Carbonates
Calcium Carbonate
Lithium Carbonate
Apatites
Lanthanum
Hyperphosphatemia
Meteoroids
Mars
Animal Shells
Calcification, Physiologic
Phosphorus
Minerals
Anthozoa
Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders
Geologic Sediments
Aluminum Hydroxide
Exobiology
Calcium Citrate
Silicates
Coral Reefs
Atmosphere
Calcium Phosphates
Geology
Oceans and Seas
Chemical Precipitation
Bone Substitutes
Pinctada
Bicarbonates
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Lithium
Oxygen Isotopes
Carbon Dioxide
Tablets
Sodium Bicarbonate
Chelating Agents
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Calcium Sulfate
Palladium
Extraterrestrial Environment
Parathyroid Hormone
Calcium, Dietary
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Evolution, Planetary
Crystallization
Calcium
European interlaboratory comparison of breath 13CO2 analysis. (1/522)
The BIOMED I programme Stable Isotopes in Gastroenterology and Nutrition (SIGN) has focused upon evaluation and standardisation of stable isotope breath tests using 13C labelled substrates. The programme dealt with comparison of 13C substrates, test meals, test conditions, analysis techniques, and calculation procedures. Analytical techniques applied for 13CO2 analysis were evaluated by taking an inventory of instrumentation, calibration protocols, and analysis procedures. Two ring tests were initiated measuring 13C abundances of carbonate materials. Evaluating the data it was found that seven different models of isotope ratio mass spectrometers (IRMS) were used by the participants applying both the dual inlet system and the continuous flow configuration. Eight different brands of certified 13C reference materials were used with a 13C abundance varying from delta 13CPDB -37.2 to +2.0/1000. CO2 was liberated from certified material by three techniques and different working standards were used varying from -47.4 to +0.4/1000 in their delta 13CPDB value. The standard deviations (SDs) found for all measurements by all participants were 0.25/1000 and 0.50/1000 for two carbonates used in the ring tests. The individual variation for the single participants varied from 0.02 /1000 (dual inlet system) to 0.14/1000 (continuous flow system). The measurement of the difference between two carbonates showed a SD of 0.33/1000 calculated for all participants. Internal precision of IRMS as indicated by the specifications of the different instrument suppliers is < 0.3/1000 for continuous flow systems. In this respect it can be concluded that all participants are working well within the instrument specifications even including sample preparation. Increased overall interlaboratory variation is therefore likely to be due to non-instrumental conditions. It is possible that consistent differences in sample handling leading to isotope fractionation are the causes for interlaboratory variation. Breath analysis does not require sample preparation. As such, interlaboratory variation will be less than observed for the carbonate samples and within the range indicated as internal precision for continuous flow instruments. From this it is concluded that pure analytical interlaboratory variation is acceptable despite the many differences in instrumentation and analytical protocols. Coordinated metabolic studies appear possible, in which different European laboratories perform 13CO2 analysis. Evaluation of compatibility of the analytical systems remains advisable, however. (+info)Direct EPR detection of the carbonate radical anion produced from peroxynitrite and carbon dioxide. (2/522)
The biological effects of peroxynitrite have been recently considered to be largely dependent on its reaction with carbon dioxide, which is present in high concentrations in intra- and extracellular compartments. Peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-) reacts rapidly with carbon dioxide, forming an adduct, nitrosoperoxocarboxylate (ONOOCO2-), whose decomposition has been proposed to produce reactive intermediates such as the carbonate radical (CO-3). Here, by the use of rapid mixing continuous flow electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), we directly detected the carbonate radical in flow mixtures of peroxynitrite with bicarbonate-carbon dioxide over the pH range of 6-9. The radical was unambiguously identified by its EPR parameters (g = 2.0113; line width = 5.5 G) and by experiments with bicarbonate labeled with 13C. In this case, the singlet EPR signal obtained with 12C bicarbonate splits into the expected doublet because of 13C (a(13C)= 11.7 G). The singlet spectrum of the unlabeled radical was invariant between pH 6 and 9, confirming that in this pH range the detected radical is the carbonate radical anion (CO-3). Importantly, in addition to contributing to the understanding of nitrosoperoxocarboxylate decomposition pathways, this is the first report unambiguously demonstrating the formation of the carbonate radical anion at physiological pHs by direct EPR spectroscopy. (+info)Islet cell membrane antigens activate diabetogenic CD4+ T-cells in the BB/Wor rat. (3/522)
