Carbonates. Medical search

Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.

A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.

A group of phosphate minerals that includes ten mineral species and has the general formula X5(YO4)3Z, where X is usually calcium or lead, Y is phosphorus or arsenic, and Z is chlorine, fluorine, or OH-. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Lanthanum. The prototypical element in the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol La, atomic number 57, and atomic weight 138.91. Lanthanide ion is used in experimental biology as a calcium antagonist; lanthanum oxide improves the optical properties of glass.

A condition of abnormally high level of PHOSPHATES in the blood, usually significantly above the normal range of 0.84-1.58 mmol per liter of serum.

Any solid objects moving in interplanetary space that are smaller than a planet or asteroid but larger than a molecule. Meteorites are any meteoroid that has fallen to a planetary surface. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The fourth planet in order from the sun. Its two natural satellites are Deimos and Phobos. It is one of the four inner or terrestrial planets of the solar system.

The hard rigid covering of animals including MOLLUSCS; TURTLES; INSECTS; and crustaceans.

Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.

A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.

Native, inorganic or fossilized organic substances having a definite chemical composition and formed by inorganic reactions. They may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other mineral or rock. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

Substances that counteract or neutralize acidity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

A class in the phylum CNIDARIA, comprised mostly of corals and anemones. All members occur only as polyps; the medusa stage is completely absent.

Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.

A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)

The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.

A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.

The interdisciplinary science that studies evolutionary biology, including the origin and evolution of the major elements required for life, their processing in the interstellar medium and in protostellar systems. This field also includes the study of chemical evolution and the subsequent interactions between evolving biota and planetary evolution as well as the field of biology that deals with the study of extraterrestrial life.

A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Inorganic compounds that contain calcium as an integral part of the molecule.

The generic term for salts derived from silica or the silicic acids. They contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals, and may contain hydrogen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th Ed)

Marine ridges composed of living CORALS, coral skeletons, calcareous algae, and other organisms, mixed with minerals and organic matter. They are found most commonly in tropical waters and support other animal and plant life.

The gaseous envelope surrounding a planet or similar body. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.

The science of the earth and other celestial bodies and their history as recorded in the rocks. It includes the study of geologic processes of an area such as rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic).

The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

A hard or leathery calciferous exterior covering of an egg.

Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue.

A genus of pearl oysters in the family Pteriidae, class BIVALVIA. Both cultured and natural pearls are obtained from species in the genus. They are distinct from the distantly related, edible true oysters of the family OSTREIDAE.

Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.

Stable oxygen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element oxygen, but differ in atomic weight. O-17 and 18 are stable oxygen isotopes.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Solid dosage forms, of varying weight, size, and shape, which may be molded or compressed, and which contain a medicinal substance in pure or diluted form. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.

Chemicals that bind to and remove ions from solutions. Many chelating agents function through the formation of COORDINATION COMPLEXES with METALS.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.

A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.

The environment outside the earth or its atmosphere. The environment may refer to a closed cabin (such as a space shuttle or space station) or to space itself, the moon, or other planets.

A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.

Calcium compounds used as food supplements or in food to supply the body with calcium. Dietary calcium is needed during growth for bone development and for maintenance of skeletal integrity later in life to prevent osteoporosis.

A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.

A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.

Creation and development of bodies within solar systems, includes study of early planetary geology.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The cycle by which the element carbon is exchanged between organic matter and the earth's physical environment.

European interlaboratory comparison of breath 13CO2 analysis. (1/522)

The BIOMED I programme Stable Isotopes in Gastroenterology and Nutrition (SIGN) has focused upon evaluation and standardisation of stable isotope breath tests using 13C labelled substrates. The programme dealt with comparison of 13C substrates, test meals, test conditions, analysis techniques, and calculation procedures. Analytical techniques applied for 13CO2 analysis were evaluated by taking an inventory of instrumentation, calibration protocols, and analysis procedures. Two ring tests were initiated measuring 13C abundances of carbonate materials. Evaluating the data it was found that seven different models of isotope ratio mass spectrometers (IRMS) were used by the participants applying both the dual inlet system and the continuous flow configuration. Eight different brands of certified 13C reference materials were used with a 13C abundance varying from delta 13CPDB -37.2 to +2.0/1000. CO2 was liberated from certified material by three techniques and different working standards were used varying from -47.4 to +0.4/1000 in their delta 13CPDB value. The standard deviations (SDs) found for all measurements by all participants were 0.25/1000 and 0.50/1000 for two carbonates used in the ring tests. The individual variation for the single participants varied from 0.02 /1000 (dual inlet system) to 0.14/1000 (continuous flow system). The measurement of the difference between two carbonates showed a SD of 0.33/1000 calculated for all participants. Internal precision of IRMS as indicated by the specifications of the different instrument suppliers is < 0.3/1000 for continuous flow systems. In this respect it can be concluded that all participants are working well within the instrument specifications even including sample preparation. Increased overall interlaboratory variation is therefore likely to be due to non-instrumental conditions. It is possible that consistent differences in sample handling leading to isotope fractionation are the causes for interlaboratory variation. Breath analysis does not require sample preparation. As such, interlaboratory variation will be less than observed for the carbonate samples and within the range indicated as internal precision for continuous flow instruments. From this it is concluded that pure analytical interlaboratory variation is acceptable despite the many differences in instrumentation and analytical protocols. Coordinated metabolic studies appear possible, in which different European laboratories perform 13CO2 analysis. Evaluation of compatibility of the analytical systems remains advisable, however. (+info)

Direct EPR detection of the carbonate radical anion produced from peroxynitrite and carbon dioxide. (2/522)

The biological effects of peroxynitrite have been recently considered to be largely dependent on its reaction with carbon dioxide, which is present in high concentrations in intra- and extracellular compartments. Peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-) reacts rapidly with carbon dioxide, forming an adduct, nitrosoperoxocarboxylate (ONOOCO2-), whose decomposition has been proposed to produce reactive intermediates such as the carbonate radical (CO-3). Here, by the use of rapid mixing continuous flow electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), we directly detected the carbonate radical in flow mixtures of peroxynitrite with bicarbonate-carbon dioxide over the pH range of 6-9. The radical was unambiguously identified by its EPR parameters (g = 2.0113; line width = 5.5 G) and by experiments with bicarbonate labeled with 13C. In this case, the singlet EPR signal obtained with 12C bicarbonate splits into the expected doublet because of 13C (a(13C)= 11.7 G). The singlet spectrum of the unlabeled radical was invariant between pH 6 and 9, confirming that in this pH range the detected radical is the carbonate radical anion (CO-3). Importantly, in addition to contributing to the understanding of nitrosoperoxocarboxylate decomposition pathways, this is the first report unambiguously demonstrating the formation of the carbonate radical anion at physiological pHs by direct EPR spectroscopy. (+info)

Islet cell membrane antigens activate diabetogenic CD4+ T-cells in the BB/Wor rat. (3/522)

Type 1 diabetes is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-associated autoimmune disease mediated by beta-cell-specific T-cells and characterized by circulating autoantibodies to beta-cell molecules. In the BB/Wor diabetes-prone (DP) rat, type 1 diabetes develops spontaneously with an incidence of >90%. BB diabetes can be adoptively transferred to naive syngeneic or MHC class II-compatible rats with islet cell-activated T-cell lines derived from diabetic BB/Wor rats. However, the target beta-cell autoantigen(s) in BB diabetes has not yet been defined. BB rat T-cell lines activated in vitro with antigen-presenting cells (APC) and BB islet cell crude membranes (CM), but not islet cell cytosol, adoptively transfer diabetes into young DP recipients. To determine if the target autoantigen is an integral or peripheral membrane protein, islet cell CM were treated with 0.5 mol/l KCl or 0.2 mol/l Na2CO3 (pH 11). Both treatments selectively extract peripheral proteins from the cell membrane without affecting the disposition of integral (transmembrane) proteins. T-cell lines activated in vitro with APC and 0.5 mol/l KCl, or pH 11 (0.2 mol/l Na2CO3)-treated islet cell CM, transferred diabetes into young DP rats. Conversely, T-cell lines activated in vitro with APC and the supernatant of 0.5 mol/l KCl-treated CM (containing extracted peripheral proteins), did not adoptively transfer diabetes. After activation in vitro with islet cell membrane antigens, the diabetes-inducing cell lines were comprised of both CD4+ CD8- T-cells and 10-30% B-cells. We conclude that a major CD4+ T-cell target autoantigen in BB diabetes is a membrane-associated beta-cell molecule with the characteristics of an integral beta-cell membrane protein. The identification of this MHC class II-restricted beta-cell target molecule will allow the design of antigen-specific intervention protocols to prevent the onset of type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible individuals. (+info)

A 60 kDa plasma membrane protein changes its localization to autophagosome and autolysosome membranes during induction of autophagy in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells. (4/522)

We previously reported the preparation and characterization of an antibody against membrane fraction of autolysosomes from rat liver (J. Histochem. Cytochem. 38, 1571-1581, 1990). Immunoblot analyses of total membrane fraction of a rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells by this antibody suggested that H-4-II-E cells expressed several autolysosomal proteins, including a protein with apparent molecular weight of 60 kDa. It was suggested that this 60 kDa protein was a peripheral membrane protein, because it was eluted from the membrane by sodium carbonate treatment. We prepared an antibody against this 60 kDa protein by affinity purification method, and examined its behavior during induction of autophagy. Autophagy was induced by transferring the cells from Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) containing 12% fetal calf serum into Hanks' balance salt solution. In DMEM, the 60 kDa protein showed diffused immunofluorescence pattern, and immunoelectron microscopy suggested that this protein was located on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane. After inducing autophagy, the immunofluorescence configuration of the 60 kDa protein changed from the diffused pattern to a granulous one. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the 60 kDa protein was localized on the luminal side of the limiting membrane of autolysosomes and endosomes. In the presence of bafilomycin A1 which prevents fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes, the 60 kDa protein was localized on the limiting membrane of the autophagosomes and endosomes. These results suggest that the 60 kDa protein is transported from the plasma membrane to the autophagosome membrane through the endosomes. (+info)

