Hairpin-shaped DNA duplexes with disulfide bonds in sugar-phosphate backbone as potential DNA reagents for crosslinking with proteins. (1/267)
Convenient approaches were described to incorporate -OP(=O)O(-)-SS-O(-)(O=)PO- bridges in hairpin-shaped DNA duplexes instead of regular phosphodiester linkages: (i) H2O2- or 2,2'-dipyridyldisulfide-mediated coupling of 3'- and 5'-thiophosphorylated oligonucleotides on complementary template and (ii) more selective template-guided autoligation of a preactivated oligonucleotide derivative with an oligomer carrying a terminal thiophosphoryl group. Dithiothreitol was found to cleave completely modified internucleotide linkage releasing starting oligonucleotides. The presence of complementary template as an intrinsic element of the molecule protects the hairpin DNA analog from spontaneous exchange of disulfide-linked oligomer fragments and makes it a good candidate for auto-crosslinking with cysteine-containing proteins. (+info)The effect of carboxyl group modification on the chromophore regeneration of archaeopsin-1 and bacterioopsin. (2/267)
Carboxyl group modification with DCCD and NCD-4 was employed to investigate the chemical environment of the side chains of archaeopsin-1 (aO-1) and bacterioopsin (bO). Some differences were observed between aO-1 and bO. Although DCCD or NCD-4 did not modify aO-1 in bleached membrane, they modified bO in bleached membrane and in mixed DMPC/CHAPS/SDS micelles at neutral pH, thereby affecting the opsin shift and the photocycle of the regenerated chromophore. On the contrary, after solubilization with SDS, aO-1 and bO were modified by DCCD and NCD-4, which decreased the chromophore regeneration. In particular, the reaction of aO-1 in SDS with NCD-4 proceeded in a 1:1 ratio at neutral pH. The fluorescence and CD spectra indicated that the modified site was located in the hydrophobic, asymmetrical region. Lysyl-endopeptidase digestion of NCD-4 modified aO-1 produced a fluorescent fragment and amino acid sequence analysis showed that Asp85 or Asp96 in helix C is a probable candidate for the modified residue at present. Kinetic CD measurements revealed that the introduction of N-acylurea at an Asp residue in helix C did not affect the formation of the transient intermediate but inhibited the side chain packing during refolding. (+info)Active site characterization of RNase Rs from Rhizopus stolonifer: involvement of histidine and lysine in catalysis and carboxylate in substrate binding. (3/267)
Chemical modification studies on purified RNase Rs revealed the involvement of a single histidine, lysine and carboxylate residue in the catalytic activity of the enzyme. RNA could not protect the enzyme against DEP- and TNBS-mediated inactivation whereas, substrate protection was observed in case of EDAC-mediated inactivation of the enzyme. K(m) and k(cat) values of the partially inactivated enzyme samples suggested that while histidine and lysine are involved in catalysis, carboxylate is involved in substrate binding. Active site nature of RNase Rs suggests that the inability of the enzyme to readily convert 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides to 3'-mononucleotides is probably due to the absence of catalytically active second histidine residue. (+info)Structural and kinetic studies of the pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase/ferredoxin complex from Desulfovibrio africanus. (4/267)
The pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR)/ferredoxin (Fd) system of Desulfovibrio africanus has been investigated with the aim of understanding more fully protein-protein interaction and the kinetic characteristics of electron transfer between the two redox partners. D. africanus contains three Fds (Fd I, Fd II and Fd III) able to function as electron acceptors for PFOR. The complete amino acid sequence of Fd II was determined by automatic Edman degradation. It revealed a striking similarity to that of Fd I. The protein consists of 64 residues and its amino acid sequence is in agreement with a molecular mass of 6822.5 Da as measured by electrospray MS. Fd II contains five cysteine residues of which the first four (Cys11, Cys14, Cys17 and Cys54) are likely ligands for the single [4Fe-4S] cluster. A covalently cross-linked complex between PFOR and Fd I or Fd II was obtained by using a water soluble carbodiimide. This complex exhibited a stoichiometry of one ferredoxin for one PFOR subunit and is dependent on the ionic strength. The second-order rate constants for electron transfer between PFOR and Fds determined electrochemically