carbonic-Anhydrase Inhibitors for Glaucoma Similarly Safe
Whether glaucoma patients take carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors as pills or eye drops, the risk of severe adverse events is low, ... NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Whether glaucoma patients take carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) as pills or eye drops, the risk ... "It remains important to weigh the decision to start oral carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors carefully, but I generally feel ...
Carbonic anhydrase ix and hypoxia promote rat pulmonary endothelial cell survival during infection
Carbonic anhydrase IX unifies spatial pH(i) regulation in large cell-clusters - Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics ...
Carbonic Anhydrase | 碳酸酐酶 | 抑制剂 | MCE
Carbonic anhydrases are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, ... Eight genetically distinct carbonic anhydrase enzyme families (α-, β-, γ- δ-, ζ-, η-, θ- and ι- CAs) were described to date. ... Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a zinc-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide: CO2carbonic anhydrase) 抑制剂,对人 carbonic anhydrase II 的 Ki 为 14 nM。Methazolamide 是一
IMSEAR at SEARO: Assessment of carbonic anhydrase activity in blood by alteration in pH.
... pH by hydration of CO2 in absence and presence of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor have been used to measure the carbonic anhydrase ... Carbonic anhydrase enzyme activity could be measured by manometeric and colorimetric techniques. A simpler and modified method ... Tripathi K, Upadhyay L. Assessment of carbonic anhydrase activity in blood by alteration in pH. Indian Journal of Experimental ... of carbonic anhydrase enzyme activity assessment in blood is proposed. In the present method differences in ...
Recombinant Mouse Carbonic Anhydrase XIV Protein, CF (2504-CA) | Bio-Techne
Recombinant Mouse Carbonic Anhydrase XIV Protein, CF (2504-CA) is manufactured by R&D Systems, Inc. a Bio-Techne Brand. ... Carbonic Anhydrase XIV, EC 4.2.1.1, carbonic anhydrase XIVcarbonic anhydrase 14, carbonic dehydratase ... Background: Carbonic Anhydrase XIV/CA14 Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the reversible reaction of CO2 + H2O = HCO3- + H+, ... Recombinant Mouse Carbonic Anhydrase XIV Protein, CF. R&D Systems, Inc. a Bio-Techne Brand. ...
InhibitorsAcetazolamideRole of carbonic anhydraseDorzolamideCarbon dioxideInhibitionLigandsCAIsEnzyme carbonicGlaucomaAntiglaucomaInhibits carbonic anhydraseAbstractEnzymesCAIIOral carbonicHumanProteinCharacterizationHypoxiaReversibleCalcificationRenalDeficiencyInhibitCarbonatePrognosticCytotoxicZonisamideAntibodiesProteinsExtracellularAcidTissuesHydrationBovineGeneMolecularZinc ion
Inhibitors34
- Diamox and other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can decrease the production of CSF. (medscape.com)
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act by inhibiting the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate, thus inhibiting the production of both aqueous humor and CSF. (medscape.com)
- Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase are used to treat glaucoma, the excessive build-up of water in the eyes. (wikipedia.org)
- Medications used to treat red eye depend on the underlying cause of the condition and may include antivirals, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cholinergic agents, carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors, and osmotic diuretics. (medscape.com)
- NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Whether glaucoma patients take carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) as pills or eye drops, the risk of severe adverse events is low, researchers in Canada report. (medscape.com)
- Dr. Michael M. Lin, a glaucoma specialist at Massachusetts Eye and Ear in Boston, said, "It remains important to weigh the decision to start oral carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors carefully, but I generally feel comfortable prescribing acetazolamide to most of my patients who need additional intraocular pressure control. (medscape.com)
- 7-Substituted-sulfocoumarins are isoform-selective, potent carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors. (unifi.it)
- 7-Substituted-sulfocoumarins are isoform-selective, potent carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors / M. Tanc;F. Carta;M. Bozdag;A. Scozzafava;C. T. Supuran. (unifi.it)
- In people with juvenile retinoschisis, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may help with symptoms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- These compounds were good inhibitors of the alpha-glycosidase, human carbonic anhydrase I and II isoforms and acetylcholinesterase enzyme withK(i)values in the range of 1.14 +/- 0.14-3.63 +/- 0.26 nM for alpha-glycosidase, 66.05 +/- 9.21-125.45 +/- 11.54 nM for hCA I, 89.14 +/- 10.43-170.22 +/- 26.05 nM for hCA II and 754.03 +/- 73.22-943.92 +/- 58.15 nM for AChE, respectively. (itu.edu.tr)
- New zinc binding motifs in the design of selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (cnr.it)
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) are a class of drugs used to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure (IOP). (southsidemedical.net)
