Carbonates. Medical search

Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.

A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.

A group of phosphate minerals that includes ten mineral species and has the general formula X5(YO4)3Z, where X is usually calcium or lead, Y is phosphorus or arsenic, and Z is chlorine, fluorine, or OH-. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Lanthanum. The prototypical element in the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol La, atomic number 57, and atomic weight 138.91. Lanthanide ion is used in experimental biology as a calcium antagonist; lanthanum oxide improves the optical properties of glass.

A condition of abnormally high level of PHOSPHATES in the blood, usually significantly above the normal range of 0.84-1.58 mmol per liter of serum.

Any solid objects moving in interplanetary space that are smaller than a planet or asteroid but larger than a molecule. Meteorites are any meteoroid that has fallen to a planetary surface. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The fourth planet in order from the sun. Its two natural satellites are Deimos and Phobos. It is one of the four inner or terrestrial planets of the solar system.

The hard rigid covering of animals including MOLLUSCS; TURTLES; INSECTS; and crustaceans.

Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.

A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.

Native, inorganic or fossilized organic substances having a definite chemical composition and formed by inorganic reactions. They may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other mineral or rock. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

Substances that counteract or neutralize acidity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

A class in the phylum CNIDARIA, comprised mostly of corals and anemones. All members occur only as polyps; the medusa stage is completely absent.

Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.

A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)

The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.

A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.

The interdisciplinary science that studies evolutionary biology, including the origin and evolution of the major elements required for life, their processing in the interstellar medium and in protostellar systems. This field also includes the study of chemical evolution and the subsequent interactions between evolving biota and planetary evolution as well as the field of biology that deals with the study of extraterrestrial life.

A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Inorganic compounds that contain calcium as an integral part of the molecule.

The generic term for salts derived from silica or the silicic acids. They contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals, and may contain hydrogen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th Ed)

Marine ridges composed of living CORALS, coral skeletons, calcareous algae, and other organisms, mixed with minerals and organic matter. They are found most commonly in tropical waters and support other animal and plant life.

The gaseous envelope surrounding a planet or similar body. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.

The science of the earth and other celestial bodies and their history as recorded in the rocks. It includes the study of geologic processes of an area such as rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic).

The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

A hard or leathery calciferous exterior covering of an egg.

Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue.

A genus of pearl oysters in the family Pteriidae, class BIVALVIA. Both cultured and natural pearls are obtained from species in the genus. They are distinct from the distantly related, edible true oysters of the family OSTREIDAE.

Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.

Stable oxygen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element oxygen, but differ in atomic weight. O-17 and 18 are stable oxygen isotopes.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Solid dosage forms, of varying weight, size, and shape, which may be molded or compressed, and which contain a medicinal substance in pure or diluted form. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.

Chemicals that bind to and remove ions from solutions. Many chelating agents function through the formation of COORDINATION COMPLEXES with METALS.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.

A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.

The environment outside the earth or its atmosphere. The environment may refer to a closed cabin (such as a space shuttle or space station) or to space itself, the moon, or other planets.

A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.

Calcium compounds used as food supplements or in food to supply the body with calcium. Dietary calcium is needed during growth for bone development and for maintenance of skeletal integrity later in life to prevent osteoporosis.

A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.

A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.

Creation and development of bodies within solar systems, includes study of early planetary geology.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The cycle by which the element carbon is exchanged between organic matter and the earth's physical environment.

European interlaboratory comparison of breath 13CO2 analysis. (1/522)

The BIOMED I programme Stable Isotopes in Gastroenterology and Nutrition (SIGN) has focused upon evaluation and standardisation of stable isotope breath tests using 13C labelled substrates. The programme dealt with comparison of 13C substrates, test meals, test conditions, analysis techniques, and calculation procedures. Analytical techniques applied for 13CO2 analysis were evaluated by taking an inventory of instrumentation, calibration protocols, and analysis procedures. Two ring tests were initiated measuring 13C abundances of carbonate materials. Evaluating the data it was found that seven different models of isotope ratio mass spectrometers (IRMS) were used by the participants applying both the dual inlet system and the continuous flow configuration. Eight different brands of certified 13C reference materials were used with a 13C abundance varying from delta 13CPDB -37.2 to +2.0/1000. CO2 was liberated from certified material by three techniques and different working standards were used varying from -47.4 to +0.4/1000 in their delta 13CPDB value. The standard deviations (SDs) found for all measurements by all participants were 0.25/1000 and 0.50/1000 for two carbonates used in the ring tests. The individual variation for the single participants varied from 0.02 /1000 (dual inlet system) to 0.14/1000 (continuous flow system). The measurement of the difference between two carbonates showed a SD of 0.33/1000 calculated for all participants. Internal precision of IRMS as indicated by the specifications of the different instrument suppliers is < 0.3/1000 for continuous flow systems. In this respect it can be concluded that all participants are working well within the instrument specifications even including sample preparation. Increased overall interlaboratory variation is therefore likely to be due to non-instrumental conditions. It is possible that consistent differences in sample handling leading to isotope fractionation are the causes for interlaboratory variation. Breath analysis does not require sample preparation. As such, interlaboratory variation will be less than observed for the carbonate samples and within the range indicated as internal precision for continuous flow instruments. From this it is concluded that pure analytical interlaboratory variation is acceptable despite the many differences in instrumentation and analytical protocols. Coordinated metabolic studies appear possible, in which different European laboratories perform 13CO2 analysis. Evaluation of compatibility of the analytical systems remains advisable, however. (+info)

Direct EPR detection of the carbonate radical anion produced from peroxynitrite and carbon dioxide. (2/522)

The biological effects of peroxynitrite have been recently considered to be largely dependent on its reaction with carbon dioxide, which is present in high concentrations in intra- and extracellular compartments. Peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-) reacts rapidly with carbon dioxide, forming an adduct, nitrosoperoxocarboxylate (ONOOCO2-), whose decomposition has been proposed to produce reactive intermediates such as the carbonate radical (CO-3). Here, by the use of rapid mixing continuous flow electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), we directly detected the carbonate radical in flow mixtures of peroxynitrite with bicarbonate-carbon dioxide over the pH range of 6-9. The radical was unambiguously identified by its EPR parameters (g = 2.0113; line width = 5.5 G) and by experiments with bicarbonate labeled with 13C. In this case, the singlet EPR signal obtained with 12C bicarbonate splits into the expected doublet because of 13C (a(13C)= 11.7 G). The singlet spectrum of the unlabeled radical was invariant between pH 6 and 9, confirming that in this pH range the detected radical is the carbonate radical anion (CO-3). Importantly, in addition to contributing to the understanding of nitrosoperoxocarboxylate decomposition pathways, this is the first report unambiguously demonstrating the formation of the carbonate radical anion at physiological pHs by direct EPR spectroscopy. (+info)

