Carbolines. Medical search

A group of pyrido-indole compounds. Included are any points of fusion of pyridine with the five-membered ring of indole and any derivatives of these compounds. These are similar to CARBAZOLES which are benzo-indoles.

Benzo-indoles similar to CARBOLINES which are pyrido-indoles. In plants, carbazoles are derived from indole and form some of the INDOLE ALKALOIDS.

Alkaloid isolated from seeds of Peganum harmala L., Zygophyllaceae. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic Parkinson disease in the 1920's.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.

Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring.

Protective measures against unauthorized access to or interference with computer operating systems, telecommunications, or data structures, especially the modification, deletion, destruction, or release of data in computers. It includes methods of forestalling interference by computer viruses or so-called computer hackers aiming to compromise stored data.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

The privacy of information and its protection against unauthorized disclosure.

The state of being free from intrusion or disturbance in one's private life or affairs. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)

A plant genus of the family POLYGONACEAE that is used as an EDIBLE GRAIN. Although the seeds are used as cereal, the plant is not one of the cereal grasses (POACEAE).

Organic chemistry methodology that mimics the modular nature of various biosynthetic processes. It uses highly reliable and selective reactions designed to "click" i.e., rapidly join small modular units together in high yield, without offensive byproducts. In combination with COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES, it is used for the synthesis of new compounds and combinatorial libraries.

A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for SMOKING.

Viscous materials composed of complex, high-molecular-weight compounds derived from the distillation of petroleum or the destructive distillation of wood or coal. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Plants or plant parts which are harmful to man or other animals.

Three nuclei located beneath the dorsal surface of the most rostral part of the thalamus. The group includes the anterodorsal nucleus, anteromedial nucleus, and anteroventral nucleus. All receive connections from the MAMILLARY BODY and BRAIN FORNIX, and project fibers to the CINGULATE BODY.

A pair of nuclei and associated gray matter in the interpeduncular space rostral to the posterior perforated substance in the posterior hypothalamus.

Neural nuclei situated in the septal region. They have afferent and cholinergic efferent connections with a variety of FOREBRAIN and BRAIN STEM areas including the HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION, the LATERAL HYPOTHALAMUS, the tegmentum, and the AMYGDALA. Included are the dorsal, lateral, medial, and triangular septal nuclei, septofimbrial nucleus, nucleus of diagonal band, nucleus of anterior commissure, and the nucleus of stria terminalis.

2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.

The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Several groups of nuclei in the thalamus that serve as the major relay centers for sensory impulses in the brain.

Lists of words, usually in alphabetical order, giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning.

The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.

A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.

Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

A subgroup of the genus FLAVIVIRUS which comprises a number of viral species that are the etiologic agents of human encephalitis in many different geographical regions. These include Japanese encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE), St. Louis encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, ST. LOUIS), Murray Valley encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, MURRAY VALLEY), and WEST NILE VIRUS.

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE containing several subgroups and many species. Most are arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks. The type species is YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

The creation of an amine. It can be produced by the addition of an amino group to an organic compound or reduction of a nitro group.

Unsaturated azacyclopropane compounds that are three-membered heterocycles of a nitrogen and two carbon atoms.

The study of the structure, preparation, properties, and reactions of carbon compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A group of compounds consisting in part of two rings sharing one atom (usually a carbon) in common.

An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557)

The covalent bonding of an alkyl group to an organic compound. It can occur by a simple addition reaction or by substitution of another functional group.

A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that is an ingredient of Banxia Houpu (DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL).

Decarboxylated monoamine derivatives of TRYPTOPHAN.

A species of CARDIOVIRUS which contains three strains: Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, Vilyuisk human encephalomyelitis virus, and Rat encephalomyelitis virus.

Activities performed to identify concepts and aspects of published information and research reports.

Use of sophisticated analysis tools to sort through, organize, examine, and combine large sets of information.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.

A condition caused by the neurotoxin MPTP which causes selective destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Clinical features include irreversible parkinsonian signs including rigidity and bradykinesia (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY). MPTP toxicity is also used as an animal model for the study of PARKINSON DISEASE. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1072; Neurology 1986 Feb;36(2):250-8)

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Liquid formulations for the nutrition of infants that can substitute for BREAST MILK.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Functional GABAA receptor heterogeneity of acutely dissociated hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. (1/508)

CA1 pyramidal cells were voltage clamped, and GABA was applied to individual cells with a modified U-tube, rapid drug application system. With Vh = -50 mV, inward currents elicited by 10 microM GABA were inhibited by GABAA receptor (GABAR) antagonists and were baclofen insensitive, suggesting that GABA actions on isolated CA1 pyramidal cells were GABAR mediated. GABA concentration-response curves averaged from all cells were fitted best with a two-site equation, indicating the presence of at least two GABA binding sites, a higher-affinity site (EC50-1 = 11.0 microM) and a lower-affinity site (EC50-2 = 334.2 microM), on two or more populations of cells. The effects of GABAR allosteric modulators on peak concentration-dependent GABAR currents were complex and included monophasic (loreclezole) or multiphasic (diazepam) enhancement, mixed enhancement/inhibition (DMCM, zolpidem) or multiphasic inhibition (zinc). Monophasic (70% of cells) or biphasic (30% of cells) enhancement of GABAR currents by diazepam suggested three different sites on GABARs (EC50-1 =1.8 nM; EC50-2 = 75.8 nM; EC50-3 = 275.9 nM) revealing GABAR heterogeneity. The imidazopyridine zolpidem enhanced GABAR currents in 70% of cells with an EC50 = 222.5 nM, suggesting a predominance of moderate affinity alpha2 (or alpha3-) subtype-containing BZ Type IIA receptors. A small fraction of cells (10%) had a high affinity for zolpidem, something that is suggestive of alpha1 subtype-containing BZ Type I receptors. The remaining 30% of cells were insensitive to or inhibited by zolpidem, suggesting the presence of alpha5 subtype-containing BZ Type IIB receptors. Whether BZ Type I and Type II receptors coexist could not be determined. The beta-carboline methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (DMCM) inhibited GABAR currents in all cells at midnanomolar concentrations, but in addition, potentiated GABAR currents in some cells at low nanomolar concentrations, characterizing two groups of cells, the latter likely due to functional assembly of alpha5betaxgamma2GABARs. In all cells, GABAR currents were moderately sensitive (EC50 = 9 microM) to loreclezole, consistent with a relatively greater beta3 subtype, than beta1 subtype, subunit mRNA expression. Two populations of cells were identified based on their sensitivities to zinc(IC50 = 28 and 182 microM), suggesting the presence of at least two GABAR isoforms including alpha5beta3gamma2 GABARs. Consistent with the heterogeneity of expression of GABAR subunit mRNA and protein in the hippocampus and based on their differential responses to GABA and to allosteric modulators, distinct populations of CA1 pyramidal cells likely express multiple, functional GABAR isoforms. (+info)

Occurrence of stereoisomers of 1-(2'-pyrrolidinethione-3'-yl)- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid in fermented radish roots and their different mutagenic properties. (2/508)

