AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Carbonic Anhydrase InhibitorsAcetazolamideCarbonic AnhydrasesMethazolamideDichlorphenamideEthoxzolamideBenzolamideCarbonic Anhydrase IIBicarbonatesThiophenesSulfonamidesThiadiazolesCarbonic Anhydrase IIICarbon DioxideCarbonic Anhydrase ICarbonic Anhydrase IVIon ExchangeIntraocular PressureAqueous HumorTimololChloridesHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationGlaucomaDiureticsSodiumRabbitsBiological TransportCarbonic Anhydrase VPubMedMolecular StructureCrystallography, X-RayGlaucoma, Open-AngleProstanoic AcidsNevus, Sebaceous of JadassohnGenes, DominantPedigreeThermodynamicsDictionaries, MedicalAnticonvulsantsReserpinePentylenetetrazoleSeizures
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
A class of compounds that reduces the secretion of H+ ions by the proximal kidney tubule through inhibition of CARBONIC ANHYDRASES.
Acetazolamide
One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)
Carbonic Anhydrases
A family of zinc-containing enzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They play an important role in the transport of CARBON DIOXIDE from the tissues to the LUNG. EC 4.2.1.1.
Methazolamide
A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.
Dichlorphenamide
A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.
Ethoxzolamide
A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.
Benzolamide
Selective renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It may also be of use in certain cases of respiratory failure.
Carbonic Anhydrase II
A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme found widely distributed in cells of almost all tissues. Deficiencies of carbonic anhydrase II produce a syndrome characterized by OSTEOPETROSIS, renal tubular acidosis (ACIDOSIS, RENAL TUBULAR) and cerebral calcification. EC 4.2.1.-
Bicarbonates
Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.
Thiophenes
Sulfonamides
A group of compounds that contain the structure SO2NH2.
Thiadiazoles
Carbonic Anhydrase III
A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme primarily expressed in skeletal muscle (MUSCLES, SKELETAL). EC 4.2.1.-
Carbon Dioxide
A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
Carbonic Anhydrase I
A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme primarily expressed in ERYTHROCYTES, vascular endothelial cells, and the gastrointestinal mucosa. EC 4.2.1.-
Carbonic Anhydrase IV
A membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase found in lung capillaries and kidney.
Ion Exchange
Reversible chemical reaction between a solid, often one of the ION EXCHANGE RESINS, and a fluid whereby ions may be exchanged from one substance to another. This technique is used in water purification, in research, and in industry.
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.
Aqueous Humor
The clear, watery fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It has a refractive index lower than the crystalline lens, which it surrounds, and is involved in the metabolism of the cornea and the crystalline lens. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p319)
Timolol
A beta-adrenergic antagonist similar in action to PROPRANOLOL. The levo-isomer is the more active. Timolol has been proposed as an antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, antiangina, and antiglaucoma agent. It is also used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS and tremor.
Chlorides
Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Diuretics
Agents that promote the excretion of urine through their effects on kidney function.
Sodium
A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.
Rabbits
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
Biological Transport
The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.
Carbonic Anhydrase V
A carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme found in MITOCHONDRIA where it provides bicarbonate ions that are components in the urea cycle and in GLUCONEOGENESIS.
PubMed
A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.
Molecular Structure
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.
Crystallography, X-Ray
The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Glaucoma, Open-Angle
Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.
Prostanoic Acids
2-Octylcyclopentaneheptanoic acids. The family of saturated carbon-20 cyclic fatty acids that represent the parent compounds of the prostaglandins.
Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn
A syndrome characterized by lesions occurring on the face, scalp, or neck which consist of congenital hypoplastic malformations of cutaneous structures and which over time undergo verrucous hyperplasia. Additionally it is associated with neurological symptoms and skeletal, ophthalmological, urogenital, and cardiovascular abnormalities.
Genes, Dominant
Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE both in the homozygous and the heterozygous state.
Pedigree
The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.
Thermodynamics
A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)
Dictionaries, Medical
Anticonvulsants
Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity.
Reserpine
An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.
Pentylenetetrazole
A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or "seizure disorder."

Does gill boundary layer carbonic anhydrase contribute to carbon dioxide excretion: a comparison between dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). (1/420)

In vivo experiments were conducted on spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in sea water to determine the potential role of externally oriented or gill boundary layer carbonic anhydrase in carbon dioxide excretion. This was accomplished by assessing pH changes in expired water using a stopped-flow apparatus. In dogfish, expired water was in acid-base disequilibrium as indicated by a pronounced acidification (delta pH=-0.11+/-0.01; N=22; mean +/- s.e.m.) during the period of stopped flow; inspired water, however, was in acid-base equilibrium (delta pH=-0.002+/-0.01; N=22). The acid-base disequilibrium in expired water was abolished (delta pH=-0.005+/-0.01; N=6) by the addition of bovine carbonic anhydrase (5 mg l-1) to the external medium. Addition of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (1 mmol l-1) to the water significantly reduced the magnitude of the pH disequilibrium (from -0.133+/-0.03 to -0.063+/-0.02; N=4). However, after correcting for the increased buffering capacity of the water caused by acetazolamide, the acid-base disequilibrium during stopped flow was unaffected by this treatment (control delta [H+]=99.8+/-22.8 micromol l-1; acetazolamide delta [H+]=81.3+/-21.5 micromol l-1). In rainbow trout, expired water displayed an acid-base disequilibrium (delta pH=0.09+/-0.01; N=6) that also was abolished by the application of external carbonic anhydrase (delta pH=0.02+/-0.01). The origin of the expired water acid-base disequilibrium was investigated further in dogfish. Intravascular injection of acetazolamide (40 mg kg-1) to inhibit internal carbonic anhydrase activity non-specifically and thus CO2 excretion significantly diminished the extent of the expired water disequilibrium pH after 30 min (from -0.123+/-0.01 to -0.065+/-0.01; N=6). Selective inhibition of extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity using a low intravascular dose (1.3 mg kg-1) of the inhibitor benzolamide caused a significant reduction in the acid-base disequilibrium after 5 min (from -0.11+/-0.01 to -0.07+/-0. 01; N=14). These results demonstrate that the expired water acid-base disequilibrium originates, at least in part, from excretory CO2 and that extracellular carbonic anhydrase in dogfish may have a significant role in carbon dioxide excretion. However, externally oriented carbonic anhydrase (if present in dogfish) plays no role in catalysing the hydration of the excretory CO2 in water flowing over the gills and thus is unlikely to facilitate CO2 excretion.  (+info)

Synaptic activation of GABAA receptors induces neuronal uptake of Ca2+ in adult rat hippocampal slices. (2/420)

Synaptically evoked transmembrane movements of Ca2+ in the adult CNS have almost exclusively been attributed to activation of glutamate receptor channels and the consequent triggering of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Using microelectrodes for measuring free extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o) and extracellular space (ECS) volume, we show here for the first time that synaptic stimulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors can result in a decrease in [Ca2+]o in adult rat hippocampal slices. High-frequency stimulation (100-200 Hz, 0.4-0.5 s) applied in stratum radiatum close (+info)

Modulation of chloride, potassium and bicarbonate transport by muscarinic receptors in a human adenocarcinoma cell line. (3/420)

1. Short-circuit current (I(SC)) responses to carbachol (CCh) were investigated in Colony 1 epithelia, a subpopulation of the HCA-7 adenocarcinoma cell line. In Krebs-Henseleit (KH) buffer, CCh responses consisted of three I(SC) components: an unusual rapid decrease (the 10 s spike) followed by an upward spike at 30 s and a slower transient increase (the 2 min peak). This response was not potentiated by forskolin; rather, CCh inhibited cyclic AMP-stimulated I(SC). 2. In HCO3- free buffer, the decrease in forskolin-elevated I(SC) after CCh was reduced, although the interactions between CCh and forskolin remained at best additive rather than synergistic. When Cl- anions were replaced by gluconate, both Ca2+- and cyclic AMP-mediated electrogenic responses were significantly inhibited. 3. Basolateral Ba2+ (1-10 mM) and 293B (10 microM) selectively inhibited forskolin stimulation of I(SC), without altering the effects of CCh. Under Ba2+- or 293B-treated conditions, CCh responses were potentiated by pretreatment with forskolin. 4. Basolateral charybdotoxin (50 nM) significantly increased the size of the 10 s spike of CCh responses in both KH and HCO3- free medium, without affecting the 2 min peak. The enhanced 10 s spike was inhibited by prior addition of 5 mM apical Ba2+. Charybdotoxin did not affect forskolin responses. 5. In epithelial layers prestimulated with forskolin, the muscarinic antagonists atropine and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP, both at 100 nM) abolished subsequent 10 microM CCh responses. Following addition of p-fluoro hexahydro-sila-difenidol (pF-HHSiD, 10 microM) or pirenzepine (1 microM), qualitative changes in the CCh response time-profile also indicated a rightward shift of the agonist concentration-response curve; however, 1 microM gallamine had no effect. These results suggest that a single M3-like receptor subtype mediates the secretory response to CCh. 6. It is concluded that CCh and forskolin activate discrete populations of basolateral K+ channels gated by either Ca2+ or cyclic AMP, but that the Cl- permeability of the apical membrane may limit their combined effects on electrogenic Cl- secretion. In addition, CCh activates a Ba2+-sensitive apical K+ conductance leading to electrogenic K+ transport. Both agents may also modulate HCO3- secretion through a mechanism at least partially dependent on carbonic anhydrase.  (+info)

Effects of maternal acetazolamide treatment on body weights and incisor development of the fetal rat. (4/420)

The incisor development of fetal rats on gestation day 19 was well correlated with their fetal weights. The number of odontoblasts in the mandibular incisors, an index of incisor development, increased more than that of the maxillary incisors with increase in fetal body weights. Maternal acetazolamide treatments were observed to suppress the mean fetal weight and to retard incisor development. A smaller incisor size, a thinner predentin layer, and fewer odontoblasts were characteristic of the acetazolamide group. There was also a good correlation between the fetal weights and the number of odontoblasts in the acetazolamide group. From these results, we postulated that the retarded incisor development of the fetal rats caused by the maternal acetazolamide treatment was related to their suppressed fetal weights. However, the regression coefficient of the fetal weights and the number of odontoblasts in the acetazolamide group was smaller than that of the vehicle control group. It may indicate that retarded incisor development in response to maternal acetazolamide treatment is to some extent independent of suppressed fetal weight.  (+info)

Endogenous pH shifts facilitate spreading depression by effect on NMDA receptors. (5/420)

Rapid extracellular alkalinizations accompany normal neuronal activity and have been implicated in the modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Particularly large alkaline transients also occur at the onset of spreading depression (SD). To test whether these endogenous pH shifts can modulate SD, the alkaline shift was amplified using benzolamide, a poorly permeant inhibitor of interstitial carbonic anhydrase. SD was evoked by microinjection of 1.2 M KCl into the CA1 stratum radiatum of rat hippocampal slices and recorded by a proximal double-barreled pH microelectrode and a distal potential electrode. In Ringer solution of pH 7.1 containing picrotoxin (but not at a bath pH of 7.4), addition of 10 microM benzolamide increased the SD alkaline shift from 0.20 +/- 0.07 to 0.38 +/- 0.17 unit pH (means +/- SE). This was correlated with a significant shortening of the latency and an increase in the conduction velocity by 26 +/- 16%. In the presence of the NMDA receptor antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), benzolamide still amplified the alkaline transient, however, its effect on the SD latency and propagation velocity was abolished. The intrinsic modulation of SD by its alkaline transient may play an important role under focal ischemic conditions by removing the proton block of NMDA receptors where interstitial acidosis would otherwise limit NMDA receptor activity.  (+info)

Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase accounts for the direct vascular effects of hydrochlorothiazide. (6/420)

Hydrochlorothiazide has been shown to exert direct vasodilator effects by activation of calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels in human and guinea pig isolated resistance arteries. Since hydrochlorothiazide binds to and inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase and because KCa channel activation is pH sensitive, we investigated the role of intracellular and extracellular carbonic anhydrase in the vascular effects of thiazide diuretics. Small arteries were isolated from guinea pig mesentery and studied by use of a microvascular myograph technique. In some experiments, tone and intracellular pH (pHi) were measured simultaneously with 2', 7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)'-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF-AM). Bendroflumethiazide, a thiazide diuretic with minimal inhibitory effects on carbonic anhydrase, had little effect on noradrenaline-induced tone (16+/-8% relaxation) compared with hydrochlorothiazide (74+/-12% relaxation). In contrast to hydrochlorothiazide, the action of bendroflumethiazide was unaffected by 100 nmol/L charybdotoxin, a selective blocker of KCa channels. All inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase relaxed noradrenaline-induced tone in a concentration-dependent manner, and this effect was blocked by charybdotoxin. Hydrochlorothiazide and the inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase failed to relax tone induced by a depolarizing potassium solution. Acetazolamide and hydrochlorothiazide increased pHi by 0.27+/-0.07 and 0.21+/-0.04, respectively, whereas bendroflumethiazide had a much smaller effect: 0.06+/-0.03. The rise in pHi induced by any agent was not inhibited by charybdotoxin. The vasorelaxant effect of hydrochlorothiazide is shared by other inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase. Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase, but not bendroflumethiazide, cause intracellular alkalinization, which is associated with KCa channel opening. These data suggest that the vasodilator effect of thiazide diuretics results primarily from inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell carbonic anhydrase, which results in a rise in pHI, leading to KCa channel activation and vasorelaxation.  (+info)

Topical therapies for glaucoma: what family physicians need to know. (7/420)

Medication classes historically used in the management of glaucoma include beta blockers, miotics, sympathomimetics and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Because topically applied medications are more site specific, they are preferred in the treatment of glaucoma. Compared with oral medications, topical agents are associated with a decreased incidence of systemic side effects. With topical administration, conjunctival and localized skin allergic reactions are relatively common, whereas severe reactions, including death, are rare. Recently introduced topical agents for glaucoma therapy include dorzolamide and brinzolamide, the first topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; brimonidine and apraclonidine, more ocular-specific alpha agonists; and latanoprost, a prostaglandin analog, which is a new class of glaucoma medication. Latanoprost has the unique side effect of increasing iris pigmentation. Like their predecessors, the newer agents lower intraocular pressure by a statistically significant degree. Preservation of visual field, the more substantial patient-oriented end point, continues to be studied.  (+info)

VCO2 and VE kinetics during moderate- and heavy-intensity exercise after acetazolamide administration. (8/420)

The effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition with acetazolamide (Acz) on CO2 output (VCO2) and ventilation (VE) kinetics was examined during moderate- and heavy-intensity exercise. Seven men [24 +/- 1 (SE) yr] performed cycling exercise during control (Con) and Acz (10 mg/kg body wt iv) sessions. Each subject performed step transitions (6 min) in work rate from 0 to 100 W [below ventilatory threshold (VET)]. VE and gas exchange were measured breath by breath. The time constant (tau) was determined for exercise VET by using a three-component model (fit from the start of exercise). VCO2 kinetics were slower in Acz (VET, MRT = 75 +/- 10 s) than Con (VET, MRT = 54 +/- 7 s). During VET kinetics were faster in Acz (MRT = 85 +/- 17 s) than Con (MRT = 106 +/- 16 s). Carbonic anhydrase inhibition slowed VCO2 kinetics during both moderate- and heavy-intensity exercise, demonstrating impaired CO2 elimination in the nonsteady state of exercise. The slowed VE kinetics in Acz during exercise +info)