Islet cell membrane antigens activate diabetogenic CD4+ T-cells in the BB/Wor rat. (3/522)

Type 1 diabetes is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-associated autoimmune disease mediated by beta-cell-specific T-cells and characterized by circulating autoantibodies to beta-cell molecules. In the BB/Wor diabetes-prone (DP) rat, type 1 diabetes develops spontaneously with an incidence of >90%. BB diabetes can be adoptively transferred to naive syngeneic or MHC class II-compatible rats with islet cell-activated T-cell lines derived from diabetic BB/Wor rats. However, the target beta-cell autoantigen(s) in BB diabetes has not yet been defined. BB rat T-cell lines activated in vitro with antigen-presenting cells (APC) and BB islet cell crude membranes (CM), but not islet cell cytosol, adoptively transfer diabetes into young DP recipients. To determine if the target autoantigen is an integral or peripheral membrane protein, islet cell CM were treated with 0.5 mol/l KCl or 0.2 mol/l Na2CO3 (pH 11). Both treatments selectively extract peripheral proteins from the cell membrane without affecting the disposition of integral (transmembrane) proteins. T-cell lines activated in vitro with APC and 0.5 mol/l KCl, or pH 11 (0.2 mol/l Na2CO3)-treated islet cell CM, transferred diabetes into young DP rats. Conversely, T-cell lines activated in vitro with APC and the supernatant of 0.5 mol/l KCl-treated CM (containing extracted peripheral proteins), did not adoptively transfer diabetes. After activation in vitro with islet cell membrane antigens, the diabetes-inducing cell lines were comprised of both CD4+ CD8- T-cells and 10-30% B-cells. We conclude that a major CD4+ T-cell target autoantigen in BB diabetes is a membrane-associated beta-cell molecule with the characteristics of an integral beta-cell membrane protein. The identification of this MHC class II-restricted beta-cell target molecule will allow the design of antigen-specific intervention protocols to prevent the onset of type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible individuals. (+info)

A 60 kDa plasma membrane protein changes its localization to autophagosome and autolysosome membranes during induction of autophagy in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells. (4/522)

We previously reported the preparation and characterization of an antibody against membrane fraction of autolysosomes from rat liver (J. Histochem. Cytochem. 38, 1571-1581, 1990). Immunoblot analyses of total membrane fraction of a rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells by this antibody suggested that H-4-II-E cells expressed several autolysosomal proteins, including a protein with apparent molecular weight of 60 kDa. It was suggested that this 60 kDa protein was a peripheral membrane protein, because it was eluted from the membrane by sodium carbonate treatment. We prepared an antibody against this 60 kDa protein by affinity purification method, and examined its behavior during induction of autophagy. Autophagy was induced by transferring the cells from Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) containing 12% fetal calf serum into Hanks' balance salt solution. In DMEM, the 60 kDa protein showed diffused immunofluorescence pattern, and immunoelectron microscopy suggested that this protein was located on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane. After inducing autophagy, the immunofluorescence configuration of the 60 kDa protein changed from the diffused pattern to a granulous one. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the 60 kDa protein was localized on the luminal side of the limiting membrane of autolysosomes and endosomes. In the presence of bafilomycin A1 which prevents fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes, the 60 kDa protein was localized on the limiting membrane of the autophagosomes and endosomes. These results suggest that the 60 kDa protein is transported from the plasma membrane to the autophagosome membrane through the endosomes. (+info)

Degradation of polycarbonate by a polyester-degrading strain, Amycolatopsis sp. strain HT-6. (5/522)

Amycolatopsis sp. strain HT-6, a poly(tetramethylene succinate) (PTMS)-degrading actinomycete, was observed to degrade poly(tetramethylene carbonate) (PTMC). In a liquid culture with 150 mg of PTMC film, 59% degradation was achieved, but with a low yield of cell growth. On the other hand, PTMS copolymerized with a small amount of PTMC, forming a copolyester carbonate (PEC) that was completely and rapidly degraded with a high yield of cell growth. (+info)

T-1095, an inhibitor of renal Na+-glucose cotransporters, may provide a novel approach to treating diabetes. (6/522)

T-1095A and T-1095 are synthetic agents derived from phlorizin, a specific inhibitor of Na+-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs). Unlike phlorizin, T-1095 is absorbed into the circulation via oral administration, is metabolized to the active form, T-1095A, and suppresses the activity of SGLTs in the kidney. Orally administered T-1095 increases urinary glucose excretion in diabetic animals, thereby decreasing blood glucose levels. Indeed, the postprandial hyperglycemia after a meal load was shown to be suppressed by this compound in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. With long-term T-1095 treatment, both blood glucose and HbA1c levels were reduced in STZ-induced diabetic rats and yellow KK mice. In addition, there was amelioration of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, i.e., hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and of the development of microalbuminuria, in yellow KK mice. Thus, T-1095 may be a useful antidiabetic drug, providing a novel therapeutic approach for diabetes. (+info)

The age of the carbonates in martian meteorite ALH84001. (7/522)

The age of secondary carbonate mineralization in the martian meteorite ALH84001 was determined to be 3.90 +/- 0.04 billion years by rubidium-strontium (Rb-Sr) dating and 4.04 +/- 0.10 billion years by lead-lead (Pb-Pb) dating. The Rb-Sr and Pb-Pb isochrons are defined by leachates of a mixture of high-graded carbonate (visually estimated as approximately 5 percent), whitlockite (trace), and orthopyroxene (approximately 95 percent). The carbonate formation age is contemporaneous with a period in martian history when the surface is thought to have had flowing water, but also was undergoing heavy bombardment by meteorites. Therefore, this age does not distinguish between aqueous and impact origins for the carbonates. (+info)

Antibodies against pex14p block ATP-independent binding of matrix proteins to peroxisomes in vitro. (8/522)

The membrane protein Pex14p is a key component of the protein import machinery of peroxisomes. Antibodies raised against human Pex14p recognise a 66 kDa protein in sunflower glyoxysomes (HaPex14p) and immunoprecipitate in vitro-translated Arabidopsis Pex14p (AtPex14p). These antibodies inhibit the ATP-independent binding to sunflower peroxisome membranes of peroxisome targeting signal type (PTS) 1- and PTS2-targeted matrix proteins, but not an integral membrane protein. These results suggest that Pex14p functions before the ATP-dependent step of peroxisome assembly. (+info)

At some places white, water-bearing carbonates and sulfates are incorporated. The main characteristic of CI chondrites is the ... carbonates. sulfates. Carbonaceous minerals include: graphite. diamond (microscopic). amino acids. polycyclic aromatic ... CI chondrite mineralogy is dominated by a fine-grained phyllosilicate matrix, hosting carbonates, sulfates, sulfides, and ... Besides inorganic carbon compounds like graphite, diamond and carbonates, organic carbon compounds are represented. For ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CI_chondrite