Type 1 diabetes is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-associated autoimmune disease mediated by beta-cell-specific T-cells and characterized by circulating autoantibodies to beta-cell molecules. In the BB/Wor diabetes-prone (DP) rat, type 1 diabetes develops spontaneously with an incidence of >90%. BB diabetes can be adoptively transferred to naive syngeneic or MHC class II-compatible rats with islet cell-activated T-cell lines derived from diabetic BB/Wor rats. However, the target beta-cell autoantigen(s) in BB diabetes has not yet been defined. BB rat T-cell lines activated in vitro with antigen-presenting cells (APC) and BB islet cell crude membranes (CM), but not islet cell cytosol, adoptively transfer diabetes into young DP recipients. To determine if the target autoantigen is an integral or peripheral membrane protein, islet cell CM were treated with 0.5 mol/l KCl or 0.2 mol/l Na2CO3 (pH 11). Both treatments selectively extract peripheral proteins from the cell membrane without affecting the disposition of integral (transmembrane) proteins. T-cell lines activated in vitro with APC and 0.5 mol/l KCl, or pH 11 (0.2 mol/l Na2CO3)-treated islet cell CM, transferred diabetes into young DP rats. Conversely, T-cell lines activated in vitro with APC and the supernatant of 0.5 mol/l KCl-treated CM (containing extracted peripheral proteins), did not adoptively transfer diabetes. After activation in vitro with islet cell membrane antigens, the diabetes-inducing cell lines were comprised of both CD4+ CD8- T-cells and 10-30% B-cells. We conclude that a major CD4+ T-cell target autoantigen in BB diabetes is a membrane-associated beta-cell molecule with the characteristics of an integral beta-cell membrane protein. The identification of this MHC class II-restricted beta-cell target molecule will allow the design of antigen-specific intervention protocols to prevent the onset of type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible individuals. (+info)A 60 kDa plasma membrane protein changes its localization to autophagosome and autolysosome membranes during induction of autophagy in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells. (4/522)
We previously reported the preparation and characterization of an antibody against membrane fraction of autolysosomes from rat liver (J. Histochem. Cytochem. 38, 1571-1581, 1990). Immunoblot analyses of total membrane fraction of a rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells by this antibody suggested that H-4-II-E cells expressed several autolysosomal proteins, including a protein with apparent molecular weight of 60 kDa. It was suggested that this 60 kDa protein was a peripheral membrane protein, because it was eluted from the membrane by sodium carbonate treatment. We prepared an antibody against this 60 kDa protein by affinity purification method, and examined its behavior during induction of autophagy. Autophagy was induced by transferring the cells from Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) containing 12% fetal calf serum into Hanks' balance salt solution. In DMEM, the 60 kDa protein showed diffused immunofluorescence pattern, and immunoelectron microscopy suggested that this protein was located on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane. After inducing autophagy, the immunofluorescence configuration of the 60 kDa protein changed from the diffused pattern to a granulous one. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the 60 kDa protein was localized on the luminal side of the limiting membrane of autolysosomes and endosomes. In the presence of bafilomycin A1 which prevents fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes, the 60 kDa protein was localized on the limiting membrane of the autophagosomes and endosomes. These results suggest that the 60 kDa protein is transported from the plasma membrane to the autophagosome membrane through the endosomes. (+info)Degradation of polycarbonate by a polyester-degrading strain, Amycolatopsis sp. strain HT-6. (5/522)
Amycolatopsis sp. strain HT-6, a poly(tetramethylene succinate) (PTMS)-degrading actinomycete, was observed to degrade poly(tetramethylene carbonate) (PTMC). In a liquid culture with 150 mg of PTMC film, 59% degradation was achieved, but with a low yield of cell growth. On the other hand, PTMS copolymerized with a small amount of PTMC, forming a copolyester carbonate (PEC) that was completely and rapidly degraded with a high yield of cell growth. (+info)T-1095, an inhibitor of renal Na+-glucose cotransporters, may provide a novel approach to treating diabetes. (6/522)
