Cape Verde: The republic consists of islands that are located in the mid-Atlantic Ocean about 300 miles off the west coast of Africa. The archipelago includes 10 islands and 5 islets, divided into the windward (Barlavento) and leeward (Sotavento) groups. The capital is Praia.Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.Caffeic Acids: A class of phenolic acids related to chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, etc., which are found in plant tissues. It is involved in plant growth regulation.Baccharis: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Other plants called broom include CYTISUS; SPARTIUM; and BROMUS.Apitherapy: The medical use of honey bee products such as BEE VENOM; HONEY; bee pollen; PROPOLIS; and royal jelly.South Africa: A republic in southern Africa, the southernmost part of Africa. It has three capitals: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial). Officially the Republic of South Africa since 1960, it was called the Union of South Africa 1910-1960.Bees: Insect members of the superfamily Apoidea, found almost everywhere, particularly on flowers. About 3500 species occur in North America. They differ from most WASPS in that their young are fed honey and pollen rather than animal food.Propolis: A resinous substance obtained from beehives that is used traditionally as an antimicrobial. It is a heterogeneous mixture of many substances.Honey: A sweet viscous liquid food, produced in the honey sacs of various bees from nectar collected from flowers. The nectar is ripened into honey by inversion of its sucrose sugar into fructose and glucose. It is somewhat acidic and has mild antiseptic properties, being sometimes used in the treatment of burns and lacerations.Plant Extracts: Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.Toothpastes: Dentifrices that are formulated into a paste form. They typically contain abrasives, HUMECTANTS; DETERGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; and CARIOSTATIC AGENTS.LatviaAloe: A plant genus of the family Aloeaceae, order Liliales (or Asphodelaceae, Asparagales in APG system) which is used medicinally. It contains anthraquinone glycosides such as aloin-emodin or aloe-emodin (EMODIN).Anti-Infective Agents: Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.Dental Pulp Capping: Application of a protective agent to an exposed pulp (direct capping) or the remaining thin layer of dentin over a nearly exposed pulp (indirect capping) in order to allow the pulp to recover and maintain its normal vitality and function.BulgariaLactobacillus helveticus: A species of gram-positive bacteria isolated from MILK and cheese-starter cultures.Quinic Acid: An acid which is found in cinchona bark and elsewhere in plants. (From Stedman, 26th ed)Achillea: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that has long been used in folk medicine for treating wounds.Dental Pulp Necrosis: Death of pulp tissue with or without bacterial invasion. When the necrosis is due to ischemia with superimposed bacterial infection, it is referred to as pulp gangrene. When the necrosis is non-bacterial in origin, it is called pulp mummification.Calcium Hydroxide: A white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental formulations, especially for root canal filling.BenzophenonesCoumaric Acids: Hydroxycinnamic acid and its derivatives. Act as activators of the indoleacetic acid oxidizing system, thereby producing a decrease in the endogenous level of bound indoleacetic acid in plants.Pulpectomy: Dental procedure in which the entire pulp chamber is removed from the crown and roots of a tooth.Phytotherapy: Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.Root Canal Irrigants: Chemicals used mainly to disinfect root canals after pulpectomy and before obturation. The major ones are camphorated monochlorophenol, EDTA, formocresol, hydrogen peroxide, metacresylacetate, and sodium hypochlorite. Root canal irrigants include also rinsing solutions of distilled water, sodium chloride, etc.Diagnosis, Oral: Examination of the mouth and teeth toward the identification and diagnosis of intraoral disease or manifestation of non-oral conditions.Thymus Plant: A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE best known for the thyme spice added to foods.Flavonoids: A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES.Dental Fistula: An abnormal passage in the oral cavity on the gingiva.Hydroxybenzoates: Benzoate derivatives substituted by one or more hydroxy groups in any position on the benzene ring.CinnamatesHydrocarbons, IodinatedPulpotomy: Dental procedure in which part of the pulp chamber is removed from the crown of a tooth.Dentin, Secondary: Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation.Flavanones: A group of FLAVONOIDS characterized with a 4-ketone.Dental Pulp Exposure: The result of pathological changes in the hard tissue of a tooth caused by carious lesions, mechanical factors, or trauma, which render the pulp susceptible to bacterial invasion from the external environment.Toothbrushing: The act of cleaning teeth with a brush to remove plaque and prevent tooth decay. (From Webster, 3d ed)Periapical Tissue: Tissue surrounding the apex of a tooth, including the apical portion of the periodontal membrane and alveolar bone.Phenols: Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.Morinda: A plant genus of the family RUBIACEAE. Members contain iridoid glycosides and ANTHRAQUINONES.Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents: Materials used in DENTAL PULP CAPPING or PULPECTOMY.Dental Pulp Cavity: The space in a tooth bounded by the dentin and containing the dental pulp. The portion of the cavity within the crown of the tooth is the pulp chamber; the portion within the root is the pulp canal or root canal.BrazilRadiation-Protective Agents: Drugs used to protect against ionizing radiation. They are usually of interest for use in radiation therapy but have been considered for other, e.g. military, purposes.Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal: The ability of fungi to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance phenotype may be attributed to multiple gene mutations.Africa, Western: The geographical area of Africa comprising BENIN; BURKINA FASO; COTE D'IVOIRE; GAMBIA; GHANA; GUINEA; GUINEA-BISSAU; LIBERIA; MALI; MAURITANIA; NIGER; NIGERIA; SENEGAL; SIERRA LEONE; and TOGO.PicratesLaxatives: Agents that produce a soft formed stool, and relax and loosen the bowels, typically used over a protracted period, to relieve CONSTIPATION.Ethanol: A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine: A substituted carcinogenic nitrosamine.Dentin Permeability: The property of dentin that permits passage of light, heat, cold, and chemical substances. It does not include penetration by microorganisms.Polyphenols: A large class of organic compounds having more than one PHENOL group.Dentin Desensitizing Agents: Substances which reduce or eliminate dentinal sensitivity or the pain associated with a source of stimulus (such as touch, heat, or cold) at the orifice of exposed dentinal tubules causing the movement of tubular fluid that in turn stimulates tooth nerve receptors.Sarcoma 180Dental Pulp: A richly vascularized and innervated connective tissue of mesodermal origin, contained in the central cavity of a tooth and delimited by the dentin, and having formative, nutritive, sensory, and protective functions. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)Streptococcus mutans: A polysaccharide-producing species of STREPTOCOCCUS isolated from human dental plaque.Silver Sulfadiazine: Antibacterial used topically in burn therapy.MassachusettsRhodotorula: A red yeast-like mitosporic fungal genus generally regarded as nonpathogenic. It is cultured from numerous sources in human patients.Microbial Sensitivity Tests: Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).Trichosporon: A mitosporic fungal genus causing opportunistic infections, endocarditis, fungemia, a hypersensitivity pneumonitis (see TRICHOSPORONOSIS) and white PIEDRA.Antiprotozoal Agents: Substances that are destructive to protozoans.Onions: Herbaceous biennial plants and their edible bulbs, belonging to the Liliaceae.Atlantic Islands: Widely scattered islands in the Atlantic Ocean as far north as the AZORES and as far south as the South Sandwich Islands, with the greatest concentration found in the CARIBBEAN REGION. They include Annobon Island, Ascension, Canary Islands, Falkland Islands, Fernando Po (also called Isla de Bioko and Bioko), Gough Island, Madeira, Sao Tome and Principe, Saint Helena, and Tristan da Cunha.Antioxidants: Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.Croatia: Created 7 April 1992 as a result of the division of Yugoslavia.Root Canal Preparation: Preparatory activities in ROOT CANAL THERAPY by partial or complete extirpation of diseased pulp, cleaning and sterilization of the empty canal, enlarging and shaping the canal to receive the sealing material. The cavity may be prepared by mechanical, sonic, chemical, or other means. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1700)Complex Mixtures: Mixtures of many components in inexact proportions, usually natural, such as PLANT EXTRACTS; VENOMS; and MANURE. These are distinguished from DRUG COMBINATIONS which have only a few components in definite proportions.Falconiformes: An order of diurnal BIRDS of prey, including EAGLES; HAWKS; buzzards; vultures; and falcons.Fur Seals: A group comprised of several species of eared seals found in two genera, in the family Otariidae. In comparison to SEA LIONS, they have an especially dense wooly undercoat.AlloxanLithuaniaPhenylpropionatesChromatography, High Pressure Liquid: Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.Egypt: A country in northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula Its capital is Cairo.Inhibitory Concentration 50: The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryotic cells, by 50% in vitro. Though often expressed to denote in vitro antibacterial activity, it is also used as a benchmark for cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells in culture.Smear Layer: Adherent debris produced when cutting the enamel or dentin in cavity preparation. It is about 1 micron thick and its composition reflects the underlying dentin, although different quantities and qualities of smear layer can be produced by the various instrumentation techniques. Its function is presumed to be protective, as it lowers dentin permeability. However, it masks the underlying dentin and interferes with attempts to bond dental material to the dentin.Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.Hyraxes: Any of certain small mammals of the order Hyracoidea.PolandParasitic Sensitivity Tests: Tests that demonstrate the relative effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents against specific parasites.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Lettuce: Any of the various plants of the genus Lactuca, especially L. sativa, cultivated for its edible leaves. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)Pasteurella Infections: Infections with bacteria of the genus PASTEURELLA.BelizeComet Assay: A genotoxicological technique for measuring DNA damage in an individual cell using single-cell gel electrophoresis. Cell DNA fragments assume a "comet with tail" formation on electrophoresis and are detected with an image analysis system. Alkaline assay conditions facilitate sensitive detection of single-strand damage.Chalcones: Compounds based on CHALCONE. They are important intermediates in the formation of FLAVONOIDS.Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Sonication: The application of high intensity ultrasound to liquids.Emulsions: Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.Therapeutic Irrigation: The washing of a body cavity or surface by flowing water or solution for therapy or diagnosis.Leishmania mexicana: A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals including rodents. The Leishmania mexicana complex causes both cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS) and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS) and includes the subspecies amazonensis, garnhami, mexicana, pifanoi, and venezuelensis. L. m. mexicana causes chiclero ulcer, a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS) in the New World. The sandfly, Lutzomyia, appears to be the vector.Progesterone-Binding Globulin: A glycoprotein migrating as alpha 1-globulin, molecular weight 70,000 to 120,000. The protein, which is present in increased amounts in the plasma during pregnancy, binds mainly progesterone, with other steroids including testosterone competing weakly.Anti-Bacterial Agents: Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.Gingivitis: Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.Dermatomycoses: Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.Antifungal Agents: Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.Drug Evaluation, Preclinical: Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.Free Radical Scavengers: Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.HIV Infections: Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Dissertations, Academic as Topic: Dissertations embodying results of original research and especially substantiating a specific view, e.g., substantial papers written by candidates for an academic degree under the individual direction of a professor or papers written by undergraduates desirous of achieving honors or distinction.PortugalDentin: The hard portion of the tooth surrounding the pulp, covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root, which is harder and denser than bone but softer than enamel, and is thus readily abraded when left unprotected. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)Gels: Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquefies; the resulting colloid is called a sol.Glucosyltransferases: Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucose from a nucleoside diphosphate glucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.Africa, Southern: The geographical area of Africa comprising ANGOLA; BOTSWANA; LESOTHO; MALAWI; MOZAMBIQUE; NAMIBIA; SOUTH AFRICA; SWAZILAND; ZAMBIA; and ZIMBABWE.Atlantic OceanDental Plaque: A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.Isotonic Solutions: Solutions having the same osmotic pressure as blood serum, or another solution with which they are compared. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Dorland, 28th ed)Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.Chemical Fractionation: Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion of one of the substances, for example by differential solubility in water-solvent mixtures. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.Candida albicans: A unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (moniliasis).Angiosperms: Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.Genetic Pleiotropy: A phenomenon in which multiple and diverse phenotypic outcomes are influenced by a single gene (or single gene product.)Biphenyl CompoundsDose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Carboxylic Acids: Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic.Civil Disorders: Deliberate and planned acts of unlawful behavior engaged in by aggrieved segments of the population in seeking social change.Microscopy, Electron, Transmission: Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.Cell Survival: The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.Bacteria, AnaerobicHospitals, State: Hospitals controlled by agencies and departments of the state government.Mauritania: A republic in western Africa, southwest of ALGERIA and west of MALI. Its capital is Nouakchott.Cell Proliferation: All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.Drug Compounding: The preparation, mixing, and assembling of a drug. (From Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th ed, p1814)Buffaloes: Ruminants of the family Bovidae consisting of Bubalus arnee and Syncerus caffer. This concept is differentiated from BISON, which refers to Bison bison and Bison bonasus.EstersWound Healing: Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.Biodiversity: The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.Pollen: The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.Cell Line, Tumor: A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.Seasons: Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor: Methods of investigating the effectiveness of anticancer cytotoxic drugs and biologic inhibitors. These include in vitro cell-kill models and cytostatic dye exclusion tests as well as in vivo measurement of tumor growth parameters in laboratory animals.Perissodactyla: An order of ungulates having an odd number of toes, including the horse, tapir, and rhinoceros. (Dorland, 27th ed)Plant Leaves: Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)Sexual Behavior: Sexual activities of humans.Amphetamine-Related Disorders: Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An umbrella term used to describe a pattern of disabilities and abnormalities that result from fetal exposure to ETHANOL during pregnancy. It encompasses a phenotypic range that can vary greatly between individuals, but reliably includes one or more of the following: characteristic facial dysmorphism, FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION, central nervous system abnormalities, cognitive and/or behavioral dysfunction, BIRTH DEFECTS. The level of maternal alcohol consumption does not necessarily correlate directly with disease severity.Tissue Culture Techniques: A technique for maintaining or growing TISSUE in vitro, usually by DIFFUSION, perifusion, or PERFUSION. The tissue is cultured directly after removal from the host without being dispersed for cell culture.Genealogy and HeraldryTetrazolium Salts: Quaternary salts derived from tetrazoles. They are used in tests to distinguish between reducing sugars and simple aldehydes, for detection of dehydrogenase in tissues, cells, and bacteria, for determination of corticosteroids, and in color photography. (From Mall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed, p455)Islands: Tracts of land completely surrounded by water.Trypanosomiasis, Bovine: Infection in cattle caused by various species of trypanosomes.Staphylococcus aureus: Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.Cytotoxins: Substances that are toxic to cells; they may be involved in immunity or may be contained in venoms. These are distinguished from CYTOSTATIC AGENTS in degree of effect. Some of them are used as CYTOTOXIC ANTIBIOTICS. The mechanism of action of many of these are as ALKYLATING AGENTS or MITOSIS MODULATORS.Umbilical Arteries: Specialized arterial vessels in the umbilical cord. They carry waste and deoxygenated blood from the FETUS to the mother via the PLACENTA. In humans, there are usually two umbilical arteries but sometimes one.Geography: The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)Physicochemical Phenomena: The physical phenomena describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.TurkeyChemistry, Physical: The study of CHEMICAL PHENOMENA and processes in terms of the underlying PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and processes.Thailand: Formerly known as Siam, this is a Southeast Asian nation at the center of the Indochina peninsula. Bangkok is the capital city.Tuberculosis: Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells: Endothelial cells that line venous vessels of the UMBILICAL CORD.Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal: Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.African Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa.Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.Drug Synergism: The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.Growth Inhibitors: Endogenous or exogenous substances which inhibit the normal growth of human and animal cells or micro-organisms, as distinguished from those affecting plant growth (= PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS).Microscopy, Electron, Scanning: Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.Rape: Unlawful sexual intercourse without consent of the victim.Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.Materials Testing: The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.Ambulatory Care Facilities: Those facilities which administer health services to individuals who do not require hospitalization or institutionalization.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Dyspnea, Paroxysmal: A disorder characterized by sudden attacks of respiratory distress in at rest patients with HEART FAILURE and PULMONARY EDEMA. It usually occurs at night after several hours of sleep in a reclining position. Patients awaken with a feeling of suffocation, coughing, a cold sweat, and TACHYCARDIA. When there is significant WHEEZING, it is called cardiac asthma.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Mediterranean Region: The MEDITERRANEAN SEA, the MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS, and the countries bordering on the sea collectively.Trees: Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.Unsafe Sex: Sexual behaviors which are high-risk for contracting SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES or for producing PREGNANCY.Chromatography, Gas: Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.Administration, Oral: The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.Antineoplastic Agents: Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.Rodentia: A mammalian order which consists of 29 families and many genera.Ribes: A plant genus of the family GROSSULARIACEAE. GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID is obtained from the black currant oil of the seeds.Nova Scotia: A province of eastern Canada, one of the Maritime Provinces with NEW BRUNSWICK; PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND; and sometimes NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR. Its capital is Halifax. The territory was granted in 1621 by James I to the Scotsman Sir William Alexander and was called Nova Scotia, the Latin for New Scotland. The territory had earlier belonged to the French, under the name of Acadia. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p871 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p384)Geographic Information Systems: Computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations.Psychoses, Substance-Induced: Psychotic organic mental disorders resulting from the toxic effect of drugs and chemicals or other harmful substance.Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)Space-Time Clustering: A statistically significant excess of cases of a disease, occurring within a limited space-time continuum.Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.Solvents: Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)ThiazolesOrchidaceae: A plant family of the order Orchidales, subclass Liliidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). All orchids have the same bilaterally symmetrical flower structure, with three sepals, but the flowers vary greatly in color and shape.Molecular Structure: The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.Colony Count, Microbial: Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.Demography: Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.Monophenol Monooxygenase: An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between L-tyrosine, L-dopa, and oxygen to yield L-dopa, dopaquinone, and water. It is a copper protein that acts also on catechols, catalyzing some of the same reactions as CATECHOL OXIDASE. EC 1.14.18.1.Construction Materials: Supplies used in building.Water: A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Antitubercular Agents: Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greatest efficacy and acceptable degrees of toxicity used successfully in the great majority of cases; and "second-line" drugs used in drug-resistant cases or those in which some other patient-related condition has compromised the effectiveness of primary therapy.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared: A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.Sexual Partners: Married or single individuals who share sexual relations.Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that produces TUBERCULOSIS in humans, other primates, CATTLE; DOGS; and some other animals which have contact with humans. Growth tends to be in serpentine, cordlike masses in which the bacilli show a parallel orientation.
