Electrophoresis, Capillary
Capillary Action
Capillary Permeability
Hemangioma, Capillary
Capillary Resistance
Capillary Electrochromatography
Capillary Leak Syndrome
Capillary Fragility
Neovascularization, Physiologic
Capillary Tubing
Endothelium, Vascular
Corrosion Casting
Kidney Glomerulus
Nails
Microscopic Angioscopy
Pericytes
Pulmonary Wedge Pressure
Chromatography, Gas
Basement Membrane
Microscopy, Electron
Endothelium
Endothelial Cells
Arterioles
Venules
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Electrophoresis, Microchip
Microscopy, Video
Blood-Brain Barrier
Ischemia
Glycocalyx
Blood Flow Velocity
Muscle, Skeletal
Granuloma, Pyogenic
Reproducibility of Results
Hemodynamics
Lung
Neovascularization, Pathologic
Blood Specimen Collection
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Oxygen
Hematocrit
Diabetic Retinopathy
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Blood Vessels
Blood-Air Barrier
Limit of Detection
Immunohistochemistry
Skin
Rats, Wistar
Microvessels
Mesentery
Cells, Cultured
Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity
Disease Models, Animal
Pulmonary Edema
Cattle
Brain
Pulmonary Alveoli
Erythrocytes
Kidney
Glomerulonephritis
Lasers
Vascular Resistance
Sensitivity and Specificity
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
Endothelial Growth Factors
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents
Dogs
Microfluidics
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Oxygen Consumption
Antigens, CD31
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Rabbits
Fovea Centralis
Models, Cardiovascular
Lymphokines
Fluorescein Angiography
Pressure
Rats, Inbred Strains
Buffers
Complement C4b
Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated
VEGF is required for growth and survival in neonatal mice. (1/3987)
We employed two independent approaches to inactivate the angiogenic protein VEGF in newborn mice: inducible, Cre-loxP- mediated gene targeting, or administration of mFlt(1-3)-IgG, a soluble VEGF receptor chimeric protein. Partial inhibition of VEGF achieved by inducible gene targeting resulted in increased mortality, stunted body growth and impaired organ development, most notably of the liver. Administration of mFlt(1-3)-IgG, which achieves a higher degree of VEGF inhibition, resulted in nearly complete growth arrest and lethality. Ultrastructural analysis documented alterations in endothelial and other cell types. Histological and biochemical changes consistent with liver and renal failure were observed. Endothelial cells isolated from the liver of mFlt(1-3)-IgG-treated neonates demonstrated an increased apoptotic index, indicating that VEGF is required not only for proliferation but also for survival of endothelial cells. However, such treatment resulted in less significant alterations as the animal matured, and the dependence on VEGF was eventually lost some time after the fourth postnatal week. Administration of mFlt(1-3)-IgG to juvenile mice failed to induce apoptosis in liver endothelial cells. Thus, VEGF is essential for growth and survival in early postnatal life. However, in the fully developed animal, VEGF is likely to be involved primarily in active angiogenesis processes such as corpus luteum development. (+info)Microvessels from Alzheimer's disease brains kill neurons in vitro. (2/3987)
Understanding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is of widespread interest because it is an increasingly prevalent disorder that is progressive, fatal, and currently untreatable. The dementia of Alzheimer's disease is caused by neuronal cell death. We demonstrate for the first time that blood vessels isolated from the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients can directly kill neurons in vitro. Either direct co-culture of Alzheimer's disease microvessels with neurons or incubation of cultured neurons with conditioned medium from microvessels results in neuronal cell death. In contrast, vessels from elderly nondemented donors are significantly (P<0.001) less lethal and brain vessels from younger donors are not neurotoxic. Neuronal killing by either direct co-culture with Alzheimer's disease microvessels or conditioned medium is dose- and time-dependent. Neuronal death can occur by either apoptotic or necrotic mechanisms. The microvessel factor is neurospecific, killing primary cortical neurons, cerebellar granule neurons, and differentiated PC-12 cells, but not non-neuronal cell types or undifferentiated PC-12 cells. Appearance of the neurotoxic factor is decreased by blocking microvessel protein synthesis with cycloheximide. The neurotoxic factor is soluble and likely a protein, because its activity is heat labile and trypsin sensitive. These findings implicate a novel mechanism of vascular-mediated neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease. (+info)Angiosarcomas express mixed endothelial phenotypes of blood and lymphatic capillaries: podoplanin as a specific marker for lymphatic endothelium. (3/3987)
Angiosarcomas apparently derive from blood vessel endothelial cells; however, occasionally their histological features suggest mixed origin from blood and lymphatic endothelia. In the absence of specific positive markers for lymphatic endothelia the precise distinction between these components has not been possible. Here we provide evidence by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry that podoplanin, a approximately 38-kd membrane glycoprotein of podocytes, is specifically expressed in the endothelium of lymphatic capillaries, but not in the blood vasculature. In normal skin and kidney, podoplanin colocalized with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, the only other lymphatic marker presently available. Complementary immunostaining of blood vessels was obtained with established endothelial markers (CD31, CD34, factor VIII-related antigen, and Ulex europaeus I lectin) as well as podocalyxin, another podocytic protein that is also localized in endothelia of blood vessels. Podoplanin specifically immunolabeled endothelia of benign tumorous lesions of undisputed lymphatic origin (lymphangiomas, hygromas) and was detected there as a 38-kd protein by immunoblotting. As paradigms of malignant vascular tumors, poorly differentiated (G3) common angiosarcomas (n = 8), epitheloid angiosarcomas (n = 3), and intestinal Kaposi's sarcomas (n = 5) were examined for their podoplanin content in relation to conventional endothelial markers. The relative number of tumor cells expressing podoplanin was estimated and, although the number of cases in this preliminary study was limited to 16, an apparent spectrum of podoplanin expression emerged that can be divided into a low-expression group in which 0-10% of tumor cells contained podoplanin, a moderate-expression group with 30-60% and a high-expression group with 70-100%. Ten of eleven angiosarcomas and all Kaposi's sarcomas showed mixed expression of both lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial phenotypes. By double labeling, most podoplanin-positive tumor cells coexpressed endothelial markers of blood vessels, whereas few tumor cells were positive for individual markers only. From these results we conclude that (1) podoplanin is a selective marker of lymphatic endothelium; (2) G3 angiosarcomas display a quantitative spectrum of podoplanin-expressing tumor cells; (3) in most angiosarcomas, a varying subset of tumor cells coexpresses podoplanin and endothelial markers of blood vessels; and (4) all endothelial cells of Kaposi's sarcomas expressed the lymphatic marker podoplanin. (+info)Microvascular function relates to insulin sensitivity and blood pressure in normal subjects. (4/3987)
BACKGROUND: A strong but presently unexplained inverse association between blood pressure and insulin sensitivity has been reported. Microvascular vasodilator capacity may be a common antecedent linking insulin sensitivity to blood pressure. To test this hypothesis, we studied 18 normotensive and glucose-tolerant subjects showing a wide range in insulin sensitivity as assessed with the hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp technique. METHODS AND RESULTS: Blood pressure was measured by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Videomicroscopy was used to measure skin capillary density and capillary recruitment after arterial occlusion. Skin blood flow responses after iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry. Insulin sensitivity correlated with 24-hour systolic blood pressure (24-hour SBP; r=-0.50, P<0.05). Capillary recruitment and acetylcholine-mediated vasodilatation were strongly and positively related to insulin sensitivity (r=0.84, P<0.001; r=0.78, P<0.001, respectively), and capillary recruitment was inversely related to 24-hour SBP (r=-0.53, P<0.05). Waist-to-hip ratio showed strong associations with insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and the measures of microvascular function but did not confound the associations between these variables. Subsequent regression analysis showed that the association between insulin sensitivity and blood pressure was not independent of the estimates of microvascular function, and part of the variation in both blood pressure (R2=38%) and insulin sensitivity (R2=71%) could be explained by microvascular function. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin sensitivity and blood pressure are associated well within the physiological range. Microvascular function strongly relates to both, consistent with a central role in linking these variables. (+info)Endothelin up-regulation and localization following renal ischemia and reperfusion. (5/3987)