Carbonates Evaporites. 25(4):297-302 Blakey, Ron and Wayne Ranney, Ancient Landscapes of the Colorado Plateau, Grand Canyon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redwall_Limestone

"Upper cretaceous carbonate reservoirs of the Raman Field, Southeast Turkey". Carbonates and Evaporites. 1: 25-43. doi:10.1007/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_oil_field

Hermosilla, Rodolfo G. (2011-11-15). "The Guatemala City sinkhole collapses". Carbonates and Evaporites. 27 (2): 103-107. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Guatemala_City_sinkhole

"Upper cretaceous carbonate reservoirs of the Raman Field, Southeast Turkey". Carbonates and Evaporites. 1 (1): 25. doi:10.1007/ ... The age of the Garzan formation is cretaceous, consisting of carbonates of a rudist build-up complex. Oil field contains 24 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garzan_oil_field

Carbonates and Evaporites. Springerlink. 8 (1): 50-54. doi:10.1007/BF03175162. Archived from the original on 2012-03-12. George ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_V._Chilingar

Carbonate dissolution affects rocks containing calcium carbonate, such as limestone and chalk. This takes place when rain ... carbonic acid + calcium carbonate → calcium bicarbonate. Carbonate dissolution on the surface of well-jointed limestone ... Carbonate dissolution reaction involves the following steps: CO2 + H2O → H2CO3. carbon dioxide + water → carbonic acid. H2CO3 ... Hydrolysis of silicates and carbonates[edit]. Hydrolysis is a chemical weathering process that may affect silicate and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering

Calcium carbonate[edit]. Carbon is also biologically fixed in the form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) used as a protective ... Some plankton, (e.g. coccolithophores and foraminifera) combine calcium (Ca) and dissolved carbonates (carbonic acid and ... as well as the cycling of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed into shells by certain organisms such as plankton and mollusks ( ... it is formed from dissolved forms of carbonate which are in equilibrium with CO2 and then responsible for removing this carbon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pump

... is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The Mohs scale of mineral hardness, ... Calcite, like most carbonates, will dissolve with most forms of acid. Calcite can be either dissolved by groundwater or ... On a landscape scale, continued dissolution of calcium carbonate-rich rocks can lead to the expansion and eventual collapse of ... Lineages evolved to use whichever morph of calcium carbonate was favourable in the ocean at the time they became mineralised, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcite

2003). "Paynite". Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF). V (Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates). Chantilly, VA, US: Mineralogical Society of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painite

A calcite sea is one in which low-magnesium calcite is the primary inorganic marine calcium carbonate precipitate. An aragonite ... This may also have an effect on which polymorph of calcium carbonate is precipitated (Lowenstein et al., 2001). Further, high ... Stanley, S.M.; Hardie, L.A. (1998). "Secular oscillations in the carbonate mineralogy of reef-building and sediment-producing ... 2.0.CO;2. Wilkinson, B.H.; Given, K.R. (1986). "Secular variation in abiotic marine carbonates: constraints on Phanerozoic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcite_sea

... is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral, with the formula Cu2CO3(OH)2. This opaque, green banded mineral crystallizes ... 2003). "Malachite". Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF). V (Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates). Chantilly, VA, US: Mineralogical Society ... the source of the carbonate. Large quantities of malachite have been mined in the Urals, Russia. Ural malachite is not being ... Basic copper carbonate Aventurine Azurite Brochantite Chrysocolla Dioptase Plancheite List of inorganic pigments ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malachite

Anderson, A.J.; Lehman, A.; Mackenzie, F.T. (2005). "Coastal Ocean and Carbonate Systems in the High CO2 World of the ... Two of his assignments at the time involved studies of the stratigraphy and structure of Ordovician carbonates in the ... Anderson, J.; Mackenzie, F.T.; Morse, J.W. (2006). "Initial Responses of Carbonate-rich Shelf Sediments to Rising Atmospheric ... Reyes-Nivea, C. "Interactive comment on Relative roles of endolithic algae and carbonate chemistry variability in the skeletal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_T._Mackenzie

"Nandrolone 17β-carbonates." U.S. Patent No. 7,820,642. 26 Oct. 2010.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethandrolone

Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonates. 48. Elsevier. pp. 447-510. Laws, Edward A.; Falkowski, Paul G.; Smith, Walker O.; ... Carbon dioxide is released during the metamorphosis of carbonate rocks when they are subducted into the earth's mantle. This ... Carbon enters the ocean mainly through the dissolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is converted into carbonate. It can ... The projected rate of increasing oceanic acidity could slow the biological precipitation of calcium carbonates, thus decreasing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle

The iron minerals comprising ironstones can consist either of oxides, i.e. limonite, hematite, and magnetite; carbonates, i.e. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironstone

... and calcium carbonate saturation state of the surrounding system also determine which polymorph of calcium carbonate (aragonite ... This trend has been observed by looking at the chemistry of both biogenic and abiogenic carbonates, dating them, and analyzing ... 2.0.CO;2, ISSN 0091-7613 Wilkinson, B.H.; Given, K.R. (1986). "Secular variation in abiotic marine carbonates: constraints on ... Stanley, S.M.; Hardie, L.A. (1998), "Secular oscillations in the carbonate mineralogy of reef-building and sediment-producing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonite_sea

2003). "Gypsum". Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF). V (Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates). Chantilly, VA, US: Mineralogical Society of ... scribes and illuminators mixed it with lead carbonate (powdered white lead) to make gesso, which was applied to illuminated ... when the sulfuric acid generated reacts with calcium carbonate. Its presence indicates oxidizing conditions. Under reducing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum

Cheshunt compound, a commercial mixture of copper sulfate and ammonium carbonate (discontinued), is used in horticulture to ... 2003). "Chalcocyanite". Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF). V. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Chantilly, VA, US: Mineralogical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper(II)_sulfate

"Nandrolone 17β-carbonates." U.S. Patent No. 7,820,642. 26 Oct. 2010.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone_dodecylcarbonate

Carbonate Sagebrush Valleys[edit]. The basins and semi-arid uplands of the Carbonate Sagebrush Valleys surround the carbonate ... Even in alluvial soils, root growth may be limited by a hardpan or caliche layer formed by carbonates leaching through the soil ... They contrast with the High-elevation Carbonate Mountains to the east, where the mountain brush zone is too narrow to be mapped ... are more constricted in area and are more influenced by nearby mountain ranges with extensive carbonate rock exposures, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Basin_Desert

The composition of associated carbonates". Chemical Geology. 17: 45-72. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(76)90021-8. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentlandite

1977). "Synthetic studies with carbonates. Part 6. Syntheses of 2-hydroxyethyl derivatives by reactions of ethylene carbonate ... by ethylene carbonate of carboxylic acids and certain heterocycles bearing an acidic N-H. Phase-transfer catalyst in geminal di ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraethylammonium_chloride

