A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.
Inorganic compounds that contain carbon as an integral part of the molecule but are not derived from hydrocarbons.
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Nanometer-sized tubes composed mainly of CARBON. Such nanotubes are used as probes for high-resolution structural and chemical imaging of biomolecules with ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY.
Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.
Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.
A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
Any of several processes for the permanent or long-term artificial or natural capture or removal and storage of carbon dioxide and other forms of carbon, through biological, chemical or physical processes, in a manner that prevents it from being released into the atmosphere.
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.
A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.
Inorganic or organic compounds that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule.
Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.
The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.
Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).
Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.
Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.
Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.
A measure of the total greenhouse gas emissions produced by an individual, organization, event, or product. It is measured in units of equivalent kilograms of CARBON DIOXIDE generated in a given time frame.
The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.
Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen as an integral part of the molecule.
Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.
Ring compounds having atoms other than carbon in their nuclei. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Compounds containing the -SH radical.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryotic cells, by 50% in vitro. Though often expressed to denote in vitro antibacterial activity, it is also used as a benchmark for cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells in culture.
Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.
A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.
A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.
A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.

Influence of fibre length, dissolution and biopersistence on the production of mesothelioma in the rat peritoneal cavity. (1/109)

A range of respirable man-made mineral fibres were tested for evidence of carcinogenicity by injection into the peritoneal cavity of male SPF Wistar rats; and differences in carcinogenicity were related to the dimensions and biopersistence of the injected fibres. The fibres tested included an amosite asbestos, a silicon carbide whisker, a special purpose glass microfibre, and a range of other man-made vitreous fibres (MMVFs) and refractory ceramic fibres (RCFs) from the TIMA fibre repository. The injected dose of each was designed as the estimated mass required to contain 10(9) fibres > 5 microns in length, as determined by optical microscopy. The numbers of long fibres (> 15 microns) contained in these doses ranged across fibres from 0.1 x 10(9) to 0.8 x 10(9) fibres; the number of long fibres thinner than 0.95 micron ranged from 0.015 x 10(9) to 0.4 x 10(9). The treatment groups contained between 18 and 24 animals. Animals were killed when they showed signs of debilitation. At autopsy, the diagnosis of mesothelioma was usually obvious macroscopically. Otherwise, histological examination of peritoneal organs was used to search for early tumour development. Judged by median survival time, four of the fibre types, in the doses administered, presented higher mesothelioma activity than amosite asbestos. The other fibres tested were less carcinogenic than the amosite. Only a ceramic material derived by extreme heating to simulate the effect of furnace or oven conditions, produced no mesotheliomas. Attempts were made, using regression models, to relate these differences to fibre dimensions and to measures of durability from separate experiments. The results pointed principally to a link with the injected numbers of fibres > 20 microns in length and with biopersistence in the rat lung of fibres longer than 5 microns. Improved quantification of the relative importance of fibre dimensions and biopersistence indices requires experimentation with a range of doses.  (+info)

Depletion of glutathione and ascorbate in lung lining fluid by respirable fibres. (2/109)

OBJECTIVE: The use of synthetic vitreous fibres has increased along with a decline in the utilisation of asbestos. There remains concern that these synthetic fibres pose a health risk to workers because of the generation of respirable fibres which can enter the lung and cause adverse health effects. An improved understanding of the mechanism of fibre pathogenicity should allow more rational short-term testing regimes for new fibres as they are developed. We hypothesised that carcinogenic fibres have greater free radical activity compared with non-carcinogenic fibres and that they contribute to disease by causing oxidative stress in the lung. We examined a panel of respirable fibres, designated as being carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic based on previous animal studies for ability to deplete antioxidants from lung lining fluid. METHODS: On the basis of inhalation studies, a panel of fibres was divided into three carcinogenic fibres-amosite asbestos, silicon carbide, and refractory ceramic fibre 1 (RCF1) and three non-carcinogenic fibres-man-made vitreous fibre 10 (a glass fibre MMVF10), Code 100/475 glass fibre, and refractory ceramic fibre 4 (RCF4). We measured the levels of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate, two antioxidants present in lung lining fluid (LLF) after fibre treatment. All of the experiments were carried out at equal fibre number. RESULTS: Fibres had the ability to deplete both GSH and ascorbate from both LLF and pure solutions, an effect which was fibre number dependent. The greatest depletion of antioxidants was observed with the two non-carcinogenic glass fibres, and this effect was observed when A549 lung epithelial cells were treated with fibres. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that antioxidant depletion in cell free solution and lung lining fluid solely is not a simple indicator of the ability of fibres to cause lung pathology and that other biological events in the lung are involved.  (+info)

Magnetometric evaluation for the effects of silicon carbide whiskers on alveolar macrophages. (3/109)

Alveolar macrophages are thought to play an important role in fibrogenesis in the lungs caused by various types of exposure to dust. In this experiment, we evaluated the effect of silicon carbide whiskers (SiC) on alveolar macrophages mainly by unique magnetometry and also by established methods such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, apoptosis measurement and morphological observations. Alveolar macrophages obtained from Syrian golden hamsters by bronchoalveolar lavages were exposed in vitro to Fe3O4 for 18 hours as an indicator for magnetometry and SiC for experiments. A rapid decrease of the remanent magnetic field, so called "relaxation", was observed after cessation of an external magnetic field in macrophages phagocytizing Fe3O4 alone, while relaxation was delayed in those concurrently exposed to SiC. Release of LDH from SiC-exposed macrophages into the medium was not significantly higher than the controls, but it increased dose-dependently. Apoptosis was recognized in macrophages exposed to 60 micrograms/ml of SiC by the DNA ladder detection method and morphological observations. Electron microscopic examination revealed irregular forms of nuclei and organellas in macrophages exposed to SiC. Magnetometry, LDH release and electron microscopic observation indicated mild cytotoxicity of SiC to alveolar macrophages.  (+info)

The structure of the digitalislike and natriuretic factors identified as macrocyclic derivatives of the inorganic carbon suboxide. (4/109)

The Natriuretic and Endogenous DigitalisLike Factors (EDLFs) are disclosed to be cyclomeric and macroring closed derivatives of the inorganic carbon suboxide. The macrocyclic cyclohexamer with six carbon suboxide units has a molar mass of 408.2 Da, as previously been found for the EDLF of animal origin. The anhydrous cyclohexameric factor is lipophilic but is transformed into more hydrophilic derivatives by the stepwise addition of water. Based on the present findings, it appears that EDLFs exist in solution as an equilibrium mixture of lipophilic and hydrophilic forms and not as a single chemical substance. This structural assumption better accounts for the earlier observed highly anomalous properties of EDLFs. The simultaneously found higher molar mass (4,100 and 4,900 Da) macrocyclic carbon suboxide derivatives are tentatively identified as the Natriuretic factors.  (+info)

Evidence of substantial carbon isotope fractionation among substrate, inorganic carbon, and biomass during aerobic mineralization of 1, 2-dichloroethane by Xanthobacter autotrophicus. (5/109)

Carbon isotope fractionation during aerobic mineralization of 1, 2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) by Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 was investigated. A strong enrichment of (13)C in residual 1,2-DCA was observed, with a mean fractionation factor alpha +/- standard deviation of 0.968 +/- 0.0013 to 0.973 +/- 0.0015. In addition, a large carbon isotope fractionation between biomass and inorganic carbon occurred. A mechanistic model that links the fractionation factor alpha to the rate constants of the first catabolic enzyme was developed. Based on the model, it was concluded that the strong enrichment of (13)C in 1,2-DCA arises because the first irreversible step of the initial enzymatic transformation of 1,2-DCA consists of an S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution. S(N)2 reactions are accompanied by a large kinetic isotope effect. The substantial carbon isotope fractionation between biomass and inorganic carbon could be explained by the kinetic isotope effect associated with the initial 1,2-DCA transformation and by the metabolic pathway of 1,2-DCA degradation. Carbon isotope fractionation during 1,2-DCA mineralization leads to 1,2-DCA, inorganic carbon, and biomass with characteristic carbon isotope compositions, which may be used to trace the process in contaminated environments.  (+info)

Short term effect of silicon carbide whisker to the rat lung. (6/109)