Stereoisomers of the tetrahydro-beta-carboline derivative, 1-(2-pyrrolidinethione)-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline- 3-carboxylic acid (PTCC), were formed from L-tryptophan with 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate, and their mutagenic properties and contents in different types of the radish products were studied. The isomers were identified as (1S*, 3S*, 3R*)- and (1R*, 3S*, 3R*)-PTCCs; the former was found as the major compound but had no mutagenic activity, while the latter was mutagenic toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 in the presence of a rat microsomal fraction. Both (1S*, 3S*, 3R*)- and (1R*, 3S*, 3R*)-PTCC were detected in a ratio of about 4:1 in a product fermented for 8 months, but only a trace was apparent in products manufactured within a few weeks. (+info)

Heterocyclic aromatic amines induce DNA strand breaks and cell transformation. (3/508)

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), formed during the cooking of foods, are known to induce tumours in rodent bioassays and may thus contribute to human cancer risk. We tested six HAAs in a morphological transformation assay and in three in vitro genotoxicity assays. The morphological transforming abilities of HAAs were tested, in the presence of rat-liver S9, in the C3H/M2 fibroblast cell line. Concentration levels of 50 microM 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (8-MeIQx), 100 microM 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx), 50 microM 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 100 microM 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AalphaC), 100 microM 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (MeAalphaC) and 15 microM 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) induced maximum transformation potencies of 5.5, 6.6, 6.3, 5.2, 7.3 and 9.2 transformed foci per 10(4) surviving cells, respectively. Bacterial mutagenic activity was determined in the presence of rat-liver S9 using the Salmonella typhimurium reverse-mutation assay employing strain YG1019. Mutagenic potencies of 3800 revertants (revs)/ng with 8-MeIQx, 2900 revs/ng with 4,8-DiMeIQx, 3480 revs/ng with IQ, 1.6 revs/ng with AalphaC, 2.9 revs/ng with MeAalphaC and 5 revs/ng with PhIP were observed. Clastogenic activity in vitro was analysed by the micronucleus assay in metabolically competent MCL-5 cells. Dose-dependent induction of micronuclei was observed for all HAAs tested with 1-5.4% of cells containing micronuclei at 10 ng/ml. Micronucleus induction was in the order 4,8-DiMeIQx > 8-MeIQx > IQ > MeAalphaC > PhIP > AalphaC. DNA strand-breaking activity in MCL-5 cells was measured by the alkaline single cell-gel (comet) assay. The lowest effect doses for significant increases (P < or = 0.0007, Mann-Whitney test) in comet tail length (microm) were 45.5 microg/ml (200 microM) for PhIP, 90.9 microg/ml (410-510 microM) for 4,8-DiMeIQx, IQ, MeAalphaC and AalphaC, and 454.5 microg/ml (2130 microM) for 8-MeIQx. It is not yet clear which of these assays most accurately reflects the genotoxic potential to humans of compounds of this class of environmental carcinogens. (+info)

Mapping quantitative trait loci for seizure response to a GABAA receptor inverse agonist in mice. (4/508)

To define the genetic contributions affecting individual differences in seizure threshold, a beta carboline [methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCM)]-induced model of generalized seizures was genetically dissected in mice. beta-CCM is a GABAA receptor inverse agonist and convulsant. By measuring the latency to generalized seizures after beta-CCM administration to A/J and C57BL6/J mice and their progeny, we estimated a heritability of 0.28 +/- 0.10. A genome wide screen in an F2 population of these parental strains (n = 273) mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on proximal chromosome 7 [logarithm of the likelihood for linkage (LOD) = 3.71] and distal chromosome 10 (LOD = 4.29) for seizure susceptibility, explaining approximately 22 and 25%, respectively, of the genetic variance for this seizure trait. The best fitting logistic regression model suggests that the A/J allele at each locus increases the likelihood of seizures approximately threefold. In a subsequent backcross population (n = 223), we mapped QTLs on distal chromosome 4 (LOD = 2.88) and confirmed the distal chromosome 10 QTLs (LOD = 4.36). In the backcross, the C57BL/6J allele of the chromosome 10 QTL decreases the risk of seizures approximately twofold. These QTLs may ultimately lead to the identification of genes influencing individual differences in seizure threshold in mice and the discovery of novel anticonvulsant agents. The colocalization on distal chromosome 10 of a beta-CCM susceptibility QTL and a QTL for open field ambulation and vertical movement suggests the existence of a single, pleiotropic locus, which we have named Exq1. (+info)

The fluorescence of scorpions and cataractogenesis. (5/508)

BACKGROUND: Protein cross-linking and fluorescence are widely recognized markers of oxidative aging in human proteins. Oxidative protein aging is a combinatorial process in which diversity arises from the heterogeneity of the targets and is amplified by the nonselective nature of the reactants. The cross-links themselves defy analysis because they are generally embedded in a covalent matrix. Arthropods rely upon oxidative cross-linking in the hardening of the cuticle - a process known as sclerotization. Among arthropods, scorpions are noteworthy in that the process of sclerotization is accompanied by the buildup of strong visible fluorescence. To date, the nature of the fluorescent species has remained a mystery. RESULTS: We have identified one of the soluble fluorescent components of the scorpions Centuroides vittatus and Pandinus imperator as beta-carboline - a tryptophan derivative that has previously been identified by hydrolysis and oxidation of lens protein. We have also shown that beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid is released from both scorpion exuvia (the shed cuticle) and human cataracts upon hydrolysis, suggesting that the protein-bound beta-carboline and free beta-carboline have common chemical origins. CONCLUSIONS: Cataractogenesis and cuticular sclerotization are disparate oxidative processes - the former is collateral and the latter is constitutive. The common formation of beta-carbolines shows that similar patterns of reactivity are operative. These fundamental mechanisms provide predictive insight into the consequences of human protein aging. (+info)

Apparent pA2 values of benzodiazepine antagonists and partial agonists in monkeys. (6/508)

Drugs that bind to benzodiazepine recognition sites of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor complexes may function as agonists in some behavioral assays and as antagonists in other behavioral assays. The present studies compared the effects of the benzodiazepines midazolam, flumazenil, bretazenil, Ro 41-7812, and Ro 42-8773 and the beta-carboline, beta-carboline-3-carboxylate-t-butyl ester (beta-CCt) under two different types of schedule-controlled responding in squirrel monkeys. One group of monkeys responded under a fixed-ratio schedule of stimulus-shock termination, and a second group of monkeys responded under a multiple fixed-ratio schedule of food presentation involving suppressed and nonsuppressed behavior. Under the schedule of stimulus-shock termination, midazolam produced dose-related decreases in response rate, and these effects were surmountably antagonized by flumazenil, bretazenil, Ro 41-7812, Ro 42-8773, and beta-CCt. Schild plot analysis of these data revealed the following mean pA(2) values: flumazenil, 7.18; bretazenil, 7.62; Ro 41-7812, 7. 06; Ro 42-8773, 6.95. Apparent pA(2) values were not calculated for beta-CCt because the CL of the slope of the Schild plot included positive values. Under the multiple schedule, midazolam, bretazenil, and Ro 42-8773 dose-dependently increased rates of suppressed responding, whereas flumazenil, Ro 41-7812, and beta-CCt had no significant rate-altering effects. Flumazenil antagonized the antisuppressant effects of midazolam and bretazenil; however, individual variability in these effects prohibited the determination of apparent pA(2) values. These results indicate that in vivo pA(2) values may be determined for benzodiazepine-site ligands. These results further demonstrate that some benzodiazepine-site ligands, e. g., bretazenil and Ro 42-8773, may function as both agonists and as competitive antagonists in vivo. (+info)

