Nanoparticles
Polymers
Atmosphere Exposure Chambers
Drug Carriers
Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.
Water
Absorbent Pads
Pads made of various materials used for personal hygiene usually for absorbing URINE or FECES. They can be worn as underpants or pants liners by various age groups, from NEWBORNS to the ELDERLY. Absorbent pads can be made of fluff wood pulp and HYDROGEL absorbent covered with viscose rayon, polyester, polypropylene, or POLYETHYLENE coverstock.
Diaper Rash
Odors
Gas Scavengers
Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary Drugs
Drugs used by veterinarians in the treatment of animal diseases. The veterinarian's pharmacological armamentarium is the counterpart of drugs treating human diseases, with dosage and administration adjusted to the size, weight, disease, and idiosyncrasies of the species. In the United States most drugs are subject to federal regulations with special reference to the safety of drugs and residues in edible animal products.
Surgery, Veterinary
A board-certified specialty of VETERINARY MEDICINE, requiring at least four years of special education, training, and practice of veterinary surgery after graduation from veterinary school. In the written, oral, and practical examinations candidates may choose either large or small animal surgery. (From AVMA Directory, 43d ed, p278)
Schools, Veterinary
Pathology, Veterinary
Veterinarians
Tin
Fluorides
Calcium Phosphates
Dentifrices
Triaziquone
Cariostatic Agents
Polyphosphates
Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose
Carbamyl Phosphate
Dictionaries as Topic
Carbamates
Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid.
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing)
Triclosan
Waste Disposal, Fluid
Water Purification
Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized; for example, chlorination, filtration, primary treatment, ion exchange, and distillation. It includes treatment of WASTE WATER to provide potable and hygienic water in a controlled or closed environment as well as provision of public drinking water supplies.
Benzene
Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.
Aniline Hydroxylase
Chemistry
Chemical Phenomena
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Effects of an antibacterial soap on the ecology of aerobic bacterial flora of human skin. (1/48)
The effects of ad lib use of an antibacterial soap containing 1.0% trichlorocarbanilide and 0.5% trifluoromethyldichlorocarbanilide on the bacterial flora of six skin sites of 132 subjects were measured by comparison with the flora of 93 control subjects who avoided the use of topical antibacterials. Each subject was examined once. The test soap produced significant reductions in geometric mean counts of the total aerobic flora on the back, chest, forearm, calf, and foot; counts were also reduced in the axilla, but not to a significant extent. The overall reduction by the test soap on all sites was 62% (P less than 0.001). Neither age nor sex influenced the effect of the soap on the flora. The antibacterial soap also reduced the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus on the skin, mostly by virtually eliminating it from areas other than the axilla. Partial inhibition of the gram-positive flora was not accompanied by an increase in gram-negative species. The latter were found principally in the axilla; Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes were the species most frequently found. (+info)New class of small nonpeptidyl compounds blocks Plasmodium falciparum development in vitro by inhibiting plasmepsins. (2/48)
Malarial parasites rely on aspartic proteases called plasmepsins to digest hemoglobin during the intraerythrocytic stage. Plasmepsins from Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax have been cloned and expressed for a variety of structural and enzymatic studies. Recombinant plasmepsins possess kinetic similarity to the native enzymes, indicating their suitability for target-based antimalarial drug development. We developed an automated assay of P. falciparum plasmepsin II and P. vivax plasmepsin to quickly screen compounds in the Walter Reed chemical database. A low-molecular-mass (346 Da) diphenylurea derivative (WR268961) was found to inhibit plasmepsins with a K(i) of 1 to 6 microM. This compound appears to be selective for plasmepsin, since it is a poor inhibitor of the human aspartic protease cathepsin D (K(i) greater than 280 microM). WR268961 inhibited the growth of P. falciparum strains W2 and D6, with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.16 microg/ml, but was much less toxic to mammalian cells. The Walter Reed chemical database contains over 1,500 compounds with a diphenylurea core structure, 9 of which inhibit the plasmepsins, with K(i) values ranging from 0.05 to 0.68 microM. These nine compounds show specificity for the plasmepsins over human cathepsin D, but they are poor inhibitors of P. falciparum growth in vitro. Computational docking experiments indicate how diphenylurea compounds bind to the plasmepsin active site and inhibit the enzyme. (+info)Acute depigmentation of fertile brown eggs in a commercial layer operation. (3/48)