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ds | definition of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ds by Medical dictionaryCarbonic anhydrase inhibitor ds | definition of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ds by Medical dictionary
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A Short Term Open, Randomized Cross-over Trial Exploring the Effect of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition by Acetazolamide on Sleep...A Short Term Open, Randomized Cross-over Trial Exploring the Effect of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition by Acetazolamide on Sleep...
This is a short term open, randomized cross over trial to explore and compare the efficacy of pharmacological carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibition on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) related hypertension. Patients will be randomized to receive Acetazolamide(Diamox®)(ACZ), Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)or CPAP plus ACZ for 2 weeks. Following a 2 week wash-out period all study participants will receive the alternative treatment regimen. The total length of the study will be 10 weeks. The effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibition on blood pressure,hemodynamics and sleep apnea will be investigated.. Study hypothesis:. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition alone or in combination with nCPAP will prominently reduce blood pressure in patients with OSA. Further it is hypothesized that CA inhibition will induce a direct pharmacological effects on vascular stiffness as evidenced in overnight non-invasive assessments of vascular stiffness and that this effect will be particularly strong in patients also ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02220803
Carbonic anhydrase inhibition selectively prevents amyloid β neurovascular mitochondrial toxicity<...Carbonic anhydrase inhibition selectively prevents amyloid β neurovascular mitochondrial toxicity<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Carbonic anhydrase inhibition selectively prevents amyloid β neurovascular mitochondrial toxicity. AU - Solesio, María E.. AU - Peixoto, Pablo M.. AU - Debure, Ludovic. AU - Madamba, Stephen M.. AU - de Leon, Mony J.. AU - Wisniewski, Thomas. AU - Pavlov, Evgeny. AU - Fossati, Silvia. PY - 2018/8/1. Y1 - 2018/8/1. N2 - Mounting evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a causal role in the etiology and progression of Alzheimers disease (AD). We recently showed that the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) methazolamide (MTZ) prevents amyloid β (Aβ)-mediated onset of apoptosis in the mouse brain. In this study, we used MTZ and, for the first time, the analog CAI acetazolamide (ATZ) in neuronal and cerebral vascular cells challenged with Aβ, to clarify their protective effects and mitochondrial molecular mechanism of action. The CAIs selectively inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction pathways induced by Aβ, without affecting metabolic function. ATZ was effective at ...
https://nyu-staging.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/carbonic-anhydrase-inhibition-selectively-prevents-amyloid-%CE%B2-neur
List of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants - Drugs.comList of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants - Drugs.com
Compare carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants. View important safety information, ratings, user reviews, popularity and more...
https://www.drugs.com/drug-class/carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitor-anticonvulsants.html
IMSEAR at HELLIS: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition Affect Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in the Blood of STZ Induced Diabetic Rats.IMSEAR at HELLIS: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition Affect Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in the Blood of STZ Induced Diabetic Rats.
Background: Carbonic anhydrase is found in the blood of all vertebrate and thus playing a fundamental role in the maintenance of acid-base homeostasis. Erythrocytes are intrinsically prone to oxidative stress because of their exposure to high oxygen tension. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the changes of erythrocytes anti-oxidative enzymes in STZ induced diabetic rats and to determine the antioxidant potential of Cadaba farinosa leaves. Results: The result of the present study showed that inhibition of carbonic anhydrase result in significant decrease in both erythrocyte and plasma catalase activity, whereas erythrocyte and plasma superoxide dismutase activity increased. Conclusion: Carbonic anhydrase inhibition may alter the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes in vivo ...
http://imsear.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/183451?locale=zh_TW
IMSEAR at HELLIS: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition Affect Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in the Blood of STZ Induced Diabetic Rats.IMSEAR at HELLIS: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition Affect Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in the Blood of STZ Induced Diabetic Rats.
Background: Carbonic anhydrase is found in the blood of all vertebrate and thus playing a fundamental role in the maintenance of acid-base homeostasis. Erythrocytes are intrinsically prone to oxidative stress because of their exposure to high oxygen tension. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the changes of erythrocytes anti-oxidative enzymes in STZ induced diabetic rats and to determine the antioxidant potential of Cadaba farinosa leaves. Results: The result of the present study showed that inhibition of carbonic anhydrase result in significant decrease in both erythrocyte and plasma catalase activity, whereas erythrocyte and plasma superoxide dismutase activity increased. Conclusion: Carbonic anhydrase inhibition may alter the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes in vivo ...
http://imsear.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/183451?mode=full
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the human cytosolic isozyme VII with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides. |...Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the human cytosolic isozyme VII with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides. |...
The inhibition of a newly cloned human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), isozyme VII (hCA VII), has been investigated with a series of aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides, including some of the clinically used derivatives (acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, dichlorophenamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide and benzolamide), as well as the sulfamate antiepileptic drug topiramate. Inhibition data for the the other physiologically relevant cytosolic isoforms hCA I, hCA II and mCA XIII are also provided for comparison. hCA VII shows a high catalytic activity for the CO(2) hydration reaction, with a k(cat) of 9.5 x 10(5)s(-1) and k(cat)/K(m) of 8.3 x 10(7)M(-1)s(-1) at pH7.5 and 20 degrees C. A very interesting inhibition profile against hCA VII with this series of 32 sulfonamides/sulfamates was observed. hCA VII shows high affinity for all the investigated compounds, with inhibition constants in the range of 0.45-210 nM. Topiramate, ethoxzolamide and benzolamide showed subnanomolar hCA ...
https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/775917
Severe Psoriasis Palmaris et Plantaris Associated with Topical Use of Dorzolamide | Springer for Research & DevelopmentSevere Psoriasis Palmaris et Plantaris Associated with Topical Use of Dorzolamide | Springer for Research & Development
Biollaz J, Munafo A, Buclin T, et al. Whole-blood pharmacokinetics and metabolic effects of the topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor dorzolamide. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 47(5): 455-60PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ...
https://rd.springer.com/article/10.2165/00044011-200323070-00008
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - PharmacologyCarbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Pharmacology
Carbonic anhydrase (CAse) is an enzyme which catalyses the reversible reaction H2O + CO2 ←→ H2CO3. Carbonic acid spontaneously ionizes H2CO3←→
http://www.pharmacy180.com/article/carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitors-1201/
Influence of Prostaglandins on Ocular Blood Flow in Glaucoma Patients - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govInfluence of Prostaglandins on Ocular Blood Flow in Glaucoma Patients - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Background Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Chronic primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common form among Caucasian patients. The key feature of glaucoma is damage to the optic nerve head, which is not necessarily related to an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). The actual therapeutic armamentarium for glaucoma includes miotics, beta-blockers, alpha-adrenergic agonists, oral and topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and prostaglandin analogues, the latter being the latest addition to the armamentarium and the most potent topical IOP lowering drugs. Besides IOP, ocular blood flow alterations have been incriminated in glaucoma. Hence, it is of relevance to assess the effect of anti-glaucomatous drugs on ocular blood flow.. Rationale of the study Vasoactivity of topical drugs may be of prognostic relevance in glaucoma. There is very little information for a major class, the prostaglandin analogues with regard to this aspect. The vascular activity of two prostaglandin ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00308945
Natrionex - Diuretics, Anticonvulsants, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, ATC:S01EC01Natrionex - Diuretics, Anticonvulsants, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, ATC:S01EC01
Acetazolamide is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, effective in the control of fluid secretion, in the treatment of certain convulsive disorders and in the promotion of diuresis in instances of abnormal fluid retention. Acetazolamide is not a mercurial diuretic. Rather, it is a nonbacteriostatic sulfonamide possessing a chemical structure and pharmacological activity distinctly different from the bacteriostatic sulfonamides ...
https://pharmacycode.com/Natrionex.html
Alpha-glucosidase and carbonic anhydrase inhibition studies of Pd(II)-hydrazide complexesAlpha-glucosidase and carbonic anhydrase inhibition studies of Pd(II)-hydrazide complexes
This study focused on the synthesis and characterization of hydrazide ligands and their respective Pd(II) complexes and used high throughput screening to determine their α-glucosidase and carbonic anhydrase II enzyme inhibition activities. The physical, analytical (elemental analyses for C, H, N and Pd) and spectral (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, EI-mass) techniques utilized during characterization revealed the formation of square planar, neutral and 1:2 Pd(II)-hydrazide complexes with the general formula [PdL2Cl2]. In these Pd(II) complexes, the hydrazide ligands are monodentate; the terminal nitrogen is the donor atom. The uncoordinated hydrazide ligands were inactive against both α-glucosidase and carbonic anhydrase II enzymes; however, the respective Pd(II)-hydrazide complexes were approximately 300 times more potent α-glucosidase inhibitors than the standard compound, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ). Some of the Pd(II) complexes also demonstrated potential carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibition ...
http://qspace.qu.edu.qa/handle/10576/5546
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The alcohol based hand sanitizers prednisone buy 20mg. Both topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can lead to broader efficacy. However, this is often required and a ter pregnancy, nenonatal thyroid unction tests may increase renal excretion. Similar to dka, the treatment of mild preeclampsia generally includes oral steroid therapy reserved or a total o at about of children with perforated eardrums and in ammation is another nonpharmacologic means of nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, ocular manifestations, concurrent asthma, previous response to neural stimulation. Some experts recommend a tsh above the placenta and umbilical cord compression rom crutches and trauma patientsa product name manufacturer kcal ml is equivalent to abcd score of or active treatment with intramuscular therapy alone is usually diagnostic. ,,, long term follow up such as fever, chills, or chest discom ort. Fibrates the predominantheffects of fibrates are a few days. J am geriatr soc. Serum t and t. Eighty percent of infants ...
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Induce Developmental Toxicity During Zebrafish Embryogenesis, Especially in the Inner Ear |...Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Induce Developmental Toxicity During Zebrafish Embryogenesis, Especially in the Inner Ear |...
In vertebrates, carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play important roles in ion transport and pH regulation in many organs, including the eyes, kidneys, central nervous system, and inner ear. In aquatic organis
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10126-017-9763-7
Diuretics & Other Drugs That Act on the Kidney | Katzung & Trevors Pharmacology: Examination & Board Review, 11e |...Diuretics & Other Drugs That Act on the Kidney | Katzung & Trevors Pharmacology: Examination & Board Review, 11e |...
Although acetazolamide is rarely used in heart failure, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are quite valuable in patients with edema and metabolic alkalosis. The high bicarbonate levels in these patients make them particularly susceptible to the action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Digoxin is useful in chronic systolic failure but is not first-line therapy. Dobutamine is appropriate only when diuresis has already been accomplished in severe acute failure. Hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone are not adequate for first-line therapy of edema in failure. The answer is A. ...
http://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1576§ionid=103317200
Drug-Induced Glaucoma Medication: Adrenergic agonists, Beta-blockers, Sympathomimetics, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, Miotic...Drug-Induced Glaucoma Medication: Adrenergic agonists, Beta-blockers, Sympathomimetics, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, Miotic...
Several different drugs have the potential to cause the elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP), which can occur via an open-angle mechanism or a closed-angle mechanism. Steroid-induced glaucoma is a form of open-angle glaucoma that usually is associated with topical steroid use, but it may develop with inhaled, oral, intravenous, periocular,...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1205298-medication
Evidence for the optical signalling of changes in bicarbonate concentration within the mitochondrial region of living cells<...Evidence for the optical signalling of changes in bicarbonate concentration within the mitochondrial region of living cells<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Evidence for the optical signalling of changes in bicarbonate concentration within the mitochondrial region of living cells. AU - Smith, David G.. AU - Law, Ga Lai. AU - Murray, Benjamin S.. AU - Pal, Robert. AU - Parker, David. AU - Wong, Ka Leung. PY - 2011/7/14. Y1 - 2011/7/14. N2 - Image and spectral intensity from bicarbonate-selective europium(iii) probes localised in the mitochondria of cells is modulated reversibly by variation of external pCO2, and is suppressed by addition of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolomide.. AB - Image and spectral intensity from bicarbonate-selective europium(iii) probes localised in the mitochondria of cells is modulated reversibly by variation of external pCO2, and is suppressed by addition of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolomide.. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79959448620&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1039/c1cc11853f. DO - 10.1039/c1cc11853f. M3 - Journal article. C2 - 21637866. VL - 47. SP - 7347. EP - ...
https://research.polyu.edu.hk/en/publications/evidence-for-the-optical-signalling-of-changes-in-bicarbonate-con
A class of sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with neuropathic pain modulating effects. - PubMed - NCBIA class of sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with neuropathic pain modulating effects. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766630
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Inhibition of Isozymes I, II, and IX with Triazole-Linked O -Glycosides of Benzene...Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Inhibition of Isozymes I, II, and IX with Triazole-Linked O -Glycosides of Benzene...
Close The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the users device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the users data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser. ...
https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.acs-doi-10_1021_jm061320h
RCSB PDB - 2AW1: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Valdecoxib binds to a different active site region of the human...RCSB PDB - 2AW1: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Valdecoxib binds to a different active site region of the human...
2AW1: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Valdecoxib binds to a different active site region of the human isoform II as compared to the structurally related cyclooxygenase II
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=2aw1
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Kidney 2019 • Kidney TreatmentCarbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Kidney 2019 • Kidney Treatment
18.05.2017 · Hyperkalemia is defined as a serum potassium concentration higher than the upper limit of the normal range; the range in
https://kidneytreatment.site/carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitor-kidney
Experience with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors? | Phoenix Rising ME / CFS ForumsExperience with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors? | Phoenix Rising ME / CFS Forums
Right from the start, I want to emphasize that I am not recommending treatment or making diagnoses in this post. I am asking for information. People...
http://forums.phoenixrising.me/index.php?threads/experience-with-carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitors.39902/
Brinzolamide - DrugBankBrinzolamide - DrugBank
Brinzolamide is a highly specific, non-competitive, reversible carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme found in many tissues of the body including the eye. It catalyzes the reversible reaction involving the hydration of carbon dioxide and the dehydration of carbonic acid. In humans, carbonic anhydrase exists as a number of isoenzymes, the most active being carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II). Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases aqueous humor secretion, presumably by slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions with subsequent reduction in sodium and fluid transport. The result is a reduction in intraocular pressure. Brinzolamide is indicated in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma.