... , a very rare nickel carbonate mineral, with the formula (Ni,Fe,Mg)CO3, is named for the place it was first described, ... Nickel carbonate, though not conclusively proven to be gaspéite, is also reported in hydrothermally altered ultramafic rocks in ... Gaspéite is formed from a similar process to the weathering of other sulfide minerals to form carbonate minerals. The sulfide ... The composition of associated carbonates". Chemical Geology. 17: 45-72. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(76)90021-8. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaspéite

When heated, carbonates will decompose. A notable exception is carbonic acid, (H2CO3). Commonly seen as the "fizz" in ... The reaction is written as: H2CO3 → H2O + CO2 Other carbonates will decompose when heated to produce their corresponding metal ... CO2 A specific example is that involving calcium carbonate: CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 Metal chlorates also decompose when heated. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_decomposition

1977). "Synthetic studies with carbonates. Part 6. Syntheses of 2-hydroxyethyl derivatives by reactions of ethylene carbonate ... 2-Hydroxyethylation (attachment of −CH2−CH2−OH) by ethylene carbonate of carboxylic acids and certain heterocycles bearing an ... acidic N-H. For example, benzoic acid is converted to the ester, 2-hydroxyethyl benzoate, by treatment with ethylene carbonate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraethylammonium_iodide

... is formed from a similar process to the weathering of other sulfide minerals to form carbonate minerals. The ... Kambaldaite is not reported from the Tasmanian or New South Wales nickel carbonate occurrences because it is a supergene ... Gaspeite Hellyerite Gossan Nickel, E. H.; Robinson, B. W. (1985). "Kambaldaite, a new hydrated Ni-Na carbonate mineral from ... Kambaldaite, NaNi4(CO3)3(OH)3·3H2O, is an extremely rare hydrated sodium nickel carbonate mineral described from gossanous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambaldaite

"Grand comic opera". Carbonate Chronicle. Leadville, CO. June 14, 1886. p. 3. Archived from the original on September 12, 2017. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thornton_Chase

"Dr Christopher Jackson , Carbonate Research". www.carbonateresearch.com. Retrieved 2017-12-15. "The Geological Society of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Jackson_(geologist)

Common carbonate minerals include calcite (found in limestone), aragonite, and dolomite. The pedosphere is the outermost layer ... Cox, Ronadh (2003). "Carbonate sediments". Williams College. Archived from the original on 2009-04-05. Retrieved 2007-04-21. ... The spectral features of carbonates and clay minerals are usually absent in the spectra of other C-type asteroids. Sometimes ... Other possible surface constituents include iron-rich clay minerals (cronstedtite) and carbonate minerals (dolomite and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_solar_terrestrial_planets

Sodium carbonate, or washing soda, is a natural disinfectant. Use it to clean a variety of surfaces, from kitchen counters to ... Sodium carbonate, or washing soda, is a natural disinfectant. Use it to clean a variety of surfaces, from kitchen counters to ... Sodium carbonate is non-toxic when diluted in its cleaning mixture. However, it can cause undesired symptoms such as vomiting, ... When mold is a problem in your home, keep a simple sodium carbonate mixture on hand to remove mold and to wash down surfaces to ...

https://www.ehow.com/how_5661076_make-mold-cleaner-sodium-carbonate.html

Anhydrous sodium carbonate is the waterless crystalline form of sodium carbonate, the sodium salt of carbonic acid. Its ... Anhydrous sodium carbonate is the waterless crystalline form of sodium carbonate, the sodium salt of carbonic acid. Its ... A: The chemical name for washing soda, also called sodium carbonate, is Na2CO3. Another name for sodium carbonate is soda ash, ... A: The ingredients used in Ajax cleanser are calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, ...

https://www.reference.com/science/anhydrous-sodium-carbonate-35ac7b977f05b3ff

"On the hydrates of sodium carbonate".. [permanent dead link] *^ a b c d Christian Thieme (2000). "Sodium Carbonates". Ullmanns ... Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, (also known as washing soda, soda ash and soda crystals) is the inorganic compound with the formula ... Sodium carbonate is obtained as three different hydrates and as the anhydrous salt: *sodium carbonate decahydrate (natron), Na2 ... These ions form insoluble solid precipitates upon treatment with carbonate ions: Ca2+ + CO32- → CaCO3. Sodium carbonate is an ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_ash

Sodium carbonate is more commonly known as washing soda. Like the similar-sounding compound sodium bicarbonate-baking soda-its ... Sodium Carbonate and HCl. When you mix sodium carbonate and HCl, two molecules of HCl give their hydrogen atoms to the sodium ... Sodium Carbonate. Sodium carbonate has the chemical formula Na2CO3. It has several different applications, one of which is ... Sodium carbonate is more commonly known as washing soda. Like the similar-sounding compound sodium bicarbonate-baking soda-its ...

https://www.livestrong.com/article/472110-sodium-carbonate-hcl-reaction/

... or Soda Ash is an antacid and absorbs water from the air. It is often used in permanent wave solutions, ... Sodium Carbonate. SKU: 81020. Sodium Carbonate or Soda Ash is an antacid and absorbs water from the air. It is often used in ... Soda Ash; Disodium carbonate; Soda; washing soda,calcined soda; ASH; Carbonic acid disodium salt. Cas #: 497-19-8. CNa2O3. ...

https://www.chemistrystore.com/Chemicals_S-Z-Sodium_Carbonate.html

Sodium carbonate is a sodium salt of carbonic acid. It usually comes in the form of a white crystalline powder. It can be ... 250g Sodium carbonate powder•soda ash•PH+•dye fixative• 250g Sodium carbonate powder•soda ash•PH+•dye fixative• ... 250g Sodium carbonate powder•soda ash•PH+•dye fixative• Email to friends Share on Facebook - opens in a new window or tab Share ...

http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/250g-Sodium-carbonate-powder-soda-ash-PH-dye-fixative-/140503384210?hash=item20b6a78092:g:rMgAAOSwyQtVlYtf

Sodium carbonate Chemical Formula: Na2CO3 Synonyms. Soda Soda ash Washing soda ... Sodium carbonate is used in detergent formulas as a water softener, to lock up calcium and magnesium from the water. Calcium ... sodium carbonate: InChI=1/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-2/fCO3.Na/q-2;m ...

http://sci-toys.com/ingredients/sodium_carbonate.html

Sodium carbonate peroxide breaks down into sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide acts as a bleach, and ... sodium carbonate peroxide: InChI=1/2CH2O3.4Na.3H2O2/c2*2-1(3)4;;;;;3*1-2/h2*(H2,2,3,4);;;;;3*1-2H/q;;4*+1;;;/p-4/f2CO3.4Na. ... The high alkalinity of the sodium carbonate boosts the bleaching effect of hydrogen peroxide. ...

http://sci-toys.com/ingredients/sodium_carbonate_peroxide.html

Sodium carbonate poisoning. Definition. Sodium carbonate (known as washing soda or soda ash) is a chemical found in many ... Sodium carbonate is usually not very toxic. However, if you swallow very large amounts, you may have symptoms. In this rare ... This article focuses on poisoning due to sodium carbonate.. This article is for information only. Do NOT use it to treat or ...

http://www.floridahealthfinder.gov/healthencyclopedia/Health%20Illustrated%20Encyclopedia/1/002486.aspx

Browse fuzing.com to find Magnesium Carbonate sellers, suppliers, wholesalers, companies, manufacturers, exporters, factories. ... Magnesium Carbonate. You May Also Be Interested In: dialysate magnesium carbonate Features: Applications: 1) Mainly used in ...