Degradation of polycarbonate by a polyester-degrading strain, Amycolatopsis sp. strain HT-6. (5/522)

Amycolatopsis sp. strain HT-6, a poly(tetramethylene succinate) (PTMS)-degrading actinomycete, was observed to degrade poly(tetramethylene carbonate) (PTMC). In a liquid culture with 150 mg of PTMC film, 59% degradation was achieved, but with a low yield of cell growth. On the other hand, PTMS copolymerized with a small amount of PTMC, forming a copolyester carbonate (PEC) that was completely and rapidly degraded with a high yield of cell growth. (+info)

T-1095, an inhibitor of renal Na+-glucose cotransporters, may provide a novel approach to treating diabetes. (6/522)

T-1095A and T-1095 are synthetic agents derived from phlorizin, a specific inhibitor of Na+-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs). Unlike phlorizin, T-1095 is absorbed into the circulation via oral administration, is metabolized to the active form, T-1095A, and suppresses the activity of SGLTs in the kidney. Orally administered T-1095 increases urinary glucose excretion in diabetic animals, thereby decreasing blood glucose levels. Indeed, the postprandial hyperglycemia after a meal load was shown to be suppressed by this compound in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. With long-term T-1095 treatment, both blood glucose and HbA1c levels were reduced in STZ-induced diabetic rats and yellow KK mice. In addition, there was amelioration of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, i.e., hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and of the development of microalbuminuria, in yellow KK mice. Thus, T-1095 may be a useful antidiabetic drug, providing a novel therapeutic approach for diabetes. (+info)

The age of the carbonates in martian meteorite ALH84001. (7/522)

The age of secondary carbonate mineralization in the martian meteorite ALH84001 was determined to be 3.90 +/- 0.04 billion years by rubidium-strontium (Rb-Sr) dating and 4.04 +/- 0.10 billion years by lead-lead (Pb-Pb) dating. The Rb-Sr and Pb-Pb isochrons are defined by leachates of a mixture of high-graded carbonate (visually estimated as approximately 5 percent), whitlockite (trace), and orthopyroxene (approximately 95 percent). The carbonate formation age is contemporaneous with a period in martian history when the surface is thought to have had flowing water, but also was undergoing heavy bombardment by meteorites. Therefore, this age does not distinguish between aqueous and impact origins for the carbonates. (+info)

Antibodies against pex14p block ATP-independent binding of matrix proteins to peroxisomes in vitro. (8/522)

The membrane protein Pex14p is a key component of the protein import machinery of peroxisomes. Antibodies raised against human Pex14p recognise a 66 kDa protein in sunflower glyoxysomes (HaPex14p) and immunoprecipitate in vitro-translated Arabidopsis Pex14p (AtPex14p). These antibodies inhibit the ATP-independent binding to sunflower peroxisome membranes of peroxisome targeting signal type (PTS) 1- and PTS2-targeted matrix proteins, but not an integral membrane protein. These results suggest that Pex14p functions before the ATP-dependent step of peroxisome assembly. (+info)

Carbonate dissolution affects rocks containing calcium carbonate, such as limestone and chalk. This takes place when rain ... carbonic acid + calcium carbonate → calcium bicarbonate. Carbonate dissolution on the surface of well-jointed limestone ... Carbonate dissolution reaction involves the following steps: CO2 + H2O → H2CO3. carbon dioxide + water → carbonic acid. H2CO3 ... Hydrolysis of silicates and carbonates[edit]. Hydrolysis is a chemical weathering process that may affect silicate and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering

Calcium carbonate[edit]. Carbon is also biologically fixed in the form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) used as a protective ... Some plankton, (e.g. coccolithophores and foraminifera) combine calcium (Ca) and dissolved carbonates (carbonic acid and ... as well as the cycling of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed into shells by certain organisms such as plankton and mollusks ( ... it is formed from dissolved forms of carbonate which are in equilibrium with CO2 and then responsible for removing this carbon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pump

Carbonate Sagebrush Valleys[edit]. The basins and semi-arid uplands of the Carbonate Sagebrush Valleys surround the carbonate ... Even in alluvial soils, root growth may be limited by a hardpan or caliche layer formed by carbonates leaching through the soil ... They contrast with the High-elevation Carbonate Mountains to the east, where the mountain brush zone is too narrow to be mapped ... are more constricted in area and are more influenced by nearby mountain ranges with extensive carbonate rock exposures, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Basin_Desert

At some places white, water-bearing carbonates and sulfates are incorporated. The main characteristic of CI chondrites is the ... carbonates. sulfates. Carbonaceous minerals include: graphite. diamond (microscopic). amino acids. polycyclic aromatic ... CI chondrite mineralogy is dominated by a fine-grained phyllosilicate matrix, hosting carbonates, sulfates, sulfides, and ... Besides inorganic carbon compounds like graphite, diamond and carbonates, organic carbon compounds are represented. For ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CI_chondrite

Carbonates. Main article: Carbonate minerals. The carbonate minerals are those in which the main anionic group is carbonate, [ ... Carbonates are most often formed as biogenic or chemical sediments in marine environments. The carbonate group is structurally ... field geologists often carry dilute hydrochloric acid to distinguish carbonates from non-carbonates. The reaction of acid with ... Carbonates tend to be brittle, many have rhombohedral cleavage, and all react with acid.[134] Due to the last characteristic, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral

When carbonate is added, uranium is converted to a series of carbonate complexes if the pH is increased. One effect of these ... Carbonates. The interactions of carbonate anions with uranium(VI) cause the Pourbaix diagram to change greatly when the medium ... While the vast majority of carbonates are insoluble in water (students are often taught that all carbonates other than those of ... 2 ion represents the uranium(VI) state and is known to form compounds such as uranyl carbonate, uranyl chloride and uranyl ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium

Carbonates Evaporites. 25(4):297-302 Blakey, Ron and Wayne Ranney, Ancient Landscapes of the Colorado Plateau, Grand Canyon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redwall_Limestone

2 CO2 The Na2S is then treated with calcium carbonate to give sodium carbonate, a commodity chemical. Recently, development of ... Christian Thieme (2000). "Sodium Carbonates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbothermic_reaction

... a once major industrial process for producing sodium carbonate. In that process sodium sulfide reacts with calcium carbonate: ... Glossary of meteoritics Christian Thieme (2000). "Sodium Carbonates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_sulfide

the Lower Egyptian "Natrontal" Wadi El Natrun, where a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate for the ... and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). These names are unambiguous since sodium always has the +1 oxidation state and carbonate the −2 ... which were unknown when the names sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate were coined) as sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) ... It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate). The natural mineral form is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate

Soda ash (sodium carbonate) and potash (potassium carbonate), collectively termed alkali, are vital chemicals in the glass, ... The soda ash from glasswort plant ashes was mainly a mixture of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. In addition in Egypt ... followed by reaction of the sodium sulfate with coal and calcium carbonate to produce sodium carbonate. The process gradually ... The calcium carbonate, in the form of limestone or chalk, should be low in magnesia and silica. The weight ratio of the charge ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leblanc_process

Nickel(II) carbonate, also known as nickelous carbonate, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is NiCO3. It contains ... Nickel(II) carbonate is a pale green solid. It does not dissolve in water. It reacts with acids to make carbon dioxide. It ... It is made by reacting sodium carbonate with nickel(II) chloride or nickel(II) sulfate. ... Retrieved from "https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nickel(II)_carbonate&oldid=4513984" ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel

Carbonates: such as trona, formed in inland brine lakes. *Some evaporite minerals, such as Hanksite, are from multiple groups. ... At this point, minor carbonates begin to form.[2] The next phase in the sequence comes when the experiment is left with about ... At this point, the mineral gypsum begins to form, which is then followed by halite at 10%,[2] excluding carbonate minerals that ... Hanksite, Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl, one of the few minerals that is both a carbonate and a sulfate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporite

Calcareous sand grains were bound by carbonate cement to form a calcarenite limestone. Although Polynesian people were known to ... Carbonates and Evaporites. 18 (2): 108-119. doi:10.1007/BF03176232. Parsons, Vivienne (1967). "Nepean, Nicholas (1757-1823)". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepean_Island_(Norfolk_Island)

"Upper cretaceous carbonate reservoirs of the Raman Field, Southeast Turkey". Carbonates and Evaporites. 1: 25-43. doi:10.1007/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_oil_field

These facies results from the abrupt deepening of the basin and the reestablishment of carbonate production. Carbonates such as ... It is characterized by carbonate production on the shelf margin and dominant carbonate deposition throughout the basin. The ... 1999). "The second-order cycle, carbonate-platform growth, and reservoir, source, and trap prediction, Advances in carbonate ... The basin fill during a lowstand is composed of thin carbonate beds intermingled with sandstone and siltstone at the shelf and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)