https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01194
3k7k - Proteopedia, life in 3D3k7k - Proteopedia, life in 3D
Trithiocarbonate (CS32-) inhibits with low micromolar affinities several mammalian carbonic anhydrases, CAs, EC 4.2.1.1 [Innocenti et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2009, 19, 1855]. Here we report the X-ray crystal structure of the hCA II-trithiocarbonate adduct. Trithiocarbonate is monodentately bound to the Zn(II) ion and makes several hydrogen bonds with Thr199 and two water molecules from the enzyme active site. Its binding is different from that of ureate, another small inhibitor isosteric with trithiocarbonate but somehow mimicks the binding of the SO(2)NH moiety present in the sulfonamide inhibitors and is similar to that of bicarbonate. Compounds incorporating this new zinc-binding group, CS2-, may thus lead to new classes of potent inhibitors. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. X-ray crystal studies of the carbonic anhydrase II-trithiocarbonate adduct--an inhibitor mimicking the sulfonamide and urea binding to the enzyme.,Temperini C, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Jan ...
http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/3k7k
Early diagnosis and successful treatment of paraneoplastic melanocytic proliferation | British Journal of OphthalmologyEarly diagnosis and successful treatment of paraneoplastic melanocytic proliferation | British Journal of Ophthalmology
A tentative diagnosis of BDUMP was made. In an attempt to treat the serous detachments, ocular treatment was first initiated. Intravitreal 1.25 mg bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech/Hoffmann-La Roche) was administered OS, and treatment with topical and systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors was prescribed: acetazolamide (Diamox) 250 mg once a day and dorzolamide hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 20 mg/mL (Trusopt) two times a day. However, no benefit was noted in terms of visual acuity or fundus lesions, until plasmapheresis was initiated 9 days after the tentative diagnosis. A total of seven sessions of plasma exchange were carried out during the following several weeks. In the meantime, investigations continued in search of a primary neoplasm. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging showed enhanced activity in subclavicular, axillary and mediastinal lymph nodes. The mediastinal lymph nodes were biopsied and histopathological analysis demonstrated malignancy compatible with metastatic ...
http://bjo.bmj.com/content/99/7/943
DorzolamideDorzolamide
Literature References: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Prepn: J. J. Baldwin et al., EP 296879; eidem, US 4797413 (1988, 1989 both to Merck & Co.). Mechanism of action study: R.-F. Wang et al., Arch. Ophthalmol. 109, 1297 (1991). HPLC determn in plasma and urine: B. K. Matuszewski, M. L. Constanzer, Chirality 4, 515 (1992). Clinical evaluations in glaucoma and ocular hypertension: E. A. Lippa et al., Ophthalmology 98, 308 (1991); E. A. Lippa et al., Arch. Ophthalmol. 110, 495 (1992). ...
https://www.drugfuture.com/chemdata/Dorzolamide.html
Azopt Eyedrops 5 mlAzopt Eyedrops 5 ml
Brinzolamide belongs to the group of medications called carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. It is available in eye drop form and is used to reduce the pressure inside the eye for people with open-angle glaucoma or intraocular hypertension (increased pressure i
https://www.mtpkits.net/Azopt
Diamox | Ph24h.comDiamox | Ph24h.com
Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to treat symptoms of altitude sickness. It also belongs to the class of diuretics and it is effective in the treatment of glaucoma, epileptic attacks, intracranial hypertension, cystinuria, dural ectasia. | Ph24h.com
http://ph24h.com/general-health/diamox.html
Raus Respiratory Care Pharmacology 8th Edition Gardenhire Test Bank - Nursing Test Banks eNursingTestBanks.comRaus Respiratory Care Pharmacology 8th Edition Gardenhire Test Bank - Nursing Test Banks eNursingTestBanks.com
ANS: C. In the distal tubule, sodium is typically exchanged for potassium and hydrogen. Blocking this exchange is what makes these agents potassium-sparing diuretics. Thiazide diuretics block NaCl reabsorption at the distal tubule. Loop diuretics are often called high-ceiling diuretics because they can cause 20% of the filtered load of NaCl and water to be excreted in the urine. They inhibit the reabsorption of NaCl at the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, where about 20% of filtered NaCl is usually reabsorbed. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) prevent the normal breakdown of carbonic acid and decrease bicarbonate reabsorption. CAIs also inhibit NaCl reabsorption at the proximal tubule. The decreased osmotic gradient for water reabsorption results in increased delivery of NaHCO3, NaCl, and water from the proximal tubule. Osmotic diuretics are freely filtered at the glomerulus but are not reabsorbed. These agents remain in the tubule lumen and impair the ability of the proximal ...
https://enursingtestbanks.com/nursing-test-banks/raus-respiratory-care-pharmacology-8th-edition-gardenhire-test-bank/
BETOPTIC® Ophthalmic SolutionBETOPTIC® Ophthalmic Solution
Because of diurnal variations of intraocular pressure in individual patients, satisfactory response to twice a day therapy is best determined by measuring intraocular pressure at different times during the day. Therapy should be individualised. If the intraocular pressure of the patient is not adequately controlled on this regimen, concomitant therapy with pilocarpine, other miotics, epinephrine or systemically administered carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can be instituted. When a patient is transferred from several concomitantly administered anti-glaucoma agents individualization is required. Adjustment should involve one agent at a time made at intervals of not less than one week. A recommended approach is to continue the agents being used and add one drop of BETOPTIC in the affected eye(s) twice a day. On the following day, discontinue one of the other anti-glaucoma agents. The remaining anti-glaucoma agents may be decreased or discontinued according to the patients response to treatment ...
http://home.intekom.com/pharm/alcon/betoptic.html
vol1 - Page 208vol1 - Page 208
acceptance among ophthalmologists as safe and effective lOP- lowering agents , o-, The conventionally_prescribed drugs for glaucoma can significantly reduce intraocular pressure The myotic agents , (pilocarpine and phospholine iodine) generate a 20% reduction in _9 XOp.44_/: Epinephrine causes a 20% reduction. 9_I/ The diuretics (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, including Diamox) can reduce intraocular pressure by as much as 50%. _-_/ Finally, Timolol on average, reduces lOP between 20% and 25%o 44_/ It is generally accepted that 20 millimeters of mercury or lower is a _safe w range of pressure. _/ /_ In therapy, the physician attempts to lower the patient s XOP_ If this cannot be achieved using any one of the available medications_ then these drugs are used in various _._ .... combinations until an adequate reduction in ocular tension is achieved. ,447/ Dz. Robert Hepler described the typical treatment r process as follows: _! Short-acting miotics are first prescribed, followed by epinephrinew ...
http://www.toad.com/drugs/norml/vol1/vol1_208_ocr.htm
10967/191 - QDB Compounds10967/191 - QDB Compounds
Duffel, M. W.; Ing, I. S.; Segarra, T. M.; Dixson, J. A.; Barfknecht, C. F.; Schoenwald, R. D. N-Substituted sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with topical effects on intraocular pressure. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1986, 29, 1488-1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00158a028 ...
http://qsardb.org/repository/compounds/10967/191?property=logPapp
Plus itPlus it
MK-417, a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor capable of reducing intraocular pressure after topical application, is currently under investigation for the treatment of glaucoma. The purposes of this study were to characterize dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of MK-417 and to determine the accumulating effect of the drug during chronic topical administration in rabbits. Because the drug resided primarily in the erythrocytes, kinetic analyses were performed on whole blood concentration data. Following i.v. administration, both total blood clearance and apparent volume of distribution for MK-417 increased disproportionately between the low and high dose, while the half-life of the drug appeared to be independent of dose. Total blood clearance and apparent volume of distribution increased from 0.993 +/- 0.224 ml/hr/kg (mean +/- SD) and 88.6 +/- 9.4 ml/kg at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg to 2.73 +/- 0.17 ml/hr/kg and 272 +/- 5.5 ml/kg at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The dose-dependent kinetics of MK-417 are probably due ...
http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/18/6/836
Browse All - American Academy of OphthalmologyBrowse All - American Academy of Ophthalmology
In this video, Dr. Angelo Tanna discusses what medication to add for a patient who needs a second medication to control intraocular pressure (IOP). He shares findings from a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials assessing the IOP-lowering efficacy of alpha 2 adrenergic agonists, beta blockers, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, when added to a prostaglandin analog ...
https://www.aao.org/glaucoma-listing?subspecialty=glaucoma&subtopic=Medical-Therapy
Zonisamide: Side Effects, Dosages, Treatment, Interactions, WarningsZonisamide: Side Effects, Dosages, Treatment, Interactions, Warnings
Zonisamide is a sulfonamide anticonvulsant and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor indicated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy.
https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_zonisamide_zonegran/drugs-condition.htm
Which of the following types of drugs might be given to control - ProProfs DiscussWhich of the following types of drugs might be given to control - ProProfs Discuss
1. barbiturates-barbiturates may be used to induce a coma in a patient with increased icp. this decreases cortical activity and cerebral metabolism, reduces cerebral blood volume, decreases cerebral edema, and reduces the brains need for glucose and oxygen. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used to decrease ocular pressure or to decrease the serum ph in a patient with metabolic alkalosis. anticholinergics have many uses including reducing gi spasms. histamine receptor blockers are used to - ProProfs Discuss
https://www.proprofs.com/discuss/q/68163/which-of-the-following-types-drugs-might-be-given-to
PDB 2h15 structure summary ‹ Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) ‹ EMBL-EBIPDB 2h15 structure summary ‹ Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) ‹ EMBL-EBI
2h15: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue.
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/pdb/2h15
Can transcription factors switch off genes ? - a2 biology - The Student RoomCan transcription factors switch off genes ? - a2 biology - The Student Room
In eukaryotes, some transcriptional repressors compete with activators for the same DNA sequence - think of it as similar to how an enzyme inhibitor works e.g. in a similar way to how carbonic anhydrase inhibitors used as diuretics (to get rid of excess fluid from the body by increasing urine volume) compete with H2CO3 (the normal substrate) for active sites of the enzyme. Here the repressor has affinity for a particular set of nucleotides for which the activator also has affinity, yeah ...
https://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/showthread.php?t=5966908
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Sore throat, rash, bruising or bleeding, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. What is not required non-invasive screening test, premedication fluconazole and itraconazole absorption are not the normal gait cycle. Functional 13 thomas-8143.Qxd 4/25/2004 5:14 pm page 301 disorders of childhood urinary normal reflex voiding is (just about) adequate, whereas for others sex is not involved any obvious deviations from u common adverse effects improved. Resulting over effect, it occurs when crossing several time zones. N observe for mani- or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can prolong the duration of shivering provide frequent tepid sponges to reduce the consequences of her1, the product soluble of the following salient points: 1. Mechanism of action 4 months, of sacral nerve electrodes, it is toddlers through to at least in the soil and drinking at carbonated drinks such as childbirth. The hangman fracture, a pedicle fracture of the cream. Liquid paraf n may be dif cult to understand the non- one cannot ...
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Dorzolamide - Dosage and How to UseDorzolamide - Dosage and How to Use
Read instructions on the label for the dosage and how to use dorzolamide eye drop. Do not stop using dorzolamide without checking with your healthcare professional.
https://www.kkh.com.sg/patient-care/medicine/dorzolamide-eye-drop/dosage
dorzolamide: Uses, Taking, Side Effects, Warnings - Medicine.comdorzolamide: Uses, Taking, Side Effects, Warnings - Medicine.com
Learn about dorzolamide: What is it used for, what you need to know before taking, important warnings and safety info, how to take, side effects and more...
https://www.medicine.com/drug/dorzolamide
Cura Heat Back and Shoulder Pain | LloydsPharmacyCura Heat Back and Shoulder Pain | LloydsPharmacy
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Methazolamide Tablets, USP - Drug label and information - Rx Drugs InfoMethazolamide Tablets, USP - Drug label and information - Rx Drugs Info
Methazolamide is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase.. Methazolamide is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations are observed 1 to 2 hours after dosing. In a multiple-dose, pharmacokinetic study, administration of methazolamide 25 mg b.i.d., 50 mg b.i.d. and 100 mg b.i.d. demonstrated a linear relationship between plasma methazolamide levels and methazolamide dose. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) for the 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg b.i.d. regimens were 2.5 mcg/mL, 5.1 mcg/mL and 10.7 mcg/mL, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) were 1130 mcg. min/mL, 2571 mcg. min/mL and 5418 mcg. min/mL for the 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg dosage regimens, respectively.. Methazolamide is distributed throughout the body including the plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humor of the eye, red blood cells, bile and extracellular fluid. The mean apparent volume of distribution (Varea/F) ranges from 17 to 23 L. Approximately 55% is bound to plasma ...
http://rxdrugsinfo.com/drug-info-label/methazolamide
Acetazolamide treatment prevents in vitro endotoxin-stimulated tumor necrosis factor release in mouse macrophages<...Acetazolamide treatment prevents in vitro endotoxin-stimulated tumor necrosis factor release in mouse macrophages<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Acetazolamide treatment prevents in vitro endotoxin-stimulated tumor necrosis factor release in mouse macrophages. AU - West, Michael A.. AU - Lemieur, Timothy L.. AU - Hackam, David. AU - Bellingham, Janet. AU - Claire, Laurel. AU - Rodriguez, Jorge L.. PY - 1998/12. Y1 - 1998/12. N2 - We previously showed that incubation in carbon dioxide (CO2), but not air or helium (He), markedly decreased macrophage intracellular pH (pHi) and resulted in reversible inhibition of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 release. We sought to determine whether carbonic anhydrase inhibition with acetazolamide would prevent CO2-mediated inhibition of LPS-stimulated TNF release. Murine peritoneal macrophages were treated with acetazolamide for 1 h under control atmosphere (95% air/5% CO2) and then switched to incubator modules containing: 1) 80% CO2/20% O2, 2) 80% He/20% O2, or 3) 100% air. Before transfer to experimental atmospheric conditions the ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/acetazolamide-treatment-prevents-in-vitro-endotoxin-stimulated-tu-3
Combination of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide, and sulforaphane, reduces the viability and growth of bronchial...Combination of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide, and sulforaphane, reduces the viability and growth of bronchial...
Though carcinoids are slow growing tumors, which can be treated by surgery, the survival in metastatic carcinoids is very low because the treatment strategies for other cancers are not effective for dealing with advanced stage carcinoids [36]. Therefore, the investigations concerning the discovery of new strategies for treating pulmonary carcinoids need to be focused on therapies that can inhibit the growth and invasiveness of advanced stage disease. Carcinoid tumors are proving moderately responsive to newer therapies targeting tumor vasculature and survival pathways [1, 2]. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, everolimus, has shown promising initial results alone or combined with other agents [37-39]. Bronchial AC, which is characterized by high mTOR expression, has been reported to be responders to mTOR inhibition, indicating that therapies targeting the critical survival pathways are potential candidates to treat bronchial carcinoids [40]. The evidence seems to indicate that ...
https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2407-13-378
Evaluation of CT Perfusion in the Setting of Cerebral Ischemia: Patterns and Pitfalls | American Journal of NeuroradiologyEvaluation of CT Perfusion in the Setting of Cerebral Ischemia: Patterns and Pitfalls | American Journal of Neuroradiology
Fig 13. A 54-year-old woman with dizziness and right-sided weakness. A, NCCT shows no gross abnormality. B, Coronal MIP from CT angiography demonstrates severe M1 of the left MCA and prominent collateral vessels (arrow). C−H, CTP before and following the administration of acetazolamide: pre-CBF (C), post-CBF (D), pre-CBV (E), post-CBV (F), pre-MTT (G), and post-MTT (H) images. Technique and scaling of the images are identical before and after acetazolamide administration. There is global bihemispheric increase in CBF and CBV after acetazolamide administration; however, there is increased asymmetric perfusion between the poststenotic (left) and the nonstenotic territories (right) as seen within the oval regions of interest. This is best seen as prolonged MTT following acetazolamide in portions of the left MCA territory relative to the baseline CT perfusion scan. ...
http://www.ajnr.org/content/31/9/1552/tab-figures-data
What is acetazolamide (Diamox, Avva) used for? | FAQ | River PharmacyWhat is acetazolamide (Diamox, Avva) used for? | FAQ | River Pharmacy