using cyclic voltammetry are 7 x 107 M-1.s-1 for Fd I and 2 x 107 M-1.s-1 for Fd II and Fd III. The Km values of PFOR for Fd I and Fd II measured both by the electrochemical and the spectrophotometric method have been found to be 3 microM and 5 microM, respectively. The three-dimensional modelling of Fd II and surface analysis of Fd I, Fd II and PFOR suggest that a protein-protein complex is likely to be formed between aspartic acid/glutamic acid invariant residues of Fds and lysine residues surrounding the distal [4Fe-4S] cluster of PFOR. All of these studies are indicative of the involvement of electrostatic interactions between the two redox partners. (+info)S-layer-coated liposomes as a versatile system for entrapping and binding target molecules. (5/267)
In the present study, unilamellar liposomes coated with the crystalline bacterial cell surface layer (S-layer) protein of Bacillus stearothermophilus PV72/p2 were used as matrix for defined binding of functional molecules via the avidin- or streptavidin-biotin bridge. The liposomes were composed of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and hexadecylamine in a molar ratio of 10:5:4 and they had an average size of 180 nm. For introducing specific functions into the S-layer lattice without affecting substances encapsulated within the liposomes, crosslinking and activation reagents had to be identified which did not penetrate the liposomal membrane. Among different reagents, a hydrophilic dialdehyde generated by periodate cleavage of raffinose and a sulfo-succinimide activated dicarboxylic acid were found to be impermeable for the liposomal membrane. Both reagents completely crosslinked the S-layer lattice without interfering with its regular structure. Biotinylation of S-layer-coated liposomes was achieved by coupling p-diazobenzoyl biocytin which preferably reacts with the phenolic residue of tyrosine or with the imidazole ring of histidine. By applying this method, two biotin residues accessible for subsequent avidin binding were introduced per S-layer subunit. As visualized by labeling with biotinylated ferritin, an ordered monomolecular layer of streptavidin was formed on the surface of the S-layer-coated liposomes. As a second model system, biotinylated anti-human IgG was attached via the streptavidin bridge to the biotinylated S-layer-coated liposomes. The biological activity of the bound anti-human IgG was confirmed by ELISA. (+info)An essential glutamyl residue in EmrE, a multidrug antiporter from Escherichia coli. (6/267)
EmrE is an Escherichia coli 12-kDa protein that confers resistance to toxic compounds, by actively removing them in exchange with protons. The protein includes eight charged residues. Seven of these residues are located in the hydrophilic loops and can be replaced with either Cys or another amino acid bearing the same charge, without impairing transport activity. Glu-14 is the only charged residue in the membrane domain and is conserved in all the proteins of the family. We show here that this residue is the site of action of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, a carbodiimide known to act in hydrophobic environments. When Glu-14 was replaced with either Cys or Asp, resistance was abolished. Whereas the E14C mutant displays no transport activity, the E14D protein shows efflux and exchange at rates about 30-50% that of the wild type. The maximal DeltapH-driven uptake rate of E14D is only 10% that of the wild type. The mutant shows a different pH profile in all the transport modes. Our results support the notion that Glu-14 is an essential part of a binding domain shared by substrates and protons but mutually exclusive in time. This notion provides the molecular basis for the obligatory exchange catalyzed by EmrE. (+info)Identification and characterization of a novel cAMP receptor protein in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. (7/267)