The carbonate rocks show widespread evidence of diagenetic alteration, meaning the carbonates have been chemically or ... 27 May 2009). Development and Demise of Mid-Oceanic Carbonate Platforms, Wodejebato Guyot (NW Pacific). Reefs and Carbonate ... the similar platform at neighbouring Mili Atoll is still depositing carbonate. The drownings of carbonate platforms such as ... The carbonate platform reaches an overall thickness of 290 metres (950 ft) in one drill core. Drill cores in the platform show ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limalok

... and precipitation on a major tropical carbonate platform". Carbonates and Evaporites. 29 (1): 73-87. doi:10.1007/s13146-013- ... This is because ocean acidification decreases the amount of carbonate ion in the water, making it more difficult for corals to ... The hard coral species will then leave behind their calcium carbonate skeletons, which will be taken over by algae, effectively ... absorb the calcium carbonate they need for the skeleton. As a result, the resilience of reefs goes down, while it becomes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_bleaching

Carbonates and Evaporites. 27 (2): 103-107. doi:10.1007/s13146-011-0074-1. ISSN 0891-2556. S2CID 129104329. Palmer, Brian (June ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Guatemala_City_sinkhole

"Upper cretaceous carbonate reservoirs of the Raman Field, Southeast Turkey". Carbonates and Evaporites. 1 (1): 25. doi:10.1007/ ... The age of the Garzan formation is cretaceous, consisting of carbonates of a rudist build-up complex. Oil field contains 24 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garzan_oil_field

Carbonates and Evaporites. 33 (3): 2. doi:10.1007/s13146-017-0349-2. ISSN 1878-5212. Arjmandzadeh, R.; Karimpour, M.H.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazman

A carbonate platform is said to 'drown' when sedimentation can no longer keep up with relative rises in sea level. Carbonate ... Subsequently, carbonate deposition commenced as Allison Guyot subsided and eventually buried the island, forming an atoll-like ... The carbonate deposits indicate sea level changes following orbital cycles consistent with Milankovitch forcing; parts of the ... Such emergence and drowning has been recorded at carbonate platforms of that age around the world and may be the consequence of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison_Guyot

Carbonate deposition commenced, forming an atoll-like structure and a carbonate platform. The platform emerged above sea level ... The carbonates occur in the form of boundstone, carbonate hardgrounds, floatstone, grainstone, grapestone, oncoids, ooliths, ... It is likely that the present-day carbonate platform contains only a fraction of the originally deposited carbonate, most of ... About 14 individual sequences of carbonates have been identified in drill cores. The carbonate sedimentation probably began in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolution_Guyot

Edgell, H. S. (1997-09-01). "Karst and hydrogeology of Lebanon". Carbonates and Evaporites. 12 (2): 220-235. doi:10.1007/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain_ez_Zarqa

Carbonates and Evaporites. Springerlink. 8 (1): 50-54. doi:10.1007/BF03175162. S2CID 129164535. Archived from the original on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_V._Chilingar

... which promotes calcium carbonate precipitation. The thermodynamic influence of inorganic carbon on whiting calcium carbonate ... Furthermore, cases exist in which the type of calcium carbonate found in the whiting cloud matches the type found on local ... A whiting event is a phenomenon that occurs when a suspended cloud of fine-grained calcium carbonate precipitates in water ... They tend to occur more often in summer months, as warmer waters promote calcium carbonate precipitation, and in hard waters. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiting_event

Carbonates - Dolomite, Limestone. Clays - Kaolinite, Sericite, Bentonite, Fuller's earth. Soft and heat insulating stone - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Japan

During the Cretaceous, carbonates accumulated on Horizon Guyot while it subsided, forming a carbonate deposit which in one ... while in Cenozoic reefs reef-building organisms deposited carbonates within their bodies. Pit-like depressions within carbonate ... Carbonates are found as limestone and siltstone; some limestones were formed by living beings. At one point in the drill core, ... The carbonates accumulated directly on the previous volcano and reefs started growing when volcanic activity was still underway ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizon_Guyot

Hydrolysis of silicates and carbonates. Hydrolysis is a chemical weathering process affecting silicate and carbonate minerals. ... carbonic acid + calcium carbonate → calcium bicarbonate. Carbonation on the surface of well-jointed limestone produces a ... Carbonation occurs on rocks which contain calcium carbonate, such as limestone and chalk. This takes place when rain combines ... Underground limestone from the carbonate West Congolian deposit in Kimpese, Democratic Republic of Congo. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_weathering

"On the hydrates of sodium carbonate".. [permanent dead link] *^ a b c d Christian Thieme (2000). "Sodium Carbonates". Ullmann's ... Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, (also known as washing soda, soda ash and soda crystals) is the inorganic compound with the formula ... Sodium carbonate is obtained as three different hydrates and as the anhydrous salt: *sodium carbonate decahydrate (natron), Na2 ... These ions form insoluble solid precipitates upon treatment with carbonate ions: Ca2+ + CO32- → CaCO3. Sodium carbonate is an ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_ash

All forms of magnesium carbonate react with acids. Magnesium carbonate crystallizes in the calcite structure wherein Mg2+ is ... Like many common group 2 metal carbonates, magnesium carbonate reacts with aqueous acids to release carbon dioxide and water: ... If magnesium chloride (or sulfate) is treated with aqueous sodium carbonate, a precipitate of basic magnesium carbonate-a ... References to "light" and "heavy" magnesium carbonates actually refer to the magnesium hydroxy carbonates hydromagnesite and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_carbonate

Magnesium carbonate. Calcium carbonate. Barium carbonate Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their ... Strontium carbonate (SrCO3) is the carbonate salt of strontium that has the appearance of a white or grey powder. It occurs in ... Strontium carbonate is a white, odorless, tasteless powder. Being a carbonate, it is a weak base and therefore is reactive with ... usually sodium or ammonium carbonates). For example if sodium carbonate was used in solution with strontium nitrate: Sr(NO3)2 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium_carbonate

Pure sodium carbonate is a white, odorless powder that absorbs moisture from the air, has an alkaline taste, and forms a ... sodium carbonate, chemical compound, Na 2CO 3, soluble in water and very slightly soluble in alcohol. Pure sodium carbonate is ... Sodium carbonate decahydrate, Na 2CO 3·10H 2O, is a colorless, transparent crystalline compound commonly called sal soda or ... The principal uses of sodium carbonate are in the manufacture of glass and the production of chemicals. It is also used in ...

https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/chemistry/elements/sodium-carbonate

... and the carbonates of less reactive metals, such as lead and copper. ... This experiment involves a comparison between the thermal stabilities of carbonates of reactive metals, such as sodium and ... Potassium carbonate, K2CO3(s), (IRRITANT) - see CLEAPSS Hazcard.. Sodium carbonate, anhydrous, Na2CO3(s), (IRRITANT) - see ... Those metal carbonates which do decompose leave a residue of the metal oxide and evolve carbon dioxide in the process:. ...

http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resource/res00000450/thermal-decomposition-of-metal-carbonates

calcium carbonate, CaCO3, white chemical compound that is the most common nonsiliceous mineral. It occurs in two crystal forms ... Calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is one of the most common compounds on Earth, making up about 7% of Earths crust ... Calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is one of the most common compounds on Earth , making up about 7% of Earths crust ... Calcium carbonate has two major crystalline forms-two different geometric arrangements of the calcium ions and carbonate ions ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/chemistry/compounds-and-elements/calcium-carbonate

Pure sodium carbonate is a white, odorless powder that absorbs moisture from the air, has an alkaline taste, and forms a ... sodium carbonate, chemical compound, Na2CO3, soluble in water and very slightly soluble in alcohol. ... Sodium Carbonate. OVERVIEW. Sodium carbonate (SO-dee-um KAR-bun-ate) is an odorless white powder or crystalline solid with an ... Properties of sodium carbonate. At room temperature, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is an odorless, grayish white powder that is ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/chemistry/compounds-and-elements/sodium-carbonate

Carbonate minerals are a common constituent of lacustrine sediments. The great variability with respect to geological setting, ... Plummer, L. N. (1975). Mixing of seawater with calcium carbonate ground water. Mem. Geol. Soc. Am., 142: 219-236.Google Scholar ... Ball, M. M. (1967). Carbonate sand bodies of Florida and the Bahamas. J. Sed. Petrol., 37: 556-591.Google Scholar ... Lalou, C. (1957). Studies on bacterial precipitation of carbonates in sea water. J. Sed. Petrol., 27: 190-195.Google Scholar ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-1152-3_9

Carbonates and Evaporites is an international scientific journal published 4 times a year by Springer and provides a forum for ... This includes the origin and stratigraphy of carbonate, and evaporite rocks and issues unique to these rock types: weathering ... the exchange of concepts, research and applications on all aspects of carbonate and evaporite geology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonates_and_Evaporites

The carbonates were discovered in an outcrop of rocks called "Comanche." Carbonates (calcium or iron carbonates) were ... At that time, carbonates would have formed from water and the carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere. Later the deposits of carbonate ... Earth has vast carbonate deposits in the form of limestone. Huygens Crater - circle shows location of carbonate deposit - ... These kind of carbonates only form when there is a lot of water. They were found with the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonates_on_Mars

Carbonate Sequences and Reservoirs Modelling carbonate sequences and reservoirs has always been a challenging task. Carbonate ... Confounding Carbonates: The Reservoir Rocks that Wont Play Nice This lecture will discuss the differences between carbonates ... The Etiology of Carbonate Porosity In this webinar, Stephen Ehrenberg will present a review of the various processes that ... Heterogeneity in Carbonate Reservoirs This work investigates how heterogeneity can be defined and how we can quantify this term ...