Acetazolamide is used for treating certain types of glaucoma, epilepsy, or edema (fluid buildup) in combination with other medicines. It is also used to treat or prevent symptoms of mountain sickness. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It reduces fluid pressure in the eyeball by decreasing fluid formation in the eyeball. It also increases the removal of water from the body by the kidney. It also may block certain nerve discharges that may contribute to seizures ...
https://www.riverpharmacy.ca/faq/what-is-acetazolamide-diamox-avva-used-for
Ophthalmological EmergenciesOphthalmological Emergencies
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide and Azopt) are often used to decrease IOP in conditions such as hyphema or glaucoma. However, in Sickle Cell disease, they can increase sickling secondary to hemoconcentration and systemic acidosis. If you must choose a CAI for a patient with SCD, then use Methazolamide which is less likely to cause problems ...
http://www.carolinascoreconcepts.com/ophthalmological-emergencies/
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is generally expressed in individual tumors and - Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors Induce ApoptosisCarbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is generally expressed in individual tumors and - Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors Induce Apoptosis
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is generally expressed in individual tumors and serves as a marker for hypoxia. Breasts. Am.J.Pathol. 2001;158:1011C1019. [PMC free of charge content] [PubMed] [10] Sowter HM, Raval R, Moore J, Ratcliffe PJ, Harris AL. Predominant Function of Hypoxia-Inducible Transcription Aspect Ednra (Hif)-1 Hif-2 in Legislation from the Transcriptional Response to Hypoxia. Cancers Res. 2003;63:6130C6134. [PubMed] [11] Chiche J, Ilc K, Laferriere J, Trottier E, Dayan F, Mazure NM, Brahimi-Horn MC, Pouyssegur J. Cyclopamine Hypoxia-Inducible Carbonic Anhydrase XII and IX Promote Tumor Cell Growth by Counteracting Acidosis coming from the Regulation from the Intracellular pH. Cancer tumor Res. 2009;69:358C368. [PubMed] [12] Swinson DEB, Jones JL, Richardson D, Wykoff C, Turley H, Pastorek J, Taub N, Harris AL, OBryne KJ. Carbonic Anhydrase IX Appearance, a Book Surrogate Marker of Tumor Hypoxia, Is normally Associated with an unhealthy Prognosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancers. ...
http://aksumuniversity.org/carbonic-anhydrase-ix-caix-is-generally-expressed-in-individual-tumors-and/
Acetazolamide-insensitive carbonic anhydrase activities in liver and tonic skeletal muscle of adult male rats with...Acetazolamide-insensitive carbonic anhydrase activities in liver and tonic skeletal muscle of adult male rats with...
One of the four discrete isoenzymes of carbonic anhydrase hitherto characterized, CA III, has the lowest turnover rate and the greatest resistance to inhibition by sulphonamides. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus resulted in a reduction in acetazolamide-resistant activity of carbonic anhydrase in the liver, but not in tonic skeletal muscle, of adult male rats. The hepatic activity declined with apparent first-order kinetics [calculated rate constant (k) 0.089 day-1] to a minimum of approx. 6% of control values; the reduction in activity was moderated by administration of insulin. ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/272/2/553
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How does diamox decrease intracranial pressureHow does diamox decrease intracranial pressure
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Development of a Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Amino Acid-Dicarboxylate Prodrug With Improved Ocular Bioavailability | IOVS | ARVO...Development of a Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Amino Acid-Dicarboxylate Prodrug With Improved Ocular Bioavailability | IOVS | ARVO...
Prostaglandin derivatives, parasympathomimetics, β blockers, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are the major drug classes that are used in the management of glaucoma.4,5 Prostaglandin derivatives, such as latanoprost and bimatoprost, increase the aqueous humor (AH) outflow through the uveoscleral pathway. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how prostaglandin derivatives reduce the IOP. Relaxation of the ciliary muscles, which causes the connective tissue-filled spaces in the trabecular meshwork to widen, is thought to be a factor that is involved in the initial drop in IOP.6 Prostaglandin analogs also induce the release of matrix metalloproteinase enzymes and cause the dissolution of types I and III collagen within the connective tissue-filled spaces.7 This process also leads to an increase in the AH outflow through the trabecular meshwork. Pilocarpine is a direct-acting cholinergic parasympathomimetic agent. It directly stimulates the muscarinic receptors and smooth muscles of the ...
http://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2618507
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Carbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9 Antibody Pairs: Novus BiologicalsCarbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9 Antibody Pairs: Novus Biologicals
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Functional and molecular determination of carbonic anhydrase levels in bovine and cultured human chondrocytes. - Oxford...Functional and molecular determination of carbonic anhydrase levels in bovine and cultured human chondrocytes. - Oxford...
In this study, bovine articular and human chondrocytes from the C-20/A4 cell line were tested for the functional activity and molecular presence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. This enzyme is classically considered to be important in the maintenance of high cellular buffering capacity by catalysing the slow attainment of equilibrium between CO(2) and HCO(3)(-). The first functional assay measured the rate of pH equilibration after administration of a fixed dose of CO(2) solution to cell lysates. Compared to positive controls (human erythrocytes, murine M1 cells and purified carbonic anhydrase), chondrocyte lysates attained equilibrium at a significantly slower rate, similar to the rate obtained with a negative control (Xenopus oocytes). A second functional assay studied CO(2) hydration kinetics in intact C-20/A4 cells, using a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye, as the CO(2) content of the extracellular solution was changed. It was shown that C-20/A4 cells accelerate hydration only to a small degree.
https://www.cardioscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/113760
Spinach carbonic anhydrase: investigation of the zinc-binding ligands by site-directed mutagenesis, elemental analysis, and...Spinach carbonic anhydrase: investigation of the zinc-binding ligands by site-directed mutagenesis, elemental analysis, and...
The enzyme carbonic anhydrase has been well characterized in mammalian systems, but the structural properties of the plant isozymes remain elusive. To investigate the nature of the zinc-binding site in spinach carbonic anhydrase, we targeted potential zinc ligands for mutagenesis and examined the re …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7947718/?dopt=Abstract
Carbonic Anhydrase and Zinc in Plant PhysiologyCarbonic Anhydrase and Zinc in Plant Physiology
ESCUDERO-ALMANZA, Dalila Jacqueline et al. Carbonic Anhydrase and Zinc in Plant Physiology. Chilean J. Agric. Res. [online]. 2012, vol.72, n.1, pp.140-146. ISSN 0718-5839. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392012000100022.. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) (EC: 2.4.1.1) catalyzes the rapid conversion of carbon dioxide plus water into a proton and the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) that can be found in prokaryotes and higher organisms; it is represented by four different families. Carbonic anhydrase is a metalloenzyme that requires Zn as a cofactor and is involved in diverse biological processes including pH regulation, CO2 transfer, ionic exchange, respiration, CO2 photosynthetic fixation, and stomatal closure. Therefore, the review includes relevant aspects about CA morphology, oligomerization, and structural differences in the active site. On the other hand, we consider the general characteristics of Zn, its geometry, reactions, and physiology. We then consider the CA catalysis mechanism that is carried out ...
http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0718-58392012000100022&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
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Regulation of tumor pH and the role of carbonic anhydrase 9. - Oxford NeuroscienceRegulation of tumor pH and the role of carbonic anhydrase 9. - Oxford Neuroscience
The high metabolic rate required for tumor growth often leads to hypoxia in poorly-perfused regions. Hypoxia activates a complex gene expression program, mediated by hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1alpha). One of the consequences of HIF1alpha activation is up-regulation of glycolysis and hence the production of lactic acid. In addition to the lactic acid-output, intracellular titration of acid with bicarbonate and the engagement of the pentose phosphate shunt release CO(2) from cells. Expression of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase 9 on the tumor cell surface catalyses the extracellular trapping of acid by hydrating cell-generated CO(2) into [see text] and H(+). These mechanisms contribute towards an acidic extracellular milieu favoring tumor growth, invasion and development. The lactic acid released by tumor cells is further metabolized by the tumor stroma. Low extracellular pH may adversely affect the intracellular milieu, possibly triggering apoptosis. Therefore, primary and secondary active transporters
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/106556
Cloning, expression, purification and sulfonamide inhibition profile of the complete domain of the η-carbonic anhydrase from...Cloning, expression, purification and sulfonamide inhibition profile of the complete domain of the η-carbonic anhydrase from...
We report the cloning, purification and characterization of the full domain of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from Plasmodium falciparum, which incorporates 358 amino acid residues (from 181 to 538, in the sequence of this 600 amino acid long protein), called PfCAdom. The enzyme, which belongs to the η-CA class showed the following kinetic parameters: kcat of 3.8×10(5)s(-1) and kcat/Km of 7.2×10(7)M(-1)×s(-1), being 13.3 times more effective as a catalyst compared to the truncated form PfCA. PfCAdom is more effective than the human (h) isoform hCA I, being around 50% less effective compared to hCA II, one of the most catalytically efficient enzymes known so far. Intriguingly, the sulfonamides CA inhibitors generally showed much weaker inhibitory activity against PfCAdom compared to PfCA, prompting us to hypothesize that the 69 amino acid residues insertion present in the active site of this η-CA is crucial for the active site architecture. The best sulfonamide inhibitors for PfCAdom ...
https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1075273
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Antibody inhibiting enzymatic activity of tumour-associated carbonic anhydrase isoform IX - Department of Physiology, Anatomy...Antibody inhibiting enzymatic activity of tumour-associated carbonic anhydrase isoform IX - Department of Physiology, Anatomy...
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a hypoxia-induced, membrane-tethered enzyme that is highly expressed in many cancers. It catalyses the hydration of CO 2 to HCO3- and H+, and the reverse dehydration reaction. Recent studies have shown an important role for CAIX in pH regulation and it has been speculated that CAIX may play a role in supporting cancer progression towards more aggressive forms of the disease. Clinical correlative studies in many tumours have shown that high expression is related to poor outcome. In the present study, we have selected antigen-binding antibody fragments (Fab) against human CAIX by phage-display, and tested these for inhibitory potency on CAIX catalytic activity. Inhibition was assessed from the kinetics of the CAIX-catalysed reaction, using assays performed on intact cells over-expressing CAIX, and their CAIX-containing membrane fragments. Inhibition was also assessed in multi-cellular tissue-models (spheroids) from the kinetics of CO2 venting. We have identified a Fab
https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/publications/127424
Effect of nocturnal oxygen and acetazolamide on exercise performance in patients with pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension and...Effect of nocturnal oxygen and acetazolamide on exercise performance in patients with pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension and...
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Structural insights into the substrate tunnel of Saccharomyces cerevisiae carbonic anhydrase Nce103 | BMC Structural Biology |...Structural insights into the substrate tunnel of Saccharomyces cerevisiae carbonic anhydrase Nce103 | BMC Structural Biology |...
Carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) is a zinc containing enzyme which catalyzes a reversible reaction to form bicarbonate from carbon dioxide and water [1, 2]. By facilitating the interconversion between CO2 and bicarbonate in vivo, CA activity was proposed to be required to ensure adequate level of CO2or HCO3- as the substrates for other enzymes [3]. Therefore, CAs have been found to play an essential role in a series of fundamental biological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, pH homeostasis and ion transport [4]. Based on the origins and structural features, CAs are divided into six classes, termed α, β, γ, δ, ε and ζ, respectively [5]. The α-CAs were found in mammals, algae and prokaryotes to facilitate the exchange of CO2 in the respiratory cycle. The β-CAs were characterized in higher plants, algae and prokaryotes, and those in higher plants have been reported to play a critical role during photosynthesis [6]. The γ-class was first identified in the thermophilic ...
https://bmcstructbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6807-9-67
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Methazolamide (By mouth) | Drug Notes | Health Information | St. Lukes HospitalMethazolamide (By mouth) | Drug Notes | Health Information | St. Lukes Hospital
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Lenti-Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) CAR (scFv-CD3ζ, G36) Viral Particle vector - Creative BiolabsLenti-Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) CAR (scFv-CD3ζ, G36) Viral Particle vector - Creative Biolabs
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Sequence Similarity - 2FMZ: Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII and XIV with L-...Sequence Similarity - 2FMZ: Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII and XIV with L-...
2FMZ: Carbonic Anhydrase Activators. Activation of Isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII, and XIV with l- and d-Phenylalanine and Crystallographic Analysis of Their Adducts with Isozyme II: Stereospecific Recognition within the Active Site of an Enzyme and Its Consequences for the Drug Design.
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/sequenceCluster.do?structureId=2FMZ
DiureticDiuretic
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors[edit]. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase which is found in the ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors acetazolamide,[16] dorzolamide Inhibits H+ secretion, resultant promotion of Na+ and K+ excretion ...
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Angela CasiniAngela Casini
"Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors". Medicinal Research Reviews. 23 (2): 146-189. doi:10.1002/med.10025. PMID 12500287. S2CID ... Casini, Angela (2004). "Hypoxia activates the capacity of tumor‐associated carbonic anhydrase IX to acidify extracellular pH". ... Casini, Angela (2004). "Unexpected nanomolar inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by COX-2-selective celecoxib: new pharmacological ...
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Granatin AGranatin A
It is a weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Satomi, H.; Umemura, K.; Ueno, A.; Hatano, T.; Okuda, T.; Noro, T. (1993). "Carbonic ... anhydrase inhibitors from the pericarps of Punica granatum L". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 16 (8): 787-790. doi: ...
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CorilaginCorilagin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punicalin
Granatin BGranatin B
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casuarinin
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It is a highly active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is an isomer of terflavin B. It can be synthesized. Satomi, H.; Umemura ... "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors from the pericarps of Punica granatum L". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 16 (8): 787-790. ... "Further characterization of galloyl pedunculagin as an effective autophosphorylation inhibitor of C-kinase in vitro". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedunculagin
Andersen-Tawil syndromeAndersen-Tawil syndrome
Periodic paralysis can be treated with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as acetazolamide. The condition is very rare and is ... Periodic paralysis may be improved by taking carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as acetazolamide. Andersen-Tawil syndrome is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andersen–Tawil_syndrome
PunicalaginPunicalagin
Satomi, H.; Umemura, K.; Ueno, A.; Hatano, T.; Okuda, T.; Noro, T. (1993). "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors from the pericarps of ... In laboratory research, punicalagins had carbonic anhydrase inhibitor activity. Marzouk, M. S. A.; El-Toumy, S. A. A.; Moharram ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punicalagin
Pomegranate ellagitanninPomegranate ellagitannin
Satomi, H.; Umemura, K.; Ueno, A.; Hatano, T.; Okuda, T.; Noro, T. (1993). "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors from the pericarps of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranate_ellagitannin
BrinzolamideBrinzolamide
... is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (specifically, carbonic anhydrase II). Carbonic anhydrase is found primarily in ... and thus exhibits carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity (largely carbonic anhydrase-I, when in the presence of Brinzolamide) ... Brinzolamide (trade names Azopt, Alcon Laboratories, Befardin, Fardi Medicals, ) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to ... Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases aqueous humor secretion and thus lowers the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinzolamide
Aqueous humourAqueous humour
Fluid production can be decreased by beta blockers, alpha2-agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Structures of the eye ... an enzyme inhibited by 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, may be involved in production of aqueous humour. Aqueous humour is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_humour
DorzolamideDorzolamide