List of Design Indaba speakers
Firewalls in bee nests-survival value of propolis walls of wild Cape honeybee ( Apis mellifera capensis) | SpringerLink
Neurobehavioral and Antioxidant Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Yellow Propolis
Y.S. Eco Bee Farms 50% Propolis Tincture - Cape May Honey Farm
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Polyphenols from Chilean Propolis and Pinocembrin Reduce MMP-9 Gene Expression and Activity in Activated Macrophages
Anticancer activity of the supercritical extract of Brazilian green propolis and its active component, artepillin C:...
In vivo and in vitro antıneoplastic actions of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE): therapeutic perspectives.* - Propolis...
Studies on the therapeutic effect of propolis along with standard antibacterial drug in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium...
Propolis changes the anticancer activity of temozolomide in U87MG human glioblastoma cell line | BMC Complementary and...
Comparison of Two Components of Propolis: Caffeic Acid (CA) and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) to Induce Apoptosis and...
Propolis and Depression
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Volume 16 - Number 2
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Molecular Characterization and Enhancement of Anticancer Activity of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester by γ Cyclodextrin
Caffeic acidPhenethylEsterExtractActivity of propolisBeesComponents of PropolisPhenolicHivesTherapeuticComponent of propolisEffects of PropolisCompoundsRoyal JellyAntifungalActivities of propolisEffectiveness of propolisPollenAnti-inflammatoryAntioxidantAntibioticExtractsFlavonoidsAntibacterialGreen propolisConstituentsInhibitsSuggests that propolis may speedCapsulesSubstanceBrazilianBeehiveCompoundImmuneZealandSuggest that propolisTinctureAcidsPresent in propolisEffect of propolisBenefits of propolisPotential of propolisTogether with propolisFlavonoidAntimicrobialPharmacologicalMake propolisSustainably harvestedPotentIngredientsAntiviralPolyphenol-richApis2017InhibitApoptosisHoneybeesResinsChemical compositionLebah
Caffeic acid61
- For example, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) studies have claimed this compound as a neuroprotector in a cerebral inflammatory model [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Whereas caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has been recognized as a major bioactive ingredient in New Zealand propolis, Brazilian green propolis, on the other hand, possesses artepillin C (ARC). (spandidos-publications.com)
- There are mainly two types of propolis known that differ in their constituents: New Zealand propolis that possesses caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and Brazilian green propolis that possesses artepillin C (ARC) as predominant bioactive ingredients. (spandidos-publications.com)
- In vivo and in vitro antıneoplastic actions of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE): therapeutic perspectives. (propolisscience.org)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, specifically inhibits NF-κB at μM concentrations and shows ability to stop 5-lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxygenation of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. (propolisscience.org)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a natural phenolic chemical compound. (wikipedia.org)
- 1) Background: Studies indicate that caffeic acid (CA), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) are compounds with potent chemopreventive effects. (propolisscience.org)
- An analysis of propolis from Henan, China found sinapinic acid, isoferulic acid, caffeic acid, and chrysin, with the first three compounds demonstrating antibacterial properties. (wikipedia.org)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is also a component of some varieties of propolis from New Zealand. (wikipedia.org)
- They were aware that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) had several effects not only on the central nervous system but also glutamate induced neurotoxicity, and concluded that, combined with the effects shown in their previous study, CAPE was likely to mediate depressive symptoms. (bee-pollen-buzz.com)
- Two main immunopotent chemicals have been identified as caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and artepillin C. Propolis, CAPE, and artepillin C have been shown to exert summative immunosuppressive function on T lymphocyte subsets but paradoxically activate macrophage function. (springer.com)
- We previously showed that CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester), a component of propolis, a honeybee product, inhibits growth of MDA-MB-231 (MDA-231) cells, mdr gene expression, NF- B, EGFR, and VEGF. (blogspot.com)
- Caffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE) has been identified as an active component of propolis, a substance that confers a variety of cellular activities in cells of different origins. (blogspot.com)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component in propolis, is known to have anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. (wiley.com)
- The apoptotic effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on human CD4 + T cells. (wiley.com)
- The apoptotic effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on stimulated human CD4 + T cells. (wiley.com)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) inhibits interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-5 production by polarized T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells. (wiley.com)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) inhibits proliferation of polarized T helper type 1 (Th) and Th2 cells. (wiley.com)
- The characterization by HPLC/MS, evidenced the presence of quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, rutine, pinocembrin, coumaric acid, caffeic acid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester, that have already been described in these propolis with conventional HPLC. (scielo.br)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis from honeybee hives, is known to have antimitogenic, anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. (pnas.org)
- Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) is a key component in New Zealand propolis, known for a variety of health promoting and therapeutic potentials. (jcancer.org)
- Of note, we found that whereas CAPE was unstable in the culture medium (as it gets degraded into caffeic acid by secreted esterases), its complex with gamma cyclodextrin (γCD) showed high efficacy in anti-tumor and anti-metastasis assays in vitro and in vivo (when administered through either intraperitoneal or oral route). (jcancer.org)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a phenolic compound derived from honeybee propolis, has been reported to possess anticancer activities in several types of malignant cells. (ingentaconnect.com)
- In this study, we examined the inhibitory potency of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and its derivatives. (rcsb.org)
- Scope Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a bioactive component of propolis, is considered as a new anti‐cancer agent. (bionity.com)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), which is derived from the propolis of honeybee hives, has been shown to reveal anti-inflammatory properties. (aspetjournals.org)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active phenolic compound present in propolis, which is the generic name of a resinous product derived from the bark of conifer trees and carried by honeybees to their hives. (aspetjournals.org)
- Of three bee products examined in 2009 (propolis, pollen, and royal jelly), propolis exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than even pollen, (Nakajima, 2009) and one component, Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), may be responsible for the majority of the antioxidant activity of propolis. (beeculture.com)
- They discovered that a natural compound Withanone (Wi-N) derived from Ashwagandha and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE), an active ingredient of New Zealand Propolis, has the potential to interact with and block the activity of Mpro. (eetindia.co.in)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, or CAPE, is a compound isolated from honeybee hive propolis, the resin used by bees to patch up holes in hives. (healthcanal.com)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) was isolated from propolis (a product of honeybee hives) that has been used in folk medicine as a potent antiinflammatory agent. (aacrjournals.org)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a major propolis component that possesses a variety of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and anticancer effects. (ovid.com)
- For these tests, new antimicrobial bone-cement was prepared using a caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) compound from natural propolis, and an antibiotic bone-cement was prepared by the inclusion of gentamycin (GM). (rsc.org)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a phenolic active component of propolis of honeybee hives and reduces heart rate and blood pressure in rats. (cnki.net)