Dual mode of stimulation by the beta-carboline ZK 91085 of recombinant GABA(A) receptor currents: molecular determinants affecting its action. (7/508)

In electrophysiological measurements the beta-carboline ethyl 6-benzyloxy-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (ZK 91085) acts as a positive allosteric modulator on rat recombinant alpha1beta2gamma2 GABA(A) receptors and binds with high affinity (IC50-1.5 nM) to the [3H]-flunitrazepam site. Flumazenil was able to partially counteract the current modulation. These observations indicate an action of ZK 91085 at the benzodiazepine binding site. At the dual subunit combination alpha1beta2, which lacks the gamma subunit required for benzodiazepine modulation, we still observed a potentiation of GABA currents. Thus ZK 91085 acts via an additional site on the channel. At the subunit combination alpha1beta1, ZK 91085 potentiation is strongly reduced as compared to alpha1beta2. In binding studies, ZK 91085 was able to decrease [35S]-TBPS binding in alpha1beta2gamma2 and alpha1beta2 but not in alpha1beta1. This selectivity of ZK 91085 for receptors containing the beta2 isoform over those containing the beta1 isoform is reminiscent of the action of loreclezole. To identify amino acid residues important for the second type of modulation, we functionally compared wild type alpha1beta2 and mutant receptors for stimulation by ZK 91085. The mutation beta2N265S, that abolishes loreclezole effects, also abolishes ZK 91085 stimulation. The mutation beta2Y62L increased stimulation by ZK 91085 3-4 fold, locating an influencing entity of the second type of action of ZK 91085 at an alpha/beta subunit interface. Structural intermediates of ZK 91085 and the beta-carboline abecarnil, the latter of which only slightly potentiated GABA currents in alpha1/beta2, were analysed to determine structural requirements for modulation. ZK 91085 thus allosterically stimulates the GABA(A) receptor through two sites of action: the benzodiazepine site and the loreclezole site in contrast to classical beta-carbolines, that confer negative allosteric modulation through the benzodiazepine site. (+info)

Improvement in pain and bowel function in female irritable bowel patients with alosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. (8/508)

BACKGROUND: No currently available treatment provides consistent relief of irritable bowel syndrome. Colonic sensory and motor function are modulated partly through 5HT3-receptors. AIM: To evaluate effects of the 5HT3-receptor antagonist, alosetron, in irritable bowel syndrome. METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging (1, 2, 4, 8 mg b.d. alosetron), 12-week trial in 370 patients with diarrhoea-predominant or alternating constipation and diarrhoea irritable bowel syndrome. Weekly measurement of adequate relief was the key end-point; other irritable bowel syndrome symptoms were collected daily using an electronic phone system. RESULTS: Alosetron (1 mg or 2 mg b.d.) significantly (P < 0.05 vs. placebo) increased the proportion of females, but not males, reporting adequate relief. Stool consistency, frequency and percentage days with urgency improved over placebo (P < 0.05) within the first month with all doses of alosetron, and persisted throughout the trial with all doses in female patients. With 1 mg b.d. alosetron, females had improved stool consistency and urgency within the first week, and adequate relief and improved stool frequency within the first 2 weeks. There was no consistent improvement in bowel function among male patients. CONCLUSION: In female irritable bowel syndrome patients with predominant diarrhoea or alternating constipation and diarrhoea, alosetron is effective in treatment of abdominal pain and discomfort and bowel-related symptoms. (+info)

Inverse allosteric agonists: beta-carbolines (ex. Harmine, Harmaline, Tetrahydroharmine). Second-order modulators: (−)‐ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAA_receptor

October 2001). "beta-carboline binding to imidazoline receptors". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 64 (2): 203-8. doi:10.1016/S0376 ... 6-MeO-THH, or 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroharman, is a β-carboline (or more specifically a pinoline) derivative and a ... Beta-carboline Harmala alkaloid Tryptamine Shulgin A, Shulgin A (September 1997). TiHKAL: The Continuation. Berkeley, ... August 2000). "Binding of beta-carbolines and related agents at serotonin (5-HT(2) and 5-HT(1A)), dopamine (D(2)) and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6-MeO-THH

Louis ED, Zheng W, Jiang W, Bogen KT, Keating GA (June 2007). "Quantification of the neurotoxic beta-carboline harmane in ... Pfau W, Skog K (March 2004). "Exposure to beta-carbolines norharman and harman". Journal of Chromatography B. 802 (1): 115-26. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_tremor

Harmala alkaloids are MAO-inhibiting beta-carbolines. The three most studied harmala alkaloids in the B. caapi vine are harmine ... root bark is mixed with a native source of beta-Carbolines (e.g., passion flower in North America) to produce a hallucinogenic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayahuasca

The compound pinoline is also claimed to be produced in the pineal gland; it is one of the beta-carbolines. This claim is ... Formation of tetrahydro-β-carbolines at physiologicalpH". Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry. 31 (2): 431-435. doi:10.1002/jhet. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineal_gland

"Synthesis of α-Carboline". Org. Synth. 93: 272. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.093.0272.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) "Buchwald ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium(II)_acetate

Chapman AG, De Sarro GB, Premachandra M, Meldrum BS (September 1987). "Bidirectional effects of beta-carbolines in reflex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quazepam

Beta-carbolines Psychotria viridis, Beta-carbolines Simira klugei, Beta-carbolines Simira rubra, Beta-carbolines Uncaria ... Beta-carbolines Picrasma crenata, Beta-carbolines Picrasma excelsa, Beta-carbolines Picrasma javanica, Beta-carbolines Vestia ... Beta-carbolines Meconopsis paniculata, Beta-carbolines Meconopsis robusta, Beta-carbolines Meconopsis rudis, Beta-carbolines ... Phalaris aquatica, Beta-carbolines Phalaris arundinacea, Beta-carbolines Nectandra megapotamica, Beta-carbolines Acacia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_psychoactive_plants

The β-carboline carboxylic acid subsequently undergoes decarboxylation to produce 1-methyl β-carboline III. Hydroxylation ... Harmine is a beta-carboline and a harmala alkaloid. It occurs in a number of different plants, most notably the Syrian rue and ... This could explain the cytotoxic effect of Peganum harmala on these cells." Beta-carboline MAO inhibitors, such as harmine, ... The coincident occurrence of β-carboline alkaloids and serotonin in Peganum harmala indicates the presence of two very similar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmine

Oppositines are vasorelaxant beta-carbolines isolated from Ochrosia oppositifolia. "Ochrosia oppositifolia". World Checklist of ... new vasorelaxant beta-carboline alkaloids from Neisosperma oppositifolia". Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 58 (8): 1085- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochrosia_oppositifolia

... beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (6-PBC) and the full agonist 6-(benzyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-beta-carboline-3- ... ZK-93423 has also been used as a base to develop new and improved beta-carboline derivatives and help map the binding site of ... ZK-93423 is an anxiolytic drug from the β-Carboline family, closely related to abecarnil. It is a nonbenzodiazepine GABAA ... Dodd RH, Ouannès C, Potier MC, Prado de Carvalho L, Rossier J, Potier P (July 1987). "Synthesis of beta-carboline- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZK-93423

S. A. Adesanya; M. Chbani; M. Païs; C. Debitus (1992). "Brominated β-Carbolines from the Marine Tunicate Eudistoma album". J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudistoma

... s are novel cytocidal beta-carbolines isolated from Streptomyces. Abe N, Nakakita Y, Nakamura T, Enoki N, Uchida H ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxopropaline

One fluorescent component is beta-carboline. Accordingly, a hand-held ultraviolet lamp has long been a standard tool for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpion

PMID 7202207., Myers, R. D. (1989). "Isoquinolines, beta-carbolines and alcohol drinking: involvement of opioid and ... "Formaldehyde-derived tetrahydroisoquinolines and tetrahydro-beta-carbolines in human urine". Journal of Chromatography B. 683 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydroisoquinoline

Levels of beta-carbolines and hordenine have also been reported. Lee, Sangtae; Chang, Kae Sun, eds. (2015). English Names for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalaris_arundinacea

"Exudation of fluorescent b-carbolines from Oxalis tuberosa L. roots". Phytochemistry. 61 (5): 539-543. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxalis_tuberosa

... (ethyl-5-isopropoxy-4-methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate) is a drug from the beta-carboline family. It acts as a weak ... File, SE; Pellow, S; Jensen, LH (1986). "Actions of the beta-carboline ZK 93426 in an animal test of anxiety and the holeboard ... Duka, T; Edelmann, V; Schütt, B; Dorow, R (1988). Beta-carbolines as tools in memory research: human data with the beta- ... Duka, T; Ott, H; Rohloff, A; Voet, B (1996). "The effects of a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist beta-carboline ZK-93426 on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZK-93426

... U is a β-carboline derivatives. The structure of this molecule is made up of a β-carboline with an aromatic indole ... Eudistomins are β-carboline derivatives, isolated from ascidians (marine tunicates of the family Ascidiacea), like Ritterella ... Edrada-Ebel, RuAngelie; Schupp, Paul R. "Eudistomins W and X, Two New β-Carbolines from the Micronesian Tunicate Eudistoma sp ... Davis RA, Carroll AR, Quinn RJ (June 1998). "Eudistomin V, a New β-Carboline from the Australian Ascidian Pseudodistoma aureum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudistomin

As a rule, the fewer the β-carbolines, the less nausea; the more DMT, the more spectacular the visions. The constituents are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmahuasca

i.e. indole-3-alkylamine, Beta-carbolines, and tetrahydro-ß-carboline. "Phyllodium pulchellum". Germplasm Resources Information ... β-carbolines Seeds: Galactomannan, L-glucosyl Rhamnoside of physcion Roots: Betulin, α-amyrin, β-sitosterol The alkloids are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllodium_pulchellum

... , also known as tetrahydro-β-carboline and tetrahydronorharmane, is a natural organic derivative of beta-carboline. ... Norharmane harmane beta-Carboline Harmala alkaloid H. Rommelspacher; H. Kauffmann; C. Heyck Cohnitz; H. Coper (1977). " ... Comparison of the inhibition kinetics of tetrahydro-β-carbolines for serotonin and epinephrine reuptake to that of the platelet ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptoline

... is a bioactive beta-carboline harmala alkaloid. Riba, J; McIlhenny, EH; Valle, M; Bouso, JC; Barker, SA (2012 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydroharmol

Gremmen, C.; Willemse, B.; Wanner, M. J.; Koomen, G.-J. (2000). "Enantiopure Tetrahydro-β-carbolines via Pictet-Spengler ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indole

Gremmen, C.; Willemse, B.; Wanner, M. J.; Koomen, G.-J. (2000). "Enantiopure Tetrahydro-β-carbolines via Pictet-Spengler ... 4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines in which a new chiral center at C-1 adopts either a cis or trans configuration towards the C-3 ... 4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines by carbon-13 spectroscopy". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102 (23): 6976-6984. doi:10.1021/ja00543a012.. ... where it has been employed in the development of many beta-carbolines. Natural Pictet-Spengler reaction typically employ an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictet–Spengler_reaction

... is a beta-carboline isolated from freshwater cyanobacterium. Becher, P. G.; Beuchat, J.; Gademann, K.; Jüttner, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostocarboline

Layne, Tanya H.; Roach, Joy S.; Tinto, Winston F. (January 2015). "Review of β-carboline Alkaloids from the Genus Aspidosperma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopsanone

... carboline ring system from the marine sponge Cribrochalina olemda". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 117 (31): 8271- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtin–Hammett_principle

... is an alkaloid of the beta-carboline class. Wabaidur SM, Lee SH, Alothman ZA, Siddiqui MR, Alam SM (2013). "Second ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norharmine

which see β-carboline) and possibility as a mutagen. Due to these potential mutagenic properties of MTCA, the Agency for ... The presence of (1R,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) in the extracts of maca indicate a ... 4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) , and p-methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate. Alkamides are also present in maca. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidium_meyenii

Novel IKK inhibitors: beta-carbolines.. Castro AC1, Dang LC, Soucy F, Grenier L, Mazdiyasni H, Hottelet M, Parent L, Pien C, ... A screening effort of the endogenous IKK complex allowed us to identify 5-bromo-6-methoxy-beta-carboline as a nonspecific IKK ... Optimization of this beta-carboline natural product derivative resulted in a novel class of selective IKK inhibitors with IC(50 ... In addition, we show that one of these beta-carboline analogues inhibits the phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha and subsequent ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12824047?dopt=Abstract

9-Methyl-β-carbolines appear to induce DNA damage when exposed to ultraviolet light. β-Carboline belongs to the group of indole ... It is also the prototype of a class of indole alkaloid compounds known as β-carbolines. β-Carboline alkaloids are widespread in ... 3-hydroxymethyl-beta-carboline blocks the sleep-promoting effect of flurazepam in rodents, and by itself can decrease sleep in ... Some β-carbolines, notably tryptoline and pinoline, may be formed naturally in the human body. The latter is possibly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Carboline

Beta-carboline Alekseyev RS, Kurki AV, Yurovskaya MA (2009). "γ-Carbolines and their hydrogenated derivatives. 1. Aromatic γ- ... γ-Carboline (5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole), is a nitrogen containing heterocycle. A large number of derivatives are known with ... Part I: Comparison of some methods for the synthesis of α-, γ-, and δ-carbolines (a review)". Pharm Chem J. 44 (12): 654-678. ... Part 2: Comparison of some of the properties of α-, γ-, and δ-carbolines (Review)". Pharm Chem J. 45 (7): 389-400. doi:10.1007/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Carboline

