AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth Care
DronabinolReceptors, CannabinoidReceptor, Cannabinoid, CB1Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2BenzoxazinesCannabidiolCannabinoid Receptor AgonistsNaphthalenesCannabisCannabinoid Receptor ModulatorsEndocannabinoidsCyclohexanolsMorpholinesPolyunsaturated AlkamidesPyrazolesCannabinoid Receptor AntagonistsCannabinolPiperidinesArachidonic AcidsReceptors, DrugDesigner DrugsBornanesSubstance Abuse DetectionGlyceridesMonoacylglycerol LipasesMarijuana SmokingStreet DrugsAnalgesicsPsychotropic DrugsEnzyme Multiplied Immunoassay TechniqueHallucinogensForensic ToxicologyGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryMarijuana AbuseDose-Response Relationship, DrugTRPV Cation ChannelsAnalgesics, Non-NarcoticAmidohydrolasesCatalepsyHypothermiaRats, Sprague-DawleyControlled SubstancesFluorescence Polarization ImmunoassayBenzodioxolesLimit of DetectionDrug ToleranceAppetite StimulantsIndolesShrewsSynaptic TransmissionPeriaqueductal GrayDrug and Narcotic ControlRats, WistarPainBehavior, AnimalNeuronsMononeuropathiesCalcium Channel BlockersDrug InteractionsLegislation, DrugResorcinolsNeural InhibitionVomitingAntiemeticsCarbamatesHippocampusCapsaicinMice, Inbred ICRBody TemperatureMotor ActivityGlyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating)Analgesics, OpioidNarcoticsSubstance-Related DisordersPatch-Clamp TechniquesCeramidesMice, Inbred C57BLReceptors, Opioid, muMice, KnockoutSolid Phase ExtractionExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsMicrogliaInhibitory Postsynaptic PotentialsMeconiumPsychoses, Substance-InducedNeuralgiagamma-Aminobutyric AcidAnalgesiaPain MeasurementSalivaPresynaptic TerminalsBrainPyransSignal TransductionReceptors, GABA-BCA3 Region, HippocampalHyperalgesiaNauseaTransient Receptor Potential ChannelsCells, Cultured
Dronabinol
A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.
Receptors, Cannabinoid
A class of G-protein-coupled receptors that are specific for CANNABINOIDS such as those derived from CANNABIS. They also bind a structurally distinct class of endogenous factors referred to as ENDOCANNABINOIDS. The receptor class may play a role in modulating the release of signaling molecules such as NEUROTRANSMITTERS and CYTOKINES.
Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1
A subclass of cannabinoid receptor found primarily on central and peripheral NEURONS where it may play a role modulating NEUROTRANSMITTER release.
Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2
A subclass of cannabinoid receptor found primarily on immune cells where it may play a role modulating release of CYTOKINES.
Benzoxazines
OXAZINES with a fused BENZENE ring.
Cannabidiol
Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.
Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists
Compounds that interact with and stimulate the activity of CANNABINOID RECEPTORS.
Naphthalenes
Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics.
Cannabis
The plant genus in the Cannabaceae plant family, Urticales order, Hamamelidae subclass. The flowering tops are called many slang terms including pot, marijuana, hashish, bhang, and ganja. The stem is an important source of hemp fiber.
Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators
Compounds that interact with and modulate the activity of CANNABINOID RECEPTORS.
Endocannabinoids
Fatty acid derivatives that have specificity for CANNABINOID RECEPTORS. They are structurally distinct from CANNABINOIDS and were originally discovered as a group of endogenous CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONISTS.
Cyclohexanols
Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.
Morpholines
Polyunsaturated Alkamides
Amides composed of unsaturated aliphatic FATTY ACIDS linked with AMINES by an amide bond. They are most prominent in ASTERACEAE; PIPERACEAE; and RUTACEAE; and also found in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE; BRASSICACEAE; CONVOLVULACEAE; EUPHORBIACEAE; MENISPERMACEAE; POACEAE; and SOLANACEAE. They are recognized by their pungent taste and for causing numbing and salivation.
Pyrazoles
Azoles of two nitrogens at the 1,2 positions, next to each other, in contrast with IMIDAZOLES in which they are at the 1,3 positions.
Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists
Compounds that inhibit or block the activity of CANNABINOID RECEPTORS.
Cannabinol
A physiologically inactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L.
Piperidines
A family of hexahydropyridines.
Arachidonic Acids
Receptors, Drug
Proteins that bind specific drugs with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Drug receptors are generally thought to be receptors for some endogenous substance not otherwise specified.
Designer Drugs
Drugs designed and synthesized, often for illegal street use, by modification of existing drug structures (e.g., amphetamines). Of special interest are MPTP (a reverse ester of meperidine), MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine), and MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Many drugs act on the aminergic system, the physiologically active biogenic amines.
Bornanes
Substance Abuse Detection
Detection of drugs that have been abused, overused, or misused, including legal and illegal drugs. Urine screening is the usual method of detection.
Glycerides
GLYCEROL esterified with FATTY ACIDS.
Monoacylglycerol Lipases
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycerol monoesters of long-chain fatty acids EC 3.1.1.23.
Marijuana Smoking
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke from CANNABIS.
Street Drugs
Drugs obtained and often manufactured illegally for the subjective effects they are said to produce. They are often distributed in urban areas, but are also available in suburban and rural areas, and tend to be grossly impure and may cause unexpected toxicity.
Analgesics
Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.
Psychotropic Drugs
A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. Here the psychotropic agents include the antidepressive agents, hallucinogens, and tranquilizing agents (including the antipsychotics and anti-anxiety agents).
Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique
An immunoenzyme test for the presence of drugs and other substances in urine and blood. The test uses enzyme linked antibodies that react only with the particular drug for which the sample is being tested.
Hallucinogens
Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations, and other alterations of mood and thinking. Despite the name, the feature that distinguishes these agents from other classes of drugs is their capacity to induce states of altered perception, thought, and feeling that are not experienced otherwise.
Forensic Toxicology
The application of TOXICOLOGY knowledge to questions of law.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.
Marijuana Abuse
The excessive use of marijuana with associated psychological symptoms and impairment in social or occupational functioning.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
TRPV Cation Channels
A subgroup of TRP cation channels named after vanilloid receptor. They are very sensitive to TEMPERATURE and hot spicy food and CAPSAICIN. They have the TRP domain and ANKYRIN repeats. Selectivity for CALCIUM over SODIUM ranges from 3 to 100 fold.
Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
A subclass of analgesic agents that typically do not bind to OPIOID RECEPTORS and are not addictive. Many non-narcotic analgesics are offered as NONPRESCRIPTION DRUGS.
Amidohydrolases
Catalepsy
A condition characterized by inactivity, decreased responsiveness to stimuli, and a tendency to maintain an immobile posture. The limbs tend to remain in whatever position they are placed (waxy flexibility). Catalepsy may be associated with PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA, CATATONIC), nervous system drug toxicity, and other conditions.
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Controlled Substances
Drugs or chemical agents whose manufacture, possession, or use are regulated by government. This may include narcotics and prescription medications.
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay
Fluoroimmunoassay where detection of the hapten-antibody reaction is based on measurement of the increased polarization of fluorescence-labeled hapten when it is combined with antibody. The assay is very useful for the measurement of small haptenic antigens such as drugs at low concentrations.
Benzodioxoles
Compounds based on benzene fused to oxole. They can be formed from methylated CATECHOLS such as EUGENOL.
Limit of Detection
Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure.
Drug Tolerance
Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.
Appetite Stimulants
Agents that are used to stimulate appetite. These drugs are frequently used to treat anorexia associated with cancer and AIDS.
Indoles
Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring.
Shrews
Synaptic Transmission
The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.
Periaqueductal Gray
Central gray matter surrounding the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT in the MESENCEPHALON. Physiologically it is probably involved in RAGE reactions, the LORDOSIS REFLEX; FEEDING responses, bladder tonus, and pain.
Drug and Narcotic Control
Control of drug and narcotic use by international agreement, or by institutional systems for handling prescribed drugs. This includes regulations concerned with the manufacturing, dispensing, approval (DRUG APPROVAL), and marketing of drugs.
Rats, Wistar
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.
Behavior, Animal
The observable response an animal makes to any situation.
Neurons
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Mononeuropathies
Disease or trauma involving a single peripheral nerve in isolation, or out of proportion to evidence of diffuse peripheral nerve dysfunction. Mononeuropathy multiplex refers to a condition characterized by multiple isolated nerve injuries. Mononeuropathies may result from a wide variety of causes, including ISCHEMIA; traumatic injury; compression; CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; and other conditions.
Calcium Channel Blockers
A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes.
Drug Interactions
The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.
Legislation, Drug
Laws concerned with manufacturing, dispensing, and marketing of drugs.
Resorcinols
Neural Inhibition
The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.
Antiemetics
Drugs used to prevent NAUSEA or VOMITING.
Carbamates
Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid.
Hippocampus
A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.
Capsaicin
An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.
Mice, Inbred ICR
Body Temperature
The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.
Motor Activity
The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating)
An NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase found in the cytosol of eucaryotes. It catalyses the dehydrogenation and phosphorylation of GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE to 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate, which is an important step in the GLYCOLYSIS pathway.
Analgesics, Opioid
Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.
Narcotics
Agents that induce NARCOSIS. Narcotics include agents that cause somnolence or induced sleep (STUPOR); natural or synthetic derivatives of OPIUM or MORPHINE or any substance that has such effects. They are potent inducers of ANALGESIA and OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS.
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders related to substance abuse.
Patch-Clamp Techniques
An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.
Ceramides
Members of the class of neutral glycosphingolipids. They are the basic units of SPHINGOLIPIDS. They are sphingoids attached via their amino groups to a long chain fatty acyl group. They abnormally accumulate in FABRY DISEASE.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Receptors, Opioid, mu
A class of opioid receptors recognized by its pharmacological profile. Mu opioid receptors bind, in decreasing order of affinity, endorphins, dynorphins, met-enkephalin, and leu-enkephalin. They have also been shown to be molecular receptors for morphine.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Solid Phase Extraction
An extraction method that separates analytes using a solid phase and a liquid phase. It is used for preparative sample cleanup before analysis by CHROMATOGRAPHY and other analytical methods.
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials
Depolarization of membrane potentials at the SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES of target neurons during neurotransmission. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials can singly or in summation reach the trigger threshold for ACTION POTENTIALS.
Microglia
The third type of glial cell, along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which together form the macroglia). Microglia vary in appearance depending on developmental stage, functional state, and anatomical location; subtype terms include ramified, perivascular, ameboid, resting, and activated. Microglia clearly are capable of phagocytosis and play an important role in a wide spectrum of neuropathologies. They have also been suggested to act in several other roles including in secretion (e.g., of cytokines and neural growth factors), in immunological processing (e.g., antigen presentation), and in central nervous system development and remodeling.
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials
Hyperpolarization of membrane potentials at the SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES of target neurons during NEUROTRANSMISSION. They are local changes which diminish responsiveness to excitatory signals.
Meconium
The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.
Psychoses, Substance-Induced
Psychotic organic mental disorders resulting from the toxic effect of drugs and chemicals or other harmful substance.
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
Analgesia
Methods of PAIN relief that may be used with or in place of ANALGESICS.
Pain Measurement
Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.
Saliva
The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.
Presynaptic Terminals
The distal terminations of axons which are specialized for the release of neurotransmitters. Also included are varicosities along the course of axons which have similar specializations and also release transmitters. Presynaptic terminals in both the central and peripheral nervous systems are included.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Pyrans
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Receptors, GABA-B
A subset of GABA RECEPTORS that signal through their interaction with HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS.
CA3 Region, Hippocampal
A subsection of the hippocampus, described by Lorente de No, that is located between the HIPPOCAMPUS CA2 FIELD and the DENTATE GYRUS.
Hyperalgesia
An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.
Transient Receptor Potential Channels
A broad group of eukaryotic six-transmembrane cation channels that are classified by sequence homology because their functional involvement with SENSATION is varied. They have only weak voltage sensitivity and ion selectivity. They are named after a DROSOPHILA mutant that displayed transient receptor potentials in response to light. A 25-amino-acid motif containing a TRP box (EWKFAR) just C-terminal to S6 is found in TRPC, TRPV and TRPM subgroups. ANKYRIN repeats are found in TRPC, TRPV & TRPN subgroups. Some are functionally associated with TYROSINE KINASE or TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Cardiovascular System
The HEART and the BLOOD VESSELS by which BLOOD is pumped and circulated through the body.
Anilides
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Nociceptors
Peripheral AFFERENT NEURONS which are sensitive to injuries or pain, usually caused by extreme thermal exposures, mechanical forces, or other noxious stimuli. Their cell bodies reside in the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA. Their peripheral terminals (NERVE ENDINGS) innervate target tissues and transduce noxious stimuli via axons to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Neuroprotective Agents
Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.
Plant Extracts
Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.
Synapses
Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.
Pyramidal Cells
Projection neurons in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and the HIPPOCAMPUS. Pyramidal cells have a pyramid-shaped soma with the apex and an apical dendrite pointed toward the pial surface and other dendrites and an axon emerging from the base. The axons may have local collaterals but also project outside their cortical region.
Electric Stimulation
Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.
Glutamic Acid
A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Rats, Long-Evans
An outbred strain of rats developed in 1915 by crossing several Wistar Institute white females with a wild gray male. Inbred strains have been derived from this original outbred strain, including Long-Evans cinnamon rats (RATS, INBRED LEC) and Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats (RATS, INBRED OLETF), which are models for Wilson's disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, respectively.
Receptors, Opioid
Cell membrane proteins that bind opioids and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The endogenous ligands for opioid receptors in mammals include three families of peptides, the enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins. The receptor classes include mu, delta, and kappa receptors. Sigma receptors bind several psychoactive substances, including certain opioids, but their endogenous ligands are not known.
Purkinje Cells
The output neurons of the cerebellar cortex.
Cholinergic Agonists
Drugs that bind to and activate cholinergic receptors.
Injections, Intraventricular
Injections into the cerebral ventricles.
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.
Morphine
The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.
Gastrointestinal Motility
The motor activity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
Acetonitriles
Compounds in which a methyl group is attached to the cyano moiety.
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Neuronal Plasticity
The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.
Palmitic Acids
A group of 16-carbon fatty acids that contain no double bonds.
Amphetamines
Analogs or derivatives of AMPHETAMINE. Many are sympathomimetics and central nervous system stimulators causing excitation, vasopressin, bronchodilation, and to varying degrees, anorexia, analepsis, nasal decongestion, and some smooth muscle relaxation.
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
The largest family of cell surface receptors involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They share a common structure and signal through HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS.
Protective Agents
Synthetic or natural substances which are given to prevent a disease or disorder or are used in the process of treating a disease or injury due to a poisonous agent.
Muscle Tonus
The state of activity or tension of a muscle beyond that related to its physical properties, that is, its active resistance to stretch. In skeletal muscle, tonus is dependent upon efferent innervation. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Neurotransmitter Agents
Substances used for their pharmacological actions on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.
Ligands
A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Ethanolamines
AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives.
Reinforcement (Psychology)
The strengthening of a conditioned response.
Receptors, Glycine
Cell surface receptors that bind GLYCINE with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glycine receptors in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM have an intrinsic chloride channel and are usually inhibitory.
Corpus Striatum
Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.
Anti-Anxiety Agents
Agents that alleviate ANXIETY, tension, and ANXIETY DISORDERS, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS are commonly used in the symptomatic treatment of anxiety but are not included here.
Immunoassay
A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.
Benzodiazepines
A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.
Plant Oils
Oils derived from plants or plant products.
Analysis of Variance
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate
Cell surface proteins that bind glutamate and act through G-proteins to influence second messenger systems. Several types of metabotropic glutamate receptors have been cloned. They differ in pharmacology, distribution, and mechanisms of action.
Conditioning, Operant
Learning situations in which the sequence responses of the subject are instrumental in producing reinforcement. When the correct response occurs, which involves the selection from among a repertoire of responses, the subject is immediately reinforced.
Hypothalamus
Ventral part of the DIENCEPHALON extending from the region of the OPTIC CHIASM to the caudal border of the MAMMILLARY BODIES and forming the inferior and lateral walls of the THIRD VENTRICLE.
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.
Discrimination Learning
Learning that is manifested in the ability to respond differentially to various stimuli.
Central Nervous System
The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.
Pertussis Toxin
One of the virulence factors produced by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS. It is a multimeric protein composed of five subunits S1 - S5. S1 contains mono ADPribose transferase activity.
Action Potentials
Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.
Amygdala
Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the INFERIOR HORN OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE of the TEMPORAL LOBE. The amygdala is part of the limbic system.
Microinjections
The injection of very small amounts of fluid, often with the aid of a microscope and microsyringes.
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)
Interneurons
Most generally any NEURONS which are not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose AXONS remain within a particular brain region in contrast to projection neurons, which have axons projecting to other brain regions.
Electrophysiology
The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.
Glucuronides
Glycosides of GLUCURONIC ACID formed by the reaction of URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE GLUCURONIC ACID with certain endogenous and exogenous substances. Their formation is important for the detoxification of drugs, steroid excretion and BILIRUBIN metabolism to a more water-soluble compound that can be eliminated in the URINE and BILE.
Pain Threshold
Amount of stimulation required before the sensation of pain is experienced.
Self Administration
Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal.
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.
Reference Standards
A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the abdominal wall.
Adenylate Kinase
An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of AMP to ADP in the presence of ATP or inorganic triphosphate. EC 2.7.4.3.
Spinal Cord
A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.
Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists.
Cerebellum
The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.
CA1 Region, Hippocampal
One of four subsections of the hippocampus described by Lorente de No, located furthest from the DENTATE GYRUS.
Anticonvulsants
Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity.
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
HEK293 Cells
A cell line generated from human embryonic kidney cells that were transformed with human adenovirus type 5.
Cell Line, Tumor
A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that are activated by ligands and heterodimerize with RETINOID X RECEPTORS and bind to peroxisome proliferator response elements in the promoter regions of target genes.
False Negative Reactions
Negative test results in subjects who possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of diseased persons as healthy when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Amphetamine
A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.
Immunohistochemistry
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Chromatography, Liquid
Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.
Ghrelin
A 28-amino acid, acylated, orexigenic peptide that is a ligand for GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTORS. Ghrelin is widely expressed but primarily in the stomach in the adults. Ghrelin acts centrally to stimulate growth hormone secretion and food intake, and peripherally to regulate energy homeostasis. Its large precursor protein, known as appetite-regulating hormone or motilin-related peptide, contains ghrelin and obestatin.
Calibration
Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)
Drug Synergism
The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.
Injections, Intravenous
Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.
Anxiety
Feeling or emotion of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.
Reproducibility of Results
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Ganglia, Spinal
Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain.
Organ Culture Techniques
A technique for maintenance or growth of animal organs in vitro. It refers to three-dimensional cultures of undisaggregated tissue retaining some or all of the histological features of the tissue in vivo. (Freshney, Culture of Animal Cells, 3d ed, p1)
Benzamides
BENZOIC ACID amides.
Vasodilation
The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Mesenteric Arteries
Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.
Receptors, Glutamate
Cell-surface proteins that bind glutamate and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glutamate receptors include ionotropic receptors (AMPA, kainate, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors), which directly control ion channels, and metabotropic receptors which act through second messenger systems. Glutamate receptors are the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. They have also been implicated in the mechanisms of memory and of many diseases.
Cell Survival
The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES).
Membrane Potentials
The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.
Radioligand Assay
Quantitative determination of receptor (binding) proteins in body fluids or tissue using radioactively labeled binding reagents (e.g., antibodies, intracellular receptors, plasma binders).
Molecular Structure
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.
Stereoisomerism
The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Tetrodotoxin
An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.
CHO Cells
CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.
Maze Learning
Learning the correct route through a maze to obtain reinforcement. It is used for human or animal populations. (Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 6th ed)
Enzyme Inhibitors
Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Solid-phase microextraction for cannabinoids analysis in hair and its possible application to other drugs. (1/1123)