https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/sedimentology-and-stratigraphy/carbonates/pfcatid/471/dolostones/currentpage/19/currentpage/24

vCalcium carbonate reacts with acids, releasing carbon dioxide: v vCalcium carbonate will react with water that is saturated ... CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O → Ca(HCO3)2 This reaction is important in the erosion of carbonate rocks, forming caverns, and leads to hard ... and the anionic carbonate ion CO32-. It is found naturally in limestone and in seashells. ... Calcium carbonate is an ionic salt, formed from the cationic calcium (II) ...

https://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_calcium_carbonate

Calcium Carbonate: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Before taking calcium carbonate,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to calcium carbonate or any other drugs. ... Gas-X® with Maalox® (containing Calcium Carbonate, Simethicone). *Rolaids® Plus Gas Relief (containing Calcium Carbonate, ... Take calcium carbonate exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601032.html

This resource is part of the Sodium carbonate - a versatile material resources collection, which presents learning material ... based on the manufacture and uses of sodium carbonate made by the Solvay (ammonia-soda) process. ... Manufacturing sodium carbonate Handout Sodium carbonate - introduction and teachers notes Handout Buy Sodium Carbonate booklet ... Manufacturing sodium carbonate Description. A worksheet with an account of the Solvay process and questions on the process and ...

http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resource/res00002214/manufacturing-sodium-carbonate?cmpid=CMP00007520

Calcichew tablets are a calcium supplement containing calcium carbonate, information about taking calcichew 500mg tablets, ... Calcichew (calcium carbonate). Calcichew tablets contain the active ingredient calcium carbonate, which is a calcium salt used ... Sandocal (calcium lactate gluconate, calcium carbonate) * Actonel combi (risedronate sodium, colecalciferol, calcium carbonate) ... Calcium carbonate is also used in people with kidney failure to bind to phosphate consumed in the diet. Its needed because in ...

https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/dietry/a7837/calcichew-calcium-carbonate/

Adcal tablets are a calcium supplement containing calcium carbonate, information about taking adcal tablets, including adcal ... Adcal (calcium carbonate). Adcal chewable tablets contain the active ingredient calcium carbonate, which is a calcium salt used ... Calcichew Forte (calcium carbonate). Everything you need to know about taking this calcium supplement By Helen Marshall ... Calcium carbonate is also used in people with kidney failure to bind to phosphate consumed in the diet. Its needed because in ...

http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/diet-and-nutrition/a8328/adcal-calcium-carbonate/

Products from calcium carbonate. For your exam, you need to know how calcium hydroxide is obtained from calcium carbonate. ... If calcium carbonate is heated strongly, it breaks down to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Calcium oxide is yellow when ...

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa/limestone/calciumcarbonaterev2.shtml

This article focuses on poisoning due to sodium carbonate. ... Sodium carbonate (known as washing soda or soda ash) is a ... Sodium carbonate is usually not very toxic in small amounts. However, if you swallow large amounts, you may have symptoms. In ... Sodium carbonate (known as washing soda or soda ash) is a chemical found in many household and industrial products. This ... article focuses on poisoning due to sodium carbonate.. This article is for information only. DO NOT use it to treat or manage ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002486.htm

Magnesium carbonate definition, a white powder, MgCO3, insoluble in water and alcohol, soluble in acids, used in dentifrices ... Words nearby magnesium carbonate. magnate, magnesia, magnesite, magnesium, magnesium arsenate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium ... Chalk is a very pure form of carbonate of lime, and where it abounds has been largely employed as an application on the soil. ... When ordinary methods do not suffice, it can usually be cleared by shaking up with a little magnesium carbonate and filtering. ...

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/magnesium-carbonate

Lithium Carbonate (LiCO3) is a compound often used in psychiatric medicine for the treatment of bipolar disorder,Bipolar ... Lithium carbonate. Confirm. Do you really want to send cpt_ahab a message saying you like their work? ... Lithium Carbonate (LiCO3) is a compound often used in psychiatric medicine for the treatment of Bipolar Personality Disorder ( ... What is known is that Lithium Carbonate reduces the action of Norepinephrine and Serotonin in the brain, and inhibits the ...

https://everything2.com/title/Lithium+carbonate?like_id=2067934&confirmop=ilikeit

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/C13H10O3/c14-13

Other names: Carbonic acid, diethyl ester; Ethyl carbonate; Diatol; Ethyl carbonate ((EtO)2CO); Eufin; C2H5OC(O)OC2H5; ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C105588&Units=SI&Mask=1EFF&Type=ANTOINE&Plot=on

... MSDS Number: S6890 --- Effective Date: 12/08/96. 1. Product Identification. Synonyms: Carbonic acid, ... Strontium Carbonate (1633-05-2) No No No No --------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 2\---------------- -RCRA ... Strontium Carbonate (1633-05-2) Yes Yes No Yes --------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 1\---------------- - ... Strontium Carbonate (1633-05-2) No No None 12. Ecological Information. Environmental Fate: No information found. Environmental ...

https://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/s6890.htm

carbonates Houston, carbonates says:. I am an exploration geologist, which requires me to be tolerant of risk and able to ... carbonates is outperforming , 20% of all CAPS players. A players score is the total percentage return of all his picks ...

http://caps.fool.com/player/carbonates.aspx

Carbonates in Germany. - Carbonates in Estonia. - Carbonates in Indonesia. - Carbonates in the Philippines. - Carbonates in ... Carbonates Market in Asia to 2019: Market Guide. - Carbonates Market in MENA to 2019: Market Guide. - Carbonates Market in East ... Carbonates Market in Latin America to 2019: Market Guide. - Carbonates Market in West Europe to 2019: Market Guide. - ... Report Published: Carbonates in Italy. Fast Market Research recommends Carbonates in Italy from Euromonitor International, ...

http://www.sbwire.com/press-releases/report-published-carbonates-in-italy-519835.htm

Carbonates continued to perform well in 2013, with total value sales recording 12% growth, due to the continued success of the ... Carbonates in Germany. - Carbonates in Estonia. - Carbonates in the Philippines. - Carbonates in Kazakhstan. - Carbonates in ... Carbonates Market in Asia to 2019: Market Guide. - Carbonates Market in MENA to 2019: Market Guide. - Carbonates Market in East ... Carbonates Market in Latin America to 2019: Market Guide. - Carbonates Market in West Europe to 2019: Market Guide. - ...

http://www.sbwire.com/press-releases/carbonates-in-indonesia-now-available-at-fast-market-research-519117.htm

2-PROPANEDIOL CARBONATE; 1,2-PROPANEDIOL CYCLIC CARBONATE; 1,2-PROPANEDIYL CARBONATE; 1,2-PROPYLENE CARBONATE; 1,3-DIOXOLAN-2- ... About PROPYLENE CARBONATE: Propylene carbonate is a synthetic solvent.. Function(s): Solvent; Viscosity Decreasing Agent; ...

http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredient/705314/PROPYLENE_CARBONATE/

Propylene carbonate is a synthetic solvent.. 1,3-DIOXOLAN-2-ONE, 4-METHYL-, 1,3DIOXOLAN2ONE, 4METHYL, 4-METHYL- 1,3-DIOXOLAN-2- ... ONE, 4-METHYL-1,3-DIOXOLAN-2-ONE, CARBONIC ACID CYCLIC METHYLETHYLENE ESTER, and PROPYLENE CARBONATE ...

https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/705314-PROPYLENE_CARBONATE/

Carbonating your own beverages is a fun and cost-effective way to make your favorite drinks fizz! Many different drinks can be ... If you want to carbonate a beverage which includes a cloudy syrup, carbonate the clear base (such as seltzer water) first if ... v4-460px-Carbonate-a-Beverage-Step-1-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/a\/af\/Carbonate-a-Beverage-Step-1-Version-2.jpg ... v4-460px-Carbonate-a-Beverage-Step-5-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Carbonate-a-Beverage-Step-5-Version-2.jpg ...

https://www.wikihow.com/Carbonate-a-Beverage

The upper carbonate aquifer consists of the upper part of a shale and carbonate rock sequence that forms the Maquoketa ... UPPER CARBONATE AQUIFER. INTRODUCTION. The upper carbonate aquifer is an important aquifer only in southeastern Minnesota and ... Fracturing and subsequent dissolution of a carbonate facies of the rock has produced the very productive upper carbonate ... Preview and download Upper carbonate aquifer figures--(91 thru 96). Download the text (This is the text for all of HA 730-J in ...

https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/ha730/ch_j/J-text7.html

Magnesium carbonate crystallizes in the calcite structure wherein Mg 2+ is surrounded by six oxygen atoms. (wikipedia.org)
Calcium carbonate has two major crystalline forms - two different geometric arrangements of the calcium ions and carbonate ions that make up the compound - aragonite and calcite. (encyclopedia.com)
In its pure form, calcium carbonate is a white powder with a specific gravity of 2.71 in the calcite form or 2.93 in the aragonite form. (encyclopedia.com)
Evidence for significant quantities of carbonate deposits on the surface began to increase in 2008 when the Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) and WCL experiments on the 2007 Phoenix Mars lander found between 3-5wt% calcite (CaCO3) and an alkaline soil. (wikipedia.org)
Calcium carbonate exists in nature as mineral aragonite and calcite (as in limestone, chalk and marble). (inchem.org)
The calcite in carbonate minerals is a unique mineral as its cleavage takes three distinct directions and has double refraction. (mynewsdesk.com)
It had been known that calcium carbonate is initially present in amorphous, i.e., disordered form and only later takes on the regular structure of calcite. (mpg.de)
Other examples of carbonates include calcite, dolomite, and marble. (windows2universe.org)
Sedimentary rocks containing calcite and other carbonates are plentiful in the earth. (wikipedia.org)