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Browse fuzing.com to find Magnesium Carbonate Light sellers, suppliers, wholesalers, companies, manufacturers, exporters, ... Magnesium Carbonate Light. You May Also Be Interested In: ammonium salt magnesium carbonate magnesium carbonate light plastic ...

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Homogeneous and immobilized one-component catalysts for the conversion of epoxides and carbon dioxide into cyclic carbonates at ... for cyclic carbonate synthesis J. Meléndez, M. North and P. Villuendas, Chem. Commun., 2009, 0, 2577 DOI: 10.1039/B900180H ... Experimental details for the synthesis of catalysts andcyclic carbonates and characterization data for all newcompounds PDF ( ...

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2009/CC/b900180h

When a spike of carbonate ions is introduced to a solution, the carbonate to bicarbonate ratio quickly relaxes to the ... it will definitely be supersaturated in carbonate. But oddly enough, supersaturation with dissolved calcium carbonate is a ... The final carbonate chemistry approach to CCS that I want to cover is a bit different. It uses the soils in warm tropical ... Wouldnt a carbonate-rich cold water stream coming up a pipe deposit lime as it reached depths where it was saturated? ...

https://www.energycentral.com/c/ec/carbonate-solution-part-2-other-approaches

Carbonates and Evaporites is an international scientific journal published 4 times a year by Springer and provides a forum for ... This includes the origin and stratigraphy of carbonate, and evaporite rocks and issues unique to these rock types: weathering ... the exchange of concepts, research and applications on all aspects of carbonate and evaporite geology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonates_and_Evaporites

The carbonates were discovered in an outcrop of rocks called "Comanche." Carbonates (calcium or iron carbonates) were ... At that time, carbonates would have formed from water and the carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere. Later the deposits of carbonate ... Earth has vast carbonate deposits in the form of limestone. Huygens Crater - circle shows location of carbonate deposit - ... These kind of carbonates only form when there is a lot of water. They were found with the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonates_on_Mars

All forms of magnesium carbonate react with acids. Magnesium carbonate crystallizes in the calcite structure wherein Mg2+ is ... Like many common group 2 metal carbonates, magnesium carbonate reacts with aqueous acids to release carbon dioxide and water: ... If magnesium chloride (or sulfate) is treated with aqueous sodium carbonate, a precipitate of basic magnesium carbonate-a ... References to "light" and "heavy" magnesium carbonates actually refer to the magnesium hydroxy carbonates hydromagnesite and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_carbonate

Magnesium carbonate. Calcium carbonate. Barium carbonate Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their ... Strontium carbonate (SrCO3) is the carbonate salt of strontium that has the appearance of a white or grey powder. It occurs in ... Strontium carbonate is a white, odorless, tasteless powder. Being a carbonate, it is a weak base and therefore is reactive with ... usually sodium or ammonium carbonates). For example if sodium carbonate was used in solution with strontium nitrate: Sr(NO3)2 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium_carbonate

Pure sodium carbonate is a white, odorless powder that absorbs moisture from the air, has an alkaline taste, and forms a ... sodium carbonate, chemical compound, Na 2CO 3, soluble in water and very slightly soluble in alcohol. Pure sodium carbonate is ... Sodium carbonate decahydrate, Na 2CO 3·10H 2O, is a colorless, transparent crystalline compound commonly called sal soda or ... The principal uses of sodium carbonate are in the manufacture of glass and the production of chemicals. It is also used in ...

https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/chemistry/elements/sodium-carbonate

... and the carbonates of less reactive metals, such as lead and copper. ... This experiment involves a comparison between the thermal stabilities of carbonates of reactive metals, such as sodium and ... Potassium carbonate, K2CO3(s), (IRRITANT) - see CLEAPSS Hazcard.. Sodium carbonate, anhydrous, Na2CO3(s), (IRRITANT) - see ... Those metal carbonates which do decompose leave a residue of the metal oxide and evolve carbon dioxide in the process:. ...

http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resource/res00000450/thermal-decomposition-of-metal-carbonates

calcium carbonate, CaCO3, white chemical compound that is the most common nonsiliceous mineral. It occurs in two crystal forms ... Calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is one of the most common compounds on Earth, making up about 7% of Earths crust ... Calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is one of the most common compounds on Earth , making up about 7% of Earths crust ... Calcium carbonate has two major crystalline forms-two different geometric arrangements of the calcium ions and carbonate ions ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/chemistry/compounds-and-elements/calcium-carbonate

Carbonate minerals are a common constituent of lacustrine sediments. The great variability with respect to geological setting, ... Plummer, L. N. (1975). Mixing of seawater with calcium carbonate ground water. Mem. Geol. Soc. Am., 142: 219-236.Google Scholar ... Ball, M. M. (1967). Carbonate sand bodies of Florida and the Bahamas. J. Sed. Petrol., 37: 556-591.Google Scholar ... Lalou, C. (1957). Studies on bacterial precipitation of carbonates in sea water. J. Sed. Petrol., 27: 190-195.Google Scholar ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-1152-3_9

Calcium Carbonate: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Before taking calcium carbonate,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to calcium carbonate or any other drugs. ... Gas-X® with Maalox® (containing Calcium Carbonate, Simethicone). *Rolaids® Plus Gas Relief (containing Calcium Carbonate, ... Take calcium carbonate exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601032.html

This resource is part of the Sodium carbonate - a versatile material resources collection, which presents learning material ... based on the manufacture and uses of sodium carbonate made by the Solvay (ammonia-soda) process. ... Manufacturing sodium carbonate Handout Sodium carbonate - introduction and teachers notes Handout Buy Sodium Carbonate booklet ... Manufacturing sodium carbonate Description. A worksheet with an account of the Solvay process and questions on the process and ...

http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resource/res00002214/manufacturing-sodium-carbonate?cmpid=CMP00007520

Adcal tablets are a calcium supplement containing calcium carbonate, information about taking adcal tablets, including adcal ... Adcal (calcium carbonate). Adcal chewable tablets contain the active ingredient calcium carbonate, which is a calcium salt used ... Calcichew Forte (calcium carbonate). Everything you need to know about taking this calcium supplement By Helen Marshall ... Calcium carbonate is also used in people with kidney failure to bind to phosphate consumed in the diet. Its needed because in ...

http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/diet-and-nutrition/a8328/adcal-calcium-carbonate/

Products from calcium carbonate. For your exam, you need to know how calcium hydroxide is obtained from calcium carbonate. ... If calcium carbonate is heated strongly, it breaks down to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Calcium oxide is yellow when ...