Rapid depigmentation of brown eggs is an infrequent but startling event in the commercial egg industry that can result in significant economic losses. Loss of shell pigment in brown-shelled eggs is caused by various factors. In many cases, the exact cause of flock-wide pigment loss remains undetermined. A rapid decline in shell pigmentation was observed in 2 flocks of Hyline brown layers. The lack of evidence of an infectious disease process suggested a feed or management problem. On the basis of a small-scale, "in-house" feeding trial, the feed was identified as the cause of depigmentation. Feed analysis by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide, a major component of nicarbazin (NCZ). There was no evidence of increased mortality, and only a slight but transient drop in the egg production was observed. Depigmentation effects were rapidly reversed after replacing the feed with NCZ-free feed. (+info)Partitioning, persistence, and accumulation in digested sludge of the topical antiseptic triclocarban during wastewater treatment. (4/48)
The topical antiseptic agent triclocarban (TCC) is a common additive in many antimicrobial household consumables, including soaps and other personal care products. Long-term usage of the mass-produced compound and a lack of understanding of its fate during sewage treatment motivated the present mass balance analysis conducted at a typical U.S. activated sludge wastewater treatment plant featuring a design capacity of 680 million liters per day. Using automated samplers and grab sampling, the mass of TCC contained in influent, effluent, and digested sludge was monitored by isotope dilution liquid chromatography (tandem) mass spectrometry. The average mass of TCC (mean +/- standard deviation) entering and exiting the plant in influent (6.1 +/- 2.0 microg/L) and effluent (0.17 +/- 0.03 microg/ L) was 3737 +/- 694 and 127 +/- 6 g/d, respectively, indicating an aqueous-phase removal efficiency of 97 +/- 1%. Tertiary treatment by chlorination and sand filtration provided no detectable benefit to the overall removal. Due to strong sorption of TCC to wastewater particulate matter (78 +/- 11% sorbed), the majority of the TCC mass was sequestered into sludge in the primary and secondary clarifiers of the plant. Anaerobic digestion for 19 days did not promote TCC transformation, resulting in an accumulation of the antiseptic compound in dewatered, digested municipal sludge to levels of 51 +/- 15 mg/kg dry weight (2815 +/- 917 g/d). In addition to the biocide mass passing through the plant contained in the effluent (3 +/- 1%), 76 +/- 30% of the TCC input entering the plant underwent no net transformation and instead partitioned into and accumulated in municipal sludge. Based on the rate of beneficial reuse of sludge produced by this facility (95%), which exceeds the national average (63%), study results suggest that approximately three-quarters of the mass of TCC disposed of by consumers in the sewershed of the plant ultimately is released into the environment by application of municipal sludge (biosolids) on land used in part for agriculture. (+info)Identification of a Bis-guanylhydrazone [4,4'-Diacetyldiphenylurea-bis(guanylhydrazone); NSC 109555] as a novel chemotype for inhibition of Chk2 kinase. (5/48)
Chk2 is a protein kinase involved in the ATM-dependent checkpoint pathway (http://discover.nci.nih.gov/mim). This pathway is activated by genomic instability and DNA damage and results in either cell cycle arrest, to allow DNA repair to occur, or cell death (apoptosis). Chk2 is activated by ATM-mediated phosphorylation and autophosphorylation and in turn phosphorylates its downstream targets (Cdc25A, Cdc25C, BRCA1, p53, Hdmx, E2F1, PP2A, and PML). Inhibition of Chk2 has been proposed to sensitize p53-deficient cells as well as protect normal tissue after exposure to DNA-damaging agents. We have developed a drug-screening program for specific Chk2 inhibitors using a fluorescence polarization assay, immobilized metal ion affinity-based fluorescence polarization (IMAP). This assay detects the degree of phosphorylation of a fluorescently linked substrate by Chk2. From a screen of over 100,000 compounds from the NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program, we identified a bis-guanylhydrazone [4,4'-diacetyldiphenylureabis(guanylhydrazone); NSC 109555] as a lead compound. In vitro data show the specific