Calcium carbonate deposits can be formed in sea-water when calcium ions dissolved from other minerals react with dissolved carbon dioxide ( carbonic acid , H 2 CO 3 ). (encyclopedia.com)
Carbonates are salts of carbonic acid. (reference.com)
1) The metallic carbonates are the salts of carbonic acid, H 2 CO 3 . (wikisource.org)
2) The organic carbonates are the esters of carbonic acid, H 2 CO 3 , and of the unknown ortho-carbonic acid, C(OH) 4 . (wikisource.org)
Anhydrous sodium carbonate is the waterless crystalline form of sodium carbonate, the sodium salt of carbonic acid. (reference.com)
The name may also mean an ester of carbonic acid, an organic compound containing the carbonate group O=C(O-) 2 . (thefullwiki.org)
It is the conjugate base of the hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) ion, HCO 3 − , which is the conjugate base of H 2 CO 3 , carbonic acid. (thefullwiki.org)
In aqueous solution , carbonate, bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, and carbonic acid exist together in a dynamic equilibrium . (thefullwiki.org)
When the partial pressure of CO 2 is reduced, for example when a can of soda is opened, the equilibrium for each of the forms of carbonate (carbonate, bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, and carbonic acid) shifts until the concentration of CO 2 in the solution is equal to the solubility of CO 2 at that temperature and pressure. (thefullwiki.org)

Potassium carbonate, K 2 CO 3 (s), (IRRITANT) - see CLEAPSS Hazcard. (rsc.org)
When heated with ammonia it yields guanidine, and on boiling with alcoholic potash it yields potassium carbonate. (wikisource.org)
Potassium carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula K 2 CO 3 . (wikipedia.org)
Potassium carbonate is mainly used in the production of soap and glass . (wikipedia.org)
Potassium carbonate is the primary component of potash and the more refined pearl ash or salts of tartar. (wikipedia.org)
German gingerbread recipes often use potassium carbonate as a baking agent, although in combination with hartshorn . (wikipedia.org)
The process of adding potassium carbonate to cocoa powder is usually called "Dutching" (and the products referred to as Dutch-processed cocoa powder), as the process was first developed in 1828 by Coenrad Johannes van Houten , a Dutchman. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we focused on the regeneration temperature of carbon aerogel-potassium carbonate (CA-KC) nanocomposites, where KC nanocrystals were formed in the mesopores of the CAs. (hindawi.com)
Sodium carbonate ("soda" or "natron") and potassium carbonate ("potash") have been used since antiquity for cleaning and preservation, as well as for the manufacture of glass . (thefullwiki.org)
Potassium Carbonate (also called Salt of Tartar or Pearl Ash) is an inorganic salt that appears as a white, odorless powder. (chemistrystore.com)
Notify me when Potassium Carbonate is in stock. (chemistrystore.com)
The joint venture is one of the world's largest producers of potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate and sells its products in the international market through the International Sales Department of OxyChem. (oxy.com)
Potassium carbonate is an inorganic compound important to many industries and its use is as old as recorded history. (oxy.com)
Centuries ago in Pompeii potassium carbonate was leached from ashes and mixed with slaked lime for soap making. (oxy.com)
Today, potassium hydroxide (caustic potash or KOH), produced through the electrolysis of potassium chloride brine, is reacted with carbon dioxide to form potassium carbonate. (oxy.com)
Anhydrous potassium carbonate can be purchased in 50-pound bags, 25-kilogram bags, drums, super sacks, bulk trucks and bulk rail car quantities. (oxy.com)
Liquid potassium carbonate is sold in drums, totes, tank trucks and tank cars. (oxy.com)
Anhydrous potassium carbonate is also sold as a milled product in quantities of 50-pound bag-in-box, drums, or super sacks. (oxy.com)

Students should find that sodium and potassium carbonates give no carbon dioxide or any other sign that decomposition has taken place, even after prolonged heating. (rsc.org)
They manufactured shells and skeletons of calcium carbonate using the calcium ions and carbon dioxide in the oceans, just as clams, oysters, and corals do today. (encyclopedia.com)
At that time, carbonates would have formed from water and the carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
vCalcium carbonate will react with water that is saturated with carbon dioxide to form the soluble calcium bicarbonate. (answers.com)
If calcium carbonate is heated strongly, it breaks down to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. (bbc.co.uk)
An organic carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate is prepared by reacting an alcohol such as methanol with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst system containing Cu(OMe)Cl as a catalyst and a pyridine compound as a ligand of the catalyst system. (google.com)
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) may be prepared by the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst system. (google.com)
The acid carbonates of the alkali metals can be prepared by saturating an aqueous solution of the alkaline hydroxide with carbon dioxide, M·OH + CO 2 = MHCO 3 , and from these acid salts the normal salts may be obtained by gentle heating, carbon dioxide and water being produced at the same time, 2MHCO 3 = M 2 CO 3 + HO 2 + CO 2 . (wikisource.org)
The carbonates are decomposed by mineral acids, with formation of the corresponding salt of the acid, and liberation of carbon dioxide. (wikisource.org)
Many carbonates which are insoluble in water dissolve in water containing carbon dioxide. (wikisource.org)
Potassium ethyl carbonate, KO·CO·OC 2 H 5 , is obtained in the form of pearly scales when carbon dioxide is passed into an alcoholic solution of potassium ethylate, CO 2 + KOC 2 H 5 = KO·CO·OC 2 H 5 . (wikisource.org)
Carbonate deposits can sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. (geotimes.org)
If Mars once had a thick carbon dioxide-greenhouse atmosphere, it too could have maintained warm enough temperatures to keep water liquid pulling carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to form thick layers of carbonates, in the presence or absence of life. (geotimes.org)
If carbonate minerals were distributed in Mars crust at the same concentrations as in its dust, at about 2 percent by weight, Bandfield and his co-workers calculated that surface deposits about 1 kilometer thick could store enough carbon dioxide to account for several bars of atmospheric pressure, a significant carbon dioxide greenhouse. (geotimes.org)
The actual mass of martian dust is so small that it s premature to say that these carbonates are the [carbon dioxide] sink, says Bruce Jakosky, a planetary geologist at the University of Colorado in Boulder. (geotimes.org)
The answer will require a more exacting global inventory of carbonates on the ground and in the upper atmosphere, as well as further research into how much carbon dioxide solar wind or meteor impacts could strip from the planet s atmosphere, Jakosky says. (geotimes.org)
The regeneration behaviors of alkali metal carbonates change when they are supported on nanoporous structural materials such as activated carbon, Al 2 O 3 , or carbon nanofibers or when they are combined with MgO, TiO, or FeOOH, which can themselves capture CO 2 . (hindawi.com)
The term is also used as a verb, to describe carbonation , the process of, raising the concentrations of carbonate and bicarbonate ions in water to produce carbonated water and other carbonated beverages - either by the addition carbon dioxide gas under pressure, or by dissolving carbonate or bicarbonate salts into the water. (thefullwiki.org)
Metal carbonates generally decompose on heating, liberating carbon dioxide and leaving behind an oxide of the metal. (thefullwiki.org)
Thus sodium carbonate is basic, sodium bicarbonate is weakly basic, while carbon dioxide itself is a weak acid. (thefullwiki.org)
Carbonate compounds also give off carbon dioxide when treated with dilute acids. (americanelements.com)
When added to an acid, a carbonate will produce carbon dioxide, water and a chemical salt. (wikipedia.org)

Its Coca-Cola brand remained the leader in cola carbonates in 2013, especially in off-trade sales thanks to its year long campaign centred on the theme of sharing. (sbwire.com)
This has already been seen to some extent in non-cola carbonates and cola carbonates seems to be following suit. (euromonitor.com)
In cola carbonates, FEMSA offers three alternatives of reduced sugar Coca-Cola and in 2018 launched a campaign encouraging consumers to alternate between regular and reduced sugar products. (euromonitor.com)
However, FEMSA is the leader by far in cola carbonates, in which most of its marketing activities are focused on Coca-Cola, in both mass media and in-store promotions, leading to a lower price per litre. (euromonitor.com)
Cola Carbonates, Non-Cola Carbonates. (marketpublishers.com)
Many consumers have shifted to other non-cola carbonates and carbonated water, as well as other healthier beverages such as juices and RTD tea. (marketpublishers.com)

Calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 , is one of the most common compounds on Earth , making up about 7% of Earth ' s crust. (encyclopedia.com)
In the current work, eggshell-derived calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) nanoparticles were used to develop enteric drug delivery system in the form of tablets. (hindawi.com)
Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) is the most abundant mineral in nature, which makes it a cheap, inorganic material [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we evaluated the suitability of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) nanoparticle-based tablets for enteric drug delivery systems. (hindawi.com)
The outside layers of the eggshells are composed of 95% CaCO 3 and the rest 5% include calcium phosphate, magnesium carbonate, and soluble and insoluble proteins, yielding the primary benefit of using a biological source of CaCO 3 . (hindawi.com)

