Capsid. Medical search

The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.

Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.

The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

Electron microscopy involving rapid freezing of the samples. The imaging of frozen-hydrated molecules and organelles permits the best possible resolution closest to the living state, free of chemical fixatives or stains.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A genus of the family PARVOVIRIDAE, subfamily PARVOVIRINAE, which are dependent on a coinfection with helper adenoviruses or herpesviruses for their efficient replication. The type species is Adeno-associated virus 2.

Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.

Intracellular step that follows VIRUS INTERNALIZATION during which the viral nucleic acid and CAPSID are separated.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

The type species of SIMPLEXVIRUS causing most forms of non-genital herpes simplex in humans. Primary infection occurs mainly in infants and young children and then the virus becomes latent in the dorsal root ganglion. It then is periodically reactivated throughout life causing mostly benign conditions.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

A species of the genus PARVOVIRUS and a host range variant of FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA VIRUS. It causes a highly infectious fulminating ENTERITIS in dogs producing high mortality. It is distinct from CANINE MINUTE VIRUS, a species in the genus BOCAVIRUS. This virus can also infect cats and mink.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

A species of ENTEROVIRUS which is the causal agent of POLIOMYELITIS in humans. Three serotypes (strains) exist. Transmission is by the fecal-oral route, pharyngeal secretions, or mechanical vector (flies). Vaccines with both inactivated and live attenuated virus have proven effective in immunizing against the infection.

The folding of an organism's DNA molecule into a compact, orderly structure that fits within the limited space of a CELL or VIRUS PARTICLE.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

A species of the genus VESIVIRUS infecting cats. Transmission occurs via air and mechanical contact.

A genus of the family PARVOVIRIDAE, subfamily PARVOVIRINAE, infecting a variety of vertebrates including humans. Parvoviruses are responsible for a number of important diseases but also can be non-pathogenic in certain hosts. The type species is MINUTE VIRUS OF MICE.

A genus of owlet moths of the family Noctuidae. These insects are used in molecular biology studies during all stages of their life cycle.

Family of INSECT VIRUSES containing two subfamilies: Eubaculovirinae (occluded baculoviruses) and Nudibaculovirinae (nonoccluded baculoviruses). The Eubaculovirinae, which contain polyhedron-shaped inclusion bodies, have two genera: NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS and GRANULOVIRUS. Baculovirus vectors are used for expression of foreign genes in insects.

Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.

Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans.

A genus in the family CALICIVIRIDAE, associated with epidemic GASTROENTERITIS in humans. The type species, NORWALK VIRUS, contains multiple strains.

The type species in the genus NOROVIRUS, first isolated in 1968 from the stools of school children in Norwalk, Ohio, who were suffering from GASTROENTERITIS. The virions are non-enveloped spherical particles containing a single protein. Multiple strains are named after the places where outbreaks have occurred.

A 17-KDa cytoplasmic PEPTIDYLPROLYL ISOMERASE involved in immunoregulation. It is a member of the cyclophilin family of proteins that binds to CYCLOSPORINE.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

A family of RNA viruses infecting a broad range of animals. Most individual species are restricted to their natural hosts. They possess a characteristic six-pointed starlike shape whose surfaces have cup-shaped (chalice) indentions. Transmission is by contaminated food, water, fomites, and occasionally aerosolization of secretions. Genera include LAGOVIRUS; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; SAPPORO-LIKE VIRUSES; and VESIVIRUS.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

A family of unenveloped RNA viruses with cubic symmetry. The twelve genera include ORTHOREOVIRUS; ORBIVIRUS; COLTIVIRUS; ROTAVIRUS; Aquareovirus, Cypovirus, Phytoreovirus, Fijivirus, Seadornavirus, Idnoreovirus, Mycoreovirus, and Oryzavirus.

The type species of PARVOVIRUS prevalent in mouse colonies and found as a contaminant of many transplanted tumors or leukemias.

Virus infections caused by the PARVOVIRIDAE.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A family of very small DNA viruses containing a single molecule of single-stranded DNA and consisting of two subfamilies: PARVOVIRINAE and DENSOVIRINAE. They infect both vertebrates and invertebrates.

Proteins coded by the retroviral gag gene. The products are usually synthesized as protein precursors or POLYPROTEINS, which are then cleaved by viral proteases to yield the final products. Many of the final products are associated with the nucleoprotein core of the virion. gag is short for group-specific antigen.

A bacteriophage genus of the family LEVIVIRIDAE, whose viruses contain the short version of the genome and have a separate gene for cell lysis.

A family of small RNA viruses comprising some important pathogens of humans and animals. Transmission usually occurs mechanically. There are nine genera: APHTHOVIRUS; CARDIOVIRUS; ENTEROVIRUS; ERBOVIRUS; HEPATOVIRUS; KOBUVIRUS; PARECHOVIRUS; RHINOVIRUS; and TESCHOVIRUS.

A genus of tripartite plant viruses in the family BROMOVIRIDAE. Transmission is by beetles. Brome mosaic virus is the type species.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

A protein-nucleic acid complex which forms part or all of a virion. It consists of a CAPSID plus enclosed nucleic acid. Depending on the virus, the nucleocapsid may correspond to a naked core or be surrounded by a membranous envelope.

A genus of the family PICORNAVIRIDAE infecting mainly cloven-hoofed animals. They cause vesicular lesions and upper respiratory tract infections. FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS is the type species.

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells.

A genus of potentially oncogenic viruses of the family POLYOMAVIRIDAE. These viruses are normally present in their natural hosts as latent infections. The virus is oncogenic in hosts different from the species of origin.

A genus of REOVIRIDAE, causing acute gastroenteritis in BIRDS and MAMMALS, including humans. Transmission is horizontal and by environmental contamination. Seven species (Rotaviruses A thru G) are recognized.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

A species of replication-competent oncogene-containing virus in the genus ALPHARETROVIRUS. It is the original source of the src oncogene (V-SRC GENES) and causes sarcoma in chickens.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.

A species of BETARETROVIRUS isolated from mammary carcinoma in rhesus monkeys. It appears to have evolved from a recombination between a murine B oncovirus and a primate C oncovirus related to the baboon endogenous virus. Several serologically distinct strains exist. MPMV induces SIMIAN AIDS.

A species of ENTEROVIRUS infecting humans and containing 36 serotypes. It is comprised of all the echoviruses and a few coxsackieviruses, including all of those previously named coxsackievirus B.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

Viruses infecting insects, the largest family being BACULOVIRIDAE.

The type species of ERYTHROVIRUS and the etiological agent of ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM, a disease most commonly seen in school-age children.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

The technique of washing tissue specimens with a concentrated solution of a heavy metal salt and letting it dry. The specimen will be covered with a very thin layer of the metal salt, being excluded in areas where an adsorbed macromolecule is present. The macromolecules allow electrons from the beam of an electron microscope to pass much more readily than the heavy metal; thus, a reversed or negative image of the molecule is created.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

A species of temperate bacteriophage in the genus P22-like viruses, family PODOVIRIDAE, that infects SALMONELLA species. The genome consists of double-stranded DNA, terminally redundant, and circularly permuted.

A family of RNA viruses infecting insects and fish. There are two genera: Alphanodavirus and Betanodavirus.

The type (and only) species of RUBIVIRUS causing acute infection in humans, primarily children and young adults. Humans are the only natural host. A live, attenuated vaccine is available for prophylaxis.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A species in the genus LAGOVIRUS which causes hemorrhagic disease, including hemorrhagic septicemia, in rabbits.

The entering of cells by viruses following VIRUS ATTACHMENT. This is achieved by ENDOCYTOSIS, by direct MEMBRANE FUSION of the viral membrane with the CELL MEMBRANE, or by translocation of the whole virus across the cell membrane.

Release of a virus from the host cell following VIRUS ASSEMBLY and maturation. Egress can occur by host cell lysis, EXOCYTOSIS, or budding through the plasma membrane.

A species of PARVOVIRUS infecting cats with a highly contagious enteric disease. Host range variants include mink enteritis virus, canine parvovirus (PARVOVIRUS, CANINE), and raccoon parvovirus. After infecting their new hosts, many of these viruses have further evolved and are now considered distinct species.