- To overcome these potentially harmful limitations, a team led by Jeong Ho Chang at the Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology , have developed PMMA bone cement loaded with caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). (rsc.org)
- Early study using a gel prepared with propolis and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) applied to the gums found that the gel provided comfort and was accepted by the volunteers. (arborfarms.com)
- We have utilized human MDA-MB-231 (MDA-231) BC cells, often serving as a model of TNBC, to determine whether CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester), a major medicinal component of propolis, can combat TNBC as a preventive, therapeutic, and/or adjuvant to chemotherapeutic drugs. (aacrjournals.org)
- CAPE (Caffeic acid phenethyl ester) is a constituent of the propolis of honeybee hives and has been shown to contain inhibitory effects on induced papilloma promotion in mice. (scbt.com)
- CAPE (Caffeic Acid Phenethylester) is an inhibitor of ODC and Tyrosine Kinase. (scbt.com)
- Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE), a component of propolis, showed a preventive effect against both depression- and anxiety-like symptoms when administered during the stress loading, and CAPE also displayed a therapeutic effect against both symptoms when administered after the stress loading. (jscholaronline.org)
- Many compounds in propolis are antioxidants, but in cell culture studies conducted in 1995 and 1996, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) came out as its strongest antioxidant overall. (motherearthliving.com)
- When they measured the levels of enzymes that stimulate abnormal cell growth, they found that rats fed food containing various caffeic acid derivatives such as CAPE had fewer of these enzymes than rats given only the abnormal-growth chemical. (motherearthliving.com)
- Apoptosis and altered redox state induced by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in transformed rat fibro-blast cells. (motherearthliving.com)
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on palatal mucosal defects and tooth extraction sockets in an experimental model. (dovepress.com)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a biologically active ingredient extracted from propolis that is used for the isolation and disinfection of hives. (dovepress.com)
- The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and radioprotective effects of propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), Nigella sativa oil (NSO), and thymoquinone (TQ) against ionizing radiation-induced cataracts in lens after total cranium irradiation of rats with single dose of 5-Gy cobalt-60 gamma rays. (springermedizin.at)
- A total of 74 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 8 groups to test the radioprotective effectiveness of Nigella sativa oil, thymoquine, propolis, or caffeic acid phenethyl ester administered by either orogastric tube or intraperitoneal injection. (springermedizin.at)
- Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE), a polyphenolic compound found in propolis, has been shown to protect a variety of cells types against ROS in vitro and has also been shown to induce a variety of genes including hemeoxygenase 1 (HMOX-1) , an enzyme that has been implicated in a cytoprotective pathway. (utexas.edu)
- We have synthesized a series of CAPE amide derivatives, including Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Amide (CAPA), with the aim of improving CAPE's stability properties while maintaining the cytoprotective effects of the parent compound. (utexas.edu)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis from honeybee hives (honeybee resin), has anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and anti-bacterial properties. (tcd.ie)
- Numerous anti-inflammatory properties have been attributed to caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis. (unesp.br)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active component of honeybee propolis extracts. (semanticscholar.org)
- Several studies have suggested that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) can induce the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein. (biomedcentral.com)
- Manuka Health Propolis BIO100 Provides a Minimum of 100mg/g of Natural, Bioactive Compounds Including Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) and Three Major Bioflavonoids per gram. (nz-online-pharmacy.com)
- It contains at least 38 valuable bioflavonoids, phenolic acids and esters including CAPE (Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester). (nz-online-pharmacy.com)
- Kandungan propolis berupa Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) dapat menekan reperfusi iskemia, mencegah aktifasi TLR4, menghambat produksi sitokin proinflamasi dan menghambat produksi ROS pada level transkripsi melalui supresi aktivasi NFkB sehingga akan menghambat apoptosis. (ub.ac.id)
- Sourced by bees from New Zealand's native plants in remote pristine areas, BIO30 New Zealand Propolis was found by researchers to contain particularly high levels of the active bioflavonoids and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) responsible for the unique activity of propolis, compared to bee propolis of other origins. (bio30.com)
- CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester) is a SERM and is a component of bee propolis. (heightquest.com)
- This natural compound and its active principle, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), were able to contrast the harmful effects of IL-1beta. (heightquest.com)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, a component of beehive propolis, is a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator. (heightquest.com)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active ingredient of beehive propolis with a structure similar to phenolic acid. (heightquest.com)
Phenethyl1
Ester1
Extract21
- We explored the neurobehavioral and antioxidant effects of an ethanolic extract of yellow propolis (EEYP) rich in triterpenoids, primarily lupeol and β -amyrin. (hindawi.com)
- In addition, the season, climate, bee species or genus, and extraction method also influence the composition of the final extract of propolis [ 1 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- We prepared a propolis extract and pinocembrin in ethanol solution. (hindawi.com)
- Propolis extract was chemically characterized using LC-MS. The effect of treatments on gene expression and proteolytic activity was measured in vitro using murine macrophages activated with LPS. (hindawi.com)
- Thirty-two compounds were identified in the propolis extract, including pinocembrin among its major components. (hindawi.com)
- Treatment with either ethanolic extract of propolis or pinocembrin inhibits MMP-9 gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. (hindawi.com)
- However, the effect showed by ethanolic extract of propolis was higher than the effect of pinocembrin, suggesting that MMP-9 inhibition results from a joint contribution between the components of the extract. (hindawi.com)
- Cell viability assays using ARC and green propolis-supercritical extract (GPSE) revealed higher cytotoxicity in the latter, supported by nuclear translocation and the activation of p53. (spandidos-publications.com)
- CAPE-based propolis extract (Bio-30) has been reported to block p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1 (PAK1) signalling and to suppress tumors in neurofibromatosis ( 9 , 24 , 25 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Ethanolic extract of propolis was taken for the present work. (biomedcentral.com)
- Ethanolic extract of propolis at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight of mice when used alone to treat Salmonella infection in mice gave significant results by 30th day of treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
- We have tested whether the ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) interferes with temozolomide (TMZ) to inhibit U87MG cell line growth. (biomedcentral.com)
- Another study which was published back in 2013 looked directly at the effects an extract of propolis has on the function of the hippocampus - the area of the brain in which many problems relating to depression are associated. (bee-pollen-buzz.com)
- Borrelli F, Maffia P, Pinto L, Ianaro A, Russo A, Capasso F et al (2002) Phytochemical compounds involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of propolis extract. (springer.com)
- In the animal study, the rats were injected with 100 mg/kg of Propolis extract. (bee-pollen-buzz.com)
- A Brazilian commercial ethanol propolis extract, formulated to ensure physical and chemical stability, was found to inhibit oral candidiasis, a fungal infection of the mouth. (arborfarms.com)
- The effectiveness of antibiotics such as tetracycline and penicillin has been increased ten to 100 times when combined with propolis extract. (motherearthliving.com)
- Propolis has a number of components and depending whether you extract in water, oil, or alcohol you get something different. (wordpress.com)
- the chemical composition of the ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) indicated the presence of aromatic acids, phenolic compounds, alcohols, terpenes and sugars. (unifesp.br)