T-1095A and T-1095 are synthetic agents derived from phlorizin, a specific inhibitor of Na+-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs). Unlike phlorizin, T-1095 is absorbed into the circulation via oral administration, is metabolized to the active form, T-1095A, and suppresses the activity of SGLTs in the kidney. Orally administered T-1095 increases urinary glucose excretion in diabetic animals, thereby decreasing blood glucose levels. Indeed, the postprandial hyperglycemia after a meal load was shown to be suppressed by this compound in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. With long-term T-1095 treatment, both blood glucose and HbA1c levels were reduced in STZ-induced diabetic rats and yellow KK mice. In addition, there was amelioration of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, i.e., hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and of the development of microalbuminuria, in yellow KK mice. Thus, T-1095 may be a useful antidiabetic drug, providing a novel therapeutic approach for diabetes. (+info)The age of the carbonates in martian meteorite ALH84001. (7/522)
The age of secondary carbonate mineralization in the martian meteorite ALH84001 was determined to be 3.90 +/- 0.04 billion years by rubidium-strontium (Rb-Sr) dating and 4.04 +/- 0.10 billion years by lead-lead (Pb-Pb) dating. The Rb-Sr and Pb-Pb isochrons are defined by leachates of a mixture of high-graded carbonate (visually estimated as approximately 5 percent), whitlockite (trace), and orthopyroxene (approximately 95 percent). The carbonate formation age is contemporaneous with a period in martian history when the surface is thought to have had flowing water, but also was undergoing heavy bombardment by meteorites. Therefore, this age does not distinguish between aqueous and impact origins for the carbonates. (+info)Antibodies against pex14p block ATP-independent binding of matrix proteins to peroxisomes in vitro. (8/522)
The membrane protein Pex14p is a key component of the protein import machinery of peroxisomes. Antibodies raised against human Pex14p recognise a 66 kDa protein in sunflower glyoxysomes (HaPex14p) and immunoprecipitate in vitro-translated Arabidopsis Pex14p (AtPex14p). These antibodies inhibit the ATP-independent binding to sunflower peroxisome membranes of peroxisome targeting signal type (PTS) 1- and PTS2-targeted matrix proteins, but not an integral membrane protein. These results suggest that Pex14p functions before the ATP-dependent step of peroxisome assembly. (+info)Causes of Hyperphosphatemia:
There are several possible causes of hyperphosphatemia, including:
1. Kidney disease or failure: The kidneys regulate the levels of phosphate in the blood, and if they are not functioning properly, phosphate levels can become elevated.
2. Resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH): PTH is a hormone that helps regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the body. If there is resistance to PTH, phosphate levels can become elevated.
3. Vitamin D deficiency: Vitamin D is important for the absorption of phosphate from food in the gut. A deficiency in vitamin D can lead to an excessive amount of phosphate in the blood.
4. Certain medications: Some medications, such as certain antacids and nutritional supplements, can contain high levels of phosphate and cause hyperphosphatemia.
5. Poor dietary habits: Consuming a diet that is high in phosphate-rich foods, such as meat and processed foods, can lead to elevated phosphate levels in the blood.
Symptoms of Hyperphosphatemia:
The symptoms of hyperphosphatemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but may include:
1. Bone pain or weakness
2. Fatigue
3. Nausea and vomiting
4. Weakness in the muscles
5. Rickets (in children)
6. Osteoporosis (in adults)
7. Kidney damage or failure
Diagnosis of Hyperphosphatemia:
Hyperphosphatemia is typically diagnosed through blood tests that measure the level of phosphate in the blood. Other tests may also be performed to assess kidney function and rule out other potential causes of elevated phosphate levels. These tests may include:
1. Serum creatinine test: This test measures the level of creatinine, a waste product that is produced by the muscles and removed from the blood by the kidneys. Elevated levels of creatinine can indicate kidney damage or failure.
2. Urine test: A urine test may be performed to check for proteinuria (excess protein in the urine), which can be a sign of kidney damage.
3. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) test: This test measures the level of PTH, a hormone that regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. Elevated levels of PTH can indicate hyperparathyroidism, a condition in which the parathyroid glands produce too much PTH.
4. 24-hour urine phosphate test: This test measures the amount of phosphate excreted in the urine over a 24-hour period.
Treatment of Hyperphosphatemia:
The treatment of hyperphosphatemia depends on the underlying cause of the condition. Here are some possible treatment options:
1. Phosphate-binding agents: These medications, such as sevelamer and lanthanum carbonate, bind to phosphate in the gut and prevent it from being absorbed into the bloodstream.