- There are a few different types of oral medications that we might recommend, including beta blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (southsidemedical.net)
- In this work, different series of benzothiazole-based sulphonamides 8a-c, 10, 12, 16a-b and carboxylic acids 14a-c were developed as novel SLC-0111 analogues with the goal of generating potent carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors. (figshare.com)
- To investigate the factors associated with visual improvement in response to oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and the occurrence of microvascular changes in patients with retinitis pigmentosa-associated cystoid macular edema (RP-CME). (octclub.org)
- Eyes with CME extending to the outer nuclear layer or central fovea, and higher initial photoreceptor integrity may be prognostic factors associated with structural and functional improvements after carbonic anhydrase inhibitors treatment. (octclub.org)
- It belongs to a class of drugs known as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (internationaldrugmart.com)
- Generic for Trusopt* can interact with oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (internationaldrugmart.com)
- Topical prostaglandin analogues or beta-adrenergic receptor blockers are first used, followed by alpha-agonists or topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and infrequently, cholinergic agonists and oral therapy. (ajmc.com)
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are also available in pill form. (specsavers.ie)
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are typically used 2-3 times a day, sometimes alone, but usually in combination with another anti-glaucoma eye drop. (specsavers.ie)
- Supuran, CT Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the membrane-bound human isozyme IV with anions. (bindingdb.org)
- May enhance the adverse/toxic effects of other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (mims.com)
- The drugs may include Beta-blockers like betaxolol hydrochloride or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors dorzolamide and Sympathomimetics like brimonidine tartrate. (news-medical.net)
- Caution with other drugs that interfere with temperature regulation (eg, anticholinergics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors). (empr.com)
- Comment: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and salicylates inhibit each other's renal tubular secretion, resulting in increased plasma levels. (medscape.com)
- Gallorini M , Berardi AC , Ricci A , Antonetti Lamorgese Passeri C , Zara S , Oliva F , Cataldi A , Carta F , Carradori S . Dual Acting Carbon Monoxide Releasing Molecules and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Differentially Modulate Inflammation in Human Tenocytes. (wjgnet.com)
- Multitargeting approaches involving carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: hybrid drugs against a variety of disorders. (wjgnet.com)
- When carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g. methazolamide or acetazolamide) are introduced along with 1-42 in a similar experiment, cell apoptosis is disrupted. (claremont.edu)
- Are these carbonic anhydrase inhibitors acting on the same or a different pathway? (claremont.edu)
- Opical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as Dorzolamide (Trusopt), lower IOP but less effectively than oral acetazolamide. (cehjournal.org)
- Most patients, however, had preexisting disease and were receiving therapy such as beta-blockers, alpha-adrenergics, or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
- In this study, scientists produced a chip capable of conducting 1,024 reactions simultaneously, which, in a test system, ably identified potent inhibitors to the enzyme bovine carbonic anhydrase. (nextbigfuture.com)
- Sulfamic acid is also used in the design of various types of therapeutic agents including HIV protease inhibitors (PIs), antibiotics, anti-cancer drugs (carbonic anhydrase and steroid sulfatase inhibitors), anti-epileptic drugs, nucleoside human immunodeficiency virus that are reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and weight loss drugs. (sbwire.com)
Acetazolamide2
- Those using the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide were significantly less likely to develop acute mountain sickness (AMS) on the 5-day ascents, but 40% or more of those taking this medication still reported AMS symptoms. (cdc.gov)
- The same goes for acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor indicated for glaucoma but prohibited by WADA because it is a diuretic. (wms.org)
Role of carbonic anhydrase4
- The main role of carbonic anhydrase in humans is to catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and back again. (wikipedia.org)
- Citation needed] Therefore, the role of carbonic anhydrase depends on where it is found in the body. (wikipedia.org)
- Regulation of tumor pH and the role of carbonic anhydrase 9. (ox.ac.uk)
- Role of carbonic anhydrase IX in human tumor cell growth, survival, and invasion. (ox.ac.uk)
Dorzolamide3
- Dorzolamide reversibly inhibits carbonic anhydrase resulting in reduction of hydrogen ion secretion at renal tubule and increased renal excretion of Na, K, bicarbonate, and water, thus decreasing the production of aqueous humor. (mims.com)