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa/limestone/calciumcarbonaterev2.shtml

This article focuses on poisoning due to sodium carbonate. ... Sodium carbonate (known as washing soda or soda ash) is a ... Sodium carbonate is usually not very toxic in small amounts. However, if you swallow large amounts, you may have symptoms. In ... Sodium carbonate (known as washing soda or soda ash) is a chemical found in many household and industrial products. This ... article focuses on poisoning due to sodium carbonate.. This article is for information only. DO NOT use it to treat or manage ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002486.htm

Lithium Carbonate (LiCO3) is a compound often used in psychiatric medicine for the treatment of bipolar disorder,Bipolar ... Lithium carbonate. Confirm. Do you really want to send cpt_ahab a message saying you like their work? ... Lithium Carbonate (LiCO3) is a compound often used in psychiatric medicine for the treatment of Bipolar Personality Disorder ( ... What is known is that Lithium Carbonate reduces the action of Norepinephrine and Serotonin in the brain, and inhibits the ...

https://everything2.com/title/Lithium+carbonate?like_id=2067934&confirmop=ilikeit

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/C13H10O3/c14-13

Other names: Carbonic acid, diethyl ester; Ethyl carbonate; Diatol; Ethyl carbonate ((EtO)2CO); Eufin; C2H5OC(O)OC2H5; ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C105588&Units=SI&Mask=1EFF&Type=ANTOINE&Plot=on

... MSDS Number: S6890 --- Effective Date: 12/08/96. 1. Product Identification. Synonyms: Carbonic acid, ... Strontium Carbonate (1633-05-2) No No No No --------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 2\---------------- -RCRA ... Strontium Carbonate (1633-05-2) Yes Yes No Yes --------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 1\---------------- - ... Strontium Carbonate (1633-05-2) No No None 12. Ecological Information. Environmental Fate: No information found. Environmental ...

https://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/s6890.htm

carbonates Houston, carbonates says:. I am an exploration geologist, which requires me to be tolerant of risk and able to ... carbonates is outperforming , 20% of all CAPS players. A players score is the total percentage return of all his picks ...

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Carbonates in Germany. - Carbonates in Estonia. - Carbonates in Indonesia. - Carbonates in the Philippines. - Carbonates in ... Carbonates Market in Asia to 2019: Market Guide. - Carbonates Market in MENA to 2019: Market Guide. - Carbonates Market in East ... Carbonates Market in Latin America to 2019: Market Guide. - Carbonates Market in West Europe to 2019: Market Guide. - ... Report Published: Carbonates in Italy. Fast Market Research recommends Carbonates in Italy from Euromonitor International, ...

http://www.sbwire.com/press-releases/report-published-carbonates-in-italy-519835.htm

Carbonates continued to perform well in 2013, with total value sales recording 12% growth, due to the continued success of the ... Carbonates in Germany. - Carbonates in Estonia. - Carbonates in the Philippines. - Carbonates in Kazakhstan. - Carbonates in ... Carbonates Market in Asia to 2019: Market Guide. - Carbonates Market in MENA to 2019: Market Guide. - Carbonates Market in East ... Carbonates Market in Latin America to 2019: Market Guide. - Carbonates Market in West Europe to 2019: Market Guide. - ...

http://www.sbwire.com/press-releases/carbonates-in-indonesia-now-available-at-fast-market-research-519117.htm

Bases and carbonates have opposing chemical structures and react by canceling one another out. Whether a substance is an acid ... Bases react with acids to form the salts that constitute most carbonates. It is only the finished carbonate salts that are ... Bases and carbonates have opposing chemical structures and react by canceling one another out. Whether a substance is an acid ... Carbonates are salts of carbonic acid. They may also be esters of carbonic acid, but either way they display many similar ...

https://www.reference.com/science/bases-react-carbonates-4a310e3bf062ecd9

2-PROPANEDIOL CARBONATE; 1,2-PROPANEDIOL CYCLIC CARBONATE; 1,2-PROPANEDIYL CARBONATE; 1,2-PROPYLENE CARBONATE; 1,3-DIOXOLAN-2- ... About PROPYLENE CARBONATE: Propylene carbonate is a synthetic solvent.. Function(s): Solvent; Viscosity Decreasing Agent; ...

http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredient/705314/PROPYLENE_CARBONATE/

Propylene carbonate is a synthetic solvent.. 1,3-DIOXOLAN-2-ONE, 4-METHYL-, 1,3DIOXOLAN2ONE, 4METHYL, 4-METHYL- 1,3-DIOXOLAN-2- ... ONE, 4-METHYL-1,3-DIOXOLAN-2-ONE, CARBONIC ACID CYCLIC METHYLETHYLENE ESTER, and PROPYLENE CARBONATE ...

https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/705314-PROPYLENE_CARBONATE/

Re: Solubility of calcium carbonate. Date: Wed May 12 20:22:17 1999. Posted By: Charlie Crutchfield, , Retired, Retired. Area ... The Sodium Carbonate may be the mono-hydrate[sometimes a manufacturer will neglect to tell you such "minor" details] In which ... If this is the case, using 5 grams of the DIHYDRATE would yield 3.43 grams of Calcium Carbonate. This latter is fairly close to ... to form about 3.89 grams Calcium Carbonate. Or, maybe a little less, since the "excess" ca;cium chloride might cause the ...

http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1999-05/926571699.Ch.r.html

... calcium carbonate, which is a calcium salt used mainly to supplement calcium in the diet, and colecalciferol, otherwise known ... Calcium carbonate may reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics (eg tetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline) and ... Calcichew D3 (calcium carbonate, colecalciferol). Calcichew D3 chewable tablets contain two active ingredients, calcium ... Calcichew D3 chewable tablets contain two active ingredients, calcium carbonate, which is a calcium salt used mainly to ...

https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/dietry/a6351/calcichew-d3-calcium-carbonate-colecalciferol/

The United States International Trade Commission is an independent, nonpartisan, quasi-judicial federal agency that fulfills a range of trade-related mandates. We provide high-quality, leading-edge analysis of international trade issues to the President and the Congress. The Commission is a highly regarded forum for the adjudication of intellectual property and trade disputes.

https://usitc.gov/investigations/701731/2008/barium_carbonate_china/first_review_expedited.htm

Calcium salt of carbonic acid [Note: Occurs in nature as as limestone, chalk, marble, dolomite, aragonite, calcite and oyster shells.] White, odorless powder or colorless crystals.

