Carbonic Anhydrase III
Carbonic Anhydrases
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Carbonic Anhydrase II
Growth and Development
Carbonic Anhydrase I
Carbon Dioxide
Isoenzymes
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Acetazolamide
One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)
Ethoxzolamide
Benzolamide
Detection and identification of subcutaneous adipose tissue protein related to obesity in New Zealand obese mouse. (1/32)
New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse, a genetic model of obesity, shows hyperphagia, hyperinsulinemia and leptin resistance. We analyzed subcutaneous adipose tissue proteins in NZO mice with a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique followed by protein sequence analysis. NZO mice showed hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was inspected in NZO and C57BL/6J lean mice. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis detected 4 spots which were obviously reduced in NZO mice. Those spots were p26, p19, p18 and p15. Internal sequences of the p26 and p15 protein were homologous with those of carbonic anhydrase III, p19 was cytochrome b5, p18 was superoxide dismutase. Serum arachidonic acid level in NZO mice was lower by 80% of C57BL/6J mice. The present study demonstrated the reduction of several enzymes related to lipid metabolism in NZO mice. These data raises the hypothesis that the supposed changes of membrane fluidity caused by altered membrane lipid content may involve central leptin resistance of this model of obesity. (+info)Kinetic analysis of multiple proton shuttles in the active site of human carbonic anhydrase. (2/32)
We have prepared a site-specific mutant of human carbonic anhydrase (HCA) II with histidine residues at positions 7 and 64 in the active site cavity. Using a different isozyme, we have placed histidine residues in HCA III at positions 64 and 67 and in another mutant at positions 64 and 7. Each of these histidine residues can act as a proton transfer group in catalysis when it is the only nonliganding histidine in the active site cavity, except His(7) in HCA III. Using an (18)O exchange method to measure rate constants for intramolecular proton transfer, we have found that inserting two histidine residues into the active site cavity of either isozyme II or III of carbonic anhydrase results in rates of proton transfer to the zinc-bound hydroxide that are antagonistic or suppressive with respect to the corresponding single mutants. The crystal structure of Y7H HCA II, which contains both His(7) and His(64) within the active site cavity, shows the conformation of the side chain of His(64) moved from its position in the wild type and hydrogen-bonded through an intervening water molecule with the side chain of His(7). This suggests a cause of decreased proton transfer in catalysis. (+info)Patterns of gene expression in atrophying skeletal muscles: response to food deprivation. (3/32)
During fasting and many systemic diseases, muscle undergoes rapid loss of protein and functional capacity. To define the transcriptional changes triggering muscle atrophy and energy conservation in fasting, we used cDNA microarrays to compare mRNAs from muscles of control and food-deprived mice. Expression of >94% of genes did not change, but interesting patterns emerged among genes that were differentially expressed: 1) mRNAs encoding polyubiquitin, ubiquitin extension proteins, and many (but not all) proteasome subunits increased, which presumably contributes to accelerated protein breakdown; 2) a dramatic increase in mRNA for the ubiquitin ligase, atrogin-1, but not most E3s; 3) a significant suppression of mRNA for myosin binding protein H (but not other myofibrillar proteins) and IGF binding protein 5, which may favor cell protein loss; 4) decreases in mRNAs for several glycolytic enzymes and phosphorylase kinase subunits, and dramatic increases in mRNAs for pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and glutamine synthase, which should promote glucose sparing and gluconeogenesis. During fasting, metallothionein mRNA increased dramatically, mRNAs for extracellular matrix components fell, and mRNAs that may favor cap-independent mRNA translation rose. Significant changes occurred in mRNAs for many growth-related proteins and transcriptional regulators. These transcriptional changes indicate a complex adaptive program that should favor protein degradation and suppress glucose oxidation in muscle. Similar analysis of muscles atrophying for other causes is allowing us to identify a set of atrophy-specific changes in gene expression. (+info)Studies of proton translocations in biological systems: simulating proton transport in carbonic anhydrase by EVB-based models. (4/32)
Proton transport (PTR) processes play a major role in bioenergetics and thus it is important to gain a molecular understanding of these processes. At present the detailed description of PTR in proteins is somewhat unclear and it is important to examine different models by using well-defined experimental systems. One of the best benchmarks is provided by carbonic anhydrase III (CA III), because this is one of the few systems where we have a clear molecular knowledge of the rate constant of the PTR process and its variation upon mutations. Furthermore, this system transfers a proton between several water molecules, thus making it highly relevant to a careful examination of the "proton wire" concept. Obtaining a correlation between the structure of this protein and the rate of the PTR process should help to discriminate between alternative models and to give useful clues about PTR processes in other systems. Obviously, obtaining such a correlation requires a correct representation of the "chemistry" of PTR between different donors and acceptors, as well as the ability to evaluate the free energy barriers of charge transfer in proteins, and to simulate long-time kinetic processes. The microscopic empirical valence bond (Warshel, A., and R. M. Weiss. 1980. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102:6218-6226; and Aqvist, J., and A. Warshel. 1993. Chem. Rev. 93:2523-2544) provides a powerful way for representing the chemistry and evaluating the free energy barriers, but it cannot be used with the currently available computer times in direct simulation of PTR with significant activation barriers. Alternatively, one can reduce the empirical valence bond (EVB) to the modified Marcus' relationship and use semimacroscopic electrostatic calculations plus a master equation to determine the PTR kinetics (Sham, Y., I. Muegge, and A. Warshel. 1999. Proteins. 36:484-500). However, such an approximation does not provide a rigorous multisite kinetic treatment. Here we combine the useful ingredients of both approaches and develop a simplified EVB effective potential that treats explicitly the chain of donors and acceptors while considering implicitly the rest of the protein/solvent system. This approach can be used in Langevin dynamics simulations of long-time PTR processes. The validity of our new simplified approach is demonstrated first by comparing its Langevin dynamics results for a PTR along a chain of water molecules in water to the corresponding molecular dynamics simulations of the fully microscopic EVB model. This study examines dynamics of both models in cases of low activation barriers and the dependence of the rate on the energetics for cases with moderate barriers. The study of the dependence on the activation barrier is next extended to the range of higher barriers, demonstrating a clear correlation between the barrier height and the rate constant. The simplified EVB model is then examined in studies of the PTR in carbonic anhydrase III, where it reproduces the relevant experimental results without the use of any parameter that is specifically adjusted to fit the energetics or dynamics of the reaction in the protein. We also validate the conclusions obtained previously from the EVB-based modified Marcus' relationship. It is concluded that this approach and the EVB-based model provide a reliable, effective, and general tool for studies of PTR in proteins. Finally in view of the behavior of the simulated result, in both water and the CA III, we conclude that the rate of PTR in proteins is determined by the electrostatic energy of the transferred proton as long as this energy is higher than a few kcal/mol. (+info)Carbonic anhydrase III is not required in the mouse for normal growth, development, and life span. (5/32)
Carbonic anhydrase III is a cytosolic protein which is particularly abundant in skeletal muscle, adipocytes, and liver. The specific activity of this isozyme is quite low, suggesting that its physiological function is not that of hydrating carbon dioxide. To understand the cellular roles of carbonic anhydrase III, we inactivated the Car3 gene. Mice lacking carbonic anhydrase III were viable and fertile and had normal life spans. Carbonic anhydrase III has also been implicated in the response to oxidative stress. We found that mice lacking the protein had the same response to a hyperoxic challenge as did their wild-type siblings. No anatomic alterations were noted in the mice lacking carbonic anhydrase III. They had normal amounts and distribution of fat, despite the fact that carbonic anhydrase III constitutes about 30% of the soluble protein in adipocytes. We conclude that carbonic anhydrase III is dispensable for mice living under standard laboratory husbandry conditions. (+info)Evaluation of hypoxia in an experimental rat tumour model by [(18)F]fluoromisonidazole PET and immunohistochemistry. (6/32)