BACKGROUND: Endothelin (ET), a potent vasoconstrictor, is known to play a role in ischemic acute renal failure. Although preproET-1 (ppET-1) mRNA is known to be up-regulated following ischemia/reperfusion injury, it has not been determined which component of the injury (ischemia or reperfusion) leads to initial gene up-regulation. Likewise, although ET-1 peptide expression has been localized in the normal kidney, its expression pattern in the ischemic kidney has not been determined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to determine whether ischemia alone or ischemia plus reperfusion is required for the up-regulation of ppET-1 mRNA to occur, and (b) to localize ET-1 peptide expression following ischemia in the rat kidney to clarify better the role of ET in the pathophysiology of ischemia-induced acute renal failure. METHODS: Male Lewis rats underwent clamping of the right renal vascular pedicle for either 30 minutes of ischemia (group 1), 60 minutes of ischemia (group 2), 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion (group 3), or 60 minutes of ischemia followed by three hours of reperfusion (group 4). The contralateral kidney acted as a control. ppET-1 mRNA up-regulation and ET-1 peptide expression were examined using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction yielded a control (nonischemic) value of 0.6 +/- 0.2 densitometric units (DU) of ppET-1 mRNA in the kidney. Group 1 levels (30 min of ischemia alone) were 1.8 +/- 0.4 DU, a threefold increase (P < 0.05). Group 2 levels (60 min of ischemia alone) increased almost six times above baseline, 3.5 +/- 0.2 DU (P < 0.01), whereas both group 3 and group 4 (ischemia plus reperfusion) did not experience any further significant increases in mRNA levels (1.9 +/- 0.4 DU and 2.8 +/- 0.6 DU, respectively) beyond levels in group 1 or 2 animals subjected to similar ischemic periods. ET-1 peptide expression in the ischemic kidneys was significantly increased over controls and was clearly localized to the endothelium of the peritubular capillary network of the kidney. CONCLUSIONS: Initial ET-1 gene up-regulation in the kidney occurs secondary to ischemia, but reperfusion most likely contributes to sustaining this up-regulation. The marked increase of ET-1 in the peritubular capillary network suggests that ET-induced vasoconstriction may have a pathophysiological role in ischemic acute tubular necrosis. (+info)Inhibition of effects of flow on potassium permeability in single perfused frog mesenteric capillaries. (6/3987)
1. We have investigated the effects of various potential inhibitors on flow-dependent K+ permeability (PK) of single perfused mesenteric microvessels in pithed frogs. 2. Neither superfusion with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (10 or 100 micromol l-1), nor the addition of indomethacin (30 micromol l-1) to both perfusate and superfusate reduced the positive correlation between PK and flow velocity (U). 3. In the presence of agents known to raise intracellular levels of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (noradrenaline, 8-bromo-cAMP and a combination of forskolin and rolipram) the slope of the relation between PK and U was no longer significant, so that PK was no longer flow dependent. 4. These results confirm that the flow dependence of PK is a biological process and not an artefact of measurement and suggest a role for intracellular cAMP rather than nitric oxide or prostacyclin in the flow-dependent modulation of PK in frog mesenteric microvessels. (+info)Polyol formation and NADPH-dependent reductases in dog retinal capillary pericytes and endothelial cells. (7/3987)
PURPOSE: Dogs fed a diet containing 30% galactose experience retinal vascular changes similar to those in human diabetic retinopathy, with selective pericyte loss as an initial lesion. In the present study the relationship among reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent reductases, polyol formation, and flux through the polyol pathway in cultured dog retinal capillary cells were investigated. METHODS: Pericytes and endothelial cells were cultured from retina of beagle dogs. NADPH-dependent reductases were characterized by chromatofocusing after gel filtration. Sugars in cultured cells were analyzed by gas chromatography, and flux through the polyol pathway was investigated by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-D-glucose (3FG) as a substrate. The presence of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase in these cells was examined by northern blot analysis. RESULTS: Two distinct peaks corresponding to aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase, the latter being dominant, were observed in pericytes by chromatofocusing. Culture in medium containing either 10 mM D-galactose or 30 mM D-glucose resulted in the accumulation of sugar alcohol in pericytes that was markedly reduced by aldose reductase inhibitors. 19F NMR spectra obtained from pericytes cultured for 5 days in medium containing 2 mM 3FG displayed the marked accumulation of 3-fluoro-deoxysorbitol but not 3-fluoro-deoxyfructose. No 3FG metabolism was observed in similarly cultured endothelial cells. With northern blot analysis, aldose reductase was detected in pericytes but not in endothelial cells. Sorbitol dehydrogenase was below the detectable limit in pericytes and endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: Aldose, aldehyde, and glyceraldehyde reductases are present in dog retinal capillary pericytes, with aldehyde reductase being the major reductase present. Polyol accumulation easily occurs in pericytes but not in endothelial cells. (+info)VEGF deprivation-induced apoptosis is a component of programmed capillary regression. (8/3987)
The pupillary membrane (PM) is a transient ocular capillary network, which can serve as a model system in which to study the mechanism of capillary regression. Previous work has shown that there is a tight correlation between the cessation of blood flow in a capillary segment and the appearance of apoptotic capillary cells throughout the segment. This pattern of cell death is referred to as synchronous apoptosis (Lang, R. A., Lustig, M., Francois, F., Sellinger, M. and Plesken, H. (1994) Development 120, 3395-3404; Meeson, A., Palmer, M., Calfon, M. and Lang, R. A. (1996) Development 122, 3929-3938). In the present study, we have investigated whether the cause of synchronous apoptosis might be a segmental deficiency of either oxygen or a survival factor. Labeling with the compound EF5 in a normal PM indicated no segmental hypoxia; this argued that oxygen deprivation was unlikely to be the cause of synchronous apoptosis. When rat plasma was used as a source of survival factors in an in vitro PM explant assay, inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) all but eliminated the activity of plasma in suppressing apoptosis. This argued that VEGF was an important plasma survival factor. Furthermore, inhibition of VEGF in vivo using fusion proteins of the human Flk-1/KDR receptor resulted in a significantly increased number of capillaries showing synchronous apoptosis. This provides evidence that VEGF is necessary for endothelial cell survival in this system and in addition, that VEGF deprivation mediated by flow cessation is a component of synchronous apoptosis. (+info)Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body. They are responsible for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the body's tissues. Capillaries are so small that red blood cells can only pass through them in single file, and their walls are only one cell thick. This allows for the efficient exchange of substances between the blood and the tissues. Capillaries are found throughout the body, including in the skin, muscles, and organs. They play a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall health and function.