2. Calcium supplements: Calcium can help to lower phosphate levels by binding to it and removing it from the bloodstream.
3. Dietary changes: A dietitian can work with you to develop a meal plan that limits phosphate-rich foods, such as meat, dairy products, and processed foods, while emphasizing fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
4. Dialysis: In cases where the condition is caused by kidney failure, dialysis may be necessary to remove excess phosphate from the blood.
5. Surgery: In cases where the condition is caused by a parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected gland(s).
It's important to note that hyperphosphatemia can lead to complications such as mineral bone disease, which can cause weakened bones, bone pain, and an increased risk of fractures. Therefore, it's important to work with your healthcare provider to manage the condition and prevent these complications.
There are several types of phosphorus metabolism disorders, including:
1. Hypophosphatemia: This is a condition characterized by low levels of phosphorus in the blood. It can be caused by a variety of factors, such as malnutrition, kidney disease, or hormonal imbalances. Symptoms of hypophosphatemia can include fatigue, weakness, and bone pain.
2. Hyperphosphatemia: This is a condition characterized by high levels of phosphorus in the blood. It can be caused by conditions such as kidney disease or excessive intake of phosphorus-containing foods. Symptoms of hyperphosphatemia can include nausea, vomiting, and an increased risk of kidney stones.
3. Fanconi syndrome: This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to absorb and utilize phosphorus. It is characterized by low levels of phosphorus in the blood, as well as other symptoms such as rickets, bone pain, and an increased risk of fractures.
4. X-linked hypophosphatemic tumor-induced osteomalacia (XLH): This is a rare genetic disorder that affects males and is characterized by low levels of phosphorus in the blood and an increased risk of bone fractures. It is caused by mutations in the TNS1 gene, which codes for a protein involved in phosphorus metabolism.
5. Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO): This is a rare disorder that is caused by tumors that produce excessive amounts of a hormone called fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). This hormone interferes with the body's ability to absorb phosphorus, leading to low levels of phosphorus in the blood and an increased risk of bone fractures.
6. Chronic kidney disease: In advanced stages of chronic kidney disease, the kidneys may not be able to effectively remove excess phosphorus from the blood, leading to hyperphosphatemia.
7. Heart disease: High levels of phosphorus in the blood can increase the risk of heart disease, including conditions such as atherosclerosis and heart failure.
8. Kidney damage: Prolonged exposure to high levels of phosphorus in the blood can damage the kidneys and increase the risk of kidney disease.
It is important to note that these are just a few examples of conditions that can cause hyperphosphatemia, and there may be other causes as well. If you suspect that you or someone you know has hyperphosphatemia, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Carbonates and Evaporites
Carbonates on Mars
Carbonate
Diphenyl carbonate
Carbonate hardness
Rubidium carbonate
Potassium carbonate
Beryllium carbonate
Cap carbonate
Lead carbonate
Barium carbonate
Trimethylene carbonate
Zinc carbonate
Sulfate carbonate
Diethyl carbonate
Lithium carbonate
Butylene carbonate
Carbonate ester
Aluminium carbonate
Carbonate chloride
Ethylene carbonate
Silver carbonate
Uranyl carbonate
Talc carbonate
Carbonate mineral
Vinylene carbonate
Dimethyl carbonate
Carbonate hardgrounds
Polypropylene carbonate
Carbonate oxalate
Carbonates
CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards -
Calcium carbonate
DailyMed - LITHIUM CARBONATE capsule
What Is Sodium Carbonate? | livestrong
Nickel Carbonate Market
Calcium Carbonate: MedlinePlus Drug Information
EPO - T 0056/08 (Epoxidation with palladium and carbonates/LYONDELL) of 3.3.2011
Potassium Carbonate Dihydrate - Tech-FAQ
pms-Lithium Carbonate - Uses, Side Effects, Interactions - MedBroadcast.com
carbonate Archives - Visual Capitalist
Calcium carbonate | Buchi.com
Superlattice ordering transitions driven by short-range structure in barium calcium carbonates - Faraday Discussions (RSC...