This study aimed to evaluate tumour hypoxia by comparing [(18)F]Fluoromisonidazole uptake measured using positron emission tomography ([(18)F]FMISO-PET) with immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques. Syngeneic rhabdomyosarcoma (R1) tumour pieces were transplanted subcutaneously in the flanks of WAG/Rij rats. Tumours were analysed at volumes between 0.9 and 7.3 cm(3). Hypoxic volumes were defined using a 3D region of interest on 2 h postinjection [(18)F]FMISO-PET images, applying different thresholds (1.2-3.0). Monoclonal antibodies to pimonidazole (PIMO) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), exogenous and endogenous markers of hypoxia, respectively, were used for IHC staining. Marker-positive fractions were microscopically measured for each tumour, and hypoxic volumes were calculated. A heterogeneous distribution of hypoxia was observed both with histology and [(18)F]FMISO autoradiography. A statistically significant correlation (P<0.05) was obtained between the hypoxic volumes defined with [(18)F]FMISO-PET and the volumes derived from the PIMO-stained tumour sections (r=0.9066; P=0.0001), regardless of the selected threshold between 1.4 and 2.2. A similar observation was made with the CA IX staining (r=0.8636; P=0.0006). The relationship found between [(18)F]FMISO-PET and PIMO- and additionally CA IX-derived hypoxic volumes in rat rhabdomyosarcomas indicates the value of the noninvasive imaging method to measure hypoxia in whole tumours. (+info)Taste buds and nerve fibers in the rat larynx: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. (7/32)
We investigated the rat laryngeal taste buds and their innervation by electron microscopy and immunohistochemical methods. Taste buds were densely arranged in the surface facing the laryngeal cavity of the epiglottis, the aryepiglottic fold, and the cuneiform process of the arytenoid cartilages. The cells of the buds were classified into types I, II, III, and basal cells, the ultrastucture of which was almost the same as that previously reported in lingual taste buds. The type III cells that had synaptic contacts with nerve fibers were considered to be sensory cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed thick calbindin D28k-immunoreactive fibers and thin varicose fibers immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide or substance P in and around the taste bud. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were also observed here. The results revealed the innervation pattern of laryngeal taste buds to be the same as that in lingual taste buds. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is known to catalyze the hydration of CO2 and dehydration of H2CO3, and seems to be essential in CO2 reception. Immunoreactivity for CAI was detected in slender cells and that for CAIII was observed in barrel-like cells in the laryngeal taste buds. The pH-sensitive inward rectifier K+ (Kir) channel in the cell membrane may be involved in CO2 reception as well. CAII-reactive cells were also reactive to Kir4.1, PGP 9.5 and serotonin. Our results indicated that CAII and Kir4.1 are located in type III cells of the laryngeal taste buds, and supported the idea that the buds may be involved in the recognition of CO2. (+info)Suppression of carbonic anhydrase III mRNA level by an aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand in primary cultured hepatocytes of rat. (8/32)
The effect of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand on the carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) mRNA level was studied using primary cultured hepatocytes of rats. CAIII gene which is highly suppressible by dioxins in vivo, was also suppressible in primary cultured hepatocytes of rats by an AhR ligand, 3-methylchlanthrene (3MC). The suppression of CAIII by 3MC was observed in a dose-dependent fashion. The suppression was marked at 10 microM MC. It is likely that AhR is involved in the suppression of the CAIII gene. The transcriptional regulation region of rat CAIII gene was cloned by polymerase chain reaction on the basis of the similarity to the mouse and human CAIII genes. A 1.5 kb section upstream of rat CAIII was sequenced and the transcription initiation site of this gene was mapped to 58 bases upstream of the initiation codon. A xenobiotic responsive element (XRE)-like sequence was found at -555 to -549 bp of the transcription initiation site. The location of XRE-like element was conserved between rats and mice those CAIIIs in liver were shown as dioxins-suppressible. Although the roles of the XRE have not been clarified, these results suggest that the AhR ligands could elicit the suppressive effect on hepatic CAIII and the effect on the factors from extrahepatic tissues is not required for the suppression. (+info)
Carbonic anhydrase III, muscle specific
CA3 carbonic anhydrase III, muscle specific". Sly WS, Hu PY (1995). "Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase ... Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) is a member of a multigene family (at least six separate genes are known) that encode carbonic ... Du AL, Ren HM, Lu CZ, Tu JL, Xu CF, Sun YA (Mar 2009). "Carbonic anhydrase III is insufficient in muscles of myasthenia gravis ... Liu C, Wei Y, Wang J, Pi L, Huang J, Wang P (Sep 2012). "Carbonic anhydrases III and IV autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis ...
Carbonic anhydrase
... class three which is gamma carbonic anhydrase which is found in methanogen bacteria in hot springs. The three classes of ... Several forms of carbonic anhydrase occur in nature. In the best-studied α-carbonic anhydrase form present in animals, the zinc ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Badger MR, Price GD (1994). "The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant ... Carbonic anhydrase could in principle prove relevant to carbon capture. Some carbonic anhydrases can withstand temperatures up ...
GLRX
2000). "Crystal structure of S-glutathiolated carbonic anhydrase III". FEBS Lett. 482 (3): 237-41. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00) ... 72 (3): 1170-8. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0721170.x. PMID 10037490. S2CID 13507470. Barrett WC, DeGnore JP, König S, et al ... Pt 3) (3): 931-8. doi:10.1042/bj3150931. PMC 1217296. PMID 8645179. Davis DA, Newcomb FM, Starke DW, et al. (1997). " ... 42 (3): 743-51. PMID 11222536. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human ...
Carbonic anhydrase 12
... is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA12 gene. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of ... "Human carbonic anhydrase XII: cDNA cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of a carbonic anhydrase gene that is ... "Entrez Gene: CA12 carbonic anhydrase XII". Feldshtein, M; Elkrinawi, S; Yerushalmi, B; Marcus, B; Vullo, D; Romi, H; Ofir, R; ... Tarun AS, Bryant B, Zhai W, Solomon C, Shusterman D (2004). "Gene expression for carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in human nasal ...
Pepsin
Johnston N, Knight J, Dettmar PW, Lively MO, Koufman J (December 2004). "Pepsin and carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme III as ... The following three genes encode identical human pepsinogen A enzymes: A fourth human gene encodes gastricsin also known as ... It is one of three principal endopeptidases (enzymes cutting proteins in the middle) in the human digestive system, the other ... where three strands are contributed by pepsin and five by PI-3. A product of protein digestion by pepsin inhibits the reaction ...
Carbonic anhydrase 4
... is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA4 gene. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of ... "Carbonic anhydrase IV from human lung. Purification, characterization, and comparison with membrane carbonic anhydrase from ... Other forms of carbonic anhydrase enzyme are not present in the plasma, restricting the equilibrium reaction of CO2+H2O = H 2CO ... "Entrez Gene: CA4 carbonic anhydrase IV". Sterling D, Alvarez BV, Casey JR (Jul 2002). "The extracellular component of a ...
Carbonic anhydrase VI
Carbonic anhydrase 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA6 gene. It is also called 'gustin' because of its presence ... "Entrez Gene: CA6 carbonic anhydrase VI". Henkin RI, Mueller CW, Wolf RO (July 1975). "Estimation of zinc concentration of ... The protein encoded by this gene is one of several isozymes of carbonic anhydrase. This protein is abundantly found in salivary ... Aldred P, Fu P, Barrett G, Penschow JD, Wright RD, Coghlan JP, Fernley RT (January 1991). "Human secreted carbonic anhydrase: ...
Carbonic anhydrase II
... (gene name CA2), is one of sixteen forms of human α carbonic anhydrases. Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes ... Renal carbonic anhydrase allows the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubule. Loss of carbonic anhydrase ... Sato S, Zhu XL, Sly WS (1990). "Carbonic anhydrase isozymes IV and II in urinary membranes from carbonic anhydrase II-deficient ... Sly WS, Hu PY (1995). "Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase deficiencies". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 64 (1): 375-401. doi ...