We studied the short-term effect of silicon carbide whisker (SiCW) in vivo by instillation and inhalation to the rat lung. SiCW was instilled low dose (2 mg/0.5 ml saline) or high dose (10 mg/ 0.5 ml) intratracheally into the lungs of 25 rats. SiCW was also inhaled to another 25 rats at the average concentration of 10.4 mg/m3 for 1 month. In instillation study, the lung had focal alveolitis with the destruction of alveolar wall especially at 3 days after the instillation, and the lesion remained as an aggregated foci of SiCW at 6 months. The 'inflammation-score' of the instilled group by point counting method of the specimen correspondingly decreased gradually. In inhalation group, a minimum inflammatory change was observed. Collagen deposition in the aggregated foci of SiCW with accumulated alveolar macrophages and neutrophils was not progressive during the observed period. These findings suggest that SiCW may cause a minor effect to the rat lung in 6 months after exposure.  (+info)

Cancer incidence among workers in the Norwegian silicon carbide industry. (7/109)

The presence of silicon carbide (SiC) fibers in the SiC smelter work environment has suggested a possible cancer hazard. The authors studied cancer incidence among 2,620 men employed for more than 6 months in three Norwegian SiC smelters. Follow-up from 1953 to 1996 revealed an overall excess risk of lung cancer (standardized incidence ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5, 2.3) and an elevated risk of stomach cancer (standardized incidence ratio = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.0). Both standardized incidence ratio and Poisson regression analyses showed that lung cancer risk increased according to cumulative exposure to total dust, SiC fibers, SiC particles, and crystalline silica. The standardized incidence ratio for the upper SiC fiber exposure category was 3.5 (95% CI: 2.1, 5.6) when exposure was lagged by 20 years, while the Poisson regression analysis showed a rate ratio of 4.4 (95% CI: 2.1, 9.0). Smoking did not seem to be an important confounder. The excess risk of lung cancer may be explained by exposure to SiC fibers, but a strong correlation between the different exposures made it difficult to distinguish between them.  (+info)

Physiological and molecular biological characterization of intracellular carbonic anhydrase from the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. (8/109)

A single intracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA) was detected in air-grown and, at reduced levels, in high CO(2)-grown cells of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (UTEX 642). No external CA activity was detected irrespective of growth CO(2) conditions. Ethoxyzolamide (0.4 mM), a CA-specific inhibitor, severely inhibited high-affinity photosynthesis at low concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon, whereas 2 mM acetazolamide had little effect on the affinity for dissolved inorganic carbon, suggesting that internal CA is crucial for the operation of a carbon concentrating mechanism in P. tricornutum. Internal CA was purified 36.7-fold of that of cell homogenates by ammonium sulfate precipitation, and two-step column chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-sephacel and p-aminomethylbenzene sulfone amide agarose. The purified CA was shown, by SDS-PAGE, to comprise an electrophoretically single polypeptide of 28 kD under both reduced and nonreduced conditions. The entire sequence of the cDNA of this CA was obtained by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method and indicated that the cDNA encodes 282 amino acids. Comparison of this putative precursor sequence with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified CA indicated that it included a possible signal sequence of up to 46 amino acids at the N terminus. The mature CA was found to consist of 236 amino acids and the sequence was homologous to beta-type CAs. Even though the zinc-ligand amino acid residues were shown to be completely conserved, the amino acid residues that may constitute a CO(2)-binding site appeared to be unique among the beta-CAs so far reported.  (+info)

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Symptoms
------------------------------

The symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning can vary depending on the level and duration of exposure, but they typically include:

* Headache
* Dizziness or nausea
* Confusion
* Slurred speech
* Loss of consciousness
* Seizures

In severe cases, carbon monoxide poisoning can cause brain damage, coma, and even death.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Causes
-----------------------------

Carbon monoxide is a byproduct of incomplete combustion of fuels such as gasoline, natural gas, or wood. Sources of carbon monoxide poisoning include:

* Faulty heating systems or water heaters
* Poorly vented appliances like stoves and fireplaces
* Clogged chimneys or vents
* Running cars in enclosed spaces like garages
* Overcrowding with too many people in a small, poorly ventilated space

Diagnosis of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
----------------------------------

Doctors may suspect carbon monoxide poisoning based on symptoms and medical history. Blood tests can measure the level of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in red blood cells, which indicates CO exposure. Chest X-rays or CT scans may also be used to check for signs of lung damage.

Treatment of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
-----------------------------------

The treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning involves moving the patient to a location with fresh air and administering oxygen therapy to help remove CO from the bloodstream. In severe cases, medication may be given to help stimulate breathing and improve oxygenation of tissues. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may also be used in some cases.

Prevention of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
-------------------------------------

Prevention is key when it comes to carbon monoxide poisoning. Some steps you can take to prevent CO poisoning include:

* Installing a carbon monoxide detector in your home
* Regularly inspecting and maintaining appliances like furnaces, water heaters, and chimneys
* Properly venting appliances and ensuring they are installed in well-ventilated areas
* Not running cars or generators in enclosed spaces
* Avoiding overcrowding and ensuring there is adequate ventilation in living spaces

Conclusion
----------

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a serious condition that can be fatal if not treated promptly. It's important to be aware of the sources of CO exposure and take steps to prevent it, such as installing carbon monoxide detectors and regularly maintaining appliances. If you suspect CO poisoning, seek medical attention immediately.

The symptoms of carbon tetrachloride poisoning can vary depending on the level and duration of exposure, but may include:

* Respiratory problems, such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath
* Nausea and vomiting
* Abdominal pain and diarrhea
* Headaches and dizziness
* Confusion and disorientation
* Slurred speech and loss of coordination
* Seizures and coma

If you suspect that you or someone else has been exposed to carbon tetrachloride, it is essential to seek medical attention immediately. Treatment for carbon tetrachloride poisoning typically involves supportive care, such as oxygen therapy and hydration, as well as medications to manage symptoms and remove the toxin from the body. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.

Prevention is key when it comes to carbon tetrachloride poisoning. If you work with or are exposed to CTC, it is important to take safety precautions such as wearing protective clothing and equipment, using proper ventilation, and following all safety protocols. It is also essential to handle the chemical with care and store it in a safe location.

In conclusion, carbon tetrachloride poisoning can be a serious and potentially deadly condition that requires immediate medical attention. If you suspect exposure to CTC, it is crucial to seek medical help right away. By taking safety precautions and being aware of the risks associated with this chemical, you can prevent carbon tetrachloride poisoning and protect your health.