inhibition of Chk2 kinase activity by NSC 109555 using in vitro kinase assays and kinase-profiling experiments. NSC 109555 was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of Chk2 with respect to ATP, which was supported by docking of NSC 109555 into the ATP binding pocket of the Chk2 catalytic domain. The potency of NSC 109555 was comparable with that of other known Chk2 inhibitors, such as debromohymenialdisine and 2-arylbenzimidazole. These data define a novel chemotype for the development of potent and selective inhibitors of Chk2. This class of drugs may ultimately be useful in combination with current DNA-damaging agents used in the clinic. (+info)The RET kinase inhibitor NVP-AST487 blocks growth and calcitonin gene expression through distinct mechanisms in medullary thyroid cancer cells. (6/48)
The RET kinase has emerged as a promising target for the therapy of medullary thyroid cancers (MTC) and of a subset of papillary thyroid cancers. NVP-AST487, a N,N'-diphenyl urea with an IC(50) of 0.88 mumol/L on RET kinase, inhibited RET autophosphorylation and activation of downstream effectors, and potently inhibited the growth of human thyroid cancer cell lines with activating mutations of RET but not of lines without RET mutations. NVP-AST487 induced a dose-dependent growth inhibition of xenografts of NIH3T3 cells expressing oncogenic RET, and of the MTC cell line TT in nude mice. MTCs secrete calcitonin, a useful indicator of tumor burden. Human plasma calcitonin levels derived from the TT cell xenografts were inhibited shortly after treatment, when tumor volume was still unchanged, indicating that the effects of RET kinase inhibition on calcitonin secretion were temporally dissociated from its tumor-inhibitory properties. Accordingly, NVP-AST487 inhibited calcitonin gene expression in vitro in TT cells, in part, through decreased gene transcription. These data point to a previously unknown physiologic role of RET signaling on calcitonin gene expression. Indeed, the RET ligands persephin and GDNF robustly stimulated calcitonin mRNA, which was blocked by pretreatment with NVP-AST487. Antagonists of RET kinase activity in patients with MTC may result in effects on plasma calcitonin that are either disproportionate or dissociated from the effects on tumor burden, because RET kinase mediates a physiologic pathway controlling calcitonin secretion. The role of traditional tumor biomarkers may need to be reassessed as targeted therapies designed against oncoproteins with key roles in pathogenesis are implemented. (+info)Triclocarban enhances testosterone action: a new type of endocrine disruptor? (7/48)
Many xenobiotics have been associated with endocrine effects in a wide range of biological systems. These associations are usually between small nonsteroid molecules and steroid receptor signaling systems. In this report, triclocarban (TCC; 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide), a common ingredient in personal care products that is used as an antimicrobial agent was evaluated and found to represent a new category of endocrine-disrupting substance. A cell-based androgen receptor-mediated bioassay was used to demonstrate that TCC and other urea compounds with a similar structure, which have little or no endocrine activity when tested alone, act to enhance testosterone (T)-induced androgen receptor-mediated transcriptional activity in vitro. This amplification effect of TCC was also apparent in vivo when 0.25% TCC was added to the diet of castrated male rats that were supported by exogenous testosterone treatment for 10 d. All male sex accessory organs increased significantly in size after the T+TCC treatment, compared with T or TCC treatments alone. The data presented here suggest that the bioactivity of endogenous hormones may be amplified by exposure to commercial personal care products containing sufficient levels of TCC. (+info)Inhibitors of bacterial multidrug efflux pumps potentiate antimicrobial photoinactivation. (8/48)
(+info)
Exposure to Triclocarban During Pregnancy Disrupts Offsprings Gut Microbiota
A small, underpowered treasure trove? - Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science
Say Goodbye to Antibacterial Soaps: Why the FDA is banning a household item - Science in the News
Say Goodbye to Antibacterial Soaps: Why the FDA is banning a household item - Science in the News
FDA Bans 19 Ingredients in Antibacterial Soaps | Freedom Health News
FDA Bans Chemicals Commonly Found in Antibacterial Soaps - Zero Breast Cancer
Household Triclosan and Triclocarban Use and the Developing Infant Microbiome - Julie Parsonnet
triclocarban (CHEBI:48347)
triclocarban (CHEBI:48347)
Environmental Health Perspectives - In Vitro Evaluation of Mitochondrial Function and Estrogen Signaling in Cell Lines...