Physiological effects in space
"Effect of immobilization on carbonic anhydrase III and myoglobin content in human leg muscle". Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. ... Three sessions were completed before launch (L-21, L-14 and L-8 days) and three after landing (R+0, R+2 and R+7 to R+10 days). ... such as carbonic anhydrase II and myoglobin, over that predicted by the overall decrease in muscle protein synthesis. In ... The three subsequent orbital missions were termed Skylab 2, 3 and 4. These three long-duration mission were 28, 56 and 84 days ...
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
... s are a class of pharmaceuticals that suppress the activity of carbonic anhydrase. Their clinical ... are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Supuran CT, Scozzafava A, Conway J, eds. (2004). Carbonic anhydrase: its inhibitors and ... "Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and High Altitude Illnesses". In Frost, Susan C.; McKenna, Robert (eds.). Carbonic Anhydrase: ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are primarily used for the treatment of glaucoma. They may also be used to treat seizure disorder ...
Band 3 anion transport protein
This is crucial for CO2 uptake by the red blood cell and conversion (by hydration catalysed by carbonic anhydrase) into a ... Functional interaction of carbonic anhydrase II and chloride/bicarbonate exchangers". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (51): 47886-94. doi: ... Extracellular loop 4 of the human AE1 Cl-/HCO3- exchanger binds carbonic anhydrase IV". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (28): 25239-46. doi: ... Vince JW, Reithmeier RA (October 1998). "Carbonic anhydrase II binds to the carboxyl terminus of human band 3, the erythrocyte ...
Carbonic anhydrase 7
"Entrez Gene: CA7 carbonic anhydrase VII". Sly WS, Hu PY (1995). "Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase deficiencies ... Carbonic anhydrase 7 (CA7) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA7 gene. Carbonic anhydrases are a large family of ... PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Carbonic anhydrase 7 v t e ( ... Vullo D, Voipio J, Innocenti A, Rivera C, Ranki H, Scozzafava A, Kaila K, Supuran CT (Feb 2005). "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ...
Zinc compounds
In the active site of resting carbonic anhydrase a zinc ion is coordinated by three histidine residues. The fourth position is ... The polarizing effect of Zn2+ is part of the reason why zinc is found in enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase. No fluoro ... Tetrahedrally coordinated zinc is found in metallo-enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase. Six-coordinate octahedral complexes are ... The zinc ion is invariably 4-coordinate with at least three ligands that are amino-acid side-chains. The imidazole nitrogen of ...
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial
... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CA5A gene. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a ... "Entrez Gene: Carbonic anhydrase 5A". Retrieved 2019-12-31. Vullo D, Nishimori I, Innocenti A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT (March ... March 2014). "Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency resulting from CA5A alterations presents with hyperammonemia in ... "Carbonic anhydrase activators: an activation study of the human mitochondrial isoforms VA and VB with amino acids and amines". ...
Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether
"Carbonic anhydrase in the female reproductive tract. II. Endometrial carbonic anhydrase as indicator of luteoid potency: ... to possess similar potency to progesterone and hydroxyprogesterone caproate in the rabbit endometrial carbonic anhydrase test, ... The 3-acetyl ether may be cleaved from progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether in vivo and, based on its chemical structure, this may ... Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether, also known as progesterone acetate, as well as 3-acetoxypregna-3,5-dien-20-one, is a ...
Chloride shift
... where carbonic anhydrase catalyzes its hydration to carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid then spontaneously dissociates to form ... The underlying properties creating the chloride shift are the presence of carbonic anhydrase within the RBCs but not the plasma ... Continuous process of carbonic acid dissociation and outflow of bicarbonate ions would eventually lead to a change of ... Inward movement of bicarbonate via the Band 3 exchanger allows carbonic anhydrase to convert it to CO2 for expiration. The ...
Anion exchange protein 3
Functional interaction of carbonic anhydrase II and chloride/bicarbonate exchangers". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (51): 47886-94. doi: ... Extracellular loop 4 of the human AE1 Cl-/HCO3- exchanger binds carbonic anhydrase IV". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (28): 25239-46. doi: ... exchanger and carbonic anhydrase XIV interaction". Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. 297 (5): C1091-102. doi:10.1152/ajpcell. ... Anion exchange protein 3 is a membrane transport protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC4A3 gene. AE3 is functionally ...
CA1 (gene)
III. Identification of the carbonic anhydrase-1 variant with CA1 Guam". American Journal of Human Genetics. 33 (1): 105-11. PMC ... Carbonic anhydrase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA1 gene. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of ... "Entrez Gene: CA1 carbonic anhydrase I". "CA1 - Carbonic anhydrase 1 - Homo sapiens (Human) - CA1 gene & protein". www.uniprot. ... The reaction catalyzed by CA1 is the same as other carbonic anhydrase family proteins: CO 2 + H 2 O → Carbonic anhydrase H 2 CO ...
Carboxysome
A full length CcmM protein consists of a gamma-carbonic anhydrase domain and three to five RubisCO small subunit-like domains ( ... Likewise, in some cyanobacterial strains the beta-carboxysomes contain a beta-carbonic anhydrase that is not encoded in the ccm ... The signature proteins of the beta-carboxysome are Form IB RuBisCO and a gamma carbonic anhydrase homolog. Beta-carboxysomes ... CsoSCA is a shell-associated beta-carbonic anhydrase. Studies in Halothiobacillus neapolitanus have shown that empty shells of ...
Rhabdomyolysis
Other markers of muscle damage, such as aldolase, troponin, carbonic anhydrase type 3 and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP), ... Three main modalities of RRT are available: hemodialysis, continuous hemofiltration and peritoneal dialysis. The former two ... 25 (3): 332-347. doi:10.1002/mus.10053. PMID 11870710. S2CID 8731940. Elsayed EF, Reilly RF (January 2010). "Rhabdomyolysis: a ... 25 (3): 199-209. doi:10.2165/00139709-200625030-00004. PMID 17192123. S2CID 24320633. Buchholz U, Mouzin E, Dickey R, Moolenaar ...
Bacterial microcompartment
CcmM has two domains: an N-terminal gamma-carbonic anhydrase domain followed by a domain consisting of three to five repeats of ... Bicarbonate is pumped into the cytosol and diffuses into the carboxysome, where carbonic anhydrase converts it to carbon ... G. D. Price & M. R. Badger (October 1989). "Expression of Human Carbonic Anhydrase in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942 ... BMC Caller Carboxysomes encapsulate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) and carbonic anhydrase in CO2- ...
Diclofenamide
"Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and osmotic agents in glaucoma. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors". The British Journal of ... is a sulfonamide and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor of the meta-disulfamoylbenzene class. Dichlorphenamide as a carbonic ... it falls under the class of a first generation carbonic anhydrase Inhibitor. Diclofenamide was approved in the United States in ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, Sulfonamides, Chlorobenzenes, Ophthalmology drugs, All stub articles, Antihypertensive agent ...
Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 3
... cotransporter by carbonic anhydrase II and PKA". Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. 286 (6): C1423-33. doi:10.1152/ajpcell. ... Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 3 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SLC4A7 gene. Solute carrier family GRCh38: ... 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931. v t e (Genes on human chromosome 3, Solute carrier family, All ... 2004). "Proteomic, functional, and domain-based analysis of in vivo 14-3-3 binding proteins involved in cytoskeletal regulation ...