This paper describes the application of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) to cannabis testing in hair. Fifty milligrams of hair was washed with petroleum ether, hydrolyzed with NaOH, neutralized, deuterated internal standard was added and directly submitted to SPME. The SPME was analyzed by GC-MS. The limit of detection was 0.1 ng/mg for cannabinol (CBN) and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 0.2 ng/mg for cannabidiol (CBD). THC was detected in a range spanning from 0.1 to 0.7 ng/mg. CBD concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 14.1 ng/mg, and CBN concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 0.7 ng/mg. The effectiveness of different decontamination procedures was also studied on passively contaminated hair. The proposed method is also suitable for the analysis of methadone in hair; cocaine and cocaethylene can be detected in hair with SPME extraction after enzymatic hydrolysis.  (+info)

Toxicological findings in a fatal ingestion of methamphetamine. (2/1123)

This paper presents the case history of a fatality caused by the complications brought about by the presence of methamphetamine and ethanol. Drug concentrations are reported from samples obtained approximately 15 min after the subject was last observed to be chewing what was then believed to be gum, 3 h after the initial toxic symptoms were displayed, 6, 11, and 22 h later. The subjects conditions deteriorated over the course of this time, and he was declared dead 33 h after the initial display of toxic symptoms. The toxicological findings and concentration levels of the reported biological specimens concurred with the expected findings in a case of methamphetamine toxicity.  (+info)

The central cannabinoid receptor (CB1) mediates inhibition of nitric oxide production by rat microglial cells. (3/1123)

Upon activation, brain microglial cells release proinflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), which may play an important role in the central nervous system antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor activities. However, excessive release of NO has been postulated to elicit immune-mediated neurodegenerative inflammatory processes and to cause brain injury. In the present study, the effect of cannabinoids on the release of NO from endotoxin/cytokine-activated rat cortical microglial cells was evaluated. A drug dose-dependent (0.1 microM-8 microM) inhibition of NO release from rat microglial cells was exerted by the cannabinoid receptor high-affinity binding enantiomer (-)-CP55940. In contrast, a minimal inhibitory effect was exerted by the lower affinity binding paired enantiomer (+)-CP56667. Pretreatment of microglial cells with the Galphai/Galphao protein inactivator pertussis toxin, cyclic AMP reconstitution with the cell-permeable analog dibutyryl-cAMP, or treatment of cells with the Galphas activator cholera toxin, resulted in reversal of the (-)-CP55940-mediated inhibition of NO release. A similar reversal in (-)-CP55940-mediated inhibition of NO release was effected when microglial cells were pretreated with the central cannabinoid receptor (CB1) selective antagonist SR141716A. Mutagenic reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western immunoblot assay using a CB1 receptor amine terminal domain-specific antibody, and cellular colocalization of CB1 and the microglial marker Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 confirmed the expression of the CB1 receptor in rat microglial cells. Collectively, these results indicate a functional linkage between the CB1 receptor and cannabinoid-mediated inhibition of NO production by rat microglial cells.  (+info)

Cannabinoid suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity in wide dynamic range neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn of the rat. (4/1123)

The effects of cannabinoid agonists on noxious heat-evoked firing of 62 spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons were examined in urethan-anesthetized rats (1 cell/animal). Noxious thermal stimulation was applied with a Peltier device to the receptive fields in the ipsilateral hindpaw of isolated WDR neurons. To assess the site of action, cannabinoids were administered systemically in intact and spinally transected rats and intraventricularly. Both the aminoalkylindole cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 (125 microg/kg iv) and the bicyclic cannabinoid CP55,940 (125 microg/kg iv) suppressed noxious heat-evoked activity. Responses evoked by mild pressure in nonnociceptive neurons were not altered by CP55,940 (125 microg/kg iv), consistent with previous observations with another cannabinoid agonist, WIN55,212-2. The cannabinoid induced-suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity was blocked by pretreatment with SR141716A (1 mg/kg iv), a competitive antagonist for central cannabinoid CB1 receptors. By contrast, intravenous administration of either vehicle or the receptor-inactive enantiomer WIN55,212-3 (125 microg/kg) failed to alter noxious heat-evoked activity. The suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity induced by WIN55,212-2 in the lumbar dorsal horn of intact animals was markedly attenuated in spinal rats. Moreover, intraventricular administration of WIN55,212-2 suppressed noxious heat-evoked activity in spinal WDR neurons. By contrast, both vehicle and enantiomer were inactive. These findings suggest that cannabinoids selectively modulate the activity of nociceptive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn by actions at CB1 receptors. This modulation represents a suppression of pain neurotransmission because the inhibitory effects are selective for pain-sensitive neurons and are observed with different modalities of noxious stimulation. The data also provide converging lines of evidence for a role for descending antinociceptive mechanisms in cannabinoid modulation of spinal nociceptive processing.  (+info)

Effect of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55212-2 on sympathetic cardiovascular regulation. (5/1123)

1. The aim of the present study was to analyse the cardiovascular actions of the synthetic CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55212-2, and specifically to determine its sites of action on sympathetic cardiovascular regulation. 2. Pithed rabbits in which the sympathetic outflow was continuously stimulated electrically or which received a pressor infusion of noradrenaline were used to study peripheral prejunctional and direct vascular effects, respectively. For studying effects on brain stem cardiovascular regulatory centres, drugs were administered into the cisterna cerebellomedullaris in conscious rabbits. Overall cardiovascular effects of the cannabinoid were studied in conscious rabbits with intravenous drug administration. 3. In pithed rabbits in which the sympathetic outflow was continuously electrically stimulated, intravenous injection of WIN55212-2 (5, 50 and 500 microg kg(-1)) markedly reduced blood pressure, the spillover of noradrenaline into plasma and the plasma noradrenaline concentration, and these effects were antagonized by the CB1 cannabinoid receptor-selective antagonist SR141716A. The hypotensive and the sympathoinhibitory effect of WIN55212-2 was shared by CP55940, another mixed CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist, but not by WIN55212-3, the enantiomer of WIN55212-2, which lacks affinity for cannabinoid binding sites. WIN55212-2 had no effect on vascular tone established by infusion of noradrenaline in pithed rabbits. 4. Intracisternal application of WIN55212-2 (0.1, 1 and 10 microg kg(-1)) in conscious rabbits increased blood pressure and the plasma noradrenaline concentration and elicited bradycardia; this latter effect was antagonized by atropine. 5. In conscious animals, intravenous injection of WIN55212-2 (5 and 50 microg kg(-1)) caused bradycardia, slight hypotension, no change in the plasma noradrenaline concentration, and an increase in renal sympathetic nerve firing. The highest dose of WIN55212-2 (500 microg kg(-1)) elicited hypotension and tachycardia, and sympathetic nerve activity and the plasma noradrenaline concentration declined. 6. The results obtained in pithed rabbits indicate that activation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors leads to marked peripheral prejunctional inhibition of noradrenaline release from postganglionic sympathetic axons. Intracisternal application of WIN55212-2 uncovered two effects on brain stem cardiovascular centres: sympathoexcitation and activation of cardiac vagal fibres. The highest dose of systemically administered WIN55212-2 produced central sympathoinhibition; the primary site of this action is not known.  (+info)

Stage-specific excitation of cannabinoid receptor exhibits differential effects on mouse embryonic development. (6/1123)

Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine), an arachidonic acid derivative, is an endogenous ligand for both the brain-type (CB1-R) and spleen-type (CB2-R) cannabinoid receptors. We have previously demonstrated that preimplantation mouse embryos express mRNA for these receptors and that the periimplantation uterus contains the highest level of anandamide yet discovered in a mammalian tissue. We further demonstrated that 2-cell mouse embryos exposed to low levels of anandamide (7 nM) or other known cannabinoid agonists in culture exhibit markedly compromised embryonic development to blastocysts and that this effect is mediated by CB1-R. In contrast, the present study demonstrates that blastocysts exposed in culture to the same low levels of cannabinoid agonists exhibited accelerated trophoblast differentiation with respect to fibronectin-binding activity and trophoblast outgrowth. Again, these effects resulted from activation of embryonic CB1-R. There was a differential concentration-dependent effect of cannabinoids on the trophoblast, with an observed inhibition of differentiation at higher doses. These results provide evidence for the first time that cannabinoid effects are differentially executed depending on the embryonic stage and cannabinoid levels in the environment. Since uterine anandamide levels are lowest at the sites of implantation and highest at the interimplantation sites, the new findings imply that site-specific levels of anandamide and/or other endogenous ligands in the uterus may regulate implantation spatially by promoting trophoblast differentiation at the sites of blastocyst implantation.  (+info)

A role for N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide) as the mediator of sensory nerve-dependent Ca2+-induced relaxation. (7/1123)

We tested the hypothesis that an endogenous cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonist, such as N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide), is the transmitter that mediates perivascular sensory nerve-dependent Ca2+-induced relaxation. Rat mesenteric branch arteries were studied using wire myography; relaxation was determined after inducing contraction with norepinephrine. Cumulative addition of Ca2+ caused dose-dependent relaxation (ED50 = 2.2 +/- 0.09 mM). The relaxation was inhibited by 10 mM TEA and 100 nM iberiotoxin, a blocker of large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, but not by 5 microM glibenclamide, 1 mM 4-aminopyridine, or 30 nM apamin. Ca2+-induced relaxation was also blocked by the selective CB receptor antagonist SR141716A and was enhanced by pretreatment with 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (pefabloc; 30 microM), an inhibitor of anandamide metabolism. Anandamide also caused dose-dependent relaxation (ED50 =.72 +/- 0.3 microM). The relaxation was not inhibited by endothelial denudation, 10 microM indomethacin, or 1 microM miconazole, but was blocked by 3 microM SR141716A, 10 mM TEA, precontraction with 100 mM K+, and 100 nM iberiotoxin, and was enhanced by treatment with 30 microM pefabloc. Mesenteric branch arteries were 200-fold more sensitive to the relaxing action of anandamide than arachidonic acid (ED50 = 160 +/- 7 microM). These data show that: 1) Ca2+ and anandamide cause hyperpolarization-mediated relaxation of mesenteric branch arteries, which is dependent on an iberiotoxin-sensitive Ca2+-activated K+ channel, 2) relaxation induced by both Ca2+ and anandamide is inhibited by CB receptor blockade, and 3) relaxation induced by anandamide is not dependent on its breakdown to arachidonic acid and subsequent metabolism. These findings support the hypothesis that anandamide, or a similar cannabinoid receptor agonist, mediates nerve-dependent Ca2+-induced relaxation in the rat.  (+info)

Agonist-inverse agonist characterization at CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors of L759633, L759656, and AM630. (8/1123)

We have tested our prediction that AM630 is a CB2 cannabinoid receptor ligand and also investigated whether L759633 and L759656, are CB2 receptor agonists. Binding assays with membranes from CHO cells stably transfected with human CB1 or CB2 receptors using [3H]-CP55940, confirmed the CB2-selectivity of L759633 and L759656 (CB2/CB1 affinity ratios = 163 and 414 respectively) and showed AM630 to have a Ki at CB2 receptors of 31.2 nM and a CB2/CB1 affinity ratio of 165. In CB2-transfected cells, L759633 and L759656 were potent inhibitors of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP production, with EC50 values of 8.1 and 3.1 nM respectively and CB1/CB2 EC50 ratios of > 1000 and > 3000 respectively. AM630 inhibited [35S]-GTPgammaS binding to CB2 receptor membranes (EC50 = 76.6 nM), enhanced forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP production in CB2-transfected cells (5.2 fold by 1 microM), and antagonized the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP production in this cell line induced by CP55940. In CB1-transfected cells, forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP production was significantly inhibited by AM630 (22.6% at 1 microM and 45.9% at 10 microM) and by L759633 at 10 microM (48%) but not 1 microM. L759656 (10 microM) was not inhibitory. AM630 also produced a slight decrease in the mean inhibitory effect of CP55940 on cyclic AMP production which was not statistically significant. We conclude that AM630 is a CB2-selective ligand that behaves as an inverse agonist at CB2 receptors and as a weak partial agonist at CB1 receptors. L759633 and L759656 are both potent CB2-selective agonists.  (+info)