- Trusopt Eye Drops contain Dorzolamide HCl, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor prescribed to treat ocular hypertension and intraocular pressure (IOP) in open-angle glaucoma. (northwestpharmacy.com)
- Trusopt Eye Drops or generic Dorzolamide HCl works by inhibiting an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body to lower the secretion of aqueous humor. (northwestpharmacy.com)
Carbon dioxide9
- This gene provides instructions for making the carbonic anhydrase VA enzyme, which helps convert carbon dioxide to a substance called bicarbonate. (medlineplus.gov)
- The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) (EC 4.2.1.1) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and hydrogen ions). (wikipedia.org)
- Relating the Bohr effect to carbonic anhydrase is simple: carbonic anhydrase speeds up the reaction of carbon dioxide reacting with water to produce hydrogen ions (protons) and bicarbonate ions. (wikipedia.org)
- These agents inhibit an enzyme found in many tissues of the body that catalyzes a reversible reaction in which carbon dioxide becomes hydrated and carbonic acid dehydrated. (medscape.com)
- Noncompetitive reversible inhibitor of enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes the reaction between water and carbon dioxide, resulting in protons and carbonate. (medscape.com)
- The carbonic anhydrases are indentified as metalloenzyme for its zinc ion prosthetic group, it can catalyze the rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons. (medchemexpress.com)
- One current study of this microbe by Alber, B.E. and Ferry J.G., determined that Methanosaeta thermophila archaea produce a carbonic anhydrase, which is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of water with carbon dioxide. (kenyon.edu)
- For example, the carbon dioxide produced by the cell's respiration must be excreted from the body, but this carbon dioxide is transported to the lungs by the blood, so each carbon dioxide molecule must be combined with water molecules to form carbonic acid in order to be transported. (articlesfactory.com)
- Each molecule of the enzyme (this special enzyme is called carbonic anhydrase) can catalyze the formation of 36 million carbonic acid molecules in one minute, naturally it can effectively remove carbon dioxide. (articlesfactory.com)
Inhibition2
- The compounds were tested for the inhibition of the zinc enzyme human (h) carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1). (unifi.it)
- The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effects of various phenolic standards, honey, propolis, and pollen species on human carbonic anhydrase I and II. (propolisscience.org)
Ligands2
- These studies demonstrate that the chemical nature of the direct ligands and the structure of the surrounding hydrogen bond network are crucial for both the activity of carbonic anhydrase and the metal ion affinity of the zinc-binding site. (nih.gov)
- We designed compatible low-molecular weight carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) ligands and doxorubicin (Dox) ligands and optimized protocols for efficient decoration of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to achieve both good targeting ligand density and optimum drug loading, while preserving colloidal stability. (uthscsa.edu)
CAIs1
- CAIs work by inhibiting the carbonic anhydrase enzyme, which is involved in the production of aqueous humor (the clear fluid that fills the space between the cornea and iris). (southsidemedical.net)
Enzyme carbonic2
- Expression of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase 9 on the tumor cell surface catalyses the extracellular trapping of acid by hydrating cell-generated CO(2) into [see text] and H(+). These mechanisms contribute towards an acidic extracellular milieu favoring tumor growth, invasion and development. (ox.ac.uk)
- Now consider convergence at the molecular level, specifically the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. (mysteriousuniverse.org)
Glaucoma1
- The development of small molecule affinity-based chemical probes as research tools for studying the role of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) in their wider biological context has become an active field of research owing to an increasing awareness of the therapeutic relevance of this enzyme family, particularly in diseases such as glaucoma (CA II) and solid tumors (CA IX, CA XII). (edu.au)
Antiglaucoma2
- The "tail approach" has become a milestone in human carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (hCAI) design for various therapeutics, including antiglaucoma agents. (nih.gov)
- A Class of 4-Sulfamoylphenyl-Omega-Aminoalkyl Ethers with Effective Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory Action and Antiglaucoma Effects. (atomistry.com)
Inhibits carbonic anhydrase1
- It also inhibits carbonic anhydrase in CNS to retard abnormal and excessive discharge from CNS neurons. (mims.com)
Abstract2
- Abstract: We report the production and biochemical characterization of an α-carbonic anhydrase (LrhCA) from gram-positive probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. (tuni.fi)