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0090.html

Glossary of terms for the photographic industry Sodium carbonate An alkaline accelerator used in many general purpose and print ... Sodium carbonate An alkaline accelerator used in many general purpose and print developers. Search SWPP. ...

http://swpp.co.uk/glossary/sodium_carbonate.htm

An organic carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate is prepared by reacting an alcohol such as methanol with carbon monoxide and ... An organic carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate is prepared by reacting an alcohol such as methanol with carbon monoxide and ... An organic carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate is prepared by reacting an alcohol such as methanol with carbon monoxide and ... An organic carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate is prepared by the oxidative carbonylation of alcohols in the presence of a ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US4761467?dq=6,240,376

Notify me of new magnesium carbonate block info. (ec21.com)
The product is made of MgCO3 (Magnesium carbonate), safe and. (ec21.com)
The Seachem Reef Status Magnesium Carbonate Test Kit tests for magnesium through a titration based procedure in increments of 12.5 mg/L. Tests for carbonate alkalinity, borate alkalintiy and total alkalinity in 0.1 meq/L resolution through a titration based procedure. (marineandreef.com)
How was your experience with Magnesium Carbonate? (rxwiki.com)
What tips would you provide a friend before taking Magnesium Carbonate? (rxwiki.com)
What are you taking Magnesium Carbonate for? (rxwiki.com)
How well did Magnesium Carbonate work for you? (rxwiki.com)
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Take magnesium carbonate exactly as prescribed by your doctor. (rxwiki.com)

Another name for sodium carbonate is soda ash, which also has a pH of 11.6. (reference.com)
Sodium carbonate , Na 2 C O 3 , (also known as washing soda , soda ash and soda crystals ) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na 2 CO 3 and its various hydrates. (wikipedia.org)
Sodium Carbonate or Soda Ash is an antacid and absorbs water from the air. (chemistrystore.com)
Sodium carbonate (an aa kent as washin soda , soda ash an soda crystals ), Na 2 CO 3 , is a sodium saut o carbonic acid (soluble in watter). (wikipedia.org)
Sodium Carbonate (Anhydrous BP) (also known as washing soda, soda ash and soda crystals), Na 2 CO 3, is a sodium salt of carbonic acid (soluble in water). (growders.eu)
Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash ), Na2CO3, is a sodium salt of carbonic acid. (cqconcepts.com)
The sodium carbonate concentration in soda ash varied very widely, from 2-3% for the seaweed-derived form ("kelp"), to 30% for the best barilla produced from halophyte plants in Spain. (cqconcepts.com)

Sodium carbonate, or washing soda, is a natural disinfectant. (ehow.com)
The chemical name for washing soda, also called sodium carbonate, is Na2CO3. (reference.com)
Sodium carbonate is more commonly known as washing soda. (livestrong.com)
Sodium carbonate, also known as washing soda, is a sodium salt of cabonic acid, with a chemical compound that conforms to the general formula: Na 2 CO 3. (spasalon.com)
Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, (also known as washing soda, soda ashand soda crystals) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2CO3and its various hydrates. (imperialchemicals.in)

Sodium hydrogen carbonate is a constituent of backing powder, and is applied in textile and leather industries and in soap and cleanser production. (growders.eu)

When heated at very high temperatures, combined with sand (SiO2) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and cooled very rapidly, sodium carbonate can be used to form a transparent non-crystalline material, commonly known as glass. (cqconcepts.com)

Anhydrous sodium carbonate is the waterless crystalline form of sodium carbonate, the sodium salt of carbonic acid. (reference.com)

sodium carbonate decahydrate ( natron ), Na 2 CO 3 ·10H 2 O, which readily effloresces to form the monohydrate. (wikipedia.org)
sodium carbonate monohydrate ( thermonatrite ), Na 2 CO 3 ·H 2 O. Also known as crystal carbonate . (wikipedia.org)
Crystal Structure of Sodium Carbonate Monohydrate, Na 2 CO 3 . (wikipedia.org)
In casting, sodium carbonate monohydrate is referred to as "bonding agent" and is used to allow wet alginate to adhere to gelled alginate. (cqconcepts.com)
Sodium carbonate has three known forms of hydrates: sodium carbonate decahydrate, sodium carbonate heptahydrate and sodium carbonate monohydrate. (cqconcepts.com)

A number of "halophyte" (salt tolerant) plant species and of seaweed species can be processed into an impure form of sodium carbonate, and these sources predominated in Europe and elsewhere until the early 19th Century. (cqconcepts.com)

What is anhydrous sodium carbonate? (reference.com)
Anhydrous sodium carbonate is a hygroscopic white substance. (reference.com)
anhydrous sodium carbonate, also known as calcined soda, is formed by heating the hydrates. (wikipedia.org)

Sodium carbonate decahydrate 99.999% trace metals basis Synonym: Sal soda, Soda CAS Number 6132021. (growders.eu)

Sodium carbonate has the chemical formula Na2CO3. (livestrong.com)
That means it is usually contaminated with disodium carbonate Na2CO3. (spasalon.com)

sodium carbonate heptahydrate (not known in mineral form), Na 2 CO 3 ·7H 2 O. (wikipedia.org)

b Sodium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid i Sodium Carbonate When mixed with, : When mixed with water, formed a white liquid after crystals, were partially dissolved, then formed a slightly cloudy mixture after crystals totally, : Adding the HCl to the solution of Sodium Carbonate, Yes. (spasalon.com)
The sodium carbonate crystals produced from the process may originate from an input solution comprised of calcinedsodium carbonate solution, tailing pond water, waste pond water, sesquicarbonate or uncalcined trona solution, or from various mixtures of carbonates and bicarbonates. (growders.eu)

It is also formed when sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated (calcined) e.g. in the final step of the Solvay process . (wikipedia.org)
When you mix sodium carbonate and HCl, two molecules of HCl give their hydrogen atoms to the sodium carbonate. (livestrong.com)
When you add a hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution to a solution of sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3), the hydrogen ion in HCl switches places with one of the sodium ions in Na 2 CO 3 to produce sodium hydrogencarbonate, also known as sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), and sodium chloride (salt). (spasalon.com)

Amount of HCl = 1 mol … China Sodium Carbonate And Hydrochloric Acid manufacturers - Select 2020 high quality Sodium Carbonate And Hydrochloric Acid products in best price from certified Chinese Sodium manufacturers, Chemical Acid suppliers, wholesalers and factory on Made-in-China.com The indicator will turn pink. (spasalon.com)