OWCP and mediq Collaborate to Introduce Cannabinoid-based Psoriasis Cream in Germany - BioNewsFeedsOWCP and mediq Collaborate to Introduce Cannabinoid-based Psoriasis Cream in Germany - BioNewsFeeds
One World Cannabis Pharmaceutical Research (OWCP) and mediq Innovation Experts have partnered to introduce OWCPs cannabinoid-based topical psoriasis cream in Germany.. Germany-based mediq has extensive experience in assisting companies based in Israel enter European markets. Under the new agreement, mediq will support OWCP with both a scientific collaboration and in marketing its active cannabinoid-based topical psoriasis cream in Germany.. OWCP recently reported the initial results from a clinical trial evaluating the cannabinoid-based topical cream for the treatment of psoriasis. According to the results, the cream led to a 70 percent improvement in psoriasis-related inflammation parameters. Based on the promising study data, the company said it will expand the size and scope of its clinical trial.. In April, the company said it will provide more details of the study upon availability of final data, and completion of what it calls the full Bio-Data IP Protection.. Were looking forward to ...
https://bionewsfeeds.com/2017/06/01/owcp-and-mediq-collaborate-to-introduce-cannabinoid-based-psoriasis-cream-in-germany/
Chronic treatment with a synthetic cannabinoid CP-55,940 alters G-protein expression in the rat central nervous system. |...Chronic treatment with a synthetic cannabinoid CP-55,940 alters G-protein expression in the rat central nervous system. |...
Prolonged exposure of rats to the synthetic cannabinoid receptor ligand, CP-55,940 (0.4 mg/kg, i.p. for 11 days), induced tolerance to analgesia, to the reduction in spontaneous locomotor activity and the incidence of splayed hind limbs. One hour after the last injection on day 11, the rats were killed and in situ hybridization was used to investigate the effect of treatment on G-protein alpha-subunit expression throughout the brain. Chronic cannabinoid exposure markedly reduced G alpha(s), G alpha(i) and G alpha(o) mRNA levels. The message for the alpha(s)-subunit was decreased in all the brain areas containing the basal autoradiographic signal; the decrease ranging from 25% in the thalamus to 45% in the mesencephalon. Also the basal G alpha(i) expression was reduced in tolerant rats showing the greatest decrease in the forebrain (63%) in the cerebellum (58%) and in the mesencephalon (38%). The reduction in G alpha(o) expression (25%) was more localized, being present only in the rostral portion of the
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Chronic-treatment-with-a-synthetic-cannabinoid-in-Rubino-Patrini/572bde4f77ab3d107f700fb4ac96dd6132f287ec
The influence of cannabinoids on generic traits of neurodegenerationThe influence of cannabinoids on generic traits of neurodegeneration
In an increasingly ageing population, the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease and Huntingtons disease are rising. While the aetiologies of these disorders are different, a number of common mechanisms that underlie their neurodegenerative components have been elucidated; namely neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced trophic support. Current therapies focus on treatment of the symptoms and attempt to delay the progression of these diseases but there is currently no cure. Modulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system is emerging as a potentially viable option in the treatment of neurodegeneration. Endocannabinoid signalling has been found to be altered in many neurodegenerative disorders. To this end, pharmacological manipulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system, as well as application of phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids have been investigated. Signalling from the CB1 and CB2 receptors are ...
http://www.cannabismedicinal.com.ar/cannabis-medicinal/investigacion/parkinson/331-the-influence-of-cannabinoids-on-generic-traits-of-neurodegeneration
Labs Make New, Dangerous Synthetic Cannabinoid Drugs Faster Than We Can Ban ThemLabs Make New, Dangerous Synthetic Cannabinoid Drugs Faster Than We Can Ban Them
Synthetic cannabinoids - drugs that mimic the psychoactive effect of cannabis - have been linked to injuries and deaths. When one is banned, another rises to take its place.
http://www.medicaldaily.com/labs-make-new-dangerous-synthetic-cannabinoid-drugs-faster-we-can-ban-them-360600
Cannabis, cannabinoids and cancer - the evidence so far - Cancer Research UK - Science blogCannabis, cannabinoids and cancer - the evidence so far - Cancer Research UK - Science blog
All these effects are thought to be caused by cannabinoids locking onto the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. It also looks like cannabinoids can exert effects on cancer cells that dont involve cannabinoid receptors, although it isnt yet clear exactly whats going on there.. So far, the best results in the lab or animal models have come from using a combination of highly purified THC and cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabinoid found in cannabis plants that counteracts the psychoactive effects of THC. But researchers have also found positive results using synthetic cannabinoids, such as a molecule called JWH-133.. Its not all good news though, as theres also evidence that cannabinoids may also have undesirable effects on cancer.. For example, some researchers have found that although high doses of THC can kill cancer cells, they also harm crucial blood vessel cells, although this may help their anti-cancer effect by preventing blood vessels growing into a tumour. And under some circumstances, ...
http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2012/07/25/cannabis-cannabinoids-and-cancer-the-evidence-so-far/amp/
Cannabinoids in health and diseaseCannabinoids in health and disease
Cannabis sativa L. preparations have been used in medicine for millenia. However, concern over the dangers of abuse led to the banning of the medicinal use of marijuana in most countries in the 1930s. Only recently, marijuana and individual natural and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists and ant …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18286801/
Cannabinoid drugs reduce perceived unpleasantness of painful stimuli and increase toleranceCannabinoid drugs reduce perceived unpleasantness of painful stimuli and increase tolerance
Researchers in the College of Arts and Sciences have determined that cannabinoid drugs do not appear to reduce the intensity of experimental pain, but, instead, may make pain feel less unpleasant and more tolerable.
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20180919/Cannabinoid-drugs-reduce-perceived-unpleasantness-of-painful-stimuli-and-increase-tolerance.aspx
Cannabinoid compounds may inhibit growth of colon cancer cells | EurekAlert! Science NewsCannabinoid compounds may inhibit growth of colon cancer cells | EurekAlert! Science News
Medical marijuana has gained attention in recent years for its potential to relieve pain and short-term anxiety and depression. Now, Penn State College of Medicine researchers say some cannabinoid compounds may actually inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells in the lab.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-02/ps-ccm020519.php
MAPS Archives | Surviving MesotheliomaMAPS Archives | Surviving Mesothelioma
The first patient has been treated in the trial of a new drug that might help people suffering from mesothelioma-related weight loss. The drug is a synthetic cannabinoid called ART27.13. A cannabinoid is a compound that acts on the CB1 and CB2 receptors of the endocannabinoid system. There are a number of cannabinoid drugs on the market. But several of them have significant side effects, including effects on the brain. Preclinical data on ART27.13 suggest that it may stimulate the appetite and counter mesothelioma-related weight loss with fewer unwanted side effects. The Cancer Appetite Recovery Study (CAReS) is a Phase I trial to test it in people. The Danger of Mesothelioma-Related Weight Loss Over 60 percent of late-stage cancer patients … Continue reading Mesothelioma-Related Weight Loss: Synthetic Cannabinoid Might Help ». ...
https://survivingmesothelioma.com/tag/maps/
3 Different Cannabinoid-Based Medicines Approved by FDA3 Different Cannabinoid-Based Medicines Approved by FDA
The FDA has not yet approved a drug made from the whole cannabis plant. It has, however, approved 3 synthetic cannabis products: Marinol, Syndros, and
https://www.medicaljane.com/2017/05/01/the-3-cannabis-based-medicines-approved-by-the-fda/
Cannabinoid Modulation of Emotion, Memory, and Motivation by Patrizia Campolongo, Liana Fattore | WaterstonesCannabinoid Modulation of Emotion, Memory, and Motivation by Patrizia Campolongo, Liana Fattore | Waterstones
Buy Cannabinoid Modulation of Emotion, Memory, and Motivation by Patrizia Campolongo, Liana Fattore from Waterstones today! Click and Collect from your local Waterstones or get FREE UK delivery on orders over £20.
https://www.waterstones.com/book/cannabinoid-modulation-of-emotion-memory-and-motivation/patrizia-campolongo/liana-fattore/9781493948758
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor - Proteopedia, life in 3DBeta-2 adrenergic receptor - Proteopedia, life in 3D
First emergent in Europe in 2004, an herbal incense product known as Spice or K2 was quickly utilized all over the world as a synthetic form of marijuana. Although sold legally in many areas as a natural incense that is not for human consumption, K2 is a plant-based material with traces of astoundingly potent synthetic cannabinoids, a fact that many users and retailers alike do not fail to recognize. Synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) are chemically derived forms of the naturally-occurring psychotropic cannabinoid, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), found in marijuana [1][2]. Cannabinoids bind and activate cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, which are found throughout the body [1]. CB1 is primarily found in the cerebellum as well as the hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, striatum and brainstem; all vital areas of the central nervous system [1]. Although SCBs are chemically similar to THCs, which exhibit relatively mild side effects when used recreationally, the use of K2 has been linked to many ...
http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Beta-2_adrenergic_receptor
Strengthening Cannabinoid Modulation With Terpenes - CAT ScientificStrengthening Cannabinoid Modulation With Terpenes - CAT Scientific
How Terpenoids Boost Cannabinoid Efficiency, terpenes may play an integral part in how the human body experiences other cannabinoids.
http://www.catscientific.com/strengthening-cannabinoid-modulation-terpenes/
Tetra Bio-Pharma Announces Drug Candidate as Potential Therapy for Managing Cytokine Release Syndrome - Tetra Bio-PharmaTetra Bio-Pharma Announces Drug Candidate as Potential Therapy for Managing Cytokine Release Syndrome - Tetra Bio-Pharma
Panag Pharmas (Panag), a subsidiary of Tetra, PPP003 is a synthetic cannabinoid drug that selectively acts at the type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R). Panags scientific team and academic collaborators have been studying the role of the CB2R in acute immune responses for over a decade. The active molecule in PPP003 can reduce inflammation and dampen pro-inflammatory cytokine release, therefore, PPP003 should be carefully examined as a candidate drug to help reduce symptoms of acute lung inflammation and immune system dysregulation in those SARS-CoV-2 patients at risk, states Tetras CSO, Dr. Melanie Kelly, Ph.D.. Guy Chamberland, CEO & CRO of Tetra commented, It is a time for all pharmaceutical companies to contribute to the management of COVID-19 patients. We agree with our Canadian political leaders this is a time of national emergency. Our Panag team has been performing research on the prevention and management of severe systemic immune dysregulation such as sepsis since the early 2000s. ...
https://ir.tetrabiopharma.com/newsroom/press-releases/news-details/2020/Tetra-Bio-Pharma-Announces-Drug-Candidate-as-Potential-Therapy-for-Managing-Cytokine-Release-Syndrome/default.aspx
A Secret Weapon For Cannabinoids based therapy Parkinsons DiseaseA Secret Weapon For Cannabinoids based therapy Parkinsons Disease
Cannabinoid-based medicines are proposed as clinically promising therapies in Parkinsons disease (PD), provided the prominent modulatory operate performed by the cannabinoid signaling program from the basal ganglia. Supporting this pharmacological potential, the cannabinoid signaling program activities a biphasic sample of changes through the progression of PD. As a result, early and presymptomatic phases, characterised by neuronal malfunctioning but very little proof of neuronal Demise, are linked to desensitization/downregulation of CB1 receptors. It had been proposed that these losses may very well be A part of the pathogenesis itself, because theyre able to aggravate distinct cytotoxic insults that happen to be controlled in part by cannabinoid alerts, mainly excitotoxicity but will also oxidative worry and glial activation. In contrast, intermediate and, specifically, Superior phases of parkinsonism characterized by a profound nigral degeneration and prevalence of significant parkinsonian ...
http://cannabis-based-therapy-pa19580.diowebhost.com/7679114/a-secret-weapon-for-cannabinoids-based-therapy-parkinsons-disease
Dr. Mechoulam Unveils Synthetic Cannabinoid Acids Discovery | GanjapreneurDr. Mechoulam Unveils Synthetic Cannabinoid Acids Discovery | Ganjapreneur
DISCLAIMER: Ganjapreneur.com is intended as an educational resource for law-abiding professionals and those who are curious about entrepreneurial and/or investment opportunities in emerging markets. We do not offer investment advice, and we encourage all visitors and readers to do their own due dilligence before investing in any of the companies or markets that we write about. Be advised that possessing, using, distributing and selling cannabis are all federal crimes in the United States of America and the articles, pages, links, and other types of information on this site are not intended to assist you in violating federal law. Ganjapreneur.com and all associated entities and individuals are not responsible for third party content and/or links published on this website. ...
https://www.ganjapreneur.com/dr-mechoulam-unveils-synthetic-cannabinoid-acids-for-drug-production/
Synthetic cannabinoid use in psychiatric patients and relationship to hospitalisation - Research Portal, Kings College, London
Stone, J. M., Morrison, P. D., Brugger, S., Nottage, J., Bhattacharyya, S., Sumich, A., Wilson, D., Tunstall, N., Feilding, A., Brenneisen, R., McGuire, P., Murray, R. M. & Ffytche, D. H., Jun 2012, In : Molecular Psychiatry. 17, 6, p. 568-569 2 p.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article ...
https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/synthetic-cannabinoid-use-in-psychiatric-patients-and-relationship-to-hospitalisation
Prominent Researcher Says Cannabinoids Can Help Heal Brain Trauma · High TimesProminent Researcher Says Cannabinoids Can Help Heal Brain Trauma · High Times
Yes. And access in general.. What is your advice for lawmakers?. Regulators should be aware that compared to opiates, this is a much more benign family of compounds. Its very potent. Its involved in health and disease in every organ. The body tries to tell us something. Look at the body, look at the distribution of the receptors, look at the organs where you find the receptors of this system. You cannot ignore it. You cannot just behave as if its not there. Be more educated about what this system is about and realize that it should be prioritized in research and for translation to medical use.. You visited a medical cannabis dispensary here in California, where we just legalized recreational use. What are your impressions of our medical access? The trip to the dispensary was a bit disappointing. I found the place quite efficient, but not very friendly and inviting, with a somewhat cold atmosphere. As an outsider I didnt feel this place was very welcoming-yet Im sure that those that visit on ...
https://hightimes.com/health/science/prominent-researcher-says-cannabinoids-can-help-heal-brain-trauma/
CBD Oil And Addiction, What The Dalai Lama Can Teach You About Cannabinoid
The very first usage of THC-like cannabidoids was to minimize nausea, pain and enhance appetite in cancer clients after chemotherapy. Synthetic cannabinoids are still used for this function. Just recently have scientists acquired more information on natural cannabinoids such as CBD and their capability to eliminate various kinds of cancer. It ended up that CBD is a completely safe compound, disappointing psychoactive impacts and having a strong anti-cancer effect. It can be used to improve the efficiency of basic treatments or possibly as the cancer compound itself. According to research, CBD prevents the growth of cancer cells and ruins those already existing in cervical cancer, leukemia, lung thyroid, cancer and colon. It likewise minimizes the growth and intrusion of glioma cells - a very unsafe brain cancer. CBD likewise has promising effects in the fight against breast and prostate cancer, due to the fact that it straight lowers growths, eases discomfort and can improve the efficiency of ...
http://erickereq92479.dsiblogger.com/21066537/cbd-oil-and-addiction-what-the-dalai-lama-can-teach-you-about-cannabinoid
CBD Oil Master The Art Of Cannabinoid With These 9 TipsCBD Oil Master The Art Of Cannabinoid With These 9 Tips
The very first usage of THC-like cannabidoids was to decrease nausea, discomfort and improve appetite in cancer clients after chemotherapy. Synthetic cannabinoids are still utilized for this function. Only recently have researchers obtained more info on natural cannabinoids such as CBD and their capability to fight different kinds of cancer. It ended up that CBD is a totally safe substance, disappointing psychedelic impacts and having a strong anti-cancer impact. It can be used to enhance the efficiency of standard treatments or potentially as the cancer substance itself. According to research study, CBD prevents the development of cancer cells and damages those currently existing in cervical cancer, leukemia, lung colon, cancer and thyroid. It also reduces the development and invasion of glioma cells - a really hazardous brain cancer. CBD also has appealing results in the battle against breast and prostate cancer, because it directly lowers growths, eliminates pain and can improve the ...
http://landenokff71482.full-design.com/CBD-Oil-Master-The-Art-Of-Cannabinoid-With-These-9-Tips-32757199
CBD Oil For ADHDn, Top 9 Lessons About Cannabinoid To Learn Before You Hit 30CBD Oil For ADHDn, Top 9 Lessons About Cannabinoid To Learn Before You Hit 30
The first usage of THC-like cannabidoids was to decrease queasiness, discomfort and enhance cravings in cancer patients after chemotherapy. Synthetic cannabinoids are still used for this function. Just recently have actually researchers gotten more info on natural cannabinoids such as CBD and their ability to combat various types of cancer. It ended up that CBD is a totally safe substance, not revealing psychoactive results and having a strong anti-cancer result. It can be utilized to improve the effectiveness of standard treatments or potentially as the cancer substance itself. According to research study, CBD avoids the development of cancer cells and destroys those already existing in cervical cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, thyroid and colon. It likewise reduces the growth and intrusion of glioma cells - an extremely harmful brain cancer. CBD likewise has promising effects in the fight versus breast and prostate cancer, since it directly lowers growths, alleviates pain and can improve the ...
http://kylerrftg58036.pages10.com/CBD-Oil-For-ADHDn-Top-9-Lessons-About-Cannabinoid-To-Learn-Before-You-Hit-30-31734850
Biotica Pharmaceuticals - CannaFundraise
Biotica Pharmaceuticals is an early-stage biotech founded by a group of pioneers in the cannabis technology landscape. Biotica Pharmaceuticals, a biopharmaceutical company, together with its subsidiaries, will engage in discovering, developing, and commercializing cannabinoid-based medicines. It will operate through three segments: 1) Commercial, 2) Drug delivery systems and methods, 3) Cannabinoids Research and Development for Neuropathic pain, Cancer, Alzheimers, Parkinson, Esophagitis, and Immune Enhancement.. ...
http://www.cannafundraise.com/projects/biotica-pharmaceuticals/
99% CBD Isolate Slabs (No Terpenes) - Pure CBD Dabs - Sale $15/G - ReferLocal99% CBD Isolate Slabs (No Terpenes) - Pure CBD Dabs - Sale $15/G - ReferLocal
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Health Risk Behaviors With Synthetic Cannabinoids Versus Marijuana | Articles | PediatricsHealth Risk Behaviors With Synthetic Cannabinoids Versus Marijuana | Articles | Pediatrics
To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the association between ever use of synthetic cannabinoids and health risk behaviors in domains such as injury/violence, mental health, and sexual health among a nationally representative sample of US high school students. Furthermore, this study contributes new evidence on how behavioral correlates differ by type of marijuana use. Overall, we observed that ever use of synthetic cannabinoids was associated with the majority of health risk behaviors included in our study and that those associations tended to be more pronounced for ever use of synthetic cannabinoids than for ever use of marijuana only, particularly for substance use behaviors and sexual risk behaviors.. Given that synthetic cannabinoids are a relatively recent issue in the United States, high school students use of the drug was not monitored in national surveillance systems until the 2011 MTF study cycle1 and the 2015 YRBS cycle.21 As a result, much of the available literature ...