In 2019, carbonates continued to recover from its strong volume sales dip in 2017, with growth remaining steady after returning in 2018. (euromonitor.com)
Concerns regarding sugar intake and the threat of taxes being imposed on sugary beverages have been driving reformulation in carbonates, which has been increasingly evident since 2017. (euromonitor.com)
The Paper and Pulp end use segment in the Global Carbonate Minerals Market is estimated to be valued at close to US$ 10 Bn by 2017 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of 5.5% over the forecast period. (mynewsdesk.com)
The Building and Construction segment in the global carbonate minerals market is estimated to be valued at more than US$ 7,500 Mn in 2017 and is projected to expand at a CAGR of 5.9% over the forecast period. (mynewsdesk.com)

9. The granulation process according to claim 1 , wherein said calcium carbonate powder has a median particle size of about 20 μm. (google.com.au)
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the calcium carbonate powder has a packed density of about 1.2 g/cm 3 . (google.com.au)
14. A method of claim 1 , wherein said calcium carbonate powder has a median particle diameter from about 0.1 μm to about 20 μm. (google.com.au)
Our capacity of Calcium Carbonate powder reach up to 250,000 Mt per year with quality comply with ISO 9001:2015. (go.jp)

More particularly, highly compactable calcium carbonate granulations are disclosed. (google.com.au)
More particularly, the present invention relates to highly compactable calcium carbonate granulations for use in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical tableting. (google.com.au)

The Solvay process provides most sodium carbonate for industrial use. (infoplease.com)
By 1900, almost all of the sodium carbonate produced in the world was being made by the Solvay process. (encyclopedia.com)
This resource is part of the 'Sodium carbonate - a versatile material' resources collection, which presents learning material based on the manufacture and uses of sodium carbonate made by the Solvay (ammonia-soda) process. (rsc.org)
It is also formed when sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated (calcined) e.g. in the final step of the Solvay process . (wikipedia.org)

Zinc carbonate, ZnCO 3 (s) - see CLEAPSS Hazcard. (rsc.org)
The relative ease with which the carbonates of some of the less reactive metals are decomposed has been used in the extraction of these metals from ores that contain the metal as a carbonate, for example zinc carbonate (calamine). (rsc.org)

Strontium carbonate (SrCO 3 ) is the carbonate salt of strontium that has the appearance of a white or grey powder. (wikipedia.org)
Strontium carbonate is a white, odorless, tasteless powder. (wikipedia.org)
Other than the natural occurrence as a mineral, strontium carbonate is prepared synthetically in one of two manners. (wikipedia.org)
Nitric acid reacts with strontium carbonate to form strontium nitrate . (wikipedia.org)
Strontium carbonate is used for electronic applications. (wikipedia.org)
Because of its status as a weak Lewis base , strontium carbonate can be used to produce many different strontium compounds by simple use of the corresponding acid. (wikipedia.org)

All forms of magnesium carbonate react with acids . (wikipedia.org)
Being a carbonate , it is a weak base and therefore is reactive with acids. (wikipedia.org)
But the part soluble in acids is distinguished by the great abundance of carbonate of lime. (dictionary.com)
Bases react with acids to form the salts that constitute most carbonates. (reference.com)

clarification needed] Nevertheless, the morphology was distinct from typical terrestrial sedimentary carbonate layers suggesting formation from local aqueous alteration of olivine and other igneous minerals. (wikipedia.org)
However, key implications were that the alteration would have occurred under moderate pH and that the resulting carbonates were not exposed to sustained low pH aqueous conditions even as recently as the Hesperian. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] As of 2012[update], the absence of more extensive carbonate deposits on Mars was thought by some scientists to be due to global dominance of low pH aqueous environments. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces have discovered a new aqueous crystalline structure of calcium carbonate known as calcium carbonate hemihydrate. (mpg.de)

Carbonate of Potash. (chemistrystore.com)

Several hydrated and basic forms of magnesium carbonate also exist as minerals . (wikipedia.org)
All calcium carbonate minerals are conglomerations of various-sized crystals of these two forms, packed together in different ways and containing various impurities. (encyclopedia.com)
Carbonate minerals are a common constituent of lacustrine sediments. (springer.com)
The first successful identification of a strong infrared spectral signature from surficial carbonate minerals of local scale ( (wikipedia.org)
Even though infrared spectra are representative of minerals to less than ≈0.1 mm depths (in contrast to gamma spectra which are sensitive to tens of cm depths), stratigraphic,[clarification needed] morphologic,[clarification needed] and thermal properties are consistent with the existence of the carbonate as outcrop rather than alteration rinds. (wikipedia.org)
The carbonates were found near the clay minerals. (wikipedia.org)
For the first time, scientists have convincingly detected small yet possibly widespread amounts of carbonate minerals in the dust on Mars surface. (geotimes.org)
Carbonate minerals are extremely varied and ubiquitous in chemically-precipitated sedimentary rock . (thefullwiki.org)
Carbonate Minerals Market: Global Industry Analysis and. (mynewsdesk.com)
Among all end use segments, the Paper and Pulp segment is estimated to hold more than 20% value share in the global carbonate minerals market by 2027 end, followed by the Building and Construction segment at around 19% value share. (mynewsdesk.com)
China and India in the APEJ region lead the carbonate minerals market due to steady growth in the building and construction as well as paper and pulp industries, where ground calcium carbonate and precipitated calcium carbonate are used for the production of paper and in agriculture. (mynewsdesk.com)
The Paper and Pulp end use segment holds a greater share in the Western Europe carbonate minerals market, contributing to about 25% share in the regional carbonate minerals market. (mynewsdesk.com)
The broad use of paper in the FMCG sector has enhanced the paper industry, which in turn is benefiting the global carbonate minerals market. (mynewsdesk.com)
China is likely to witness an increase in demand for coatings and paints, which will drive the demand for carbonate minerals in APEJ. (mynewsdesk.com)
Carbonate minerals are widely used in the paint and coating industry. (mynewsdesk.com)
Carbonate minerals in paints and coatings brighten and help to ensure consistency and reliability of the end products. (mynewsdesk.com)
Carbonate minerals in paints and coatings are used to reduce the cost of key expensive components in the formulation. (mynewsdesk.com)
Carbonate minerals are present as 30% by weight in paints and coatings. (mynewsdesk.com)
Carbonate minerals like calcium carbonate are widely used in the construction industry and are critical to the industry as they are used as both building materials and as an ingredient of cement. (mynewsdesk.com)
Carbonate minerals contribute in the making of mortar that is used in bonding concretes, bricks, stones, rubber compounds, stones and tiles. (mynewsdesk.com)
Many manufacturing companies use carbonate minerals for its cleavage properties. (mynewsdesk.com)

Lemonade and orange carbonates each registered rising volume sales over the course of 2019. (euromonitor.com)
Pepsi Taiwan Co ranked fourth in carbonates in Taiwan in 2019 and this represents a relatively poor position for the global player, which is generally ranked either first or second in carbonates in most countries. (euromonitor.com)
Despite Colombians considering price as a key variable for decision making, and more so in an economically stressful environment, the disruptive price strategy of Ajecolombia SA in carbonates is not attracting consumers in large numbers and the company's sales and share continued to decline in 2019. (euromonitor.com)

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), also known colloquially as lime or chalk, is a mineral that has already been thoroughly analysed by chemists. (mpg.de)

Calcium carbonate also occurs combined with magnesium as the mineral dolomite, CaMg (CO 3 ) 2 . (encyclopedia.com)
The upper carbonate aquifer consists of limestone, dolomite, and dolomitic limestone of the Devonian Cedar Valley Limestone and the Ordovician Maquoketa Shale, Dubuque Formation, and Galena Dolomite ( fig. 93 ). (usgs.gov)

First of which is from naturally occurring celestine also known as strontium sulfate (SrSO 4 ) or by using soluble strontium salts by the reaction in solution with a soluble carbonate salt (usually sodium or ammonium carbonates). (wikipedia.org)
This reaction is important in the erosion of carbonate rocks, forming caverns, and leads to hard water in many regions. (answers.com)
I am having a hard time find out what (salt) will appear as a product, in an acid-carbonate reaction. (physicsforums.com)
In recent years, to solve problems such as the slow reaction rate of bicarbonate formation and high energy consumption during regeneration, researchers have extensively investigated various composites containing alkali metal carbonates [ 5 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, the reaction does have some utility on an industrial scale, as sodium carbonate can be used to help remove excess HCl from a solution. (livestrong.com)
What is the reaction of calcium carbonate and water. (physicsforums.com)
Equilibrium of this reaction is shifted far to the solid calcium carbonate side. (physicsforums.com)
I think you mean the first reaction as you mention dissolution but why does it matter how much CO2 is in the air when the calcium carbonate is in the water? (physicsforums.com)
I have referred to the equilibrium lying far on the side with solid calcium carbonate, just to make the reaction irrelevant - note, that they are identical, just reversed. (physicsforums.com)