CaSO4 Carbon dioxide - CO2 Carbon disulfide - CS2 Carbon monoxide - CO Carbon tetrabromide - CBr4 Carbon tetrachloride - CCl4 ... of compounds List of copper salts List of inorganic compounds named after people List of minerals List of organic compounds ... Lists of chemical compounds, Chemistry-related lists, Inorganic compounds). ... Organic and Inorganic Compounds". 39 (4): 517-540. doi:10.1021/ie50448a022. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= ( ...
Inorganic carbon compounds). ... These compounds have similar properties and a similar molecular ... In 2003, Hou and others predicted a slight displacement of two of the carbon pairs, that reduced the symmetry group to D 2 d {\ ... Ceulemans and Fowler proposed a ring of 12 carbon atoms capped by two Ti 4 tetrahedra. Khan proposed a cage of 12 carbons at ... A metallocarbohedryne (or met-car for short) is any one of a family of chemical compounds with the generic molecular formula M ...
In chemistry, an inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon-hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound that ... Inorganic compounds by element List of inorganic compounds List of named inorganic compounds Mineral acid J. J. Berzelius " ... The Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD) in its definition of "inorganic" carbon compounds, states that such compounds ... The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as inorganic chemistry. Inorganic compounds comprise most of ...
Oxygen and Carbon Bound Acetylacetonato Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 35. p. 173. doi:10.1002/9780470651568 ... Organoiridium chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing an iridium-carbon chemical bond. Organoiridium ... Organoiridium compounds share many characteristics with those of rhodium, but less so with cobalt. Iridium can exist in ... iridium(I) compounds (d8 configuration) usually occur with square planar or trigonal bipyramidal geometries, whereas iridium( ...
... is highly reactive with carbon dioxide. Dale Perry (April 2016). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. p. ... Lead citrate is a compound of lead and citrate that is primarily used as an enhancer for heavy metal staining in electron ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, ...
Inorganic carbon compounds, Supramolecular chemistry). ... The compound has a blackish-blue color. Carbon monofluoride is ... Because it forms irreversibly, carbon monofluoride is often not classified as an intercalation compound. It has the formula (CF ... The actual composition may vary and therefore these compounds are an example of non-stoichiometric compounds. It is customary ... The graphite interlayer distance increases upon Ca intercalation from 3.35 to 4.524 Ã…, and the carbon-carbon distance increases ...
Prediction of Nucleophilic Attack at Carbon and Resultant Stereochemistry". Inorganic Chemistry. 9 (7): 1691-694. doi:10.1021/ ... Darensbourg investigated certain kinetic aspects of organolithium compounds. During the course of these studies, the kinetics ... "The Inorganic Syntheses Organization". Inorganic Syntheses. Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. "Recent Volumes". ... Darensbourg received a B.S. in Chemistry from Union College in 1963, and a Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry from the University of ...
Bagnall, Kenneth W. (2013-12-12). Th Thorium: Compounds with Carbon: Carbonates, Thiocyanates, Alkoxides, Carboxylates. ... and Transformation Studies in a Family of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Framework Structures Based on Indium". Inorganic Chemistry. ... Oxalate phosphates can form metal organic framework compounds. Related compounds include the arsenate oxalates, and phosphite ... and Transformation Studies in a Family of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Framework Structures Based on Indium". Inorganic Chemistry. ...
"Cyclopentadienyl-carbon monoxide and related compounds of some transitional metals". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry ... This compound features one cyclopentadienyl ring that is bound in an η5-manner and two carbonyl ligands. The compound is ... Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 7. pp. 99-115. doi:10.1002/9780470132388.ch31. ISBN 9780470132388. Piper, T.S.; Cotton, F.A.; ... Cyclopentadienylcobalt dicarbonyl is an organocobalt compound with formula (C5H5)Co(CO)2, abbreviated CpCo(CO)2. It is an ...
Inorganic carbon compounds, Inorganic sulfur compounds, Inorganic solvents, Hazardous air pollutants, Neurotoxins, ... Carbon monosulfide Carbon subsulfide Carbon diselenide 1949 Holland Tunnel fire, accident with truck carrying carbon disulfide ... Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1952). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds. Van Nostrand. Carbon disulfide in ... Carbon disulfide production also emits carbon disulfide. As of 2004[update], about 250 g of carbon disufide is emitted per ...
"Cyclopentadienyl-carbon monoxide and related compounds of some transitional metals". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry ... The alkene ligand in these cations is activated toward attack by nucleophiles, opening the way to a number of carbon-carbon ... "The occurrence and representation of three-centre two-electron bonds in covalent inorganic compounds". Chemical Communications ... but less soluble in carbon tetrachloride and carbon disulfide. Cp2Fe2(CO)4 is insoluble in but stable toward water. Cp2Fe2(CO)4 ...
Compounds of carbon with period 3 elements: organoaluminum compounds, organophosphorus compounds, organosulfur compounds ... Silicon carbide is an inorganic compound. Organosilicon compounds are widely encountered in commercial products. Most common ... Compounds of carbon with other group 14 elements: organogermanium compounds, organotin compounds, organolead compounds ... Unlike carbon, silicon compounds can be coordinated to five atoms as well in a group of compounds ranging from so-called ...
... s, Carbon compounds, Inorganic carbon compounds). ... These include carbon dioxide, carbon disulfide, carbon ... In the kite (or rhombic) form, a triangle of carbon has two of its atoms bonded to the heteroatom. In the fan form the hetero ... The rhombic form is known in space near the carbon star IRC+10216. CCCCO cyclises to a three-member ring. CCCCN undergoes an ... Such species are analogous to a cumulene in which the chain of doubly bonded atoms contains only carbon, except that at least ...
... a novel compound with chains of both carbon-centered and empty clusters". Inorganic Chemistry. 29 (19): 3777-3781. doi:10.1021/ ... Carbon may be substituted by hydrogen, boron or nitrogen in the core of cluster compounds. This list does not include cyanides ... Many carbide iodides are cluster compounds, containing one, two or more carbon atoms in a core, surrounded by a layer of metal ... Meyer, Gerd (February 2008). "Reduced rare-earth iodides without and with carbon". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 451 (1-2): ...
... nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of ytterbium and nitric acid with the chemical formula Yb(NO3)3. The compound forms ... Ytterbium(III) nitrate hydrate is used for nanoscale coatings of carbon composites. Also used to obtain metallic ytterbium and ... Macintyre, Jane E. (23 July 1992). Dictionary of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. p. 3621. ISBN 978-0-412-30120-9. Retrieved 19 ... Edelmann, Frank T.; Herrmann, Wolfgang A. (14 May 2014). Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 6 ...
ISBN 978-0-471-62978-8. Wojcicki, A. (1974). "Insertion Reactions of Transition Metal-Carbon σ-Bonded Compounds II. Sulfur ... Douglas, B. E.; McDaniel, D. H.; Alexander, J. J. (1994). Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry (3rd ed.). New York: John ... Such compounds are common but are mainly of theoretical interest. Historically, the study of these compounds has provided ... In these compounds the M-O interaction is usually weak. More exotic bonding modes are known for clusters. Complexes of the ...
... inorganic compounds and biomass at a rate consistent with known compostable materials." (Ref: ASTM D 6002) The term "composting ... Over the course of several days, microorganisms digest the sample bit by bit and produce carbon dioxide - the resulting amount ... compostable material also breaks down into inorganic compounds. The process for composting is more specifically defined, as it ... The degradation rate of many organic compounds is limited by their bioavailability, which is the rate at which a substance is ...
Inorganic carbon compounds, Nonmetal halides, Halomethanes). ... carbon dichloride difluoride. Each halogen (F, Cl, Br, I, At) ... thus they can be assigned both inorganic and organic names by IUPAC: tetrafluoromethane - carbon tetrafluoride, ... Tetrahalomethanes are on the border of inorganic and organic chemistry, ...
Examples of inorganic carbonyl compounds are carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulfide.[citation needed] A special group of carbonyl ... A compound containing a carbonyl group is often referred to as a carbonyl compound. The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon ... For organic compounds, the length of the C-O bond does not vary widely from 120 picometers. Inorganic carbonyls have shorter C- ... The 13C NMR of a carbonyl carbon is in the range of 160-220 ppm.[citation needed] Carbon-oxygen bond Organic chemistry ...
Chemicke tabulky anorganickych sloucenin (Chemical tables of inorganic compounds). SNTL, 1986. V. Regnault (1839) "Sur les ... IARC Monograph: "Carbon Tetrachloride" Toxicological profile for carbon tetrachloride Environmental health criteria for carbon ... Carbon tetrachloride was widely used as a dry cleaning solvent, as a refrigerant, and in lava lamps. In the last case, carbon ... Carbon tetrachloride made from heavy chlorine-37 has been used in the detection of neutrinos. One specialty use of carbon ...