Chemical in antibacterial soap fed to nursing rats harms offspring
Identification of new transformation products during enzymatic treatment of tetracycline and erythromycin antibiotics at...
BestThaiComplex Asepso Antibacterial Agent Soap 2.8 Oz / 80 G (Pack
| NinthAvenue - Europe
european chemical agency apporoved hand gel
12:54 am
Myth of a germ-free world: A closer look at antimicrobial products - ScienceBlog.com
Antibacterials 101 - 1 - Be Healthy, Be Happy
No. 7 Bonding Oil
Lakeside Views: January 2016
Identification of metabolites and thermal transformation products of quinolones in raw cow milk by liquid chromatography...
Effect-Based Identification of Hazardous Antibiotic Transformation Products after Water Chlorination
Workshop Report 05 - Alternative Testing Approaches in Environmental Risk Assessment - Ecetoc
2-({3-(octadecanoyloxy)-2,2-bis[[](octadecanoyl... - Registration Dossier - ECHA
UV-curable, non-chlorinated adhesion promoters - Patent # 6831115 - PatentGenius
Brake Parts Cleaner Ef, 20 Oz. Aerosol Can, 12/carton
- Stateside Procurement Services
Antibacterial Hand Soap Is First Choice For Healthcare Facilities
Octocrilene - Registration Dossier - ECHA
membrane
Brake Parts Cleaner
lucas oil - Extreme Duty - EXTREME DUTY CNT CLEANER AEROSOL 11OZ for sale
Reaction products of fatty acid dimers and... - Registration Dossier - ECHA
Educational Materials | Computational Mass Spectrometry
Abrell, L.<...
Temas para TCC House People - Artigos Científicos Acadêmicos
结肠癌 - 特征与治疗 | 新加坡癌症中心(TCC)
TCC Interest/Survey
Ban Roll On Deodorant Uk Natural Cheapest | galateas galate
Dove Deodorant Cream 50ml Bali Therme Flower | galateas galate
Deodorants Buyers, Deodorants Importers, Deodorants Distributors, Deodorants Wholesalers - B2B Marketplace TradeBoss.com -...