Gluten Free, Vegetarian - Calcium Carbonate - Swanson®
Carbonates of magnesium and of copper - Find commodity data - UK Trade Info
The Carbonate Solution, Part 1: Brute Force - Prometheus Institute
'Saudi Arabia Carbonates Category Profile 2014' is now available at Fast Market Research |...
water carbonating machine Archives - Trainingcollar
Carbonate Facies in the Good Field, Borden County, Texas
Copper Ammonium Carbonate Market Outlook and Growth Opportunities 2019- 2025
Using the pH Scale and Carbonic Acid Formation to Understand the Effect of Ocean Acidification on Organisms with Calcium...
Petr Dobes et al.: Carbonate hydrothermal vein mineralization in... GRR 2014, 165-170.
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate | Carmeuse
Oldest Carbonates in the Solar System - Heidelberg Ion Probe Used to Date Flensburg Meteorite
Free Sample Report of Propylene Carbonate Market is available for Download
Polymer compositions containing hydrated basic magnesium calcium carbonates as smoke-depressant additives - Patent EP-0012578...
An introduction to minerals and rocks under the microscope: 3.7.1 Carbonates - OpenLearn - Open University
Tums (calcium carbonate) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
How To Use A Carbonation Stone - Force Carbonating Beer Quickly
APEC Water Essence Replacement Pre-Filter set w/ PH+ US Made Calcium Carbonate re-mineralization filter for ROES-PH75
Diagenetic history and reservoir properties of the Cenomanian-Turonian carbonates in southwestern Iran and the Persian Gulf
Lanthanum18
- No information is available on the use of lanthanum carbonate during breastfeeding in humans. (nih.gov)
- Lanthanum carbonate should not be used in nursing mothers. (nih.gov)
- Lanthanum carbonate, a potent and selective phosphate binder, is transported and absorbed mainly via M cells in gastrointestinal tract. (nih.gov)
- Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile of lanthanum carbonate]. (nih.gov)
- Assessment of the application for renewal of authorisation of Lantharenol ® (lanthanum carbonate octahydrate) for cats. (nih.gov)
- Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of hyperphosphatemic patients with end-stage renal disease. (nih.gov)
- Lanthanum carbonate is used to lower phosphate levels in patients with end stage kidney disease. (everydayhealth.com)
- Lanthanum carbonate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. (everydayhealth.com)
- What is Lanthanum Carbonate (Fosrenol) used for? (everydayhealth.com)
- If you need to have any type of x-ray of your stomach area , tell the doctor ahead of time that you are using lanthanum carbonate. (everydayhealth.com)
- Can I take Lanthanum Carbonate (Fosrenol) if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding? (everydayhealth.com)
- Lanthanum carbonate can make it harder for your body to absorb other medicines you take by mouth. (everydayhealth.com)
- Use Lanthanum Carbonate (Fosrenol) exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. (everydayhealth.com)
- Take lanthanum carbonate with food or immediately after eating. (everydayhealth.com)
- If you have tooth problems or cannot chew easily, crush the chewable tablet before swallowing, or ask your doctor about using the oral powder form of lanthanum carbonate. (everydayhealth.com)
- While using lanthanum carbonate, you may need frequent blood tests. (everydayhealth.com)
- Lanthanum carbonate is a noncalcium, nonaluminum phosphate binder indicated for the reduction of high phosphorus levels in patients with end-stage renal disease. (medscape.com)
- Managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and slowing the decline in kidney function: Advanced CKD requires drugs to maintain electrolyte levels (eg, calcium carbonate, calcium acetate, sevelamer, lanthanum carbonate, calcitriol, diuretics. (medscape.com)
Drugs1
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to calcium carbonate or any other drugs. (medlineplus.gov)
Carbon dioxide6
- 1. A process for producing an epoxide comprising reacting an olefin, oxygen, and hydrogen in the presence of a modifier and a catalyst comprising palladium and titanium zeolite, wherein the modifier is (a) calcium carbonate in the presence of carbon dioxide or (b) ammonium bicarbonate. (epo.org)
- 14. A process comprising reacting propylene, hydrogen and oxygen in a solvent in the presence of a modifier and a catalyst comprising palladium and a titanium silicalite, wherein the modifier is calcium carbonate in the presence of carbon dioxide. (epo.org)
- Auxiliary request II differs from the main request in that the respective amounts of calcium carbonate, carbon dioxide and ammonium bicarbonate have been added to the independent claims. (epo.org)