Organic compounds (proteins, lipids and carbohydrates) contain the majority of the carbon and nitrogen; most of the oxygen and ... Prokaryotic chemoautotrophs also fix CO2 through the Calvin-Benson cycle, but use energy from inorganic compounds to drive the ... This process is often coupled to the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds, as part of photosynthesis, which is ... Three types of photosynthesis occur in plants, C3 carbon fixation, C4 carbon fixation and CAM photosynthesis. These differ by ...
Adams, Roy M. (September 1959). "Organoboron Compounds" (PDF). Metal-Organic Compounds. Advances in Chemistry. Vol. 23. p. 92. ... The carbon to boron bond is 1.49 Å long. The angle subtended from the bridging hydrogens to the boron to boron axis is 47°. The ... Davidson, G. (1973). "Elements of Group III". In C. C. Addison (ed.). Inorganic Chemistry of the Main-Group Elements. p. 57. ... The compound boils at −43 °C. Methyldiborane liquid has a density of 0.546 g/ml at −126° At −78.5 the vapour pressure is 55 ...
... is the inorganic compound with the formula H3BCO. This colorless gas is the adduct of borane and carbon ... The compound is mainly of theoretical and pedagogical interest. It reacts with aqueous base to give boranocarbonate H3BCO22−. ...
... is an inorganic compound with formula (NH4)HCO3. The compound has many names, reflecting its long history ... It is a colourless solid that degrades readily to carbon dioxide, water and ammonia. Ammonium bicarbonate is produced by ... This compound is used as a component in the production of fire-extinguishing compounds, pharmaceuticals, dyes, pigments, and it ... Because it entirely decomposes to volatile compounds, this allows rapid recovery of the compound of interest by freeze-drying. ...
... diarylurea synthesis from nitro compounds, amines, and carbon monoxide". J. Org. Chem. 40 2819-2822. T.Yoshino et al. (1977). " ... Infrared study of the water-chloride ion cluster in tetraethylammonium chloride hydrate". Inorganic Chemistry. 20 (11): 4013- ... Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound with the chemical formula (C2H5)4N+Cl−, sometimes written ... nitroaromatics and carbon monoxide. In other examples, such as the following, TEAC is not as effective as TEAB or TEAI: 2- ...
... compounds, Sesquioxides, Hematite group, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs, Transition metal oxides). ... It is a black solid prepared by reduction of V2O5 with hydrogen or carbon monoxide. It is a basic oxide dissolving in acids to ... Vanadium(III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula V2O3. ... ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. E.M. Page, S.A.Wass (1994),Vanadium:Inorganic and Coordination chemistry, Encyclopedia of Inorganic ...
... is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CSe2. It is a yellow-orange oily liquid with pungent odor ... It is the selenium analogue of carbon disulfide (CS2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). This light-sensitive compound is insoluble in ... 2005). "Poly(Carbon Disulfide), Poly(Carbon Diselenide), and Polythiocyanogen". Inorganic Polymers. 21. doi:10.1002/14356007. ... Inorganic carbon compounds, Foul-smelling chemicals, Dichalcogenides, IV-VI semiconductors). ...
... is an inorganic compound with the formula Cs2AgBiBr6. Being a stable double perovskite ... material, it is applied to photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. Dicaesium silver hexabromobismuthate can be synthesized ... Caesium compounds, Silver compounds, Bismuth compounds, Bromo complexes). ...
Boron-Hydrogen compounds, "22. The History of Carbon Monoxide". Longmans, Green and Company. p. 907. Harrington (1801). The ... Gmelin, L (1849). Hand-book of Chemistry: Inorganic chemistry. Cavendish Society. p. 87. Cooley, AJ (1897). Cooley's Cyclopædia ... Foell, H. "History of Carbon". University of Kiel. Retrieved 2021-11-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) "Carbon ... protoxide William Cruickshank discovered the composition of carbon monoxide and named it gaseous oxide of carbon. Cruickshank ...
Mixotrophic protists obtain nutrients through organic and inorganic carbon compounds simultaneously. All cells have a plasma ... Amoebiasis can be treated with the administration of anti-amoebic compounds, this often includes the use of Metronidazole, ... Protists are chemoorganotrophic [organisms which oxidize the chemical bonds in organic compounds as their energy source] and ...
... also refers to chemical compounds large families of inorganic and organic compounds, e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl ... whereas carbon disulfide has no S-S bond, being S=C=S (linear molecule analog to CO2). Most often in sulfur chemistry and in ... Sulfide (British English also sulphide) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2− or a compound containing ... Sulfide compounds can be prepared in several different ways: Direct combination of elements: Example: Fe(s) + S(s) → FeS(s) ...
The two best described pathways involve the use of acetic acid or inorganic carbon dioxide as terminal electron acceptors: CO2 ... However, depending on pH and temperature, methanogenesis has been shown to use carbon from other small organic compounds, such ... During advanced stages of organic decay, all electron acceptors become depleted except carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a ... Fermentation only allows the breakdown of larger organic compounds, and produces small organic compounds. Methanogenesis ...
... obtain energy by the chemical oxidation of inorganic compounds and can grow in dark environments, such as the sulfur bacterium ... Ecologists employ stoichiometry to analyze the ratios of the main elements found in all organisms: carbon (C), nitrogen (N), ... For example, certain plant species in the Castilleja and Plantago genera have been found to produce defensive compounds called ... The field of chemical ecology has elucidated multitrophic interactions that entail the transfer of defensive compounds across ...
... polymers Metal-inorganic framework Organometallic chemistry Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks Solid sorbents for carbon capture ( ... A coordination polymer is a coordination compound with repeating coordination entities extending in one, two, or three ... A coordination network is a coordination compound extending, through repeating coordination entities, in one dimension, but ... with cross-links between two or more individual chains, loops, or spiro-links, or a coordination compound extending through ...
... compounds, Bromides, Metal halides, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs). ... It can be used in place of palladium in the Stille reaction, which couples two carbon atoms using an organotin compound. http ... Manganese(II) bromide is the chemical compound composed of manganese and bromine with the formula MnBr2. ... Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Chemicals using indexlabels, Chemical articles with multiple CAS registry numbers ...
Ambient carbon dioxide, due to its acidity, has a slight solubilizing effect on calcite. The overall reaction is CaCO3(s) + H2O ... Trilobites, which became extinct a quarter billion years ago, had unique compound eyes that used clear calcite crystals to form ... Calcite seas existed in Earth's history when the primary inorganic precipitate of calcium carbonate in marine waters was low- ... These processes can be traced by the specific carbon isotope composition of the calcites, which are extremely depleted in the ...
If their electron and hydrogen donors are inorganic compounds (e.g. Na 2S 2O 3, as in some purple sulfur bacteria, or H 2S, as ... and an inorganic electron donor (e.g., H2O, H2, H2S), and CO2 as its carbon source. Examples include plants.[citation needed] ... Such organisms derive their energy for food synthesis from light and are capable of using carbon dioxide as their principal ... are organisms that depend solely on light for their energy and principally on organic compounds for their carbon. ...
It was named in-line with the Hantzsch-Widman nomenclature and is part of a family of heterocyclic compounds, where it exists ... The use of this method is becoming less common, due to carbon tetrachloride being restricted under the Montreal protocol. The ... Inorganic Chemistry. 42 (8): 2805-13. doi:10.1021/ic034070t. PMID 12691592. i. Meyers, A.; Ann Hanagan, M.; l. Mazzu, A. (1981 ... Oxazoline is a five-membered heterocyclic chemical compound containing one atom each of oxygen and nitrogen. It was likely ...
... carbon, boron and even gold, as well as perxenic acid, several halides, and complex ions.[citation needed] The compound [Xe2]+[ ... are compounds of noble gases in which they are trapped within cavities of crystal lattices of certain organic and inorganic ... Krypton compounds with other than Kr-F bonds (compounds with atoms other than fluorine) have also been described. KrF2 reacts ... In chemistry, noble gas compounds are chemical compounds that include an element from the noble gases, group 18 of the periodic ...
... is an inorganic compound, with a chemical formula of Pr2(CO3)3. The anhydrous form is olive green, ... Praseodymium(III) carbonate is soluble in acids, and emits carbon dioxide: Pr2(CO3)3 + 6 H+ → 2 Pr3+ + 3 H2O + 3 CO2↑ However, ... Praseodymium(III) carbonate forms compounds with N2H4, such as Pr2(CO3)3•12N2H4•5H2O which is a pale green crystal that is ... Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Chemicals using indexlabels, Chemical articles with multiple CAS registry numbers ...