A species of AVIBIRNAVIRUS causing severe inflammation of the bursa of Fabricius in chickens and other fowl. Transmission is thought to be through contaminated feed or water. Vaccines have been used with varying degrees of success.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.

A genus of PICORNAVIRIDAE inhabiting primarily the respiratory tract of mammalian hosts. It includes over 100 human serotypes associated with the COMMON COLD.

Proteins found mainly in icosahedral DNA and RNA viruses. They consist of proteins directly associated with the nucleic acid inside the NUCLEOCAPSID.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses infecting birds and most mammals, especially humans. They are grouped into multiple genera, but the viruses are highly host-species specific and tissue-restricted. They are commonly divided into hundreds of papillomavirus "types", each with specific gene function and gene control regions, despite sequence homology. Human papillomaviruses are found in the genera ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; BETAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; GAMMAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; and MUPAPILLOMAVIRUS.

Virulent bacteriophage and type species of the genus T4-like phages, in the family MYOVIRIDAE. It infects E. coli and is the best known of the T-even phages. Its virion contains linear double-stranded DNA, terminally redundant and circularly permuted.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Semi-synthetic complex derived from nucleic-acid free viral particles. They are essentially reconstituted viral coats, where the infectious nucleocapsid is replaced by a compound of choice. Virosomes retain their fusogenic activity and thus deliver the incorporated compound (antigens, drugs, genes) inside the target cell. They can be used for vaccines (VACCINES, VIROSOME), drug delivery, or gene transfer.

Products of viral oncogenes, most commonly retroviral oncogenes. They usually have transforming and often protein kinase activities.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape and arrangement of multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.

The transfer of bacterial DNA by phages from an infected bacterium to another bacterium. This also refers to the transfer of genes into eukaryotic cells by viruses. This naturally occurring process is routinely employed as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.

A species of temperate bacteriophage in the genus P2-like viruses, family MYOVIRIDAE, which infects E. coli. It consists of linear double-stranded DNA with 19-base sticky ends.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A species of ORTHOREOVIRUS infecting mammals (other than baboons). There are four serotypes. In humans they are generally benign but may sometimes cause upper respiratory tract illness or enteritis in infants and children. MAMMALIAN ORTHOREOVIRUS 3 is a very pathogenic virus in laboratory rodents.

A genus of small, circular RNA viruses in the family ASTROVIRIDAE. They cause GASTROENTERITIS and are found in the stools of several vertebrates including humans. Transmission is by the fecal-oral route and there are at least eight human serotypes. The type species is Human astrovirus.

A species of VARICELLOVIRUS producing a respiratory infection (PSEUDORABIES) in swine, its natural host. It also produces an usually fatal ENCEPHALOMYELITIS in cattle, sheep, dogs, cats, foxes, and mink.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The assembly of the QUATERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE of multimeric proteins (MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES) from their composite PROTEIN SUBUNITS.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Bacteriophage and type species in the genus Tectivirus, family TECTIVIRIDAE. They are specific for Gram-negative bacteria.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

A mitosporic fungal genus including both saprophytes and plant parasites.

A genus of the family CIRCOVIRIDAE that infects SWINE; PSITTACINES; and non-psittacine BIRDS. Species include Beak and feather disease virus causing a fatal disease in psittacine birds, and Porcine circovirus causing postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs (PORCINE POSTWEANING MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME).

The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.

The binding of virus particles to receptors on the host cell surface. For enveloped viruses, the virion ligand is usually a surface glycoprotein as is the cellular receptor. For non-enveloped viruses, the virus CAPSID serves as the ligand.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

CAR-dependent and CAR-independent pathways of adenovirus vector-mediated gene transfer and expression in human fibroblasts. (1/5649)

Primary fibroblasts are not efficiently transduced by subgroup C adenovirus (Ad) vectors because they express low levels of the high-affinity Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR). In the present study, we have used primary human dermal fibroblasts as a model to explore strategies by which Ad vectors can be designed to enter cells deficient in CAR. Using an Ad vector expressing the human CAR cDNA (AdCAR) at high multiplicity of infection, primary fibroblasts were converted from being CAR deficient to CAR sufficient. Efficiency of subsequent gene transfer by standard Ad5-based vectors and Ad5-based vectors with alterations in penton and fiber was evaluated. Marked enhancement of binding and transgene expression by standard Ad5 vectors was achieved in CAR-sufficient fibroblasts. Expression by AdDeltaRGDbetagal, an Ad5-based vector lacking the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) alphaV integrin recognition site from its penton base, was achieved in CAR-sufficient, but not CAR-deficient, cells. Fiber-altered Ad5-based vectors, including (a) AdF(pK7)betagal (bearing seven lysines on the end of fiber) (b) AdF(RGD)betagal (bearing a high-affinity RGD sequence on the end of fiber), and (c) AdF9sK betagal (bearing a short fiber and Ad9 knob), demonstrated enhanced gene transfer in CAR-deficient fibroblasts, with no further enhancement in CAR-sufficient fibroblasts. Together, these observations demonstrate that CAR deficiency on Ad targets can be circumvented either by supplying CAR or by modifying the Ad fiber to bind to other cell-surface receptors. (+info)

Maturation-induced conformational changes of HIV-1 capsid protein and identification of two high affinity sites for cyclophilins in the C-terminal domain. (2/5649)

Viral incorporation of cyclophilin A (CyPA) during the assembly of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is crucial for efficient viral replication. CyPA binds to the previously identified Gly-Pro90 site of the capsid protein p24, but its role remained unclear. Here we report two new interaction sites between cyclophilins and p24. Both are located in the C-terminal domain of p24 around Gly-Pro157 and Gly-Pro224. Peptides corresponding to these regions showed higher affinities (Kd approximately 0.3 microM) for both CyPA and cyclophilin B than the best peptide derived from the Gly-Pro90 site ( approximately 8 microM) and thus revealed new sequence motifs flanking Gly-Pro that are important for tight interaction of peptide ligands with cyclophilins. Between CyPA and an immature (unprocessed) form of p24, a Kd of approximately 8 microM was measured, which corresponded with the Kd of the best of the Gly-Pro90 peptides, indicating an association via this site. Processing of immature p24 by the viral protease, yielding mature p24, elicited a conformational change in its C-terminal domain that was signaled by the covalently attached fluorescence label acrylodan. Consequently, CyPA and cyclophilin B bound with much higher affinities ( approximately 0.6 and 0.25 microM) to the new, i.e. maturation-generated sites. Since this domain is essential for p24 oligomerization and capsid cone formation, CyPA bound to the new sites might impair the regularity of the capsid cone and thus facilitate in vivo core disassembly after host infection. (+info)

Low temperature and pressure stability of picornaviruses: implications for virus uncoating. (3/5649)

The family Picornaviridae includes several viruses of great economic and medical importance. Poliovirus replicates in the human digestive tract, causing disease that may range in severity from a mild infection to a fatal paralysis. The human rhinovirus is the most important etiologic agent of the common cold in adults and children. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes one of the most economically important diseases in cattle. These viruses have in common a capsid structure composed of 60 copies of four different proteins, VP1 to VP4, and their 3D structures show similar general features. In this study we describe the differences in stability against high pressure and cold denaturation of these viruses. Both poliovirus and rhinovirus are stable to high pressure at room temperature, because pressures up to 2.4 kbar are not enough to promote viral disassembly and inactivation. Within the same pressure range, FMDV particles are dramatically affected by pressure, with a loss of infectivity of more than 4 log units observed. The dissociation of polio and rhino viruses can be observed only under pressure (2.4 kbar) at low temperatures in the presence of subdenaturing concentrations of urea (1-2 M). The pressure and low temperature data reveal clear differences in stability among the three picornaviruses, FMDV being the most sensitive, polio being the most resistant, and rhino having intermediate stability. Whereas rhino and poliovirus differ little in stability (less than 10 kcal/mol at 0 degrees C), the difference in free energy between these two viruses and FMDV was remarkable (more than 200 kcal/mol of particle). These differences are crucial to understanding the different factors that control the assembly and disassembly of the virus particles during their life cycle. The inactivation of these viruses by pressure (combined or not with low temperature) has potential as a method for producing vaccines. (+info)

Time-resolved fluorescence investigation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein: influence of the binding of nucleic acids. (4/5649)