Deodorants
who makes antibacterial soaps
USE OF 2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL DODECANOATE FOR TREATING SEBORRHOEA - Patent application
Coconut Oil Deodorant
TRY SOMETHING NEW WITH NO PONG: A NATURAL DEODORANT ALTERNATIVE - Six Element
Deodorant for Sensitive Skin Eczema
Kalyx.com, Natural Marketplace & More - Crystal - Crystal Deodorant Crystal Foot Deodorant Spray (1x4 Oz)
Schmidts Deodorant - Deodorants - Swanson Health Products
hommetigre: Review Right Guard Deodorant Aerosol Fresh Unisex Deodorant Spray, 8.5 oz
edsubitosera: Review Foot Deodorant Cream 12.5g deodorant cream by Lavalin
Deodorant Roll On, Deodorant Roll On Suppliers and Manufacturers at Alibaba.com
Buy natural deodorants from UK based online store Page 1
51 Homemade Deodorant ideas | homemade deodorant, deodorant, homemade
Antibacterial soap as a body wash
Kalyx.com, Natural Marketplace & More - EO Products - Eo Products Citrus Deodorant Spray (1x4 Oz)
Probiotic Deodorant, Get Fruity Hippie
- Dirty Hippie Limited
iHerb.com - Customer Reviews -Crystal Body Deodorant, Travel Stick, Deodorant, 1.5 oz (40 g)
Safer Deodorants on the Rise; Zion Healths Non-Aluminum Natural Clay Deodorant Now Available at Whole Foods Market in Tamp... ...
Deodorant Vegan Ooka Australis 15ml jar - Wasteless Pantry Greenwood
Adiaphoretic Deodorant Spray to sell - Adiaphoretic Deodorant Spray suppliers on kassoumay.com
Natural Deodorant Redux
Toxicity Finally Gets Banned
December, 2013 | MSLK
Deodorant To Prevent Yellow Stains Pregnant Good While | praz
Crystal Deodorant - Asia Cosmetics Shop
Mens Natural Strength Plastic-Free Deodorant in Cedar Peak
AromaGuard Meadow Mist Deodorant | Young Living Essential Oils
사다 Zion Health Clay Dry Silk Deodorant, 감귤류의 꽃 - 2.5 oz 한국
Deodorant
Who do you remove deodorant stains? | Reference.com
Lavender Deodorant 50g
- Originz
Deodorants for Young Guys
Routine. Natural Deodorant (58g) - The Good Planet Company
How to Make Homemade Natural Deodorant: A Recipe
Dove Advanced Care Shea Butter Anti-Perspirant Deodorant - 2.6 oz at Target in Great Falls - 66802708
Sure Anti-Perspirant & Deodorant, Aerosol, Unscented 6 oz (170 g) at Rite Aid in Boise - 62580579
Best Deodorant For Women 2018: Top 6 Deodorants to Stay Fresh All Day
Chanel deodorant stick
Natural Deodorant Jar - 2oz - PiperWai Natural Deodorant
Clean Deodorant - natural deodorant that actually works.
- Mabrook & Co.
Top 15 Best Antibacterial Soaps for Folliculitis 2020
Effect of handwashing on child health: a randomised controlled trial
US5192530A - Antibacterial antiplaque oral composition
- Google Patents
GB2136688A - Antibiotic or gemicide layered implants
- Google Patents
Patent US6797656 - Water-absorbing composites, preparation processes thereof and water ... - Google Patents
Patente US4842593 - Disposable absorbent articles for incontinent individuals - Google Patentes
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Surface-active Compounds - Pharmacology - Merck Veterinary Manual
Patente US6521216 - Dual phase stannous oral compositions - Google Patentes
Dentinal desensitizing dentifrice providing enhanced remineralization and anticaries benefits - Colgate-Palmolive Company
Personal Care Compositions Comprising An Antimicrobial Blend of Essential Oils or Constituents Thereof - Scott, Douglas Craig
Patent US6190644 - Dentifrice compositions containing polyphosphate and monofluorophosphate - Google Patents
Staphylococcus | definition of Staphylococcus by Medical dictionary
ATCvet code QP51
OPUS at UTS: Triclocarban enhances short-chain fatty acids production from anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge -...
Carbanion - definition of carbanion by The Free Dictionary
Carbamyl - definition of carbamyl by The Free Dictionary
An abbreviated scheme for identification of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from food enrichments on CIN (cefsulodin-irgasan...
Targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase RET in combination with aromatase inhibitors in ER positive breast cancer xenografts.