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/139/4/e20162675
The endogenous cannabinoid system and its role in nociceptive behaviorThe endogenous cannabinoid system and its role in nociceptive behavior
The analgesic properties of exogenous cannabinoids have been recognized for many years and suggest a regulatory role for the endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) system in mammalian nociceptive pathways. The endocannabinoid system includes: (1) at least two families of lipid signaling molecule …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15362158/?dopt=Abstract
Sickle Cell Crisis Complicated by Synthetic Cannabinoid Abuse: A Case Report<...Sickle Cell Crisis Complicated by Synthetic Cannabinoid Abuse: A Case Report<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Sickle Cell Crisis Complicated by Synthetic Cannabinoid Abuse. T2 - A Case Report. AU - Zheng, Crystal Y.. AU - Minniti, Caterina P.. AU - Chaitowitz, Mark H.. PY - 2016/3/4. Y1 - 2016/3/4. N2 - We describe a case of delirium occurring in a hospitalized sickle cell patient. Following admission for a typical pain crisis, the patient continued to report unrelieved pain with marked agitation for several days, despite escalating doses of opioid analgesia, and ultimately required intubation following development of acute chest syndrome (ACS). After some delay, it was discovered that he had been using a synthetic cannabinoid (K2) which may have precipitated his pain crisis and, with hindsight, explained his prolonged period of delirium. Delayed recognition was due to multiple factors, notably the absence of an index of suspicion for this novel drug, the presence of alternate explanations for the patients altered mental status, and the fact that reliable laboratory screening for ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/sickle-cell-crisis-complicated-by-synthetic-cannabinoid-abuse-a-c
Synthetic cannabinoid, JWH-030, induces QT prolongation through hERG channel inhibition - Toxicology Research (RSC Publishing)Synthetic cannabinoid, JWH-030, induces QT prolongation through hERG channel inhibition - Toxicology Research (RSC Publishing)
The problem of new psychoactive substance (NPS) abuse, which includes synthetic cannabinoids, is emerging globally, and the cardiotoxicity of these synthetic cannabinoids has not yet been evaluated extensively. In the present study, we investigated the effects of synthetic cannabinoids on the cytotoxicity, h
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/tx/c6tx00259e
The effect of synthetic cannabinoids on wound healing of chondrocytes monolayers and pseudo 3D cartilage tissue. Effect of...The effect of synthetic cannabinoids on wound healing of chondrocytes monolayers and pseudo 3D cartilage tissue. Effect of...
Studies have been conducted to highlight the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties of cannabinoids and also their potentials for cartilage repair and regeneration. Various wound healing techniques can be used to investigate the mechanisms of chondrocyte repair in monolayers or three dimensional tissue constructs. The effect of different concentrations of the synthetic cannabinoids WIN55, 212-2 (WIN-2), URB602 and HU-308 with and without their antagonists on the wound healing of chondrocyte monolayers was investigated using a simple scratch assay model. The three cannabinoids were found to increase wound healing of chondrocyte monolayers, but at different rates. WIN55, 212-2 at a concentration of 1μM had the highest effect of increasing both migration and proliferation of chondrocytes cultured in a chondrogenic media, which increased the rate of wound closure. It was also found that treating the cells with 2μM of any of the cannabinoids lead to a decrease in cell proliferation and ...
https://bradscholars.brad.ac.uk/handle/10454/6316
Acetaminophen is a synthetic cannabinoid - Research ChemicalsAcetaminophen is a synthetic cannabinoid - Research Chemicals
Tylenol/Acetaminophen is a synthetic cannabinoid Its in reality a cannabinoid prodrug. After a few metabolic steps, it reaches the talent and combines with arachidonic acid to shape AM404. Now AM404 is surely a hell of a cannabinoid, and is idea to be responsible for most, if not all of the…
http://www.inquirychemical.com/acetaminophen-is-a-synthetic-cannabinoid/
Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation...Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels. T2 - effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation. AU - De Petrocellis, L. AU - Orlando, P. AU - Moriello, A Schiano. AU - Aviello, G. AU - Stott, C. AU - Izzo, A A. AU - Di Marzo, V. N1 - © 2011 The Authors. Acta Physiologica © 2011 Scandinavian Physiological Society.. PY - 2012/2. Y1 - 2012/2. N2 - AIM: Plant cannabinoids, like Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), activate/desensitize thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels of vanilloid type-1 or -2 (TRPV1 or TRPV2). We investigated whether cannabinoids also activate/desensitize two other thermo-TRPs, the TRP channels of vanilloid type-3 or -4 (TRPV3 or TRPV4), and if the TRPV-inactive cannabichromene (CBC) modifies the expression of TRPV1-4 channels in the gastrointestinal tract.METHODS: TRP activity was assessed by evaluating elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) in rat recombinant TRPV3- and TRPV4-expressing ...
https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cannabinoid-actions-at-trpv-channels-effects-on-trpv3-and-trpv4-a
Cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive cannabinoid compound, inhibits proliferation and invasion in U87-MG and T98G glioma cells...Cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive cannabinoid compound, inhibits proliferation and invasion in U87-MG and T98G glioma cells...
DISCLAIMER: Ganjapreneur.com is intended as an educational resource for law-abiding professionals and those who are curious about entrepreneurial and/or investment opportunities in emerging markets. We do not offer investment advice, and we encourage all visitors and readers to do their own due dilligence before investing in any of the companies or markets that we write about. Be advised that possessing, using, distributing and selling cannabis are all federal crimes in the United States of America and the articles, pages, links, and other types of information on this site are not intended to assist you in violating federal law. Ganjapreneur.com and all associated entities and individuals are not responsible for third party content and/or links published on this website. ...
https://www.ganjapreneur.com/studies/cannabidiol-a-non-psychoactive-cannabinoid-compound-inhibits-proliferation-and-invasion-in-u87-mg-and-t98g-glioma-cells-through-a-multitarget-effect/
Cannabinoids Can Treat Acute Lung Injury, According to New Study - TheJointBlogCannabinoids Can Treat Acute Lung Injury, According to New Study - TheJointBlog
A new study published by the National Institute of Health has found that cannabinoids can be an effective treatment for acute lung injury.
https://thejointblog.com/cannabinoids-can-treat-acute-lung-injury-according-new-study/
Immunology] Re: Endogenous and Exogenous Cannabinoids Modulate InflammationImmunology] Re: Endogenous and Exogenous Cannabinoids Modulate Inflammation
CB 2 agonists demonstrate remarkable anti inflammatory properties but , your , idea of receptor attraction has some merit, at least with respect to the , CB , 1 receptor. I recall an old study wherein they found that cannabis , tolerance , was proportional to the level of receptor retraction from the cell , surface. I wonder if, as with mu opioid tolerance, this effect is mediated by a PKC. Would inhibiting that PKC result in elevation of cannabinoid receptor levels? Also, B-cell proliferation appears to be partly under the regulation of a CB, although the research hasnt clarified it well yet. Ive always wondered if the way loss of gut bacteria knocks out the mu opioid and cannabinoid receptors of the gut wasnt also kicking antibody/B-cell production into needless overdrive (hence the use of B-cell depletion agents in autoimmune condition). , This does raise some worrying questions with respect to the chronic , ingestion of the same but the studies tend to find little ill effects. , ...
http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/immuno/2007-June/018001.html
Synthetic Cannabinoids: Growing Side Effects Make Now a Great Time to Stay Away | LeaflySynthetic Cannabinoids: Growing Side Effects Make Now a Great Time to Stay Away | Leafly
Learn about the differences between synthetic cannabinoids vs real cannabis, and find out why synthetic is so dangerous and can even cause death.
https://www.leafly.com/news/health/legal-synthetic-cannabinoids-side-effects-deaths/print
Immunology] Re: Endogenous and Exogenous Cannabinoids Modulate InflammationImmunology] Re: Endogenous and Exogenous Cannabinoids Modulate Inflammation
Thanks Kofi, interesting stuff. CB 2 agonists demonstrate remarkable anti inflammatory properties but your idea of receptor attraction has some merit, at least with respect to the CB 1 receptor. I recall an old study wherein they found that cannabis tolerance was proportional to the level of receptor retraction from the cell surface. This does raise some worrying questions with respect to the chronic ingestion of the same but the studies tend to find little ill effects. Cannabidol, the non-psychoactive form, strikes me as an excellent target for therapeutic potential. A recent news release about some research indicated that topical application of THC, which does ligand to the CB 2, had strong anti-allergic effects, sufficient to warrant clinical trials. This is entirely concordant with other studies showing that CB 2 activation down regulates excessive inflamation being driven by innate immune responses. Thanks, John. Kofi ,kofi from anon.un, wrote in message news:kofi-59A74F.20025514062007 ...
http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/immuno/2007-June/018000.html
Endocannabinoid turnover and function - Nottingham ePrintsEndocannabinoid turnover and function - Nottingham ePrints
The use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor (CBR) ligands for therapeutic use has provided problems regarding the natural endogenous regulatory tone of the eCBs, which in turn has resulted in unwanted side effects. Part of the reason of this is due to synthetic agonists producing the well documented psychotropic effects at CB t receptors. Alternative targets for the manipulation of the eCB system for therapeutic benefits have been explored. One remains to be the use of FAAH inhibitors, which in turn potentially increase levels of eCBs in the system, hence potentiating their effects at the CBRs, or at other receptor sites. Therefore we have developed two HTS assays for the identification of potential inhibitors of FAAH and MAGL. They prove to be robust, cheap and facile and provide a clear indication of inhibitable levels of FAAH and MAGL activity. The FAAH assay can be further used to establish concentration-response curves of initial `hit compounds. Yet, the HTS MAGL assay requires further ...
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12625/
Some Terpene facts you might have missed out - Rare TerpenesSome Terpene facts you might have missed out - Rare Terpenes
The term Terpene is not new in the market. Still, very few people are aware of its existence. Terpenes are organic compounds found in cannabis plants that give them flavor and fragrance. Now its easier to understand why every cannabis plant has a unique flavor and aroma. Youll be surprised to know that over 100 different Terpenes strains have already been identified in the cannabis plant and have their unique composition. Some strains produce a citrusy aroma, some smell like lavender, while others can smell more earthy and pungent.. Cannabis has a unique smell. Most people find it calming and enjoyable. This is all because of the Terpene strains that are packed in the sticky glands of the cannabis plant. They are the reason that cannabis plants get such a distinctive smell. This substance has two primary roles in every plants life: to protect the flowers from predators and to produce resin. The terpenes are a good fit for medical and beauty products. When we study the term organic terpenes, ...
https://rareterpenes.com/some-terpene-facts-you-might-have-missed-out/
schizophrenia | CED Foundationschizophrenia | CED Foundation
Comparing dopaminergic dynamics in the dorsolateral striatum between adolescent and adult rats- Effect of an acute dose of WIN55212-2. Brief summary: A recent study has exposed an age-dependent mechanism within the dopaminergic system that relies on cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1). Adult and adolescent dopamine levels were examined in the presence of a CB1 agonist and increased levels of extracellular dopamine were found in adolescents. This study reveals the different effects cannabis-based medicine has depended on the age of the patient and warrants future research to ensure cannabis has the desired therapeutic effect on patients. Dr Caplan Discussion Points:. This adds a helpful layer of insight to the way an animal model of dopamine changes over time, as well as its interaction with exogenous cannabinoids. This sheds light on the natural evolution of the dopamine control system (irrespective of how it interacts with endocannabinoids), and it also points to how cannabinoids may be ...
http://www.cedfoundation.com/tag/schizophrenia/
admin, Author at Use CBD for Painadmin, Author at Use CBD for Pain
CBD For Back Pain For thousands of years, the cannabis plant has been used to alleviate different types of pain that affect the body. After the discovery of CBD, the cannabinoid present in the cannabis plant, we have understood that CBD and other cannabinoids in the cannabis plant are responsible for its pain-relieving effects. CBD is ...
https://usecbdforpain.com/author/admin/
Other than THC and CBD, how much is known about cannabinoid treatments? | Naked Science ForumOther than THC and CBD, how much is known about cannabinoid treatments? | Naked Science Forum
Hi, I am learning about how cannabinoids work and different effects they may have on humans and animals. I know THC and, to a lesser extent, CBD have been...
https://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php?topic=74980.msg555536
L-759,656 - WikipediaL-759,656 - Wikipedia
L-759,656 is an analgesic drug that is a cannabinoid agonist. It is a highly selective agonist for the CB2 receptor, with selectivity of 414x for CB2 over CB1,[1] although it is still not as selective as newer agents such as HU-308. It produces some similar effects to other cannabinoid agonists such as analgesia, but with little or no sedative or psychoactive effects due to its weak CB1 activity, and a relatively strong antiinflammatory effect due to its strong activity at CB2.[2][3] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-759,656
Phytocannabinoid Drops 1200 - SatiMed Online StorePhytocannabinoid Drops 1200 - SatiMed Online Store
SatiMed Phytocannabinoid Plus Formula - Hemp Oil Paste 1200 mg CBD - 4% CBD - Full Spectrum phytocannabinoids. High quality and scientifically tested Hemp Oil.
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L-759,633 - WikipediaL-759,633 - Wikipedia
L-759,633 is an analgesic drug that is a cannabinoid agonist. It is a fairly selective agonist for the CB2 receptor, with selectivity of 163x for CB2 over CB1.[1] It produces some similar effects to other cannabinoid agonists such as analgesia, but with little or no sedative or psychoactive effects due to its weak CB1 activity, and a relatively strong antiinflammatory effect due to its strong activity at CB2.[2][3] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-759,633
Researchers photograph active ingredient in cannabis plants - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comResearchers photograph active ingredient in cannabis plants - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
Researchers from the University of Twentes MESA+ and MIRA research institutes have succeeded in visualizing THC, the active ingredient of cannabis, in intact plant structures. The substance is mainly found in trichomes (fine outgrowths) and in the small leaves around the flowers of the cannabis plant. Little or no THC is present in the stems and flowers. While these findings are not new, the study carried out by these researchers has shown their method (hyperspectral CARS Microscopy) to be a powerful tool for investigating the medicinal properties of plants. An article describing this research was published today in a scientific journal, the Journal of Biomedical Optics.. Plants have developed a range of mechanisms for synthesizing substances that happen to have medicinal properties. These mechanisms are often better or more efficient than those available to us in the lab. If we can find out how and where plants produce the requisite materials, we may be able to imitate nature. Using ...
https://www.healthcanal.com/substance-abuse/37842-researchers-photograph-active-ingredient-in-cannabis-plants.html
Topical Applications for Cannabinoids On the Rise - Thats Natural!Topical Applications for Cannabinoids On the Rise - Thats Natural!
One of the most exciting applications for cannabinoids from the non-psychoactive hemp/cannabis plant are those that are topical. Shown to have anti-inflammatory effects - topical lotions, salves, and patches are hitting the marketplace - providing pain relief to people who want to try natural plant-based alternatives. From chiroeco.com -
https://thatsnatural.info/2016/07/27/topical-applications-for-cannabinoids-on-the-rise/
Scientists Develop Cannabis Plant That Does Not Leave Users StonedScientists Develop Cannabis Plant That Does Not Leave Users Stoned
Medical marijuana could be set for a revolution after scientists claimed that they have managed to develop a cannabis plant that does not leave the users stoned .
http://www.medindia.net/news/scientists-develop-cannabis-plant-that-does-not-leave-users-stoned-102156-1.htm
The overview of existing knowledge on medical cannabis plants growing | Plant, Soil and EnvironmentThe overview of existing knowledge on medical cannabis plants growing | Plant, Soil and Environment
The overview of existing knowledge on medical cannabis plants growing | Matěj Malík, Jiří Velechovský, Pavel Tlustoš | Agricultural Journals
https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/web/pse.htm?type=article&id=96_2021-PSE
Your Cannabis Plant Nutrient Deficiency Guide | LeaflyYour Cannabis Plant Nutrient Deficiency Guide | Leafly
Learn about nutrient deficiency in cannabis plants including what essential nutrients can prevent it, symptoms associated with their absence, and more.
https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/sick-cannabis-plant-nutrient-deficiencies
Browsing Research Institutes and Centres by Author Roche, MichelleBrowsing Research Institutes and Centres by Author Roche, Michelle
The endogenous cannabinoid system plays an important role in regulating the immune system. Modulation of endogenous cannabinoids represents an attractive alternative for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. This study ...
https://aran.library.nuigalway.ie/xmlui/handle/10379/23/browse?value=Roche%2C+Michelle&type=author
Browsing Research Institutes and Centres by Author Kelly, John P.Browsing Research Institutes and Centres by Author Kelly, John P.
The endogenous cannabinoid system plays an important role in regulating the immune system. Modulation of endogenous cannabinoids represents an attractive alternative for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. This study ...
https://aran.library.nuigalway.ie/xmlui/handle/10379/23/browse?value=Kelly%2C+John+P.&type=author
Prenatal cannabinoid exposure induces significant vasoconstriction in the fetal brain - posted by Biophotonics.World at...Prenatal cannabinoid exposure induces significant vasoconstriction in the fetal brain - posted by Biophotonics.World at...
Tags: pregnancy, marijuana, medicinal, recreational, legalization, easy access, abuse, thc, fetoplacental barrier, brain development.
https://www.biophotonics.world/magazine/article/839/prenatal-cannabinoid-exposure-induces-significant-vasoconstriction-in-the-fetal-brain
fatty acid Archives - BTV Newsfatty acid Archives - BTV News
FSD Pharma is a specialty biotech pharmaceutical research and development company. Theyre focusing on building synthetic cannabinoid compounds that target the endocannabinoid system of ...
https://www.b-tv.com/fatty-acid/
Pharmacokinetic properties of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and of its metabolites in serum after inhalation. - PubMed -...Pharmacokinetic properties of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and of its metabolites in serum after inhalation. - PubMed -...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28365515
Buy FUB-144
FUB-144 sold online at researchchemvendor.com has a full IUPAC name of (1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone which belongs to a class of synthetic cannabinoids research chemicals.. FUB-144 might be a potent cannabinoid agonist at the CB1 and CB2 receptors.. FUB-144 is ready to be shipped within 24 hours after payment has been confirmed.. ...
https://researchchemvendor.com/?attachment_id=567
The Dose Makes The Poison: May 2014The Dose Makes The Poison: May 2014