Lithium Carbonate (LiCO 3 ) is a compound often used in psychiatric medicine for the treatment of Bipolar Personality Disorder (aka manic depression ). (everything2.com)
What is known is that Lithium Carbonate reduces the action of Norepinephrine and Serotonin in the brain, and inhibits the production of Cyclic AMP . (everything2.com)
Side effects of Lithium Carbonate include fatigue, thirst, polyuria , and characteristic hand tremors . (everything2.com)
Lithium Carbonate is a white, light, alkaline powder with molecular formula Li 2 CO 3 and molecular weight 73.89. (nih.gov)
Each capsule for oral administration contains 150 mg or 300 mg of lithium carbonate. (nih.gov)
Lithium carbonate is indicated in the treatment of manic episodes of manic-depressive illness. (healthyplace.com)
When given to a patient experiencing a manic episode, lithium carbonate may produce a normalization of symptomatology within 1 to 3 weeks. (healthyplace.com)
Victims of motor neurone disease (MND) will find hope from British research which has found that lithium carbonate, a cheap off-patent drug, may offer a treatment for the disease. (news-medical.net)
The team at King's College London have recently conducted laboratory tests and animal trials with lithium carbonate and they suggest that it may have a protective effect with MND. (news-medical.net)
The new trial will be partly funded by the Department of Health and will begin next year and involve 220 patients with the aim of discovering whether safe doses of lithium carbonate really can benefit people with MND and help them live longer. (news-medical.net)
The director of the MND Care and Research Centre at King's College London, Professor Nigel Leigh, says patients are asking him every day whether they should be trying lithium carbonate, but that only a "tiny minority" are taking it, which is a surprise. (news-medical.net)
Professor Leigh says the only ethical approach is to do a full clinical trial, where people are randomised "blind", so neither they nor the researchers know if they are taking lithium carbonate or a dummy pill. (news-medical.net)
Professor Leigh says that GPs and patients with MND should wait for the results before taking lithium carbonate, as safety is paramount. (news-medical.net)
Because lithium carbonate is cheap, costing just 2.4p per 200 milligram tablet, a positive outcome from the study is likely to result in most MND patients being offered it. (news-medical.net)

Exceptions include sodium , potassium and ammonium carbonates, as well as many uranium carbonates . (thefullwiki.org)

Total volume sales of carbonates are expected to post a CAGR of 6% in terms of constant 2013 prices over the forecast period. (sbwire.com)
Sales of carbonates through consumer foodservice operators are registering low growth, as the range of healthier alternatives for consumers is widening. (euromonitor.com)

The principal uses of sodium carbonate are in the manufacture of glass and the production of chemicals. (infoplease.com)

Consequently, thanks to rising health consciousness, customers reduced their consumption of carbonates in 2016. (marketpublishers.com)

Because seaweed ashes were an early source of sodium carbonate, it is often called soda ash or, simply, soda. (infoplease.com)
Seaweed ashes were an early source of sodium carbonate, which gave it the name soda ash. (fsu.edu)

Earth has vast carbonate deposits in the form of limestone. (wikipedia.org)
The calcium carbonate in our toothpaste is quarried from limestone in the North East United States and purified to meet the requirements of the product in which it is used. (tomsofmaine.com)
Precipitated calcium carbonate undergoes an additional process in which the limestone is further purified. (tomsofmaine.com)
Limestone is an example of a carbonate. (windows2universe.org)

Sodium carbonate decahydrate, Na 2 CO 3 ·10H 2 O, is a colorless, transparent crystalline compound commonly called sal soda or washing soda. (infoplease.com)
The anhydrous form of sodium carbonate is commonly known as soda ash, while the decahydrate is often called sal soda or washing soda. (encyclopedia.com)
Sodium carbonate (known as washing soda or soda ash) is a chemical found in many household and industrial products. (medlineplus.gov)
You can carbonate a variety of different beverages including water, juice, tonic, and homemade soda. (wikihow.com)
Sodium carbonate, or washing soda, is a natural disinfectant. (ehow.com)
The chemical name for washing soda, also called sodium carbonate, is Na2CO3. (reference.com)
Another name for sodium carbonate is soda ash, which also has a pH of 11.6. (reference.com)
Sodium carbonate , Na 2 C O 3 , (also known as washing soda , soda ash and soda crystals ) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na 2 CO 3 and its various hydrates. (wikipedia.org)
anhydrous sodium carbonate, also known as calcined soda, is formed by heating the hydrates. (wikipedia.org)
Sodium carbonate is more commonly known as washing soda. (livestrong.com)
Sodium Carbonate or Soda Ash is an antacid and absorbs water from the air. (chemistrystore.com)

Natron is a combination of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate . (encyclopedia.com)
Simply heating the sodium bicarbonate converts the bicarbonate to the carbonate. (encyclopedia.com)
On the other hand, fluoride, bromide, and sulfate were detected within 20 minutes under the optimal anionic IC conditions using a Shodex IC SI-35 4E as a separation column and 3.0 mM sodium carbonate /2.0 mM sodium bicarbonate mixture solutions as the eluent. (nii.ac.jp)
In strongly basic conditions, the carbonate ion predominates, while in weakly basic conditions, the bicarbonate ion is prevalent. (thefullwiki.org)

The resulting calcium carbonate is insoluble in water and sinks to the bottom. (encyclopedia.com)
Most carbonate salts are insoluble in water at standard temperature and pressure , with solubility constants of less than 1×10 −8 . (thefullwiki.org)

Magnesium carbonate is ordinarily obtained by mining the mineral magnesite . (wikipedia.org)
sodium carbonate heptahydrate (not known in mineral form), Na 2 CO 3 ·7H 2 O. (wikipedia.org)
The principal carbonate mineral used in paper making is calcium carbonate, which is either used as a filler or as a coating on paper. (mynewsdesk.com)

Additionally, there is significant import substitution potential for steric coated grades of Ground Calcium Carbonate (GCC) and Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) in masterbatches and PVC applications. (frost.com)

Sodium carbonate has the chemical formula Na2CO3. (livestrong.com)
Serine carbonates of formula I are precursors for organoleptic compounds, masking agents and antimicrobial agents. (patentgenius.com)

The most common magnesium carbonate forms are the anhydrous salt called magnesite (MgCO 3 ) and the di, tri, and pentahydrates known as barringtonite (MgCO 3 ·2 H 2 O), nesquehonite (MgCO 3 ·3 H 2 O), and lansfordite (MgCO 3 ·5 H 2 O), respectively. (wikipedia.org)

Because of the toxicity of lead compounds, it may be best to leave lead carbonate out with less reliable classes. (rsc.org)
It is important not to inhale dust of lead carbonate or the oxide formed. (rsc.org)
It is also important to ensure that students wash their hands after using lead carbonate, and to ensure that dust is not raised when this solid is being used. (rsc.org)

At an elementary level, the relative thermal stability of the carbonates of the metals cannot easily be explained in terms of simple ideas of bonding in these compounds. (rsc.org)
A simple relationship between the reactivity of the metal and the stability of its compounds, such as the carbonate here, will have to suffice. (rsc.org)
Sodium carbonate has long been one of the most important chemical compounds produced in the United States . (encyclopedia.com)
Holmium Carbonate is a water insoluble Holmium source that can easily be converted to other Holmium compounds, such as the oxide by heating (calcination). (americanelements.com)
The present invention relates to serinecarbonates and the use of serine carbonates as precursors for (a) organoleptic compounds, especially for fragrances, flavors and/or (b) masking agents, and/or (c) antimicrobial compounds and/or (d) alternative substrates for malodor producing enzymes. (patentgenius.com)

The great variability with respect to geological setting, climatic environment, water chemistry, and biological activity limits generalizations about mechanisms of carbonate sedimentation. (springer.com)
In order to understand the global CO2 cycle, it is important to be able to infer past ocean chemistry from the sedimentary carbonate record. (columbia.edu)
We attribute large excursions in lysocline depth to changes in carbonate chemistry and/or productivity fluxes. (columbia.edu)
But chemistry books, in which it is listed as occurring in five different crystal structures, now need to be augmented, because researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam have stumbled upon another calcium carbonate structure in laboratory experiments. (mpg.de)

It has some properties similar to barium carbonate . (wikipedia.org)
Institution of a five-year review concerning the antidumping duty order on barium carbonate from China. (federalregister.gov)
The Commission hereby gives notice that it has instituted a review pursuant to section 751(c) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1675 (c)) (the Act) to determine whether revocation of the antidumping duty order on barium carbonate from China would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of material injury. (federalregister.gov)
On October 1, 2003, the Department of Commerce issued an antidumping duty order on imports of barium carbonate from China ( 68 FR 56619 ). (federalregister.gov)

b) recovering the dimethyl carbonate product. (google.com)
More particularly it relates to ligands for the preparation of dimethyl carbonate (DMC). (google.com)

The first breakthrough in that search occurred in 1791 when French chemist Nicolas Leblanc (1742-1806) invented a method for making sodium carbonate that became the industry standard for nearly a century. (encyclopedia.com)

