Carbonic anhydrase v. Medical search

A carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme found in MITOCHONDRIA where it provides bicarbonate ions that are components in the urea cycle and in GLUCONEOGENESIS.

A family of zinc-containing enzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They play an important role in the transport of CARBON DIOXIDE from the tissues to the LUNG. EC 4.2.1.1.

A class of compounds that reduces the secretion of H+ ions by the proximal kidney tubule through inhibition of CARBONIC ANHYDRASES.

A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme found widely distributed in cells of almost all tissues. Deficiencies of carbonic anhydrase II produce a syndrome characterized by OSTEOPETROSIS, renal tubular acidosis (ACIDOSIS, RENAL TUBULAR) and cerebral calcification. EC 4.2.1.-

A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme primarily expressed in skeletal muscle (MUSCLES, SKELETAL). EC 4.2.1.-

A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme primarily expressed in ERYTHROCYTES, vascular endothelial cells, and the gastrointestinal mucosa. EC 4.2.1.-

A membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase found in lung capillaries and kidney.

One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)

A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.

Selective renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It may also be of use in certain cases of respiratory failure.

A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.

A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.

A ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates OXYGEN-dependent polyubiquitination of HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1, ALPHA SUBUNIT. It is inactivated in VON HIPPEL-LINDAU SYNDROME.

A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.

A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

A genus of gram-negative, ellipsoidal or rod-shaped bacteria whose major source of energy and reducing power is from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. Its species occur in soils, oceans, lakes, rivers, and sewage disposal systems.

The type species of the genus NITROSOMONAS, a gram-negative chemolithotroph that oxidizes ammonia to nitrite. It is found in soil, sewage, freshwater, and on building walls, and especially in polluted areas where air contains high levels of nitrogen compounds.

A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.

A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.

Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.

Storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway. Its activated form, IXa, forms a complex with factor VIII and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor X to Xa. Deficiency of factor IX results in HEMOPHILIA B (Christmas Disease).

A deficiency of blood coagulation factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical features resemble those in classic hemophilia (HEMOPHILIA A), but patients present with fewer symptoms. Severity of bleeding is usually similar in members of a single family. Many patients are asymptomatic until the hemostatic system is stressed by surgery or trauma. Treatment is similar to that for hemophilia A. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1008)

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Topiramate treatment protects blood-brain barrier pericytes from hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage in diabetic mice. (1/5)

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Carbonic anhydrase 5 regulates acid-base homeostasis in zebrafish. (2/5)

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Differential gene expression analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals novel test for early detection of pancreatic cancer. (3/5)

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Targeted mutagenesis of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases VA and VB implicates both enzymes in ammonia detoxification and glucose metabolism. (4/5)

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Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency resulting from CA5A alterations presents with hyperammonemia in early childhood. (5/5)

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"Entrez Gene: CA9 carbonic anhydrase IX".. *^ Kirkpatrick JP, Rabbani ZN, Bentley RC, Hardee ME, Karol S, Meyer J, Oosterwijk E ... Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9/CAIX) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA9 gene.[5][6][7] ... Nishimori I, Onishi S (2001). "Carbonic anhydrase isozymes in the human pancreas". Digestive and Liver Disease. 33 (1): 68-74. ... Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CA_9

Carbonic anhydrase[edit]. Active site of carbonic anhydrase. The three coordinating histidine residues are shown in green, ... A reaction similar to this is almost instantaneous with carbonic anhydrase. The structure of the active site in carbonic ... Lindskog S (1997). "Structure and mechanism of carbonic anhydrase". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 74 (1): 1-20. doi:10.1016/ ... favours dissociation of carbonic acid at biological pH values.[25] Vitamin B12-dependent enzymes[edit]. The cobalt-containing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloprotein

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors[edit]. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase which is found in the ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors acetazolamide,[16] dorzolamide Inhibits H+ secretion, resultant promotion of Na+ and K+ excretion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diuretic

Catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase, carbon dioxide (CO2) reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which in turn ... Meldrum, N. U.; Roughton, F. J. W. (1933-12-05). "Carbonic anhydrase. Its preparation and properties". The Journal of ... causing carbonic anhydrase to form CO2 until all excess acid is removed. Bicarbonate concentration is also further regulated by ... are facilitated by carbonic anhydrase in both the blood and duodenum. While in the blood, bicarbonate ion serves to neutralize ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate_buffer_system

"Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and osmotic agents in glaucoma. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors". The British Journal of ... Diclofenamide (or dichlorphenamide) is a sulfonamide and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor of the meta-disulfamoylbenzene class. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diclofenamide

Casini, Angela (2004). "Hypoxia activates the capacity of tumor‐associated carbonic anhydrase IX to acidify extracellular pH". ... Casini, Angela (2004). "Unexpected nanomolar inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by COX-2-selective celecoxib: new pharmacological ... "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors". Medicinal Research Reviews. 23 (2): 146-189. doi:10.1002/med.10025. PMID 12500287. S2CID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Casini

... cerebral carbonic anhydrase activation has cognition-enhancing effects; but, based upon the clinical use of carbonic anhydrase ... CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS (CAIs). The design and development of CAIs represent the most prolific area within the CA ... Bozdag M, Altamimi AA, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Carta F (2019). "State of the Art on Carbonic Anhydrase Modulators for Biomedical ... Amphetamine also activates seven human carbonic anhydrase enzymes, several of which are expressed in the human brain. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine

It also decreases carbonic anhydrase in the CNS, increasing the seizure threshold. This reduction in carbonic anhydrase also ... Ethoxzolamide binds and inhibits carbonic anhydrase I. Carbonic anhydrase plays an essential role in facilitating the transport ... Ethoxzolamide, a sulfonamide, inhibits carbonic anhydrase activity in proximal renal tubules to decrease reabsorption of water ... Dimazole Dithiazanine iodide Gordon DM (July 1958). "Ethoxzolamide; a new carbonic anhydrase inhibitor". American Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethoxzolamide

... forms of carbonic anhydrase. The action on carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes may contribute to the drug's side-effects, including ... As topiramate inhibits carbonic anhydrase, use with other inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase (e.g. acetazolamide) increases the ... Topiramate, sold under the brand name Topamax among others, is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor medication used to treat epilepsy ... the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase may be strong enough to cause metabolic acidosis of clinical importance. The U.S. Food and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topiramate

Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA11 gene. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a ... "Entrez Gene: CA11 carbonic anhydrase XI". CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Liao W, Xiao Q, Tchikov V, Fujita K, Yang W, ... Bellingham J, Gregory-Evans K, Gregory-Evans CY (1998). "Sequence and tissue expression of a novel human carbonic anhydrase- ... Okamoto N, Fujikawa-Adachi K, Nishimori I, Taniuchi K, Onishi S (2001). "cDNA sequence of human carbonic anhydrase-related ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CA11

Some of chlortalidone's diuretic effect is also due to this inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the proximal tubule. Chronic ... Johnston MM, Li H, Mufson D (December 1977). "Chlorthalidone analysis using carbonic anhydrase inhibition". J Pharm Sci. 66 (12 ... it also strongly inhibits multiple isoforms of carbonic anhydrase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlortalidone

Carbonic anhydrase is one of the fastest enzymes, and its rate is typically limited by the diffusion rate of its substrates. ... Lindskog S (1997). "Structure and mechanism of carbonic anhydrase". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 74 (1): 1-20. doi:10.1016/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnover_number

Carbonic anhydrase. 2.6 × 10−2. 4.0 × 105. 1.5 × 107 Fumarase. 5.0 × 10−6. 8.0 × 102. 1.6 × 108 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaelis–Menten_kinetics

"Carbonic anhydrase in the female reproductive tract. II. Endometrial carbonic anhydrase as indicator of luteoid potency: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progestogen_ester

It is a weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Satomi, H.; Umemura, K.; Ueno, A.; Hatano, T.; Okuda, T.; Noro, T. (1993). "Carbonic ... anhydrase inhibitors from the pericarps of Punica granatum L". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 16 (8): 787-790. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granatin_A

Sato S, Zhu XL, Sly WS (1990). "Carbonic anhydrase isozymes IV and II in urinary membranes from carbonic anhydrase II-deficient ... "Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase deficiencies". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 64 (1): 375-401. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi. ... Roth DE, Venta PJ, Tashian RE, Sly WS (1992). "Molecular basis of human carbonic anhydrase II deficiency". Proc. Natl. Acad. ... Sly also identified the first inherited deficiency of a human carbonic anhydrase, CA II, and defined the biochemical and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_S._Sly

"Carbonic anhydrase in the female reproductive tract. II. Endometrial carbonic anhydrase as indicator of luteoid potency: ... to possess similar potency to progesterone and hydroxyprogesterone caproate in the rabbit endometrial carbonic anhydrase test, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone_3-acetyl_enol_ether

Cadmium Carbonic anhydrase Diatoms Cullen, Jay T.; Maldonado, Maria T. (2013). "Biogeochemistry of Cadmium and Its Release to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_cycle

doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83125-8. Satomi H, Umemura K, Ueno A, Hatano T, Okuda T, Noro T (August 1993). "Carbonic anhydrase ... It is a weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Ellagic acid and corilagin inhibit TGF-β1-dependent EMT and has been shown to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corilagin

Carbon Dioxide Removal from e.g. Blood using Membrane and Immobilized Carbonic Anhydrase; Artificial Lung for Example, US ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_J._Russell

4.2 Carbonic anhydrase. Miscellaneous. *Steroidogenesis inhibitor. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_inhibition

The COX-2 enzyme was discovered in 1988 by Daniel Simmons, a Brigham Young University researcher.[23] The mouse COX-2 gene was cloned by UCLA scientist Dr. Harvey Herschman, a finding published in 1991.[24]. The basic research leading to the discovery of COX-2 inhibitors has been the subject of at least two lawsuits. Brigham Young University has sued Pfizer, alleging breach of contract from relations BYU had with the company at the time of Dr. Simmons's work.[25][26] A settlement was reached in April 2012 in which Pfizer agreed to pay $450 million.[27][28] The other litigation is based on United States Pat. No. 6,048,850[29] owned by University of Rochester, which claimed a method to treat pain without causing gastro-intestinal distress by selectively inhibiting COX-2. When the patent issued, the university sued Searle (later Pfizer) in a case called, University of Rochester v. G.D. Searle & Co., 358 F.3d 916 (Fed. Cir. 2004). The court ruled in favor of Searle in 2004, holding in essence that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COX_inhibitor

A 2017 population-based, matched-cohort study of 93,197 men aged 66 years and older with BPH found that finasteride and dutasteride were associated with a significantly increased risk of depression (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.73-2.16) and self-harm (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.34-2.64) during the first 18 months of treatment, but were not associated with an increased risk of suicide (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.53-1.45).[31][32][33][21] After the initial 18 months of therapy, the risk of self-harm was no longer heightened, whereas the elevation in risk of depression lessened but remained marginally increased (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08-1.37).[31][32][21] The absolute increase in the rate of depression was 247 per 100,000 patient-years and of self-harm was 17 per 100,000 patient-years.[21][34] As such, on the basis of these findings, it has been stated that cases of depression in patients that are attributable to 5-ARIs will be encountered on occasion, while cases of self-harm attributable to 5-ARIs will be encountered ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5α-Reductase_inhibitor

The affinity of RI for ribonucleases is among the highest for any protein-protein interaction; the dissociation constant of the RI-RNase A complex is in the femtomolar (fM) range under physiological conditions while that for the RI-angiogenin complex is less than 1 fM. Despite this high affinity, RI is able to bind a wide variety of RNases A despite their relatively low sequence identity. Both biochemical studies and crystallographic structures of RI-RNase A complexes suggest that the interaction is governed largely by electrostatic interactions, but also involves substantial buried surface area.[3][4] RI's affinity for ribonucleases is important, since many ribonucleases have cytotoxic and cytostatic effects that correlate well with ability to bind RI.[5] Mammalian RIs are unable to bind certain pancreatic ribonuclease family members from other species. In particular, amphibian RNases, such ranpirnase and amphinase from the Northern leopard frog, escape mammalian RI and have been noted to have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_inhibitor

Beyond being a catalyst in the rate-limiting step in testosterone reduction, 5α-reductase isoforms I and II reduce progesterone to 5α-dihydroprogesterone (5α-DHP) and deoxycorticosterone to dihydrodeoxycorticosterone (DHDOC). In vitro and animal models suggest subsequent 3α-reduction of DHT, 5α-DHP and DHDOC lead to neurosteroid metabolites with effect on cerebral function. These neurosteroids, which include allopregnanolone, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC), and 3α-androstanediol, act as potent positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors, and have antidepressant, anxiolytic, prosexual, and anticonvulsant effects.[33] 5α-Dihydrocortisol is present in the aqueous humor of the eye, is synthesized in the lens, and might help make the aqueous humor itself.[34] 5α-Dihydroaldosterone is a potent antinatriuretic agent, although different from aldosterone. Its formation in the kidney is enhanced by restriction of dietary salt, suggesting it may help retain sodium.[35] 5α-DHP is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-alpha-reductase_inhibitor

The role of cholesterol in the development of cardiovascular disease was elucidated in the second half of the 20th century.[138] This lipid hypothesis prompted attempts to reduce cardiovascular disease burden by lowering cholesterol. Treatment consisted mainly of dietary measures, such as a low-fat diet, and poorly tolerated medicines, such as clofibrate, cholestyramine, and nicotinic acid. Cholesterol researcher Daniel Steinberg writes that while the Coronary Primary Prevention Trial of 1984 demonstrated cholesterol lowering could significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and angina, physicians, including cardiologists, remained largely unconvinced.[139] Scientists in academic settings and the pharmaceutical industry began trying to develop a drug to reduce cholesterol more effectively. There were several potential targets, with 30 steps in the synthesis of cholesterol from acetyl-coenzyme A.[140] In 1971, Akira Endo, a Japanese biochemist working for the pharmaceutical company Sankyo, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statin

When used in the central nervous system to alleviate neurological symptoms, such as rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease, all cholinesterase inhibitors require doses to be increased gradually over several weeks, and this is usually referred to as the titration phase. Many other types drug treatments may require a titration or stepping up phase. This strategy is used to build tolerance to adverse events or to reach a desired clinical effect.[12] This also prevents accidental overdose and is therefore recommended when initiating treatment with drugs that are extremely potent and/or toxic (drugs with a low therapeutic index). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholinesterase_inhibitors