Depending on the HIV-1 isolate, MN or BH10, the nucleocapsid protein, NCp7, corresponds to a 55- or 71-amino acid length product, respectively. The MN NCp7 contains a single Trp residue at position 37 in the distal zinc finger motif, and the BH10 NCp7 contains an additional Trp, at position 61 in the C-terminal chain. The time-resolved intensity decay parameters of the zinc-saturated BH10 NCp7 were determined and compared to those of single-Trp-containing derivatives. The fluorescence decay of BH10 NCp7 could be clearly represented as a linear combination (with respect to both lifetimes and fractional intensities) of the individual emitting Trp residues. This suggested the absence of interactions between the two Trp residues, a feature that was confirmed by molecular modeling and fluorescence energy transfer studies. In the presence of tRNAPhe, taken as a RNA model, the same conclusions hold true despite the large fluorescence decrease induced by the binding of tRNAPhe. Indeed, the fluorescence of Trp37 appears almost fully quenched, in keeping with a stacking of this residue with the bases of tRNAPhe. Despite the multiple binding sites in tRNAPhe, the large prevalence of ultrashort lifetimes, associated with the stacking of Trp37, suggests that this stacking constitutes a major feature in the binding process of NCp7 to nucleic acids. In contrast, Trp61 only stacked to a small extent with tRNAPhe. The behavior of this residue in the tRNAPhe-NCp7 complexes appeared to be rather heterogeneous, suggesting that it does not constitute a major determinant in the binding process. Finally, our data suggested that the binding of NCp7 proteins from the two HIV-1 strains to nonspecific nucleic acid sequences was largely similar. (+info)

The haplotype distribution of two genes of citrus tristeza virus is altered after host change or aphid transmission. (5/5649)

Genetic variability of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was studied using the haplotypes detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of genes p18 and p20 in six virus populations of two origins. The Spanish group included a CTV isolate and subisolates obtained by graft-transmission to different host species. The other included two subisolates aphid-transmitted from a single Japanese isolate. The homozygosity observed for gene p20 was always significantly higher than that expected under neutral evolution, whereas only three populations showed high homozygosity for p18, suggesting stronger host constraints for p20 than for p18. Sequential transmissions of a Spanish isolate to new host species increased the difference between its population and that of the successive subisolates for gene p18, as estimated by the F statistic. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that variation between both groups of populations was not statistically significant, whereas variations between populations of the same group or within populations were significant for both genes studied. Our data indicate that selection affects the haplotype distribution and that adaptation to a new host can be as important or more as the geographical origin. Variation of the CTV populations after host change or aphid transmission may explain in part the wide biological variability observed among CTV isolates. (+info)

A new picornavirus isolated from bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). (6/5649)

A previously unknown picornavirus was isolated from bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). Electron microscopy images and sequence data of the prototype isolate, named Ljungan virus, showed that it is a picornavirus. The amino acid sequences of predicted Ljungan virus capsid proteins VP2 and VP3 were closely related to the human pathogen echovirus 22 (approximately 70% similarity). A partial 5' noncoding region sequence of Ljungan virus showed the highest degree of relatedness to cardioviruses. Two additional isolates were serologically and molecularly related to the prototype. (+info)

The cleavable carboxyl-terminus of the small coat protein of cowpea mosaic virus is involved in RNA encapsidation. (7/5649)

The site of cleavage of the small coat protein of cowpea mosaic virus has been precisely mapped and the proteolysis has been shown to result in the loss of 24 amino acids from the carboxyl-terminus of the protein. A series of premature termination and deletion mutants was constructed to investigate the role or roles of these carboxyl-terminal amino acids in the viral replication cycle. Mutants containing premature termination codons at or downstream of the cleavage site were viable but reverted to wild-type after a single passage through cowpea plants, indicating that the carboxyl-terminal amino acids are important. Mutants with the equivalent deletions were genetically stable and shown to be debilitated with respect to virus accumulation. The specific infectivity of preparations of a deletion mutant (DM4) lacking all 24 amino acids was 6-fold less than that of a wild-type preparation. This was shown to be a result of DM4 preparations containing a much increased percentage (73%) of empty (RNA-free) particles, a finding that implicates the cleavable carboxyl-terminal residues in the packaging of the virion RNAs. (+info)

Induction of autoantibodies to mouse CCR5 with recombinant papillomavirus particles. (8/5649)

The vertebrate immune system has evolved to respond vigorously to microbial infection but to ignore self-antigens. Evidence has emerged that B cell responses to viruses are initiated by immune recognition of ordered arrays of antigen on the viral surface. To test whether autoantibodies against a self-antigen can be induced by placing it in a context that mimics the ordered surface of a viral particle, a peptide representing an extracellular loop of the mouse chemokine receptor CCR5 was incorporated into an immunodominant site of the bovine papillomavirus virus L1 coat protein, which self-assembles into virus-like particles. Mice inoculated with chimeric L1-CCR5 particles generated autoantibodies that bound to native mouse CCR5, inhibited binding of its ligand RANTES, and blocked HIV-1 infection of an indicator cell line expressing a human-mouse CCR5 chimera. These results suggest a general method for inducing autoantibodies against self-antigens, with diverse potential basic research and clinical applications. (+info)

The proteins making up the capsid are called capsid proteins or viral coat proteins (VCP). The capsid and inner genome is ... rotavirus and bacteriophage φ6 have capsids built of 120 copies of capsid protein, corresponding to a T = 2 capsid, or arguably ... The capsid faces may consist of one or more proteins. For example, the foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid has faces consisting ... Capsids are broadly classified according to their structure. The majority of the viruses have capsids with either helical or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsid

p24 is a component of the HIV particle capsid. There are approximately 2000 molecules per virus particle, or at a molecule ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P24_capsid_protein

In the management of HIV/AIDS, HIV capsid inhibitors are antiretroviral medicines that target the capsid shell of the virus. ... This bond stabilizes the capsid structure and inhibits the functional disassembly of the capsid in infected cells. Inhibition ... The uncoating process is a highly ordered multistep process in which the capsid is weakened and most or all capsid proteins are ... and also inhibits the production of new capsid shells within the cell. Ebselen was identified as a capsid inhibitor using a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV_capsid_inhibition

The Herpes viral DNA enters and exits the capsid via the capsid portal. The capsid portal is formed by twelve copies of portal ... HHV Capsid Portal Protein, or HSV-1 UL-6 protein, is the protein which forms a cylindrical portal in the capsid of Herpes ... When the capsid is nearly complete, the viral DNA enters the capsid (i.e., the DNA is encapsidated) by a mechanism involving ... Each icosahedral capsid contains a single portal, located in one vertex. The portal is formed during initial capsid assembly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HHV_capsid_portal_protein

... is a viral protein that is the main component of the polyomavirus capsid. VP1 monomers are generally ... The capsid contains three proteins; VP1 is the primary component and forms a 360-unit outer capsid layer composed of 72 ... All of the capsid proteins are expressed from the late region of the viral genome, so named because expression occurs only late ... VP2 and VP3 assemble inside the capsid in contact with VP1, with a stoichiometry of one VP2 or VP3 molecule to each pentamer.: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_capsid_protein_VP1

The Flavivirus capsid hairpin cHP is a conserved RNA hairpin structure identified within the capsid coding region of several ... the first of which is the capsid protein. The cHP hairpin is located within the capsid coding region between two AUG start ... Page for flavivirus capsid hairpin cHP at Rfam v t e (Cis-regulatory RNA elements, Flaviviruses, All stub articles, Molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavivirus_capsid_hairpin_cHP

Minor capsid protein VP2 and minor capsid protein VP3 are viral proteins that are components of the polyomavirus capsid. ... Polyomavirus capsids are composed of three proteins; the major component is major capsid protein VP1, which self-assembles into ... The minor components are VP2 and VP3, which bind in the interior of the capsid. All three capsid proteins are expressed from ... April 2006). "The VP2/VP3 minor capsid protein of simian virus 40 promotes the in vitro assembly of the major capsid protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_capsid_proteins_VP2_and_VP3

The Epstein-Barr virus viral-capsid antigen (EBV-VCA) is the viral protein that forms the viral capsid of the Epstein-Barr ... It is the antigen targeted by antibodies that bond to viral capsid antigens (VCA). Such antibodies can be used in serology to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein–Barr_virus_viral-capsid_antigen