Great Lakes
... and use carbonic anhydrase mediated active transport to speed up this process. Large diatoms require more carbon uptake than ... as CO2 would react with water to produce carbonic acid. CO2 + H2O ⇌ HCO−3 + H+ Diatoms acquire inorganic carbon through passive ... p. 3. ISBN 978-0-472-06515-8. Huber, Norman King; Geological Survey (U.S.); United States. National Park Service (1975). The ... Retrieved December 3, 2007. "Divers find 1780 British warship". BBC News. June 14, 2008. Retrieved June 15, 2008. "L.R. Doty, ...
V-ATPase
One gene is carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), which, when mutated, causes osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis(type 3). ... with three copies of the catalytic A and B subunits, three copies of the stator subunits E and G, and one copy of the ... Sly WS, Hewett-Emmett D, Whyte MP, Yu YS, Tashian RE (May 1983). "Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency identified as the primary ... "Insight into the flagella type III export revealed by the complex structure of the type III ATPase and its regulator". ...
PTPRZ1
... an alpha-carbonic anhydrase domain and a fibronectin type III domain. Alternative splice variants that encode different protein ... is expressed in brain and has an N-terminal receptor domain homologous to carbonic anhydrases". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. ... Kaplan R, Morse B, Huebner K, Croce C, Howk R, Ravera M, Ricca G, Jaye M, Schlessinger J (1990). "Cloning of three human ... 32 (3): 411-4. doi:10.1038/ng1004. PMID 12355066. S2CID 19800079. Müller S, Kunkel P, Lamszus K, Ulbricht U, Lorente GA, Nelson ...
CA3
... may refer to: Carbonic anhydrase III, muscle specific, a human gene Cornu Ammonis region 3, one of the hippocampal ... Caproni Ca.3, an Italian heavy bomber of World War I and the post-war era This disambiguation page lists articles associated ... Buhl-Verville CA-3 Airster Buhl CA-3 Airsedan CAC CA-3 Wirraway California's 3rd congressional district California State Route ...
Blood
CO2 is carried in blood in three different ways. (The exact percentages vary depending whether it is arterial or venous blood ... Oct-1-en-3-one ("Smell" of blood) Taboo food and drink: Blood "Definition of BLOOD". Archived from the original on 23 March ... This is derived from the statement in the Qur'an, sura Al-Ma'ida (5:3): "Forbidden to you (for food) are: dead meat, blood, the ... Aryal, Sagar (3 January 2017). "Blood cells and its types with functions". Microbiology Info.com. Retrieved 28 April 2022. "Low ...
Hilda Cid
The team managed to determine the three-dimensional structure of carbonic anhydrase and a particular structure of G-actin ... Imidazole binding to human carbonic anhydrase B and the mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrases". FEBS Letters. 73 (1): 115- ... Kannan, K. K.; Petef, M.; Fridborg, K.; Cid-Dresdner, H.; Lövgren, S. (15 January 1977). "Structure and function of carbonic ... 105 (3): 353-366. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(76)90098-X. ISSN 0022-2836. PMID 972388. "- CRECES". www.creces.cl. Retrieved 3 August ...
Enzyme
Example of such enzymes are triose-phosphate isomerase, carbonic anhydrase, acetylcholinesterase, catalase, fumarase, β- ... These three scientists were awarded the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The discovery that enzymes could be crystallized ... carbonic anhydrase catalyzes its reaction in either direction depending on the concentration of its reactants: The rate of a ... An example of an enzyme that contains a cofactor is carbonic anhydrase, which uses a zinc cofactor bound as part of its active ...
List of diseases (C)
Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome Carbon baby syndrome Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency Carcinoid syndrome Carcinoma ... Congenital alopecia X linked Congenital amputation Congenital aneurysms of the great vessels Congenital antithrombin III ... X-linked type 3, recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth peroneal muscular atrophy, X-linked CHARGE syndrome Charles' disease Charlie M ... monosomy 3q27 Chromosome 3, trisomy 3p Chromosome 3, trisomy 3p25 Chromosome 3, trisomy 3q Chromosome 3, trisomy 3q13 2 q25 ...
Progestogen ester
"Carbonic anhydrase in the female reproductive tract. II. Endometrial carbonic anhydrase as indicator of luteoid potency: ... John C. Babcock - was the attachment of a carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms - a methyl group - to carbon 6 in the first ring ... Enol Luteovis (3 cyclo-pentyl enol ether of progesterone) is the only oral progestin producing pregnanediol as a metabolite. It ... ISBN 978-3-527-32669-3. Roche Review ... Hoffman-La Roche, and Roche-organon. 1944. Korenchevsky V, Dennison M, Eldridge M ( ...
Biometal (biology)
... for the need of zinc in human cells was shown until the late 1930s where its presence was demonstrated in carbonic anhydrase ... Iron can also be a potential carcinogen in three ways; first being the production of hydroxyl radicals. Ferric ions can be ... doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90143-5_1. ISBN 978-3-319-90143-5. PMID 29884959. S2CID 46997332. Banci L, ed. (2013). Metallomics and ... 14 (3): 513-543. doi:10.1016/S0300-595X(85)80005-0. PMID 3905079. Cavalieri RR (April 1997). "Iodine metabolism and thyroid ...
Loop diuretic
Thiazide (blockade of sodium-chloride symporter), amiloride (blockade of epithelial sodium channels) and carbonic anhydrase ... A bolus intravenous dose of 10 or 20 mg of furosemide can be administered and then followed by intravenous bolus of 2 or 3% ... 251 (3): 1155-1159. ISSN 0022-3565. PMID 2600809. O'Brien, James G; Chennubthotla, Shobha A (1 June 2005). "Treatment of Edema ... ISBN 978-0-9578521-4-3. Rho, YH; Zhu, Y; Zhang, Y; Reginato, AM; Choi, HK (2012). "Risk factors for pseudogout in the general ...
Winifred Ashby
She also contributed many studies of the carbonic anhydrase activity of the central nervous system. Women of Mayo Clinic Laura ... During her life, it was widely believed that the life span of the erythrocyte (red blood cell) was no more than two to three ...
Glaucoma
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease bicarbonate formation from ciliary processes in the eye, thus decreasing the formation ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as dorzolamide, brinzolamide, and acetazolamide, lower secretion of aqueous humor by ... carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in the mid-1990s.. Early surgical techniques like iridectomy and fistulating methods have ... inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body. Poor compliance with medications and follow-up visits is a major reason for ...
Zinc in biology
In vertebrate blood, carbonic anhydrase converts CO 2 into bicarbonate and the same enzyme transforms the bicarbonate back into ... The human dopamine transporter (hDAT) contains an endogenous high affinity Zn2+ binding site with three coordinating residues ... The non-related β-carbonic anhydrase is required in plants for leaf formation, the synthesis of indole acetic acid (auxin) and ... Two examples of zinc-containing enzymes are carbonic anhydrase and carboxypeptidase, which are vital to the processes of carbon ...
Metformin
... carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as topiramate), surgery, and other procedures, or in people having a radiological study with ... The average patient with type 2 diabetes has three times the normal rate of gluconeogenesis; metformin treatment reduces this ... Some evidence indicates that liver concentrations of metformin in humans may be two to three times higher than plasma ... 109 (3): 699-709. doi:10.1111/cas.13482. PMC 5834796. PMID 29285837. Tsogbadrakh B, Ju KD, Lee J, Han M, Koh J, Yu Y, et al. ( ...
Cyanase
... a combined application of cyanase and carbonic anhydrase has been used in a study. Qian D, Jiang L, Lu L, Wei C, Li Y (March ... Three catalytic residues, Arg96, Glu99, and Ser122, form this pocket that stabilizes the anions with ionic interactions. The ... 7 (3-4): 247-52. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04920.x. PMID 2094285. Chin CC, Anderson PM, Wold F (January 1983). "The amino ... 6 (3): e18300. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018300. PMC 3070753. PMID 21494323. Anderson PM, Sung YC, Fuchs JA (December 1990). " ...
Hydroflumethiazide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, All stub articles, Cardiovascular system drug stubs). ... I. Derivatives of 7-Sulfamyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxide". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 82 (5 ...