Capillary action is a phenomenon that occurs when a liquid, such as blood, is drawn up into a narrow tube or vessel, such as a blood vessel, due to the intermolecular forces between the liquid and the walls of the tube. In the medical field, capillary action is an important concept in the study of blood flow and circulation. It is responsible for the movement of blood from the small veins to the capillaries, where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with the body's cells, and waste products are removed. Capillary action is also important in the delivery of drugs and other substances to specific areas of the body.
Capillary permeability refers to the ability of fluid and solutes to pass through the walls of capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels in the body. Capillary permeability is an important factor in regulating blood flow and maintaining fluid balance in the body. There are two types of capillary permeability: hydrostatic and osmotic. Hydrostatic permeability refers to the ability of fluid to move through the capillary walls under the influence of pressure gradients. Osmotic permeability refers to the ability of solutes to move through the capillary walls due to differences in solute concentration between the inside and outside of the capillary. Abnormalities in capillary permeability can lead to a variety of medical conditions, including edema (swelling), inflammation, and certain types of circulatory disorders. For example, increased capillary permeability can cause fluid to leak out of the capillaries and accumulate in tissues, leading to edema. Conversely, decreased capillary permeability can lead to poor blood flow and tissue ischemia (lack of oxygen and nutrients). In the medical field, capillary permeability is often measured using techniques such as the Evans blue dye test or the albumin permeability test. These tests involve injecting a dye or protein into the bloodstream and measuring its uptake by the capillary walls, which can provide information about the permeability of the capillaries.
Hemangioma, Capillary is a type of benign (non-cancerous) tumor that is made up of blood vessels. It is also known as a "vascular malformation" or "angioma." Capillary hemangiomas are the most common type of hemangioma and are typically found in infants and young children. They are usually located on the skin, but can also occur in other parts of the body, such as the liver, brain, and bones. Capillary hemangiomas are usually not painful and often go away on their own without treatment. However, in some cases, treatment may be necessary to prevent complications or to improve the appearance of the affected area.
Capillary resistance refers to the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Capillaries have a very small diameter, which makes it difficult for blood to flow through them. This resistance is caused by the friction between the blood and the walls of the capillaries, as well as the viscosity of the blood. Capillary resistance plays an important role in regulating blood flow and blood pressure. The body is able to adjust the size of the blood vessels to change the resistance and, therefore, the flow of blood. For example, during exercise, the body increases blood flow to the muscles by widening the capillaries, which reduces the resistance and allows more blood to flow through. In the medical field, capillary resistance is often measured as a way to assess the health of the circulatory system. Abnormal levels of capillary resistance can be a sign of a variety of conditions, including hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes.
Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a separation technique that combines the principles of capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It is used in the medical field for the analysis of various biological samples, such as blood, urine, and tissue extracts. In CEC, a small capillary tube is used as the separation column, and an electric field is applied to drive the separation of the sample components. The sample is introduced into the capillary, and the components are separated based on their charge, size, and shape. The separated components are then detected and quantified using various detection methods, such as UV absorbance or mass spectrometry. CEC has several advantages over traditional HPLC, including faster separation times, higher sensitivity, and lower sample and solvent consumption. It is particularly useful for the analysis of complex mixtures, such as those found in biological samples, and is widely used in the medical field for the detection and quantification of various biomarkers, drugs, and metabolites.
Capillary Leak Syndrome (CLS) is a rare but serious medical condition characterized by the excessive leakage of fluid and proteins from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues. This leakage occurs in the smallest blood vessels, called capillaries, which are responsible for regulating the exchange of fluids and nutrients between the blood and tissues. In CLS, the capillaries become leaky due to damage or dysfunction of the endothelial cells that line the walls of the capillaries. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections, autoimmune disorders, certain medications, and exposure to toxins or chemicals. The symptoms of CLS can vary depending on the severity and location of the fluid leakage. Common symptoms include swelling, edema (swelling caused by fluid accumulation in the tissues), fatigue, shortness of breath, and low blood pressure. In severe cases, CLS can lead to shock, organ failure, and even death. Treatment for CLS typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition, such as treating an infection or discontinuing a medication that may be causing the leak. In some cases, intravenous fluids may be given to replace the lost fluids and prevent dehydration. In severe cases, hospitalization and supportive care may be necessary.
Capillary fragility is a condition in which the walls of small blood vessels, or capillaries, become weak and prone to rupture. This can lead to easy bruising, nosebleeds, and other bleeding disorders. Capillary fragility can be caused by a variety of factors, including vitamin deficiencies, certain medications, and certain medical conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, and connective tissue disorders. Treatment for capillary fragility typically involves addressing the underlying cause and may include dietary changes, vitamin supplements, and medications to help strengthen the blood vessels.
Capillary tubing is a type of small-diameter tubing used in medical applications, particularly in the collection and transfer of blood samples. It is typically made of plastic or glass and has an inner diameter of 0.5 to 2 millimeters. Capillary tubing is often used in conjunction with a lancet or other device to draw blood from a patient's finger or other body part. The small diameter of the tubing allows for the collection of only a small volume of blood, typically less than a milliliter, which is sufficient for many diagnostic tests. Capillary tubing is also used in other medical applications, such as the delivery of medication or the transfer of fluids between different medical devices.
Corrosion casting, also known as lost-wax casting, is a technique used in the medical field to create metal molds of intricate anatomical structures. The process involves creating a wax model of the desired structure, which is then coated in a layer of a corrosion-resistant material such as shellac or epoxy. The wax model is then heated to melt the wax, which is allowed to drain out, leaving behind a hollow shell. Molten metal is then poured into the shell, filling it and hardening to create a durable metal cast of the original wax model. Corrosion casting is commonly used in the medical field to create metal molds of bones, joints, and other complex anatomical structures for use in surgical planning and training.
Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique used in the medical field to separate and analyze volatile compounds in a sample. It is a type of chromatography that uses a gas as the mobile phase to separate the components of a mixture based on their volatility and interaction with the stationary phase. In GC, a sample is injected into a heated column packed with a stationary phase, which is typically a solid or liquid coated onto a small diameter column. The sample components are then carried through the column by a carrier gas, such as helium or nitrogen, which flows through the column at a constant rate. As the sample components pass through the column, they interact with the stationary phase and are separated based on their volatility and affinity for the stationary phase. The separated components are then detected and quantified using a detector, such as a flame ionization detector or mass spectrometer. GC is commonly used in the medical field to analyze a wide range of samples, including biological fluids, drugs, and environmental samples. It is particularly useful for analyzing volatile organic compounds, such as those found in breath or blood, and is often used in the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases such as diabetes, liver disease, and lung cancer.
The basement membrane is a thin layer of connective tissue that separates the epithelial cells from the underlying connective tissue in many organs and tissues in the body. It is composed of a basement membrane zone (BMZ), which is a dense extracellular matrix, and the lamina propria, which is a loose connective tissue layer. The basement membrane plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of tissues and organs, as well as in regulating the exchange of substances between the epithelial cells and the underlying connective tissue. It is also involved in the development and differentiation of cells, and in the formation of blood vessels and nerves. In the medical field, the basement membrane is often studied in relation to various diseases and conditions, such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and connective tissue diseases. It is also an important component of many laboratory tests, such as skin biopsies and kidney biopsies, which are used to diagnose and monitor these conditions.