Three open reading frames of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 encoding a domain homologous with the cAMP binding domain of bacterial cAMP receptor protein were analyzed. These three open reading frames, sll1371, sll1924, and slr0593, which were named sycrp1, sycrp2, and sypk, respectively, were expressed in Escherichia coli as His-tagged or glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins and purified, and their biochemical properties were investigated. The results obtained for equilibrium dialysis measurements using these recombinant proteins suggest that SYCRP1 and SYPK show a binding affinity for cAMP while SYCRP2 does not. The dissociation constant of His-tagged SYCRP1 for cAMP is approximately 3 microM. A cross-linking experiment using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide revealed that His-tagged SYCRP1 forms a homodimer, and the presence or absence of cAMP does not affect the formation of the homodimer. The amino acid sequence reveals that SYCRP1 has a domain similar to the DNA binding domain of bacterial cAMP receptor protein in the COOH-terminal region. Consistent with this, His-tagged SYCRP1 forms a complex with DNA that contains the consensus sequence for E. coli cAMP receptor protein in the presence of cAMP. These results strongly suggest that SYCRP1 is a novel cAMP receptor protein. (+info)Comparison of the efficiency of various coupling systems in the acylation of model secondary amines with thymin-1-ylacetic acid. (8/267)
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) make a promising group of DNA analogues. The backbone of typical PNA oligomers is composed of N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine units, linked by the peptide bonds. The backbone secondary amine groups are acylated with carboxyalkyl derivatives of nucleobases. One of the PNA synthesis step causing some problems is the acylation of the monomer backbone with the nucleobase derivatives. The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of various coupling systems in the acylation. Simple model compounds (piperidine and proline) were used, as well as equimolar amounts of the coupling reagents. Selected systems based on carbodiimides, aminium or phosphonium salts, mixed anhydride, and active esters were tested. (+info)
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N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
The C−N=C=N−C core of carbodiimides (N=C=N) is linear, being related to the structure of allene. The molecule has idealized C2 ... Carbodiimide Jeffrey S. Albert, Andrew D. Hamilton, Amy C. Hart, Xiaoming Feng, Lili Lin, Zhen Wang (2017). "1,3‐ ... Carbodiimides" (PDF). Journal of Organic Chemistry. 43 (25): 4689-4690. doi:10.1021/jo00419a001. Campbell, T. W.; Monagle, J. J ... Jászay, Z. M.; Petneházy, I.; Töke, L.; Szajáni, B. (1987). "Preparation of Carbodiimides Using Phase-Transfer Catalysis". ...
DeLos F. DeTar
DeTar, D.F.; Silverstein, R. (1966). "Reactions of Carbodiimides. I. The Mechanisms of the Reactions of Acetic Acid with ...
Amidine
Ulrich, Henri (2007). Chemistry and technology of carbodiimides. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470065105. ( ... and can be accessed by reaction of a carbodiimide with an organometallic compound such as methyl lithium. They are used widely ...
Hydrazine
Weinshenker NM, Shen CM, Wong JY (1977). "Polymeric Carbodiimide. Preparation". Org. Synth. 56: 95. doi:10.15227/orgsyn. ...
Hydroamination
Koller, J.; Bergman, R.G. (2010). "Highly Efficient Aluminum-Catalyzed Hydro-amination/-hydrazination of Carbodiimides". ...
Hapten
Carbodiimide: A group of compounds with a general formula of R-N=C=N-R′, where R and R′ are either aliphatic (i.e., ... Agents with at least two chemically reactive groups such as carbodiimide or glutaraldehyde are to aid the conjugation of ... Bauminger, Sara; Wilchek, Meir (1980). "[7] the use of carbodiimides in the preparation of immunizing conjugates". ... diethylcarbodiimide) or aromatic (i.e., diphenylcarbodiimide). Conjugation using a carbodiimide requires the presence of α or ɛ ...
Carbon disulfide
Li, Zhen; Mayer, Robert J.; Ofial, Armin R.; Mayr, Herbert (2020-04-27). "From Carbodiimides to Carbon Dioxide: Quantification ...
Isocyanate
Carbodiimides are produced by the decarboxylation of alkyl and aryl isocyanate using phosphine oxides as a catalyst: C 6 H 11 ... In terms of bonding, isocyanates are closely related to carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbodiimides (C(NR)2). The C−N=C=O unit that ... Li, Zhen; Mayer, Robert J.; Ofial, Armin R.; Mayr, Herbert (2020-04-27). "From Carbodiimides to Carbon Dioxide: Quantification ...
Carbon dioxide
ISBN 978-0-07-032760-3. Li Z, Mayer RJ, Ofial AR, Mayr H (May 2020). "From Carbodiimides to Carbon Dioxide: Quantification of ...
N,N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide
N,N′-Diisopropylcarbodiimide is a carbodiimide used in peptide synthesis. As a liquid, it is easier to handle than the commonly ... "Reinvestigation of the reactions of carbodiimides with alkoxycarbonylamino acid symmetrical anhydrides : Isolation of two N'- ... Carbodiimides, Reagents for biochemistry, Biochemistry, Biochemistry methods, Isopropyl compounds). ...