Foscolos AE, Powell TG, Gunther PR (1976). "The use of clay minerals and inorganic and organic geochemical indicators for ... Organic matter is mineralized, liberating gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) in the porewater, which, depending on the conditions, ... carbohydrates and lignin-humic compounds) break down due to the increase in temperature and pressure. This transformation ... Diagenesis alters the proportions of organic collagen and inorganic components (hydroxyapatite, calcium, magnesium) of bone ...
The bodies of mosses are rich in organic and inorganic compounds. When these die they add these compounds to the soil, ... The rain water combines with atmospheric carbon dioxide that corrodes the surface of the rocks and produce crevices. Water ...
These techniques prevent the compounds from reacting with components of air, usually water and oxygen; less commonly carbon ... Sigma-Aldrich.[permanent dead link] R. John Errington (3 July 1997). Advanced practical inorganic and metalorganic chemistry. ... Air-free techniques refer to a range of manipulations in the chemistry laboratory for the handling of compounds that are air- ... Because of this, many experimentalists choose to handle such compounds using Schlenk techniques. In the more liberal use of ...
... (commonly known in a dilute solution as bleach) is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula NaOCl ( ... As of 1994, not all the byproducts had been identified, but identified compounds include chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.[ ... The anhydrous compound is unstable and may decompose explosively. It can be crystallized as a pentahydrate NaOCl·5H 2O, a pale ... These compounds may be formed during household storage and use as well during industrial use. For example, when household ...
found that if the alloy contains any pair of elements that tend to form ordered compounds in their binary system, a multi- ... Kao, W. H.; Su, Y. L.; Horng, J. H.; Wu, H. M. (2021-01-01). "Effects of carbon doping on mechanical, tribological, structural ... Inorganic Chemistry. 57 (4): 2103-2110. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03004. PMID 29389120. Edalati, P.; Floriano, R.; Mohammadi ... Even then, attempts in a laboratory don't guarantee that a theoretically possible compound is physically possible, let alone ...
PFCs, also known as fluorocarbons, are inert, water-insoluble, synthetic compounds, consisting primarily of carbon and fluorine ... Transition metal complexes are widely known to play important roles in erythropoiesis; as such, inorganic supplementation is ... Myo-inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP), also known as compound number OXY111A, is an allosteric effector of hemoglobin which ... especially oxygen and carbon dioxide. Some of these molecules can dissolve 100 times more oxygen than plasma. PFCs are ...
In the nickel compound Ni(C2H4)(PPh3)2 the value is 143 pm. The interaction also causes carbon atoms to "rehybridise" from sp2 ... ISBN 0-13-035471-6.. Herrmann/Brauer: Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry Georg Thieme, Stuttgart, 1996 ... Both of these effects tend to reduce the carbon-carbon bond order, leading to an elongated C−C distance and a lowering of its ... The alkene donates electron density into a π-acid metal d-orbital from a π-symmetry bonding orbital between the carbon atoms. ...
However, the bonds between the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) atoms in cyanide are of the covalent type, so that each carbon is ... In melted ionic compounds, the ions continue to be attracted to each other, but not in any ordered or crystalline way. Covalent ... Housecroft, Catherine E.; Sharpe, Alan G. (2005). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Pearson Prentice-Hal. p. 100. ISBN 0130-39913- ... The figure shows methane (CH4), in which each hydrogen forms a covalent bond with the carbon. See sigma bonds and pi bonds for ...
A well known example is carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. This applies to binary oxides, that is, compounds containing only ... "Organometallic Oxides of Main Group and Transition Elements Downsizing Inorganic Solids to Small Molecular Fragments". Chem. ... Carbon monoxide is the product of the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels and a precursor to many useful chemicals. ... Examples of molecular oxides are carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. All simple oxides of nitrogen are molecular, e.g., NO, N2O ...
... is a molecule with the connectivity Cl−C≡N. Carbon and chlorine are linked by a single bond, and carbon and ... Inorganic Syntheses. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 2. pp. 90-94. doi:10.1002/9780470132333.ch25. ISBN 9780470132333. Vrijland, M. S ... Chlorine compounds, Cyano compounds, Nonmetal halides, Blood agents, Pseudohalogens). ... Cyanogen chloride is a highly toxic chemical compound with the formula CNCl. This linear, triatomic pseudohalogen is an easily ...
Inorganic Chemistry 2009, volume 48, p4342-4353 "Cyanide (inorganic) compounds fact sheet". National Pollutant Inventory ... Common nitrogen and carbon sources were torrified horn, leather scrap, offal, or dried blood. It was also obtained commercially ... Potassium ferrocyanide is the inorganic compound with formula K4[Fe(CN)6]·3H2O. It is the potassium salt of the coordination ... Historically, the compound was manufactured from organic compounds containing nitrogen, iron filings, and potassium carbonate. ...
Portals: Chemistry Energy Science (Electrolytes, Sodium compounds, Lithium compounds, Phosphates). ... Knauth, P. (2009). "Inorganic solid Li ion conductors: An overview". Solid State Ionics. 180 (14-16): 911-916. doi:10.1016/j. ... Hu, Qiao; Yu, Mufan; Liao, Jiaying; Wen, Zhaoyin; Chen, Chunhua (2018-01-30). "Porous carbon-coated NaTi2(PO4)3 with superior ... it is also used for similar compounds where Na, Zr and/or Si are replaced by isovalent elements. NASICON compounds have high ...
... is the chemical compound with the formula Hg2Cl2. Also known as the mineral calomel (a rare mineral) or ... Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2004). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. pp. 696-697. ISBN 978-0-13-039913-7. ... ammonium chloride and carbon dioxide are produced. 2 HgCl2 + (NH4)2C2O4 Light→ Hg2Cl2(s) + 2 [NH+ 4][Cl−] + 2 CO2 This ... These medicinal uses were later discontinued when the compound's toxicity was discovered. It has also found uses in cosmetics ...
Cannabis smoke contains thousands of organic and inorganic chemical compounds. This tar is chemically similar to that found in ... Hopper, Christopher P.; Zambrana, Paige N.; Goebel, Ulrich; Wollborn, Jakob (June 2021). "A brief history of carbon monoxide ... There are similar compounds in cannabis that do not exhibit psychoactive response but are obligatory for functionality: ... The THC molecule, and related compounds, are usually detectable in drug tests from 3 days up to 10 days according to Redwood ...
The main focus is liquid phase exfoliation of layered crystals such as graphite and inorganic layered compounds. This produces ... He has also performed research on other nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and metallic nanowires. In addition to his ...
It has been attributed to the blockage of emitted light by a number of sources such as the sea floor, and inorganic and organic ... ATP, which is a fundamental compound in the luciferase reaction, is utilized and in the second step, oxyluciferin is produced. ... often there is a concurrent release of carbon dioxide (CO2). For example, the firefly luciferin/luciferase reaction requires ... and demonstrated that the process was related to the oxidation of a specific compound, which he named luciferin, by an enzyme. ...
... and migratory insertion of the alkene into the carbon-palladium bond establishes the key carbon-carbon bond. Insertion takes ... Potassium carbonate is the most common base employed, and inorganic bases are generally used more often than organic bases. A ... The reaction may be used to produce carbocyclic or heterocyclic organic compounds with a variety of ring sizes. Chiral ... Similarly, β-hydride elimination is not possible if a hydrogen syn to the palladium-carbon bond is not available. Thus, ...
Reduction of carbon disulfide with sodium affords sodium 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate together with sodium ... Sodium 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate is the organosulfur compound with the formula Na2C3S5, abbreviated Na2dmit. It is ... Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic Chemistry, University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA.ISBN 0935702482 W.T.A.Harrison, R.A. ...
Ti and Ta carbides have high melting points due to covalent carbon networks although carbon vacancies often exist in these ... Most research conducted in the last two decades has focused on improving the performance of the two most promising compounds ... have synthesized ZrB2 powders using the inorganic-organic precursors ZrOCl2•8H2O, boric acid and phenolic resin at 1,500 °C. ... Mechanical behaviour of carbon fibre reinforced TaC/SiC and ZrC/SiC composites up to 2100 ℃. J Eur Ceram Soc 2019, 39: 780-787 ...
Carbon and its Inorganic Compounds, from the edited h2g2, the Unconventional Guide to Life, the Universe and Everything ... Carbon-Sulphur Compounds. The simplest sulphur compound of carbon is carbon disulphide, CS2. It is a pale yellow toxic liquid ... In addition to the vast array of nitrogen-containing organic compounds, carbon also forms a wide range of inorganic compounds ... These compounds also contain hydrogen but are not the main focus of this Entry. In this Entry the inorganic chemistry of carbon ...