HCl, or hydrochloric acid, is a strong acid that reacts with sodium carbonate. (livestrong.com)
Because hydrochloric acid isn't something you're likely to have around the house, it's rare that you would actually mix sodium carbonate and HCl yourself. (livestrong.com)
Measure out a suitable amount of a sodium carbonate solution of unknown concentration and a hydrochloric acid solution of known concentration in separate graduated beakers. (spasalon.com)
Suppose you run a reaction of 5 grams of sodium carbonate with 25 mL of hydrochloric acid, and you find that the reaction produces 200 mL of carbon dioxide gas. (spasalon.com)
The equation for the second stage of the reaction between sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is shown below again: NaHCO3(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) From the equation, you can see that 1 mole of NaHCO3 will react with 1 mole of HCl. (spasalon.com)
Because the reaction between sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid proceeds in two stages, you can use more than one indicator. (spasalon.com)

Beyond the "brute force" approach that I wrote about last week, I want to cover three other ways to exploit the chemistries of common carbonate minerals for large scale carbon capture and storage. (energycentral.com)
Carbonates are ubiquitous in the rock record and provide a broad array of stable isotope-based paleoclimatic proxies (i.e., δ 18 O, δ 13 C, ∆ 17 O, ∆ 47 , ∆ 48 ) that provide information on stratigraphy, carbon cycling, temperature, hydrology, and the altitude of ancient land surfaces. (frontiersin.org)

Double the amount of sodium carbonate, detergent and lemon juice if the mold proves difficult to remove. (ehow.com)
Sodium carbonate added to water helps to remove magnesium and calcium ions, and increases detergent efficiency. (livestrong.com)

Moreover, the polymers are excellent heterogeneous organocatalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides to afford cyclic carbonates at atmospheric pressure under solvent-free conditions. (epfl.ch)

Sodium hydroxide may be applied to prevent clogging of sewer pipes, and sodium carbonate is applied in water purifiion to neutralize acids. (growders.eu)

CO₂ in the flue gas acidifies the flow, enabling it to dissolve calcium carbonate from the limestone surface. (energycentral.com)
Limestone can be taken as pure calcium carbonate, with a mass of 100 grams per mole. (energycentral.com)
In 1791, the French chemist Nicolas Leblanc patented a process for producing sodium carbonate from salt, sulfuric acid, limestone, and coal. (cqconcepts.com)

Trona, hydrated sodium bicarbonate carbonate (Na3HCO3CO3·2H2O), is mined in several areas of the United States and provides nearly all the domestic sodium carbonate. (cqconcepts.com)

Manufacture of sodium carbonate. (spasalon.com)
Deposits of the mineral natron, a combination of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, have been mined from dry lake bottoms in Egypt since ancient times, when natron was used in the preparation of mummies and in the early manufacture of glass. (cqconcepts.com)

It may be used directly in solutions of sodium carbonate for soaking of clothes, dishwashing, floor washing and for degreasing operations but it is also present in a large number of consumer products like cosmetics, soaps, scouring powders, soaking and washing powders. (growders.eu)

Since the molar concentration of total DIC in seawater is only ~2.3 mmol / liter to begin with, the concentration of carbonate ions in seawater at pH 7 would be an extremely low 23 μmol / liter. (energycentral.com)

Sodium carbonate is soluble in water, but can occur naturally in arid regions, especially in the mineral deposits (evaporites) formed when seasonal lakes evaporate. (cqconcepts.com)

Carbonates from samples that do not contain aragonite have the isotopic fractionation of seawater of Δ 7 Li seawater-calcite = 6.1 ± 1.3‰ (2sd), which is not affected by latitude or the water depth the sample was deposited at. (bris.ac.uk)
Overall bulk carbonates from the open ocean are a reliable archive of seawater δ 7 Li, but care must be taken with carbonate mineralogy and low-carbonate samples. (bris.ac.uk)

However, the reaction does have some utility on an industrial scale, as sodium carbonate can be used to help remove excess HCl from a solution. (livestrong.com)

Weight %) : 99.5% NaCl Water Insoluble matters: 0.2 % Calcium Bicarbonate: 0.035% Calcium Carbonate: Absent Calcium. (ec21.com)

calcium carbonate process flow diagram calcium carbonate manufacturing process flow sodium carbonate production process flow diagram ppt XSM is a leading global manufacturer of crushing and milling Get Price Calcium carbonate Essential Chemical Industry. (growders.eu)
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Anatomy2

Organisms2

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs30

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes14

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Health Care3

Geographicals1

European interlaboratory comparison of breath 13CO2 analysis. (1/522)

Direct EPR detection of the carbonate radical anion produced from peroxynitrite and carbon dioxide. (2/522)

Islet cell membrane antigens activate diabetogenic CD4+ T-cells in the BB/Wor rat. (3/522)

A 60 kDa plasma membrane protein changes its localization to autophagosome and autolysosome membranes during induction of autophagy in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells. (4/522)

Degradation of polycarbonate by a polyester-degrading strain, Amycolatopsis sp. strain HT-6. (5/522)

T-1095, an inhibitor of renal Na+-glucose cotransporters, may provide a novel approach to treating diabetes. (6/522)

The age of the carbonates in martian meteorite ALH84001. (7/522)

Antibodies against pex14p block ATP-independent binding of matrix proteins to peroxisomes in vitro. (8/522)

Carbonates

Calcium Carbonate

Lithium Carbonate

Apatites

Lanthanum

Hyperphosphatemia

Meteoroids

Mars

Animal Shells

Calcification, Physiologic

Phosphorus

Minerals

Polyamines

Phosphates

Antacids

Anthozoa

Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders

Geologic Sediments

Seawater

Aluminum Hydroxide

Exobiology

Calcium Citrate

Calcium Compounds

Silicates

Coral Reefs

Atmosphere

Calcium Phosphates

Geology

Oceans and Seas

Chemical Precipitation

Allyl Compounds

Sculpture

Egg Shell

Bone Substitutes

Pinctada

Bicarbonates

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Lithium

Oxygen Isotopes

Carbon Dioxide

Tablets

Sodium Bicarbonate

Chelating Agents

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Calcium Sulfate

Palladium

Extraterrestrial Environment

Parathyroid Hormone

Calcium, Dietary

Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Iridium

Evolution, Planetary

Crystallization

Calcium

Carbon Cycle

European interlaboratory comparison of breath 13CO2 analysis. (1/522)

Direct EPR detection of the carbonate radical anion produced from peroxynitrite and carbon dioxide. (2/522)

Islet cell membrane antigens activate diabetogenic CD4+ T-cells in the BB/Wor rat. (3/522)

A 60 kDa plasma membrane protein changes its localization to autophagosome and autolysosome membranes during induction of autophagy in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells. (4/522)

Degradation of polycarbonate by a polyester-degrading strain, Amycolatopsis sp. strain HT-6. (5/522)

T-1095, an inhibitor of renal Na+-glucose cotransporters, may provide a novel approach to treating diabetes. (6/522)

The age of the carbonates in martian meteorite ALH84001. (7/522)

Antibodies against pex14p block ATP-independent binding of matrix proteins to peroxisomes in vitro. (8/522)

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