Maser
... and carbodiimide (HNCNH). Water molecules in star-forming regions can undergo a population inversion and emit radiation at ... "Interstellar Carbodiimide (HNCNH): A New Astronomical Detection from the GBT Primos Survey Via Maser Emission Features". The ...
Nucleic acid structure determination
... carbodiimide, also known as EDC, is a water-soluble carbodiimide that exhibits similar reactivity as CMC, and is also used for ... The carbodiimide moiety can also form covalent adducts at exposed nucleobases, which are uracil, and to a smaller extent ... 1-cyclohexyl-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluene sulfonate, also known as CMCT or CMC, is the most commonly used ... Wang, PY; Sexton, AN; Culligan, WJ; Simon, MD (2019). "Carbodiimide reagents for the chemical probing of RNA structure in cells ...
Imide
Organic compounds called carbodiimides have the formula RN=C=NR. They are unrelated to imides. The PubChem links gives access ...
Peptide synthesis
Conversely, the related carbodiimide 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) is often used for solution-phase ... Carbodiimide activation opens the possibility for racemization of the activated amino acid. Racemization can be circumvented ... Carbodiimides such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) are frequently used for amide bond ... Some coupling reagents omit the carbodiimide completely and incorporate the HOAt/HOBt moiety as an aminium/uronium or ...
Hexa(tert-butoxy)ditungsten(III)
... carbodiimide and allene adducts of hexakis (Trifluoromethyl t-botoxy) ditungsten. A comparison of ligand binding to W2(Ot-Bu)6 ...
Urea
... s are closely related to biurets and related in structure to amides, carbamates, carbodiimides, and thiocarbamides. Urea ...
Fluorescence in the life sciences
... via activation with carbodiimide and subsequent coupling with amine); thiol (e.g. via maleimide or iodoacetamides); azide (e.g ...
Diazomethane
... whose minor tautomer is carbodiimide, is an isomer of diazomethane. Less stable but still isolable isomers of diazomethane ...
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
These ligands are attached to the microbubbles using carbodiimide, maleimide, or biotin-streptavidin coupling. Biotin- ...
Weinreb ketone synthesis
Various carbodiimide-, hydroxybenzotriazole-, and triphenylphosphine-based couplings have been reported specifically for this ...
Rhodium(II) acetate
Hubert, A. J.; Feron, A.; Warin, R.; Teyssie, P. (1976). "Synthesis of iminoaziridines from carbodiimides and diazoesters : A ...
Richard Dronskowski
His research focuses on the following topics: solid-state chemistry quantum chemistry nitrides carbodiimides guanidinates ... Metal Carbodiimides as Molecular Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Excellent Cycling ... the First Carbodiimide of a Magnetic Transition Metal". Inorganic Chemistry. American Chemical Society (ACS). 44 (9): 3001-3003 ...
Pauson-Khand reaction
The total synthesis of physostigmine by the Mukai group utilized the PKR on a carbodiimide. Cyclobutadiene also lends itself to ...
Carbones
Carbodiimides, and Their Selenium, Tellurium, and Phosphorus Analogues". Science of Synthesis. 18: 65-320. doi:10.1055/sos-SD- ...
Bioconjugation
Azie, O; Greenberg, ZF; Batich, CD; Dobson, JP (2019). "Carbodiimide Conjugation of Latent Transforming Growth Factor β1 to ...
Astrophysical maser
2012), "Interstellar Carbodiimide (HNCNH) - A New Astronomical Detection from the GBT PRIMOS Survey via Maser Emission Features ... "Interstellar Carbodiimide (HNCNH): A New Astronomical Detection from the GBT PRIMOS Survey via Maser Emission Features". The ...
Superparamagnetic relaxometry
The Ab is conjugated to the superparamagnetic iron oxide NP by different methods including the carbodiimide method. The ...
Proteinoid
... amidinium carbodiimide, is formed in primitive Earth experiments and is effective in dilute aqueous solutions. When present in ...
Pfitzner-Moffatt oxidation
J. G. Moffatt, "Sulfoxide-Carbodiimide and Related Oxidations" in Oxidation vol. 2, R. L. Augustine, D. J. Trecker, Eds. ( ... Parikh-Doering oxidation - mechanistically similar alcohol oxidation, replaces carbodiimide with sulfur trioxide Corey-Kim ... formed by a reaction between DSMO and the carbodiimide. This species is highly reactive and is attacked by the alcohol. ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
... the oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein is essential for dicyclohexyl carbodiimide-sensitive ATPase". Biochim. Biophys. ...