No analytical confirmation of synthetic cannabinoids have been presented to the media or published elsewhere for these cases, but I would expect that they are diligently working on this behind the scenes. Of course this is just speculation, but I wouldnt be surprised that this is the work of one of the newer generation synthetic cannabinoids such as AB-PINACA, AB-CHMINACA, or maybe even a PB-22 derivative such as FDU-PB-22. I only know of a lab or two that routinely tests for some of these newer compounds in blood, let alone urine specimens. Also, considering the cat-and-mouse games that are played with these drugs, there may be (and probably is) a new cannabinoid on the scene which we arent even aware. We must always remember that we know very little (if anything) about the chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of these compounds used in herbal incese/potpourri blends. ...
http://dosemakespoison.blogspot.com/2014/05/
The Dose Makes The Poison: 2013The Dose Makes The Poison: 2013
An interesting feature of these newer synthetic cannabinoids is the ester or amide linkages. These linkages were not included in the earlier waves of cannabinoid compounds (i.e. JWH-018 → AM-2201 → UR-144...) as they contained the simple ketone linkage. The ester linkage is seen in the quinolinyl carboxylate derivative compounds such as PB-22, 5F-PB-22 and BB-22, while the amide linkage is seen the many of these newer substances such as the various ADBs, PINACAs, and FUBINACAs. Regarding these amide-containing cannabinoids (structures referenced in the figure above in red-color and in a previous blog post here), the amide linkage can be very susceptible to hydrolysis reactions. In the case of the two compounds related to the Colorado cases, possible in vivo amide hydrolysis would lead to formation of a carboxylic acid and an amine. Could this amine be active in the body? Possibly. ...
http://dosemakespoison.blogspot.com/2013/
Testicular Translocator Protein Expression is Differentially Altered by Synthetic Cannabinoid HU210 in Adult and Adolescent...Testicular Translocator Protein Expression is Differentially Altered by Synthetic Cannabinoid HU210 in Adult and Adolescent...
Objective: The translocator protein (TSPO) has been implicated in numerous functions including steroid production and regulation of stress and anxiety. Cannabinoids have ..
https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/testicular-translocator-protein-expression-in-adult-and-adolescent-rats-2155-6105-5-198.php?aid=32288
how to get your paystubs online from cracker barrel | Max amount oxycodone script deahow to get your paystubs online from cracker barrel | Max amount oxycodone script dea
11 Jan 2011. Crackerbarrel pay stubs Labcorp k 2 synthetic cannabinoid drug test , Success low beta. Mcafee web gateway wccp. Ritalin... Blog.cz - Stačí otevřít a budeš v obraze.
http://tfrt.blog.cz/1111/how-to-get-your-paystubs-online-from-cracker-barrel
GWs Sativex shines in neuropathic pain trial - PharmaTimes
It was good news for GW Pharmaceuticals yesterday, after The International Association of the Study of Pain published the results of a study showing that its cannabinoid-based drug Sativex is effective in treating patients with peripheral neuropathic pain. - News - PharmaTimes
http://www.pharmatimes.com/news/gws_sativex_shines_in_neuropathic_pain_trial_991352
Food and Medicine Freedom - What This Means - Thats Natural!Food and Medicine Freedom - What This Means - Thats Natural!
At Thats Natural, we believe it is your natural and constitutional right to use natural, plant-based medicines. Non-psychoactive cannabinoids, like CBD (stands for Cannabidiol) have been studied in the past two decades, and the research is showing many potential positive applications. From The Huffington Post: Cannabidiol is a cannabis compound without the psychoactive effects of THC.…
https://thatsnatural.info/2016/07/21/food-and-medicine-freedom-what-this-means/
Verdure Delta 8 Slurricane (Indica) 850mg Vape Cartridge | Pharm to Farm MarketVerdure Delta 8 Slurricane (Indica) 850mg Vape Cartridge | Pharm to Farm Market
PLEASE NOTE: This product could induce psychoactive effects, please consult with a doctor before using this product. What is Delta 8? Delta-8-THC is chemically different from delta-9-THC by only a few atomic bonds and still offers a potent high of its own. Delta-8 THC is found in small percentages in the hemp plant, but not enough to extract. It is made by converting hemp derived CBD into Delta-8-THC. Is it legal? Yes! According to the 2018 Farm Bill, all derivatives of hemp (cannabinoids, analogs, etc.) are completely legal in the United States as long as they do not contain more than .3% Delta 9 THC. Hemp derived Delta 8 THC is compliant with the 2018 farm bill. This product contains less than 0.3% Delta 9 THC. This product could induce psychoactive effects, please consult with a doctor before using this product. Do not operate vehicles or heavy machinery. Statements on this site have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Our products are not intended to diagnose, treat,
https://www.pharmtofarmmarket.com/product/verdure-delta-8-slurricane-indica-850mg-vape-cartridge/323
Concerned about detecting synthetic cannabinoids? You will need to expand your drug testing. | United States Drug Testing...Concerned about detecting synthetic cannabinoids? You will need to expand your drug testing. | United States Drug Testing...
A Forensic Drug Testing Laboratory Accredited by The College of American Pathologists.. © 2020 United States Drug Testing Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ...
https://www.usdtl.com/blog/concerned-about-detecting-synthetic-cannabinoids-you-will-need-to-expand-your-drug-testing
Plus itPlus it
The four main findings of this study are as follows: (1) the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 induced conditioned place aversion; (2) WIN 55,212-2 suppressed spontaneous locomotor activity given at doses of 2.0 and 10.0 mg/kg; (3) animals experienced a significant weight loss during treatment with the doses of 2.0 and 10.0 mg/kg of the cannabinoid agonist and during the following 14 d; and (4) rats with an extended background of EtOH self-administration and treated with WIN 55,212-2 during alcohol deprivation showed a long-lasting increase in their responding for alcohol. In contrast, when the animals passed periods of abstinence only from alcohol, they only showed a temporary increase in their EtOH consumption. This last finding is in agreement with most studies (Heyser et al., 1998, 2003; Rodd-Henricks et al., 2000; Samson et al., 2001; Serra et al., 2002; Cowen et al., 2003; Vengeliene et al., 2003).. In our study, like others (McGregor et al., 1996; Sañudo-Peña et al., 1997; Chaperon et ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/24/38/8245
India Globalization Capital, Inc. (NYSE: IGC) Growth Potential Fueled by Phytocannabinoid Treatments - CannabisNewsWire
Hyalolex for Alzheimers and other cannabis-based drugs for pain, epilepsy, and more are raising the market valuation growth potential for IGC Phytocannabinoids target protein receptors in the brain, peripheral nervous system and other parts of the body, including the lungs, liver, and other organs Cannabidiol makes up as much as 40 percent of cannabis-plant extract…
https://cannabisnewswire.news/2017/08/31/india-globalization-capital-inc-nyse-igc-growth-potential-fueled-by-phytocannabinoid-treatments/
BRID | Top Stocks For 2018
By James E. Brumley] In mid-September, Vitality Biopharma Inc (OTCMKTS:VBIO) announced it was going to take aim at the development of an alternative to opioids as a means of treating pain. At the time, there was little doubt that the companys cannabinoid science was capable of doing so. What wasnt clear to VBIO shareholders was exactly how that might happen…. meaning what sort of drug might Vitality Biopharma come up with. We got the first of what will likely be several answers to the question today. Per todays press release, Vitality Biopharma intends to come up with a treatment for narcotic bowel syndrome, which is a severe form of (ironically enough) opiate-induced abdominal pain.. As a refresher, Vitality Biopharma was the name we introduced to you back on August 8th, pointing out it had developed a whole new way of making cannabinoid-based medicines. Their versions offer all the upsides of cannabinoids, but without the psychotropic (getting high) effects, and without some of the ...
http://beststocks2016.com/tag/brid/
Cannabis Science and Free Spirit Organics Native American Corporation (FSO NAC) Begin Harvesting Approximately 60 Acres of its...Cannabis Science and Free Spirit Organics Native American Corporation (FSO NAC) Begin Harvesting Approximately 60 Acres of its...
Cannabis Science, Inc. (OTC PINK: CBIS), a U.S. company specializing in the development of cannabinoid-based medicines, and Free Spirit Organics Native American
http://www.einpresswire.com/article/398475340/cannabis-science-and-free-spirit-organics-native-american-corporation-fso-nac-begin-harvesting-approximately-60-acres-of-its-250-acre-industrial
American Medical Association reverses - supports removing marijuana from Schedule 1 « Drug WarRantAmerican Medical Association reverses - supports removing marijuana from Schedule 1 « Drug WarRant
Nick, this could also be seen as payback.. The DEA has been terrorizing pain doctors for over a decade now. Im quite sure that it has crossed the awareness of the AMA that by doing this, they have set in motion the machinery that could, in essence, destroy the DEA. For as everyone with three brain cells to click together knows, cannabis prohibition is the lynch-pin of drug prohibition en toto, and if that lynch-pin is removed, the entire train will come to a screeching halt.. This can only go in one direction, now. …facilitating the conduct of clinical research and development of cannabinoid-based medicines,…. Despite its disclaimer, the AMA, by doing this, has thrown the gauntlet. The AMAs demand for this kind of research is a sword aimed directly at the ONDCPs and the DEAs necks, for its as clear a challenge as can be made to the political power of the DEA by demanding that science instead of politics play a role in determining policy, which is exactly what Prez Obama said he ...
http://www.drugwarrant.com/2009/11/ama-supports-schedule-change/
Pharmacogenetics of Cannabinoids | SpringerLinkPharmacogenetics of Cannabinoids | SpringerLink
Although the application of medical marijuana and cannabinoid drugs is controversial, it is a part of modern-day medicine. The list of diseases in which cannabinoids are promoted as a treatment is...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13318-017-0416-z
FAQ - CannovexFAQ - Cannovex
F.A.Q. Frequently asked questions Cannabis, medicinal cannabis, cannabis-based medicine, cannabinoids, cannabinoid-based medicine,… terminology may lead to confusion. Cannovex aims to bring more clarity on this matter and has developed concise answers to a number of frequently asked questions.Cannovex has made an exhaustive inventory and an in-depth analysis of scientific articles published in international journals on…
https://cannovex.com/faq/
Therapix Biosciences Ltd. Announces Full Exercise of Underwriters Over-Allotment OptionTherapix Biosciences Ltd. Announces Full Exercise of Underwriters Over-Allotment Option
Therapix Biosciences Ltd. (NASDAQ: TRPX, TASE: TRPX) , a specialty clinical-stage pharmaceutical company specializing in the development of cannabinoid-based drugs, today announced
http://www.medindia.net/health-press-release/Therapix-Biosciences-Ltd-Announces-Full-Exercise-of-Underwriters-Over-Allotment-Option-322541-1.htm
Synthetic cannabinoidsSynthetic cannabinoids
Because synthetic cannabinoid molecular structures differ from THC and other illegal cannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids were ... Synthetic cannabinoids were made for cannabinoid research focusing on tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinoid receptors, and ... There are five major categories for synthetic cannabinoids: classical cannabinoids, non-classical cannabinoids, hybrid ... making synthetic cannabinoids designer drugs. Most synthetic cannabinoids are agonists of the cannabinoid receptors. They have ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_cannabinoids
Hops and cannabinoidsHops and cannabinoids
"Complete biosynthesis of cannabinoids and their unnatural analogues in yeast" (PDF), Nature, 567 (7746): 123-126, Bibcode: ... Cannabinoids, Humulus, All stub articles, Cannabis stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hops_and_cannabinoids
List of CP cannabinoidsList of CP cannabinoids
List of AM cannabinoids List of HU cannabinoids List of JWH cannabinoids List of miscellaneous designer cannabinoids (Articles ... Many synthetic cannabinoids were designed by Pfizer in the 1970s and 1980s, and feature an alphanumeric code beginning with the ... CP 55,940 is a widely used cannabinoid research tool. (+)-CP 55,940 - (-)-CP 55,940 - CP-945,598 (Otenabant) - ... prefix "CP" (after Charles Pfizer). Recently, several members of this class of cannabinoids have been discovered in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_CP_cannabinoids
List of JWH cannabinoidsList of JWH cannabinoids
List of AM cannabinoids List of CP cannabinoids List of HU cannabinoids List of miscellaneous designer cannabinoids Ki is the ... The Cannabinoid Receptors. The Receptors. 2009. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-503-9. ISBN 978-1-58829-712-9. (Articles with short ... Classification of cannabinoid receptors". Pharmacological Reviews. 54 (2): 161-202. doi:10.1124/pr.54.2.161. PMID 12037135. ... Marriott KS, Huffman JW (2008). "Recent advances in the development of selective ligands for the cannabinoid CB(2) receptor". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_JWH_cannabinoids
CannabinoidCannabinoid
Two known cannabinoid receptors are termed CB1 and CB2, with mounting evidence of more. The human brain has more cannabinoid ... The mixture of cannabinoids produced by a plant is known as the plant's cannabinoid profile. Selective breeding has been used ... At least 113 different cannabinoids have been isolated from the Cannabis plant. To the right, the main classes of cannabinoids ... Newer compounds are no longer related to natural cannabinoids or are based on the structure of the endogenous cannabinoids. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoid
List of miscellaneous designer cannabinoidsList of miscellaneous designer cannabinoids
List of AM cannabinoids List of CP cannabinoids List of HU cannabinoids List of JWH cannabinoids Banister, S. D.; Moir, M.; ... Since the first synthetic cannabinoids were discovered in recreational drug products in 2008, new synthetic cannabinoids with ... These unprecedented synthetic cannabinoids often feature alphanumeric code names intended to mimic the style of chemical ... AB-001 - one of the earliest adamantane derivatives discovered as a designer cannabinoid. AB-001 was unknown in the scientific ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_miscellaneous_designer_cannabinoids
Structural scheduling of synthetic cannabinoidsStructural scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids
To combat the illicit synthetic cannabinoid industry many jurisdictions have created a system to control these cannabinoids ... "Further consideration of the synthetic cannabinoids. ACMD, 2012" (PDF). "Third generation synthetic cannabinoids. ACMD, 2014" ( ... Part I. Synthetic cannabinoids (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry 2018; 90(8):1256-1279. doi:10.1515/pac-2017 ... One specific example given is JWH-018, one of the earliest synthetic cannabinoids identified. Notice the indole ring has an ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_scheduling_of_synthetic_cannabinoids
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndromeCannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
... dose-dependent buildup of cannabinoids and related effects of cannabinoid toxicity the functionality of cannabinoid receptors ... Cannabinoid hyperemesis was first reported in the Adelaide Hills of South Australia in 2004. The name "cannabinoid hyperemesis ... Another cannabinoid called cannabigerol acts as an antagonist at cannabinoid (CB1) and serotonin (5HT1A) receptors, ... A urine drug screen can be useful for objectively determining the presence of cannabinoids in a person's system. Cannabinoid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoid_hyperemesis_syndrome
AM-679 (cannabinoid)AM-679 (cannabinoid)
AM-679 (part of the AM cannabinoid series) is a drug that acts as a moderately potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, ... AM cannabinoids, Iodoarenes, Designer drugs, All stub articles, Cannabinoid stubs). ... AM-679 was first identified as having been sold as a cannabinoid designer drug in Hungary in 2011, along with another novel ... AM-679 was one of the first 3-(2-iodobenzoyl)indole derivatives that was found to have significant cannabinoid receptor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM-679_(cannabinoid)
Cannabinoid receptor antagonistCannabinoid receptor antagonist
A cannabinoid receptor antagonist, also known simply as a cannabinoid antagonist or as an anticannabinoid, is a type of ... The endogenous cannabinoid system includes cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) and enzymes for ... Two types of cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, responsible for the effects of THC were discovered and cloned in the early ... Once cannabinoid receptors had been discovered, it became important to establish whether their agonists occur naturally in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_antagonist
Cannabis and Cannabinoid ResearchCannabis and Cannabinoid Research
... the International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines, and the International Cannabinoid Research Society. Ryan, Kathryn (23 ... Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Mary Ann Liebert since 2016 and " ... "dedicated to the scientific, medical, and psychosocial exploration of clinical cannabis, cannabinoids, and the biochemical ... November 2020). "Association of Cannabis Specialists Names Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research Their Official Journal". Mary Ann ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_and_Cannabinoid_Research
APICA (synthetic cannabinoid drug)APICA (synthetic cannabinoid drug)
Uchiyama N, Kawamura M, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y (2012). "Identification of two new-type synthetic cannabinoids, N-(1- ... August 2015). "Effects of bioisosteric fluorine in synthetic cannabinoid designer drugs JWH-018, AM-2201, UR-144, XLR-11, PB-22 ... is an indole based drug that acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors. It had never previously been reported in ... and detection of five synthetic cannabinoids, AM-1220, AM-2233, AM-1241, CB-13 (CRA-13), and AM-1248, as designer drugs in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APICA_(synthetic_cannabinoid_drug)
Cannabinoid receptor type 2Cannabinoid receptor type 2
The cannabinoid receptor type 2, abbreviated as CB2, is a G protein-coupled receptor from the cannabinoid receptor family that ... Cannabinoid mediated inhibition of these responses may cause a decrease in the perception of noxious-stimuli. Primary research ... Cannabinoid receptor agonists reduce gut motility in IBS patients. Application of CB2-specific antagonists has found that these ... Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CNR2) Human Protein Atlas This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_type_2
Cannabinoid receptor type 1Cannabinoid receptor type 1
... (CB1), also known as cannabinoid receptor 1, is a G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor that in ... Discovery and development of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Antagonists Cannabinoid receptor Cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) GRCh38: ... "Entrez Gene: CNR1 cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)". Demuth DG, Molleman A (January 2006). "Cannabinoid signalling". Life ... "Evidence that the plant cannabinoid Delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin is a cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonist". British ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_type_1
Cannabinoid Research Initiative of SaskatchewanCannabinoid Research Initiative of Saskatchewan
... ' 'Canadian Consortium for the Investigation of Cannabinoids' 'International ... CRIS members participate in the Canadian Consortium for the Investigation of Cannabinoids, and the International Cannabinoid ... "The Canadian Consortium for the Investigation of Cannabinoids". ccic.net. Retrieved 2017-12-27. "The International Cannabinoid ... The Cannabinoid Research Initiative of Saskatchewan (CRIS) was founded in 2017 as an interdisciplinary research team of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoid_Research_Initiative_of_Saskatchewan
Effects of cannabisEffects of cannabis
Cannabinoids and Feeding: The Role of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System as a Trigger for Newborn Suckling Women and Cannabis: ... Cannabinoids produce a "marked depression of motor activity" via activation of neuronal cannabinoid receptors belonging to the ... The binding of cannabinoids to cannabinoid receptors decrease adenylyl cyclase activity, inhibit calcium N channels, and ... It is possible that "cannabinoid receptors in our body interact with the cannabinoids in milk to stimulate a suckling response ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis
JWH-176JWH-176
... is an analgesic drug which acts as a cannabinoid receptor agonist. Its binding affinity at the CB1 receptor is 26.0 nM ... "Cannabinoids". Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol. 168. Springer. p. 269. ISBN 3-540-22565-X. Huffman JW, Padgett LW ( ... This demonstrates that reasonably high-affinity cannabinoid binding and agonist effects can be produced by compounds with no ... JWH cannabinoids, 1-Naphthyl compounds, Indenes, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, CB1 receptor agonists). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JWH-176