Seagrass
Towards a model for inorganic carbon uptake in seagrasses involving carbonic anhydrase. In Kuo J, Phillips RC, Walker DI, ... Due to this three dimensional structure in the water column, many species occupy seagrass habitats for shelter and foraging. It ... Seagrasses are a paraphyletic group of marine angiosperms which evolved in parallel three to four times from land plants back ... Ten seagrass species are at elevated risk of extinction (14% of all seagrass species) with three species qualifying as ...
William S. Sly
Sato S, Zhu XL, Sly WS (1990). "Carbonic anhydrase isozymes IV and II in urinary membranes from carbonic anhydrase II-deficient ... "Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase deficiencies". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 64 (1): 375-401. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi. ... Roth DE, Venta PJ, Tashian RE, Sly WS (1992). "Molecular basis of human carbonic anhydrase II deficiency". Proc. Natl. Acad. ... Sly also identified the first inherited deficiency of a human carbonic anhydrase, CA II, and defined the biochemical and ...
Acid-base homeostasis
H2CO3] is the molar concentration of carbonic acid in the extracellular fluid. However, since the carbonic acid concentration ... The three dimensional structures of many extracellular proteins, such as the plasma proteins and membrane proteins of the ... There, carbonic acid spontaneously dissociates into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions. When the pH in the ECF falls, hydrogen ... pKa H2CO3 is the cologarithm of the acid dissociation constant of carbonic acid. It is equal to 6.1. [HCO− 3] is the molar ...
Streptomyces sioyaensis
ISBN 0-08-086577-1. editors, Susan C. Frost, Robert McKenna (2014). Carbonic Anhydrase: Mechanism, Regulation, Links to Disease ... ISBN 3-642-46304-5. {{cite book}}: ,first1= has generic name (help) List of Streptomyces species LPSN bacterio.net Straininfo ... ISBN 3-8055-7098-8. {{cite book}}: ,first1= has generic name (help) Type strain of Streptomyces sioyaensis at BacDive - the ... 3 (1): 29-38. doi:10.1016/0009-3084(69)90026-7. Kimura, Akira (9 September 2014). "Biochemical Studies on". Agricultural and ...
CA11
Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CA11 gene. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a ... "Entrez Gene: CA11 carbonic anhydrase XI". Liao W, Xiao Q, Tchikov V, Fujita K, Yang W, Wincovitch S, Garfield S, Conze D, El- ... Bellingham J, Gregory-Evans K, Gregory-Evans CY (1998). "Sequence and tissue expression of a novel human carbonic anhydrase- ... Okamoto N, Fujikawa-Adachi K, Nishimori I, Taniuchi K, Onishi S (2001). "cDNA sequence of human carbonic anhydrase-related ...
Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 1
... has been shown to interact with carbonic anhydrase II and CHP. It is also the target of the ... Li X, Alvarez B, Casey JR, Reithmeier RA, Fliegel L (September 2002). "Carbonic anhydrase II binds to and enhances activity of ... 512 (1-3): 52-8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03317-8. PMID 11852051. Behne MJ, Meyer JW, Hanson KM, Barry NP, Murata S, Crumrine ... 507 (3): 331-5. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02986-6. PMID 11696366. Shen MR, Wilkins RJ, Chou CY, Ellory JC (February 2002). " ...
Chloride anion exchanger
"The functional and physical relationship between the DRA bicarbonate transporter and carbonic anhydrase II". American Journal ... "Functional characterization of three novel tissue-specific anion exchangers SLC26A7, -A8, and -A9". The Journal of Biological ... 63 (3): 760-8. doi:10.1086/301998. PMC 1377387. PMID 9718329. Lohi H, Kujala M, Kerkelä E, Saarialho-Kere U, Kestilä M, Kere J ... 18 (3): 233-42. doi:10.1002/humu.1179. PMID 11524734. S2CID 19422198. Lohi H, Kujala M, Makela S, Lehtonen E, Kestila M, ...
Estrone sulfamate
The sulfamate moiety of EMATE results in carbonic anhydrase binding which, in turn, results in EMATE being taken up into and ... Estrone sulfamate (EMATE; developmental code name J994), or estrone-3-O-sulfamate, is a steroid sulfatase (STS) inhibitor which ...
CA8
... continues to carry a carbonic anhydrase designation based on clear sequence identity to other members of the carbonic anhydrase ... Carbonic anhydrase-related protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CA8 gene. The CA8 protein lacks the catalytic ... Bergenhem NC, Sait SS, Eddy RL, Shows TB, Tashian RE (1995). "Assignment of the gene for human carbonic anhydrase VIII(CA8) to ... "Entrez Gene: CA8 carbonic anhydrase VIII". UniProt accession number: P35219; Retrieved 27 December 2019 Online Mendelian ...
Saliva
... secretes carbonic anhydrase (gustin), which is thought to play a role in the development of taste buds. Saliva contains ... it is secreted by the acinar cells of all three major salivary glands Antimicrobial enzymes that kill bacteria: Lysozyme ... 106 (2745): 132-3. Bibcode:1947Sci...106..132B. doi:10.1126/science.106.2745.132-a. PMID 17750793. S2CID 26207020. Edgar, M.; ... 220 (3): 529-545. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009721. PMC 1331668. PMID 5016036. "Salivary Gland Disease and Tumors , Cedars- ...
Thalassiosira pseudonana
Samukawa, Mio; Shen, Chen; Hopkinson, Brian; Matsuda, Yusuke (2014). "Localization of putative carbonic anhydrases in the ... 121 (2-3): 235-249. doi:10.1007/s11120-014-9967-x. PMID 24414291. Delalat, Bahman; Sheppard, Vonda C.; Ghaemi, Soraya Rasi; Rao ...
Transition metal imidazole complex
Examples include myoglobin (Fe), carbonic anhydrase (Zn), azurin (Cu), and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases (Fe). ... III) = Co(III), Rh(III), Ir(III), Ru(III)". Inorganic Chemistry. 23 (13): 1851-1858. doi:10.1021/ic00181a015. Ivarsson, Gun; ... Nonetheless, complexes between low-valent metals and imidazole are well known, e.g., [Re(imidazole)3(CO)3]+. Imidazole is a ... In common with other 3-substituted imidazoles, histidine can coordinate to metals via either of two nonequivalent tautomers. ...
Diffusion-limited enzyme
Koenig, Seymour H.; Brown, Rodney D. (1972). "H2CO3 as Substrate for Carbonic Anhydrase in the Dehydration of HCO3−". ... it was observed that in the dehydration of H2CO3 catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase, the second-order rate constant obtained ... Acetylcholinesterase β-lactamase Catalase Carbonic anhydrase Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase Cytochrome c peroxidase Fumarase ... 128 (2-3): 383-7. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06976.x. PMID 7151785. Garcia-Viloca, M; Gao, Jiali; Karplus, Martin; Truhlar ...
Etacrynic acid
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited substances, Vinylidene compounds). ... 3 (5558): 152-3. doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5558.152. PMC 1842848. PMID 6028103. "Upsher-Smith Launches Ethacrynic Acid Tablets, USP - ...
Primary polydipsia
... a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Lithium was previously used for treatment of PPD as a direct competitive ADH antagonist, but is ... 19 (3): 759-762. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01579.x. ISSN 0145-6008. PMID 7573805. Fichman, M. P.; Kleeman, C. R.; Bethune ... 73 Suppl 3: S4-12. doi:10.3949/ccjm.73.suppl_3.s4. ISSN 0891-1150. PMID 16970147. S2CID 20582060. Takagi, Shunsuke; Watanabe, ... 11 (3): 222-223. doi:10.1097/00004714-199106000-00022. ISSN 0271-0749. PMID 2066464. Kruse, D.; Pantelis, C.; Rudd, R.; Quek, J ...
Clopamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors). ...
Bumetanide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited substances, Anilines). ... Reduction of the nitro group in this product by hydrogen using a palladium on carbon catalyst gives 3-amino-5-aminosulfonyl-5- ... 2. 4-Substituted-3-amino-5-sulfamylbenzoic acid derivatives". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 14 (5): 432-9. doi:10.1021/ ... Reacting this with ammonia gives 5-aminosulfonyl-4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid, which when reacted with sodium phenolate is ...
Squalene Epoxidase Induces Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Via Binding to Carbonic Anhydrase III and is a Therapeutic Target -...
SQLE downstream target carbonic anhydrase III (CA3) was identified using co-immunoprecipitation and Western Blot. Some mice ... Squalene Epoxidase Induces Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Via Binding to Carbonic Anhydrase III and is a Therapeutic Target Dabin ... Squalene Epoxidase Induces Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Via Binding to Carbonic Anhydrase III and is a Therapeutic Target Dabin ... Keywords: Carbonic Anhydrase 3; De Novo Lipogenesis; Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis; Serum Biomarkers; Squalene Epoxidase. ...
Metal Ion Binding Induces Local Protein Unfolding and Destabilizes Human Carbonic Anhydrase II. | Inorg Chem;61(3): 1249-1253,...
Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA) is a robust metalloprotein and an excellent biological model system to study the ... Metal Ion Binding Induces Local Protein Unfolding and Destabilizes Human Carbonic Anhydrase II. ... Metal Ion Binding Induces Local Protein Unfolding and Destabilizes Human Carbonic Anhydras ...
Tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase 9 spatially coordinates intracellular pH in three-dimensional multicellular growths. -...
... carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme, expressed mainly at the external surface of cells, that catalyzes reversible CO(2) hydration. ... Antigens, Neoplasm, Apoptosis, Carbon Dioxide, Carbonic Anhydrase IX, Carbonic Anhydrases, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Membrane, ... Tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase 9 spatially coordinates intracellular pH in three-dimensional multicellular growths. ... Tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase 9 spatially coordinates intracellular pH in three-dimensional multicellular growths. ...
anti-carbonic anhydrase antibodies - Search Results - PubMed
Anti-carbonic anhydrase III autoantibodies in vasculitis syndrome. Saito R, Watanabe H, Asano T, Suzuki E, Iwadate H, Kobayashi ... The most common antigens recognized were carbonic anhydrase II (14/23) and alpha-enolase (6/23). Anti-carbonic anhydrase II ... The most common antigens recognized were carbonic anhydrase II (14/23) and alpha-enolase (6/23). Anti-carbonic … ... Anti-carbonic anhydrase antibodies in iron deficiency anemia. Menteşe A, Erkut N, Sümer A, Us Altay D, Alver A, Sönmez M. ...
Biomarkers Search
Designing of novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and activators.. Supuran CT; Vullo D; Manole G; Casini A; Scozzafava A. Curr ... 4. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of isozymes I, II, IV, V, and IX with anions isosteric and isoelectronic with ... 8. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.. Supuran CT; Scozzafava A; Casini A. Med Res Rev; 2003 Mar; 23(2):146-89. PubMed ID: 12500287 ... 6. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human cytosolic isozyme II and mitochondrial isozyme V with a series of benzene ...
Biomarkers Search
1. RENCA/carbonic anhydrase-IX: a murine model of a carbonic anhydrase-IX-expressing renal cell carcinoma.. Shvarts O; Janzen N ... 5. Carbonic Anhydrase IX is not a predictor of outcomes in non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma - a digital analysis ... Prognostic impact of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in human renal cell carcinoma.. Sandlund J; Oosterwijk E; Grankvist K; ... Quantification of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in serum and tissue of renal cell carcinoma patients using enzyme-linked ...
Diuretic - Explanation, History, Types, Uses and FAQs
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors:. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors stop the carbonic anhydrase enzyme from working in the proximal ... As a result, acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, was introduced in 1950. ... As a result, acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, was introduced in 1950. ... NCERT Solutions for Class 6 ScienceNCERT Solutions for Class 5 EVSNCERT Solutions for Class 4 EVSNCERT Solutions for Class 3 ...
Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics
Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency is an inherited disorder characterized by episodes of metabolic crisis abnormal brain function ... Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase deficiencies. Annu Rev Biochem. 1995;64:375-401. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi. ... Hyperammonemia due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency. *Hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency ... medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carbonic-anhydrase-va-deficiency/ Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency. ...
MeSH Browser
Carbonic Anhydrase III Preferred Concept UI. M0003389. Registry Number. EC 4.2.1.-. Scope Note. A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase ... Carbonic Anhydrases (1972-2001). Public MeSH Note. 2002; see CARBONIC DEHYDATASE 1992-2001 & CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 1983-1991. ... Carbonic Anhydrases [D08.811.520.241.300.150] * Carbonic Anhydrase I [D08.811.520.241.300.150.100] ... antag: coord with CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS. Scope Note. A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme primarily expressed in ...
Glaucoma Treatments and Management | glaucoma.org
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors usually are prescribed for use two to three times a day. ... Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce the production of fluid in the eye. Examples include Azopt® (brinzolamide) and Trusopt® ( ... Other medications used less commonly at present include oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as Diamox® (acetazolamide) and ... There are three categories of MIGS procedures, classified according to how they decrease intraocular pressure:. *Improving the ...
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Genetically Encodable Scaffolds for Optimizing Enzyme Function
... carbonic anhydrase, retro-aldolase, and Kemp eliminase. Around two to three copies of the fusion proteins were encapsulated per ... which is converted to CO2 within the shell by the action of carbonic anhydrase. Building upon this work, Price and co-workers ... coli strain gained the ability to fix CO2 due to encapsulation of RuBisCO and carbonic anhydrase within the carboxysome shell. ... AaLS-13 has also been used to simultaneously host two separate enzymes-RuBisCO and carbonic anhydrase-to form a shell that ...
Carbonic Anhydrase-1 Human Recombinant - GentaurTop
Recombinant Human Carbonic Anhydrase III. 7-02545 CHI Scientific 5µg. Ask for price ... Carbonic Anhydrase-1 Human Recombinant. Carbonic Anhydrase-1 Human Recombinant. Contact us: [email protected] ... Description: Carbonic Anhydrase 1 (CA1) is a cytosolic enzyme, belonging to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family. It is highly ... Carbonic anhydrase is expressedwith an amino-terminal hexahistidine tag.;The Carbonic anhydrase 2 is purified by proprietary ...
NIH Clinical Center Search the Studies: Study Number, Study Title
Participant is currently taking, or has taken in the last three months, a systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor prior to ... The study eye is receiving topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, or has received topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in the ... Participant has used any biologic immunosuppressive agents within the last three months (within the last six months for ... past three months. STUDY EYE SELECTION CRITERIA: If both eyes of a participant meet the study eye eligibility criteria, the ...
DailyMed - Search Results for Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Slimy partners: the mucus barrier and gut microbiome in ulcerative colitis | Experimental & Molecular Medicine
Carbon dioxide (CO2) generated from β-oxidation of SCFAs in colonocytes is converted by carbonic anhydrase to bicarbonate (HCO3 ... Slider with three articles shown per slide. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller ... which is accompanied by the generation of CO2 that can be converted by carbonic anhydrase into HCO3−51; this is the ideal ... fatty acids enter colonocytes and are oxidized to generate CO2 that can be converted by carbonic anhydrase into HCO3−, which is ...
BMC Chem Volume 17(1); 2023 Dec - PMC
Correction: Modeling and equilibrium studies on the recovery of praseodymium (III), dysprosium (III) and yttrium (III) using ... Three techniques for the determination of perindopril through derivatization with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole ... Three developed spectrophotometric methods for determination of a mixture of ofloxacin and ornidazole; application of greenness ... Exploiting the power of UPLC in separation and simultaneous determination of pholcodine, guaiacol along with three specified ...
Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Retinopathy - American Academy of Ophthalmology
... and carbonic anhydrase II.3. Patient presentation. CAR may present either after or before the diag-nosis of cancer. CAR ... Follow-up testing, includ-ing assessment of visual acuity, color vision, visual field, OCT, and ffERG, is generally done at 3- ... 3 ten Berge JC et al. PLoS One. 2016;11(12):e0167909. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167909. ... De-pending on the specific disease subtype, the antibodies target different retinal antigens.3 However, the isolated finding of ...
Enzyme - wikidoc
An example of an enzyme that contains a cofactor is carbonic anhydrase, and is shown in the ribbon diagram above with a zinc ... A three-dimensional Fourier synthesis at 2 Angstrom resolution". Nature. 22 (206): 757-761. PMID 5891407.. CS1 maint: Multiple ... Ribbon-diagram showing carbonic anhydrase II. The grey sphere is the zinc cofactor in the active site. Diagram drawn from PDB ... For example, carbonic anhydrase catalyzes its reaction in either direction depending on the concentration of its reactants. ...
Rate of central corneal thickness changes in primary angle closure eyes: long-term follow-up results | SpringerLink
Slider with three articles shown per slide. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller ... Table 3 Factors associated with central corneal thickness change rate in primary angle closure patients. Full size table. ... First, 3-6 pulses at a power of 200 mW and a spot diameter of 200 μm with a duration of 0.2 s for iris extension, was performed ... Previously, many researchers have studied the association between CCT and glaucoma [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. However, most of the ...
Efficiency of Chemodynamic therapy | IJN
Carbonic anhydrase is widely distributed in mammalian cells, mainly in the cytoplasm (CA I, CA II, CA III, CA VII and CA XIII ... Some carbonic anhydrase-related proteins also affect the expression of carbonic anhydrase. Cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociation ... Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase using SLC-149: support for a noncatalytic function of CAIX in breast cancer. J Med Chem. 2021; ... Suppression of carbonic anhydrase IX leads to aberrant focal adhesion and decreased invasion of tumor cells. Oncol Rep. 2013;29 ...
NEW (2008) DeCS DESCRIPTORS WITH SCOPE NOTES (UNIT RECORD FORMAT; 21/02/2008
... an extracellular fibronectin III-like domain along with a carbonic anhydrase-like domain. HN - 2008(1993) BX - Protein Tyrosine ... conserved group III-specific domain and a long carboxyl-terminal domain. HN - 2008 BX - Phospholipases A2, Group III MH - Group ... The three members of this family are referred to as type 1A, type 1B, and type 1C and are each product of a distinct gene. In ... If the number of nucleotides in the insertion/deletion is not divisible by three, and it occurs in a protein coding region, it ...
For Authors - OJMetal - Scientific Research Publishing
Carbonic Anhydrase VII-A Potential Prognostic Marker in Gliomas. Health, 3, 6-12. E-Journal Articles:. [4] Bharti, V.K. and ... Figures, tables and equations should be numbered and cited as Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, etc. in sequence. How to count page ... 3. All figures or photographs must be submitted as jpg or tif files with distinct characters and symbols at 500 dpi (dots per ... 3] Bootorabi, F., Haapasalo, J., Smith, E., Haapasalo, H. and Parkkila, S. (2011) ...
For Authors - OJGas - Scientific Research Publishing
Carbonic Anhydrase VII-A Potential Prognostic Marker in Gliomas. Health, 3, 6-12. E-Journal Articles:. [4] Bharti, V.K. and ... Figures, tables and equations should be numbered and cited as Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, etc. in sequence. How to count page ... 3. All figures or photographs must be submitted as jpg or tif files with distinct characters and symbols at 500 dpi (dots per ... 3] Bootorabi, F., Haapasalo, J., Smith, E., Haapasalo, H. and Parkkila, S. (2011) ...
MeSH Browser
Carbonic Anhydrase III Preferred Concept UI. M0003389. Registry Number. EC 4.2.1.-. Scope Note. A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase ... Carbonic Anhydrases (1972-2001). Public MeSH Note. 2002; see CARBONIC DEHYDATASE 1992-2001 & CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 1983-1991. ... Carbonic Anhydrases [D08.811.520.241.300.150] * Carbonic Anhydrase I [D08.811.520.241.300.150.100] ... antag: coord with CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS. Scope Note. A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme primarily expressed in ...
PASS Pro 1.41 SAR Base Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation
214 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 47 2.161 215 Carcinogenic 547 14.821 216 Cardiodepressant 144 23.271 217 Cardioprotectant 17 ... 452 Phosphodiesterase III inhibitor 88 12.638 453 Phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor 223 7.723 454 Phosphodiesterase V Inhibitor 14 ... 3 13.966 293 GABA receptor agonist 47 23.767 294 GABA receptor antagonist 21 16.010 295 GABA uptake inhibitor 11 12.477 296 GP ... 3 12.628 48 Adenosine A2a receptor antagonist 11 6.172 49 Adenosine A3 receptor agonist 5 3.503 50 Adenosine A3 receptor ...
CoP: Co-expressed Biological Processes
GAMMA CAL1 (GAMMA CARBONIC ANHYDRASE LIKE 1). Encodes a mitochondrial gamma carbonic anhydrase-like protein. Component of the ... mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III, membrane;MPFO. O.I.. H.G.. S.X.. Please select. TAIR (integral). KEGG (integral). ... GAMMA CA2 (GAMMA CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 2). Encodes mitochondrial gamma carbonic anhydrase. Component of the NADH dehydrogenase ... Encodes mitochondrial gamma carbonic anhydrase. Component of the NADH dehydrogenase complex.. O.I.. H.G.. S.X.. Please select. ...
Intervalo de referencia para el proteinograma electroforético de caimanes del nordeste argentino en cautiverio (Crocodylia:...
... carbonic anhydrase (29 kDa), tripsinogen (24 kDa), trypsin inhibitor (20 kDa), and alpha-lactalbumin (14.2 kDa). Statistical ... Boletín Técnico de la Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina Nº 55, Anexo III: 1-15. [ Links ]. 6. FOGGIN, C.M. 1987. Diseases and ... Table 3. Variations according to sex, live weight, and total longitude in both species ( ξ) ξ: arithmetic mean. In each line, ... Figure 2. Polyacrilamide gel electroforesis from C. latirostris (2, 3, 4), C. yacare (6, 7, 8) and human beings (1, 9). In ...