Carbodiimide - Wikipedia
As weak bases, carbodiimides bind to Lewis acids to give adducts. Carbodiimides are reagents for the Moffatt oxidation, a ... 1-cyclohexyl-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluene sulfonate is a carbodiimide developed for the chemical probing of ... though this mostly occurs with low melting point carbodiimides that are liquids at room temperature. Solid diaryl carbodiimides ... Three principal resonance structures describe carbodiimides: RN=C=NR ↔ RN+≡C-N−R ↔ RN−-C≡N+R The N=C=N core is relatively ...
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About: dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide
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Stage #1: glycyrrhizin With 1-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In 1,4-dioxane at 0 - 5℃;. Stage #2: L- ... Stage #1: glycyrrhizin With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In N,N-dimethyl- ... With benzotriazol-1-ol; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In pyridine; DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide). 60%. ...
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AP was conjugated to the surface of PFH/PLGA NPs according to a carbodiimide method. The prepared PFH/PLGA NPs (10 mg) was ... Methods: We synthesized AP-PFH/PLGA NPs using double emulsion method and carbodiimide method. Then, we evaluated targeting ... Specifically, we successfully synthesized AP-PFH/PLGA NPs using double emulsion method and carbodiimide method. The elaborately ... Shanghai, China). 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS), ...
Reagents4
- Carbodiimides are reagents for the Moffatt oxidation, a protocol for conversion of an alcohol to a carbonyl (ketone or aldehyde) using dimethyl sulfoxide as the oxidizing agent: (CH3)2SO + (CyN)2C + R2CHOH → (CH3)2S + (CyNH)2CO + R2C=O Typically the sulfoxide and diimide are used in excess. (wikipedia.org)
- There are many different types of peptide coupling reagents (e.g., carbodiimides, aminium/uranium salts, and phosphonium salts). (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
- 2-(Alkoxycarbonyl)cycloimmonium N-aminides are efficient 1,4-dipoles that react with different types of reagents such as carbodiimides, benzoyliso(thio)cyanates and heterocyclic imidoyl chlorides to give new heterobetaines containing fused [l,2,4]triazinium systems. (uah.es)
- Luxembourg Bio Technologies supplies the most popular and effective coupling reagents on the market, including carbodiimides and phosphonium and iminium salts. (luxembourg-bio.com)
Amide3
- The formation of an amide using a carbodiimide is a common reaction, but carries the risk of several side reactions. (wikipedia.org)
- Super-paramagnetic beads (SPMB)s used for a variety of molecular diagnostic assays are prepared by attaching pre-synthesized oligonucleotides to the surface via a cumbersome and low efficient method of carbodiimide-mediated amide bond formation. (mysciencework.com)
- The amide bond was found to form efficiently via the n-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester chlorin derivative, and standard coupling techniques of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDCI), and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) were used in the linker synthesis. (wwu.edu)
Chemistry8
- In organic chemistry, a carbodiimide (systematic IUPAC name: methanediimine) is a functional group with the formula RN=C=NR. They are exclusively synthetic. (wikipedia.org)
- with IL-10 protein by carbodiimide crosslinker chemistry. (immune-source.com)
- and covalent conjugation of Ag-PVP-COOH with recombinant mouse IL-10 using EDC/NHS (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-Hydroxysuccinimide) chemistry. (immune-source.com)
- Carbodiimide Modified MDI - BASF uses carbodiimide chemistry to modify and stabilize the monomeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate. (azeliscanada.com)
- Methods Carbodiimide chemistry was employed to conjugate 1,3-β-glucan and rhodamine to PLGA. (nwu.ac.za)
- Carbodiimide chemistry allows rapid formation of stable bonds to minimize ligand leaching. (cytivalifesciences.com)
- After preparation of PCDH/PCDH-COOH (9/1, m/m) mixed micelles, Annexin V was coupled with the micelles using carbodiimide chemistry. (ithera-medical.com)
- At first, we developed a surface modified PMMA microfluidic microplate, where the protein was covalently bound either to the carboxylated PMMA surface using carbodiimide chemistry or to the amine dense PMMA surface functionalized with polylysine. (utep.edu)
Synthesis5