- the dependent claims 2-7 and 10 have been deleted and the respective amounts of calcium carbonate, carbon dioxide and ammonium bicarbonate have been added to the independent claims. (epo.org)
- Auxiliary request V is based on auxiliary request IV with the addition of the respective amounts of ammonium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate and carbon dioxide to the independent claims. (epo.org)
- The process creates a byproduct of potassium hydroxide, which is then mixed with carbon dioxide to produce potassium carbonate and water. (tech-faq.com)
Sodium22
- What Is Sodium Carbonate? (livestrong.com)
- Sodium carbonate is in soap. (livestrong.com)
- Don't confuse sodium carbonate with sodium bicarbonate. (livestrong.com)
- The latter is the standard baking soda you'd find in your cupboard, while sodium carbonate is an ingredient in dish soap, glass products and floor cleaners. (livestrong.com)
- Sodium carbonate is also a food additive recognized as generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (livestrong.com)
- Sodium carbonate is sometimes called soda ash or disodium carbonate. (livestrong.com)
- Sodium carbonate, or soda ash, is a common ingredient in many manufacturing processes and is also a food additive. (livestrong.com)
- Sodium carbonate occurs naturally on earth, but may also be manufactured by mixing sodium chloride (salt) with ammonia. (livestrong.com)
- Pick up sodium carbonate at grocery stores or at swimming pool supply stores as well as hardware stores. (livestrong.com)
- What Are Sodium Carbonate & Sodium Percarbonate? (livestrong.com)
- For the most part, however, sodium carbonate has a low risk of toxicity . (livestrong.com)
- Sodium carbonate is approved as a food additive according to the Food and Drug Administration . (livestrong.com)
- If you ingest sodium carbonate, you won't get a load of sodium (despite the compound's name. (livestrong.com)
- Oral consumption of sodium carbonate dissolved in water could act as an antacid. (livestrong.com)
- The National Library of Medicine Toxicology Data Network explains that sodium carbonate has a vast number of uses. (livestrong.com)
- You may encounter sodium carbonate in laundry and dish washing detergent, floor cleaners, degreasers, cosmetics, scouring powders and soaps. (livestrong.com)
- Toothpaste often includes sodium carbonate to help raise mouth pH and act as a foaming agent, explains UC Davis . (livestrong.com)
- As a food additive, sodium carbonate is commonly included in ramen noodles to give them a springy texture. (livestrong.com)
- Sodium bicarbonate is a similar compound, but isn't the same thing as sodium carbonate. (livestrong.com)
- Although sodium carbonate has antacid properties, sodium bicarbonate is actually a prescribed medication to relieve heartburn and acid indigestion, according to Medline Plus . (livestrong.com)
- Sodium bicarbonate, not sodium carbonate, has solid research behind its ability to boost exercise performance too. (livestrong.com)
- Sodium carbonate (known as washing soda or soda ash) is a chemical found in many household and industrial products. (nih.gov)
Dietary4
- Calcium carbonate is a dietary supplement used when the amount of calcium taken in the diet is not enough. (medlineplus.gov)
- Calcium carbonate is commonly found in antacids (for heartburn) and some dietary supplements. (nih.gov)
- forms of calcium in dietary supplements are calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. (nih.gov)
- Calcium carbonate combines with dietary phosphate to form insoluble calcium phosphate, which is excreted in feces. (medscape.com)
Powder3
- Lithium Carbonate is a white, light, alkaline powder with molecular formula Li 2 CO 3 and molecular weight 73.89. (nih.gov)
- Potassium carbonate is a white powder used to make soap, glass, and other items. (nih.gov)
- Each hard gelatin capsule with a yellow opaque body and an orange cap, with 'pms' and '150' printed on the cap in blue ink, and 'LITH' imprinted on the body in blue ink, containing a fine white-to-off-white powder, contains 150 mg of lithium carbonate. (medbroadcast.com)
Antacid2
- Calcium carbonate also is used as an antacid to relieve heartburn, acid indigestion, and upset stomach. (medlineplus.gov)
- Do not take calcium carbonate as an antacid for more than 2 weeks unless your doctor tells you to. (medlineplus.gov)
Commonly3
- Carbonate rocks commonly grade naturally into siliciclastic sedimentary rocks as the proportion of terrigenous grains of varying size and mineralogy increases. (britannica.com)