Arterioles are small blood vessels that branch off from arteries and carry oxygenated blood to the capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels in the body. They are responsible for regulating blood flow and pressure within the microcirculation, which is the network of blood vessels that supply blood to individual tissues and organs. Arterioles have a diameter of approximately 100-300 micrometers and are lined with smooth muscle cells that can contract or relax to change the diameter of the vessel. This allows for the regulation of blood flow and pressure in response to changes in the body's needs, such as during exercise or in response to changes in blood pressure. Arterioles also play a role in the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and the surrounding tissues. They are an important part of the cardiovascular system and any dysfunction or disease affecting the arterioles can have significant consequences for overall health and wellbeing.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) is a protein that plays a crucial role in the growth and development of blood vessels. It is produced by a variety of cells, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells, and is involved in a number of physiological processes, including wound healing, angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels), and tumor growth. VEGF-A binds to receptors on the surface of endothelial cells, triggering a signaling cascade that leads to the proliferation and migration of these cells, as well as the production of new blood vessels. This process is essential for the growth and development of tissues, but it can also contribute to the formation of tumors and other pathological conditions. In the medical field, VEGF-A is often targeted as a potential therapeutic agent for a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and eye disorders. Anti-VEGF-A therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors, are used to block the activity of VEGF-A and its receptors, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth.
The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and spinal cord. It is formed by specialized endothelial cells that line the walls of the blood vessels in the brain and spinal cord, along with astrocytes and pericytes that support and regulate the BBB. The BBB plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis of the brain by regulating the transport of molecules and ions into and out of the brain. It acts as a barrier to prevent harmful substances, such as toxins and pathogens, from entering the brain, while allowing essential nutrients and signaling molecules to pass through. The BBB is also involved in the regulation of immune responses in the brain and spinal cord, and plays a role in the development and progression of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke.
Ischemia is a medical condition that occurs when there is a lack of blood flow to a particular part of the body. This can happen when the blood vessels that supply blood to the affected area become narrowed or blocked, either due to a physical obstruction or a decrease in blood pressure. Ischemia can affect any part of the body, but it is most commonly associated with the heart and brain. In the heart, ischemia can lead to a condition called angina, which is characterized by chest pain or discomfort. If the blood flow to the heart is completely blocked, it can result in a heart attack. In the brain, ischemia can cause a stroke, which can lead to permanent damage or even death if not treated promptly. Ischemia can also occur in other organs, such as the kidneys, limbs, and intestines, and can cause a range of symptoms depending on the affected area. Treatment for ischemia typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the blockage or narrowing of the blood vessels, such as through medication, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
Blood flow velocity refers to the speed at which blood flows through a blood vessel or artery. It is typically measured in units of meters per second (m/s) or centimeters per second (cm/s). Blood flow velocity is an important parameter in the assessment of cardiovascular health, as it can provide information about the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood circulation. Blood flow velocity can be measured using various techniques, including Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) angiography. These techniques use sound waves or electromagnetic signals to detect the movement of blood through the blood vessels and calculate the velocity of blood flow. Abnormal blood flow velocities can indicate a variety of cardiovascular conditions, such as stenosis (narrowing) of the blood vessels, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), and blood clots. Therefore, measuring blood flow velocity is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation and management of cardiovascular diseases.
A granuloma, pyogenic, is a type of inflammatory response that occurs when the body's immune system reacts to a foreign substance, such as bacteria, fungi, or parasites. In a pyogenic granuloma, the immune system responds to the presence of bacteria by forming a mass of tissue called a granuloma. Pyogenic granulomas are usually benign and can occur anywhere in the body, but they are most commonly found on the skin or in the mouth. They are usually red, raised, and painful, and may be accompanied by swelling and warmth. Treatment for pyogenic granulomas typically involves surgical removal, although in some cases, they may resolve on their own without treatment.
Neovascularization, pathologic, refers to the abnormal growth of new blood vessels in the body. This can occur in response to a variety of factors, including injury, inflammation, and certain diseases. In some cases, neovascularization can be a normal part of the healing process, but in other cases it can be a sign of a more serious underlying condition. Pathologic neovascularization is often associated with conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and age-related macular degeneration. It can also be seen in the development of certain types of tumors, where the new blood vessels help to provide the tumor with the nutrients and oxygen it needs to grow. Treatment for pathologic neovascularization may involve medications, laser therapy, or surgery, depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition.
Blood specimen collection is the process of obtaining a sample of blood from a patient for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. This can be done through various methods, such as venipuncture, capillary puncture, or arterial puncture, depending on the type of test or treatment required. During a venipuncture, a healthcare professional will use a needle to puncture a vein in the patient's arm and draw out a sample of blood. Capillary puncture involves pricking the skin with a lancet to obtain a small amount of blood, which is typically used for glucose testing or blood gas analysis. Arterial puncture is a more invasive procedure that involves puncturing an artery to obtain a sample of blood for specific tests, such as coagulation studies. Blood specimen collection is an essential part of medical diagnosis and treatment, as it allows healthcare professionals to analyze the patient's blood for various indicators of health, such as blood cell counts, glucose levels, and cholesterol levels. It is important that blood specimen collection is performed by trained healthcare professionals using proper techniques to ensure the accuracy and safety of the results.
In the medical field, oxygen is a gas that is essential for the survival of most living organisms. It is used to treat a variety of medical conditions, including respiratory disorders, heart disease, and anemia. Oxygen is typically administered through a mask, nasal cannula, or oxygen tank, and is used to increase the amount of oxygen in the bloodstream. This can help to improve oxygenation of the body's tissues and organs, which is important for maintaining normal bodily functions. In medical settings, oxygen is often used to treat patients who are experiencing difficulty breathing due to conditions such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or asthma. It may also be used to treat patients who have suffered from a heart attack or stroke, as well as those who are recovering from surgery or other medical procedures. Overall, oxygen is a critical component of modern medical treatment, and is used in a wide range of clinical settings to help patients recover from illness and maintain their health.
Diabetic Retinopathy is a medical condition that affects the blood vessels in the retina, which is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. It is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, and it can lead to vision loss if left untreated. Diabetic Retinopathy occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the retina, causing them to leak or become blocked. This can lead to swelling, bleeding, and the formation of abnormal blood vessels, which can further damage the retina and cause vision loss. There are two main types of diabetic retinopathy: non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy is the more common type and is characterized by damage to the blood vessels in the retina, but without the formation of new blood vessels. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is a more advanced form of the disease, and it is characterized by the growth of new blood vessels in the retina, which can cause bleeding and further vision loss. Diabetic Retinopathy is typically diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam, which may include dilating the pupils to allow for a better view of the retina. Treatment options for Diabetic Retinopathy may include laser therapy, medication, or surgery, depending on the severity of the condition. Early detection and treatment are crucial for preventing vision loss in people with diabetes.
Blood vessels are the tubes that carry blood throughout the body. There are three main types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and organs. They are thick-walled and muscular, and their walls are lined with smooth muscle that can contract to help push blood through the vessels. Veins are the blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart from the body's tissues and organs. They are thinner-walled than arteries and have valves that prevent blood from flowing backward. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, and they connect arteries and veins. They are extremely thin and have walls that are only one cell thick, which allows for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the body's tissues. Blood vessels play a critical role in maintaining the body's overall health and function. They help regulate blood pressure, transport oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues, and remove waste products from the body.