Inorganic Silicon compounds. Silica, vitreous. 60676-86-0. 216.956800. 89.800000. 58.267708. Inorganic compounds. Carbon Black ... Inorganic Silicon compounds. Silicon. 7440-21-3. 15.386000. 98.000000. 4.132191. Miscellaneous substances. Other miscellaneous ... Lead and its compounds. Lead, metallic lead and lead alloys. 7439-92-1. 0.016140. 0.017000. 0.004335. ... Lead and its compounds. Lead, metallic lead and lead alloys. 7439-92-1. 0.002002. 0.020000. 0.000538. ...
Carbon tetrachloride; other halogenated compounds when in contact with iron; strong oxidizers; alkyl aluminums; inorganic ...
... inorganic acids, aldehydes including formaldehyde, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), elemental carbon, and volatile ... inorganic acids; aldehydes; formaldehyde; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PAHs; volatile organic compounds; VOCs; metals; ... Health-hazard-evaluation; Fire-investigators; Aldehydes; Inorganic-acids; Fires; Protection; Respiration; Respirable-dust; ... Metals; Hydrogen-cyanide; Volatile-organic-compounds; Bureau-of-Alcohol-Tobacco-and-Firearms; Polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons ...
When tin is combined with chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen, it is called an inorganic tin compound. Inorganic tin compounds are ... Tin also can combine with carbon to form organotin compounds. These compounds are used in making plastics, food packages, ... inorganic tin compounds. In water, organic tin compounds are mostly attached to particles in water. Organic tin compounds may ... Your body can rid itself of most inorganic tin in weeks, but some can stay in your body for 2-3 months. Inorganic tin compounds ...
Science quotes on: , Atom (377) , Basis (176) , Bound (120) , Call (772) , Carbon (67) , Complex (196) , Compound (115) , ... Science quotes on: , Chemistry (365) , Compound (115) , Difference (347) , Inorganic Chemistry (4) , Organic (159) , Organic ... In inorganic chemistry the radicals are simple; in organic chemistry they are compounds-that is the sole difference. ... is destined to serve as a basis for the theory of the constitution of inorganic compounds, just as valence theory formed the ...
"They are generally compounds based on carbon bonds, called organic " "compounds." #: ../../es/material-plasticos.rst:28 msgid " ... On the contrary, silicones are based on long silicon chains, forming" " inorganic polymers." #: ../../es/material-plasticos.rst ... "Most polymers are organic compounds because they are based on long carbon " "chains. ... "Another very frequent use is the production of fiberglass or carbon fiber " "panels, used to make boats, racing car fairings, ...
Inorganic chemistry: This branch is involved in the study of inorganic compounds such as salts. It includes the study of the ... Inorganic chemists would probably say that it is the study of everything except carbon, which they leave to the organic ... Inorganic chemistry:,/b, This branch is involved in the study of inorganic compounds such as salts. It includes the study of ... Inorganic chemistry:,/b, This branch is involved in the study of inorganic compounds such as salts. It includes the study of ...
Photosynthetic organisms are capable of generating organic compounds through photosynthesis. These organisms include plants, ... In photosynthesis, the inorganic compounds of carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight are used by photoautotrophs to produce ... Inorganic compounds (carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight) are used to produce glucose, oxygen, and water. Photosynthetic ... Carbon dioxide is converted to carbohydrates in a process known as carbon fixation or the Calvin cycle. The carbohydrates can ...
... while the Calvin Benson-Bassham cycle is the most prevalent inorganic carbon fixation pathway in both size fractions. ... Whereas inorganic carbon fixation is energetically costly19, mixotrophy, i.e., carrying out chemolithoautotrophic inorganic ... Bacteria and archaea in the oxygenated water column of the dark ocean use a variety of reduced inorganic compounds, such as ... 7). The Ahrensia MAG also contained the RuBisCo gene for inorganic carbon fixation and it was present in over 40% of the ...
OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2 ... 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2 * 229950008597 drug INN Drugs 0.000 description 2 ... PXUQTDZNOHRWLI-OXUVVOBNSA-O malvidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C=2C(=CC=3C(O)=CC(O)=CC=3[O+]=2)O[C@ ... BFPSDSIWYFKGBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorotrianisene Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(Cl)=C(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 ...
Sources of organic compounds in food. Organic compounds are a major class of chemical compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen ... They are found in plants, animals, and some inorganic substances. These compounds are essential for life. They include the most ... Organic compounds are substances that contain carbon atoms and share electrons with other carbon atoms, creating a long chain. ... Carbon and hydrogen are two elements that commonly group together, and these compounds are called hydrocarbons. These ...
Inorganic pollutants: particles, SO2, NOx, CO, etc.. *Organic pollutants: total organic carbon (TOC), individual organic ... compounds. *Auxiliary parameters: flow, oxygen, temperature, pressure, etc.. We have a wide range of calibration equipment and ...
... total organic carbon, TOC; chemical oxygen demand, COD; total nitrogen, TN and total phosphate, TP) and inorganic compounds ( ... The amount of the organic compounds in the sample water was much lower compared to the standard value. Measurements of the ... advanced oxidation technology (AOT), heterotrophic, coliform, Escherichia coli, disinfestations, total organic carbon (TOC), ...
Organo-metal compounds are defined as organic compounds that contain at least one metal or metalloid atom bound to a carbon ... According to Annex XIII of regulation (EC) 1907/2006 a PBT and vPvB assessment shall not apply to inorganic substances, but ... considered as an inorganic substance, and thus a PBT and vPvB assessment is not required. ...
Types of carbon compounds, their nomenclature, reactions, and physical properties. Three hours lecture per week. ... CHEM 4400 - Inorganic Chemistry I. 3 credit hours. Prerequisites: CHEM 1120 or equivalent; CHEM 3010 recommended. The basic ... of inorganic chemistry and how these are used to predict and understand the physical and chemical properties of compounds of ... Nutrient requirements, nutrient availability in soils, soil acidity and liming, organic and inorganic fertilizers, and ...
... major inorganic anions and cations, dissolved hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane gases, and organic compounds, in addition ... genetic sequencing in order to identify the types of life that can live within the extreme conditions of low energy and carbon ...
... into simple organic compounds. Some of the carbon in these simple organic compounds becomes part of the microbial biomass and ... Plants mainly use inorganic forms of nitrogen, such as ammonium and nitrate, which are products of microbial transformations. ... The more stable fraction of soil organic matter, humus, is also a source of carbon for microorganisms. Organic compounds found ... Most soil microorganisms use organic compounds in soil organic matter as carbon and energy sources. Some soil organisms feed ...
Chlorofluorocarbons are inorganic, synthetic compounds entirely produced by industrial activities. Chlorofluorocarbons not only ... Carbon dioxide is released through deforestation, biomass burning, conversion of land to agriculture, and the burning of fossil ... Harnessing this energy requires solar cells and solar cell production emits greenhouse gasses that are worse than carbon ... Zehner writes, "As a greenhouse gas hexafluoroethane is twelve thousand times more potent than carbon dioxide … nitrogen ...
... and reactions of compounds that contain direct metal-carbon bonds. Emphasis is placed on the role these compounds play as ... Foundations in Inorganic Chem 4 Description of course Foundations in Inorganic Chem : This is a foundational course that ... Adv Inorganic Chemistry 4 Description of course Adv Inorganic Chemistry : A study of the preparation, structure, bonding and ... Students will learn the preparation, structure and bonding of inorganic compounds. Selected topics include atomic structure and ...
... the latter is where bacteria harness inorganic compounds like hydrogen sulfide to fix carbon. ... also known as carbon fixation or carbon sink - was similarly occurring in other places around the world. ... "By looking at the environmental parameters in the soil, thats how we knew there was low carbon, low moisture and other factors ... A/Prof Ferrari said the researchers findings meant that microbes which use trace gases as their energy and carbon source to ...
Potassium carbonate is an inorganic compound important to many industries and its use is as old as recorded history. Centuries ... Potassium bicarbonate is produced by reacting potassium carbonate liquid with carbon dioxide, then recrystallizing it. All ... Sodium silicate is the generic name for a series of compounds derived from soluble sodium silicate glasses. They are aqueous ... is reacted with carbon dioxide to form potassium carbonate. Potassium carbonate is used in the manufacturing of video glass and ...
No data are available on the partition coefficient of purely inorganic aluminium compounds as, in accordance with column 2 of ... aluminium is expected to decompose rapidly to carbon dioxide, water and inorganic aluminium species. At environmental pH (ca ... As aluminium compounds are abundant in nature the adsorption/desorption of aluminium in the environment is not expected to be ... The dissociation and biodegradation in the environment of the substances would result in carbon dioxide, water and hydrated ...