- The hydroalcoholic extract of this propolis, rich in flavone-6,8-di- C -glycosides (vicenin-2 and schaftoside), pyrrolizidine alkaloids derived from retronecine, catechin and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives exhibited antiviral activity against the herpes simplex and rubella viruses. (scielo.br)
- We assay the effects of propolis extract on the production of key molecules released during chronic inflammatory events as nitric oxide (NO) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in cultures of human cartilaginous tissues and chondrocytes, stimulated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). (heightquest.com)
Activity of propolis5
- Molecular studies on the anticancer activity of propolis have revealed that its phenolic components cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis ( 11 ), mitochondrial stress ( 22 ) and the inhibition of tumor growth ( 11 , 22 , 23 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Today the evidence suggests that the activity of propolis against microorganisms appears to be more related to the synergistic effect of flavonoids (and other compounds) than to any individual compound that may be extracted from propolis. (beeculture.com)
- Antiviral activity of propolis and its chemical constituents. (wordpress.com)
- Two medical journal articles document the activity of propolis specifically against Staphylococcus aureus, the bacterium that causes dangerous and often deadly surgical infections, blood poisoning, and a type of pneumonia. (blogspot.com)
- Sawicka D, Car H, Borawska MH, and Niklinski J. The Anticancer Activity of Propolis. (ub.ac.id)
Bees29
- Propolis is a resin produced by bees from raw material collected from plants, salivary secretions, and beeswax. (hindawi.com)
- Propolis is a bee resinous product elaborated from different parts of plants such as buds, bark, and tree exudates by bees. (hindawi.com)
- Propolis is a complex mixture of resinous material, produced by bees, created by mixing their saliva with the botanical sources they live on. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Propolis or bee glue is a resinous mixture that honey bees produce by mixing saliva and beeswax with exudate gathered from tree buds, sap flows, or other botanical sources. (wikipedia.org)
- For centuries, beekeepers assumed that bees sealed the beehive with propolis to protect the colony from the elements, such as rain and cold winter drafts. (wikipedia.org)
- Honey bees are opportunists, gathering what they need from available sources, and detailed analyses show that the chemical composition of propolis varies considerably from region to region, along with the vegetation. (wikipedia.org)
- The composition of propolis can vary according to the geographic locations from where the bees obtained the ingredients. (springer.com)
- Among the natural products that have received attention recently, we draw attention on propolis, a resinous substance collected by bees ( Apis mellifera ) from buds, shoots and wounds of various plant species and mixed with mandible secretions for use in construction, maintenance and protection of their hives (Burdock, 1998). (scielo.br)
- This is probably why modern medicine does not take advantage of the benefits of propolis: it is a natural product available inexpensively to anyone with access to bees, and does not contain a single active ingredient that can be extracted, patented and sold for a lot of money. (beeculture.com)
- Since propolis is composed primarily of tree resins collected by honey bees, the properties and thus medicinal qualities of propolis will vary with the geographic location where honey bee colonies are located. (beeculture.com)
- Bee propolis is a natural compound crated by bees that has been found effective in treating neurofibromatosis. (earthclinic.com)
- CAPE is an active component of bee propolis, a resin-like mixture collected by honey bees from various trees and buds and used to fill small gaps in the beehive. (rsc.org)
- Bees create propolis, a natural resin, to build their hives. (arborfarms.com)
- But tests show that propolis retains the therapeutic compounds of tree resins, which bees use to make propolis, so calling it a medicinal plant product makes sense. (motherearthliving.com)
- Bees collect and manufacture propolis resins from tree buds, twigs, and barks, using it as putty to seal cracks in the hive and strengthen and repair honeycombs. (motherearthliving.com)
- Most propolis research focuses on resins from forests where bees collect mainly from the poplar (Populus) genus, and, to a lesser extent, beech, chestnut, birch, and conifer trees. (motherearthliving.com)
- Chemical analyses indicate that the bees' propolis is almost chemically identical to these tree resins and is similar to medicinal gums such as boswellia and myrrh (for more about boswellia, see "Inside plants" on page 20 of the January/February 1998 issue of Herbs for Health). (motherearthliving.com)
- A brief search on Pubmed (a science journal search tool) yields 2314 articles related to propolis, and 382 related to propolis and bees . (wordpress.com)
- Propolis is a natural substance made by bees to sterilise and protect the hive against infection. (manukanatural.com)
- The value of such propolis barriers could be gauged from the behaviour of the bees which started rebuilding these protective shields soon after a wild fire had passed through and destroyed them (Fig.2). (ujubee.com)
- Propolis is used by honeybees for a variety of purposes and certain races of the Western Honeybee ( Apis mellifera ) are known to use propolis more abundantly than others, particularly colonies of wild bees. (ujubee.com)
- The only recourse the bees have is to coat them with propolis and this has the effect of preventing them from exiting through the narrow hive entrance where they then die. (ujubee.com)
- Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees from the leaves and buds of plants and is highly rich in antioxidants. (beeandyou.com)
- Bees create propolis by collecting a resinous sap from trees and then mixing it with wax back at the hive. (blogspot.com)
- Propolis is a waxy material that bees use as cement for repairs and maintenance on the hive. (blogspot.co.nz)
- The propolis produced by stingless bees of the tribe Meliponini is a viscous product that contains the resin collected from buds, leaves and plant exudates, mixed with salivary secretions, wax and soil. (scielo.br)
- propolis is a substance produced by the Bees. (savingbees.org)
- The ingredients of propolis, wisely picked by the Bees, are plant complexes that are found on the bark, in the buds and inside the flowers. (savingbees.org)
- The variability of propolis is due to the plants that the bees gather resin from. (bio30.com)
Components of Propolis4
- In a small study conducted in 1996, mice were injected with a chemical that causes acute inflammation, then treated with various components of propolis, commonly used pharmaceuticals, or nothing. (motherearthliving.com)
- Cinnamic acid and CAPE, are the most important active components of propolis [17, (thefreedictionary.com)
- And a few of the components of propolis and royal jelly even have anti-cancer properties. (blogspot.com)
- No. The chemical components of propolis vary remarkably from country to country, and even between different locations within each country. (bio30.com)
Phenolic4
- Marcucci MC, Ferreres F, Garcia-Viguera C, Bankova VS, De Castro SL, Dantas AP et al (2001) Phenolic compounds from Brazilian propolis with pharmacological activities. (springer.com)
- Since T-cells play a key role in the onset of several inflammatory diseases, we have evaluated the immunosuppressive activity of CAPE in human T-cells, discovering that this phenolic compound is a potent inhibitor of early and late events in T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell activation. (aspetjournals.org)
- Inhibition of neutrophils' chemiluminescence by ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) and its phenolic components. (motherearthliving.com)
- Chemically, propolis is exceedingly complex and contains a rich variety of potent terpenes and benzoic, caffeic, cinnamic,and phenolic acids. (blogspot.com)
Hives3
- It is also a component of propolis from honeybee hives. (wikipedia.org)
- A cell-permeable active component of propolis from honeybee hives. (merckmillipore.com)
- Unless you have been living in your bee hives for the last few years you cannot have missed the amount of attention propolis has been getting as a health supplement. (wordpress.com)
Therapeutic11
- Apart from the structural and functional attributes of propolis for beehives ( 1 ), propolis has been reported to possess a variety of disease-preventive and therapeutic potentials for the human population ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Another study also showed that CAPE suppresses acute immune and inflammatory responses and holds promise for therapeutic uses to reduce inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
- However, standardized quality controls and good design clinical trials are essential before either propolis or its active ingredients can be adopted routinely in our future therapeutic armamentarium. (springer.com)