4.2 Carbonic anhydrase. Miscellaneous. *Steroidogenesis inhibitor. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DPP4_inhibitor

As enzymes have evolved to bind their substrates tightly, and most reversible inhibitors bind in the active site of enzymes, it is unsurprising that some of these inhibitors are strikingly similar in structure to the substrates of their targets. An example of these substrate mimics are the protease inhibitors, a very successful class of antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV.[19] The structure of ritonavir, a protease inhibitor based on a peptide and containing three peptide bonds, is shown on the right. As this drug resembles the protein that is the substrate of the HIV protease, it competes with this substrate in the enzyme's active site. Enzyme inhibitors are often designed to mimic the transition state or intermediate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. This ensures that the inhibitor exploits the transition state stabilising effect of the enzyme, resulting in a better binding affinity (lower Ki) than substrate-based designs. An example of such a transition state inhibitor is the antiviral drug ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_inhibition

carbonic anhydrase (chloride shift). *oxyhemoglobin. *respiratory quotient. *arterial blood gas. *diffusion capacity (DLCO) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhale

Pervasive and required for several enzymes such as carboxypeptidase, liver alcohol dehydrogenase, and carbonic anhydrase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_mineral

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitorsEdit. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase which is found in the ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors acetazolamide,[17] dorzolamide Inhibits H+ secretion, resultant promotion of Na+ and K+ excretion ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diuretic

"Structural and kinetic characterization of active-site histidine as a proton shuttle in catalysis by human carbonic anhydrase ...

https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/효소

Murakami, H. and Sly, W.S. (1987). "Purification and characterization of human salivary carbonic anhydrase". J. Biol. Chem. 262 ... Keilin, D. and Mann, T. (1939). "Carbonic anhydrase". Nature 144: 442-443. ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonatna_dehidrataza

Anti-glaucoma: adrenergic agonists, beta-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/hyperosmotics, cholinergics, miotics, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical

Carbonic anhydrase. *Fumarase. *Aconitase. *Enolase *Alpha. *Enolase 2. *Enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-Hydroxyacyl ACP dehydrase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphogluconate_dehydratase

carbonic anhydrase（英语：carbonic anhydrase） (chloride shift（英语：chloride shift）) ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/氧气中毒

... which is rapidly converted to hydrogen and bicarbonate through the action of carbonic anhydrase.[58] When the ECF pH falls ( ... The bicarbonate buffer system regulates the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate to be equal to 1:20, at which ratio the blood ... This is tightly regulated to ensure that there is no excessive build-up of carbonic acid or bicarbonate. The overall effect is ... The hydrogen ions combine with the excess bicarbonate ions in the plasma, once again forming an excess of carbonic acid which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_homeostasis

... secretes carbonic anhydrase (gustin), which is thought to play a role in the development of taste buds.[9] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliva

Through the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, carbon dioxide reacts with water to give carbonic acid, which decomposes into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin_deficiency

Band 3 - also assembles various glycolytic enzymes, the presumptive CO2 transporter, and carbonic anhydrase into a ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cells

... a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Lithium was previously used for treatment of PPD as a direct competitive ADH agonist, but is now ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_polydipsia

Carbonic anhydrase. DNA polymerase A simple [Fe2S2] cluster containing two iron atoms and two sulfur atoms, coordinated by four ...

https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofactor_

The reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase is: HCO3- + H+ ↽. −. ⇀. {\displaystyle {\ce {,=,,}}}. CO2 + H2O. Carbonic acid has ... Cadmium-containing carbonic anhydraseEdit. Marine diatoms have been found to express a new form of ζ carbonic anhydrase. T. ... Several forms of carbonic anhydrase occur in nature. In the best-studied α-carbonic anhydrase form present in animals, the zinc ... Differences from other carbonic anhydrasesEdit. Unlike most other carbonic anhydrases, the active site metal ion is not bound ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_anhydrase

An enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, located within the carboxysome releases CO2 from the dissolved hydrocarbonate ions (HCO−. 3). ... 3 ions are made from CO2 outside the cell by another carbonic anhydrase and are actively pumped into the cell by a membrane ... and within the cytosol they turn back into CO2 very slowly without the help of carbonic anhydrase. This causes the HCO−. 3 ions ... for the biological process of synthesis of complex carbon compounds out of carbonic acid, in the presence of chlorophyll, under ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis

... which acts by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, and it reduces CSF production by six to 57 percent. It can cause the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_Intracranial_Hypertension

1995). «The carbonic anhydrase domain of receptor tyrosine phosphatase beta is a functional ligand for the axonal cell ...

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNTN1

"The carbonic anhydrase domain of receptor tyrosine phosphatase beta is a functional ligand for the axonal cell recognition ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/کانتکتین_۱

Zinc required for several enzymes such as carboxypeptidase, liver alcohol dehydrogenase, and carbonic anhydrase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/. (sulfonamides). *Acetazolamide. *Brinzolamide (+timolol). *Diclofenamide. *Dorzolamide (+ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levobunolol

carbonic anhydrase (chloride shift). *oxyhemoglobin. *respiratory quotient. *arterial blood gas. *diffusion capacity (DLCO) ... Only CO2 levels affect this as it can diffuse across, reacting with H2O to form carbonic acid and thus decrease pH. Central ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_chemoreceptors

Fluid production can be decreased by beta blockers, alpha2-agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.[7] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_humor

carbonic anhydrase (chloride shift). *oxyhemoglobin. *respiratory quotient. *arterial blood gas. *diffusion capacity (DLCO) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zones_of_the_lung

... or direct vasodilator actions either through inhibition of carbonic anhydrase or by desensitizing the vascular smooth muscle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiazide

Raymond H & Swenson E (2000). "The distribution and physiological significance of carbonic anhydrase in vertebrate gas exchange ...

https://or.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ଫୁସଫୁସ

The reaction is therefore catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme inside the red blood cells.[21] The reaction can go in ... Henry RP, Swenson ER (June 2000). "The distribution and physiological significance of carbonic anhydrase in vertebrate gas ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory

Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome Carbon baby syndrome Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency Carcinoid syndrome Carcinoma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(C)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CA_9

Several forms of carbonic anhydrase occur in nature. In the best-studied α-carbonic anhydrase form present in animals, the zinc ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Badger MR, Price GD (1994). "The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant ... Carbonic anhydrase could in principle prove relevant to carbon capture. Some carbonic anhydrases can withstand temperatures up ... Class one being alpha carbonic anhydrase which is found in mammals, class two being beta carbonic anhydrase which is found in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_anhydrase

Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency is an inherited disorder characterized by episodes during which the balance of certain ... Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase deficiencies. Annu Rev Biochem. 1995;64:375-401. Review. Citation on PubMed ... Hyperammonemia due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency. *Hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency ... medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carbonic-anhydrase-va-deficiency/ Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carbonic-anhydrase-va-deficiency

... people with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency have excess ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia), problems with acid-base balance ... Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency is an inherited disorder characterized by episodes during which the balance of certain ... Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase deficiencies. Annu Rev Biochem. 1995;64:375-401. Review. Citation on PubMed ... Hyperammonemia due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency. *Hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carbonic-anhydrase-va-deficiency/