... connected in series was studied for the simultaneous determination of two tetrahydro-β-carbolines and two β-carbolines. After ... The quantitative ranges were 0.25-80.0 ng mL−1 for both tetrahydro-β-carbolines and 0.1-30.0 ng mL−1 for both β-carbolines. ... Column liquid chromatography Fluorimetric detection Tetrahydro-β-carbolines β-Carbolines This is a preview of subscription ... This treatment not only suppressed the artefactual formation of tetrahydro-β-carbolines and β-carbolines during analysis, but ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02271022

beta-Carbolines, harman (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) and norharman (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) and gamma-carbolines, 3-amino- ... Effects of beta- and gamma-carboline derivatives of DNA topoisomerase activities.. Funayama Y1, Nishio K, Wakabayashi K, Nagao ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8600349?dopt=Abstract

Carbolines: A group of pyrido-indole compounds. Included are any points of fusion of pyridine with the five-membered ring of ... Carbolines (Beta-Carbolines). Subscribe to New Research on Carbolines A group of pyrido-indole compounds. Included are any ... 1-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid. *1-methyl-2-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydo-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic ... 1-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid. *1-methyl-2-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydo-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic ...

http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryD002243-Carbolines-Beta-Carbolines.do

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https://www.carboline.com/products/product-details/?prod=28AD

Synthesis and Evaluation of 1-Amino-6-halo-β-carbolines as Antimalarial and Antiprion Agents. ... Synthesis and Evaluation of 1-Amino-6-halo-β-carbolines as Antimalarial and Antiprion Agents. ChemMedChem, 7: 578-586. doi: ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cmdc.201200002/suppinfo

Co-mutagenic beta-carbolines, such as norharman and harman, were quantified in mainstream and sidestream smoke condensates of ... These beta-carbolines were also found to be present in all the cooked food samples, at levels of 2.39-795 ng for norharman and ... Co-mutagenic beta-carbolines, such as norharman and harman, were quantified in mainstream and sidestream smoke condensates of ... Quantification of the co-mutagenic beta-carbolines, norharman and harman, in cigarette smoke condensates and cooked foods ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10503893/?dopt=Abstract

The results imply that electron-withdrawing groups on N2 of tetrahydro-γ-carbolines and N5-H are necessary. The synthesis of 5 ... 4-tetrahydro-γ-carbolines has been developed, which provides a convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of the ... Keywords: : Winterfeldt oxidation; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-γ-carbolines; dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]-quinolones; pyrrolo[3,2-b]quinolones ... The results imply that electron-withdrawing groups on N2 of tetrahydro-γ-carbolines and N5-H are necessary. The synthesis of 5 ...

http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/17/2/1177

It is concluded that the beta-carbolines FG 7142 and DMCM produce selective effects upon LCGU that are mediated by ... For this purpose, beta- carbolines FG 7142 and DMCM were employed. They exert their effects via the benzodiazepine receptor, ... Changes in local cerebral glucose utilization induced by the beta- carbolines FG 7142 and DMCM reveal brain structures involved ... Changes in local cerebral glucose utilization induced by the beta- carbolines FG 7142 and DMCM reveal brain structures involved ...

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/7/4/1047

Beta carboline explanation free. What is Beta carboline? Meaning of Beta carboline medical term. What does Beta carboline mean? ... Looking for online definition of Beta carboline in the Medical Dictionary? ... beta-carboline. (redirected from Beta carboline) β-carboline. (bā-ta-kahrō-lēn), One of a class of indole alkaloids ... Beta carboline , definition of Beta carboline by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Beta+ ...

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Beta+carboline

download anxiolytic carbolines from molecular biology to the, by embalming our honorarium imperfect, conveys us private of it; ... download anxiolytic carbolines from TO BOOKS I and II. The Beat The download anxiolytic carbolines from of chestnut is the ... 2019; d of its volcanic download anxiolytic carbolines from molecular biology to the. The download anxiolytic carbolines from ... In my download anxiolytic carbolines from molecular, this earth- is foregoing. Either the download anxiolytic carbolines from ...

http://sftv.org/books/download-anxiolytic-%CE%B2-carbolines%3A-from-molecular-biology-to-the-clinic.htm

A wide range of functionalized β-carbolines and γ-carbolines can be prepared from readily accessible indoles and nitriles i ... The first example of versatile synthesis of functionalized β-carbolines and γ-carbolines via redox-free Pd-catalyzed C-H ... The first example of versatile synthesis of functionalized β-carbolines and γ-carbolines via redox-free Pd-catalyzed C-H ... A wide range of functionalized β-carbolines and γ-carbolines can be prepared from readily accessible indoles and nitriles in ...

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2018/cc/c8cc00040a

This methodology provides a facile route to 1-trifluoromethyl-1-indole-substituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines featuring a CF3 ... 4-dihydro-β-carbolines catalyzed by a chiral spirocyclic phosphoric acid has been realized. ... Asymmetric synthesis of CF3- and indole-containing tetrahydro-β-carbolines via chiral spirocyclic phosphoric acid-catalyzed aza ... Asymmetric synthesis of CF3- and indole-containing tetrahydro-β-carbolines via chiral spirocyclic phosphoric acid-catalyzed aza ...

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/qo/c7qo00229g

In this study, (3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (1), an amino acid isolated from C. endivia. L, was found ...

http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/18/1/418/notes

... Mohammad Movassaghi* and ... The direct conversion of various amides to isoquinoline and β-carboline derivatives via mild electrophilic amide activation, ...

http://www.organic-chemistry.org/abstracts/lit2/135.shtm

By assaying several β-carboline compounds, we define certain chemical groups that modulate the affinity of this class of ... Results demonstrate that the β-carboline compounds (1) potently reduce the expression of all three phosphorylated forms of tau ... Here we test the ability of harmine, and numerous additional β-carboline compounds, to inhibit the DYRK1A dependent ... a β-carboline alkaloid, is a high affinity inhibitor of the dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A ( ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0019264

... ß-Carbolines from marine derived Bacteria , Revista Latinoamericana de Química, 35 , pp. 58-67 . ...

http://epic.awi.de/19336/

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new tryptamine and tetrahydro-beta-carboline-based selective inhibitors of CDK4. ... tetrahydro-beta-carboline compounds related to the natural product fascaplysin, as novel inhibitors of CDK4/cyclin D1. We show ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/18650093

β-Carboline alkaloids (βCs), with tricyclic pyrido[3,4-b]indole rings, have important pharmacological and therapeutic value. In ... Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of McbB, a multifunctional enzyme involved in β-carboline skeleton ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/25286949

Punishment of schedule-controlled behavior with beta-carboline injections: antagonism and comparisons with other compounds.. K ... Punishment of schedule-controlled behavior with beta-carboline injections: antagonism and comparisons with other compounds.. K ... Punishment of schedule-controlled behavior with beta-carboline injections: antagonism and comparisons with other compounds.. K ... Subsequently, different doses of histamine, I-nicotine, cocaine or beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (beta-CCE) were ...

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/261/1/138

Interactions of zopiclone with ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate and Ro 15-1788 in squirrel monkeys.. J E Barrett, L S Brady, ... Interactions of zopiclone with ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate and Ro 15-1788 in squirrel monkeys.. J E Barrett, L S Brady, ... Interactions of zopiclone with ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate and Ro 15-1788 in squirrel monkeys.. J E Barrett, L S Brady, ... Interactions of zopiclone with ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate and Ro 15-1788 in squirrel monkeys. ...