- Research conducted to date, describes a promising effectiveness of propolis in the prevention of caries and other diseases of the oral cavity, making it necessary to develop studies to identify and understand the therapeutic targets or mechanisms of molecular action of the various compounds present on them. (scielo.br)
- Also included is just a small sampling of references to scientific research that backs up many of the medicinal and therapeutic claims made with regard to propolis. (beeculture.com)
- Propolis is one of the few natural products that has maintained popularity for a long time, although it is not considered a therapeutic agent by the conventional allopathic medical establishment. (beeculture.com)
- The drug development may take a while and in the current scenario, these natural resources (Ashwagandha and Propolis) may offer some preventive or even therapeutic value, say researchers. (eetindia.co.in)
- Initial studies were carried out in rabbits and Chang believes that CAPE-loaded PMMA bone cement could be used for human clinical applications after therapeutic efficacy evaluation. (rsc.org)
- Consistently, propolis has shown a therapeutic effect over the placebo and has outperformed acyclovir in healing time. (wordpress.com)
- Taken together, these results indicate that propolis from M. orbignyi has therapeutic potential for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases related to microorganism activity, oxidative stress and tumor cell proliferation. (unifesp.br)
- Initially, this variability was a serious obstacle to the standardisation of propolis and its reliable therapeutic use. (bio30.com)
Component of propolis1
- CAPE, though a major component of Propolis, its amount and stability are critical factors that could be managed by generating its complex with cyclodextrins. (eetindia.co.in)
Effects of Propolis1
- The compound pinobanksin-3-acetate (found in propolis) was found to be responsible for the bulk of the anti-AGE effects of propolis. (bee-pollen-buzz.com)
Compounds10
- CAPE and ARC have been reported to differ in their bioavailability profile that in turn is determined by the stability of the compounds to the digestive enzymes and absorption through the intestinal lining. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Propolis is a honey bee product which contains many active compounds, such as CAPE or chrysin, and has many beneficial activities. (biomedcentral.com)
- Pereira AS, Norsell M, Cardoso JN, Aquino Neto FR, Ramos MF (2000) Rapid screening of polar compounds in Brazilian propolis by high-temperature high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (springer.com)
- It is known that the compounds Quercetin and Kaempferol both promote intestinal barrier integrity and they are both commonly found in Propolis. (bee-pollen-buzz.com)
- Unlike some anti-microbial compounds, propolis exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungi. (beeculture.com)
- However, natural compounds from Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera ) and Propolis could be potential drug candidates against COVID-19. (eetindia.co.in)
- DAILAB has been working on natural compounds from Ashwagandha and Propolis for the past several years. (eetindia.co.in)
- Natural supplements are effective treatment options and include such compounds as bee propolis, aloe vera and other supplements. (earthclinic.com)
- Propolis compounds are making a strong showing as antioxidants and cancer preventives. (motherearthliving.com)
- Advancements in formulation techniques have allowed them to concentrate the special properties of BIO New Zealand Propolis to provide a minimum of 100mg/g of bioactive compounds. (nz-online-pharmacy.com)
Royal Jelly4
- Bee Products Pollen, Propolis, and Royal Jelly 69. (fishpond.com.au)
- Formulated specifically for kids, BEE&YOU propolis, royal jelly and raw honey mixes support the immune system and mental development of kids. (beeandyou.com)
- Highest grade royal jelly and bee propolis, sustainably harvested and mixed with raw honey to create a true bee superfood for your kids. (beeandyou.com)
- When it comes to bee pollen , propolis , and royal jelly , people either seem to swear by them or swear at them. (blogspot.com)
Antifungal2
- When it comes to wound healing, propolis from USA, Australia, and Turkey have all been found to have strong antifungal activity and aid wound healing. (beeculture.com)
- Propolis sebagai antibiotic alami, antiviral dan sekaligus antifungal alami tanpa efek samping. (meliapropolis.net)
Activities of propolis2
- The anti-tumor activities of propolis were exerted by proliferation arrest and/or induction of apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of propolis from the stingless bee Melipona orbignyi, found in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. (unifesp.br)
Effectiveness of propolis2
- Currently, there is "insufficient evidence" to rate the effectiveness of propolis in treating other conditions. (wikipedia.org)
- The effectiveness of propolis against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and parasitic infections has been demonstrated in early studies. (arborfarms.com)
Pollen2
- Not surprisingly, physicians usually bristle at the thought of people popping bee pollen and propolis capsules. (blogspot.com)
- The Bee therapy is a form of alternative medicine that founds itself on the use of the products of the beehive, among which: honey, pollen, propolis and some other product. (savingbees.org)
Anti-inflammatory9
- A broad spectrum of biological activities identified in propolis include antitumor ( 5 - 12 ), anti-inflammatory ( 13 - 15 ), anti-bacterial ( 16 - 18 ), anti-viral ( 16 , 19 , 20 ) and anti-fungal ( 16 ) activities. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Propolis is a non-toxic natural substance with multiple pharmacological properties including anticancer, antioxidant, fungicidal, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory among others. (scielo.br)
- CAPE is thought to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer effects and has already been approved for use in foods, drinks and cosmetics by the Food and Drug Administration. (rsc.org)
- Laboratory studies suggest that propolis has anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects. (arborfarms.com)
- CAPE has been reported to have anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. (scbt.com)
- The anti-inflammatory characteristics have been thought to be due to suppression of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism by CAPE. (scbt.com)
- Propolis is a natural antibiotic, with powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal properties providing powerful support to the immune system. (manukanatural.com)
- 3 , 4 CAPE is known to have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. (dovepress.com)
- So CAPE is an anti-inflammatory agent. (heightquest.com)
Antioxidant3
- After that, CAPE demonstrated its effectiveness on models of neuroinflammation, such as the cerebral ischemia model [ 7 ], and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity [ 8 ], through antioxidant or p38 phosphorylation and caspase-3 activation, respectively. (hindawi.com)
- In addition, the flavonoid pinocembrin, an important propolis constituent, has reduced brain lesion in an ischemia-reperfusion model, probably by its antioxidant and antiapoptotic activity [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Our CAPE content, the main antioxidant that gives propolis it's incredible benefits, is significantly higher than it's alternatives. (beeandyou.com)
Antibiotic5
- The present study focused on the antibacterial potential of propolis in combination with the standard antibiotic Cefixime against the typhoid causing bacteria i.e. (biomedcentral.com)
- Propolis acted synergistically with cefixime and enhanced the efficacy of antibiotic and reduced its effective dose in combined therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
- Moreover, the CAPE-loaded antimicrobial bone-cements showed a controlled release pattern better than that of the GM-loaded antibiotic bone-cement due to their homogeneous loading. (rsc.org)
- The researchers were not only able to demonstrate that CAPE-loaded PMMA is an effective antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus, but it also has much better compressive strength than antibiotic-loaded PMMA. (rsc.org)
- Most medical articles, however, still point to the value of propolis as a powerful, natural antibiotic. (blogspot.com)
Extracts5
- In 2014 the same research team which performed the 2013 study, were so intrigued by the beneficial effects of the propolis extracts, that they decided to investigate which component, out of the 200 or so that propolis contains, was likely to be responsible for the improvements. (bee-pollen-buzz.com)
- Both aqueous and ethanol extracts of propolis have been tested against the herpes virus and results indicate that it may help when used as a topical application against cold sores. (beeculture.com)
- In a Chinese study, researchers found that extracts of propolis - specifically, sinapic, isoferulic, and caffeic acids - inhibited the growth of S. aureus (Qiao Z, China Journal of Chinese Materi Medica, Aug. 1991;16:481-2). (blogspot.com)