- The combination of calcium carbonate and magnesium is commonly found in antacids. (nih.gov)
- Potassium carbonate is still commonly used as a baking ingredient in thick breads such as gingerbread. (tech-faq.com)
Chewable tablet1
- Calcium carbonate comes as a tablet, chewable tablet, capsule, and liquid to take by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
Supersaturated with calcium1
- Oöids develop today on shallow shelf areas where strong bottom currents can wash the various kinds of material that form oöid nuclei back and forth in well-agitated, warm water that is supersaturated with calcium carbonate. (britannica.com)
Lithobid1
- Lithium Carbonate is also known as Lithobid or also Eskalith. (bartleby.com)
Capsule3
- Each capsule for oral administration contains 150 mg, 300 mg or 600 mg of Lithium Carbonate USP. (nih.gov)
- Lithium Carbonate Capsule USP is indicated in the treatment of manic episodes of Bipolar Disorder. (nih.gov)
- Lithium Carbonate Capsule USP is also indicated as a maintenance treatment for individuals with a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder. (nih.gov)
Predominantly2
- How are changing demographics (for example, an ageing or predominantly young population) determining consumption of Carbonates in Nigeria? (euromonitor.com)
- Limestones and dolomites are collectively referred to as carbonates because they consist predominantly of the carbonate minerals calcite (CaCO 3 ) and dolomite (CaMg[CO 3 ] 2 ). (britannica.com)
Potassium20
- Potassium carbonate dihydrate (K2CO3.2H2O) is a white chemical. (tech-faq.com)
- Salt from potassium carbonate and water from the dihydrate are mixed into a deliquescent (wet salt). (tech-faq.com)
- Potassium carbonate dihydrate is generally used as a nutritional supplement in livestock feed. (tech-faq.com)
- It has several other uses when the water molecules are removed from the potassium carbonate dihydrate. (tech-faq.com)
- When more water is added to potassium carbonate dihydrate, it dissolves into a solution. (tech-faq.com)
- In its near dry state, potassium carbonate dihydrate can be used to produce soaps and glass. (tech-faq.com)
- In 1742, Antonio Campanella discovered potassium carbonate and found it to be the primary component of potash. (tech-faq.com)
- Producing potassium carbonate is simple enough and can be done via electrolysis. (tech-faq.com)
- Electrolysis produces potassium carbonate in commercial quantities by running an electrical current through potassium chloride. (tech-faq.com)
- When potassium carbonate is mixed with water, there is an exothermic reaction that causes it to heat up. (tech-faq.com)
- Potassium carbonate dihydrate is a suitable electrolyte replacement when used in generators and other devices that run on the electrolyte solution processes. (tech-faq.com)
- Potassium carbonate can be used in food production. (tech-faq.com)
- A common Asian cuisine that uses potassium carbonate is grass jelly. (tech-faq.com)
- Potassium carbonate can be used as a buffering agent to produce mead or wines. (tech-faq.com)
- Potassium carbonate is a suitable replacement for calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate when used as a drying agent in the lab. (tech-faq.com)
- The organic drying phase can be done with the potassium carbonate to carefully remove small traces of acidic impurities for better preservation of dried specimens. (tech-faq.com)
- In the nuclear fusion field, potassium carbonate can be formed into an electrolyte that aids in cold fusion experiments. (tech-faq.com)
- Potassium carbonate is used to maintain the anhydrous (without water) conditions possible when used in a way that will not react with other reactants or any products that are formed from the processing of said reactants. (tech-faq.com)
- Potassium carbonate can also be used to dry ketones, alcohols, and amines before they are distilled. (tech-faq.com)
- Potassium carbonate can be used in extinguishers to out high heat flame fires (such as oil fires and other types of class B fires). (tech-faq.com)
Lithium6
- The medication that we will be talking about is Lithium Carbonate. (bartleby.com)
- Lithium Carbonate is a mood stabilizer. (bartleby.com)
- D.B. has been taking Lithium Carbonate for about 5 years. (bartleby.com)
- Learning about Lithium Carbonate I needed do my own research on learning about this drug. (bartleby.com)
- Lithium Carbonate is not typically prescribed to many people. (bartleby.com)
- In order to be prescribed Lithium Carbonate you have to be seen someone in behavioral health vs. by your family doctor. (bartleby.com)
Synthesis1