In the medical field, the "Blood-Air Barrier" refers to the physical and functional barrier that separates the blood from the air in the lungs. This barrier is essential for the proper exchange of gases between the bloodstream and the air in the lungs. The blood-air barrier is composed of several layers of cells and tissues, including the epithelial cells of the alveoli, the thin walls of the alveoli themselves, and the basement membrane that separates the alveoli from the surrounding blood vessels. The blood-air barrier is responsible for preventing the leakage of blood into the air spaces of the lungs, while allowing the efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the bloodstream and the air. Any damage or disruption to the blood-air barrier can lead to respiratory problems, such as pulmonary edema or respiratory failure.
Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels as the heart pumps blood through the body. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is typically expressed as two numbers: systolic pressure (the pressure when the heart beats) and diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart is at rest between beats). Normal blood pressure is considered to be below 120/80 mmHg, while high blood pressure (hypertension) is defined as a systolic pressure of 140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher. High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and other health problems.
In the medical field, "Cells, Cultured" refers to cells that have been grown and maintained in a controlled environment outside of their natural biological context, typically in a laboratory setting. This process is known as cell culture and involves the isolation of cells from a tissue or organism, followed by their growth and proliferation in a nutrient-rich medium. Cultured cells can be derived from a variety of sources, including human or animal tissues, and can be used for a wide range of applications in medicine and research. For example, cultured cells can be used to study the behavior and function of specific cell types, to develop new drugs and therapies, and to test the safety and efficacy of medical products. Cultured cells can be grown in various types of containers, such as flasks or Petri dishes, and can be maintained at different temperatures and humidity levels to optimize their growth and survival. The medium used to culture cells typically contains a combination of nutrients, growth factors, and other substances that support cell growth and proliferation. Overall, the use of cultured cells has revolutionized medical research and has led to many important discoveries and advancements in the field of medicine.
In the medical field, "Disease Models, Animal" refers to the use of animals to study and understand human diseases. These models are created by introducing a disease or condition into an animal, either naturally or through experimental manipulation, in order to study its progression, symptoms, and potential treatments. Animal models are used in medical research because they allow scientists to study diseases in a controlled environment and to test potential treatments before they are tested in humans. They can also provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of a disease and help to identify new therapeutic targets. There are many different types of animal models used in medical research, including mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys. Each type of animal has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of model depends on the specific disease being studied and the research question being addressed.
Pulmonary edema is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of excess fluid in the lungs. This can occur due to a variety of factors, including heart failure, kidney failure, severe dehydration, and certain medications. Pulmonary edema can cause shortness of breath, coughing, and difficulty breathing, and can be life-threatening if left untreated. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the edema and providing supportive care to help the body eliminate the excess fluid.
In the medical field, the term "cattle" refers to large domesticated animals that are raised for their meat, milk, or other products. Cattle are a common source of food and are also used for labor in agriculture, such as plowing fields or pulling carts. In veterinary medicine, cattle are often referred to as "livestock" and may be treated for a variety of medical conditions, including diseases, injuries, and parasites. Some common medical issues that may affect cattle include respiratory infections, digestive problems, and musculoskeletal disorders. Cattle may also be used in medical research, particularly in the fields of genetics and agriculture. For example, scientists may study the genetics of cattle to develop new breeds with desirable traits, such as increased milk production or resistance to disease.
In the medical field, the brain is the most complex and vital organ in the human body. It is responsible for controlling and coordinating all bodily functions, including movement, sensation, thought, emotion, and memory. The brain is located in the skull and is protected by the skull bones and cerebrospinal fluid. The brain is composed of billions of nerve cells, or neurons, which communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals. These neurons are organized into different regions of the brain, each with its own specific functions. The brain is also divided into two hemispheres, the left and right, which are connected by a bundle of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum. Damage to the brain can result in a wide range of neurological disorders, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Treatment for brain disorders often involves medications, surgery, and rehabilitation therapies to help restore function and improve quality of life.
Glomerulonephritis is a type of kidney disease that involves inflammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny blood vessels in the kidneys responsible for filtering waste products from the blood. This inflammation can cause damage to the glomeruli, leading to a range of symptoms and complications. There are many different types of glomerulonephritis, which can be classified based on their underlying cause. Some common causes include infections (such as strep throat or hepatitis B), autoimmune disorders (such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis), and certain medications or toxins. Symptoms of glomerulonephritis can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause of the condition. Common symptoms may include blood in the urine, swelling in the legs or feet, high blood pressure, fatigue, and changes in urine output. Treatment for glomerulonephritis typically involves managing symptoms and addressing the underlying cause of the inflammation. This may include medications to reduce inflammation, control blood pressure, and prevent further damage to the kidneys. In some cases, more aggressive treatments such as dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in the growth and development of blood vessels. They are produced by a variety of cells, including endothelial cells (the cells that line the inside of blood vessels), fibroblasts, and macrophages. VEGFs are important for the formation of new blood vessels during processes such as embryonic development, wound healing, and tumor growth. They do this by binding to receptors on the surface of endothelial cells, which triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the proliferation and migration of these cells, as well as the production of new blood vessels. In the medical field, VEGFs are often targeted in the treatment of various conditions, including cancer, eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases such as peripheral artery disease. This is because abnormal VEGF activity has been implicated in the development and progression of these conditions.
Endothelial Growth Factors (EGFs) are a group of proteins that play a crucial role in the growth, development, and repair of blood vessels. They are produced by a variety of cells, including endothelial cells (the cells that line the inside of blood vessels), fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. EGFs stimulate the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, which is essential for the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). They also promote the survival of existing blood vessels and increase blood flow to tissues. In the medical field, EGFs have been studied for their potential therapeutic applications in a variety of conditions, including cardiovascular disease, wound healing, and cancer. For example, EGFs have been used to promote the growth of new blood vessels in ischemic tissues, such as those affected by heart disease or peripheral artery disease. They have also been studied as a potential treatment for chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers, by promoting the growth of new blood vessels and improving blood flow to the affected area. However, the use of EGFs as a therapeutic agent is still in the experimental stage, and more research is needed to fully understand their potential benefits and risks.
Borates are a group of minerals that contain boron, a chemical element with the symbol B and atomic number 5. Borates are used in a variety of applications in the medical field, including as antiseptics, disinfectants, and as components in some medications. One common use of borates in medicine is as a topical antiseptic. Boric acid, a common borate mineral, has been used for centuries as a natural antiseptic and. It is often used in over-the-counter products such as vaginal suppositories and eye drops to treat infections and other conditions. Borates are also used in some medications as a component to help with the absorption of other active ingredients. For example, boric acid is used in some oral contraceptives to help with the absorption of hormones. In addition to their use in medicine, borates are also used in other industries, such as agriculture and cosmetics, due to their unique properties, such as their ability to absorb moisture and their ability to act as a mild abrasive.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents are drugs or substances that stimulate the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) in the body. These agents are used in the treatment of various medical conditions, including cancer, heart disease, and eye disorders. In cancer, angiogenesis is a critical process that allows tumors to grow and spread by providing them with the nutrients and oxygen they need to survive. Angiogenesis inhibitors block the formation of new blood vessels, thereby starving the tumor of its nutrients and slowing its growth. In heart disease, angiogenesis can help to repair damaged blood vessels and improve blood flow to the heart muscle. Angiogenesis-inducing agents can be used to stimulate the growth of new blood vessels in the heart, which can help to improve symptoms and reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke. In eye disorders, angiogenesis can help to restore vision by promoting the growth of new blood vessels in the retina. Angiogenesis-inducing agents can be used to treat conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion. Overall, angiogenesis-inducing agents are a promising area of medical research, and they have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of a wide range of diseases and conditions.