- Abstract: The North America Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor market size is $XX million USD in 2018 with XX CAGR from 2014 to 2018, and it is expected to reach $XX million USD by the end of 2024 with a CAGR of XX% from 2019 to 2024. (marketresearchinc.com)
Enzymes4
- The carbonic anhydrase VA enzyme is particularly important in the liver, where it provides bicarbonate needed by four enzymes in the energy-producing centers of cells (mitochondria). (medlineplus.gov)
- Insufficient bicarbonate results in impaired control of acid-base balance and reduces the activity of the four affected mitochondrial enzymes, resulting in the various biochemical abnormalities associated with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
- The chemists have tested their system on two proteins - the enzymes carbonic anhydrase and citrate synthase. (newscientist.com)
- Since carbonic anhydrases are conserved among bacterial plant pathogens, these enzymes represent promising new targets for the development of anti-bacterial agents. (usda.gov)
CAII3
- The most common cause is carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) deficiency. (bmj.com)
- In 1983, Sly et al 4 showed that in patients with this syndrome, carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) activity in erythrocytes was absent, suggesting that this was the primary defect. (bmj.com)
- These cells are characterized by expression of PDX1 (white) and the BMP-7 receptor ALK3 (red), but not the ductal marker carbonic anhydrase II (CAII, green). (diabetesresearch.org)
Oral carbonic1
- Effect of Oral Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor on Cystoid Macular Edema Associated wıth Retinitis Pigmentosa: An OCT and OCT Angiography Study. (octclub.org)
Human10
- Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) is a monomeric zinc-containing metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydration of CO(2) to form bicarbonate and a proton. (rcsb.org)
- Carbonic Anhydrase 14 Protein, Human (His) is an approximately 40.0 kDa human carbonic anhydrase 14 protein with a His-flag. (medchemexpress.com)
- A DNA sequence encoding the Homo sapiens (Human) Carbonic Anhydrase IX, was expressed in the hosts and tags indicated. (enquirebio.com)
- Structural Analysis of Inhibitor Binding to Human Carbonic Anhydrase II. (atomistry.com)
- Investigation of the inhibitory properties of some phenolic standards and bee products against human carbonic anhydrase I and II. (propolisscience.org)
- The Carbonic Anhydrase Vi (Cavi) Igg Antibodies reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (cropsciencejournal.org)
- Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Carbonic Anhydrase VI (CA6) in samples from Serum, plasma, saliva and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (cropsciencejournal.org)
- Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Carbonic Anhydrase VI (CA6) in samples from serum, plasma, saliva or other biological fluids. (cropsciencejournal.org)
- All compounds were examined as inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) I and II, and all of them inhibited hCA I and hCA II. (inonu.edu.tr)
- Two pathological relevant proteins, human aldose reductase and human carbonic anhydrase, were used as model proteins to get insights into the process of molecular recognition. (uni-marburg.de)
Protein2
- Among other work we have determined shell protein structures, determined the structure of both carbonic anhydrases that are encapsulated, and shown that the mechanism of RubisCO recruitment operates differently than assumed. (uoguelph.ca)
- Artificial sweeteners are used in diet drinks and foods but also could someday be used as treatments targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a protein associated with aggressive cancers. (phys.org)
Characterization1
- Identification and characterization of a carbonic anhydrase involved in virulence and bacterial competition of Pseudomonas syringae pv. (usda.gov)
Hypoxia4
- Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase (CA), strongly induced by hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
- Carbonic anhydrase IX is a hypoxia-induced enzyme that has many biologically important functions, including its role in cell adhesion and invasion. (finna.fi)
- Carbonic anhydrase IX, a biomarker of hypoxia, as a poor prognostic factor in invasive breast cancer: results from 321 cases in a tissue microarray series. (ox.ac.uk)
- Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is an enzyme upregulated by hypoxia during tumour development and progression. (c3m-nice.fr)
Reversible1
- One of the best-studied of these gene families comprises the α- carbonic anhydrases (CAs), which catalyse the reversible transformation of CO 2 to HCO 3 − and fulfill many physiological functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Calcification2
- Carbonic anhydrases play important roles in balancing pH, lipid biogenesis, calcification, and pathogenesis of bacteria. (usda.gov)
- Domains ruling for calcification mechanisms, e.g. carbonic anhydrase,chitin binding and tyrosinase remained common in all the species signing sustained calcifying control proteins. (canal-u.tv)
Renal1
- Carbonic anhydrase is one important enzyme that is found in red blood cells, gastric mucosa, pancreatic cells, and even renal tubules. (wikipedia.org)
Deficiency8
- Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency is an inherited disorder characterized by episodes during which the balance of certain substances in the body is disrupted (known as metabolic crisis) and brain function is abnormal (known as acute encephalopathy). (medlineplus.gov)
- During an episode, people with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency have excess ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia), problems with acid-base balance in the blood (metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis), low glucose in the blood (hypoglycemia), and reduced production of a substance called bicarbonate in the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
- People with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency typically first experience episodes of the disorder by age 2. (medlineplus.gov)
- Between episodes, children with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency are generally healthy, and more than half have no further episodes after the first one. (medlineplus.gov)
- Because of the small number of people with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency who have come to medical attention, the effects of this disorder in adults are not well understood. (medlineplus.gov)
- The prevalence of carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency is unknown. (medlineplus.gov)
- researchers suspect that some babies diagnosed with transient hyperammonemia may actually have carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
- Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency is caused by mutations in the CA5A gene. (medlineplus.gov)
Inhibit1
- Polyphenols are important secondary products of plants with the potential to inhibit carbonic anhydrases. (propolisscience.org)
Carbonate2
- In our studies, we focussed on the carbonic anhydrase / silicase which are important for the formation of calcium carbonate and silica and the effects of the environment on biomineral formation. (rlp-forschung.de)
- Enzyme-accelerated and structure-guided crystallization of calcium carbonate: Role of the carbonic anhydrase in the homologous system. (mpg.de)
Prognostic2
- To investigate their possible antitumor activity, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed with Carbonic anhydrase, a prognostic factor in several cancers, and compared to the native ligand, 5-acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazole- 2-sulfonamide. (ac.rs)
- High levels of carbonic anhydrase IX in tumour tissue and plasma are biomarkers of poor prognostic in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. (c3m-nice.fr)
Cytotoxic1
- Cytotoxic effects, carbonic anhydrase is. (itu.edu.tr)
Zonisamide2
Antibodies1
- Igg Antibody Laboratories manufactures the carbonic anhydrase vi (cavi) igg antibodies reagents distributed by Genprice. (cropsciencejournal.org)
Proteins2
- The carbonic anhydrasekl (CA) family consists of at least 11 enzymatically active members and a few inactive homologous proteins [2] . (medchemexpress.com)
- Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) belong to the metalloenzymes family of proteins. (springeropen.com)
Extracellular2
- We review mechanisms regulating tumor intracellular and extracellular pH, with a focus on carbonic anhydrase 9. (ox.ac.uk)
- Down-regulation of extracellular carbonic anhydrase occurred faster in the high CO 2 treatment. (biorxiv.org)
Acid4
- Carbonic anhydrase helps maintain acid-base homeostasis, regulate pH, and fluid balance. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, carbonic anhydrase produces acid in the stomach lining. (wikipedia.org)
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is considered a strong acid because it is present only in a completely ionized form in the body, whereas carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ) is a weak acid because it is ionized incompletely, and, at equilibrium, all three reactants are present in body fluids. (medscape.com)
- the carbonic acid, in turn, forms water and CO 2 . (medscape.com)
Tissues1
- For this purpose, we constructed a gold nanoplatform targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) epitope, which is overexpressed in hypoxic tumor cells versus in normal tissues. (uthscsa.edu)
Hydration1
- In the present method differences in pH by hydration of CO2 in absence and presence of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor have been used to measure the carbonic anhydrase activity in the blood. (who.int)
Bovine1
- 8. Mau M, Kaiser TM, Südekum K. Carbonic anhydrase II is secreted from bovine parotid glands. (southernbiotech.com)
Gene2
- Mutations in the CA5A gene result in absent or impaired carbonic anhydrase VA enzyme function, leading to reduced bicarbonate production. (medlineplus.gov)
- Studies suggest that a related enzyme produced from the CA5B gene may increasingly compensate for the lack of carbonic anhydrase VA as affected individuals mature, which may result in a reduced risk of metabolic crisis and acute encephalopathy after childhood. (medlineplus.gov)
Molecular1
- Researchers in our laboratory are dissecting the determinants of molecular recognition and catalysis in the zinc-binding site of carbonic anhydrase. (nih.gov)
Zinc ion1
- The active site of most carbonic anhydrases contains a zinc ion. (wikipedia.org)