- A European study reported that ethanol extracts from propolis had a "marked synergistic effect" on the anti-staph activity of two antibiotics, streptomycin and cloxacillin, and a moderate effect on several others (Krol W, Arzneimittel-Forschung, May 1993;43:607-9). (blogspot.com)
- The aim of this study was to increase knowledge about the chemical composition of the S. postica propolis by analyzing non-polar extracts obtained using hexane and chloroform as the solvents, by GC-EI-MS. A total of 15 constituents were identified comparing their respective mass spectral data with those available in the NIST data bases and those reported in the literature. (scielo.br)
Flavonoids4
- Bee Propolis Trio offers an amazing combination of the most pure organic aromatic acids and flavonoids from Brazilian propolis. (energeticnutrition.com)
- Bee Propolis Ultimate is the ultimate Brazilian propolis formula that features therapeutical dosages of flavonoids and organic aromatic acids (OAA) from premium Brazilian Red, Green and Brown propolis. (energeticnutrition.com)
- This effect of CAPE was the most prominent among those of eight flavonoids and nine cinnamic acid derivatives and was also observed in parental LoVo cells. (ovid.com)
- It's also high in flavonoids, which by themselves may account for many of the benefits attributed to propolis-and some researchers refer to propolis as a type of flavonoid. (blogspot.com)
Antibacterial2
- While all propolis has been found to exhibit antibacterial properties, propolis from wet-tropical rain forest-type climates have shown the highest antibacterial activity. (beeculture.com)
- Propolis is also used in antibacterial mouthwashes, and evidence shows that it combats staph and strep infections. (motherearthliving.com)
Green propolis1
- Cheung KW, Sze DM, Chan WK, Deng RX, Tu W, Chan GC (2011) Brazilian green propolis and its constituent, artepillin C inhibits allogeneic activated human CD4 T cells expansion and activation. (springer.com)
Constituents1
- Pharmacological effects have been described for propolis related to their different constituents. (hindawi.com)
Inhibits9
- Together, these results indicate that CAPE inhibits cytokine production and proliferation of T cells, which might be related to the NF-κB and Akt signalling pathways, and that CCR4 + CD4 + T cells are more sensitive to CAPE inhibition. (wiley.com)
- Our main goal was to establish whether CAPE inhibits the tumor promoter (12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-induced processes associated with carcinogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
- At higher doses (1-10 µmol), CAPE inhibits edema and ornithine decarboxylase induction in CD-1 and SENCAR mice. (aacrjournals.org)
- We found that CAPE inhibits MDA-231 cell growth in vitro and in vivo . (aacrjournals.org)
- CAPE dose-dependently inhibits MDA-231 cell growth and has a strong effect on gene and protein expression without affecting non-tumorigenic cells. (aacrjournals.org)
- These are some of the main factors known to contribute or counteract carcinogenic process and, it seems, CAPE inhibits the pro- and enhances the anti-carcinogenic factors. (aacrjournals.org)
- CAPE also inhibits HIV-1 integrase. (scbt.com)
- Researchers believe propolis inhibits microbes that constantly threaten the humid, close quarters of a beehive. (motherearthliving.com)
- CAPE also inhibits two enzymes that are involved in the creation of eico-s-anoids, a family of hormones and "signaling" biochemicals. (motherearthliving.com)
Suggests that propolis may speed2
- This suggests that propolis may speed the recovery from colds or flu by stimulating the immune system. (beeculture.com)
- Some evidence suggests that propolis may speed up healing and improve sight. (arborfarms.com)
Capsules4
- Propolis is used in cosmetic products, such as body lotions, ointments, face creams and in functional food in various forms, such as tablets, capsules, toothpaste and mouthwash preparations ( 21 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- I have just (this week) started on Aloe Vera gel (25ml drink) turmeric curcumin capsules and Bee Propolis capsules. (earthclinic.com)
- We also stock propolis capsules for those who prefer a capsule to taking drops of tincture. (manukanatural.com)
- Click the button below to add the Manuka Health Propolis Ultra Strength BIO100 Capsules 60 - due end May to your wish list. (nz-online-pharmacy.com)
Substance5
- Propolis is a polyphenol-rich resinous substance collected by honeybees from a variety of plant sources as trees and shrubs. (hindawi.com)
- Propolis, a resinous substance collected by honeybees by mixing their saliva with plant sources, including tree bark and leaves and then mixed with secreted beeswax, possesses a variety of bioactivities. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Propolis, a waxy substance produced by the honeybee, has been adopted as a form of folk medicine since ancient times. (springer.com)
- Various reasons have been suggested for the 'excessive' use of propolis by certain races of honeybees and the Greeks very early named the substance for what they regarded as its major function - pro = before or in defence of, polis = the city. (ujubee.com)
- Propolis is the generic name for the resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plant sources whose composition varies depending on its origin. (ujubee.com)
Brazilian4
- Also, Brazilian red propolis, largely derived from Dalbergia ecastaphyllum plant resin, has high relative percentages of the isoflavonoids 3-hydroxy-8,9-dimethoxypterocarpan and medicarpin. (wikipedia.org)
- Salatino A, Teixeira EW, Negri G, Message D (2005) Origin and chemical variation of Brazilian propolis. (springer.com)
- Bankova V, Boudourova-Krasteva G, Sforcin JM, Frete X, Kujumgiev A, Maimoni-Rodella R et al (1999) Phytochemical evidence for the plant origin of Brazilian propolis from Sao Paulo state. (springer.com)
- Schnitzler, 2009) Meanwhile studies have indicated that Brazilian propolis possess anti-influenza virus activity and ameliorated influenza symptoms in mice making it a possible candidate for an anti-influenza dietary supplement for humans (Shimizu, 2008). (beeculture.com)
Beehive1
- The biologists are certain that the propolis is formulated and used by some special Bee , the collectors and deposited on the external borders of the honeycomb and all over the beehive as it have a defensive effect against the microbiological aggressions. (savingbees.org)
Compound3
- Is CAPE the Magical Compound in Propolis? (bee-pollen-buzz.com)
- To study the purported anti-cancer properties of CAPE, first author Chih-Pin Chuu (now at the National Health Research Institutes in Taiwan) tested the compound on a series of cancer cell lines. (healthcanal.com)
- Six weeks of treatment with the compound decreased tumor volume growth rate by half, but when CAPE treatment was stopped, tumor growth resumed its prior rate. (healthcanal.com)
Immune2
- This study provides a new insight into the mechanisms of CAPE for immune regulation and a rationale for the use of propolis for the treatment of allergic disorders. (wiley.com)
- Propolis is useful as an immune stimulant. (faithful-to-nature.co.za)
Zealand5
- It was also demonstrated that Bio 30, which is a CAPE-rich commercially available New Zealand propolis, inhibited TTR amyloidogenesis and stabilized the TTR tetramer. (rcsb.org)
- New Zealand propolis has particularly high levels of these important bioactive components. (manukanatural.com)
- These plant exudates are present on all continents and honeybees introduced to continents where they were never present (such as Australia, New Zealand and the Americas) find no difficulty in obtaining propolis. (ujubee.com)
- This website provides information on BIO30 New Zealand Propolis including its properties, traditional use and scientific findings. (bio30.com)
- However, studies based on propolis from particular locations (such as Professor Hiroshi Maruta's research on BIO30 Propolis from New Zealand) have led to findings based on the characteristics of particular propolis. (bio30.com)
Suggest that propolis3
- Early results from poorly designed human studies suggest that propolis used on the skin may improve lesions from genital herpes virus infections. (arborfarms.com)
- Animal and laboratory studies suggest that propolis may help treat various types of infections. (arborfarms.com)
- The findings obtained in the study might suggest that propolis, CAPE, NSO, and TQ could prevent cataractogenesis in ionizing radiation-induced cataracts in the lenses of rats, wherein propolis and NSO were found to be more potent. (springermedizin.at)
Tincture3
- Buy our Raw Bee Propolis Chunks and Tincture here. (a1honey.co.za)
- To limit the AGEs in your body and the risk of aging prematurely, I recommend using propolis several times throughout the day (in tincture or capsule form) along with Vitamin C and an aspirin. (bee-pollen-buzz.com)
- One propolis capsule contains the equivalent of 4 drops of tincture. (manukanatural.com)
Acids2
- In some areas of Chile, propolis contains viscidone, a terpene from Baccharis shrubs, and in Brazil, naphthoquinone epoxide has recently been isolated from red propolis, and prenylated acids such as 4-hydroxy-3,5-diprenyl cinnamic acid have been documented. (wikipedia.org)