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/236/2/313

β-carboline-2-carbo. xamide [ACD/IUPAC Name] N-[2-(1,3-Benzodiox. ol-5-ylamino)-2-oxo. éthyl]-6-chloro-1,3. ,4,9-tétrahydro-2H- ... 9-tetrahydro-2H-β-carboline-2-. carboxamide *Molecular FormulaC21H19ClN4O4 ...

http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.21371568.html?rid=d9ea1510-2055-458a-be03-6ed65d74d2f7&page_num=0

9-dihydro-3H-beta-carboline - chemical structural formula, chemical names, chemical properties, synthesis references ...

http://www.chemsynthesis.com/base/chemical-structure-9030.html

Theoretical structure-activity studies of beta-carboline analogs. Requirements for benzodiazepine receptor affinity and ... Theoretical structure-activity studies of beta-carboline analogs. Requirements for benzodiazepine receptor affinity and ... Theoretical structure-activity studies of beta-carboline analogs. Requirements for benzodiazepine receptor affinity and ... Theoretical structure-activity studies of beta-carboline analogs. Requirements for benzodiazepine receptor affinity and ...

http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/28/1/17.long

Abstract To study the interactions of these compounds with calf thymus DNA(CT-DNA), seven b-carboline-3-carboxamides were ... This series of b-carboline-3-carboxamides is DNA targeting compounds. Their obvious antitumor biological effect is based on the ... The Syntheses of b-Carboline-3-carboxamides Derivatives and Their Interaction with DNA* ...

http://www.paper.edu.cn/scholar/paper/yangming-17

On the basis of these studies we suggest that the effect of tetrahydro-beta-carboline-related alkaloids on pituitary hormone ... On the basis of these studies we suggest that the effect of tetrahydro-beta-carboline-related alkaloids on pituitary hormone ... 4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (6-MeOTHBC) and yohimbine to normal or hypothyroid rats [the latter exhibiting chronically elevated ... 4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (6-MeOTHBC) and yohimbine to normal or hypothyroid rats [the latter exhibiting chronically elevated ...

https://www.garvan.org.au/research/publications/273

... a novel fluoride-containing gamma-carboline derivative, in comparison to the structurally similar neuroprotective drug dimebon ... Аннотация A comparative study performed in mice investigating the action of DF302, a novel fluoride-containing gamma-carboline ... Pro-neurogenic, Memory-Enhancing and Anti-stress Effects of DF302, a Novel Fluorine Gamma-Carboline Derivative with Multi- ...

http://scipeople.ru/publication/127525/

... carbolines as potential multitarget anti-alzheimer agents); 7212-59-1; 16502-01-5 (1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-beta -carboline); 20315- ... carbolines as potential multitarget anti-alzheimer agents) acetylcholinesterase inhibitor NMDA Alzheimers disease carboline ... While connecting beta -carboline units by alkylene spacers in two different series of compds. and subsequent evaluation of ... was a N9-homobivalent beta -carboline with a nonylene spacer, which displayed IC50 values of 0.5 nM for AChE, 5.7 nM for BChE, ...

https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/17255/

β-Carboline alkaloids are widespread in plants and animals, and frequently act as GABAA inverse agonists. (wikipedia.org)
β-Carboline belongs to the group of indole alkaloids and consist of pyridine ring that is fused to an indole skeleton. (wikipedia.org)
Eight plant families are known to express 64 different kinds of β-carboline alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
By dry weight, the seeds of Peganum harmala (Syrian Rue) contain between 0.16% and 5.9% β-carboline alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
β-Carboline alkaloids (βCs), with tricyclic pyrido[3,4-b]indole rings, have important pharmacological and therapeutic value. (sigmaaldrich.com)
On the basis of these studies we suggest that the effect of tetrahydro-beta-carboline-related alkaloids on pituitary hormone release may be due to their influence on hypothalamic monoamine status and the subsequent alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary control system. (garvan.org.au)
β-Carbolines (βCs), such as harmane, norharmane and harmine, are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids that show microbicidal activity. (biomedcentral.com)
b-Carbolines are a large group of natural and synthetic indole alkaloids, some of which block activation of nuclear factor k-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), a predominant transcriptional regulator of NOS expression. (elsevier.com)
Tetrahydro-ß-carbolines are a prominent group of tricyclic natural products belonging to the indole alkaloids. (aalto.fi)
Summary The β-carboline (βC) alkaloids occur throughout nature and exhibit diverse biological activities. (elsevier.com)
β-Carboline is a key pharmacophore present in a large number of natural tricyclic alkaloids, which can be found in numerous plants and animals, exhibiting potent biological activities [1-10]. (scribd.com)
As a key member of the β-carboline family, its structural variant tricyclic β-carbolinone (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1(2H)-one derivative or β-carbolin-1-one, Figure 1) has served as an important intermediate for the preparation of complex alkaloids [11-19] and has been found to possess potent bioactivities. (scribd.com)
Abstract- Phototoxicity of five naturally occurring (3‐carboline alkaloids was assayed against a series of Escherichia coli strains and against the insect Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). (illinois.edu)
Harmane and norharmane are representative members of the large group of natural β-carboline alkaloids featured with diverse pharmacological activities. (elsevier.com)
Two beta-carboline alkaloids were separated from normal butanol fraction of P. tunicoides, and identified as 1-acetyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-beta-carboline (1) and 1-acetyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxyl-beta-carboline (2). (bvsalud.org)
[email protected]#A new β- carboline alkaloid , griffonine (1), together with seven known alkaloids , hyrtioerectine B (2), 3-carboxy-6-hydroxy-β- carboline (3), hyrtiosulawesine (4), 5-hydroxyindole-3-carbaldehyde (5), 5-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl) indole (6), trigonelline (7), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (8) were isolated and identified. (bvsalud.org)
en] The cellular effects of dihydroflavopereirine and sempervirine ( two alkaloids isolated from Loganiaceae) are analysed by cytological methods in experimental tumours cultivated in vitro ( B16 mouse melanoma cells, mouse Ehrlich tumour cells ELT). (uliege.be)
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of beta-carboline alkaloids of Peganum harmala seeds. (greenmedinfo.com)

As components of the liana Banisteriopsis caapi, the β-carbolines harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine play a pivotal role in the pharmacology of the indigenous psychedelic drug ayahuasca by preventing the breakdown of dimethyltryptamine in the gut by reversibly inhibiting monoamine oxidase, thus making it psychoactive upon oral administration. (wikipedia.org)
Harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid, is a high affinity inhibitor of the dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) protein. (plos.org)
Here we test the ability of harmine, and numerous additional β-carboline compounds, to inhibit the DYRK1A dependent phosphorylation of tau protein on serine 396, serine 262/serine 356 (12E8 epitope), and threonine 231 in cell culture assays and in vitro phosphorylation assays. (plos.org)
Harmine, a naturally occurring β-carboline alkaloid, has long been used in folk medicine in the Middle East and in Asia ( Sourkes, 1999 ) and as a hallucinogenic drug ( Wink & van Wyk, 2008 ). (peerj.com)
The findings of a 2017 study in mice suggest that harmine, the primary beta-carboline in ayahuasca, may have neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects because it reduces inflammation and oxidative stress . (medicalnewstoday.com)