Cerebrovascular circulation refers to the blood flow to and from the brain and spinal cord. It is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the brain and removing waste products. The brain is a highly metabolically active organ, and it requires a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to function properly. The cerebrovascular system is made up of the arteries, veins, and capillaries that supply blood to the brain. Any disruption in the cerebrovascular circulation can lead to serious health problems, including stroke and brain injury.
Blood volume refers to the total amount of blood present in the circulatory system of an individual. It is an important parameter in the medical field as it helps to regulate blood pressure, maintain fluid balance, and transport oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues. The normal blood volume for an adult male is approximately 5 liters, while for an adult female, it is around 4.5 liters. Blood volume can be affected by a variety of factors, including dehydration, blood loss, fluid retention, and certain medical conditions such as heart failure or kidney disease. Measuring blood volume is typically done through a blood test called a hematocrit, which measures the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. Other methods of measuring blood volume include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
CD31 is a protein that is expressed on the surface of certain cells in the immune system, including platelets and certain types of white blood cells. It is also known as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) or cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31). In the medical field, CD31 is often used as a marker to identify and study certain types of cells, particularly those involved in the immune response. It is also used as a diagnostic tool to help diagnose and monitor certain medical conditions, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. CD31 is also used in research to study the function of immune cells and to develop new treatments for various diseases. For example, it has been shown to play a role in the formation of new blood vessels, which is important for wound healing and tissue repair. It is also involved in the regulation of the immune response and the development of certain types of cancer.
Lymphokines are a type of cytokine, which are signaling molecules secreted by immune cells such as T cells and B cells. They play a crucial role in regulating the immune response and are involved in various immune-related processes, including inflammation, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Lymphokines are produced in response to infections, injuries, or other stimuli that activate the immune system. They can be classified into several categories based on their function, including interleukins, interferons, and tumor necrosis factors. Interleukins are a group of lymphokines that regulate the activity of immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and macrophages. They are involved in various immune responses, including inflammation, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Interferons are another group of lymphokines that are produced in response to viral infections. They have antiviral properties and can also stimulate the immune system to fight off infections. Tumor necrosis factors are a group of lymphokines that are involved in the immune response to infections and tumors. They can stimulate the production of other cytokines and chemokines, which help to recruit immune cells to the site of infection or tumor. Overall, lymphokines play a critical role in the immune response and are involved in many different aspects of immune function.
In the medical field, "buffers" typically refer to substances that help regulate the pH of bodily fluids, such as blood and urine. Buffers work by neutralizing excess acid or base in the body, helping to maintain a stable pH level. This is important because many enzymes and other biological processes in the body require a specific pH range in order to function properly. There are several different types of buffers that can be used in the medical field, including bicarbonate buffers, phosphate buffers, and protein buffers. Bicarbonate buffers are the most common type of buffer used in the body, and they are primarily found in the blood and extracellular fluid. Phosphate buffers are also commonly used in the body, and they are found in the blood, urine, and other bodily fluids. Protein buffers are less common, but they can be used in certain medical situations where bicarbonate or phosphate buffers are not effective. In addition to regulating pH, buffers can also be used to treat certain medical conditions, such as acidosis (a condition in which the blood is too acidic) or alkalosis (a condition in which the blood is too alkaline). Buffers may be administered intravenously or orally, depending on the specific condition being treated and the needs of the patient.
Coronary vessels, also known as coronary arteries, are blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. There are two main coronary arteries, the left coronary artery and the right coronary artery, which branch off from the aorta and travel through the heart muscle to supply blood to the heart's various chambers and valves. The coronary arteries are responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle, which is essential for its proper function. If the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked due to atherosclerosis (the buildup of plaque), it can lead to a condition called coronary artery disease (CAD), which can cause chest pain, heart attack, and other serious cardiovascular problems. In some cases, coronary artery disease can be treated with medications, lifestyle changes, or procedures such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery. It is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and not smoking, to reduce the risk of developing coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular problems.
Complement C4b is a protein that is part of the complement system, a complex series of proteins that plays a role in the body's immune response. The complement system helps to identify and destroy foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses, that enter the body. C4b is one of several proteins that are produced when the complement system is activated. It is produced when C4, another protein in the complement system, is cleaved by an enzyme called C1s. C4b is then attached to the surface of a pathogen, marking it for destruction by other components of the complement system. C4b is also involved in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), which is a group of proteins that form a pore in the membrane of a pathogen, causing it to burst and be destroyed. The MAC is one of the most powerful weapons in the complement system, and it is able to destroy even highly resistant pathogens. In addition to its role in the immune response, C4b has been implicated in a number of other biological processes, including inflammation, cell signaling, and the regulation of the complement system itself.
Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated is a radiopharmaceutical used in medical imaging to diagnose and monitor liver and kidney function. It is a modified form of serum albumin, a protein found in the blood, that has been labeled with radioactive iodine. The radioactive iodine allows the serum albumin to be detected by medical imaging equipment, such as a gamma camera or a PET scanner. When injected into the bloodstream, the serum albumin, radio-iodinated travels through the body and is taken up by the liver and kidneys. The amount of serum albumin that is taken up by these organs can be measured using medical imaging equipment, which can provide information about the function of the liver and kidneys. Serum albumin, radio-iodinated is often used to diagnose liver and kidney diseases, such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, and kidney failure. It can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for these conditions.
Arteriovenous anastomosis (AVA) refers to a direct connection between an artery and a vein, bypassing the capillary bed. This type of connection is commonly found in the body's microcirculation, where it allows for the efficient exchange of oxygen and nutrients between the blood vessels and surrounding tissues. In some cases, AVAs can also occur in larger vessels, such as the coronary arteries and veins, where they can contribute to the development of certain cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease and heart failure. AVAs can be congenital or acquired, and they can occur in various parts of the body, including the brain, lungs, liver, kidneys, and limbs. They can also be the result of trauma, surgery, or certain medical conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and cancer.