Typically, traditional calcium-based compounds (i.e. Portland cement, lime), and organic polymers are used to improve the ... Geopolymers are a family of inorganic polymers that have recently received much attention as an alternative to ordinary ... However, traditional calcium-based stabilizers have a high carbon footprint while organic polymers have durability issues. ... which lowers its impact on the environment and carbon footprint. Although there are already many studies in the past decade or ...
... have large protein-shell bacterial microcompartments called carboxysomes which have been seen to take up inorganic carbon and ... efficiently "fix" it into organic compounds that can then be used by living organisms ,ref>[https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126 ... Though the symbiosis, the ,i>Nostoc,/i> acquire a protected area to live and obtain carbon from the ,i>Gunnera,/i> since it is ... The growth of the gland is further sped up if the plant is also experiencing surroundings with high levels of carbon from ...
... the study of compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen, studies hydrocarbons Inorganic Chemistry- studies all the elements and ... Inorganic chemistry. ï‚· Periodicity. ï‚· Group 2, the alkaline earth metals. ï‚· Group 7, the halogens. ï‚· Properties of Period 3 ... their compounds except carbon Analytical Chemistry- concerned with the separation, identification and composition of matter. ... It covers the three main areas of chemistry; physical, inorganic and organic.. Physical chemistry. ï‚· Atomic structure. ï‚· Amount ...
Section 2.8) (b) The substance will be listed as an inorganic compound. It contains no carbon-carbon bonds, or C--H bonds, ... Solution (a) The compound is named carbon disulfide, in analogy with the naming of other binary molecular compounds. • ( ... Intermolecular Forces Phase Diagram of Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide cannot exist in the liquid state at pressures below 5.11 ... would you look under the physical properties of inorganic or organic compounds? Explain. (c) How would you classify CS2(s) as ...
Mercury-compounds; Polynuclear-aromatic-hydrocarbons; Silica-dusts; Author Keywords: asbestos; cadmium; carbon monoxide; ... inorganic acids, mercury and other metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, respirable particulate not otherwise regulated ( ... Samples were collected and analyzed for asbestos, carbon monoxide (CO), chlorodifluoromethane (Freon 22), diesel exhaust, ... Occupational-exposure; Occupational-hazards; Asbestos-dust; Cadmium-compounds; Cadmium-dust; Emergency-responders; Emergency- ...
NaNH2 is an inorganic compound because it lacks carbon. Sodium amide is used in many organic syntheses. Sodium amide is a ... Sodium amide is an inorganic compound made of ammonium and sodium. It is an inorganic reagent utilised in various organic ... Acetylide ion is a nucleophile and can react with alkyl halide actively forming carbon-carbon bonds. ... NaNH2 is a strong base that reacts with an organic compound to form acetylide as depicted in the given image. ...
  • Before we discovered this new carbon sink process, the two main known chemotrophic forms were photosynthesis and geothermal chemotrophy - the latter is where bacteria harness inorganic compounds like hydrogen sulfide to fix carbon. (newswise.com)
  • combined with oxygen, chlorine, and sulfur to form inorganic arsenic compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • plants combines with carbon and hydrogen to form organic arsenic compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Inorganic arsenic compounds are mainly used to preserve wood. (cdc.gov)
  • Many common arsenic compounds can dissolve in Skin contact with inorganic arsenic may cause redness water. (cdc.gov)
  • most of of organic arsenic compounds in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • During these fire scene examinations, environmental samples were collected for total and respirable dust, metals, hydrogen cyanide , inorganic acids, aldehydes including formaldehyde, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), elemental carbon, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). (cdc.gov)
  • The atmosphere contains approximately 0.03% carbon dioxide by volume from which a huge variety of biological compounds are derived. (h2g2.com)
  • Heterotrophic ( hetero- , -trophic ) organisms, such as animals, most bacteria , and fungi , are not capable of photosynthesis or of producing biological compounds from inorganic sources. (thoughtco.com)
  • Chemistry Ch. 1-2 Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry Key Terms Branches of Chemistry Chemistry- the study structure, properties, and composition of substances, and the changes that substances undergo Organic Chemistry- the study of compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen, studies hydrocarbons Inorganic Chemistry- studies all the elements and their compounds except carbon Analytical Chemistry- concerned with the separation, identification and composition of matter. (majortests.com)
  • Inorganic compounds that contain carbon as an integral part of the molecule but are not derived from hydrocarbons. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ammonia and CO oxidation pathways are enriched in the free-living microbial communities and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and H 2 oxidation pathways in the particle-attached, while the Calvin Benson-Bassham cycle is the most prevalent inorganic carbon fixation pathway in both size fractions. (nature.com)
  • Carbon dioxide is converted to carbohydrates in a process known as carbon fixation or the Calvin cycle. (thoughtco.com)
  • There are whole ecosystems probably relying on this novel microbial carbon fixation process where microbes use the energy obtained from breathing in atmospheric hydrogen gas to turn carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into carbon - in order to grow," she said. (newswise.com)
  • The study's lead author, UNSW PhD candidate Angelique Ray, said one of the big questions the team had when they finished their previous study was whether this new process of atmospheric chemosynthesis - also known as carbon fixation or carbon sink - was similarly occurring in other places around the world. (newswise.com)
  • The researchers extracted DNA from the soil samples and then sequenced the DNA to detect the target genes responsible for the process of carbon fixation. (newswise.com)
  • So, we correlated the target genes for the carbon fixation process against the different sites and found the locations which are drier and lower in nutrients - carbon and nitrogen - had a greater potential to support this process, which made sense. (newswise.com)
  • Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (abbreviated as GAPDH or less commonly as G3PDH) ( EC 1.2.1.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis and thus serves to break down glucose for energy and carbon molecules. (bionity.com)
  • Finally, a molecule of inorganic phosphate attacks the thioester and forms a tetrahedral intermediate, which then collapses to release 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, and the thiol group of the enzyme's cysteine residue. (bionity.com)
  • Although the total number of NPL sites evaluated for these substances is not known, the possibility exists that the number of sites at which tin and organotin compounds are found may increase in the future as more sites are evaluated. (cdc.gov)
  • According to Annex XIII of regulation (EC) 1907/2006 a PBT and vPvB assessment shall not apply to inorganic substances, but shall apply to organo-metal. (europa.eu)
  • The dissociation and biodegradation in the environment of the substances would result in carbon dioxide, water and hydrated aluminium oxide species. (europa.eu)
  • No data are available on the partition coefficient of purely inorganic aluminium compounds as, in accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VII, the partition coefficient studies do not need to be conducted as the substances are inorganic. (europa.eu)
  • What is the valency of carbon in carbon monoxide? (samacheerkalvi.guru)
  • Pollutants of major public health concern include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. (who.int)
  • We estimated nicotine mouth level intake (MLI) from analyses of little cigar filter butt solanesol levels, brand characteristics, carbon monoxide boost, and puff volume in 48 dual cigarette/cigar users during two repeat bouts of ad lib smoking of three little filtered cigar brands. (cdc.gov)
  • Sodium amide quickly absorbed water and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. (vedantu.com)
  • The C 4+ is not observed but C 4- may exist in compounds which are called carbides formed with highly electropositive metals. (h2g2.com)
  • Along with the other first row non-metals, carbon can form C=C double bonds and C≡C triple bonds through sideways overlap of atomic p orbitals and these can be incorporated into the carbon-carbon bonded frameworks of its compounds, giving rigidity since these bonds can't rotate. (h2g2.com)
  • When tin is combined with chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen, it is called an inorganic tin compound. (cdc.gov)
  • Organic tin compounds can be degraded (by exposure to sunlight and by bacteria) into inorganic tin compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Since the level of cosmic rays is pretty much constant, this labelled carbon dioxide maintains a steady concentration in the atmosphere and is taken up by plants during photosynthesis , thereby incorporating 14 C atoms in their structures. (h2g2.com)