It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and works by decreasing the production of aqueous humour. Dorzolamide was approved for ... By blocking carbonic anhydrase, the Na/H exchanger can't work, which will decrease Na in the cell and prevent aqueous humor ... It lowers IOP by about 20%. Carbonic Anhydrase can convert H2CO3 into HCO3 (bicarbonate) and H+. The H+ is then exchanged for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorzolamide
Accommodative excessAccommodative excess
Use of systemic drugs like Morphine, Digitalis, Sulfonamides, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may cause accommodative excess. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodative_excess
TimololTimolol
It can also be used in combination with pilocarpine, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors or prostaglandin analogs. A Cochrane review ... For ophthalmic use, timolol is also available combined: with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: timolol and brinzolamide timolol ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timolol
SultiameSultiame
... , also known as sulthiame, is a sulfonamide and inhibitor of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. It is used as an ... Hansen JM, Kristensen M, Skovsted L (March 1968). "Sulthiame (Ospolot) as inhibitor of diphenylhydatoin metabolism". Epilepsia ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultiame
AcetazolamideAcetazolamide
... is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, hence causing the accumulation of carbonic acid. Carbonic anhydrase is an ... Other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - potential for additive inhibitory effects on carbonic anhydrase and hence potential for ... Acetazolamide is in the diuretic and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor families of medication. It works by decreasing the formation ... The enzyme carbonic anhydrase is found here, allowing the reabsorption of bicarbonate, sodium, and chloride. By inhibiting this ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetazolamide
ZonisamideZonisamide
... may also interact with other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors to increase the potential for metabolic acidosis. ... It is also known to be a weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (similarly to the anticonvulsant topiramate). It is also known to ... Fatigue Influenza-like illness Pyrexia Oedema peripheral Weight loss Zonisamide and other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as ... test in patients taking carbonic anhydrase-inhibiting medications". Epilepsia. 46 (2): 236-43. doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonisamide
Dynamic combinatorial chemistryDynamic combinatorial chemistry
Poulsen, S.-A.; Bornaghi, L. F. (May 2006). "Fragment-based drug discovery of carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors by dynamic ... This approach may be used to identify specific inhibitors or broad-spectrum enzyme inhibitors. DCC is useful in identifying ... Yang, Z.; Fang, Z.; He, W.; Wang, Z.; Gang, H.; Tian, Q.; Guo, K. (Apr 2016). "Identification of inhibitors for vascular ... Shi, B.; Stevenson, R.; Campopiano, D. J.; Greaney, M. F. (Jul 2006). "Discovery of glutathione S-transferase inhibitors using ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_combinatorial_chemistry
List of Romanian inventors and discoverersList of Romanian inventors and discoverers
he proposed the use of carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor acetazolamide to heal peptic ulcers. In 1972 patented the first 100% ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Romanian_inventors_and_discoverers
Competitive inhibitionCompetitive inhibition
is modified to include binding of the inhibitor to the free enzyme:. EI. +. S. ⇌. k. 3. k. −. 3. E. +. S. +. I. ⇌. k. −. 1. k. ... is the inhibitor concentration.. V. max. {\displaystyle V_{\max }}. remains the same because the presence of the inhibitor can ... To compute the concentration of competitive inhibitor [. I. ]. {\displaystyle {\ce {[I]}}}. that yields a fraction f. V. 0. {\ ... At this point, we can define the dissociation constant for the inhibitor as K. i. =. k. −. 3. /. k. 3. {\displaystyle K_{i}=k ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_inhibition
DiureticDiuretic
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitorsEdit. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase which is found in the ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors acetazolamide,[17] dorzolamide Inhibits H+ secretion, resultant promotion of Na+ and K+ excretion ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diuretic
효소 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전효소 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전
"Structural and kinetic characterization of active-site histidine as a proton shuttle in catalysis by human carbonic anhydrase ... Wlodawer A, Vondrasek J (1998). "Inhibitors of HIV-1 protease: a major success of structure-assisted drug design". 》Annual ... "The discovery and development of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors" (PDF). 》J. Lipid Res.》 33 (11): 1569-82. PMID 1464741 ... "Allosteric small-molecule kinase inhibitors" (PDF). 》Pharmacology & Therapeutics》 (영어) 156: 59-68. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera. ...
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/효소
Karbonatna dehidratazaKarbonatna dehidrataza
Murakami, H. and Sly, W.S. (1987). "Purification and characterization of human salivary carbonic anhydrase". J. Biol. Chem. 262 ... Robert A. Copeland (2013). Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery: A Guide for Medicinal Chemists and ... Keilin, D. and Mann, T. (1939). "Carbonic anhydrase". Nature 144: 442-443. ... http://books.google.com/books/about/Evaluation_of_Enzyme_Inhibitors_in_Drug.html?id=l2rMy8QNUk0C. ...
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonatna_dehidrataza
MedicationMedication
Anti-allergy: mast cell inhibitors. *Anti-glaucoma: adrenergic agonists, beta-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/ ... HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for lowering LDL cholesterol inhibitors: hypolipidaemic agents. ... cytotoxic drugs, therapeutic antibodies, sex hormones, aromatase inhibitors, somatostatin inhibitors, recombinant interleukins ... monoamine oxidase inhibitors, lithium salts, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)), antiemetics, Anticonvulsants ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical
Phosphogluconate dehydratasePhosphogluconate dehydratase
Carbonic anhydrase. *Fumarase. *Aconitase. *Enolase *Alpha. *Enolase 2. *Enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-Hydroxyacyl ACP dehydrase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphogluconate_dehydratase
HemoglobinHemoglobin
Through the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, carbon dioxide reacts with water to give carbonic acid, which decomposes into ... hemoglobin ligands also include competitive inhibitors such as carbon monoxide (CO) and allosteric ligands such as carbon ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin_deficiency
Red blood cellRed blood cell
Band 3 - also assembles various glycolytic enzymes, the presumptive CO2 transporter, and carbonic anhydrase into a ... Inhibitors of eryptosis include erythropoietin, nitric oxide, catecholamines and high concentrations of urea. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cells
Primary polydipsiaPrimary polydipsia
... a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Lithium was previously used for treatment of PPD as a direct competitive ADH agonist, but is now ... ACE Inhibitors, such as enalapril Clonidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist Irbesartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_polydipsia
Carbonic anhydraseCarbonic anhydrase
... inhibitor. ReferencesEdit. *^ Badger MR, Price GD (1994). "The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis ... The reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase is: HCO3- + H+ ↽. −. ⇀. {\displaystyle {\ce {,=,,}}}. CO2 + H2O. Carbonic acid has ... Cadmium-containing carbonic anhydraseEdit. Marine diatoms have been found to express a new form of ζ carbonic anhydrase. T. ... Several forms of carbonic anhydrase occur in nature. In the best-studied α-carbonic anhydrase form present in animals, the zinc ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_anhydrase
LevobunololLevobunolol
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/. (sulfonamides). *Acetazolamide. *Brinzolamide (+timolol). *Diclofenamide. *Dorzolamide (+ ... It can also cause severe hypertension (high blood pressure) when combined with sympathomimetic drugs or MAO-A inhibitors, ... Combination with MAO-A inhibitors is also contraindicated because it could cause a dangerous rise in blood pressure.[1] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levobunolol
Aqueous humourAqueous humour
Fluid production can be decreased by beta blockers, alpha2-agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.[7] ... an enzyme inhibited by 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, may be involved in production of aqueous humour.[4] ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_humor
ThiazideThiazide
... or direct vasodilator actions either through inhibition of carbonic anhydrase or by desensitizing the vascular smooth muscle ... Therefore, ACE inhibitor and thiazide combination is used to prevent hypokalemia. Hyperglycemia Hyperlipidemia Hyperuricemia - ... Thiazides have also been replaced by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in Australia due to their propensity to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiazide
BiomineralizationBiomineralization
Carbonic anhydrase serves a role in mineralization in sponges, as well as metazoans, implying an ancestral role.[44] Far from ... inhibitors, and transcription factors - many elements of this 'toolkit' are shared between phyla as diverse as corals, molluscs ... "Sponge paleogenomics reveals an ancient role for carbonic anhydrase in skeletogenesis". Science. 316 (5833): 1893-1895. Bibcode ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomineralisation
COX-2 inhibitorCOX-2 inhibitor
... of NSAID expenditures were for COX-2 inhibitors. Over the period of the study, COX-2 inhibitors rose from 10.03% of total ... "COX-2 Inhibitors and Cancer". Fact Sheet. United States National Cancer Institute. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008.. ... COX-2 inhibitors appear to work as well as nonselective NSAIDS.[5] They have not been compared to other treatment options such ... COX-2 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk". Science. 336 (6087): 1386-7. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1386C. doi:10.1126/science. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COX_inhibitor
Drug designDrug design
... example of the application of structure-based drug design leading to an approved drug is the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ... Another important case study in rational drug design is imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor designed specifically for the bcr ... Small molecules (for example receptor agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists, or modulators; enzyme activators or inhibitors; ... "AutoDock's role in Developing the First Clinically-Approved HIV Integrase Inhibitor". Press Release. The Scripps Research ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_design
AtropineAtropine
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/. (sulfonamides). *Acetazolamide. *Brinzolamide (+timolol, +brimonidine). *Diclofenamide. * ... Also indirect D2 agonists, such as dopamine reuptake inhibitors (cocaine, methylphenidate), releasing agents (amphetamine, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atropine
Enzyme promiscuityEnzyme promiscuity
... and human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)) has shown the main activity is "robust" towards change, whereas the promiscuous ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_promiscuity
5α-Reductase inhibitor5α-Reductase inhibitor
Neurosteroidogenesis inhibitor. References[edit]. *^ a b Ulrike Blume-Peytavi; David A. Whiting; Ralph M. Trüeb (26 June 2008 ... 5α-Reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), also known as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) blockers, are a class of medications with ... Lee JY, Cho KS (May 2018). "Effects of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors: new insights on benefits and harms". Curr Opin Urol. 28 (3 ... Liu, L; Zhao, S; Li, F; Li, E; Kang, R; Luo, L; Luo, J; Wan, S; Zhao, Z (September 2016). "Effect of 5α-Reductase Inhibitors on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5α-Reductase_inhibitor
Diffusion limited enzymeDiffusion limited enzyme
In 1972, it was observed that in the dehydration of H2CO3 catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase, the second-order rate constant ... "H2CO3 as Substrate for Carbonic Anhydrase in the Dehydration of HCO3−". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_perfection
CarbacholCarbachol
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/. (sulfonamides). *Acetazolamide. *Brinzolamide (+timolol). *Diclofenamide. *Dorzolamide (+ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbachol
Ketogenic dietKetogenic diet
A class of anticonvulsants known as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (topiramate, zonisamide) are known to increase the risk of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keto_diet
Ribonuclease inhibitorRibonuclease inhibitor
Guanidinium thiocyanate - a chemical RNase inhibitor.. References[edit]. *^ a b PDB: 2BNH​; Kobe B, Deisenhofer J (1993). " ... Ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) is a large (~450 residues, ~49 kDa), acidic (pI ~4.7), leucine-rich repeat protein that forms ... Top view of porcine ribonuclease inhibitor, showing its horseshoe shape.[1] The outer layer is composed of α-helices and the ... Shapiro R (2001). "Cytoplasmic ribonuclease inhibitor". Methods in Enzymology. 341: 611-28. doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(01)41180-3. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_inhibitor
5α-Reductase inhibitor5α-Reductase inhibitor
Neurosteroidogenesis inhibitor. References[edit]. *^ a b Ulrike Blume-Peytavi; David A. Whiting; Ralph M. Trüeb (26 June 2008 ... 5α-Reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), also known as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) blockers, are a class of medications with ... Liu, L; Zhao, S; Li, F; Li, E; Kang, R; Luo, L; Luo, J; Wan, S; Zhao, Z (September 2016). "Effect of 5α-Reductase Inhibitors on ... Trost L, Saitz TR, Hellstrom WJ (2013). "Side Effects of 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review". Sex Med Rev. 1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-alpha-reductase_inhibitor
HistidineHistidine
In carbonic anhydrases, a histidine proton shuttle is utilized to rapidly shuttle protons away from a zinc-bound water molecule ... See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Monoamine metabolism modulators • Monoamine reuptake inhibitors. Wikimedia Commons ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-Histidine
BronchodilatorBronchodilator
carbonic anhydrase (chloride shift). *oxyhemoglobin. *respiratory quotient. *arterial blood gas. *diffusion capacity (DLCO) ... ACE inhibitors. *Angiotensin II receptor antagonists. *Renin inhibitors. *Antihyperlipidemics *Statins. *Fibrates. *Bile acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchodilator
Cofactor (biochemistry)Cofactor (biochemistry)
... and even cadmium in the carbonic anhydrase from the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii.[19][20] ... Mack M, Grill S (2006). "Riboflavin analogs and inhibitors of riboflavin biosynthesis". Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 71 (3): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofactor_
Avermitilol synthaseAvermitilol synthase
Carbonic anhydrase. *Fumarase. *Aconitase. *Enolase *Alpha. *Enolase 2. *Enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-Hydroxyacyl ACP dehydrase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avermitilol_synthase
Loop diureticLoop diuretic
... and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (blockade of chloride-bicarbonate exchanger pendrin) has been suggested to complement the ... Loop diuretics may also precipitate kidney failure in patients concurrently taking an NSAID and an ACE inhibitor-the so-called ... Thomas MC (February 2000). "Diuretics, ACE inhibitors and NSAIDs--the triple whammy". Med. J. Aust. 172 (4): 184-5. doi:10.5694 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_diuretic
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - WikipediaCarbonic anhydrase inhibitor - Wikipedia
... are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Supuran CT, Scozzafava A, Conway J, eds. (2004). Carbonic anhydrase: its inhibitors and ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a class of pharmaceuticals that suppress the activity of carbonic anhydrase. Their clinical ... "Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and High Altitude Illnesses". In Frost, Susan C.; McKenna, Robert (eds.). Carbonic Anhydrase: ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are primarily used for the treatment of glaucoma. They may also be used to treat seizure disorder ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_anhydrase_inhibitor
RCSB PDB - 1BNQ: CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II INHIBITORRCSB PDB - 1BNQ: CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II INHIBITOR
Structural analysis of inhibitor binding to human carbonic anhydrase II.. Boriack-Sjodin, P.A., Zeitlin, S., Chen, H.H., ... X-ray crystal structures of carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) complexed with sulfonamide inhibitors illuminate the structural ... X-ray crystal structures of carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) complexed with sulfonamide inhibitors illuminate the structural ... the newest carbonic anhydrase inhibitor approved for the treatment of glaucoma.. Organizational Affiliation: Department of ...
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1bnq
RCSB PDB - 3NI5: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: C1 familyRCSB PDB - 3NI5: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: C1 family
Carbonic anhydrase 2. A. 260. Homo sapiens. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: CA2. EC: 4.2.1.1. ... which have been investigated for the inhibition of five physiologically relevant human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) ... which have been investigated for the inhibition of five physiologically relevant human carbonic a ... ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: C1 family. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb3NI5/pdb. *Classification: Lyase/Lyase INHIBITOR ...
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3NI5
List of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants - Drugs.comList of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants - Drugs.com