Capsid (2018), published by HOME Publications Shonky: The Aesthetics of Awkwardness (2018), published by Hayward Publishing ... "John Walter, CAPSID". Retrieved 20 November 2018. "Shonky: The Aesthetics of Awkwardness". Retrieved 20 November 2018. "Coming ... visual culture and HIV through his multimedia project Alien Sex Club and the behaviour of viruses through his project CAPSID ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Walter_(artist)

His 2016 book Capsid: A Love Song won the POZ Award for best HIV writing (fiction/poetry) and was a finalist for a Lambda ... "Capsid: A Love Song". Los Angeles Review of Books. Retrieved 2018-06-06. Osmundson, Joseph. "Things Unsaid". Gawker. Retrieved ... Capsid: A Love Song (Indolent Books, 2016), ISBN 978-1-945023-03-3 INSIDE/OUT (Sibling Rivalry Press, 2018), ISBN 978-1-943977- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Osmundson

"Potato capsid Closterotomus norwegicus". Photos of Insects in Cambridge. Edkins Family Index Page. Archived from the original ... Closterotomus norvegicus (also known as the potato capsid) is a species of bugs belonging to the family Miridae, subfamily ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closterotomus_norwegicus

Dolja, Valerian V (2001). "Capsid-Less RNA Viruses". eLS. doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0023269. ISBN 978-0470016176. ICTVdB ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endornaviridae

The capsid has two layers and is icosahedral. The two known cell surface proteins are A type and B type spikes. The capsid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_disease_virus

... capsid protein, p24); SP1 (spacer peptide 1, p2); NC (nucleocapsid protein, p7); SP2 (spacer peptide 2, p1) and P6 protein. pol ... Each virion comprises a viral envelope and associated matrix enclosing a capsid, which itself encloses two copies of the single ... positive-sense single-stranded RNA enclosed by a conical capsid composed of the viral protein p24, typical of lentiviruses. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_and_genome_of_HIV

They do not have structural proteins or a capsid. Narnaviruses have nonsegmented, linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA ... Dolja, V. V.; Koonin, E. V. (2012). "Capsid-Less RNA Viruses". ELS. doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0023269. ISBN 978-0470016176. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narnavirus

The capsid protein is enveloped. The genomic arrangement is a linear (+)ssRNA. Its genomic segmentation is Monopartite (Flint ... The genome encodes 3 structural proteins (Capsid, prM, and Envelope) and 8 non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A ... Capsid, prM, and Envelope) and 8 non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5 and NS5B). The genomic RNA is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entebbe_bat_virus

The capsid contains three proteins; capsid protein VP1 is the primary component and self-assembles into a 360-unit outer capsid ... MPyV capsid protein VP1 binds to sialic acids of gangliosides GD1a and GT1b on the cell surface. The functions of VP2 and VP3 ... Capsid proteins, produced in the cytoplasm of the host cell, enter the nucleus as assembled capsomers consisting of pentameric ... The three genes in the late region express the three capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3. Between the early and late regions is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murine_polyomavirus

The capsid has two layers. The outer layer is a protein structure of 240 capsid proteins trimers, and the inner one is a ... mobile arms and membrane-capsid interactions in the bacteriophage PRD1 capsid". Nature Structural Biology. 9 (10): 756-63. doi: ... Capsid proteins polymerize around a lipoprotein vesicle translocated in the cytoplasm by virion assembly factors. Mature virons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectivirus

The isometric capsid has a diameter of 35-39 nm. Capsids appear round to hexagonal in outline. The capsid surface structure ... Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. ... Capsid with 32 cup-shaped depressions. Under in vitro conditions, virions are inactivated in acid environment of pH 3-5. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicular_exanthema_of_swine_virus

Virus capsid is non-enveloped, and are round with icosahedral symmetry and triangulation number T=3. The isometric capsid has a ... Viral structural protein: Capsid protein has a molar mass of 58000-60000 Da; is the coat protein. Capsid protein has a ... Empty virions have diameter of 23 nm, with triangulation number T=1. The capsid surface structure reveals a regular pattern ... "Calicivirus isolate Geel 2008/Belgium non-structural polyprotein gene, partial cds; and capsid protein precursor and small ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesivirus

Its capsid shells are multilayered. The capsid is round to elongate with icosahedral symmetry and the virus is composed of 16% ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petuvirus

Capsids that are made of the VP70 protein are cleaved by trypsin to make particles that are very infectious (VP25/26, VP27/29 ... Following encapsidation, immature capsids are released from the cell without lysis. Extracellular virions are cleaved by ... They have spherical shapes and consist of a capsid protein shell. Astroviruses have distinctive five or six pointed star-like ... Arias, Carlos F.; DuBois, Rebecca M. (19 January 2017). "The Astrovirus Capsid: A Review". Viruses. 9 (1): 15. doi:10.3390/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroviridae

The virion has a capsid (coat protein) but no envelope. The icosahedral symmetry of the capsid is round to elongated. The range ... The capsid protein remains attached to the coat protein binding site (CPB) at the 3'- end of the RNAs. The initiation factors ... The capsid dissociates from CPB. CPB undergoes a conformational change into TLS (tRNA-like structure). P1/P2 bind to the minus ... For example, DNA derived from AMV encoding the gene for the capsid has been inserted into alfalfa plants. This reduced the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfalfa_mosaic_virus

The capsid itself has been measured to be approximately 90-110 nm in diameter and expresses T=16 icosahedral symmetry. The ... The entire capsid contains 162 capsomeres. Other viruses within the family Alloherpesviridae have been shown to have spherical ... The steps to this method of replication (excluding the aforementioned process of cell entry) are as follow: The capsid is ... which are involved in the formation and structure of the capsid. These late proteins are transported back into the nucleus. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranid_herpesvirus_1

The virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid / nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagus_virus_1

Rader, AJ; Vlad, Daniel; Bahar, Ivet (2005). "Maturation Dynamics of Bacteriophage HK97 Capsid". Structure. 13 (3): 413-21. doi ... to large macromolecular assemblies such as a ribosome or a viral capsid. Protein domain dynamics plays key roles in a multitude ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_network_model

VP1 is the 51kd capsid protein; in addition to its structural function, it also contains motifs for rolling circle replication ... They are nonenveloped and have an icosahedral capsid with T=1 symmetry. The unique, single protein, trumpet-shaped capsomeres ... of Gyrovirus are arranged into 12 pentomers yielding a capsid 60 units in size. The genome is circular, non-segmented, and 2290 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyrovirus

Modis Y, Trus BL, Harrison SC (September 2002). "Atomic model of the papillomavirus capsid". EMBO J. 21 (18): 4754-62. doi: ... including the capsid of human papillomavirus, the envelope of dengue virus, and several components of HIV. He has also turned ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_C._Harrison

... that lack a capsid. DNA replication Origin of replication Secondary chromosome Watson JD (2014). Molecular Biology of the Gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replicon_(genetics)

The capsid is formed of the L1 and L2 structural proteins, with the L1 C-terminus exposed. All BPVs have a circular double- ... ISBN 978-1-904455-04-2. Modis Y, Trus BL, Harrison SC (2002). "Atomic model of the papillomavirus capsid". EMBO J. 21 (18): ... Like other papillomaviruses, BPVs are small non-enveloped viruses with an icosahedral capsid around 50-60 nm in diameter. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_papillomavirus

Here we report the 4.5-Å resolution structure of a 22-MDa macromolecular assembly, the capsid of the infectious epsilon15 (ε15 ... From this density map we constructed a complete backbone trace of its major capsid protein, gene product 7 (gp7). The structure ... Its structure, location and high binding affinity to the capsid indicate that the gp10 dimer functions as a molecular staple ... Novel fold and capsid-binding properties of the lambda-phage display platform protein gpD. Nature Struct. Biol. 7, 230-237 ( ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06665?error=cookies_not_supported&code=3385a0d0-a902-4d46-b637-0be3dec11502

Crystal Structure of Rubella virus capsid protein (residues 127-277) ... Capsid protein. A, B. 151. Rubella virus strain M33. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: Capsid. ... Rubella virus capsid protein structure and its role in virus assembly and infection.. Mangala Prasad, V., Willows, S.D., Fokine ... The RV capsid protein is an essential structural component of virions as well as a key factor in virus-host interactions. Here ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4HBE