Peritubular capillaries
Capillary
Capillary condensation
Capillary pressure
Capillary electrochromatography
Capillary Technologies
Luggin capillary
Lymph capillary
Capillary fringe
Capillary (disambiguation)
Capillary action
Capillary wave
Capillary length
Capillary aneurysms
Capillary number
Capillary surface
Capillary bridges
Capillary electrophoresis
Capillary refill
Capillary leak syndrome
Kinetic capillary electrophoresis
Thermal capillary wave
Capillary Action (band)
Alveolar capillary dysplasia
Macrocephaly-capillary malformation
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis
Capillary breakup rheometry
Capillary tube mat
Capillary flow porometry
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry
Capillary sample: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Peritubular capillaries - Wikipedia
Capillary Hemangioma: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
CAPILLARY - WJ53X0176 - GE Appliances
Blood and Silicon: New Electronics-Cooling System Mimics Human Capillaries - Scientific American
Capillary Training on the App Store
Preliminary studies of human pulmonary capillaries by India ink injection
D2171 Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
ICD-9 Code DISEASES OF ARTERIES, ARTERIOLES, AND CAPILLARIES 440-449- Codify By AAPC
SGE SOLGEL-WAX™ GC Capillary Columns
Fragile Capillaries Archives | Natskin | Gift Vouchers Available | Ringwood
SCOPe 2.08: Protein: Capillary morphogenesis protein 2 domain
PRIME PubMed | Monitoring myoglobin by capillary zone electrophoresis with end-column amperometric detection
Sothys Clarity Cleansing Milk - For Skin With Fragile Capillaries , With Witch Hazel Extract | FragranceNet.com®
Capillary Pressure: The Key To Producible Porosity | SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium | OnePetro
Thermostat 1/4'D Bulb - 36' Capillary
- SpaDepot.com
JFE: The Vortical Structure of Parasitic Capillary Waves: Convergence and Validation Studies | Virginia Tech Scholarly...
CAPILLARY ACTION - So Embarrassing (CD, Pangaea Recordings)
Capillary-Inertial Colloidal Catapult Powered by Surface Energy
Mardia Samyoung Shareholding: Mardia Samyoung Capillary Tubes Company Ltd Share Holding Pattern | India Infoline
Capillary Blood Collection Devices Market to Value USD 778.38 till 2023 | with Abbot Laboratories, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG,...
CAPILLARYS 3 OCTA, automated electrophoresis capillary system | SEBIA | en-IN
WHO EMRO | Evaluation of capillary blood glucose versus a high-risk questionnaire for screening for undiagnosed diabetes...
Blood and lymphatic capillaries grown for the first time in the lab - Medizin Aspekte
Stabilwax GC Capillary Column, 2 m, 0.18 mm ID, 0.18 um
Anti-capillary Drainage - | Danosa
APW Wyott 56540 Themostat, 72" Capillary, 550F | Parts Town
Capillary rise and saliferous groundwater evaporation: effects of various solutes and concentrations | Hydrology Research | IWA...
Electrophoresis4
- Capillary zone electrophoresis was employed for the determination of myoglobin in human urine using end-column amperometric detection with a carbon fiber microelectrode at a constant potential of 1.80 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCF). (unboundmedicine.com)
- The CAPILLARYS 3 OCTA is the most recent Sebia automated capillary electrophoresis system. (sebia.com)
- Sharing the same technical platform and reagent line, laboratories can mix the different CAPILLARYS 3 platforms to meet their individual needs in production capacity, in addition to the large automated capillary electrophoresis menu. (sebia.com)
- To date, the development of a chiral L-His-ZIF-67 coated capillary column for capillary electrophoresis had not been reported in the field. (chromatographyonline.com)
Tiny blood vessels2
- In the renal system, peritubular capillaries are tiny blood vessels, supplied by the efferent arteriole, that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron. (wikipedia.org)
- Capillaries are tiny blood vessels near the surface of the skin. (medlineplus.gov)
Morphogenesis1
- Capillary malformations and other vascular malformations are the result of abnormal morphogenesis. (medscape.com)
Lymphatic7
- Up to now these complex skin grafts didn't contain any blood or lymphatic capillaries, pigmentation, sebaceous glands, hair follicles or nerves. (medizin-aspekte.de)
- We were able to isolate all the necessary skin cells from a human skin sample and to engineer a skin graft similar to full-thickness skin that contains for the first time blood and lymphatic capillaries too", says Martin Meuli, Head of the Surgical Clinic at the University Children's Hospital Zurich. (medizin-aspekte.de)
- The researchers isolated lymphatic capillary cells from the human dermis. (medizin-aspekte.de)
- The individual lymphatic cells spontaneously arranged themselves into lymphatic capillaries with all the characteristics of lymphatic vessels. (medizin-aspekte.de)
- In preclinical trials both the human lymphatic capillaries and the blood capillaries engineered in the laboratory connected with those of the laboratory animals. (medizin-aspekte.de)
- They will not, however, contain any blood or lymphatic capillaries as approval has still to be obtained. (medizin-aspekte.de)
- Bioengineering Dermo-Epidermal Skin Grafts with Blood and Lymphatic Capillaries. (medizin-aspekte.de)
Pore3
- Producible porosity, defined as the pore volume available to hydrocarbon emplacement, has been computed from log measurements by modelling capillary pressure irreducible water saturation as a function of permeability and maximum hydrocarbon column height. (onepetro.org)
- The total dissolved solids (TDS) of the groundwater that was dissolved with KCl or NaCl affected the capillary water gravity more than soil pore structure. (iwaponline.com)
- The TDS of the groundwater that was dissolved with CaCl 2 or MgCl 2 affected both the capillary water gravity and the soil pore structure. (iwaponline.com)
Vascular5
- Capillary hemangiomas are believed to be hamartomatous proliferations of vascular endothelial cells. (medscape.com)
- Capillary malformation, usually referred to as a port-wine stain or nevus flammeus, is the most common type of vascular malformation. (medscape.com)
- Immunohistochemical studies of capillary malformations reveal a significantly decreased density of perivascular nervous tissue in lesional skin, suggesting that inadequate innervation may be in part responsible for decreased vascular tone and progressive vascular dilatation. (medscape.com)
- The potent endothelial cell mitogen vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and its most active receptor VEGF-R2 expression are significantly increased in capillary malformation skin tissue compared with control skin. (medscape.com)
- Port-wine stains are capillary vascular malformations that are present at birth and that manifest. (msdmanuals.com)
20232
- Market Research Future has Discovered that the Global Capillary Blood Collection Devices Market is on track to witness growth at a striking CAGR of 7.54% during the review period from 2019 to 2023. (medgadget.com)
- MRFR thoroughly examines the global capillary blood collection devices market in its report and has estimated evaluation of USD 778.38 million by 2023. (medgadget.com)
Geometries2
- In this thesis, we analyze two different colloidal catapult systems with different geometries and develop a capillary-inertial scaling law that closely matches the jumping behavior of the systems. (duke.edu)
- The capillaries/confined geometries are known to influence the phase diagram of polymer solutions where condensation of bulk solutions may occur close to the surfaces. (lu.se)
Arterioles1
- The ICD-9 code range DISEASES OF ARTERIES, ARTERIOLES, AND CAPILLARIES for 440-449 is medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). (aapc.com)
OCTA4
- With 8 capillaries, the CAPILLARYS 3 OCTA reduces hands-on-time and offers a large loading capacity with 120 samples (15 racks). (sebia.com)
- Morphological changes in capillaries are one of major clinical signs in diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this study, we quantified the dilated deep capillaries on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images. (bvsalud.org)
- Central 3 × 3 mm en face images were obtained using a swept source OCTA device in 105 eyes of 99 patients with DR. Capillaries with a greater diameter in the deep layers were defined as the dilated deep capillaries , using stepwise image processing. (bvsalud.org)
- Most eyes with DR had string-like or dot-like dilated deep capillaries in the OCTA images, which appeared to be dilated capillary segments or microaneurysms histologically. (bvsalud.org)
Dermis1