- A well known carbodiimide is dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, which is used in peptide synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- In organic synthesis, compounds containing the carbodiimide functionality are used as dehydration agents. (wikipedia.org)
- A carbodiimide that is used as a chemical intermediate and coupling agent in peptide synthesis. (jefferson.edu)
- In this study, we synthesized the FCC system using carbodiimide synthesis. (esmo.org)
- Figure 1: The schematic reaction mechanism for the synthesis of polyphenol-polysaccharide conjugates by (a) 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide (EDC)-mediated, (b) enzyme-mediated, and (c). (rodlike.com)
Hydrochloride5
- A cross-linked porous silk fibroin (SF) material was prepared by freeze-drying.1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N- hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (MES) were added in different concentrations of SF solutions. (global-sci.com)
- 98%), 3\mercaptopropionic acidity (MPA), N\hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), and 1\ethyl\3\(3\dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) were purchased from Sigma\Aldrich. (bioinf.org)
- 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride. (elsevier.com)
- The produced nanofibrous mats were crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide. (uludag.edu.tr)
- Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) encapsulated in positively charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) were reacted with an oxygen plasma modified polysulfone UF membrane with and without 1-ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) present. (edu.sa)
Imines1
- Although such compounds are extremely rare they are often implicated in industrially relevant transformations including the metathesis of imines, aldehydes and carbodiimides and group transfer reactions. (uleth.ca)
Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide1
- DCC (acronym for N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) was one of the first carbodiimides developed as a reagent. (wikipedia.org)
Urea1
- Motor-3 can harvest the energy by converting this carbodiimide to urea. (rug.nl)
Reagent3
- A typical reagent for this process is mercuric oxide: (R(H)N)2CS + HgO → (RN)2C + HgS + H2O This reaction can often be conducted as stated, even though carbodiimides react with water. (wikipedia.org)
- Studies with substrate analogues and the pH optimum indicated the involvement of carboxyl group in the active site of goat carboxypeptidase A. Chemical modification of the enzyme with 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl) carbodiimide methoI -p-toluene sulphonate, a carboxyl specific reagent, led to loss of both esterase and peptidase activities. (who.int)
- Kinetic studies also confirmed the involvement of carboxylic group because the enzyme modification with water soluble carbodiimide was a two step reaction which excluded the possibility of tyrosine or lysine which are known to give a one step reaction with this reagent. (who.int)
Carboxylic5
- The acid 1 will react with the carbodiimide to produce the key intermediate: the O-acylisourea 2, which can be viewed as a carboxylic ester with an activated leaving group. (wikipedia.org)
- The carboxylic acid can be activated with carbodiimides (e. g. (lumiprobe.com)
- New acidic chain termini were observed by carbodiimide-mediated amidation of carboxylic acids as anilides of gluconic, arabinonic, and erythronic acids. (ethz.ch)
- Free carboxylic acid functions of POE are then activated by a NHS:EDC solution (NHS = N-Hydroxysuccinimide, EDC = 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide). (horiba.com)
- More recently, the ability to efficiently prepare amides from carboxylic acids via commercially available activating agents immobilized on polystyrene and silica gel supports (e.g. 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), dichlorotriazine (DCT), carbodiimide) expands the synthetic chemist's SPOC toolbox. (auroraanalytics.com)
Crosslinker1
- Uses carbodiimide crosslinker. (quakercolor.com)
Reaction2
- Isocyanates can be converted to carbodiimides with loss of carbon dioxide: 2 RN=C=O → (RN)2C + CO2 The reaction is catalyzed by phosphine oxides. (wikipedia.org)
- Selective modification of aspartic acid-101 in lysozyme by carbodiimide reaction. (supp.ai)
Dimethylamino2
- The aspartate was subsequently labeled with the N-cyclohexyl-N'-(4-(dimethylamino)naphthyl)carbodiimide (NCD-4) fluorophore, whereas tryptophan is autofluorescent. (cdc.gov)
- To address this issue, we examined in more detail the CYP3A4-UGT2B7 association by means of immunoprecipitation, overlay assay, and cross-linking involving 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide. (aspetjournals.org)