Therapies targeting capsid proteins show promise as candidates to combat drug resistance for human immunodeficiency virus type ... Investigators said that capsid proteins, because of their antiviral design, have indispensable roles in HIV-1 cytoplasmic ... By targeting the HIV-1 viral conical core, also known as the capsid or core, therapies could disrupt the process of assembly ... The core peptidic backbone of PF74 has also been applied to other capsid proteins targeting compounds, such as GS-6207, which ...

https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/therapies-targeting-capsid-proteins-show-promise-for-hiv-1

Induction of Inflammation by West Nile virus Capsid through the Caspase-9 Apoptotic Pathway Joo-Sung Yang*1, Mathura P. ... In vivo West Nile virus capsid (Cp) expression induces apoptosis and inflammation in mice. TUNEL assay was performed on muscle ... Induction of Inflammation by West Nile virus Capsid through the Caspase-9 Apoptotic Pathway. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/8/12/02-0224-f3

The viral cofactor assembly-activating protein (AAP) is required for maximum AAV production and has multiple roles in capsid ... The process of AAV capsid assembly remains poorly understood. ... Our results suggest a model for capsid assembly where surface ... These studies led to the identification of key residues on the lumenal capsid surface that are important for AAP-VP and for VP- ... Residues on Adeno-associated Virus Capsid Lumen Dictate Interactions and Compatibility with the Assembly-Activating Protein J ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30651367/

The abundant nuclear enzyme PARP participates in the life cycle of simian virus 40 and is stimulated by minor capsid protein ... Polyomavirus VP1 phosphorylation: coexpression with the VP2 capsid protein modulates VP1 phosphorylation in Sf9 insect cells. ... Three putative capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 are encoded by alternative open reading frames [1]. ... Purified empty capsid-like particles, formed in nuclei of insect cells coinfected with all three baculoviruses, contained VP2 ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/1489906.html

... capsid from b.10.1.4: Animal virus proteins. *Protein Parvovirus (panleukopenia virus) capsid protein from b.121.5.2: ... Timeline for Protein Parvovirus (panleukopenia virus) capsid protein from b.121.5.2: Parvoviridae-like VP: *Protein Parvovirus ... Fold b.121: Nucleoplasmin-like/VP (viral coat and capsid proteins) [88632] (7 superfamilies). sandwich; 8 strands in 2 sheets; ... Lineage for Protein: Parvovirus (panleukopenia virus) capsid protein. *Root: SCOPe 2.08 *. Class b: All beta proteins [48724] ( ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=49661

Both dArc isoforms are related to the Ty3/gypsy retrotransposon capsid, consisting of N- and C-terminal lobes. Structures of ... The strong oligomerization properties of the isolated dArc lobe domains explain the ability of dArc to form capsids in the ... This domain-swapped structure resembles the dimeric protein C of flavivirus capsids, as well as the structure of histones ... Mammalian Arc forms virus-like capsid structures in a process requiring the N-terminal domain and contains two C-terminal lobes ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0251459

The full capsid of Human Immodeficiency Virus, composed of hexamers of the capsid protein. This model was generated using ...

https://3dprint.nih.gov/discover/3dpx-003150

During maturation, the viral protease cleaves Gag into single components and CA assembles into a mature capsid. The capsid ... In the mature capsid, R18 and K25 are thought to have a dual role. Both residues are important IP6 binders, and their mutation ... Here I show that infection and conical capsid formation of K25A can be rescued by compensating mutants without restoring the ... Both immature and mature HIV capsid lattices need to maintain a delicate balance of stability to allow efficient assembly ...

https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/338420

Recombinant Rotavirus A Intermediate capsid protein VP6 from Cusabio. Cat Number: CSB-EP321618RGK. USA, UK & Europe ... Recombinant Rotavirus A Intermediate capsid protein VP6 , CSB-EP321618RGK. (No reviews yet) Write a Review Write a Review. ... Relevance: Intermediate capsid protein that self assbles to form an icosahedral capsid with a T=13 symmetry, which consists of ... Function: Intermediate capsid protein that self assembles to form an icosahedral capsid with a T=13 symmetry, which consists of ...

https://joplink.net/recombinant-rotavirus-a-intermediate-capsid-protein-vp6-csb-ep321618rgk/

... analysis shows that the concept of a typical capsid protein is indeed viable - the typical capsid protein is prism-like, about ... Lošdorfer Božič A, Šiber A, Podgornik R. Statistical analysis of sizes and shapes of virus capsids and their resulting elastic ... Size of typical structural capsid protein. Range. mean diameter 5nm: thickness ~3nm nm ... P.12 3rd paragraph: Using the statistical analysis [investigators] have shown that capsid proteins of all viruses are ...

https://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&v=4&id=112738

... said crystalline form in the preparation of a drug for preventing or treating diseases benefiting from the inhibition of capsid ... Disclosed by the present application is a crystalline form of a capsid protein assembly inhibitor containing an N hetero five- ... EN) Disclosed by the present application is a crystalline form of a capsid protein assembly inhibitor containing an N hetero ... EN) CRYSTALLINE FORM OF CAPSID PROTEIN ASSEMBLY INHIBITOR CONTAINING N HETERO FIVE-MEMBERED RING, AND APPLICATION THEREOF. ...

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2021058002

... ... Non-covalent dendrimer- and polymer-based modifications of adenovirus capsids for enhanced transduction of cancer cells ... Vetter, Alexandra Kerstin Maria (2013): Non-covalent dendrimer- and polymer-based modifications of adenovirus capsids for ...

https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15943/

LOINC Code 30137-4 Epstein Barr virus capsid IgM Ab [Presence] in Serum --2nd specimen ... EBV capsid IgM spec 2 Ql (S). Consumer Name Alpha. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) Capsid IgM antibody specimen 2, Blood. Basic ... Epstein Barr virus capsid Ab.IgM^2nd specimen. Property. PrThr. Time. Pt. System. Ser. Scale. Ord. Method. Additional Names. ... Epstein Barr virus capsid Ab.IgM^2nci örnek:. MevcEşik:. Zmlı:. Ser:. Srl:. Related Names. *ABS ...

https://loinc.org/30137-4/

Early in vivo data point to a differentiated mechanism of action which prevents accumulation of empty capsids, unlike most CAMs ... Antios Therapeutics Announces Agreement with IRBM, INGM and OSR to Acquire Fourth-Generation HBV Capsid Assembly Modulators ( ... "Unlike traditional CAMs, which target capsid assembly and disassembly, we believe these molecules may have an additional ... today they entered into an agreement for Antios to purchase the IP rights to a novel series of fourth-generation capsid ...

https://gabio.org/antios-therapeutics-announces-agreement-with-irbm-ingm-and-osr-to-acquire-fourth-generation-hbv-capsid-assembly-modulators-cams/

The Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type V from Staphylococcus aureus ST398 is packaged into bacteriophage capsids. ... The Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type V from Staphylococcus aureus ST398 is packaged into bacteriophage capsids ...

https://www.muni.cz/en/research/publications/1194951

Re-imagining discovery and access to research: grants, datasets, publications, citations, clinical trials, patents and policy documents in one place.

https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1100670011

Identification of species-specific and cross-reactive epitopes in human polyomavirus capsids using monoclonal antibodies. In: ... The human antibody response to polyomavirus capsid proteins is not well characterized. Recombinant BK virus (BKV), JC virus ( ... Dive into the research topics of Identification of species-specific and cross-reactive epitopes in human polyomavirus capsids ... N2 - The human antibody response to polyomavirus capsid proteins is not well characterized. Recombinant BK virus (BKV), JC ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/identification-of-species-specific-and-cross-reactive-epitopes-in

For specific HEV antibody detection in swine, we developed ELISA and Western blotting methods, using a truncated capsid (ORF2) ... Western blotting of the HEV rΔ111ORF2 capsid protein, stained with swine sera from this study (lanes 1 - 13). Positive sera ... In fact, the capsid proteins of human genotype 1 [30] and swine genotype 3 (this study) HEV shared 94.5% amino acid identity. ... Detection of serum antibodies to hepatitis E virus in domestic pigs in Italy using a recombinant swine HEV capsid protein. * ...