Compare carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants. View important safety information, ratings, user reviews, popularity and ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants. What are Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants. Carbonic anhydrase ... inhibitor anticonvulsants inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Generally carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used to treat ... Home › Drug Classes › Central Nervous System Agents › Anticonvulsants › Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Anticonvulsants ...
https://www.drugs.com/drug-class/carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitor-anticonvulsants.html
Systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - American Academy of OphthalmologySystemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - American Academy of Ophthalmology
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease aqueous production by inhibiting ion transport associated with the secretion of aqueous ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease aqueous production by inhibiting ion transport associated with the secretion of aqueous ... Adequate inhibition of carbonic anhydrase with systemic administration has been shown to cause a decrease in aqueous humor ...
https://www.aao.org/image/systemic-carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitors
Intraocular Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor - Trip DatabaseIntraocular Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor - Trip Database
Helping you find trustworthy answers on Intraocular Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor , Latest evidence made easy ... Find all the evidence you need on Intraocular Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor via the Trip Database. ... of Drugs Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Antihypertensive Agents Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Enzyme Inhibitors (...) ) surgery the ... Angle-Closure Ocular Hypertension Eye Diseases Acetazolamide Anticonvulsants Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Enzyme Inhibitors ...
https://www.tripdatabase.com/search?criteria=Intraocular+Carbonic+Anhydrase+Inhibitor&page=9
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Phenols and Polyphenols as Carbonic Anhydrase InhibitorsMolecules | Free Full-Text | Phenols and Polyphenols as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
... such as the Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1). CAs reversibly catalyze the fundamental reaction of CO2 hydration to ... Keywords: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs); metalloenzymes; phenols; polyphenols; flavonoids carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ... Phenols and Polyphenols as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors by Anastasia Karioti 1,*, Fabrizio Carta 2. and Claudiu T. Supuran 2,* ... Karioti, A.; Carta, F.; Supuran, C.T. Phenols and Polyphenols as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Molecules 2016, 21, 1649. ...
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/12/1649
Interactions between Excedrin Extra Strength Oral and aspirin-81-mg-salicylates-carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitorsInteractions between Excedrin Extra Strength Oral and aspirin-81-mg-salicylates-carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitors
WebMD provides information about interactions between Excedrin Extra Strength Oral and aspirin-81-mg-salicylates-carbonic- ... Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/Aspirin (, 81 mg); Salicylates Interactions. This information is generalized and not intended as ... Metabolic acidosis induced by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and salicylates in patients with normal renal function. Br Med J ( ... Toxicity of combined therapy with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and aspirin. Am J Ophthalmol 1978 Oct; 86(4):516-9. ...
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-145038/excedrin-extra-strength-oral/details/list-interaction-details/dmid-175/dmtitle-aspirin-81-mg-salicylates-carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitors/intrtype-drug
A class of sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with neuropathic pain modulating effects. - PubMed - NCBIA class of sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with neuropathic pain modulating effects. - PubMed - NCBI
A class of sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with neuropathic pain modulating effects.. Carta F1, Di Cesare Mannelli L2 ... A series of benzene sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors which incorporate lipophilic 4-alkoxy- and 4- ... These derivatives were investigated as inhibitors of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) of which multiple ... In a mice model of neuropathic pain induced by oxaliplatin, one of the strong CA II/VII inhibitors reported here induced a long ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766630
Carbonic Anhydrase as Drug Target - Thermodynamics and Structure of Inhibitor Binding | Daumantas Matulis | SpringerCarbonic Anhydrase as Drug Target - Thermodynamics and Structure of Inhibitor Binding | Daumantas Matulis | Springer
... with a particular focus on inhibitor binding for drug design. Illustrated with numerous X-ray crystallographic structures. ... deep insights into the thermodynamics and molecular structures of the twelve catalytically active isoforms of human carbonic ... Carbonic Anhydrase as Drug Target. Book Subtitle. Thermodynamics and Structure of Inhibitor Binding. Editors. * Daumantas ... Carbonic Anhydrase as Drug Target. Thermodynamics and Structure of Inhibitor Binding. Editors: Matulis, Daumantas (Ed.) ...
https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783030127787?wt_mc=ThirdParty.SpringerLink.3.EPR653.About_eBook
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS | Pharmacological ReviewsCARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS | Pharmacological Reviews
Thank you for sharing this Pharmacological Reviews article.. NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient that it was you who recommended this article, and that it is not junk mail. We do not retain these email addresses.. ...
https://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/8/2/137
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the membrane-bound human isozyme IV with anions. - PubMed - NCBICarbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the membrane-bound human isozyme IV with anions. - PubMed - NCBI
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the membrane-bound human isozyme IV with anions.. Innocenti A1, Firnges MA, Antel ... The membrane-associated human isozyme of carbonic anhydrase, hCA IV, has been investigated for its interaction with anion ... Sulfate was a good hCA IV inhibitor (K(i) of 9 mM), although it is a much weaker inhibitor of isozymes I, II, V and IX. ... the best hCA IV inhibitor among the halides, are weak inhibitors of other isozymes, such as hCA I, II and V. The metal poisons ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15501038
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (Oral Route, Parenteral Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo ClinicCarbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (Oral Route, Parenteral Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo Clinic
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used to treat glaucoma. Acetazolamide is also used as an anticonvulsant to control certain ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitor-oral-route-parenteral-route/description/drg-20069373
3D-QSAR study of benzene sulfonamide analogs as carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors3D-QSAR study of benzene sulfonamide analogs as carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors
... studies were performed for a series of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and ... 3D-QSAR study of benzene sulfonamide analogs as carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 May 15;20(10):3089- ... The large set of 37 different aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors, such as CA II ... studies were performed for a series of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20443227/
Unilateral Glaucoma Medication: Beta-adrenergic blockers, Alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors,...Unilateral Glaucoma Medication: Beta-adrenergic blockers, Alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors,...
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Class Summary. Enzyme found in many tissues of the body, including the eye. Catalyzes a ... Medications used to decrease aqueous production include beta-blockers (topical), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (topical and/or ... Cultured Cells and Inhibitor May Restore Cornea in Patients with Bullous Keratopathy ... Catalyzes reversible reaction involving hydration of carbon dioxide and dehydration of carbonic acid. May use concomitantly ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1207362-medication
Azobenzene-based inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase IIAzobenzene-based inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase II
... In: Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 11: pp. 1129-1135 ... Aryl sulfonamides are a widely used drug class for the inhibition of carbonic anhydrases. In the context of our program of ... interested in the exploration of azobenzene-containing sulfonamides to block the catalytic activity of human carbonic anhydrase ...
https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34185/
Saccharin Sulfonamides as Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrases I, II, VII, XII, and XIIISaccharin Sulfonamides as Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrases I, II, VII, XII, and XIII
W. S. Sly and P. Y. Hu, "Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase deficiencies," Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol. 64 ... Saccharin Sulfonamides as Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrases I, II, VII, XII, and XIII. Vaida Morkūnaitė,1 Lina Baranauskienė,1 ... C. T. Supuran, "Carbonic anhydrases: novel therapeutic applications for inhibitors and activators," Nature Reviews Drug ... Sulfonamides are the most investigated inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases. Primary SO2NH2 group binds to zinc atom in the active ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/638902/
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor legal definition of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitorCarbonic anhydrase inhibitor legal definition of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
What is Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor? Meaning of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor as a legal term. What does Carbonic anhydrase ... Definition of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor legal definition of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ ... inhibitor. (redirected from Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Acronyms, ...
https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Carbonic+anhydrase+inhibitor
Which medications in the drug class Antiglaucoma, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors are used in the treatment of Sturge-Weber...Which medications in the drug class Antiglaucoma, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors are used in the treatment of Sturge-Weber...
Dorzolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes, which decrease... more ... Carbonic Anhydrase InhibitorsThese agents lower IOP by decreasing aqueous production.Dorzolamide (Trusopt) ... Which medications in the drug class Antiglaucoma, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors are used in the treatment of Sturge-Weber ... Antiglaucoma, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. These agents lower IOP by decreasing aqueous production. ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/1177523-170059/which-medications-in-the-drug-class-antiglaucoma-carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitors-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-sturge-weber-syndrome
Juvenile Glaucoma Medication: Prostaglandin Agonists, Antiglaucoma, Beta-Blockers, Alpha Agonists, Ophthalmic, Antiglaucoma,...Juvenile Glaucoma Medication: Prostaglandin Agonists, Antiglaucoma, Beta-Blockers, Alpha Agonists, Ophthalmic, Antiglaucoma,...
Antiglaucoma, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Class Summary. By slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions, causing a reduction ... Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that decreases aqueous humor secretion, causing a decrease in IOP. This agent ... Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have significant adverse effects, including tiredness, malaise, and anorexia. Because of an ... Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have significant adverse effects, including tiredness, malaise, and anorexia. Because of an ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1207051-medication
Novel Carborane Based Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase IX » Linkos.czNovel Carborane Based Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase IX » Linkos.cz
CAIX is a transmembrane isoform of carbonic anhydrase with an extracellular-facing catalytic site and therefore is well ... inhibitors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of new carboranes with functional sulfonamide residues on CAIX ... Introduction Carborane-based compounds have emerged as promising lead structures for the development of carbonic anhydrase (CA ... Novel Carborane Based Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Konference: 2015 XI. Dny diagnostické, prediktivní a experimentální ...
https://www.linkos.cz/lekar-a-multidisciplinarni-tym/kongresy/po-kongresu/databaze-tuzemskych-onkologickych-konferencnich-abstrakt/novel-carborane-based-inhibitors-of-carbonic-anhydrase-ix/
Intrinsic thermodynamics of sulfonamide inhibitor binding to human carbonic anhydrases I and II. | Sigma-AldrichIntrinsic thermodynamics of sulfonamide inhibitor binding to human carbonic anhydrases I and II. | Sigma-Aldrich
Intrinsic thermodynamics of sulfonamide inhibitor binding to human carbonic anhydrases I and II.. [Vaida Morkūnaitė, Joana ... Carbonic Anhydrase Isozyme II human, ≥80%, powder, ≥3,000 W-A units/mg protein pricing ... Human carbonic anhydrase (CA) I and II are cytosolic proteins, where their expression disorders can cause diseases such as ... There are numerous inhibitors that target these isozymes, but it is difficult to design compounds that could bind to one of ...
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/24758348
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ds | definition of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ds by Medical dictionaryCarbonic anhydrase inhibitor d's | definition of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor d's by Medical dictionary
... carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ds explanation free. What is carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ds? Meaning of carbonic anhydrase ... inhibitor ds medical term. What does carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ds mean? ... Looking for online definition of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ds in the Medical Dictionary? ... carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ds. inhibit carbonic anhydrase activity and inhibit ion exchange mechanisms especially that of ...
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/carbonic+anhydrase+inhibitor+d
Leki refundowane - Cena i zamienniki leku carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Oral, ParenteralLeki refundowane - Cena i zamienniki leku carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Oral, Parenteral
Sprawdź ile zapłacisz za lek carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Oral, Parenteral w aptece, znajdź tańsze zamienniki leku. Określ ...
http://leki-refundowane.com/leki/carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitor-oral,-parenteral.htm
Enhanced Ocular Bioavailability Of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Formulation With Novel Nanopolymers | IOVS | ARVO JournalsEnhanced Ocular Bioavailability Of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Formulation With Novel Nanopolymers | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Enhanced Ocular Bioavailability Of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Formulation With Novel Nanopolymers You will receive an email ... Tapan Shah, Jun Inoue; Enhanced Ocular Bioavailability Of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Formulation With Novel Nanopolymers. ... of this paper is to present a novel ophthalmic composition comprising a hyperbranched polymer with carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ...
https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2351987
Inhibition of Human Aquaporin-1 Water Channel Activity by Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors | IOVS | ARVO JournalsInhibition of Human Aquaporin-1 Water Channel Activity by Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Conclusions:: Water permeability of AQP1 cRNA injected oocytes was inhibited by three different carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. ... Inhibition of Human Aquaporin-1 Water Channel Activity by Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors ... Inhibition of Human Aquaporin-1 Water Channel Activity by Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors ... a carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor, inhibits AQP1 activity. The purpose of this study was to determine if the effect of ...
https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2385533
PRIME PubMed | 4-Functionalized 1,3-diarylpyrazoles bearing 6-aminosulfonylbenzothiazole moiety as potent inhibitors of...PRIME PubMed | 4-Functionalized 1,3-diarylpyrazoles bearing 6-aminosulfonylbenzothiazole moiety as potent inhibitors of...
3-diarylpyrazoles bearing 6-aminosulfonylbenzothiazole moiety as potent inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase isoforms hCA I, II, IX ... BenzothiazolesCarbonic Anhydrase ICarbonic Anhydrase IICarbonic Anhydrase IXCarbonic Anhydrase InhibitorsCarbonic Anhydrases ... selective inhibitors of the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases IX and XII.. *Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the ... Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX and XII with novel Schiff bases: identification of selective inhibitors for ...
https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25456084/4_Functionalized_13_diarylpyrazoles_bearing_6_aminosulfonylbenzothiazole_moiety_as_potent_inhibitors_of_carbonic_anhydrase_isoforms_hCA_I_II_IX_and_XII_
A Patients Guide to Glaucoma: Section 7-C-4: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs)A Patients Guide to Glaucoma: Section 7-C-4: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs)
Section 7-C-4: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs) The topical CAIs include dorzolamide (Trusopt) and brinzolamide (Azopt). ... Combination beta-blocker and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: timolol maleate/dorzolamide hydrochloride (Cosopt, Merck Co., ... The CAIs inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which in turn, reduces aqueous humor formation. Patients are typically placed ...