- Spatially Ordered Arrangement of Multifunctional Sites at Molecule Level in a Single Catalyst for Tandem Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates. (bvsalud.org)
Forms of calcium1
- Some liquid forms of calcium carbonate must be shaken well before use. (medlineplus.gov)
Organic2
- The texture , sedimentary structures, composition , and organic content of carbonates provide numerous insights into the environment of deposition and regional paleogeography . (britannica.com)
- In this regard, the selective and efficient conversion of light olefins with CO2 into high-value-added organic cyclic carbonates (OCCs) is of great significance owing to their high atom economy and absence of the isolation of intermediates. (bvsalud.org)
Minerals1
- Carbonate minerals present in ancient limestones and dolomites occur in one of three textural forms: (1) discrete silt to sand to coarser carbonate grains, or allochems , such as oöids or skeletal fragments, (2) mud-size interstitial calcium carbonate matrix called microcrystalline calcite or micrite, and (3) interlocking, 0.02- to 0.1-millimetre-diameter crystals of clear interstitial calcium carbonate cement or spar. (britannica.com)
Medicines1
- Do not take calcium carbonate within 1-2 hours of taking other medicines. (medlineplus.gov)
Crystals1
- Black crystals of Robertsite on pink carbonate-hydroxylapatite. (webmineral.com)
Magnesium1
- Modern carbonate sediments are composed almost entirely of metastable aragonite (CaCO 3 ) and magnesium-rich calcite, both of which readily recrystallize during diagenesis to form calcite. (britannica.com)
Amounts1
- Ingestion of certain forms of barium (e.g., barium carbonate or barium fluoride) in toxic amounts can lead to gastrointestinal signs and symptoms (e.g., vomiting, abdominal pain, and watery diarrhea). (cdc.gov)
Consumption1
- To what extent are health considerations impacting consumption of Carbonates in Nigeria? (euromonitor.com)
Tablet1
- Calcium carbonate is available by tablet for chewing or swallowing and is sold in many sizes (250-1000 mg). (medscape.com)
Rocks2
- Most are marine, and thick sequences of carbonate rocks occur in all the continental blocks, a surviving record of the transgressions and regressions of shallow marine (epeiric) seas that repeatedly blanketed the stable continental cratonic areas from time to time mainly during the late Precambrian , Paleozoic, and Mesozoic eras. (britannica.com)
- Many important oil reservoirs of the world, especially those of the Middle East , occur in carbonate rocks. (britannica.com)
Illness1
- 0.7% calcium carbonate agar plates illness and death ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
Pregnant1
- If you become pregnant while taking calcium carbonate, call your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
Forecast1
- Other non-cola carbonates is expected to see the best performance in total volume terms over the forecast period. (euromonitor.com)
Side effects1
- Calcium carbonate may cause side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
Reaction1
- The cobalt hydroxide carbonate synthesized with 10 h reaction time showed the highest specific capacitance (1381 F g −1 at a current density of 2 A g −1 ) and excellent cycling stability (92% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles). (rsc.org)
Products2
- How are products distributed in Carbonates in Nigeria? (euromonitor.com)
- CSPI's report, Carbonating the World , finds that companies are spending billions of dollars a year in countries such as Brazil, China, India, and Mexico to build bottling plants, create distribution networks, and advertise their products. (cspinet.org)
Water2
- Modern marine carbonate sediments, whose formation is favoured by warm, shallow water , are presently being deposited in a broad band straddling the Equator. (britannica.com)
- 3. Aspirate supernatant and resuspend remaining pel et with 250 µl of 0.1M Na-Carbonate extraction buffer (this is usual y a 1:10 dilution of a 1M Na-Carbonate buffer stock with water). (nih.gov)
Exactly as directed1
- Take calcium carbonate exactly as directed. (medlineplus.gov)
Food1
- Calcium carbonate is absorbed best when taken with food. (nih.gov)
Solid2
- Carbonates posted solid retail volume growth in 2022 largely due to price competition and aggressive marketing which helped to drive growth despite the economic challenges facing manufacturers. (euromonitor.com)
- These carbonates are more solid and even heavier than the tarry oil sands. (scientificamerican.com)
Years1
- However, the relative success of carbonates in this year may easily be eroded in the forthcoming years if economic conditions persist. (euromonitor.com)