https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1746-6148-10-133

Antibody to the capsid (PORF2) protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is sufficient to confer immunity, but knowledge of B-cell ... Riddell, M. A. ; Li, F. ; Anderson, D. A. / Identification of immunodominant and conformational epitopes in the capsid protein ... N2 - Antibody to the capsid (PORF2) protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is sufficient to confer immunity, but knowledge of B- ... AB - Antibody to the capsid (PORF2) protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is sufficient to confer immunity, but knowledge of B- ...

https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/identification-of-immunodominant-and-conformational-epitopes-in-t

Viruses assemble protective capsids from several copies of one or a few structural proteins. This is accomplished through a ... Dokland, T. (2000-08-15). Freedom and restraint: Themes in virus capsid assembly. Structure 8 (8) : R157-R162. [email protected] ...

https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/132986

Fay, Petra Christel (2018) Antigenic and phylogenetic relationships of outer capsid protein VP2, from multiple bluetongue virus ... Antigenic and phylogenetic relationships of outer capsid protein VP2, from multiple bluetongue virus serotypes ...

http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52145/

Impact of Natural or Synthetic Singletons in the Capsid of Human Bocavirus 1 on Particle Infectivity and Immunoreactivity. ... Impact of Natural or Synthetic Singletons in the Capsid of Human Bocavirus 1 on Particle Infectivity and Immunoreactivity. / ... Impact of Natural or Synthetic Singletons in the Capsid of Human Bocavirus 1 on Particle Infectivity and Immunoreactivity. ... keywords = "bocavirus, BoV, capsid, mutations, HIGH-EFFICIENCY TRANSDUCTION, MINUTE VIRUS, SEROTYPE VECTORS, HUMAN PARVOVIRUS, ...

https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/fi/publications/impact-of-natural-or-synthetic-singletons-in-the-capsid-of-human-

Poliovirus type 1 cDNA sequences coding for viral capsid polypeptide VP1 were inserted into the beta-lactamase sequence of ... Therefore, the C3 epitope responsible for virus neutralization is most probably located in this region of the capsid ... Localization of a poliovirus type 1 neutralization epitope in viral capsid polypeptide VP1. ... expressed in Escherichia coli a VP1-beta-lactamase fusion protein that reacted with antibodies raised against poliovirus capsid ...

https://research.pasteur.fr/en/publication/localization-of-a-poliovirus-type-1-neutralization-epitope-in-viral-capsid-polypeptide-vp1/

This product recognizes the p41 capsid protien of Rotavirus from human, monkey and porcine isolates. ...

https://www.raybiotech.com/mouse-anti-rotovirus-capsid-protein/

We also find that SaPI1 proteins CpmA and CpmB promote the formation of small capsids upon co-expression with 80α capsid and ... Here, we show that co-expression of the 80α capsid and scaffolding proteins in S. aureus, but not in E. coli, leads to the ... The capsid and scaffolding proteins also undergo normal N-terminal processing upon expression in S. aureus, implicating a host ... Assembly of bacteriophage 80α capsids in a Staphylococcus aureus expression system Academic Article ...

https://scholars.uab.edu/display/pub764717

For the aphthoviruses (e.g. FMDV) and cardioviruses, the capsid precursor, P1-2A, is cleaved by the 3C protease (3C pro ) to ... For the aphthoviruses (e.g. FMDV) and cardioviruses, the capsid precursor, P1-2A, is cleaved by the 3C protease (3C pro ) to ... For the aphthoviruses (e.g. FMDV) and cardioviruses, the capsid precursor, P1-2A, is cleaved by the 3C protease (3C pro ) to ... For enteroviruses, e.g. poliovirus, the capsid precursor is P1 alone, which is cleaved by the 3CD protease to generate just VP0 ...

https://research.ku.dk/search/result/?pure=en%2Fpublications%2Fidentification-of-a-short-highly-conserved-motif-required-for-picornavirus-capsid-precursor-processing-at-distal-sites

Mint wings NFT can lead you to capsid zone,When you have blue chip NFT, like Azuki, BAYC, you can empower many rights to them ... Capsid wings project is an NFT derivative world, ... What is "Capsid Wings"? Through the wilderness of the Capsid ... These NFTs are powered by Capsid Protocol, an NFT derivative protocol that unlocks zillions of utilities for digital assets ...

https://wings.capsid.one/?utm_source=x2y2.io&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=collection

Coxsackievirus B3: Primary structure of the 5′ non-coding and capsid protein-coding regions of the genome. scientific article ... Coxsackievirus B3: primary structure of the 5 non-coding and capsid protein-coding regions of the genome (English) ...

https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59912825

From this density map we constructed a complete backbone trace of its major capsid protein, gene product 7 (gp7). (nature.com)
Topologically linked protein rings in the bacteriophage HK97 capsid. (nature.com)
The RV capsid protein is an essential structural component of virions as well as a key factor in virus-host interactions. (rcsb.org)
Here we describe three crystal structures of the structural domain of the RV capsid protein. (rcsb.org)
Combining the atomic structure of the RV capsid protein with the cryoelectron tomograms of RV particles established a low-resolution structure of the virion. (rcsb.org)
The viral cofactor assembly-activating protein (AAP) is required for maximum AAV production and has multiple roles in capsid assembly, namely, trafficking of the structural proteins (VP) to the nuclear site of assembly, promoting the stability of VP against multiple degradation pathways, and facilitating stable interactions between VP monomers. (nih.gov)
Studying interactions between the structural and nonstructural components of AAV enhances our fundamental knowledge of capsid assembly mechanisms and the protein-protein interactions required for productive assembly of the icosahedral capsid. (nih.gov)
Polyomavirus VP1 phosphorylation: coexpression with the VP2 capsid protein modulates VP1 phosphorylation in Sf9 insect cells. (wikigenes.org)
The viral capsid protein (CA) is essential for replication. (cam.ac.uk)
Intermediate capsid protein that self assbles to form an icosahedral capsid with a T=13 symmetry, which consists of 230 trimers of VP6, with channels at each of its five-fold vertices. (joplink.net)
A zinc ion controls assembly and stability of the major capsid protein of rotavirus.Erk I., Huet J.-C., Duarte M., Duquerroy S., Rey F.A., Cohen J., Lepault J.J. Virol. (joplink.net)
Abstract: 'From the analysis of sizes of approximately 130 small icosahedral viruses [investigators] find that there is a typical structural capsid protein, having a mean diameter of 5 nm and a mean thickness of 3 nm, with more than two thirds of the analyzed capsid proteins having thicknesses between 2 nm and 4 nm. (harvard.edu)
P.6 bottom paragraph: 'Taken together, [investigators'] analysis shows that the concept of a typical capsid protein is indeed viable - the typical capsid protein is prism-like, about 3 nm thick and has an average diameter of 5 nm. (harvard.edu)
For specific HEV antibody detection in swine, we developed ELISA and Western blotting methods, using a truncated capsid (ORF2) protein lacking the first 111 amino acids of a swine HEV genotype 3 strain. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we implemented a reliable ELISA test for detection of anti-HEV antibodies in swine sera, using a genotype 3 swine HEV capsid protein expressed by a recombinant baculovirus in insect cells as coating antigen. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibody to the capsid (PORF2) protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is sufficient to confer immunity, but knowledge of B-cell epitopes in the intact capsid is limited. (monash.edu)
A panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was generated following immunization with recombinant ORF2.1 protein, representing the C-terminal 267 amino acids (aa) of the 660-aa capsid protein. (monash.edu)
These results suggest that sequences spanning aa 394 to 457 of the capsid protein participate in the formation of strongly immunodominant epitopes on the surface of HEV particles which may be important in immunity to HEV infection. (monash.edu)
Resulting recombinant plasmid pSW119 expressed in Escherichia coli a VP1-beta-lactamase fusion protein that reacted with antibodies raised against poliovirus capsid polypeptide VP1 and with a monoclonal poliovirus type 1 neutralizing antibody, C3. (pasteur.fr)
These small, non-enveloped viruses comprise a positive-stranded RNA genome (ca. 7-9 kb) enclosed within a protein shell composed of 60 copies of three or four different capsid proteins. (ku.dk)
The sequences required for correct processing of the FMDV capsid protein precursor in mammalian cells were analyzed. (ku.dk)
For the first time, the crystal structure of the JEV capsid protein at 1.98 Å is also reported and compared to the existing flavivirus capsid protein. (liverpool.ac.uk)
JEV capsid shows helical secondary structure (α helixes 1-4) and protein folding similar to DENV and WNV capsid proteins. (liverpool.ac.uk)
The HCV core protein and DENV capsid protein, extensively interact with LDs to regulate their replication and assembly. (frontiersin.org)
Rationale: The capsid (C) protein of dengue virus functions primarily as a building block of the nucleocapsid. (who.int)
Scientists at Thomas Jefferson University say they have pieced together the three-dimensional atomic structure of a doughnut-shaped protein that acts like a door or "portal" for the DNA to get in and out of the capsid, and have now discovered that this protein begins to transform its structure when it comes into contact with DNA. (medicilon.com)
Their study (" Portal Protein Functions Akin to a DNA-Sensor That Couples Genome-Packaging to Icosahedral Capsid Maturation") is published in Nature Communications. (medicilon.com)
We think that DNA binds to the immature portal protein and wraps around it like a python as it enters the viral capsid with the help of the motor protein. (medicilon.com)
The capsid (CA) domain of the HIV-1 Gag protein is under strong pressure to conserve functional roles in viral assembly , maturation, uncoating, and nuclear import . (bvsalud.org)
For long term storage, keep the Recombinant Human parvovirus B19 Non-capsid protein NS-1(NS1),partial frozen at -20 or -80 degrees Celsius. (hpv11.com)
The Human parvovirus B19 (isolate AU) (HPV B19) parvovirus B19 Non-capsid protein NS-1(NS1),partial is shipped on ice packs. (hpv11.com)
Detection of norovirus capsid protein in authentic standards and in stool extracts by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and nanospray mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)
The detection of norovirus capsid protein was explored using three common MS-based methods: scanning of intact proteins, peptide mass fingerprinting, and peptide sequencing. (cdc.gov)
or =250 fmol of capsid protein in stool extracts. (cdc.gov)
Nucleotide sequences encoding the major capsid protein VP1 were determined for each isolate. (cdc.gov)
The different colors represent different regions of the organism's outer protein shell, or capsid. (cdc.gov)
While it is a microscopic organism, it contains a nucleic acid core and an outer, protein casing known as the capsid. (jobs-freshers.com)
ADENOVIRUS TYPE 40 HEXON PROTEIN Adenovirus type 40 hexon protein is a significant part of the adenovirus capsid. (mymouse.org)