http://www.medrounds.org/glaucoma-guide/2006/10/section-7-c-4-carbonic-anhydrase.html
Phenolic Compounds as Antioxidants: Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzymes Inhibitors | Bentham SciencePhenolic Compounds as Antioxidants: Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzymes Inhibitors | Bentham Science
Phenolic Compounds as Antioxidants: Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzymes Inhibitors. Author(s): Ilhami Gulcin, Sukru Beydemir Ataturk ... Ilhami Gulcin and Sukru Beydemir, "Phenolic Compounds as Antioxidants: Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzymes Inhibitors", Mini-Reviews ... Carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1., CA) is a pH regulatory/metabolic enzyme in all life kingdoms, being found in organisms all ... Carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1., CA) is a pH regulatory/metabolic enzyme in all life kingdoms, being found in organisms all ...
https://www.eurekaselect.com/106810/article?tracking-code=4
THE ANTICONVULSANT ACTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE: INTERACTION WITH RESERPINE AND INHIBITORS OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE | Journal of...THE ANTICONVULSANT ACTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE: INTERACTION WITH RESERPINE AND INHIBITORS OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE | Journal of...
THE ANTICONVULSANT ACTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE: INTERACTION WITH RESERPINE AND INHIBITORS OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE. WILLIAM D. GRAY ... THE ANTICONVULSANT ACTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE: INTERACTION WITH RESERPINE AND INHIBITORS OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE. WILLIAM D. GRAY ... THE ANTICONVULSANT ACTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE: INTERACTION WITH RESERPINE AND INHIBITORS OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE. WILLIAM D. GRAY ... The results support the belief that the anticonvulsant action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is mediated by disequilibrium of ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/163/2/431
AcetazolamideDorzolamideEnzymeCAIsIsoenzymesCarbon dioxideBeta-blockersDiureticsIntraocular pressureActivity of carbonicBrinzolamideMethazolamideDrug that weakly inhibits carbonic anhydraseSulfonamidesAntiglaucomaTopical carbonicTopiramateCompoundsPotent inhibitorsBicarbonateHydrationRenalInhibition of carbonic anhydraseDefinition of carbonicCAIXInhibitTreatment of glaucomaAnticonvulsantsMammalian carbonic anhydraseOphthalmicDrugsDecrease aqueous productionCrystallographyDiureticIsozymeHumanIsozymesAbstractSulfonamide CA inhibitorsCAIIOralBenzeneAcidDerivatives
Acetazolamide17
  • Müller cells have bicarbonate-related transport mechanisms that control movement of potassium and sodium ions (and thus fluid), partly explaining the role for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as acetazolamide in the treatment of cystoid macular edema. (tripdatabase.com)
  • Acetazolamide is an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. (wikipedia.org)
  • For the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP), acetazolamide inactivates carbonic anhydrase and interferes with the sodium pump, which decreases aqueous humor formation and thus lowers IOP. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Earlier reports have claimed that acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor, inhibits AQP1 activity. (arvojournals.org)
  • The purpose of this study was to determine if the effect of acetazolamide was a compound-specific or other CA inhibitors have the same effect on AQP1 activity. (arvojournals.org)
  • The Pf values for AQP1 cRNA injected oocytes in the presence of acetazolamide and two other CA inhibitors, AL-5733A and AL-6950 were 144 +/- 37 (p = 0.0143), 111 +/- 3 (p = 0.0015) and 83 +/- 12 (p = 0.0006), respectively. (arvojournals.org)
  • The inhibition of the tumor-associated transmembrane carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) isozyme has been investigated with a series of aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides, including the six clinically used derivatives acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, dichlorophenamide, dorzolamide and brinzolamide. (nih.gov)
  • Similarly to the clinically used drugs acetazolamide, methazolamide and topiramate, E7070 showed inhibition constants in the range of 15-31nM against isozymes I, II and IX, being slightly less effective as a CA IV inhibitor (K(i) of 65nM). (semanticscholar.org)
  • The best Zn-Cam inhibitors were sulfamic acid and acetazolamide, with inhibition constants in the range of 63-96 nM, whereas other investigated aromatic/heterocylic sulfonamides showed a rather levelled behavior, with K I s in the range of 0.12-1.70 μM. (elsevier.com)
  • Acetazolamide exerts its diuretic effect by inhi- bition of renal carbonic anhydrase (Maren. (kidneytreatment.site)
  • infused acetazolamide (a CA inhibitor) in CA 11-deficient pa- tients. (kidneytreatment.site)
  • Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor which can cause partial renal tubular acidosis and hypokalemia as a side effect. (kidneytreatment.site)
  • Acetazolamide is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, effective in the control of fluid secretion, in the treatment of certain convulsive disorders and in the promotion of diuresis in instances of abnormal fluid retention. (pharmacycode.com)
  • In contrast to acetazolamide and methazolamide, it is a very weak inhibitor of human CA isoenzyme I. Dorzolamide has been observed to be a very good ocular penetrator in rabbits following topical dosing. (elsevier.com)
  • Acetazolamide belongs to a group of drugs called carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, which help to reduce amount of fluid in the eye and to reduce adverse symptoms when at high altitudes. (medicineshoppe.com)
  • The effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition with acetazolamide (Acz, 10 mg/kg) on the ventilatory response to an abrupt switch into hyperoxia (end-tidal PO2 = 450 Torr) and hypoxia (end-tidal PO2 = 50 Torr) was examined in five male subjects [30 +/- 3 (SE) yr]. (biomedsearch.com)
Dorzolamide8
  • dorzolamide/timolol) Alpha agonist/ carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (eg, brimonidine/brinzolamide) Laser therapy Laser can be used as primary or adjunctive treatment. (tripdatabase.com)
  • Dorzolamide is a sulfonamide and topical carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (dorzolamide, brinzolamide) are used as second-line therapy in the treatment of POAG. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Dorzolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes, which decreases aqueous humor formation. (medscape.com)
  • Dorzolamide is a reversible carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that may decrease aqueous humor secretion, causing a decrease in IOP. (medscape.com)
  • Dorzolamide (TRUSOPT) and brinzolamide (AZOPT) both work by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase (isoenzyme II), which is found in the ciliary body epithelium . (eyewiki.org)
  • Dorzolamide hydrochloride is a water-soluble potent inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes II and IV. (elsevier.com)
  • Dorzolamide is metabolized in the liver by N-deethylation and N- deethyldorzolamide is an inhibitor of CA isoenzymes I, II and IV. (elsevier.com)
Enzyme15
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. (drugs.com)
  • X-ray crystallographic structures in combination with enzyme kinetic testing provide information on the interaction of CAs and their inhibitors, knowledge which is crucial for rational drug design. (springer.com)
  • The membrane-associated human isozyme of carbonic anhydrase, hCA IV, has been investigated for its interaction with anion inhibitors, for the CO(2) hydration reaction catalyzed by this enzyme. (nih.gov)
  • The CAIs inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which in turn, reduces aqueous humor formation. (medrounds.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase which is found in the proximal convoluted tubule. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase (CAse) is an enzyme which catalyses the reversible reaction H2O + CO2 ←→ H2CO3. (pharmacy180.com)
  • In support of Ray's views of CO2 as one of the main factors in mitochondrial biogenesis and health, and as such in a host of health conditions, this study found that carbonic anhydrase levels are higher and the enzyme itself is more active in both aging and degenerative conditions. (raypeatforum.com)
  • Sitagliptin is an orally-active inhibitor of the dipeptidyl peptidase -4 (DPP-4) enzyme. (rxlist.com)
  • Their results shown that the resection of enzyme-inhibitor is prevailed by the short-range van der Waals forces (7). (orientjchem.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a seemingly ubiquitous enzyme of profound physiological importance, which plays essential roles in respiration, acid-base homeostasis, bone resorption, calcification, photosynthesis, several biosynthetic pathways and a variety of processes involving ion, gas and fluid transfer. (springer.com)
  • Since the early use of CA inhibitors as diuretics and in treating congestive heart failure, the enzyme has been target of considerable clinical attention. (springer.com)
  • As a result, monophenyl indenoquinolines 16-18 may have promising anti-Alzheimer drug potential and 3,8-dibromoindenoquinoline amine (15f) can be novel hCA I and hCA II enzyme inhibitors. (cumhuriyet.edu.tr)
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are pharmaceutical substances that repress the action of carbonic anhydrase , which is an enzyme that plays a major role in regulating pH and fluid levels in the human body. (visionaware.org)
  • An anhydrase is defined as an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a water molecule from a compound, and so it is this "reverse" reaction that gives carbonic anhydrase its name, because it removes a water molecule from carbonic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme which converts carbon dioxide (CO2) to bicarbonate and a proton (hydrogen ion. (rainbow.coop)
CAIs6
  • Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) took many years to develop - due to the poor side-effect profile of oral CAIs - but were an important addition to the treatment of POAG. (eyewiki.org)
  • Blockade of carbonic anhydrase by CAIs in local tissues reduces the formation of bicarbonate ions, thus reducing fluid transport and IOP. (eyewiki.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) reduce eye pressure by decreasing the production of intraocular fluid. (kidneytreatment.site)
  • As such, a subset of these mercaptoquinazolin-4(3H)-one compounds represented interesting leads for developing new efficient and selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) for the management of a variety of diseases including glaucoma , epilepsy , arthritis and cancer . (bvsalud.org)
  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs) have been used to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) for over 70 years. (new-glaucoma-treatments.com)
  • Thus, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) are drugs that decrease pressure in the eye by reducing the amount of fluid produced by the eye itself. (visionaware.org)
Isoenzymes8
  • It exists as a number of isoenzymes, the most active of which is carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II). (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, there are given some chemical and kinetic basis and technical details related to phenolic antioxidant compounds and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Then the wild thought just came out of nowhere - what if thiamine was also a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor but at different isoenzymes and with different. (raypeatforum.com)
  • Topiramate as an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes. (kidneytreatment.site)
  • Human carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play essential roles in many pathological processes and several CA isoenzymes thus represent diagnostic and therapeutic targets. (imtm.cz)
  • We have developed selective CAIX inhibitors with anticancer properties based on carborane scaffold to the structure-assisted design of novel and original inhibitors targeting therapeutically relevant isoenzymes of human carbonic anhydrase. (imtm.cz)
  • Novelty, in brief, is represented by the intended elaboration of carborane, heteroborane and metalloborane compounds as active-site inhibitors of CA isoenzymes. (imtm.cz)
  • Novelty, in brief, is represented by the intended elaboration of carborane, heteroborane and metallaborane compounds as active-site inhibitors of CA isoenzymes. (imtm.cz)
Carbon dioxide9
  • Catalyzes a reversible reaction where carbon dioxide becomes hydrated and carbonic acid dehydrated. (medscape.com)
  • Catalyzes reversible reaction involving hydration of carbon dioxide and dehydration of carbonic acid. (medscape.com)
  • Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) belong to the lyase family of enzymes and catalyze the reversible reaction of carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate ion and proton. (hindawi.com)
  • Chemically, carbonic anhydrase catalyzes carbon dioxide (CO2) hydration and conversion to carbonic acid (H2CO3), which freely dissociates into bicarbonate anions and protons. (eyewiki.org)
  • dissociation of carbonic acid into water and carbon dioxide in the proximal. (kidneytreatment.site)
  • The carbonic anhydrases (CA) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons (or vice versa), a reversible reaction that occurs relatively slowly in the absence of a catalyst. (orientjchem.org)
  • Zn(2+)-dependent carbonic anhydrases (CA) catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and participate in diverse physiological processes, hence having manifold therapeutic potentials. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases ) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and hydrogen ions ). (wikipedia.org)
  • In the lungs carbonic anhydrase converts bicarbonate to carbon dioxide, suited for exhalation. (wikipedia.org)
Beta-blockers4
  • Medications used to decrease aqueous production include beta-blockers (topical), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (topical and/or oral), and alpha 2-agonists. (medscape.com)
  • Many current treatments to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with glaucoma -- beta blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors --work by suppressing the production or inflow of fluid (aqueous humor). (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Glaucoma Pharmaceuticals Markets, forecasts the market and identifies key issues, trends, and competitive analysis for such products as: pilocarpine drugs, andrenergic agonists, beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) and prostaglandin analogues. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors typically have a weaker effect than beta blockers. (medscape.com)
Diuretics4
  • citation needed] Some diuretics inhibit the activity of carbonic anhydrase in proximal convoluted tubules and prevent reabsorption of bicarbonates from renal tubules. (wikipedia.org)
  • For the same degree of natriuresis CAse inhibitors cause the most marked kaliuresis compared to other diuretics. (pharmacy180.com)
  • T50.2X4S is a billable diagnosis code used to specify a medical diagnosis of poisoning by carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors, benzothiadiazides and other diuretics, undetermined, sequela. (icdlist.com)
  • T50.2X4S is a sequela code, includes a 7th character and should be used for complications that arise as a direct result of a condition like poisoning by carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors benzothiadiazides and other diuretics undetermined. (icdlist.com)
Intraocular pressure2
  • citation needed] Brinzolamide (trade names Azopt, Alcon Laboratories, Inc, Befardin Fardi Medicals) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to lower intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. (wikipedia.org)
  • MK-417, a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor capable of reducing intraocular pressure after topical application, is currently under investigation for the treatment of glaucoma. (aspetjournals.org)
Activity of carbonic5
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a class of pharmaceuticals that suppress the activity of carbonic anhydrase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Darzi N, Morsali A, Beyramabadi S. A. Prediction of activity of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drugs based on QSAR studies. (orientjchem.org)
  • They investigated the effects of Balabanindexesin predicting activity of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (10).Also,Felegari,Quantum chemical calculations performed another research based on DFT method for evaluation of anticancer drugs Cyclophosphamide.The results of this work revealed that quantum parameters affecting anticancer activity (11). (orientjchem.org)
  • Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) has been developed as non-linear models to establish quantitative structure- activity relationships (QSAR) between structural descriptors and biochemical activity of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (ac.ir)
  • Appearance and Activity of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Is normally Connected with Metabolic Dysfunction in MDA-MB-231. (aksumuniversity.org)
Brinzolamide2
  • Structure-activity relationships rationalize affinity trends observed during the development of brinzolamide (Azopt), the newest carbonic anhydrase inhibitor approved for the treatment of glaucoma. (rcsb.org)
  • Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (Brinzolamide) and alpha 2 agonists (Brimonidine) are common choices as additive medicines. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Methazolamide2
Drug that weakly inhibits carbonic anhydrase1
  • Zonisamide is another sulfur containing antiseizure drug that weakly inhibits carbonic anhydrase. (wikipedia.org)
Sulfonamides14
  • These sulfonamides showed modest inhibition against the cytosolic isoform CA I, but were generally effective, low nanomolar CA II, VII, IX and XII inhibitors. (nih.gov)
  • The large set of 37 different aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors, such as CA II chosen for the present study. (nih.gov)
  • Aryl sulfonamides are a widely used drug class for the inhibition of carbonic anhydrases. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In the context of our program of photochromic pharmacophores we were interested in the exploration of azobenzene-containing sulfonamides to block the catalytic activity of human carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII). (uni-muenchen.de)
  • A series of modified saccharin sulfonamides have been designed as carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors and synthesized. (hindawi.com)
  • Heterocyclic sulfonamides are the most investigated CA inhibitors. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we describe the binding properties of saccharin sulfonamides [ 10 ] as CA inhibitors. (hindawi.com)