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13996562?dopt=Abstract

Carbonic anhydrase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA4 gene. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of ... "Carbonic anhydrase IV from human lung. Purification, characterization, and comparison with membrane carbonic anhydrase from ... Other forms of carbonic anhydrase enzyme are not present in the plasma, restricting the equilibrium reaction of CO2+H2O = H2CO3 ... "Entrez Gene: CA4 carbonic anhydrase IV". Sterling D, Alvarez BV, Casey JR (Jul 2002). "The extracellular component of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_anhydrase_4

Carbonic anhydrase superfamily (IPR036874). Short name: Carbonic_anhydrase_sf Overlapping entries *Carbonic anhydrase ( ... Carbonic anhydrases (EC:4.2.1.1) (CA) are zinc metalloenzymes which catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. In ... Carbonic anhydrase in Escherichia coli. A product of the cyn operon.. J. Biol. Chem. 267 3731-4 1992 ... A gene homologous to chloroplast carbonic anhydrase (icfA) is essential to photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation by ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR036874

Alpha carbonic anhydrase domain (IPR001148). Short name: CA_dom Overlapping homologous superfamilies *Alpha carbonic anhydrase ... Carbonic anhydrases--an overview.. Curr. Pharm. Des. 14 603-14 2008. Smith KS, Ferry JG. Prokaryotic carbonic anhydrases.. FEMS ... A carbonic anhydrase-like domain with striking homology to that of the alpha class carbonic anhydrases is also found in ... Carbonic anhydrases (CA: EC:4.2.1.1) are zinc metalloenzymes which catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR001148

A carbonic anhydrase from the archaeon Methanosarcina thermophila. B E Alber and J G Ferry ... Carbonic anhydrase (CA) from acetate-grown Methanosarcina thermophila was purified , 10,000-fold (22% recovery) to apparent ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/91/15/6909?ijkey=03714ac0bf116aa9030225c2f8c6603f0adb7313&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Structural analysis of inhibitor binding to human carbonic anhydrase II.. Boriack-Sjodin, P.A., Zeitlin, S., Chen, H.H., ... X-ray crystal structures of carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) complexed with sulfonamide inhibitors illuminate the structural ... X-ray crystal structures of carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) complexed with sulfonamide inhibitors illuminate the structural ... the newest carbonic anhydrase inhibitor approved for the treatment of glaucoma.. Organizational Affiliation: Department of ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1bnq

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a seemingly ubiquitous enzyme of profound physiological importance, which plays essential roles in ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibition in ophthalmology: Carbonic anhydrases in cornea, lens, retina and lacrimal gland ... The Carbonic Anhydrases. New Horizons. Editors: Chegwidden, W.R., Carter, N.D., Edwards, Y.H. (Eds.) ... Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a seemingly ubiquitous enzyme of profound physiological importance, which plays essential roles in ...

https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783764356705

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are zinc enzymes acting as efficient catalysts for the reversible hydration of carbon ... Carbonic anhydrases as targets for medicinal chemistry.. Supuran CT1, Scozzafava A. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17475500

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_anhydrase

Carbonic anhydrase 2. A. 260. Homo sapiens. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: CA2. EC: 4.2.1.1. ... which have been investigated for the inhibition of five physiologically relevant human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) ... which have been investigated for the inhibition of five physiologically relevant human carbonic a ... ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3NI5

Compare carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants. View important safety information, ratings, user reviews, popularity and ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants. What are Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants. Carbonic anhydrase ... inhibitor anticonvulsants inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Generally carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used to treat ... Home › Drug Classes › Central Nervous System Agents › Anticonvulsants › Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Anticonvulsants ...

https://www.drugs.com/drug-class/carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitor-anticonvulsants.html

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease aqueous production by inhibiting ion transport associated with the secretion of aqueous ... Adequate inhibition of carbonic anhydrase with systemic administration has been shown to cause a decrease in aqueous humor ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease aqueous production by inhibiting ion transport associated with the secretion of aqueous ...

https://www.aao.org/image/systemic-carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitors

Helping you find trustworthy answers on Intraocular Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor , Latest evidence made easy ... Find all the evidence you need on Intraocular Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor via the Trip Database. ... steroids, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, or warfarin/heparin within 1 month prior to the Screening visit or anticipated use at ... If intraocular pressure is still elevated, a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor should be added. In patients with sickle cell ...

https://www.tripdatabase.com/search?criteria=Intraocular+Carbonic+Anhydrase+Inhibitor&page=9

Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)-deficient mice were created to study the syndrome of CAII deficiency in humans including ... Expression of carbonic anhydrase IV in carbonic anhydrase II-deficient mice. Am J Physiol 42:F234-F245Google Scholar ... Carbonic anhydrase II Osteopetrosis Renal tubular acidosis Osteoclast Osteoblast This is a preview of subscription content, log ... Whyte MP (1993) Carbonic anhydrase-II deficiency. Clin Orthop Relat Res 294:52-63PubMedGoogle Scholar ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00223-007-9098-x

Romanova AK, Rusinova NG, Kornitskaya VM (1972) Participation of carbonic anhydrase in chemosynthetic assimilation of carbonic ... Graham D (1982) Carbonic anhydrases (carbonate dehydratases) from plants. In: Mitsui A, Black CC (eds) CRC handbook of biosolar ... Hogetsu D, Miyachi S (1979) Role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthetic CO2 fixation in Chlorella. Pl Cell Physiol 220:747-756 ... Graham D, Reed M (1971) Carbonic anhydrase and the regulation of photosynthesis. Nature (New Biol) 231:81-83Google Scholar ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00454945

ESCUDERO-ALMANZA, Dalila Jacqueline et al. Carbonic Anhydrase and Zinc in Plant Physiology. Chilean J. Agric. Res. [online]. ... Carbonic anhydrase (CA) (EC: 2.4.1.1) catalyzes the rapid conversion of carbon dioxide plus water into a proton and the ... Carbonic anhydrase is a metalloenzyme that requires Zn as a cofactor and is involved in diverse biological processes including ...

http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0718-58392012000100022&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

... have been demonstrated to physically and/or functionally interact with isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA) to form a transport ... monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 is enhanced by extracellular carbonic anhydrase IV but not by intracellular carbonic anhydrase ... Extracellular loop 4 of the human AE1 Cl−/HCO−3 exchanger binds carbonic anhydrase IV. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 25239-25246. doi: ... Not only that most of the H+ and HCO−3 carrying transporters interact with one or several isoforms of carbonic anhydrase, the ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2013.00291/full

Carbonic Anhydrase I from human erythrocytes for your research needs. Find product specific information including CAS, MSDS, ... Carbonic Anhydrase I from human erythrocytes Synonym: Carbonate Dehydratase, Carbonate Hydrolyase, Carbonic Anhydrase Isozyme I ... Carbonic Anhydrase, Cell Signaling Enzymes, Enzyme Class Index, Enzymes, Inhibitors, and Substrates, Human Carbonic Anhydrase, ... Carbonic anhydrase from human erythrocytes (HCA) has been used to study the molten-globule state of carbonic anhydrase (CA). ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/c4396?lang=en®ion=US