Therapies targeting capsid proteins show promise as candidates to combat drug resistance for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) can cause, according to the results of a study published in Retrovirology . (pharmacytimes.com)
Investigators reviewed different compounds that target 5 sites of the capsid proteins: apical binding site, CAP-1 binding site, central pore binding site FG binding site, and 2-fold binding site. (pharmacytimes.com)
The drug "demonstrated sub-micromolar potency and serves as the backbone for some of the most promising current compounds, including PF74 analogues with increased potency, particularly against [capsid proteins] mutants that display resistance to PF74," according to the study. (pharmacytimes.com)
The core peptidic backbone of PF74 has also been applied to other capsid proteins targeting compounds, such as GS-6207, which is an extremely potent therapy that is in phase 2/3 clinical trials. (pharmacytimes.com)
However, the CAP-1 binding site demonstrated the potential of capsid proteins, as it was the first compound reported to target capsid proteins, investigators said. (pharmacytimes.com)
Merck), which is a long-acting therapeutic that targets the capsid proteins and reverses the transcriptase, investigators said. (pharmacytimes.com)
P.12 3rd paragraph: 'Using the statistical analysis [investigators] have shown that capsid proteins of all viruses are similarly sized, prism-like, about 3 nm thick, having an average diameter of 5 nm and an average molecular weight of mprot≈2.7×10^4 amu [atomic mass unit=Dalton]. (harvard.edu)
The human antibody response to polyomavirus capsid proteins is not well characterized. (elsevier.com)
Viruses assemble protective capsids from several copies of one or a few structural proteins. (nus.edu.sg)
The capsid (CA) domain of retroviral Gag proteins posseses one subdomain, the major homology region (MHR) which is conserved among nearly all avian and mammalian retroviruses. (elsevier.com)
The capsid proteins (CPs) of viruses in the order that infect unicellular organisms, such as algae, presumably possess certain characteristics that have changed little over the course of evolution, and thus these viruses may resemble the Picornavirales ancestor in some respects. (scilifelab.se)
The sensitivity of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is more than 1000 times greater than that of standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and approximately 10-fold greater than reverse-transcription PCR in detection of norovirus capsid proteins in stool and food samples. (medscape.com)
Tian P, Mandrell R. Detection of norovirus capsid proteins in faecal and food samples by a real time immuno-PCR method. (medscape.com)
Capsids are composed of repeating units (capsomers or capsomeres) of CAPSID PROTEINS which when assembled together form either an icosahedral or helical shape. (bvsalud.org)
During transformation of the procapsid into the mature VIRUS PARTICLE, some procapsid proteins, such as stabilizing viral scaffolding proteins, are ejected, and are therefore not part of the mature capsid structure. (bvsalud.org)
The polyomaviruses have similar genetic makeup, including genes that encode viral capsid proteins VP1, 2, and 3 and large and small T region proteins. (web.app)
To fully understand this interaction we will assess the role of other capsid proteins, fiber and penton base by using a range of chimeric adenoviral vectors. (ukri.org)
Such a situation by calming down the the correct instructions on how to avoid frustration or embarrassment which can deter- someone who has longer duration of symp- toms) speeds up resolution of viral vaccine contamination have viruses) the capsid is surrounded by urfare proteins. (sdchirogroup.com)

It consists of a double-stranded 172 Kb DNA genome, enclosed within an icosahedral capsid, surrounded by a phospholipid rich envelope Footnote 1 Footnote 3 . (canada.ca)
It is a double-stranded DNA virus with a diameter of 150 to 200 nm, has an icosahedral capsid and a lipoprotein envelope 1 . (bvsalud.org)

The capsid protects the viral RNA genome which is reverse-transcribed into DNA, trafficked to the nucleus, and integrated into the host genome. (cam.ac.uk)
Poliovirus is a type of anaerobe virus and consists of an RNA genome enclosed in a capsid. (cdc.gov)
Viruses use a double-layered capsid and an envelope to protect their genome. (jobs-freshers.com)

Mouse anti Rotavirus antibody, clone 0521 recognises the p41 capsid protien of Rotavirus from human, monkey and porcine isolates. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)

The above-mentioned and other critical structural features provide new insights on three long-standing theories about Picornavirales: (i) the canyon hypothesis, (ii) the primordial VP2 domain swap, and (iii) the hypothesis that alga Picornavirales viruses could share characteristics with the Picornavirales ancestor.IMPORTANCE Identifying the acquired structural traits in virus capsids is important for elucidating what functions are essential among viruses that infect different hosts. (scilifelab.se)
A comparison to capsid structures of the related invertebrate and vertebrate viruses identified a number of structural traits that have been functionally acquired or lost during the course of evolution. (scilifelab.se)
But the picture of how that DNA is loaded into those capsids was blurry, especially for two of the most common types of DNA viruses on earth, bacterial viruses and human herpesvirus. (medicilon.com)

The SamuxMP mass photometer can quickly measure the empty/full capsid ratio during AAV downstream purification, making it ideal to use when optimizing and monitoring AAV purification processes. (refeyn.com)

During maturation, the viral protease cleaves Gag into single components and CA assembles into a mature capsid. (cam.ac.uk)
In the mature capsid, R18 and K25 are thought to have a dual role. (cam.ac.uk)
Both residues are important IP6 binders, and their mutation interferes with mature capsid formation. (cam.ac.uk)

Unlike traditional CAMs, which target capsid assembly and disassembly, we believe these molecules may have an additional mechanism of action. (gabio.org)

These results can explain earlier observations that loss of the C-terminus (including the conserved motif) from the poliovirus capsid precursor conferred resistance to processing. (ku.dk)