The majority of breast cancers are estrogen receptor positive (ER+). Blockade of estrogen biosynthesis by aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is the first-line endocrine therapy for post-menopausal women with ER+ breast cancers. However, AI resistance remains a major challenge. We have demonstrated previously that increased GDNF/RET signaling in ER+ breast cancers promotes AI resistance. Here we investigated the efficacy of different small molecule RET kinase inhibitors, sunitinib, cabozantinib, NVP-BBT594 and NVP-AST487, and the potential of combining a RET inhibitor with the AI letrozole in ER+ breast cancers. The most effective inhibitor identified, NVP-AST487, suppressed GDNF-stimulated RET downstream signaling and 3D tumor spheroid growth. Ovariectomized mice were inoculated with ER+ aromatase-overexpressing MCF7-AROM1 cells and treated with letrozole, NVP-AST487 or the two drugs in combination. Surprisingly, the three treatment regimens showed similar efficacy in impairing MCF7-AROM1 tumor growth ...
Mass loadings of triclosan and triclocarbon from four wastewater treatment plants to three rivers and landfill in Savannah,...
Aniline and substituted Anilines Compounds < Benzene and Benzene Substituted Derivatives Class << Benzenoids superclass <<<...
DeCS
DeCS Ingl s+escopo
Carbanilides .. Compounds, Diphenylurea .. Diphenylurea Compounds .. Compounds consisting of two phenyl groups joined by a urea ... D02.065.199.326 Carbanilides .. D02.092 Amines .. D02.092.146 Aniline Compounds .. D02.092.146.113 Anilides .. D02.092.146.113. ... D02.455.426.559.389.703.202 Carbanilides .. D02.455.426.559.389.805 Terphenyl Compounds .. D02.455.426.559.389.884 Trityl ... 326 Carbanilides .. D02.092.146.755 Rosaniline Dyes .. D02.092.877 Quaternary Ammonium Compounds .. D02.092.877.096 ...
PRIME PubMed | Genotoxicity assessment of triclocarban by comet and micronucleus assays and Ames test
In Vitro Biologic Activities of the Antimicrobials Triclocarban, Its Analogs, and Triclosan in Bioassay Screens: Receptor-Based...
... but carbanilides had no effect. Conclusions Carbanilides, including TCC, enhanced hormone-dependent induction of ER- and AR- ... Carbanilides Estrogen Receptor Humans In Vitro Techniques Models, Molecular Receptors, Cell Surface Research Ryanodine Receptor ... Some carbanilides and TCS exhibited weak agonistic and/or antagonistic activity in the AhR-responsive bioassay. TCS exhibited ...
Carbasalate calcium | definition of carbasalate calcium by Medical dictionary
Phenylurea Compounds | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Yarchoan M, Agarwal P, Villanueva A, Rao S, Dawson LA, Llovet JM, Finn RS, Groopman JD, El-Serag HB, Monga SP, Wang XW, Karin M, Schwartz RE, Tanabe KK, Roberts LR, Gunaratne PH, Tsung A, Brown KA, Lawrence TS, Salem R, Singal AG, Kim AK, Rabiee A, Resar L, Hoshida Y, He AR, Ghoshal K, Ryan PB, Jaffee EM, Guha C, Mishra L, Coleman CN, Ahmed MM. Recent Developments and Therapeutic Strategies against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2019 09 01; 79(17):4326-4330 ...
Welcome to CDC stacks
Designated organic active ingredient containing (doai) > Nitrogen containing other than solely as a nitrogen in an inorganic...
NAVER Academic > Search...
Compounds2
- CONCLUSIONS: Carbanilides, including TCC, enhanced hormone-dependent induction of ER- and AR-dependent gene expression but had little agonist activity, suggesting a new mechanism of action of endocrine-disrupting compounds. (cdc.gov)
- They are susceptible to antibacterials such as phenols and their derivatives, surface-active compounds, salicylanilides, carbanilides, and halogens (chlorine and iodine) and their derivatives, such as chloramines and iodophors. (thefreedictionary.com)