11-Nor-9-carboxy-THC11-Nor-9-carboxy-THC
A review of the literature" (PDF). Cannabinoids. 9 (1): 1-8. Burstein S, Hunter SA, Latham V, Renzulli L (April 1987). "A major ... Huestis MA, Henningfield JE, Cone EJ (1992). "Blood cannabinoids. II. Models for the prediction of time of marijuana exposure ... Burstein SH, Hull K, Hunter SA, Latham V (November 1988). "Cannabinoids and pain responses: a possible role for prostaglandins ... 2005). "Assessment of driving capability through the use of clinical and psychomotor tests in relation to blood cannabinoids ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-Nor-9-carboxy-THC
Comparison of phytocannabinoidsComparison of phytocannabinoids
Upon heating, cannabinoid acids decarboxylate to give their psychoactive cannabinoid. For example, Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol ... and other cannabinoids also found in cannabis (often legally sold as cannabinoid isolates) like cannabidiol (CBD), ... The cannabinoids listed here are found in the plant but only in trace amounts. However, they have also been extracted and sold ... All cannabinoids listed here and their acids are found naturally in the plant to varying degrees. Dry-herb vaporizers can be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_phytocannabinoids
Cannabis (drug)Cannabis (drug)
... cannabinoids derived from cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids are also used). The rigorous scientific study of cannabis as a ... Cannabinoids can be extracted from cannabis plant matter using high-proof spirits (often grain alcohol) to create a tincture, ... Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a severe condition seen in some chronic cannabis users where they have repeated bouts ... Raw leaf is not psychoactive because the cannabinoids are in the form of carboxylic acids.[citation needed] THC is one of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)
TetrahydrocannabinolTetrahydrocannabinol
Cannabis portal Chemistry portal Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) Cannabinoids 11-Hydroxy-THC, metabolite of THC ... synthetic cannabinoid agonists (neocannabinoids) Nabilone, a novel synthetic cannabinoid analog (neocannabinoid) Parahexyl ... Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids, Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabidiol and Cannabinol. Cannabinoids. ... 2015). "Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". JAMA. 313 (24): 2456-73. doi:10.1001/jama. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol
Delta-3-TetrahydrocannabinolDelta-3-Tetrahydrocannabinol
Srebnik M, Lander N, Breuer A, Mechoulam R (1984). "Base-catalysed double-bond isomerizations of cannabinoids: structural and ... "Cannabinoids. 1. 1-Amino- and 1-mercapto-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo [b,d]pyrans". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 20 (1): ... Cannabinoids, Heterocyclic compounds with 3 rings, All stub articles, Pharmacology stubs). ... behavioral activity studies of cannabinoids". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 25 (5): 596-9. doi:10.1021/jm00347a021. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-3-Tetrahydrocannabinol
Lester GrinspoonLester Grinspoon
"Sensiblewashington.org Domain Acquired By Global Cannabinoid". Global Cannabinoids , CBD Wholesale & Bulk , White Label , ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester_Grinspoon
Glossary of cannabis termsGlossary of cannabis terms
Two types of cannabinoid receptors have been discovered, including cannabinoid receptor type 1 and cannabinoid receptor type 2 ... See cannabinoids.] cannabinoid receptors Parts of the endocannabinoid system located in cells throughout the body that are ... See cannabinoids.] Thai stick A variety of cannabis flowers from Thailand tied together around a stick. [See cannabis strains ... See cannabinoids.] Cannabis Latin, or scientific name for the entire plant hemp, legally named marijuana, marihuana, ganja or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_cannabis_terms
11-Hydroxy-THC11-Hydroxy-THC
Huestis MA, Henningfield JE, Cone EJ (1992). "Blood cannabinoids. I. Absorption of THC and formation of 11-OH-THC and THCCOOH ... Stout SM, Cimino NM (February 2014). "Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing ... Huestis MA (2005). "Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the plant cannabinoids, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and ... Grotenhermen F (2003). "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 42 (4): 327-360. doi ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-Hydroxy-THC
AminoalkylindoleAminoalkylindole
... s (AAIs) are a family of cannabinergic compound that act as a cannabinoid receptor agonist. They were invented ... Emmanuel S. Onaivi (2006). Marijuana and Cannabinoid Research: Methods and Protocols. Springer. pp. 128-. ISBN 978-1-59259-999- ... "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Five Synthetic Cannabinoids Into Schedule I". Federal Register. 2011 ... 8. "Synthetic Cannabinoids". American Association for Clinical Chemistry. 2013-02-01. Retrieved 2013-11-17. " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoalkylindole
Cannabis in IndiaCannabis in India
Ethan Russo (2006). Raphael Mechoulam (ed.). Cannabis in India: ancient lore and modern medicine (PDF). Cannabinoids as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_India
Schizoaffective disorderSchizoaffective disorder
A 2009 Yale review stated that in individuals with an established psychotic disorder, cannabinoids can exacerbate symptoms, ... Sewell RA, Ranganathan M, D'Souza DC (April 2009). "Cannabinoids and psychosis". International Review of Psychiatry. 21 (2): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizoaffective_disorder
Geoffrey GuyGeoffrey Guy
In 2004 he was co-editor of The Medicinal Uses of Cannabis and Cannabinoids. In 2006, he co-authored a paper titled "A tale of ... Co-authored) Russo, Ethan; Guy, Geoffrey W. (2006). "A tale of two cannabinoids: the therapeutic rationale for combining ... "The Medicinal of Cannabis and Cannabinoids". mscare.org. Archived from the original on 11 August 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021 ... Its principal active components are the cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) in a ratio of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Guy
SeizureSeizure
Gloss D, Vickrey B (March 2014). "Cannabinoids for epilepsy". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (3): CD009270. doi ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizure
About synthetic cannabinoids | NCEH | CDCAbout synthetic cannabinoids | NCEH | CDC
Many synthetic cannabinoids are illegal.. *The federal government has banned many specific synthetic cannabinoids. Many state ... Synthetic cannabinoids can harm your health.. Synthetic cannabinoids can cause severe illness and death.. Synthetic ... Synthetic cannabinoids are not one drug. Hundreds of different synthetic cannabinoid chemicals are manufactured and sold. New ... Synthetic cannabinoids are widely available.. Consumers can buy synthetic cannabinoids in convenience stores, from individual ...
https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/hsb/chemicals/sc/About.html
Browsing by Subject CannabinoidsBrowsing by Subject "Cannabinoids"
JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...
https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?authority=Cannabinoids&type=mesh
cannabinoids | ScienceBlogscannabinoids | ScienceBlogs
... in this case a class of molecules known as cannabinoids. Second, although medical marijuana might… ...
https://www.scienceblogs.com/tag/cannabinoids
Cannabinoids in Medicine: Limitless Hope or Hype?Cannabinoids in Medicine: Limitless Hope or Hype?
What is the role of cannabinoids as an intoxicant and in medical applications today? This was the question addressed by Dieter ... Cite this: Cannabinoids in Medicine: LimitlessHope or Hype? - Medscape - May 12, 2022. ... Regardless of the type of substance-dependent addiction - whether alcohol, opiates, nicotine, or cannabinoids - the brain ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/973874
Cannabinoids and the BrainCannabinoids and the Brain
A review of the scientific evidence on the effects of cannabinoids on brain and behavioral functioning, with an emphasis on ... In this book, Linda Parker offers a review of the scientific evidence on the effects of cannabinoids on brain and behavioral ... Linda Parker is recognized by many of her academic peers as an eminent cannabinoid scientist. The book provides a great read ... A review of the scientific evidence on the effects of cannabinoids on brain and behavioral functioning, with an emphasis on ...
https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262536608/
Cannabinoids for pain and nausea | The BMJ
This is an exciting time for cannabinoid research. The discovery of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (expressed by central and ... 4 5 Cannabinoids have been suggested to have therapeutic value as analgesics and in various conditions, including migraine ... Cannabinoids for pain and nausea Some evidence but is there any need? ... Cannabinoids for pain and nausea. BMJ 2001; 323 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7303.2 (Published 07 July 2001) Cite this ...
https://www.bmj.com/content/323/7303/2
Drug interactions with cannabinoids | CMAJDrug interactions with cannabinoids | CMAJ
Drug interactions with cannabinoids. Tony Antoniou, Jack Bodkin and Joanne M.-W. Ho ...
https://www.cmaj.ca/content/192/9/E206/tab-figures-data
synthetic cannabinoids - Hstodaysynthetic cannabinoids - Hstoday
CBP Officers and Scientists Identify Two New Synthetic Cannabinoid Analogues. Homeland Security Today - March 2, 2022. ...
https://www.hstoday.us/tag/synthetic-cannabinoids/
Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 7369 : Antibacterial cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa: a structure-activity study : Appendino G,...Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 7369 : Antibacterial cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa: a structure-activity study : Appendino G,...
Rahman MM Antibacterial cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa: a structure-activity study J Nat Prod 2008 71(8):1427-30 ... abnormal cannabinoids), and to carboxylation of the resorcinyl moiety (pre-cannabinoids). Conversely, methylation and ... All five major cannabinoids (cannabidiol (1b), cannabichromene (2), cannabigerol (3b), Delta (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (4b), and ... Taken together, these observations suggest that the prenyl moiety of cannabinoids serves mainly as a modulator of lipid ...
https://www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?ID=7369&S=Smith_E&SField=Author
Browsing by Subject CannabinoidsBrowsing by Subject "Cannabinoids"
JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=en&type=mesh&authority=Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids | SciVeeCannabinoids | SciVee
Daniele Piomelli, PhD. - Another approach was discussed by D. Piomelli (University of California, Irvine). URB 597, an inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), is expected to increase anandamide signaling and is being currently clinically tested in the therapy of pain. An increase in anandamide signaling may also be useful in the therapy of depression. This is a novel approach to the development of antidepressants. The signaling can be enhanced by blocking anadamide metabolism or by inhibiting anandamide reuptake. Piomelli considers blockade of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) a promising approach. It is conceivable that drugs acting by this mechanism will be effective in patients resistant to the currently available antidepressants.
http://www.scivee.tv/node/9802/
High on Beauty: Cannabinoids 101High on Beauty: Cannabinoids 101
... but Im behind the curve when it comes to cannabinoids and hemp-based beauty products. So for those of you who, like me, need a ...
https://www.theroot.com/high-on-beauty-cannabinoids-101-1825413168
My experience of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS)My experience of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS)
I lost my son Brian to cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). This is the story of Brians death from CHS. ... Through my eyes: Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). There is a new condition that is affecting marijuana users at a ... This dehydration can lead to a type of kidney failure that experts refer to as cannabinoid hyperemesis acute renal failure, and ... The official cause of death was dehydration due to cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. ...
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326357
Cannabinoids | Hemp Industries AssociationCannabinoids | Hemp Industries Association
Review: Oral Cannabinoids Reduce Feelings of Acute Pain - NORMLReview: Oral Cannabinoids Reduce Feelings of Acute Pain - NORML
Full text of the study, "Cannabinoids in the management of acute pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis," appears in ... "Our review highlights the need for further research to investigate the optimal route and composition of cannabinoids in the ... Authors of the review concluded that cannabinoids possess "a statistically significant treatment effect" in acute pain patients ... according to a review of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials published in the journal Cannabis and Cannabinoid ...
https://norml.org/news/2021/01/21/review-oral-cannabinoids-reduce-feelings-of-acute-pain/
Antibiotics | Free Full-Text | The Antimicrobial Activity of CannabinoidsAntibiotics | Free Full-Text | The Antimicrobial Activity of Cannabinoids
This paper seeks to review the research to date on cannabinoids in this context, including an analysis of structure– ... Its bioactivity is largely due to a class of compounds known as cannabinoids. Recently, these natural products and their ... Cannabinoids bind to cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 in humans [11], and are distributed throughout the body, including in ... Farha and co-workers evaluated several cannabinoid analogs against MRSA USA300 and E. coli [65]. Several common cannabinoids ( ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/7/406
Effect of sublingual application of cannabinoids on intraocular pressure: a pilot studyEffect of sublingual application of cannabinoids on intraocular pressure: a pilot study
... J Glaucoma. 2006 Oct;15(5):349-53. doi ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16988594/
Spotlight on… Synthetic cannabinoids | www.emcdda.europa.euSpotlight on… Synthetic cannabinoids | www.emcdda.europa.eu
What are synthetic cannabinoids?. Synthetic cannabinoids (or synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists) is the name given to a ... Typically, synthetic cannabinoids are sold as herbal smoking mixtures. Synthetic cannabinoids have also been distributed as ... Synthetic cannabinoids are attractive to these groups because they produce strong intoxication at a relatively low price, and, ... Many of the synthetic cannabinoids sold on the drug market are more potent than THC. This may explain why the harmful effects ...
https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/spotlights/synthetic-cannabinoids_en
Synthetic Cannabinoids | GreenMedInfo | Keyword | Natural MedicineSynthetic Cannabinoids | GreenMedInfo | Keyword | Natural Medicine
A synthetic cannabinoid inhibited CXCL12-induced migration and invasive properties of breast cancer cells.Dec 31, 2010. ... The criminalization of cannabis has lead to the creation of a synthetic cannabinoid analogue black market that is far more ... A case report of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis triggered by toxic effect of synthetic cannabinoid black mamba.Apr 21, ... 2 Abstracts with Synthetic Cannabinoids Research. Filter by Study Type. Animal Study. ...
https://greenmedinfo.com/keyword/synthetic-cannabinoids
Unexplained Bleeding Linked to Rat Poison in Synthetic Cannabinoids | MedPage TodayUnexplained Bleeding Linked to Rat Poison in Synthetic Cannabinoids | MedPage Today
Unexplained bleeding in dozens of patients with a history of synthetic cannabinoid (SCB) use was linked to poisoning with ... Unexplained Bleeding Linked to Rat Poison in Synthetic Cannabinoids. - 52 cases were ultimately identified, and four patients ...
https://www.medpagetoday.com/publichealthpolicy/publichealth/101103
Cannabinoids and memory - The Reality-Based CommunityCannabinoids and memory - The Reality-Based Community
Cannabinoids and memory. Cannabinoids interfere with short term, ummmm…., now what was that word … whatever. Sometimes thats ... You might say that the cannabinoid-enabled birds flip-flopped, while the cannabinoid-blocked birds stayed the course. ... The paper (DeVoogd, T.J., et al., "Cannabinoid Inhibition Improves Memory in Food-storing Birds." Proceedings of the Royal ... Birds given a drug that blocks the actions of the brains endogenous cannabinoids performed better on the task of finding the ...
https://www.samefacts.com/cannabinoids-and-memory/
Dropbox - App Standard Blueberry Cobbler Vape Cannabinoid.pdf - Simplify your lifeDropbox - App Standard Blueberry Cobbler Vape Cannabinoid.pdf - Simplify your life
Dropbox is a free service that lets you bring your photos, docs, and videos anywhere and share them easily. Never email yourself a file again!
https://www.dropbox.com/s/kc70ymnlb686dzk/App_Standard_Blueberry_Cobbler_Vape_Cannabinoid.pdf?dl=0
Synthetic Cannabinoids | Thermo Fisher ScientificSynthetic Cannabinoids | Thermo Fisher Scientific
Thermo Fisher Scientific is dedicated to improving the human condition through systems, consumables, and services for researchers.
https://www.thermofisher.com/search/results?query=Synthetic%20Cannabinoids&focusarea=Search%20All
Cannabinoids and pain responses: a possible role for prostaglandins | Semantic ScholarCannabinoids and pain responses: a possible role for prostaglandins | Semantic Scholar
Cannabinoids and pain responses: a possible role for prostaglandins. FASEB J. 2: 3022‐3026; 1988. ... Cannabinoids and pain responses: a possible role for prostaglandins. @article{Burstein1988CannabinoidsAP, title={Cannabinoids ... Ajulemic acid: A novel cannabinoid produces analgesia without a high.. *S. Burstein, M. Karst, U. Schneider, R. Zurier ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cannabinoids-and-pain-responses%3A-a-possible-role-Burstein-Hull/3f02bde5550996423ae6c494b4da1d4cf3b4bee3
Safely Quitting Spice/K2 and Synthetic Cannabinoids | Recovery.orgSafely Quitting Spice/K2 and Synthetic Cannabinoids | Recovery.org
... treatment for misuse of synthetic cannabinoids like Spice. ... Learn about quitting Spice/K2 and synthetic cannabinoids, ... Synthetic cannabinoids are often made of plant/herbal mixtures that look like potpourri and are sprayed with potentially unsafe ... However, people who want to quit Spice/K2 and synthetic cannabinoids should be aware of the risk of relapse, which can occur ... FAQs About Spice, K2, and Synthetic Cannabinoids. People who use Spice/K2 (or know people who do) may have more questions about ...
https://recovery.org/synthetic-cannabinoids/quitting/
Yeast produce low-cost, high-quality cannabinoids - Berkeley NewsYeast produce low-cost, high-quality cannabinoids - Berkeley News
... high-quality cannabinoids” — Berkeley News data-secret=lzn2GLWBg0 frameborder=0 marginwidth=0 marginheight= ... news.berkeley.edu/2019/02/27/yeast-produce-low-cost-high-quality-cannabinoids/,Yeast produce low-cost, high-quality ... news.berkeley.edu/2019/02/27/yeast-produce-low-cost-high-quality-cannabinoids/embed/#?secret=lzn2GLWBg0 width=600 height= ... cannabinoids,/a,,/blockquote,,iframe sandbox=allow-scripts security=restricted src=https:// ...
https://news.berkeley.edu/2019/02/27/yeast-produce-low-cost-high-quality-cannabinoids/embed/
Altmetric - Cannabinoids for epilepsyAltmetric - Cannabinoids for epilepsy
Cannabinoids for epilepsy. Overview of attention for article published in Cochrane database of systematic reviews, March 2014 ...
https://www.altmetric.com/details/2165797/facebook
Exploring the Ligand Efficacy of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) using Molecular Dynamics Simulations | Scientific ReportsExploring the Ligand Efficacy of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) using Molecular Dynamics Simulations | Scientific Reports
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a promising therapeutic target for a variety of disorders. Distinct efficacy profiles showed ... Two subtypes of cannabinoid receptors are currently known: cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1)2,3, which is located in the brain and ... Evidence that the plant cannabinoid Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin is a cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonist. Brit J ... Reggio, P. H. Endocannabinoid Binding to the Cannabinoid Receptors: What Is Known and What Remains Unknown. Curr Med Chem 17, ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-31749-z?error=cookies_not_supported&code=2168e437-07e7-4716-8387-4723b9e6d136
What Is HHC-P: A Cannabinoid Guide | High TimesWhat Is HHC-P: A Cannabinoid Guide | High Times