Skyline has established an advanced adeno-associated virus (AAV) based platform that seamlessly integrates cutting-edge capsid discovery, vector engineering, process development and GMP manufacturing, offering an unparalleled degree of quality and efficiency in the development of innovative gene therapies. (skytx.com)

Here we report the 4.5-Å resolution structure of a 22-MDa macromolecular assembly, the capsid of the infectious epsilon15 (ε15) particle, by single-particle electron cryomicroscopy. (nature.com)
Mutational studies based on this structure confirmed the role of amino acid residues in the capsid that function in the assembly of infectious virions. (rcsb.org)
By targeting the HIV-1 viral conical core, also known as the capsid or core, therapies could disrupt the process of assembly and/or disassembly of the virus, resulting in the suppression of the virus. (pharmacytimes.com)
The process of AAV capsid assembly remains poorly understood. (nih.gov)
Our results suggest a model for capsid assembly where surface charge/neutrality dictates an interaction between AAPN and the lumenal VP surface to nucleate capsid assembly. (nih.gov)
IMPORTANCE Efforts to engineer the AAV capsid to gain desirable properties for gene therapy (e.g., tropism, reduced immunogenicity, and higher potency) require that capsid modifications do not affect particle assembly. (nih.gov)
Both immature and mature HIV capsid lattices need to maintain a delicate balance of stability to allow efficient assembly without compromising maturation or disassembly. (cam.ac.uk)
Antios Therapeutics, Inc. ("Antios"), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing innovative therapies to treat and cure chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), and IRBM, a drug discovery and early development research institute and global contract research organization, announced today they entered into an agreement for Antios to purchase the IP rights to a novel series of fourth-generation capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) being developed for the treatment of HBV. (gabio.org)

The presence or absence of EBV viral capsid ‎antigen (VCA) IgG, VCA IgM and EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) IgG antibodies was recorded. (who.int)

The capsid protects the viral nucleic acids from nucleases, which are essential to their replication. (jobs-freshers.com)

These studies led to the identification of key residues on the lumenal capsid surface that are important for AAP-VP and for VP-VP interactions. (nih.gov)
Four different functional domains were analyzed: 1) neutralizing antigenic (NAg) sites, 2) residues binding the poliovirus receptor (PVR), 3) VP1 residues 1-32, and 4) the capsid structural core. (cdc.gov)

This capsid constitutes the middle concentric layer of the viral mature particle. (joplink.net)
We have shown that the portal is much more like a sensor that essentially helps measure out an appropriate length of DNA for each capsid particle, ensuring faithful production of new viral particles. (medicilon.com)

The polypeptide fold of the RV capsid protomer has not been observed previously. (rcsb.org)
Poliovirus type 1 cDNA sequences coding for viral capsid polypeptide VP1 were inserted into the beta-lactamase sequence of Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322. (pasteur.fr)
Therefore, the C3 epitope responsible for virus neutralization is most probably located in this region of the capsid polypeptide. (pasteur.fr)

Capsid model and interactions of gp7. (nature.com)

This helped expand the field of HIV-1 capsid inhibitors for each of the 5 binding sites discussed. (pharmacytimes.com)
Lenacapavir is in a class of medications called HIV capsid inhibitors. (medlineplus.gov)

We followed the dynamics of capsid amino acid replacement among 403 Nigerian outbreak isolates of type 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) from 2005 through 2011. (cdc.gov)

The innermost VP2 capsid and the intermediate VP6 capsid rain intact following cell entry to protect the dsRNA from degradation and to prevent unfavorable antiviral responses in the host cell during all the replication cycle of the virus. (joplink.net)

In vivo West Nile virus capsid (Cp) expression induces apoptosis and inflammation in mice. (cdc.gov)
Lošdorfer Božič A, Šiber A, Podgornik R. Statistical analysis of sizes and shapes of virus capsids and their resulting elastic properties. (harvard.edu)
Capsid Structure of a Marine Algal Virus of the Order Picornavirales. (scilifelab.se)
To create swarms of new viral particles, a virus hijacks a cell into producing masses of self-assembling "cages," or capsids, that are then loaded with the genetic blueprint for the next infection. (medicilon.com)
En aquesta tesi hem presentat estratègies per millorar la disseminació intratumoral basades en l'augment de l'alliberament viral i en la millora de l'extravasació i penetració del virus al parènquima tumoral, augmentant en els dos casos l'eficàcia antitumoral. (ub.edu)
Aquest virus també presenta alliberament viral, citotoxicitat i eficàcia antitumoral incrementades en un model de carcinoma de pulmó humà. (ub.edu)
En el model de hàmster siri, un model immunocompetent i semipermissiu a la replicació de l'adenovirus, aquest virus presentava eficàcia antitumoral només al combinar-lo amb gemcitabina. (ub.edu)

Additionally, library-based approaches that simultaneously examine a large number of capsid variants would benefit from a universally functional AAP, which could hedge against overlooking variants with potentially valuable phenotypes that were lost during vector library production due to incompatibility with the cognate AAP. (nih.gov)

Here I show that infection and conical capsid formation of K25A can be rescued by compensating mutants without restoring the charged K25 ring. (cam.ac.uk)

Rotten to the core: antivirals targeting the HIV-1 capsid core. (pharmacytimes.com)

Evaluate/Determine/Explore the optimal media for increased titers and VG/capsid ratios for therapeutic development. (insights.bio)

This product recognizes the p41 capsid protien of Rotavirus from human, monkey and porcine isolates. (raybiotech.com)

Designed to improve growth and production of AAV and AAV2 serotypes, the HSMP optimizes HEK293 media allowing for increased titers and improved VG/Capsid ratios. (insights.bio)

This article describes the first atomic capsid structure of an alga Marnavirus, CtenRNAV-II. (scilifelab.se)

Anatomy7

Organisms51

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes23

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

CAR-dependent and CAR-independent pathways of adenovirus vector-mediated gene transfer and expression in human fibroblasts. (1/5649)

Maturation-induced conformational changes of HIV-1 capsid protein and identification of two high affinity sites for cyclophilins in the C-terminal domain. (2/5649)

Low temperature and pressure stability of picornaviruses: implications for virus uncoating. (3/5649)

Time-resolved fluorescence investigation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein: influence of the binding of nucleic acids. (4/5649)

The haplotype distribution of two genes of citrus tristeza virus is altered after host change or aphid transmission. (5/5649)

A new picornavirus isolated from bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). (6/5649)

The cleavable carboxyl-terminus of the small coat protein of cowpea mosaic virus is involved in RNA encapsidation. (7/5649)

Induction of autoantibodies to mouse CCR5 with recombinant papillomavirus particles. (8/5649)

Capsid

Capsid Proteins

Virus Assembly

Virion

Cryoelectron Microscopy

Viral Proteins

Molecular Sequence Data

Dependovirus

Viral Structural Proteins

DNA, Viral

Amino Acid Sequence

Cell Line

Genome, Viral

Virus Uncoating

Virus Replication

Herpesvirus 1, Human

RNA, Viral

Models, Molecular

Antigens, Viral

Parvovirus, Canine

Antibodies, Viral

Poliovirus

DNA Packaging

Microscopy, Electron

Calicivirus, Feline

Parvovirus

Spodoptera

Baculoviridae

RNA Viruses

Caliciviridae Infections

Norovirus

Norwalk virus

Cyclophilin A

Base Sequence

Cercopithecus aethiops

Vero Cells

Genetic Vectors

Caliciviridae

Genes, Viral

Reoviridae

Minute virus of mice

Parvoviridae Infections

Mutation

Parvoviridae

Gene Products, gag

Levivirus

Picornaviridae

Bromovirus

Open Reading Frames

Nucleocapsid

Aphthovirus

Neutralization Tests

Bacteriophages

Polyomavirus

Rotavirus

HeLa Cells

Rous sarcoma virus

Protein Conformation

Receptors, Virus

Mason-Pfizer monkey virus

Enterovirus B, Human

HIV-1

Insect Viruses

Parvovirus B19, Human

Microscopy, Electron, Transmission

Negative Staining

Epitopes

Protein Precursors

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Amino Acid Substitution

Bacteriophage P22

Nodaviridae

Rubella virus

Gene Expression Regulation, Viral

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Rabbit

Virus Internalization

Virus Release

Feline panleukopenia virus

Infectious bursal disease virus