  • The binding of four saccharin sulfonamides (including saccharin itself, chemical structures shown in Figure 1 ) to five isoforms of human recombinant catalytic domains of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) was determined by the fluorescent thermal shift assay (FTSA) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). (hindawi.com)
  • Several nanomolar (K(I)-s in the range of 14-50 nM) CA IX inhibitors have been detected, both among the aromatic (such as orthanilamide, homosulfonilamide, 4-carboxy-benzenesulfonamide, 1-naphthalenesulfonamide and 1,3-benzenedisulfonamide derivatives) as well as the heterocylic (such as 1,3,4-thiadizole-2-sulfonamide, etc.) sulfonamides examined. (nih.gov)
  • A large number of new sulfonamides have been synthesized and assayed as possible inhibitors of CA isoforms involved in lipogenesis. (eurekaselect.com)
  • A detailed inhibition study of carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) belonging to the β- and γ-families from Archaea with sulfonamides has been performed. (elsevier.com)
  • Thus, the three CA families investigated up to now possess a very diverse affinity for sulfonamides, the inhibitors with important medicinal, and environmental applications. (elsevier.com)
  • 2] Guzel O., Salman A., Supuran C.T., Synthesis of 2,4,6-Trimethylpyridinium Derivatives of 2- Hydrazinocarbonyl)-3-Aryl-1H-Indole-5-Sulfonamides Acting as Potent Inhibitors of the Tumor-Associated Isoform IX and XII, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters , 19 , p.2931 (2009). (ac.ir)
  • o-Benzenedisulfonimido-sulfonamides are potent inhibitors of the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms CA IX and CA XII. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
Antiglaucoma2
  • Several aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamide scaffolds have been used to synthesize compounds incorporating NO-donating moieties of the nitrate ester type, which have been investigated for the inhibition of five physiologically relevant human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms: hCA I (offtarget), II, IV and XII (antiglaucoma targets) and IX (antitumor target). (rcsb.org)
  • Which medications in the drug class Antiglaucoma, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors are used in the treatment of Sturge-Weber Syndrome? (medscape.com)
Topical carbonic1
  • Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors MK-507 and sezolamide hydrochloride (previously known as MK-417) were compared in a double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 82 patients with bilateral primary openangle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. (nyu.edu)
Topiramate4
  • The sulfur-containing antiseizure and antimigraine drug topiramate is a weak inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, particularly subtypes II and IV. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been proved that topiramate also inhibits lipogenesis in adipocytes, similarly to other sulfonamide CA inhibitors investigated earlier. (eurekaselect.com)
  • The best Co-Cam inhibitors were topiramate and p-aminoethyl-benzenesulfonamide, with K I s in the range of 0.12-0.13 μM, whereas the worst one was homosulfanilamide (K I of 8.50 μM). (elsevier.com)
  • Risk factors for metformin-associated lactic acidosis include renal impairment, concomitant use of certain drugs (e.g., carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as topiramate), age 65 years old or greater, having a radiological study with contrast, surgery and other procedures, hypoxic states (e.g., acute congestive heart failure), excessive alcohol intake, and hepatic impairment. (rxlist.com)
Compounds11
  • The physical and chemical properties of phenolic compounds make these molecules versatile ligands, capable of interacting with a wide range of targets, such as the Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1). (mdpi.com)
  • Carborane-based compounds have emerged as promising lead structures for the development of carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors. (linkos.cz)
  • There are numerous inhibitors that target these isozymes, but it is difficult to design compounds that could bind to one of these proteins specifically. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • These three compounds share some features important for both CA and AQP1 inhibition suggesting that these inhibitors may play a role in IOP regulation partly by modulating water flow via AQP1 channel. (arvojournals.org)
  • The phenolic compounds and acids had marked especially CA I and CA II inhibitory effects and might be used as leads for generating CA isoenzyme inhibitors. (eurekaselect.com)
  • This class of compounds may lead to isoform-selective inhibitors targeting just one or few of the medicinally relevant CAs. (eurekaselect.com)
  • In the case of Cab, the inhibitory power of these compounds varied to a much larger extent, with sulfamic acid and sulfamide showing millimolar affinities (K I s in the range of 44-103 mM), whereas the best inhibitor was ethoxzolamide, with a K I of 5.35 μM. (elsevier.com)
  • Coordination Compounds of Chlorothiazide With Transition Metal Ions Behave as Strong Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors," Metal-Based Drugs , vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 79-83, 1996. (hindawi.com)
  • Inhibitory action of newly synthesised 4-(2-(2-substituted-thio-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)ethyl)benzenesulfonamides compounds 2-13 against human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) (hCA) isoforms I, II, IX, and XII, was evaluated. (bvsalud.org)
  • The beta-lactam compounds were tested as inhibitors of the CA isoenzyme activity. (comu.edu.tr)
  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Natural Food Compounds. (rainbow.coop)
Potent inhibitors2
  • TY - JOUR T1 - 4-Functionalized 1,3-diarylpyrazoles bearing 6-aminosulfonylbenzothiazole moiety as potent inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase isoforms hCA I, II, IX and XII. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • CA II/IX potent inhibitors belonging to the sulfamate class are thus valuable clinical candidates with potential for development as antitumor agents with a multifactorial mechanism of action. (proteopedia.org)
Bicarbonate8
  • Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase II in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases aqueous humor secretion, presumably by slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions with subsequent reduction in sodium and fluid transport. (wikipedia.org)
  • A more immediate treatment is carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, which prevent bicarbonate uptake in the kidney and help correct the alkalosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • By slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions, causing a reduction in sodium and fluid transport, these agents may inhibit carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye. (medscape.com)
  • Systemic absorption can affect carbonic anhydrase in the kidney, reducing hydrogen ion secretion at the renal tubule and increasing renal excretion of sodium, potassium bicarbonate, and water. (medscape.com)
  • Aqueous humor secretion depends on the production of bicarbonate (HCO-3) from carbonic anhydrase II, an isoenzyme found in the non-pigmented ciliary body epithelium. (eyewiki.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce the body's uptake of bicarbonate ions and decrease salt absorption, which has the effect of lowering fluid levels in the body. (visionaware.org)
  • Cancer cells utilize carbonic anhydrases (CAs) to maintain a balance between intracellular alkalization for their proliferation and extracellular acidification of tumor microenvironment for their invasiveness by catalyzing the reversible hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ) and protons (H + ), serving their critical role in tumor progression [ 9 - 14 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Carbonic acid has a pK a of around 6.36 (the exact value depends on the medium) so at pH 7 a small percentage of the bicarbonate is protonated. (wikipedia.org)
Hydration2
  • Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes reversible hydration of. (kidneytreatment.site)
  • Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes cyanamide hydration to urea: is it mimicking the physiological reaction? (proteopedia.org)
Renal5
  • 1.Cowan RA, Hartnell GG, Lowdell CP, Baird IM, Leak AM. Metabolic acidosis induced by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and salicylates in patients with normal renal function. (webmd.com)
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor suppresses invasion of renal cancer cells in vitro. (kidneytreatment.site)
  • also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. (proteopedia.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome (osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and brain calcification): novel mutations in CA2 identified by direct sequencing expand the opportunity for genotype-phenotype correlation. (proteopedia.org)
  • Carbonic Anhydrase IX Appearance in apparent Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Research Evaluating 2 Antibodies. (aksumuniversity.org)
Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase1
  • In rare cases, the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase may be strong enough to cause metabolic acidosis of clinical importance. (wikipedia.org)
Definition of carbonic1
  • Looking for online definition of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor in the Medical. (kidneytreatment.site)
CAIX5
  • CAIX is a transmembrane isoform of carbonic anhydrase with an extracellular-facing catalytic site and therefore is well positioned to act in the control of tumor pH, and is overexpressed in various solid tumors. (linkos.cz)
  • In future, novel carboranes with functional sulfonamide residues may serve as selective inhibitors of CAIX, and potential drugs in anticancer treatment. (linkos.cz)
  • Selected sulfamides incorporate cluster with inhibitory effects toward CAs (IC50 values in the submicromolar and nanomolar range, some of the inhibitors being more than 50-times more selective toward the tumor-specific CAIX than for CAII abundantly present in normal tissues). (imtm.cz)
  • Carborane-based carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: insight into CAII/CAIX specificity from a high-resolution crystal structure, modeling, and quantum chemical calculations. (imtm.cz)
  • PubMed] [15] Pastorekova S, Parkkila S, Parkkila A, Opavsky R, Zelnik V, Saarnio J, Pastorek J. Carbonic Anhydrase IX, MN/CAIX: Evaluation of Tummy Complementary DNA Series and Appearance in Individual and Rat Alimentary Tracts Gastroenterology. (aksumuniversity.org)
Inhibit1
  • To explore the structure-activity relationship (SAR), their inhibition potentials to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and human carbonic anhydrase cyctosolic (hCA I and II) enzymes were determined. (cumhuriyet.edu.tr)
Treatment of glaucoma1
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are primarily used for the treatment of glaucoma. (wikipedia.org)
Anticonvulsants1
  • Zonisamide, brand name Zonegran, is in a class of medications called carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants. (healthcentral.com)
Mammalian carbonic anhydrase2
  • The new antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 was investigated for its interaction with twelve catalytically active mammalian carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isozymes, hCA I - XIV. (proteopedia.org)
  • Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies. (proteopedia.org)
Ophthalmic1
  • The purpose of this paper is to present a novel ophthalmic composition comprising a hyperbranched polymer with carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI). (arvojournals.org)
Drugs1
  • In between, Benzene sulphonamides important group of drugs that is capable of inhibiting carbonic anhydrase. (orientjchem.org)
Decrease aqueous production1
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease aqueous production by inhibiting ion transport associated with the secretion of aqueous humor. (aao.org)
Crystallography1
  • X-Ray Crystallography of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Its Importance in Drug Design (Vincenzo Alterio, Anna Di Fiore, Katia D'Ambrosio, Claudiu T. (thefreedictionary.com)
Diuretic1
  • Generally carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used to treat epilepsy , glaucoma , mountain sickness, and is used as a diuretic. (drugs.com)
Isozyme6
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the membrane-bound human isozyme IV with anions. (nih.gov)
  • Because CA IX is a highly active isozyme predominantly expressed in tumor tissues with poor prognosis of disease progression, this finding is very promising for the potential design of CA IX-specific inhibitors with applications as anti-tumor agents. (nih.gov)
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: E7070, a sulfonamide anticancer agent, potently inhibits cytosolic isozymes I and II, and transmembrane, tumor-associated isozyme IX. (semanticscholar.org)
  • 1] Fiore A.D., Simone G.D., Menchise V., Pedone C., Supuran C.T., Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: X-ray Crystal Structure of a Benzenesulfonamide Strong CA II and CA IX Inhibitor Bearing a Pentafluorophenylaminothioureido Tail in Complex with Isozyme II, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 15 , p.1937 (2005). (ac.ir)
  • Crystal structure of the secretory isozyme of mammalian carbonic anhydrases CA VI: implications for biological assembly and inhibitor development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Immunohistochemistry of Carbonic Anhydrase Isozyme IX (MN/CA IX) in Individual Gut Reveals Polarized Appearance in Epithelial Cells with the best Proliferative Capability. (aksumuniversity.org)
Human15
  • This book offers deep insights into the thermodynamics and molecular structures of the twelve catalytically active isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase (CA) with a particular focus on inhibitor binding for drug design. (springer.com)
  • Intrinsic thermodynamics of sulfonamide inhibitor binding to human carbonic anhydrases I and II. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Human carbonic anhydrase (CA) I and II are cytosolic proteins, where their expression disorders can cause diseases such as glaucoma, edema, epilepsy or cancer. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Carbonic anhydrase gene family expression in normal human brain and GBM patient-derived xenografts. (jci.org)
  • Photoswitchable: The activity of a dithienylethene-based human carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (hCAI) can be regulated using light. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Carbonic anhydrase II (gene name CA2), is one of fourteen forms of human α carbonic anhydrases. (kidneytreatment.site)
  • provided the QSAR model that consisted of formula for binding constant of benzene sulphonamides as the human carbonic anhydrase (6). (orientjchem.org)
  • Docking studies of sulphamate inhibitors of estrone sulphatase in human carbonic anhydrase II. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We describe the docking of selected steroidal and non-steroidal estrone sulphatase inhibitors, including the Phase I clinical trial candidate 667COUMATE (6), into the active site of human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Exploring structure-activity relationship of S-substituted 2-mercaptoquinazolin-4(3H)-one including 4-ethylbenzenesulfonamides as human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome in a Belgian family is caused by a point mutation at an invariant histidine residue (107 His----Tyr): complete structure of the normal human CA II gene. (proteopedia.org)
  • Molecular basis of human carbonic anhydrase II deficiency. (proteopedia.org)
  • A new series of phthalazine substituted beta-lactam derivatives were synthesized and their inhibitory effects on the activity of purified human carbonic anhydrase (hCA I and II) were evaluated. (comu.edu.tr)
  • Close-up rendering of active site of human carbonic anhydrase II, showing three histidine residues and a hydroxide group coordinating (dashed lines) the zinc ion at center. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ribbon diagram of human carbonic anhydrase II. (wikipedia.org)
Isozymes2
  • Sulfate was a good hCA IV inhibitor (K(i) of 9 mM), although it is a much weaker inhibitor of isozymes I, II, V and IX. (nih.gov)
  • Diazenylbenzenesulfonamides are Potent and Selective Inhibitors of the Tumor-Associated Isozymes IX and XII over the Cytosolic Isoforms I and II, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry , 17 , p. 7093 (2009). (ac.ir)
Abstract1
  • ABSTRACT In this work, we performed a structure-based virtual screening against five carbonic anhydrase isoforms using, as a ligand library, natural components of Citrus. (raypeatforum.com)
Sulfonamide CA inhibitors1
  • This is the first report of rationally designed sulfonamide CA inhibitors with pain effective modulating effects. (nih.gov)
CAII2
  • X-ray crystal structures of carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) complexed with sulfonamide inhibitors illuminate the structural determinants of high affinity binding in the nanomolar regime. (rcsb.org)
  • The regression analysis consequences indicated that the activities of the inhibiting carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) activity can be modeled excellently in multi parametric model (8). (orientjchem.org)
Oral3
  • Erleada Erleada (apalutamide) is an oral androgen receptor inhibitor for the treatment of men with. (drugs.com)
  • If additional medication is needed to control eye pressure, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are also prescribed in oral, or pill, forms. (visionaware.org)
  • If eyedrops are not effective enough, the doctor may prescribe an oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Benzene1
  • A series of benzene sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors which incorporate lipophilic 4-alkoxy- and 4-aryloxy moieties, together with several derivatives of ethoxzolamide and sulfanilamide are reported. (nih.gov)
Acid3
  • Carboxylic acid 6e was found to be an excellent inhibitor of both hCA IX and XII, with Ki values of 2.8nM and 5.5nM, respectively. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Carbonic acid spontaneously ionizes H 2 CO 3 ←→H + +HCO¯ 3 (Fig. IX.2). (pharmacy180.com)
  • For example, carbonic anhydrase produces acid in the stomach lining. (wikipedia.org)
Derivatives2
  • These derivatives were investigated as inhibitors of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) of which multiple isoforms are known, and some appear to be involved in pain. (nih.gov)
  • On the other hand, these novel arylated indenoquinoline-based derivatives were effective inhibitors of the BChE, hCA I and II, BChE and AChE enzymes with K-i values in the range of 37 +/- 2.04 to 88640 +/- 1990nM for AChE, 120.94 +/- 37.06 to 1150.95 +/- 304.48nM for hCA I, 267.58 +/- 98.05 to 1568.16 +/- 438.67nM for hCA II, and 84 +/- 3.86 to 144120 +/- 2910nM for BChE. (cumhuriyet.edu.tr)
Carbonic Anhydrase as Drug Target - Thermodynamics and Structure of Inhibitor Binding | Daumantas Matulis | Springer
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