The first example of versatile synthesis of functionalized β-carbolines and γ-carbolines via redox-free Pd-catalyzed C-H addition of indole to nitrile/cyclization sequences is reported. (rsc.org)
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new tryptamine and tetrahydro-beta-carboline-based selective inhibitors of CDK4. (sigmaaldrich.com)
We present the design, synthesis and biological activity of a library of substituted (biphenylcarbonyl)-tryptamine and (biphenylcarbonyl)-tetrahydro-beta-carboline compounds related to the natural product fascaplysin, as novel inhibitors of CDK4/cyclin D1. (sigmaaldrich.com)
This chiral pool synthesis constitutes a new approach towards C1 substituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines. (aalto.fi)
The asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydro-ß-carbolines traditionally relies on a few proven methodologies. (aalto.fi)
Our knowledge and experience on the use of amino acids as starting material in natural product synthesis prompted us to investigate the possibility of transferring the inherent chirality of amino acids to the tetrahydro-ß-carboline scaffold via a chiral pool approach. (aalto.fi)
The thesis will then culminate in the author's own work regarding the synthesis of the tetrahydro-ß-carboline natural products harmicine and eleagnine, by use of a chiral pool approach coupled with a 9-phenyl-fluoren-9-yl protecting group strategy. (aalto.fi)
Herein is furthermore described the synthesis of chiral 2-indolyl methanamines, a structurally closely related group of compounds to the tetrahydro-ß-carbolines largely overlooked in the chemical literature. (aalto.fi)
Koskinen, A. M. P. Harmicine, a Tetracyclic Tetrahydro-beta-Carboline: From the First Synthetic Precedent to Isolation from Natural Sources to Target-Oriented Synthesis (Review). (aalto.fi)
Abstract: A mild and efficient two-step synthesis of 3-substituted β-carbolinone derivatives from 3-substituted β-carboline in good yields is described. (scribd.com)
In a new study, the team developed an efficient two-step synthesis of β-carbolines and tested some of the compounds, including 3-isopropoxy-β-carboline hydrochloride (shown), on rats that were addicted to alcohol. (acs.org)
The synthesis of beta-carbolines, 2,7-dihydropyridodiindoles, isoquinolines, indolo-pyridoimidazoles and imidazobenzodiazepines, when combined with molecular modeling (see Figure 8), has resulted in the pharmacophores for agonist and inverse agonist activity at benzodiazepine receptors. (uwm.edu)

It is also the prototype of a class of indole alkaloid compounds known as β-carbolines. (wikipedia.org)
Results demonstrate that the β-carboline compounds (1) potently reduce the expression of all three phosphorylated forms of tau protein, and (2) inhibit the DYRK1A catalyzed direct phosphorylation of tau protein on serine 396. (plos.org)
By assaying several β-carboline compounds, we define certain chemical groups that modulate the affinity of this class of compounds for inhibition of tau phosphorylation. (plos.org)
Punishment of schedule-controlled behavior with beta-carboline injections: antagonism and comparisons with other compounds. (aspetjournals.org)
Abstract To study the interactions of these compounds with calf thymus DNA(CT-DNA), seven b-carboline-3-carboxamides were designed and synthesized. (paper.edu.cn)
This series of b-carboline-3-carboxamides is DNA targeting compounds. (paper.edu.cn)
This thesis aims to provide the reader with a short literature background on the chemistry of tetrahydro-ß-carbolines as well as an overview of different methods available to suppress racemization/epimerization of amino acid derived carbonyl compounds. (aalto.fi)
Fourteen N-substituted indoles (5-18) were synthesized and structure-activity relationship studies indicated that the change of the tetrahydro-γ-carboline in tubastatin A led to substituted indoles (compounds 7, 11, and 15) which showed significant improvements of selective inhibition for HDAC6 over HDAC1 and HDAC2 in comparison to ACY1215, a compound undergoing clinical trials. (elsevier.com)
The profound increase in the affinity constants of β-carbolines estimated in the presence of FAs predicts that the unbound, pharmacologically active serum fraction of these compounds strongly depends on the actual lipid binding profile of HSA. (elsevier.com)
Previous animal studies had shown that compounds with antialcoholism effects had a mechanism of action similar to that of the β-carbolines. (acs.org)
Now, Tiruveedhula has made several of these promising beta-carboline compounds that could represent the future of alcoholism treatment. (eurekalert.org)

β-Carboline Alkaloid Constituents from a Thermoactinomyces SP. (wikipedia.org)

Novel IKK inhibitors: beta-carbolines. (nih.gov)
Optimization of this beta-carboline natural product derivative resulted in a novel class of selective IKK inhibitors with IC(50)s in the nanomolar range. (nih.gov)
These data demonstrate that relative to other carbolines and pharmacologic inhibitors of NOS, 8-Gly carb exhibits a unique pharmacological profile by inhibiting constitutive and inducible NO formation independent of NF-κB activation and cytokine expression. (elsevier.com)
The B. caapi vine contains MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) called beta-carbolines. (medicalnewstoday.com)

In addition, we show that one of these beta-carboline analogues inhibits the phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha and subsequent activation of NF-kappaB in whole cells, as well as blocking TNF-alpha release in LPS-challenged mice. (nih.gov)

The present invention provides methods for the preparation of substituted heterocycle fused gamma-carbolines, intermediates useful in producing them and methods for producing such intermediates and such heterocycle fused gamma-carbolines. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

Co-mutagenic beta-carbolines, such as norharman and harman, were quantified in mainstream and sidestream smoke condensates of six Japanese brands of cigarettes, and also in 13 kinds of cooked foods, using a combination of blue cotton treatment and HPLC. (nih.gov)
These beta-carbolines were also found to be present in all the cooked food samples, at levels of 2.39-795 ng for norharman and 0.62-377 ng for harman per gram of cooked food. (nih.gov)

Subsequently, different doses of histamine, I-nicotine, cocaine or beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (beta-CCE) were substituted for histamine during single sessions. (aspetjournals.org)
Interactions of zopiclone with ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate and Ro 15-1788 in squirrel monkeys. (aspetjournals.org)
The effects of zopiclone (0.1-100 mg/kg) were studied alone and in combination with the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist Ro 15-1788 and the inverse agonist ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCE). (aspetjournals.org)
The major route to both 1-(pyrrol-2-yl)- and 1-(1-pyrrolin-2-yl)-substituted eudistomins proceeded through Grignard addition of 2-(1,3-dioxa-2-cyclohexyl)ethyl bromide to 1-cyano-substituted β-carbolines, followed by appropriate cyclization, reduction, and dehydrogenation. (elsevier.com)
Like in behavioral experiments, the alcohol antagonist effect of Ro15-4513 on recombinant α4β3δ receptors is blocked by flumazenil and β-carboline-ethyl ester (β-CCE). (pnas.org)