Did you know one of the most hyped up cannabinoids introduced this year is HHC-P, aka hexahydrocannabiphorol, a cannabinoid ... What Is HHC-P: A Cannabinoid Guide. HHC-P, the extremely popular sister of THC-P, is the next big player in the cannabis ... HHC-P is still a very new cannabinoid-so new that a lot of companies dont even carry it. But, as an industry pioneer, Binoid ... Rare Cannabinoid Company delivers legal Delta-9 gummies right to your door. They also contain CBC for blissful happiness and ...
https://hightimes.com/sponsored/what-is-hhc-p-a-cannabinoid-guide/
CannabidiolTetrahydrocannabinolTerpenesMarijuanaKnown as cannabinoidsEndocannabinoid systemDifferent cannabinoidsReceptors in the brainChemical compoundsImpregnated with syntheticCannabis Cannabinoid ResSynthetic cannabinoid chemicalsChemicals2022EndocannabinoidsReceptor agonistsBenefits of cannabinoidsDiscovery of cannabinoidSuggest that cannabinoidsAdministration of cannabinoidAgonistsEndogenous cannabinoidRare cannabinoidHyperemesis syndromeNatural cannabinoidsPsychoactive cannabinoidEpilepsyAcute2016Therapeutic potentialTherapeutics2020HempMedicinal2017DrugsSignal transducPotentAmountsNeurodegenerative diseasesHumansRatiosResearchSeverePeripheralPharmaceuticalsSymptomsMetabolismAnti-inflammatory effectsFound in the cannabis plantPotentialAnxietyCannabigerolDoseInteractFlavonoidsMethylationMainPlantClinicalChronic
Cannabidiol17
  • All five major cannabinoids (cannabidiol (1b), cannabichromene (2), cannabigerol (3b), Delta (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (4b), and cannabinol (5)) showed potent activity against a variety of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains of current clinical relevance. (erowid.org)
  • At least three cannabinoids are known to have an effect on vomiting, including THC, cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabigerol (CBG). (verywellhealth.com)
  • Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol ('THC') and cannabidiol ('CBD'), which are found in excess within the cannabis plant, the goal for InMed and BayMedica is to use various manufacturing approaches to produce the amounts of rare cannabinoids necessary to fulfill the outstanding medical need in the industry. (benzinga.com)
  • What is cannabidiol and what are cannabinoid oils? (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • Psychoactive compounds found in marijuana, such as the cannabinoids Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabidiol, exert their actions on the nervous system by interacting with endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) receptors. (natureasia.com)
  • Sativex is an oral spray developed by UK-based pharmaceutical company GW Pharmaceuticals , derived from the cannabinoids THC and CBD (cannabidiol). (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
  • Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are two of the most recognized cannabinoids, but there are many others that are gaining attention for their potential therapeutic effects. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • Cannabidiol is one of the key cannabinoid constituents of the Hemp Plant. (analyticalcannabis.com)
  • Non-psychotropic cannabinoids (e.g., cannabidiol , cannabinol and cannabigerol) are contained in numerous alimentary and medicinal products. (bvsalud.org)
  • Among all cannabinoids , cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of pathological conditions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cannabis sativa contains 120 cannabinoids, only two of which have been studied for medical use: delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) 7-9 . (cdc.gov)
  • Within this group, epilepsy is refractory in up to 40 % of patients, who have shown para el control de síntomas refractarios en a decrease in the frequency of seizures with the concomitant use of cannabidiol and conventional antiepileptics, with mild síndromes convulsivos side effects such as diarrhea and drowsiness. (bvsalud.org)
  • Como parte de las terapias alternativas para el control de síntomas refractarios en enfermedades avanzadas destaca el uso de cannabidiol. (bvsalud.org)
  • 40 % de los pacientes, quienes han demostrado disminución en la frecuencia de convulsiones con el uso concomitante de cannabidiol y antiepilépticos convencionales, con efectos secundarios leves, como diarrea y somnolencia. (bvsalud.org)
  • de determinar el uso del cannabidiol para el control de síntomas neurológicos refractarios en pacientes con síndromes convulsivos y enfermedades neurodegenerativas, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed, Scopus y Embase. (bvsalud.org)
  • Los efectos del cannabidiol lo convierten en una alternativa, of the title and research adicional a la terapéutica convencional, para el control de síntomas en trastornos neurológicos, disminuyendo de forma objectives, exhaustive sostenida el número total de episodios con un perfil de seguridad aceptable. (bvsalud.org)
  • Existe limitada información respecto al uso de search of information in cannabidiol en enfermedades neurodegenerativas, por lo que no se ha evidenciado su efectividad. (bvsalud.org)
Tetrahydrocannabinol9
  • These chemicals are called cannabinoids because they act on the same brain cell receptors as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active ingredient in marijuana . (cdc.gov)
  • Synthetic cannabinoids (or synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists) is the name given to a diverse range of substances that act on the same brain receptors as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis. (europa.eu)
  • Synthetic cannabinoids are often made of plant/herbal mixtures that look like potpourri and are sprayed with potentially unsafe chemicals that mimic the psychoactive effects of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) found in marijuana. (recovery.org)
  • Both its principal active ingredient, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and synthetic analogs thereof (cannabinoids) have been proposed as therapy for a variety of medical conditions, including glaucoma, cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, inflammatory disorders, and epilepsy ( Jack, 1997 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • WIN 55,212-2 is a chemical described as an aminoalkylindole derivative, which produces effects similar to those of cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) but has an entirely different chemical structure. (drugbank.com)
  • Among over a hundred cannabinoids, the most famous is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which has been identified as the component of cannabis principally responsible for the substance's psychoactive effects. (420magazine.com)
  • The most pharmacologically and toxicologically relevant as well as the most well-understood cannabinoid is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Dr. Boothe states. (wunderpetcbd.com)
  • Active ingredients in K2/Spice products were determined to be synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs), producing psychotropic actions via CB 1 cannabinoid receptors, similar to those of Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), the primary active constituent in marijuana. (nih.gov)
  • The most commonly known cannabinoid is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is also the compound that is responsible for getting high after consuming larger amounts of cannabis. (leaf.expert)
Terpenes5
  • Exclusive Interview with Infusion Biosciences Cofounder and CEO Arup Sen, PhD Cannabis biotech company Infusion Biosciences has developed technology that recovers cannabinoids, terpenes, and other molecules in the cannabis. (newcannabisventures.com)
  • This is done using proprietary technology which ensures all the cannabinoids and terpenes are present and accounted for within each gummy capsule. (rubikstouchcube.com)
  • The excreted resinous material is made up of a mixture of different chemicals, the most important of which are the cannabinoids and terpenes. (leaf.expert)
  • Some terpenes may also be involved in regulating and/or changing the effects of THC and other cannabinoids. (leaf.expert)
  • The Dutch official cannabis grower Bedrocan is developing chemically distinct cannabis varieties with a different profile of cannabinoids and terpenes. (leaf.expert)
Marijuana16
  • In fact, synthetic cannabinoids may affect the brain in different and unpredictable ways compared to marijuana. (cdc.gov)
  • Of course, it's not really very new, but it is herbalism in that medical marijuana advocates make grandiose claims for using their favorite "drug" in its plant form rather than doing the standard thing that modern medicine does with natural products and try to isolate the active compounds, in this case a class of molecules known as cannabinoids. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) has long been known to contain antibacterial cannabinoids, whose potential to address antibiotic resistance has not yet been investigated. (erowid.org)
  • There is a new condition that is affecting marijuana users at a growing rate, and it's called cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Spice, K2, and other synthetic (man-made) cannabinoids are often referred to as synthetic marijuana because they can contain similar chemicals. (recovery.org)
  • Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a rare condition involving severe, cyclical episodes of vomiting that are related to the long-term daily use of marijuana. (verywellhealth.com)
  • Cannabinoid" is the term for the active chemicals in the cannabis (marijuana) plant. (verywellhealth.com)
  • Marijuana and related drugs (cannabinoids) have been proposed as treatments for a widening spectrum of medical disorders. (jneurosci.org)
  • cannabinoids also happen to be the active chemicals in cannabis, or marijuana. (420magazine.com)
  • This course is designed for physicians, nurses, physician assistants, pharmacists, social workers, therapists, and counselors in the primary care setting involved in the care of patients who use or who are candidates for the therapeutic use of marijuana or other cannabinoids. (netce.com)
  • The effects of chronic, low-dose administration of the cannabinoid THC - the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana - on neurocognitive behavior and gene expression patterns in young and old mice are reported online in Nature Medicine this week. (natureasia.com)
  • The marijuana, or hemp, plant contains over 450 unique chemicals, the most well-known of which are more than 70 cannabinoids. (wunderpetcbd.com)
  • The DEA has clarified its regulation of marijuana, noting the products derived from the parts of the plant that have only a trace of cannabinoids are not considered marijuana and thus are not subject to schedule 1 regulation. (wunderpetcbd.com)
  • The biological effects of cannabinoids, the major constituents of the ancient medicinal plant Cannabis sativa (marijuana) are mediated by two members of the G-protein coupled receptor family, cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1R) and 2. (weedworldmagazine.org)
  • Often sold as "spice," "herbal incense," or "potpourri," synthetic cannabinoid chemicals are smoked for their anticipated marijuana-like effects. (cdc.gov)
  • THC is the main intoxicating cannabinoid which is associated with marijuana consumption. (fooyoh.com)
Known as cannabinoids2
  • More than 80 chemicals, known as cannabinoids, have been found in the Cannabis sativa plant. (medgadget.com)
  • Along the same line, not getting high makes it easier to take higher doses of cannabis and therefore more of its medical components, also known as cannabinoids. (mrstinkysgreengarden.com)
Endocannabinoid system3
  • 4. The endocannabinoid system was discovered in 1988 at the St Louis University School of Medicine, where it was discovered that all mammals' brains have a receptor site designed to interact with cannabinoids. (rebelliouspixels.com)
  • The complex system in your body that interacts with and processes cannabinoids is called the endocannabinoid system. (verywellhealth.com)
  • In this review, we briefly summarized our knowledge of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system, focusing on the CB1R and the CNS, with emphasis on recent breakthroughs in the field. (weedworldmagazine.org)
Different cannabinoids7
  • The cannabis plant is very complex and is thought to contain over 100 different cannabinoids. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • Different cannabinoids have been shown to have pain-relieving, anti-spasmodic, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
  • Cannabinoids are produced in the flowers and leaves of cannabis plants, with each plant typically containing dozens of different cannabinoids. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • There are over 100 different cannabinoids, each with its own unique effects and properties. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • In this guide, we'll explore the different cannabinoids found in cannabis and discuss the potential therapeutic benefits that each one may offer. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • Although there are more than 100 different cannabinoids found in cannabis plants, only a few have been studied in-depth. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • However, already more than 70 different cannabinoids have been identified so far. (leaf.expert)
Receptors in the brain2
  • Parker describes the discovery of tetrahydocannbinol (THC), the main psychoactive component of cannabis, and the further discovery of cannabinoid receptors in the brain. (mit.edu)
  • HHC-P is made by taking HHC (hexahydrocannabinol) , a naturally occurring cannabinoid in hemp, and enhancing the structure of its carbon side chain, which changes the way in which it interacts with CB1 receptors in the brain - the same receptors that cause cannabinoids to become psychoactive, making us feel high. (hightimes.com)
Chemical compounds4
  • The government-run National Research Foundation, a body in charge of national research and development, launched a program earlier this year to unlock the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids - chemical compounds of the cannabis plant. (cnbc.com)
  • Finally, synthetic cannabinoids are chemical compounds produced in a lab and are used in medications and recreational substances. (rebelliouspixels.com)
  • Cannabinoids make up a group of diverse yet closely related chemical compounds that interact with cannabinoid receptors throughout the mammalian body. (420magazine.com)
  • Cannabinoids, the class of chemical compounds found in the cannabis plant, represent a potential drug development treasure trove. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Impregnated with synthetic2
  • In recent years, new dosage forms, including e-liquids for vaping using electronic cigarettes, as well as paper impregnated with synthetic cannabinoids, have appeared on the drug market. (europa.eu)
  • Smoking mixtures have caused a number of mass poisonings in the United States, while paper impregnated with synthetic cannabinoids can pose a similarly high risk of poisoning because the amount of synthetic cannabinoid can be unevenly distributed. (europa.eu)
Cannabis Cannabinoid Res1
  • Cannabis Cannabinoid Res;5(3): 197-201, 2020. (bvsalud.org)
Synthetic cannabinoid chemicals3
  • Hundreds of different synthetic cannabinoid chemicals are manufactured and sold. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the hundreds of known synthetic cannabinoid chemicals and THC are different chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • There are no standards for making, packaging, or selling synthetic cannabinoid chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Chemicals4
  • Recent federal and state laws targeting synthetic cannabinoids have banned general categories of ingredients, rather than specific chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • These chemicals are extracted into oil and are collectively known as cannabinoid oil (also known as cannabis oil). (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • Chemicals produced by the body that target cannabinoid receptors. (naddi.org)
  • At the core of this research are the various cannabinoids, the active chemicals responsible for cannabis' effects. (herbaldispatch.com)
20222
  • 22 Mar 2022 --- A wide-ranging commission has been created to review regulation and public policy around the UK's legal cannabis industry, which includes consumer cannabinoids in wellness products. (nutritioninsight.com)
  • Backed by the Centre for Medicinal Cannabis (CMC), the Association for the Cannabinoid Industry (ACI) and First November Group, the commission's final report will be published in May 2022. (nutritioninsight.com)
Endocannabinoids5
  • 2. There are three main types of cannabinoids - phytocannabinoids , endocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids. (rebelliouspixels.com)
  • Cannabinoids are molecules that can be classified as phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, or synthetic cannabinoids. (naddi.org)
  • Cannabinoids produced in the laboratory to structurally or functionally mimic the endocannabinoids or phytocannabinoids. (naddi.org)
  • Cannabinoids are typically divided into two categories: phytocannabinoids (those produced by plants) and endocannabinoids (those naturally occurring in humans). (herbaldispatch.com)
  • It is composed of cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoids, which interact with each other to regulate various physiological processes such as appetite, mood, and pain sensation. (herbaldispatch.com)
Receptor agonists1
  • According to the researchers, "These findings suggest that prolonged administration of cannabinoid receptor agonists could be an appropriate strategy for selectively improving motor symptoms and stimulating neuroprotective processes in patients with Huntington's disease. (medicaljane.com)
Benefits of cannabinoids3
  • Our review highlights the need for further research to investigate the optimal route and composition of cannabinoids in the acute pain setting, including large, high-quality randomized clinical trials to better understand the risks and benefits of cannabinoids in this patient population. (norml.org)
  • What Are The Medicinal Benefits Of Cannabinoids? (420magazine.com)
  • Home Science Cannabis Facts What Are The Medicinal Benefits Of Cannabinoids? (420magazine.com)
Discovery of cannabinoid1
  • The discovery of cannabinoid CB 1 receptors (expressed by central and peripheral neurones) 1 and CB 2 receptors (expressed mainly by immune cells) 2 and endogenous agonists 3 for these receptors has renewed the scientific community's interest. (bmj.com)
Suggest that cannabinoids2
  • Sunburn is actually inflammation on the surface of the skin, so studies suggest that cannabinoids could help to relieve the pain and discomfort caused by this. (rebelliouspixels.com)
  • However, the results were strengthened by the large study population and suggest that cannabinoids are not contraindicated for older adults with COPD, the researchers said. (medscape.com)
Administration of cannabinoid1
  • Despite the extreme importance of informing of families informing staff of administration of cannabinoid oil, we are currently in the difficult position of not being able to support administration. (gosh.nhs.uk)
Agonists3
  • The administration of oral preparations of THC and other agonists reduces sensations of acute pain, according to a review of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials published in the journal Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research . (norml.org)
  • Antiemetic Effects of Cannabinoid Agonists in Nonhuman Primates. (harvard.edu)
  • The researchers note that increasing the dose of WIN 55,212-2 in future studies may result in more impressive results, but also has the potential to decrease effects as a result of desensitization of cannabinoid receptors (i.e. receptors stop responding to cannabinoid agonists). (medicaljane.com)
Endogenous cannabinoid1
  • Treatment with a drug that elevates the endogenous cannabinoid, 2-AG, also prevented the elevation of serotonin in the IIC by activating the cannabinoid type 1 receptor. (sfn.org)
Rare cannabinoid2
  • InMed Pharmaceuticals is a clinical-stage company developing a pipeline of rare cannabinoid therapeutics and dedicated to delivering new treatment alternatives to patients that may benefit from cannabinoid-based pharmaceutical drugs. (benzinga.com)
  • A rare cannabinoid found in cannabis plants, THCV is a cousin of the well-known compound THC. (herbaldispatch.com)
Hyperemesis syndrome2
  • What Is Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome? (verywellhealth.com)
  • Many people with cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome find that taking hot baths or showers relieves their nausea. (verywellhealth.com)
Natural cannabinoids3
  • Exclusive Interview with Hyasynth Co-Founder and CEO Kevin Chen Right now, traditional agricultural practices are the main production method of natural cannabinoids. (newcannabisventures.com)
  • Furthermore, laboratories have successfully produced synthetic cannabinoids based on the structure of natural cannabinoids found in cannabis plants. (420magazine.com)
  • Between the other natural cannabinoids and lab-created analogs, there are still many opportunities to discover additional beneficial, medical applications of cannabinoids. (420magazine.com)
Psychoactive cannabinoid1
  • The potency of cannabis is assessed based on the THC concentration of a sample that is the main psychoactive cannabinoid in cannabis. (who.int)
Epilepsy5
  • 4 5 Cannabinoids have been suggested to have therapeutic value as analgesics and in various conditions, including migraine headaches, nausea and vomiting, wasting syndrome and appetite stimulation in HIV-infected patients, muscle spasticity due to multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury, movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and glaucoma. (bmj.com)