- One of the most significant medical journal articles described how the caffeic acids in propolis and honey might prevent colon cancer, which kills some 60,000 Americans each year. (blogspot.com)
Present in propolis1
- In fact, since 2003, bioactive components present in propolis have been investigated. (hindawi.com)
Effect of propolis1
- The effect of propolis and its components on eicosanoid production during the inflammatory response. (motherearthliving.com)
Benefits of propolis1
- Below is a very comprehensive list of the many benefits of propolis. (bee-pollen-buzz.com)
Potential of propolis1
- As reported in the Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, scientists set out to measure the anti-oxidant and anti-AGE potential of propolis. (bee-pollen-buzz.com)
Together with propolis2
- A recent study showed that TMZ administered together with propolis[ 20 ] enhanced the sensitivity of human brain cancer cells, indicating that the combination of TMZ with natural products may be more effective in glioma therapy than using TMZ alone. (biomedcentral.com)
- The beetles lay their eggs in dung and those which do escape can often not fly as their elytra are fused together with propolis (Tribe 2009). (ujubee.com)
Flavonoid2
- One study, which was published in 2016, looks at the effects of Chrysin, a flavonoid which is found not only in propolis but also in honey, on mice which had been subjected to unpredicted chronic stress. (bee-pollen-buzz.com)
- Propolis adalah produk lebah dengan kandungan flavonoid tinggi yang mempunyai efek antioksidan, anti inflamasi, proteksi DNA, neuroprotektan, dan immunomodulator. (ub.ac.id)
Antimicrobial3
- The antimicrobial ability and controlled release property of both CAPE-loaded and GM-loaded bone-cements were demonstrated as a function of time, concentration and optimization to maximize their antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. (rsc.org)
- Through various in vitro and in vivo biological assessments, the CAPE-loaded antimicrobial bone-cements showed positive results in all assessments, without any inflammatory response. (rsc.org)
- This also explains why CAPE-PMMA exhibits more controlled and sustained antimicrobial release compared to bone cement loaded with gentamycin. (rsc.org)
Pharmacological1
- Honey bee propolis has attracted the interest of scientists and researchers on account of its remarkable pharmacological and biological properties. (biomedcentral.com)
Make propolis1
- Propolis is used by some chewing gum manufacturers to make propolis gum. (wikipedia.org)
Sustainably harvested1
- The highest grade raw propolis sustainably harvested from holistically managed honeybees on pristine mountain apiaries in the South Western Cape Peninsula. (faithful-to-nature.co.za)
Potent5
- Thus, overall our results demonstrate that CAPE is a potent and a specific inhibitor of NF-kappa B activation and this may provide the molecular basis for its multiple immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activities. (pnas.org)
- The data proposes that CAPE-γCD complex is a potent anti-cancer and anti-metastasis reagent. (jcancer.org)
- Cumulatively, these findings point to CAPE as being a potent chemopreventive agent, which may be useful in combatting diseases with strong inflammatory and/or oxidative stress components, i.e. , various types of cancer and possibly cataract development. (aacrjournals.org)
- Numerous case reports have demonstrated propolis to be a potent allergen and sensitizing agent. (arborfarms.com)
- Studies have also demonstrated CAPE to be a specific and potent inhibitor of activation of nuclear transcription factor NF kappa B, which is a protein complex that controls the transcription of DNA. (scbt.com)
Ingredients2
- Melliou 2004, Grange 1990) This may be why propolis is reported to have been identified as one of the ingredients in the wood finish of Stradivarius violins built in the 17th and 18th century. (beeculture.com)
- Do NOT take Manuka Health Propolis BIO100 if you have a known allergy to any of the ingredients listed. (nz-online-pharmacy.com)
Antiviral2
- Propolis is gaining a reputation in allergy, obesity, and autoimmunity but today I am going to briefly mention one aspect of its well known anti-viral properties (I have provided a table at the end of this blog with a list of published antiviral effects along with the links to the articles). (wordpress.com)
- Since then there have been a number of small multicenter studies comparing the use of propolis ointment at 3-5% to acyclovir (a well known antiviral) and placebo. (wordpress.com)
Polyphenol-rich1
- Researchers investigated the effects of polyphenol-rich propolis on intestinal barrier function in human intestinal cells, as well as in rats. (bee-pollen-buzz.com)
Apis2
- Ellis JD, Hepburn HR (2003) A note on mapping propolis deposits in Cape honey bee ( Apis mellifera capensis ) colonies. (springer.com)
- Hepburn HR, Crewe RM (1991b) Portrait of the Cape honeybee, Apis mellifera capensis . (springer.com)
20171
- Apa Itu Propolis dan Pengertian Propolis by Andi MSS on Monday, February 20th, 2017 . (meliapropolis.net)
Inhibit4
- Moreover, CAPE inhibited both the DNA-binding and transcriptional activity of NFAT, a result that correlated with its ability to inhibit phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin-induced NFAT1 dephosphorylation. (aspetjournals.org)
- Antioxidants inhibit the oxidation of molecules and it turns out that propolis contains some powerful antioxidants. (beeculture.com)
- We showed that dietary CAPE can significantly inhibit growth of MDA-231 cell xenografts in nude mice when started at a time of cell inoculation and when provided after xenografts are already developed. (aacrjournals.org)
- Does CAPE inhibit growth decreasing agents from binding to ERBeta? (heightquest.com)
Apoptosis11
- 1000 (48h) for CA. Polyphenols induced apoptosis, higher apoptotic effect observed for CAPE (dose dependent). (propolisscience.org)
- Here, we show that CAPE preferentially induced S- and G2/M- phase cell cycle arrests and initiated apoptosis in human cervical cancer lines. (blogspot.com)
- Furthermore, E2F-1 silencing abolished CAPE-mediated effects on cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and related gene expression. (blogspot.com)
- CAPE promotes TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the upregulation of. (ingentaconnect.com)
- Here, we show that treatment with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in combination with CAPE significantly sensitized SK-Hep1 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (ingentaconnect.com)
- Moreover, TRAIL receptors, such as DR4 and DR5 were significantly upregulated by CAPE treatment, and both DR4/Fc and DR5/Fc chimera markedly abrogated apoptosis induced by CAPE and TRAIL, demonstrating the critical role of these death receptors in combination-induced apoptosis. (ingentaconnect.com)
- The inhibition of p38, using SB203580, blocked the CAPE-induced expression of death receptors and attenuated the combinationinduced apoptosis, suggesting the pro-apoptotic role of p38. (ingentaconnect.com)
- Taken together, these results indicate that CAPE potentiated TRAIL-induced apoptosis in SK-Hep1 cells, through upregulation of TRAIL receptors via modulation of p38 and JNK signaling pathways. (ingentaconnect.com)
- It is also shown that CAPE can cause DNA fragmentation and apoptosis which can have toxic results towards cloned rat embryo fibroblast (CREF) cells. (scbt.com)
- Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian ekstrak propolis dalam berbagai dosis pada ekspresi TLR4 dan apoptosis di jaringan otak tikus Rattus norvegicus model trauma kapitis. (ub.ac.id)
- Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa propolis berpengaruh dalam penurunan ekspresi TLR4 dan apoptosis di sel otak tikus model trauma kapitis. (ub.ac.id)
Honeybees5
- An interesting pattern discerned in the natural nests of wild honeybees in pristine Coastal Fynbos and Succulent Karoo has been the lavish use of propolis to form an enclosing wall at the entrance to the nest. (ujubee.com)
- The propolis forms an immediate mechanical barrier but due to its chemical properties, imparts social immunity to honeybees through both contact and volatile emissions. (ujubee.com)
- A look at African races of honeybees that do or don't use propolis when related to their environment, and where and when propolis is used may give some insight into this behaviour. (ujubee.com)
- A colony of honeybees collects 150-700g of propolis per hive/annum (Ghisalberti 1979, Prost-Jean 1985). (ujubee.com)
- Propolis [is] a natural product derived from plant resins collected by the honeybees. (heightquest.com)
Resins1
- Propolis is bee-collected gums, resins, balsams and essential oils. (faithful-to-nature.co.za)
Chemical composition1
- The chemical composition of propolis is highly variable and depends directly on the geographic origin and local flora. (hindawi.com)
Lebah3
- Propolis adalah suatu zat yang dihasilkan oleh lebah madu. (meliapropolis.net)
- Propolis bersifat disinfektan (anti bakteri) yang membunuh semua kuman yang masuk ke dalam sarang lebah. (meliapropolis.net)
- Sifat disinfektan alami yang terkandung dalam propolis sangat ampuh dalam membunuh kuman, terbukti dengan ditemukannya seekor tikus dalam sarang lebah yang telah mati selama kurang lebih 5 tahun dalam keadaan tidak membusuk. (meliapropolis.net)