... carbonic anhydrase has not only been found in virtually all mammalian tissues but is also … ... Carbonic anhydrases catalyze the reversible hydration of CO(2) [CO(2)+H(2)Oright harpoon over left harpoon HCO(3)(-)+H(+)]. ... Prokaryotic Carbonic Anhydrases FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2000 Oct;24(4):335-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00546.x. ... some prokaryotes contain multiple genes encoding carbonic anhydrases from the same class. The presence of multiple carbonic ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10978542/?dopt=Abstract

A key component to this tumor microenvironment is carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX). Knockdown of CA IX expression or inhibition of ... Keywords: carbonic anhydrase IX; tumor hypoxia; prodrug; sulfonamide; RNAi-technology; cancer carbonic anhydrase IX; tumor ... Mahon, B.P.; Pinard, M.A.; McKenna, R. Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX Activity and Expression. Molecules 2015, 20, 2323-2348. ... A key component to this tumor microenvironment is carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX). Knockdown of CA IX expression or inhibition of ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/2/2323

... such as the Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1). CAs reversibly catalyze the fundamental reaction of CO2 hydration to ... Keywords: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs); metalloenzymes; phenols; polyphenols; flavonoids carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ... Phenols and Polyphenols as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors by Anastasia Karioti 1,*, Fabrizio Carta 2. and Claudiu T. Supuran 2,* ... Karioti, A.; Carta, F.; Supuran, C.T. Phenols and Polyphenols as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Molecules 2016, 21, 1649. ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/12/1649

Elevated serum anti-carbonic anhydrase II antibodies in patients with ulcerative colitis ... The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of anti-carbonic anhydrase (CA) I and anti-CA II antibodies in a series of ...

https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/sp/ijmm/2002/00000009/00000005/art00009

Rabbit recombinant monoclonal Carbonic Anhydrase IX antibody [SP106] validated for IHC, Flow Cyt and tested in Human. Immunogen ... Anti-Carbonic Anhydrase IX antibody [SP106]. See all Carbonic Anhydrase IX primary antibodies. ... Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.. Contains 1 alpha-carbonic anhydrase domain. ... Flow cytometric analysis of rabbit anti-Carbonic Anhydrase IX (SP106) antibody ab105226 (1/100) in HT29 cells (green) compared ...

http://www.abcam.com/carbonic-anhydrase-ix-antibody-sp106-ab105226.html

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs I-VII) are products of a gene family that encodes seven isozymes and several homologous, CA- related ... Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase deficiencies Annu Rev Biochem. 1995;64:375-401. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi. ... Carbonic anhydrases (CAs I-VII) are products of a gene family that encodes seven isozymes and several homologous, CA- related ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7574487/

References for Abcams Anti-Carbonic Anhydrase IX antibody (ab10471). Please let us know if you have used this product in your ...

http://www.abcam.com/carbonic-anhydrase-ix-antibody-ab10471-references.html

Compare carbonic anhydrase 8 ELISA Kits from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, prices, citations, reviews, ... carbonic anhydrase 8 ELISA Kits. The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a well-established antibody-based tool for ... Your search returned 19 carbonic anhydrase 8 ELISA ELISA Kit across 5 suppliers. ...

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Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase are used to treat glaucoma, the excessive build up of water in the eyes. (wikipedia.org)
X-ray crystal structures of carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) complexed with sulfonamide inhibitors illuminate the structural determinants of high affinity binding in the nanomolar regime. (rcsb.org)
Generally carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used to treat epilepsy , glaucoma , mountain sickness, and is used as a diuretic. (drugs.com)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease aqueous production by inhibiting ion transport associated with the secretion of aqueous humor. (aao.org)
Osmotic agents and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are part of established protocols at many centers. (tripdatabase.com)
Müller cells have bicarbonate-related transport mechanisms that control movement of potassium and sodium ions (and thus fluid), partly explaining the role for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as acetazolamide in the treatment of cystoid macular edema. (tripdatabase.com)
1.Cowan RA, Hartnell GG, Lowdell CP, Baird IM, Leak AM. Metabolic acidosis induced by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and salicylates in patients with normal renal function. (webmd.com)
Toxicity of combined therapy with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and aspirin. (webmd.com)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used to treat glaucoma. (mayoclinic.org)
Medications used to decrease aqueous production include beta-blockers (topical), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (topical and/or oral), and alpha 2-agonists. (medscape.com)
Zinc Binding Functions in the Design of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Jean-Yves Winum, Jean-Louis Montero, Andrea Scozzafava, and Claudiu T. (thefreedictionary.com)
X-Ray Crystallography of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Its Importance in Drug Design (Vincenzo Alterio, Anna Di Fiore, Katia D'Ambrosio, Claudiu T. (thefreedictionary.com)
Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (dorzolamide, brinzolamide) are used as second-line therapy in the treatment of POAG. (thefreedictionary.com)
Many current treatments to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with glaucoma -- beta blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors --work by suppressing the production or inflow of fluid (aqueous humor). (thefreedictionary.com)
Glaucoma Pharmaceuticals Markets, forecasts the market and identifies key issues, trends, and competitive analysis for such products as: pilocarpine drugs, andrenergic agonists, beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) and prostaglandin analogues. (thefreedictionary.com)
Which medications in the drug class Antiglaucoma, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors are used in the treatment of Sturge-Weber Syndrome? (medscape.com)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors typically have a weaker effect than beta blockers. (medscape.com)
Carborane-based compounds have emerged as promising lead structures for the development of carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors. (linkos.cz)
Diamox (acetazolamide), Pentazane (methazolamide), and other agents used in the treatment of glaucoma and diseases of the retina and nervous system are examples of especially active carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (thefreedictionary.com)
Water permeability of AQP1 cRNA injected oocytes was inhibited by three different carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (arvojournals.org)
TY - JOUR T1 - 4-Functionalized 1,3-diarylpyrazoles bearing 6-aminosulfonylbenzothiazole moiety as potent inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase isoforms hCA I, II, IX and XII. (unboundmedicine.com)

Structure-activity relationships rationalize affinity trends observed during the development of brinzolamide (Azopt), the newest carbonic anhydrase inhibitor approved for the treatment of glaucoma. (rcsb.org)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. (drugs.com)
dorzolamide/timolol) Alpha agonist/ carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (eg, brimonidine/brinzolamide) Laser therapy Laser can be used as primary or adjunctive treatment. (tripdatabase.com)
This book offers deep insights into the thermodynamics and molecular structures of the twelve catalytically active isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase (CA) with a particular focus on inhibitor binding for drug design. (springer.com)
Dorzolamide is a reversible carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that may decrease aqueous humor secretion, causing a decrease in IOP. (medscape.com)
Intrinsic thermodynamics of sulfonamide inhibitor binding to human carbonic anhydrases I and II. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The purpose of this paper is to present a novel ophthalmic composition comprising a hyperbranched polymer with carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI). (arvojournals.org)
Earlier reports have claimed that acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor, inhibits AQP1 activity. (arvojournals.org)

Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9/CAIX) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA9 gene . (wikipedia.org)
Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency is caused by mutations in the CA5A gene. (medlineplus.gov)
This gene provides instructions for making the carbonic anhydrase VA enzyme, which helps convert carbon dioxide to a substance called bicarbonate. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the CA5A gene result in absent or impaired carbonic anhydrase VA enzyme function, leading to reduced bicarbonate production. (medlineplus.gov)
Studies suggest that a related enzyme produced from the CA5B gene may increasingly compensate for the lack of carbonic anhydrase VA as affected individuals mature, which may result in a reduced risk of metabolic crisis and acute encephalopathy after childhood. (medlineplus.gov)
A gene homologous to chloroplast carbonic anhydrase (icfA) is essential to photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation by Synechococcus PCC7942. (ebi.ac.uk)
Functional diversity, conservation, and convergence in the evolution of the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-carbonic anhydrase gene families. (ebi.ac.uk)
Lai LW, Chan DM, Erickson RP, Hsu SJ, Lien YHH (1998) Correction of renal tubular acidosis in carbonic anhydrase II-deficient mice with gene therapy. (springer.com)
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs I-VII) are products of a gene family that encodes seven isozymes and several homologous, CA- related proteins. (nih.gov)
SHUES1 was the presence of carbonic anhydrase gene in it. (frontiersin.org)
A gene on chromosome 16q22.1 that encodes a carbonic anhydrase, a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyses the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. (thefreedictionary.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is one of several isozymes of carbonic anhydrase. (thermofisher.com)
Using a paleogenomics approach, including gene- and protein-expression techniques and phylogenetic reconstruction, we show that a molecular component of this toolkit was the precursor to the α-carbonic anhydrases (α-CAs), a gene family used by extant animals in a variety of fundamental physiological processes. (sciencemag.org)
The CA8 gene encodes carbonic anhydrase VIII (CARP VIII), which is part of a family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of bicarbonate. (cags.org.ae)
Nonetheless, the gene product continues to carry a carbonic anhydrase designation because it showed a clear sequence identity to other members of the carbonic anhydrase gene family. (cags.org.ae)
Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome or Marble brain disease (MBD) is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) gene. (diva-portal.org)
The rare disease marble brain disease (MBD) also known as carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome (CADS) can manifest in carriers of point mutations in the human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) gene. (diva-portal.org)

Girentuximab , an antibody to carbonic anhydrase IX, is an investigational agent in clinical trials for renal cell carcinoma . (wikipedia.org)
Flow cytometric analysis of rabbit anti-Carbonic Anhydrase IX (SP106) antibody ab105226 (1/100) in HT29 cells (green) compared to negative control of rabbit IgG (blue). (abcam.com)
We offer Carbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9 Antibody Pairs for use in common research applications: Sandwich ELISA. (novusbio.com)
Each Carbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9 Antibody Pair is fully covered by our Guarantee+, to give you complete peace of mind and the support when you need it. (novusbio.com)
Our Carbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9 Antibody Pairs can be used in a variety of model species: Human. (novusbio.com)
Choose from our Carbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9 Antibody Pairs. (novusbio.com)
Carbonic Anhydrase VB/CA5B Polyclonal antibody specifically detects Carbonic Anhydrase VB/CA5B in Human samples. (fishersci.com)
The following product was used in this experiment: Carbonic Anhydrase VI Monoclonal Antibody (401809) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA5-24136, RRID AB_2609157. (thermofisher.com)
The following product was used in this experiment: Carbonic Anhydrase II Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (2) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA5-30206, RRID AB_2785968. (thermofisher.com)
This antibody has specificity for Mouse Carbonic Anhydrase II/CA2. (thermofisher.com)
IHC-P analysis of human spleen using GTX88385 Carbonic Anhydrase 1 antibody, Internal. (genetex.com)
WB analysis of human liver lysate using GTX88385 Carbonic Anhydrase 1 antibody, Internal. (genetex.com)

The most critical function of Carbonic anhydrase is said to preserve acid-base balance in blood and other tissues, and to help convey carbon dioxide of tissues. (news-medical.net)

CAIX is a transmembrane protein and is a tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme. (wikipedia.org)
This superfamily also includes the Bacillus subtilis protein YbcF that does not seem to be able to bind zinc, which all carbonic anhydrases are thought to require, and a carbon disulfide hydrolase from acidothermophilic archaeon Acidianus, which has a typical carbonic anhydrase fold and active site but does not use CO(2) as a substrate [ PMID: 22012399 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
A carbonic anhydrase-like domain with striking homology to that of the alpha class carbonic anhydrases is also found in receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase gamma and zeta. (ebi.ac.uk)
Crystal structure of the dimeric extracellular domain of human carbonic anhydrase XII, a bitopic membrane protein overexpressed in certain cancer tumor cells. (ebi.ac.uk)
In every living organism, the protein family of carbonic anhydrases regulate a broad variety of homeostatic processes. (biomedsearch.com)
People who hyperventilate deplete their levels of red cell carbonic anhydrase and the ratio between the activity and the protein gives us a good indication of whether or not hyperventilation is a problem. (drmyhill.co.uk)
moreover, a protein cross-reacting to antiserum raised against the γ carbonic anhydrase from Methanosarcina thermophila was detected. (asm.org)
Carbonicanhydrase is a metallo-protein containing zinc. (thefreedictionary.com)

The effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition with acetazolamide (Acz, 10 mg/kg) on the ventilatory response to an abrupt switch into hyperoxia (end-tidal PO2 = 450 Torr) and hypoxia (end-tidal PO2 = 50 Torr) was examined in five male subjects [30 +/- 3 (SE) yr]. (biomedsearch.com)

Several aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamide scaffolds have been used to synthesize compounds incorporating NO-donating moieties of the nitrate ester type, which have been investigated for the inhibition of five physiologically relevant human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms: hCA I (offtarget), II, IV and XII (antiglaucoma targets) and IX (antitumor target). (rcsb.org)
Band3), the Na + /H + exchanger NHE1, the Na + /HCO − 3 cotransporter NBCe1, and various monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) have been demonstrated to physically and/or functionally interact with isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA) to form a "transport metabolon. (frontiersin.org)
There are 15 carbonic anhydrase isoforms in humans (belonging to the α subgroup) [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Carbonic anhydrases from mammals (including the 10 active human isoforms) ( 22 , 39 ) together with the two periplasmic enzymes from the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ( 16 , 17 ) belong to the α class. (asm.org)
Sulfonamides incorporating 1,3,5-triazine moieties selectively and potently inhibit carbonic anhydrase transmembrane isoforms IX, XII and XIV over cytosolic isoforms I and II: Solution and X-ray crystallographic studies. (nih.gov)
Inhibition studies of physiologically relevant human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms, such as CA I, II, IX, XII and XIV with these compounds are reported. (nih.gov)