- Capillary malformations are characterized by ectatic papillary dermal capillaries and postcapillary venules in the upper reticular dermis, with some evidence of increased vessel density and no apparent proliferation of vessels. (medscape.com)
Port-wine1
- [ 1 ] While this notion has merit, the accepted nomenclature is that capillary malformation be reserved for a patch of red-colored skin, historically referred to as a port-wine stain or a nevus flammeus. (medscape.com)
Disorders1
- In 2008, Happle argued that the term capillary malformation should be used as a more generalized designation for several congenital disorders of dilated capillaries (eg, angiokeratomas , nevus anemicus , cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita ). (medscape.com)
Blood17
- Movement of water into the peritubular capillaries is due to the loss of water from the glomerulus during filtration, which increases the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood. (wikipedia.org)
- This blood leaves the glomerulus via the efferent arteriole, which supplies the peritubular capillaries. (wikipedia.org)
- The higher osmolarity of the blood in the peritubular capillaries creates an osmotic pressure which causes the uptake of water. (wikipedia.org)
- Water is also driven into the peritubular capillaries due to the higher fluid pressure of the interstitium, driven by reabsorption of fluid and electrolytes via active transport, and the low fluid pressure of blood entering the peritubular capillaries due to the narrowness of the efferent arteriole. (wikipedia.org)
- A capillary sample is a blood sample collected by pricking the skin. (medlineplus.gov)
- For example, persons with diabetes must check their blood sugar several times a day using capillary blood sampling. (medlineplus.gov)
- Capillary blood sampling may result in inaccurate results, such as falsely elevated sugar, electrolyte, and blood count values. (medlineplus.gov)
- It's like the human circulatory system, which is made of larger blood vessels that only get thinner, transforming into capillaries, in certain areas of the body," Matioli says. (scientificamerican.com)
- Capillary blood collection is one of the most minimally invasive methods to draw blood for medical purposes. (medgadget.com)
- However, due to capillary blood collection being the most preferred method of blood collection by both patients and medical professionals, this challenge is unlikely to restrain market growth. (medgadget.com)
- The Global Capillary Blood Collection Devices Market has been segmented by material, type of devices, end-user, and region. (medgadget.com)
- In-vitro diagnostics such as capillary blood collection allows patients in the region to monitor diseases. (medgadget.com)
- The Asia-Pacific is predicted to be the fastest growing region in the global capillary blood collection devices market. (medgadget.com)
- There is also a strong demand for minimally invasive capillary blood collection devices which makes this region high promising. (medgadget.com)
- Together with the blood capillaries that were also engineered, this guarantees rapid, efficient vesicular supply of the skin graft. (medizin-aspekte.de)
- Of 15 082 individuals screened, 65.8% were positive by the American Diabetes Association risk-score questionnaire and 71.3% by determination of capillary blood glucose (CBG) using a portable glucometer. (who.int)
- [ 2 ] Confocal microscopic studies demonstrate an inverse correlation between nerve density and blood vessel diameter and evidence that capillary malformations with the lowest nerve density exhibit the highest blood vessel density and the poorest response to laser intervention. (medscape.com)
Diameter1
- The relative areas of automatically selected capillaries with a great diameter were calculated as the index of the dilated deep capillaries . (bvsalud.org)
Certifications1
- From creating and publishing content to tracking custom analytics to delivering course material and certifications, Capillary Training includes everything you'll need to make the most out of your Capillary app. (apple.com)
Fluid1
- To indirectly quantify the release of oxygen after intracoronary chemical reaction, by axial displacement of fluid in glass capillaries arranged in dental crowns. (bvsalud.org)
Diagnosis1
- Diagnosis of capillary malformations is made clinically. (msdmanuals.com)
Adult1
- Conversely, one report describes expansion of a biopsy-proven capillary malformation following partial surgical excision in an adult in whom the newly expanded capillary malformation expressed marked elevations of both tyrosine kinase receptor (Tie2) and its ligand angiopoietin-1 and no increase in VEGF. (medscape.com)
Determination1
- 1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of viscosity of asphalt binder (bitumen) by vacuum capillary viscometers at 60 ° C (140 ° F). It is applicable to materials having viscosities in the range from 0.0036 to over 20 000 Pa · s (0.036 to over 200 000 P). (astm.org)
Occurs1
- The majority of exchange through the peritubular capillaries occurs because of chemical gradients osmosis and hydrostatic pressure. (wikipedia.org)
Substances1
- Essentially, the peritubular capillaries reabsorb useful substances such as glucose and amino acids and secrete certain mineral ions and excess water into the tubule. (wikipedia.org)
Temperature2
- The next phase of this work is devoted to the study on capillary induce phase transitions with an experimental focus on polymer solutions containing PNIPAM at the presence of hydrophobic surfaces (mesoporous silica) as a function of pH, temperature and chain length. (lu.se)
- This work is performed using a combination of experiments and theories where a shift to the LCST (lower critical separation temperature) is presumed to occur, resulting in a capillary-induced decrease in the LCST. (lu.se)
Water1
- In situ SANS data for shale at elevated relative humidity conditions suggest that the decrease in the scattering contrast between rock solid matrix and pores can be attributed to water capillary condensation. (cdc.gov)
Patients1
- Of all the patients who eventually develop capillary hemangiomas, 30% of them have evidence of their presence at birth, whereas 100% have manifest them by age 6 months. (medscape.com)
Content1
- Capillary utilizes the proven benefits of mobile learning to train the modern workforce, so it's no surprise we built our own mobile app to train users on how to create, publish, and deliver effective training content using Capillary. (apple.com)
Present3
- Capillary hemangiomas are present in approximately 1-2% of neonates. (medscape.com)
- capillary malformations remain present for life and have no tendency toward involution. (medscape.com)
- Capillary malformations are present at birth and appear as flat, pink, red, or purplish lesions. (msdmanuals.com)
Action3
- Capillary Action use modern sounds and styles to further some kind of compositional dream. (diskant.net)
- An outfit like Capillary Action are always going to be too downright bizarre to be of mass interest - but that's what they have going for them. (diskant.net)
- The results demonstrated that the capillary action played a dominant role only within a very short period of time at the beginning of evaporation (i.e. within 2 min). (iwaponline.com)
Role1
- Evidence supports a neural role in both the development and progression of capillary malformations. (medscape.com)
High resolution1
- The utilization of the chiral MOF, L-His-ZIF-67, as a chiral stationary phase provides a novel avenue for achieving high-resolution enantioseparation in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. (chromatographyonline.com)
Study2
- Yingxiang Du, the lead author of the study, highlighted the significance of their research, stating that the work showcases the successful synthesis and application of a chiral metal-organic framework for enantioseparation in capillary electrochromatography. (chromatographyonline.com)
- One study demonstrated a mean vessel depth of 0.46 mm in capillary malformations, suggesting that most of the vessels are superficial. (medscape.com)
Active1
- Ions and minerals that need to be saved in the body are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries through active transport, secondary active transport, or transcytosis. (wikipedia.org)
Body1
- The ions that need to be excreted as waste are secreted from the capillaries into the nephron to be sent towards the bladder and out of the body. (wikipedia.org)
Head1
- As many as 50% of systemic capillary hemangiomas can occur in the head and neck region. (medscape.com)
Time1
- Producible porosity has been also measured directly by NMR when the T2 relaxation time distribution cut-off is calibrated to the maximum capillary pressure in the reservoir. (onepetro.org)
Relative1
- 59%. The capillary condensation continuously takes place in larger pores as the relative humidity increases to approx. (cdc.gov)