Amino1
- After removing the orthogonal protection, a carbodiimide mediated lactamization, involving the ε-amino group of lysine and γ-carboxy group of aspartic acid, led to a cyclic intermediate. (peptidepros.net)
Isocyanates1
- Phosphorus-based catalysts are used for the production of carbodiimides from isocyanates. (factmr.com)
React1
- Compared to other heteroallenes, carbodiimides are very weak electrophiles and only react with nucleophiles in the presence of catalysts, such as acids. (wikipedia.org)
Thio1
- Taking advantage of our accumulated technology over a long time, we are developing various kinds of Thio compounds, Azide compounds, Tetrazoles and Carbodiimides. (toyobo-global.com)
Liquids2
- Some diaryl derivatives tend to convert to dimers and polymers upon standing at room temperature, though this mostly occurs with low melting point carbodiimides that are liquids at room temperature. (wikipedia.org)
- The carbodiimide-modified MDIs are liquids that are stable and clear at room temperature. (azeliscanada.com)
Transient2
- In this work, we describe two macrocyclic diacids that, on treatment with carbodiimides, give transient macrobicyclic cages analogous to polyether cages. (miamioh.edu)
- A 2nd generation PN 3 P-pincer azido nickel complex (PN 3 P)Ni(N 3 ) reacts with isocyanides to afford monosubstituted carbodiimides under irradiation, presumably via a transient nitrido intermediate. (edu.sa)
Acid3
- Immunohistochemistry of carbodiimide fixed spleen revealed a dramatic increase in the number of quinolinic acid-positive cells in the red pulp in the immune-stimulated animals. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- Poly(methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) microspheres were prepared and the acid groups were activated by using either carbodiimide (CDI) or thionyl chloride (SOCl2). (metu.edu.tr)
- The terminal propionic acid moiety can be coupled directly to free amines using EDC or another carbodiimide. (quantabiodesign.com)
Bovine2
- Porcine VIP coupled to bovine thyroglobulin (BTg) with carbodiimide (CDI) linker. (origene.com)
- A mixture of the desired enzyme, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and arginine were reacted with carbodiimide to formstable hydrogels. (ias.ac.in)
Crystals2
- The preparative decomposition of semi-organic crystals: metal carbodiimides become functional. (mpg.de)
- To preserve the cysteines of the CJ Greg crystals, crosslinking is conducted using 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). (csubiomod.com)
Stable1
- Solid diaryl carbodiimides are more stable, but can slowly undergo hydrolysis in the presence of water over time. (wikipedia.org)
Formation1
- Reacting it with a carbodiimide as fuel (pictured below), constant intramolecular anhydride formation between the rings and hydrolysis of the anhydride occur. (chemistryviews.org)
Water2
- Photochemical and electrocatalytic water oxidation activity of cobalt carbodiimide. (mpg.de)
- First, carboxymethyl b-cyclodextrin (CM b-CD) was grafted onto carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) using water-soluble 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as the condensing agents. (coek.info)
Give1
- As weak bases, carbodiimides bind to Lewis acids to give adducts. (wikipedia.org)
Method2
- We synthesized AP-PFH/PLGA NPs using double emulsion method and carbodiimide method. (dovepress.com)
- An alternative method to pre-activating ribonucleotides was investigated by using a carbodiimide to activate ribonucleotides in situ. (rpi.edu)
Effect1
- The Anti-calcification Effect of Dithiobispropionimidate, Carbodiimide and Ultraviolet Irradiation C. (jchestsurg.org)
Chemical1
- We have engineered and isolated ALC Pegylated Mono both from the chemical bioconjugate carbodiimide indirect or direct AU-S binding. (electroforese.com)
Control2
- Our group, which includes Population Services International (PSI), conducted a survey to evaluate malaria prevalence in Haiti during December 2014-February 2015 as part of the malaria control activities supported by the Global Fund- ( https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/malaria/ ). (cdc.gov)
- This results in directional control, such that the catalysis of the carbodiimide hydration by the motor molecule continuously results in a net directional rotation about the N-C bond. (chemistryviews.org)
Agents1
- The dehydration of N,N'-dialkylureas gives carbodiimides: (R(H)N)2CO → (RN)2C + H2O Phosphorus pentoxide and p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride have been used as a dehydrating agents. (wikipedia.org)