Аннотация A comparative study performed in mice investigating the action of DF302, a novel fluoride-containing gamma-carboline derivative, in comparison to the structurally similar neuroprotective drug dimebon. (scipeople.ru)
Thus, this novel carboline derivative holds promise as a parent compound, leading to therapeutic agents that prevent the development of neuropathic pain mediated by macrophage-derived NO without interfering with cytokine expression required for neural recovery following peripheral nerve injury. (elsevier.com)

citation needed] β-carboline is a GABAA benzodiazepine site inverse agonist and can therefore have convulsive, anxiogenic and memory enhancing effects. (wikipedia.org)

A wide range of functionalized β-carbolines and γ-carbolines can be prepared from readily accessible indoles and nitriles in good to excellent yields under the optimal conditions. (rsc.org)
An enantioselective aza-Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of indoles with 1-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines catalyzed by a chiral spirocyclic phosphoric acid has been realized. (rsc.org)

The structure of β-carboline is similar to that of tryptamine, with the ethylamine chain re-connected to the indole ring via an extra carbon atom, to produce a three-ringed structure. (wikipedia.org)

β-carboline derivatives are known to induce the production of secondary metabolite in various soil dwelling "Streptomyces" species. (wikipedia.org)

The biosynthesis of β-carbolines is believed to follow this route from analogous tryptamines. (wikipedia.org)
Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of McbB, a multifunctional enzyme involved in β-carboline skeleton biosynthesis. (sigmaaldrich.com)

β-Carboline (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole), also known as norharmane, is a nitrogen containing heterocycle. (wikipedia.org)
γ-Carboline (5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole), is a nitrogen containing heterocycle. (wikipedia.org)

The techniques of theoretical chemistry have been used to elucidate the molecular properties and modes of receptor binding that modulate receptor affinity and antagonist activity of the beta-carbolines, a class of potent benzodiazepine antagonists. (aspetjournals.org)

A group of β-carboline derivatives, termed eudistomins were extracted from ascidians (marine tunicates of the family Ascidiacea), like Ritterella sigillinoides, Lissoclinum fragile or Pseudodistoma aureum. (wikipedia.org)

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Reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC with fluorimetric detectors connected in series was studied for the simultaneous determination of two tetrahydro-β-carbolines and two β-carbolines. (springer.com)

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Steve Beyer , author of Singing to the Plants: A Guide to Mestizo Shamanism in the Upper Amazon , questions the Western conventional wisdom that the sole function of the beta-carbolines in the ayahuasca drink is simply to allow DMT to become orally active, and explores the scientific and ethnographic literature for evidence of beta-carboline psychoactivity. (ayahuasca.com)
Both DMT and beta-carbolines, the main psychoactive ingredients in ayahuasca, may protect and restore parts of the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)

It is concluded that the beta-carbolines FG 7142 and DMCM produce selective effects upon LCGU that are mediated by benzodiazepine receptors. (jneurosci.org)

Similarly, stacking interactions with neutral or cationic aromatic residues such as tryptophan or protonated histidine could occur, but do not appear to be determinants of the relative receptor affinity of the beta-carbolines. (aspetjournals.org)

A screening effort of the endogenous IKK complex allowed us to identify 5-bromo-6-methoxy-beta-carboline as a nonspecific IKK inhibitor. (nih.gov)
3-hydroxymethyl-beta-carboline blocks the sleep-promoting effect of flurazepam in rodents, and by itself can decrease sleep in a dose-dependent manner. (wikipedia.org)
Beta-carboline Alekseyev RS, Kurki AV, Yurovskaya MA (2009). (wikipedia.org)
Effects of beta- and gamma-carboline derivatives of DNA topoisomerase activities. (nih.gov)
beta-Carbolines for Alzheimer's disease? (curehunter.com)
For this purpose, beta- carbolines FG 7142 and DMCM were employed. (jneurosci.org)
Theoretical structure-activity studies of beta-carboline analogs. (aspetjournals.org)
Syrian rue seed contains chemicals called beta-carbolines. (webmd.com)
In our previous studies C3-Pyrazole/Chalcone Linked Beta-Carboline Hybrids were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in a panel of five human cancer cell lines and the new molecules like 7d and 8d were considered as potential leads. (iraj.in)
As such, the beta-carbolines may also be less addictive. (eurekalert.org)

Some β-carbolines, notably tryptoline and pinoline, may be formed naturally in the human body. (wikipedia.org)

This treatment not only suppressed the artefactual formation of tetrahydro-β-carbolines and β-carbolines during analysis, but also effectively purified them. (springer.com)

1-Trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline (TaClo), which shows a great structural similarity to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), when administered to rats lead to enhanced spontaneous locomotor activity and a reduction in the apomorphine-induced increase in locomotion when they were tested 4-9 days after subchronic injection at a daily dose of 0.2 mg/kg over a seven week period. (elsevier.com)

The direct conversion of various amides to isoquinoline and β-carboline derivatives via mild electrophilic amide activation, with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride in the presence of 2-chloropyridine followed by cyclodehydration upon warming provides the desired products with short overall reaction times. (organic-chemistry.org)
Penetrating primer/sealer for use on concrete substrates and Carboline Pyrocrete® Fireproofing products. (carboline.com)
Introduction Natural products have a profound impact on both chemical biology and drug discovery, and the substituted β-carboline moiety is an example. (scribd.com)

V. V. N. Phani Babu Tiruveedhula , James Cook , and coworkers at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, decided to look at β-carbolines as possible antialcoholism drug leads. (acs.org)

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Functional GABAA receptor heterogeneity of acutely dissociated hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. (1/508)

Occurrence of stereoisomers of 1-(2'-pyrrolidinethione-3'-yl)- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid in fermented radish roots and their different mutagenic properties. (2/508)

Heterocyclic aromatic amines induce DNA strand breaks and cell transformation. (3/508)

Mapping quantitative trait loci for seizure response to a GABAA receptor inverse agonist in mice. (4/508)

The fluorescence of scorpions and cataractogenesis. (5/508)

Apparent pA2 values of benzodiazepine antagonists and partial agonists in monkeys. (6/508)

Dual mode of stimulation by the beta-carboline ZK 91085 of recombinant GABA(A) receptor currents: molecular determinants affecting its action. (7/508)

Improvement in pain and bowel function in female irritable bowel patients with alosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. (8/508)

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Functional GABAA receptor heterogeneity of acutely dissociated hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. (1/508)

Occurrence of stereoisomers of 1-(2'-pyrrolidinethione-3'-yl)- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid in fermented radish roots and their different mutagenic properties. (2/508)

Heterocyclic aromatic amines induce DNA strand breaks and cell transformation. (3/508)

Mapping quantitative trait loci for seizure response to a GABAA receptor inverse agonist in mice. (4/508)

The fluorescence of scorpions and cataractogenesis. (5/508)

Apparent pA2 values of benzodiazepine antagonists and partial agonists in monkeys. (6/508)

Dual mode of stimulation by the beta-carboline ZK 91085 of recombinant GABA(A) receptor currents: molecular determinants affecting its action. (7/508)

Improvement in pain and bowel function in female irritable bowel patients with alosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. (8/508)

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