Inhibitors23
- 1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- 3. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- 4. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the cytosolic isozyme III with sulfonamides. (nih.gov)
- 6. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XIV with sulfonamides. (nih.gov)
- 7. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- 8. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- 9. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: cloning and sulfonamide inhibition studies of a carboxyterminal truncated alpha-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori. (nih.gov)
- 10. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human cytosolic isozyme II and mitochondrial isozyme V with a series of benzene sulfonamide derivatives. (nih.gov)
- 11. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: DNA cloning and inhibition studies of the alpha-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori, a new target for developing sulfonamide and sulfamate gastric drugs. (nih.gov)
- 12. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- 13. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the membrane-bound human isozyme IV with anions. (nih.gov)
- 14. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the beta-class enzyme from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with sulfonamides and sulfamates. (nih.gov)
- 15. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the human transmembrane isozyme XIV with a library of aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides. (nih.gov)
- 16. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- 17. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors stop the carbonic anhydrase enzyme from working in the proximal convoluted tubule. (vedantu.com)
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce the production of fluid in the eye. (glaucoma.org)
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors usually are prescribed for use two to three times a day. (glaucoma.org)
- Other medications used less commonly at present include oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as Diamox® (acetazolamide) and Neptazane® (methazolamide). (glaucoma.org)
- 2-Benzylpiperazine: a new scaffold for potent human Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors. (unifi.it)
- Comparison of intraocular pressure lowering by topical and systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in the rabbit. (duke.edu)
- Carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors are active over a number of CA isozymes. (guidetopharmacology.org)
- 2013) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrabromophthalimide moiety. (guidetopharmacology.org)
Alpha-carbonic anhydrase1
- Description: Carbonic Anhydrase 1 (CA1) is a cytosolic enzyme, belonging to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family. (gentaurtop.com)
Cytosolic1
- A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme primarily expressed in skeletal muscle ( MUSCLES, SKELETAL ). (nih.gov)
Systemic carbonic1
- Participant is currently taking, or has taken in the last three months, a systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor prior to enrollment/baseline 1 testing. (nih.gov)
Inhibitor1
- We compared the effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) of maximal doses of a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) at acidic and alkaline pH where it is maximally effective with full systemic CA inhibition in ocular normotensive New Zealand Albino rabbits. (duke.edu)
20221
- Inorg Chem;61(3): 1249-1253, 2022 Jan 24. (bvsalud.org)
Bicarbonate6
- During an episode, people with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency have excess ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia), problems with acid-base balance in the blood (metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis), low glucose in the blood (hypoglycemia), and reduced production of a substance called bicarbonate in the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
- This gene provides instructions for making the carbonic anhydrase VA enzyme, which helps convert carbon dioxide to a substance called bicarbonate. (medlineplus.gov)
- The carbonic anhydrase VA enzyme is particularly important in the liver, where it provides bicarbonate needed by four enzymes in the energy-producing centers of cells (mitochondria). (medlineplus.gov)
- Mutations in the CA5A gene result in absent or impaired carbonic anhydrase VA enzyme function, leading to reduced bicarbonate production. (medlineplus.gov)
- Insufficient bicarbonate results in impaired control of acid-base balance and reduces the activity of the four affected mitochondrial enzymes, resulting in the various biochemical abnormalities associated with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
- Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) generated from β-oxidation of SCFAs in colonocytes is converted by carbonic anhydrase to bicarbonate (HCO 3 − ), which in turn dictates the stratification of the mucus layers, such as the unfolding of mucin and resultant inner-towards-outer conversion of the mucus layer 6 (Fig. 1b ). (nature.com)
Transmembrane1
- 12. Effects of von Hippel-Lindau gene mutation and methylation status on expression of transmembrane carbonic anhydrases in renal cell carcinoma. (nih.gov)
Gene2
- Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency is caused by mutations in the CA5A gene. (medlineplus.gov)
- Studies suggest that a related enzyme produced from the CA5B gene may increasingly compensate for the lack of carbonic anhydrase VA as affected individuals mature, which may result in a reduced risk of metabolic crisis and acute encephalopathy after childhood. (medlineplus.gov)
ABSTRACT1
- Title, author(s), and affiliations should all be included on a title page as the first page of the manuscript file, followed by a 100-300 word abstract and 3-5 keywords. (scirp.org)
Genetics1
- 3 Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden. (nih.gov)
Protein5
- Metal Ion Binding Induces Local Protein Unfolding and Destabilizes Human Carbonic Anhydrase II. (bvsalud.org)
- 10. Generation of anti-tumour immune response using dendritic cells pulsed with carbonic anhydrase IX-Acinetobacter baumannii outer membrane protein A fusion proteins against renal cell carcinoma. (nih.gov)
- 15. Immunostimulatory activity of dendritic cells pulsed with carbonic anhydrase IX and Acinetobacter baumannii outer membrane protein A for renal cell carcinoma. (nih.gov)
- Description: Carbonic anhydrase 2 Human Recombinant protein produced in E.Coli containing 260 amino acids (1-260) and having a molecular mass of 29.2 kDa. (gentaurtop.com)
- 4 Other autoantibodies that have been associated with CAR include antibodies against alpha-enolase, tubby-like protein 1, heat shock cognate protein 70, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehy-drogenase, and carbonic anhydrase II. (aao.org)
Human3
- Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA) is a robust metalloprotein and an excellent biological model system to study the thermodynamics of metal ion coordination. (bvsalud.org)
- 3. Soluble carbonic anhydrase IX is not an independent prognostic factor in human renal cell carcinoma. (nih.gov)
- 4. T-cell responses and combined immunotherapy against human carbonic anhydrase 9-expressing mouse renal cell carcinoma. (nih.gov)
Tumor2
Investigation1
- 7. Investigation of hypoxia and carbonic anhydrase IX expression in a renal cell carcinoma xenograft model with oxygen tension measurements and ¹²⁴I-cG250 PET/CT. (nih.gov)
Commonly2
- Three metalloidal forms of arsenic with different crystal structures are found free in nature (the minerals arsenopyrite and the much rarer arsenolamprite and pararsenolamprite), but it is more commonly found as a compound with other elements. (t3db.ca)
- Decomposition of these isotope shifts into one-bond, two- pensity, which is commonly derived from a comparison of bond and three-bond effects as well as intra- and sequential the chemical shifts of the backbone nuclei to their literature residue contributions shows that such an analysis, which ``random coil'' values (Marsh et al. (nih.gov)
Reactions1
- [3] A few RNA molecules called ribozymes catalyze reactions, with an important example being some parts of the ribosome . (wikidoc.org)
Family1
- An interesting example is offered by the family of Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs, EC 4. (cnr.it)
Biological2
- 3 State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. (nih.gov)
- Carbonic anhydrase 1 plays a improtant role in many biological processes such as calcification, cellular respiration, bone resorption, acid-base balance. (gentaurtop.com)
Drugs1
- A new study could be the first step to developing drugs that targets carbonic anhydrase in mitochondria to help protect against aging and neurodegeneration. (neurosciencenews.com)
Production1
- a During homeostasis, the gut microbiome at the outer mucus layer modulates mucin production and secretion and mucus stratification mediated by HCO 3 − to maintain mucus barrier integrity. (nature.com)
Effective2
- Although techniques such as immunohistochemistry (IHC), en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot are effective in determining the presence of auto-antibodies, this information alone is not sufficient for the diagnosis of AIR 4 and must be considered in conjunction with the history, workup, and clinical picture. (aao.org)
- 3. Tanini D, Capperucci A, Supuran CT, Angeli A. (2019) Sulfur, selenium and tellurium containing amines act as effective carbonic anhydrase activators. (guidetopharmacology.org)
Present1
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is considered a strong acid because it is present only in a completely ionized form in the body, whereas carbonic acid (H2 CO3) is a weak acid because it is ionized incompletely, and, at equilibrium, all three reactants are present in body fluids. (medscape.com)
Articles1
- Slider with three articles shown per slide. (nature.com)
Intracellular1
- 3 Anti-recoverin antibodies induce an increase in intracellular calcium, leading to retinal apoptosis and, ultimately, retinopathy through caspase-dependent pathways. (aao.org)
Turn1
- the carbonic acid, in turn, forms water and CO2. (medscape.com)
Processes1
- 3 However, the isolated finding of ARAs is not pathognomonic for AIR, as they may occur as normal variants in the population or manifesta-tions of other processes such as uveitis or even age-related cataracts. (aao.org)
Generally1
- Between episodes, children with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency are generally healthy, and more than half have no further episodes after the first one. (medlineplus.gov)
Medical1
- Because of the small number of people with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency who have come to medical attention, the effects of this disorder in adults are not well understood. (medlineplus.gov)
Times1
- Alpha-adrenergic agonists may be prescribed for use twice or three times a day. (glaucoma.org)
Center1
- HN - 2008(2004) BX - Acetogenin Compounds MH - Acridones UI - D054831 MN - D3.132.32 MN - D3.494.46.109 MS - Compounds based on acridone, which have three linear rings, with the center ring containing a ring nitrogen and a keto oxygen opposite to each other. (nih.gov)