Jafora markets the RC cola carbonate, which is priced lower than Coca-Cola and is well known among consumers for its refreshing taste. (sbwire.com)
Domestic players with local brands remain very strong in carbonates in Taiwan, with local name Hey-Song Corp for instance the only company currently capable of presenting a credible challenge to category leader Swire Coca-Cola. (euromonitor.com)
Companies, including Coca-Cola and Pepsi, have spent heavily on advertisements and marketing campaigns for brands across all categories, particularly lime carbonates, which is one of the reasons why brands, such as Sprite, 7-Up and Limca, were among the fastest-growing in 2012. (mynewsdesk.com)
Coca-Cola continued to be the leading player in carbonates in 2012, accounting for 60% of total value sales. (mynewsdesk.com)

sodium carbonate, chemical compound, Na 2 CO 3 , soluble in water and very slightly soluble in alcohol. (infoplease.com)
Pure sodium carbonate is a white, odorless powder that absorbs moisture from the air, has an alkaline taste, and forms a strongly alkaline water solution. (infoplease.com)
Brine is water that is saturated with salts, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride , and sodium carbonate. (encyclopedia.com)
Two distinctly different geological settings can be recognized: (1) carbonate and evaporite deposition in brine lakes or on playas in arid regions (see Chap. 8, this volume), and (2) carbonate sedimentation in fresh- and brackish-water lakes in humid regions. (springer.com)
1974). Dissolution kinetics of calcium carbonate in sea water: IV. (springer.com)
After Spirit Rover stopped working scientists studied old data from the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer, or Mini-TES and confirmed the presence of large amounts of carbonate-rich rocks, which means that regions of the planet may have once harbored water. (wikipedia.org)
These kind of carbonates only form when there is a lot of water. (wikipedia.org)
Huygens Crater - circle shows location of carbonate deposit - representing a time when Mars had abundant liquid water on its surface (Scale bar = 259 km). (wikipedia.org)
Regional ground-water flow in the upper carbonate aquifer generally is outward toward the periphery of the aquifer. (usgs.gov)
Water in the upper carbonate aquifer is a mixed ion type. (usgs.gov)
Fresh ground-water withdrawals from the upper carbonate aquifer in southeastern Minnesota totaled 20 million gallons per day during 1985 ( fig. 96 ). (usgs.gov)
It is not very stable, water decomposing it into alcohol and the alkaline carbonate. (wikisource.org)
As well as carbonates, Colombians can choose from bottled water, premium RTD teas or freshly prepared products such as lemonade, juices or smoothies, and therefore be more mindful with their consumption amid rising health-awareness. (euromonitor.com)
Sodium carbonate is used domestically as a water softener used in laundering. (reference.com)
and drying the resultant mixture in a fluidized bed to a water content of less than about 1% by weight, thereby resulting in a calcium carbonate granulation that is highly compactable and has a tap density between about 0.9 g/cm 3 and about 2.0 g/cm 3 . (google.com.au)
Earth s carbonates tend to be made of microscopic life-forms with calcium carbonate shells, formed in the presence of liquid water. (geotimes.org)
To support the geomorphological evidence of Mars seemingly water-carved surface features, carbonates are expected to be ubiquitous on Mars, says Diana Blaney, a planetary scientist at the Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena, Calif. She says that the team s spectral analysis is convincing, but that such a thick layer of carbonate-containing rocks at depth is much more than [what is] probably geologically reasonable. (geotimes.org)
On a household level, however, sodium carbonate has everyday utility as a water softener. (livestrong.com)
Sodium carbonate added to water helps to remove magnesium and calcium ions, and increases detergent efficiency. (livestrong.com)
why does it matter how much CO2 is in the air when the calcium carbonate is in the water? (physicsforums.com)
No milky white, unless you use powdered carbonate and mix it with water. (physicsforums.com)
In this case a carbonate rich gravel is highly prized since it will buffer the water at the desired alkaline pH. (actwin.com)
These showed that - as is the case with two other calcium carbonate phases - the substance is a crystal lattice that also includes water molecules in addition to calcium and carbonate ions in a ratio of 0.5 water molecule to 1 calcium carbonate unit. (mpg.de)

Calcichew tablets contain 500mg calcium carbonate as the active ingredient. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Adcal chewable tablets contain calcium carbonate 1500mg as the active ingredient. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Calcium carbonate is an ingredient we've been using in our toothpaste since 1975. (tomsofmaine.com)

When you mix sodium carbonate and HCl, two molecules of HCl give their hydrogen atoms to the sodium carbonate. (livestrong.com)

Though ubiquitous, a 2003 study of carbonates on Mars showed that they are dominated by Magnesite (MgCO3) in Martian dust, had mass fractions less than 5%, and could have formed under current atmospheric conditions. (wikipedia.org)
They found that the spectra best matched a type of carbonate containing magnesium, known as magnesite. (geotimes.org)

6. The granulation process according to claim 5 , wherein the granulation comprises more than 90% calcium carbonate by weight and between about 2% and about 5% maltodextrin by weight. (google.com.au)
11. A method of claim 10 , wherein said granulation comprises more than 90% by weight calcium carbonate and between about 2% and about 5% maltodextrin by weight. (google.com.au)

Even the least soluble carbonate, siderite (FeCO3), precipitates only at a pH greater than 5. (wikipedia.org)

sodium carbonate decahydrate ( natron ), Na 2 CO 3 ·10H 2 O, which readily effloresces to form the monohydrate. (wikipedia.org)

The milliliters of 0.125 M sodium carbonate solution which would be required to precipitate all the calcium ions in a given solution are to be calculated. (bartleby.com)

BPPV occurswhen calcium carbonate crystals (otoconia) in the utricle dislodge and migrate into the semicircular canals. (nii.ac.jp)

Over the centuries, sodium carbonate was also produced by the combustion of organic matter , especially seaweed. (encyclopedia.com)
This invention relates to the preparation of organic carbonates. (google.com)
Describes polymerizable organic compositions of a major amount of a first monomer component which is a polyol(allyl carbonate), e.g., diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate), and from about 2 to 35 weight percent of a second monomer component which is an alkoxylated bisphenol (or hydrogenated bisphenol). (google.com)

Calcium carbonate decomposes to calcium oxide in the heat of the furnace, and the calcium oxide reacts with the silica to form calcium silicates (slag), which float on the molten iron and can be skimmed off. (encyclopedia.com)
HCl, or hydrochloric acid, is a strong acid that reacts with sodium carbonate. (livestrong.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms2

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs30

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes14

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Health Care3

Geographicals1

European interlaboratory comparison of breath 13CO2 analysis. (1/522)

Direct EPR detection of the carbonate radical anion produced from peroxynitrite and carbon dioxide. (2/522)

Islet cell membrane antigens activate diabetogenic CD4+ T-cells in the BB/Wor rat. (3/522)

A 60 kDa plasma membrane protein changes its localization to autophagosome and autolysosome membranes during induction of autophagy in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells. (4/522)

Degradation of polycarbonate by a polyester-degrading strain, Amycolatopsis sp. strain HT-6. (5/522)

T-1095, an inhibitor of renal Na+-glucose cotransporters, may provide a novel approach to treating diabetes. (6/522)

The age of the carbonates in martian meteorite ALH84001. (7/522)

Antibodies against pex14p block ATP-independent binding of matrix proteins to peroxisomes in vitro. (8/522)

Carbonates

Calcium Carbonate

Lithium Carbonate

Apatites

Lanthanum

Hyperphosphatemia

Meteoroids

Mars

Animal Shells

Calcification, Physiologic

Phosphorus

Minerals

Polyamines

Phosphates

Antacids

Anthozoa

Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders

Geologic Sediments

Seawater

Aluminum Hydroxide

Exobiology

Calcium Citrate

Calcium Compounds

Silicates

Coral Reefs

Atmosphere

Calcium Phosphates

Geology

Oceans and Seas

Chemical Precipitation

Allyl Compounds

Sculpture

Egg Shell

Bone Substitutes

Pinctada

Bicarbonates

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Lithium

Oxygen Isotopes

Carbon Dioxide

Tablets

Sodium Bicarbonate

Chelating Agents

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Calcium Sulfate

Palladium

Extraterrestrial Environment

Parathyroid Hormone

Calcium, Dietary

Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Iridium

Evolution, Planetary

Crystallization

Calcium

Carbon Cycle

European interlaboratory comparison of breath 13CO2 analysis. (1/522)

Direct EPR detection of the carbonate radical anion produced from peroxynitrite and carbon dioxide. (2/522)

Islet cell membrane antigens activate diabetogenic CD4+ T-cells in the BB/Wor rat. (3/522)

A 60 kDa plasma membrane protein changes its localization to autophagosome and autolysosome membranes during induction of autophagy in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells. (4/522)

Degradation of polycarbonate by a polyester-degrading strain, Amycolatopsis sp. strain HT-6. (5/522)

T-1095, an inhibitor of renal Na+-glucose cotransporters, may provide a novel approach to treating diabetes. (6/522)

The age of the carbonates in martian meteorite ALH84001. (7/522)

Antibodies against pex14p block ATP-independent binding of matrix proteins to peroxisomes in vitro. (8/522)

sodium carbonate and sulfuric acid

Wholesale Sodium Carbonate Container, China Wholesale Sodium Carbonate Container Manufacturers & Suppliers | Made-in-China.com

uses of sodium carbonate - uses of sodium carbonate online Wholesalers

Wholesale Sodium Carbonate Powder, China Wholesale Sodium Carbonate Powder Manufacturers & Suppliers | Made-in-China.com

Sodium carbonate - Wikipedia

difference between sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate in pools

NANOPARTICLE GEL SYSTEMS FOR TREATING CARBONATE FORMATIONS - HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES, INC.

Ingredients -- Sodium carbonate peroxide

Molecular speciation and mesoscale clustering in formaldehyde-methanol- water solutions in the presence of sodium carbonate<...

SODIUM CARBONATE, MONOHYDRATE 5968-11-6 H-NMR | C-NMR Spectral Analysis NMR Spectrum

Sodium carbonate waterless | Buy sodium carbonate waterless B2B B2C marketplace ► India Allbiz

Sodium Carbonate manufacturers,factory,suppliers,Wholesale | YuanXing

Sodium Carbonate Anhydrous - Sodium Carbonate Anhydrous AR Manufacturer from Vadodara

Buy Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Carbonate Suppliers, Manufacturers, Traders

Research delivers insight into the Global Sodium Percarbonate Industry Report 2015: Reportstack

difference between sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate in pools

What is anhydrous sodium carbonate? | Reference.com