The carbonic anhydrase VA enzyme is particularly important in the liver, where it provides bicarbonate needed by four enzymes in the energy-producing centers of cells (mitochondria). (medlineplus.gov)
Insufficient bicarbonate results in impaired control of acid-base balance and reduces the activity of the four affected mitochondrial enzymes, resulting in the various biochemical abnormalities associated with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and hydrogen ions). (wikipedia.org)
Carbonic anhydrase is one of the fastest enzymes, and its rate is typically limited by the diffusion rate of its substrates. (wikipedia.org)
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are zinc enzymes acting as efficient catalysts for the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. (nih.gov)
Carbonic anhydrases constitute a group of enzymes that catalyse reversible hydration of carbon dioxide leading to the formation of bicarbonate and proton. (hindawi.com)
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) are enzymes which catalyze the interconversion of CO2 and water to bicarbonate and proton. (proteopedia.org)
There are two enzymes, urease, and carbonic anhydrase, that play an important role in the MICP process. (frontiersin.org)
The structure of the prototype γ carbonic anhydrase from M. thermophila has recently been solved and found to be entirely different from those of the α-class enzymes ( 31 ). (asm.org)
Although a three-dimensional structure has yet to be determined for a β carbonic anhydrase, extended X-ray absorption fine structure and circular dichroism of the plant enzyme indicate that the zinc coordination and overall structure are quite different from those for either the α- or γ-class enzymes ( 10 , 42 ). (asm.org)
Carbonic anhydrase (carbonate dehydratase) is a family of metalloenzymes (enzymes that contain one or more metal atoms as a functional component of the enzyme) that catalyze the rapid (and reversible) conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons, a reaction that occurs rather slowly in the absence of a catalyst. (prospecbio.com)
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) (EC 4.2.1.1) enzymes catalyze the reversible hydration of CO 2 , a reaction that is important in many physiological processes. (plantphysiol.org)
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration reaction of carbon dioxide. (uta.fi)

The CAIs inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which in turn, reduces aqueous humor formation. (medrounds.org)

Dorzolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes, which decreases aqueous humor formation. (medscape.com)

The enzyme Carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) belongs to the enzyme group that catalyzes rapid inter-conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid, bicarbonate, and protons (CO 2 + H 2 O to HCO 3 + H), a reaction that takes place rather gradually in the absence of a catalyst. (news-medical.net)
In C 4 photosynthesis, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) hydrates CO 2 to form bicarbonate, which is the first catalyzed step in the C 4 photosynthetic pathway ( Badger, 1994 ). (plantphysiol.org)

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme that assists rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid, protons, and bicarbonate ions. (ihcworld.com)
An enzyme which aids carbon dioxide transport and release by catalyzing the synthesis, and the dehydration, of carbonic acid from, and to, carbon dioxide and water. (thefreedictionary.com)
carboanhydrase, carbonate hydrolase, an enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the reversible formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water: CO 2 + H 2 O ⇄H 2 CO 3 . (thefreedictionary.com)

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. (wikipedia.org)
Carbonic anhydrases ( EC:4.2.1.1 ) (CA) are zinc metalloenzymes which catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. (ebi.ac.uk)
The majority of carbonic anhydrases enclose a zinc ion in their active site and thus is categorized as metalloenzymes. (news-medical.net)
Carbonic anhydrases (CA) are zinc metalloenzymes that are present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (biomedsearch.com)
The carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and a proton. (coronetbooks.com)

Human carbonic anhydrase (CA) I and II are cytosolic proteins, where their expression disorders can cause diseases such as glaucoma, edema, epilepsy or cancer. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The Arabidopsis CAH1 alpha-type carbonic anhydrase is one of the few plant proteins known to be targeted to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway. (diva-portal.org)

Carbonic anhydrase isozyme CA3 protects cells against oxidative stress. (scirp.org)
By this second component of the mechanism, the same stimulus directly acts on the carbonic anhydrase I isozyme (that might be functionally coupled with adrenergic receptors), so that its activation ensures an adequate pH for stimulus-receptor coupling for signal transduction into the cell, resulting in vasoconstriction. (scielo.br)
Carbonic anhydrase isozyme II (CA II) is a cytosolic enzyme that is highly expressed in most organs, including the brain, where it is mainly located in the oligodendrocytes. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
A recent study on dendritic cell therapy for melanoma patients identified carbonic anhydrase isozyme II (CA II) as a potential target antigen. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Prokaryotic carbonic anhydrases. (ebi.ac.uk)
Recent work has shown that carbonic anhydrase is widespread in metabolically diverse species from both the Archaea and Bacteria domains indicating that the enzyme has a more extensive and fundamental role in prokaryotic biology than previously recognized. (nih.gov)
Even though most of the information known about the function(s) of carbonic anhydrase primarily relates to its role in cyanobacterial CO(2) fixation, the prokaryotic enzyme has also been shown to function in cyanate degradation and the survival of intracellular pathogens within their host. (nih.gov)
Investigations into prokaryotic carbonic anhydrase have already led to the identification of a new class (gamma) and future research will undoubtedly reveal novel functions for carbonic anhydrase in prokaryotes. (nih.gov)
Carbonic anhydrase is present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (hindawi.com)
Carbonic anhydrase is nearly ubquitous in highly evolved eukaryotes, but until recently the enzyme was thought to play a minor role in prokaryotic physiology ( 48 ). (asm.org)
Four prokaryotic carbonic anhydrases from species in the Bacteria domain, two belonging to the α class and two belonging to the β class, have been described ( 13 , 20 , 49 , 50 ). (asm.org)

In the context of our program of photochromic pharmacophores we were interested in the exploration of azobenzene-containing sulfonamides to block the catalytic activity of human carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII). (uni-muenchen.de)

Structure and mechanism of carbonic anhydrase. (ebi.ac.uk)
Lindskog S. Structure and mechanism of carbonic anhydrase. (proteopedia.org)
A review is provided focusing on the sequence of elementary reactions ensuing a catalytic reaction (catalytic mechanism) of carbonic anhydrase. (novapublishers.com)

Ingle R, Colman B (1976) The relationship between carbonic anhydrase activity and glycolate excretion in the blue-green alga Coccochloris peniocystis . (springer.com)
In this compilation, the authors address the relationship between carbonic anhydrase IX and hypoxia. (novapublishers.com)

La cuticule de l'écrevisse Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) contient plusieurs isoenzymes extracellulaires de l'anhydrase carbonique (CA), qui ont été isolées et purifiées par chromatographie. (brillonline.com)
Les poids moléculaires estimées en utilisant PAGE, ont révélé une isoenzyme avec un poids moléculaire de 29 kDa, qui est analogue à celle trouvée chez les Vertébrés, et deux plus grands isoenzymes (53 et 66 kDa). (brillonline.com)
In addition, there are given some chemical and kinetic basis and technical details related to phenolic antioxidant compounds and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes. (eurekaselect.com)

Carbonic anhydrase is a metalloenzyme that requires Zn as a cofactor and is involved in diverse biological processes including pH regulation, CO 2 transfer, ionic exchange, respiration, CO 2 photosynthetic fixation, and stomatal closure. (scielo.cl)
Carbonic anhydrase is a zinc metalloenzyme that has a molecular weight of approximately 30,000 Da. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Carbonic anhydrases catalyze the reversible hydration of CO(2) [CO(2)+H(2)Oright harpoon over left harpoon HCO(3)(-)+H(+)]. Since the discovery of this zinc (Zn) metalloenzyme in erythrocytes over 65 years ago, carbonic anhydrase has not only been found in virtually all mammalian tissues but is also abundant in plants and green unicellular algae. (nih.gov)

Class one being alpha carbonic anhydrase which is found in mammals, class two being beta carbonic anhydrase which is found in bacteria and plants and lastly, class three which is gamma carbonic anhydrase which is found in methanogen bacteria in hot springs. (wikipedia.org)
For full entry on γ-carbonic anhydrase see Gamma Carbonic Anhydrase . (proteopedia.org)

Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family. (abcam.com)
Contains 1 alpha-carbonic anhydrase domain. (abcam.com)

In addition, some prokaryotes contain multiple genes encoding carbonic anhydrases from the same class. (nih.gov)
β-carbonic anhydrase are found in prokaryotes. (proteopedia.org)
These results show that β-class carbonic anhydrases extend not only into the Archaea domain but also into the thermophilic prokaryotes. (asm.org)

During the past 10 years, immunocytochemical methods have been used for localization of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in glial cells and myelin in the mammalian central nervous system. (springer.com)

Graham D, Reed M (1971) Carbonic anhydrase and the regulation of photosynthesis. (springer.com)
These studies have also demonstrated the involvement of carbonic anhydrase in the regulation of vascular and secretory processes in the organism (14). (scielo.br)
cDNA cloning, sequence, and expression of carbonic anhydrase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: regulation by environmental CO2 concentration. (pnas.org)
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the hydration of CO 2 , and its activity has been linked to stomatal aperture regulation in eudicots. (plantphysiol.org)

Tashian RE (1992) Genetics of the mammalian carbonic-anhydrases. (springer.com)

Carbonic anhydrase is a zinc-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO 2 (CO 2 + H 2 O ⇋ HCO 3 − + H + ). In eukaryotes, the enzyme participates in various physiological functions, which include the interconversion of CO 2 and HCO 3 − during photosynthesis and intermediary metabolism, facilitated diffusion of CO 2 , pH homeostasis, and ion transport ( 5 , 45 ). (asm.org)

Identification of a carbonic anhydrase-like domain in the extracellular region of RPTP gamma defines a new subfamily of receptor tyrosine phosphatases. (ebi.ac.uk)
In the CA1 region of the hippocampus, stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals elicits an alkaline pH e transient in stratum radiatum that is limited by extracellular carbonic anhydrase (ECA). (jneurosci.org)
This form of alkalosis increases when extracellular carbonic anhydrase (ECA) is inhibited by drugs such as benzolamide ( Chen and Chesler, 1992b ). (jneurosci.org)
CAIX is a transmembrane isoform of carbonic anhydrase with an extracellular-facing catalytic site and therefore is well positioned to act in the control of tumor pH, and is overexpressed in various solid tumors. (linkos.cz)
The cuticle of the freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852), has several extracellular, cuticular isozymes for carbonic anhydrase (CA) which were isolated and purified via affinity chromatography. (brillonline.com)
We have hypothesized that carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play a role in stabilizing both intracellular and extracellular pH to favor cancer progression and metastasis. (portlandpress.com)

Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)-deficient mice were created to study the syndrome of CAII deficiency in humans including osteopetrosis, renal tubular acidosis, and cerebral calcification. (springer.com)
The platelet carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) was described for the first time in the '80s of the last century. (hindawi.com)

Ohlsson A, Cumming WA, Paul A, Sly WS (1986) Carbonic anhydrase-II deficiency syndrome -recessive osteopetrosis with renal tubular-acidosis and cerebral calcification. (springer.com)
Lewis SE, Erickson RP, Barnett LB, Venta PJ, Tashian RE (1988) N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea induced null mutation at the mouse car-2 locus-an animal-model for human carbonic anhydrase-II deficiency syndrome. (springer.com)
Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome is a recessive disorder that causes osteopetrosis, renal acidosis and cerebral calcification. (proteopedia.org)

The delta cynT chromosomal mutant expressed an active cyanase but no active carbonic anhydrase. (asm.org)

The main role of carbonic anhydrase in humans is to catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and back again. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, the role of carbonic anhydrase depends on where it is found in the body. (wikipedia.org)
Hogetsu D, Miyachi S (1979) Role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthetic CO 2 fixation in Chlorella . (springer.com)

Mammalian carbonic anhydrase is monomeric and is a part of the alpha class. (news-medical.net)

Graham D (1982) Carbonic anhydrases (carbonate dehydratases) from plants. (springer.com)

The enzyme catalyzes the hydration of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a zinc-enzyme discovered by Meldrum and Roughton in 1932 which catalyzes the reversible hydration reaction of CO 2 , having a main role in the maintenance of acid-basic equilibrium (7). (scielo.br)
Catalyzes reversible reaction involving hydration of carbon dioxide and dehydration of carbonic acid. (medscape.com)
Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. (thermofisher.com)
Although CA8 has a central carbonic anhydrase motif, it lacks classical carbonic anhydrase activity (i.e., the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide) due to the absence of one or more histidine residues required for binding to the zinc ion, which is critical for CO2 hydration activity. (cags.org.ae)

A key component to this tumor microenvironment is carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX). (mdpi.com)

Carbonic anhydrase helps maintain acid-base homeostasis, regulate pH, and fluid balance. (wikipedia.org)
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a seemingly ubiquitous enzyme of profound physiological importance, which plays essential roles in respiration, acid-base homeostasis, bone resorption, calcification, photosynthesis, several biosynthetic pathways and a variety of processes involving ion, gas and fluid transfer. (springer.com)
Carbonic anhydrase 5 regulates acid-base homeostasis in zebrafish. (biomedsearch.com)

Carbonic anhydrase in bacteria. (nih.gov)
however, only nine alpha class carbonic anhydrase genes have thus far been found in the Bacteria domain and none in the Archaea domain. (nih.gov)
γ-carbonic anhydrase are found in methane-producing bacteria. (proteopedia.org)

Chemometrical-electrochemical investigation for comparing inhibitory effects of quercetin and its sulfonamide derivative on human carbonic anhydrase II: Theoretical and experimental evidence. (bioportfolio.com)
This paper reports results of a valuable study on investigation of inhibitory effects of the sulfonamide derivative of quercetin (QD) on human carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) by electrochemical and chemometrical approaches. (bioportfolio.com)
Synthesis of carbazole bearing pyridopyrimidine-substituted sulfonamide derivatives and studies their carbonic anhydrase enzyme activity. (bioportfolio.com)
The synthesis of carbazole containing pyridopyrimidine-substituted sulfonamide derivatives (3a-i) and their inhibitory effects on human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) I and II were studied. (bioportfolio.com)

α-carbonic anhydrase are found in mammals. (proteopedia.org)

The Human Recombinant Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) 2 preserves acid-base balance in blood and other tissues. (news-medical.net)
Carbonic anhydrase III Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli, and having a molecular mass of 33.9 kDa. (prospecbio.com)

carbonic anhydrase assists Carbonic Anhydrase I to move CO2 to and from tissues. (prospecbio.com)
Carbonic anhydrase, a zinc enzyme catalyzing the interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, is nearly ubiquitous in the tissues of highly evolved eukaryotes. (asm.org)
Carbonic anhydrases have a widespread role in regulating pH in normal tissues, by regulating hydrogen ion (H+) flux. (ihcworld.com)
Erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase provides for the bonding of CO 2 with blood in the tissues and for its rapid release in the lungs or branchia. (thefreedictionary.com)
However, carbonic anhydrase attenuated post-exercise increases in PaCO2 and decreases in pHa by about 50 % without altering arterial O2 variables, red cell swelling or the intracellular pH of the brain or muscle tissues. (biologists.org)