  • Plants play an important role in the cycle of nutrients, specifically carbon and oxygen. (thoughtco.com)
  • 4. Rich in organic potassium and food grade mineral elements, scientific ratio of organic and inorganic nutrients can promote fruit expansion and prolong the preservation life. (plant-growthregulators.com)
  • Acetylide ion is a nucleophile and can react with alkyl halide actively forming carbon-carbon bonds. (vedantu.com)
  • NaNH 2 is a strong basic compound that is used in many chemical reactions as a catalyst. (vedantu.com)
  • What are the chemical reactions of carbon? (samacheerkalvi.guru)
  • Tin is a metal that can combine with other chemicals to form various compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • If you work in a job that may expose you to arsenic, of methyl and dimethyl compounds can cause diarrhea be aware that you may carry arsenic home on your and damage to the kidneys. (cdc.gov)
  • The adsorption/desorption study was not conducted as (benzoato-O,O')hydroxy(octadecanoato-O,O')aluminium is expected to decompose rapidly to carbon dioxide, water and inorganic aluminium species. (europa.eu)
  • As aluminium compounds are abundant in nature the adsorption/desorption of aluminium in the environment is not expected to be scientifically relevant. (europa.eu)
  • This is the 6th step of the breakdown of glucose ( glycolysis ), an important pathway of energy and carbon molecule supply located in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. (bionity.com)
  • Photosynthetic organisms, known as photoautotrophs, capture the energy from sunlight and use it to produce organic compounds through the process of photosynthesis. (thoughtco.com)
  • A/Prof Ferrari said the researchers' findings meant that microbes which use trace gases as their energy and carbon source to grow - unlike photosynthesis which uses light - was not a process isolated to Antarctica. (newswise.com)
  • The chemistry of carbon is almost totally covalent in nature though some Ionic species are known. (h2g2.com)
  • Because in metal carboxylates, the metal is only bound to the negatively charged oxygen in the carboxyl group via an ionic bond, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, molybdenum salt is considered as an inorganic substance, and thus a PBT and vPvB assessment is not required. (europa.eu)
  • Carbon does not form ionic compounds. (samacheerkalvi.guru)
  • Carbon shares electrons only through covalent bonding, hence it does not form ionic compounds. (samacheerkalvi.guru)
  • Compound C00118 at KEGG Pathway Database. (bionity.com)
  • Some organisms are capable of capturing the energy from sunlight and using it to produce organic compounds. (thoughtco.com)
  • Thus it has been estimated that there are of the order of 22 million organic (carbon-based) compounds 1 . (h2g2.com)
  • This property of carbon itself is the reason for the presence of large number of organic carbon compounds. (samacheerkalvi.guru)
  • Each carbon has three covalent bonds. (samacheerkalvi.guru)
  • Catenation is the binding of an element to itself or with other elements through covalent bonds to form an open chain or closed chain compounds. (samacheerkalvi.guru)
  • Carbon atom links repeatedly to itself through covalent bond to form linear chain, branched-chain or ring structure. (samacheerkalvi.guru)
  • There can be tin metal as well as inorganic and organic tin compounds in the air, water, and soil near places where they are naturally present in the rocks, mined, manufactured, or used. (cdc.gov)
  • The time each tin compound stays in air, water, or soil differs from compound to compound. (cdc.gov)
  • Organic tin compounds stick to soil, sediment, and particles in water. (cdc.gov)
  • By looking at the environmental parameters in the soil, that's how we knew there was low carbon, low moisture and other factors at play," she said. (newswise.com)
  • In water, organic tin compounds are mostly attached to particles in water. (cdc.gov)
  • Organic tin compounds may also settle out of the water into sediments and may remain unchanged for years. (cdc.gov)
  • Organic tin compounds may be taken up into the tissues of animals that live in water containing these compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • The amount of the organic compounds in the sample water was much lower compared to the standard value. (slu.se)
  • The carbon enzyme organic water-soluble fertilizer is more conducive to the absorption of crops. (plant-growthregulators.com)
  • Ingesting or breathing low levels of inorganic arsenic for It can only change its form. (cdc.gov)
  • Tin also can combine with carbon to form organotin compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • By investigating places outside Antarctica, we can determine how significant the contribution of this new form of chemotrophy is to the global carbon budget," she said. (newswise.com)
  • NaNH 2 is a strong base that reacts with an organic compound to form acetylide as depicted in the given image. (vedantu.com)
  • How does carbon form catenated compounds? (samacheerkalvi.guru)
  • Unsaturated carbon compounds are called alkenes as they have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. (samacheerkalvi.guru)
  • Sodium silicate is the generic name for a series of compounds derived from soluble sodium silicate glasses. (oxy.com)
  • Sodium amide is an inorganic compound made of ammonium and sodium. (vedantu.com)
  • Sodium cyanide can be obtained in high yield by mixing sodium amide and carbon. (vedantu.com)
  • Carbon makes up 0.08% of the Earth's crust, occurring in its elementary state as graphite, diamond and coal. (h2g2.com)
  • There are several known allotropes (natural structural forms of the element) of carbon, which include graphite, diamond, linear acetylenic carbon (LAC) and the fullerenes. (h2g2.com)
  • Inorganic tin compounds are found in small amounts in the earth's crust. (cdc.gov)
  • Aquatic plants and land plants ( flowering plants , mosses, and ferns) help to regulate atmospheric carbon by removing carbon dioxide from the air. (thoughtco.com)
  • But now we have found the genes involved in this process are abundant in cold deserts, although we are yet to study hot deserts, our finding probably indicates atmospheric chemosynthesis is contributing to the global carbon budget. (newswise.com)
  • Carbon is second only to hydrogen in the number of compounds that it forms. (h2g2.com)
  • An important feature of the chemistry of carbon and which forms the basis of organic chemistry , is the ability of the element to catenate . (h2g2.com)
  • compounds are less toxic than inorganic forms. (cdc.gov)
  • Carbon is the most common element which undergoes catenation and forms long-chain compounds. (samacheerkalvi.guru)
  • These tests can on Cancer (IARC) has determined that inorganic arsenic is determine if you have been exposed to above-average carcinogenic to humans. (cdc.gov)
  • RÉSUMÉ Afin d'atteindre les objectifs de santé fixés par le pays pour 2011-2016, une analyse qualitative de l'exposition aux facteurs de risque de cancer au Qatar a été conduite en 2013. (who.int)
  • Les risques de cancer les plus élevés pour les Qatariens proviendraient de facteurs associés aux modes de vie, en particulier l'obésité, la sédentarité et le tabagisme. (who.int)
  • It was later decided to include nitions of carcinogens were based on pollution, occupational exposure to a review of lifestyle factors that are the January 2013 list of agents classified carcinogenic compounds, and lifestyle known to influence cancer risk. (who.int)
  • This unique approach of making functional nanomaterials incorporate the nucleobase, PMA and metal ions using solid state self-assembly and their anti-cancer applications are considered to be an effective approach for the development of inorganic nucleoside analogue bio-pharmaceutical agents. (bvsalud.org)
  • In general, organic tin compounds are from human-made sources and do not occur naturally in the environment. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, geopolymer can be synthesized from various sources of waste materials (e.g., fly ash, steel slag) and natural materials (e.g., rice husk, volcanic ash, clay), which lowers its impact on the environment and carbon footprint. (trb.org)
  • He welded on new A36 mild carbon steel using a shielded metal arc welding (or stick) process. (cdc.gov)
  • He welded on low-carbon mild steel using Metal Inert Gas (MIG) with solid or flux core wire and 75% argon/25% carbon dioxide shield gas. (cdc.gov)
  • Because of this, all plants and animals have a minute but measurable quantity of this isotope (1.2 x 10 -10 % of total carbon). (h2g2.com)
  • Some people also make a link to the role of carbon dioxide in the potentially devastating consequences of global warming . (h2g2.com)
  • The magnetic properties of its nucleus enable it to act as an effective natural marker for the characterisation of carbon-containing compounds in 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. (h2g2.com)
  • At high levels, inorganic arsenic can cause death. (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing high levels of inorganic arsenic can give you a sore throat or irritated lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • However, traditional calcium-based stabilizers have a high carbon footprint while organic polymers have durability issues. (trb.org)
  • Tin and organotin compounds have been found in at least 214 and 8, respectively, of the 1,662 current or former NPL sites. (cdc.gov)
  • Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces The attractions between molecules are not nearly as strong as the intramolecular attractions that hold compounds together. (slideshare.net)
  • What happens to tin and tin compounds when they enter the environment? (cdc.gov)
  • In this Entry the inorganic chemistry of carbon is discussed. (h2g2.com)