  • Note: This information does not apply to Epidiolex® a prescribed cannabinoid medication for complex epilepsy. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • The science for cannabinoid APIs is building for CNS diseases in particular - a broad category of neurological conditions including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke. (dsm.com)
  • Epilepsy, for example, is estimated to affect 50 million people globally.1 With as many as 70% of these individuals having the possibility to live seizure-free if properly diagnosed and treated, cannabinoids represent an exciting opportunity for pharmaceutical manufacturers to expand treatment possibilities. (dsm.com)
  • The potential use of cannabinoids to treat human neurological conditions such as epilepsy or pain remains an active, yet controversial, area of research. (natureasia.com)
Acute7
  • This dehydration can lead to a type of kidney failure that experts refer to as cannabinoid hyperemesis acute renal failure, and in severe cases, it can even result in death. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Authors of the review concluded that cannabinoids possess "a statistically significant treatment effect" in acute pain patients compared to placebo. (norml.org)
  • Full text of the study, "Cannabinoids in the management of acute pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis," appears in Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. (norml.org)
  • A case report of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis triggered by toxic effect of synthetic cannabinoid black mamba. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • In contrast to "Huntington's disease mice" who received either (1) no treatment with or (2) acute treatment with the cannabinoid receptor agonist, "Huntington's disease mice" who received the agonist chronically displayed "full rescue" of motor function, meaning that no movement impairments were found. (medicaljane.com)
  • Although cannabinoid use is generally thought to elicit acute cognitive impairments and might carry a high potential for abuse, its effects on the aged brain are not well characterized. (natureasia.com)
  • The center will study "the acute and chronic effects of cannabis and cannabinoids on neurodevelopment and mental health. (hightimes.com)
20161
  • The EMCDDA have issued a number of risk communications addressing a range of public health concerns related to synthetic cannabinoids, and, since 2016, it has subjected a number of synthetic cannabinoids to a formal risk assessment. (europa.eu)
Therapeutic potential3
  • Cannabinoids may have therapeutic potential in disorders resulting from cerebral ischemia, including stroke, and may protect neurons from injury through a variety of mechanisms. (jneurosci.org)
  • Although cannabinoids have therapeutic potential, their psychoactive effects have largely limited their use in clinical practice. (weedworldmagazine.org)
  • Each cannabinoid has its own unique effects, and understanding how they interact with each other is key to utilizing cannabis for its therapeutic potential. (herbaldispatch.com)
Therapeutics2
  • There is a global market for cannabinoid-derived therapeutics,' Yew told CNBC. (cnbc.com)
  • Use of the plant in raw form isn't actually sustainable, he said, so 'through this research program, sustainable production of cannabinoid-derived therapeutics can be achieved. (cnbc.com)
20202
  • Rockville Maryland, April 23, 2020 - AOAC INTERNATIONAL announced today that a liquid chromatography-diode array detection (LC-DAD) method previously approved as Official Method of Analysis SM 2018.11 for cannabinoids in Cannabis plant materials, concentrates, and oils, is now approved for hemp. (aoac.org)
  • The cannabinoid-based drug market is growing rapidly, with global sales of approved cannabinoid pharmaceuticals estimated at USD 798 million in 2020 and a CAGR of almost 20% expected between 2020 and 2024. (dsm.com)
Hemp3
  • HHC-P is as strong as THC-P, the strongest naturally occurring cannabinoid in hemp. (hightimes.com)
  • The method was evaluated against requirements of Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) Quantitation of Cannabinoids in Plant Materials of Hemp (Low THC Varieties Cannabis sp. (aoac.org)
  • These gummies are made from full spectrum hemp extract (not just CBD) which means they contain all the cannabinoids found in cannabis. (rubikstouchcube.com)
Medicinal5
  • Though the THC-based pills described above (dronabinol and nabilone) are the only cannabinoid-based drugs currently approved by the FDA, CBD could end up being the more prominent cannabinoid in future medicinal drugs. (420magazine.com)
  • Besides all the above medicinal benefits of THC and CBD, the two cannabinoids (as well as many others) have been identified as useful in treating a wide variety of ailments and illnesses. (420magazine.com)
  • The scope will cover medicinal and consumer cannabinoids, taking account of the entire supply chain from cultivation and R&D to product development, manufacturing and sale. (nutritioninsight.com)
  • Cannabis-based medicinal products were legalized in 2018, and consumer cannabinoids are now subject to novel foods approval by the Food Standards Authority (FSA). (nutritioninsight.com)
  • INTRODUCCIÓN: Este informe presenta los resultados obtenidos, respecto a la eficacia y seguridad del uso medicinal de los cannabinoides para el tratamiento del dolor crónico, náuseas y vómitos debido a quimioterapia, estimulación del apetito en infección HIV / SIDA, espasticidad debido a escleros. (bvsalud.org)
20171
  • The Northwest Cancer Clinic will present the Medical Cannabinoids event on June 14, 2017, at 5:00 p.m. (joelane.com)
Drugs9
  • Synthetic cannabinoids drugs, such as nabilone and dronabinol, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • Possible adverse respiratory effects of cannabinoids may occur with greater likelihood among older adults (in whom COPD is more prevalent), as this group is known to less efficiently metabolise drugs," they noted. (medscape.com)
  • New cannabinoid users (those starting nabilone or dronabinol) were matched with control nonusers (defined as new users of noncannabinoid drugs). (medscape.com)
  • Synthetic cannabinoids are an emerging class of recreational drugs of abuse. (cdc.gov)
  • If the en banc review by the DC Circuit does not force the DEA to apply the same standards to evaluating cannabis as it does other drugs, ASA intends to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. (safeaccessnow.org)
  • Cannabinoid drugs are emerging as a promising class of drugs to treat neuropathic pain and have been tested for analgesic effects in a range of chronic pain conditions. (kickas.org)
  • Data show that cannabinoids are often effective in individuals with refractory pain receiving concomitant analgesic drugs. (kickas.org)
  • Like other drugs for neuropathic pain, cannabinoids have a dose titration that is limited by psychoactive side effects. (kickas.org)
  • The development of cannabinoid drugs to target neuropathic pain with improved therapeutic ratios will depend upon the development of cannabinoid treatments with reduced psychoactivity. (kickas.org)
Signal transduc2
  • Central cannabinoid (CB 1 ) receptors are coupled to several signal transduction pathways, including G-proteins that inhibit N-type voltage-gated calcium channels involved in the release of neurotransmitters ( Mackie and Hille, 1992 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Furthermore, cannabinoids also modulate signal transduction pathways and exert profound effects at peripheral sites. (weedworldmagazine.org)
Potent2
  • Many of the synthetic cannabinoids sold on the drug market are more potent than THC. (europa.eu)
  • This crude process can result in mixtures that contain large amounts of highly potent cannabinoids, as well as 'hot pockets' within individual products where the cannabinoid is highly concentrated. (europa.eu)
Amounts4
  • CBG is one such cannabinoid which occurs in very small amounts, making it time-consuming to source. (rebelliouspixels.com)
  • The cannabis plant is made up of over 100 unique cannabinoids, many of which are only found in trace amounts," reads a recent article. (benzinga.com)
  • With growth in the food, health, and personal care market, understanding the presence and relative amounts of cannabinoids in a variety of samples is becoming increasingly important. (chromatographyonline.com)
  • However, extractions from portions of the plant that do not contain high cannabinoid content often contain more than trace amounts of cannabinoids, rendering them subject to DEA regulation as a schedule 1 product. (wunderpetcbd.com)
Neurodegenerative diseases1
  • or more information on the potential of cannabinoid medicine use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, click here . (medicaljane.com)
Humans1
  • It was also found that administration of WIN 55,212,-2 increased social withdrawal in both R6/1 mice (mice acting as models for humans with Huntington's disease) and wild-type mice (mice without any abnormalities), which is a potential negative side effect of cannabinoid use, especially for patients with Huntington's disease (who are prone to depression and suicide) and mental health disorders that increase social withdrawal, such as depression. (medicaljane.com)
Ratios2
  • Cannabinoid oils available either in the UK or internationally over the internet or in health food stores, at present, may contain CBD alone in varying strengths, THC alone in varying strengths or may contain a combination of both and other cannabinoids in varying ratios. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • Consider the strain's cannabinoid ratios and terpene profiles in order to find the strain that is best suited for your purposes. (bolsademulher.com)
Research8
  • Research into cannabinoids complements and leverages Singapore's strengths in biomedical research, and is a niche area that Singapore can compete globally in,' a National Research Foundation spokesperson told CNBC. (cnbc.com)
  • This is an exciting time for cannabinoid research. (bmj.com)
  • Given the severely debilitating nature of motor symptoms caused by Huntington's disease and a limited set of possible treatment options, the results of this study warrant increased research into the utility of cannabinoid therapies for patients with Huntington's disease. (medicaljane.com)
  • An evaluation of the strength and the quality of the research evidence will also be provided, as well as a discussion of how the cannabinoid mechanism of action may interact with disease pathogenesis to produce clinical benefit. (netce.com)
  • Chris Lo talks to GW Pharmaceuticals executive chairman Dr Geoffrey Guy about their new cannabis-derived drug Sativex and the future for cannabinoid research. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
  • It will provide a detailed blueprint for how the UK government and its regulatory agencies can accelerate the path to becoming the global leader in cannabinoid research and innovation. (nutritioninsight.com)
  • It can be assumed that several cannabinoids will find their way into the pharmacies from preclinical research within a century. (who.int)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Cannabinoid receptor stimulation is anti-inflammatory and improves memory in old rats. (cmich.edu)
Severe4
  • This may explain why the harmful effects of synthetic cannabinoids, such as severe and fatal poisoning, may be more common than for cannabis. (europa.eu)
  • An active cannabinoid used as an adjunctive treatment for the management of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome and symptomatic relief of moderate to severe neuropathic pain or other painful conditions, like cancer. (drugbank.com)
  • Discuss recent clusters of severe disease associated with synthetic cannabinoid use in the U.S. (cdc.gov)
  • Association between a polymorphism in cannabinoid receptor 2 and severe necroinflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis C. (cdc.gov)
Peripheral1
  • A subclass of cannabinoid receptor found primarily on central and peripheral NEURONS where it may play a role modulating NEUROTRANSMITTER release. (harvard.edu)
Pharmaceuticals4
  • InMed Pharmaceuticals INM and its subsidiary BayMedica are innovators in the field of rare cannabinoids, making them available for consumer access. (benzinga.com)
  • InMed Pharmaceuticals is a global leader in the manufacturing, development and commercialization of rare cannabinoids. (benzinga.com)
  • For more information on how DSM and Brains Bioceutical can help you bring purpose-led cannabinoid pharmaceuticals to market, contact PartnerWithDSM . (dsm.com)
  • Cannabinoid-based pharmaceuticals and biotechnologies represent a sub-sector of the industry that could hold the greatest potential value over time. (eventbrite.com)
Symptoms6
  • Synthetic cannabinoids may be addictive, since some people have reported withdrawal symptoms after heavy use over a long time. (cdc.gov)
  • Experts think that the severity of these symptoms is related to how much synthetic cannabinoid is used and for how long. (cdc.gov)
  • 2 Quitting can also help you avoid the unpredictable and potentially dangerous symptoms that can occur with synthetic cannabinoid use. (recovery.org)
  • However, people who want to quit Spice/K2 and synthetic cannabinoids should be aware of the risk of relapse, which can occur when people cannot tolerate unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. (recovery.org)
  • Withdrawal symptoms associated with quitting synthetic cannabinoids like K2 and Spice can occur when people who are dependent suddenly stop or cut down their substance use. (recovery.org)
  • Authors of a controlled animal study , recently published in the journal Neuropharmacology (online August 2014, in print February 2015) , have found that long-term stimulation of cannabinoid receptors may prevent onset of movement/motor dysfunction symptoms that result from Huntington's disease. (medicaljane.com)
Metabolism2
  • Cannabinoids of medical significance appear to undergo first-pass metabolism and, as such, the risk of toxicity with inhalant products is much greater than with oral products, Dr. Boothe says. (wunderpetcbd.com)
  • The main reason for this decrease in oral bioavailability is that cannabinoids undergo the first-pass metabolism before entering into the systemic circulation whereas in inhalation, it enters the circulation directly through the lungs. (who.int)
Anti-inflammatory effects1
  • 7. Cannabinoids have anti-inflammatory effects, which means that they can help to reduce swelling and relieve pain. (rebelliouspixels.com)
Found in the cannabis plant1
  • Cannabinoids are unique chemical structures that can only be found in the cannabis plant. (leaf.expert)
Potential10
  • A review of the scientific evidence on the effects of cannabinoids on brain and behavioral functioning, with an emphasis on potential therapeutic use. (mit.edu)
  • If you use Spice/K2 or know someone who does, you should know the potential dangers of using synthetic cannabinoids and why they can be addictive. (recovery.org)
  • With so many of these cannabinoids exhibiting the potential to fulfill several unmet medical needs industry-wide, InMed is working on the answer to mass production of rare and otherwise depleted cannabinoid opportunities. (benzinga.com)
  • For more information on the potential efficacy of cannabinoid medicine for Huntington 's disease, click here . (medicaljane.com)
  • The partnership with Brains Bioceutical will see DSM extend its capabilities as an innovation partner in the pharmaceutical market - applying its scientific expertise and marketing competencies, combined with a deep understanding of patient needs, to help customers tap into the full potential of cannabinoid APIs. (dsm.com)
  • We aim to define several potential roles of cannabinoid receptors in the modulation of signaling pathways and in association with several pathophysiological conditions. (weedworldmagazine.org)
  • He continues that the UK has the potential to become a world leader in the field of cannabinoids. (nutritioninsight.com)
  • The study findings were limited by several factors including the inability to prove causation in an observational study, and the potential for confounding based on unmeasured differences between cannabinoid users and nonusers, the researchers said. (medscape.com)
  • In recent years, cannabinoids have been investigated extensively due to their potential effects on the human body . (bvsalud.org)
  • It was a dose-finding study of a potential new painkiller derived from the cannabinoid group. (bmj.com)
Anxiety2
  • 6. Cannabinoids have been shown to impact serotonin levels in the body, which is the main neurotransmitter which regulates things like anxiety, sleep, mood and appetite. (rebelliouspixels.com)
  • Cannabinoids may actually contribute to negative respiratory outcomes among individuals with COPD through several possible mechanisms including causing sedation, inducing anxiety, and provoking respiratory muscle weakness, they said. (medscape.com)
Cannabigerol1
  • Other cannabinoids which are under investigation include cannabigerol (CBG) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV). (leaf.expert)
Dose2
  • These health problems depend on many factors, including the specific synthetic cannabinoid, the dose (how much), and the duration of use (for how long). (cdc.gov)
  • All-cause mortality increased by 231% and hospitalization for COPD or pneumonia increased by 178% among new users of higher-dose cannabinoids, compared with nonusers. (medscape.com)
Interact1
  • Knowing how these cannabinoids interact with each other is key to understanding the effects of cannabis. (herbaldispatch.com)
Flavonoids1
  • The stem contains very little THC but a high proportion of CBD and other nonpsychotropic cannabinoids as well as flavonoids, terpenoids and other potentially beneficial compounds, Dr. Boothe says. (wunderpetcbd.com)
Methylation1
  • Conversely, methylation and acetylation of the phenolic hydroxyls, esterification of the carboxylic group of pre-cannabinoids, and introduction of a second prenyl moiety were all detrimental for antibacterial activity. (erowid.org)
Main1
  • Delta 8 is a cannabinoid that is similar to THC, the main psychoactive compound in cannabis. (discovermagazine.com)
Plant11
  • Projects funded by the foundation will identify genes to create synthetic cannabinoids so researchers don't need to grow the cannabis plant. (cnbc.com)
  • Smoking mixtures are made by spraying synthetic cannabinoids onto plant material. (europa.eu)
  • The criminalization of cannabis has lead to the creation of a synthetic cannabinoid analogue black market that is far more dangerous than the cannabis plant, a new study reveals. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • 9. Cannabinoids don't always appear in the same concentrations in a plant, and that's why certain strains can be harder to cultivate. (rebelliouspixels.com)
  • There's plenty we can learn from the power of cannabinoids, and while CBD is having a moment, there are many more cannabinoids found in the plant that may be beneficial for our physical and mental health. (rebelliouspixels.com)
  • However, the plant contains more than 100 cannabinoids that all have different effects on the body. (verywellhealth.com)
  • As stated earlier, THC and CBD are just two of over a hundred cannabinoids active in the cannabis plant. (420magazine.com)
  • Synthetic medicines that mimic the effects of cannabinoids, such as Marinol and Cesamet, are available in some countries, but there is only one licensed prescription medicine derived directly from the cannabis plant. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
  • The cannabinoids found in the plant vary with the part of the plant. (wunderpetcbd.com)
  • Cannabis sativa is a psychoactive plant that contains more than 500 components of which 104 cannabinoids had been identified. (who.int)
  • However, the cannabinoids are unique to the cannabis plant alone. (leaf.expert)
Clinical6
  • The book provides a great read both for those who already possess some, or even a lot of scientific and clinical knowledge about the central effects of cannabis and cannabinoids, and for those who are keen to begin gathering such knowledge. (mit.edu)
  • The Role of the Cannabinoid System in Pain Control: Basic and Clinical Implications. (harvard.edu)
  • A large body of clinical trials has now been published on cannabis and other cannabinoids in the treatment or management of a wide range of diseases and conditions. (netce.com)
  • During this COCA Call, clinicians will learn about synthetic cannabinoids, their clinical effects, and the role clinicians can play in the public health response. (cdc.gov)
  • Cannabinoids for the treatment of neuropathic pain: clinical evidence. (kickas.org)
  • Clinical studies on cannabinoids for the treatment of neuropathic pain are reviewed, focusing on clinical trials published within the last five years. (kickas.org)
Chronic3
  • Older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who began using synthetic cannabinoids showed a 64% increase in all-cause mortality, compared with nonusers, findings from a large study have shown. (medscape.com)
  • Many states are liberalizing cannabinoid use, and it is important to know the health effects of this type of drug on patients with chronic respiratory disease," he noted. (medscape.com)
  • Data from large, well-controlled studies show that cannabinoids are moderately effective in reducing chronic pain and that side effects are comparable to existing treatments, suggesting that cannabinoids can play a useful role in the management of chronic pain. (kickas.org)
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AAP: Counsel Pregnant, Lactating Women Against Marijuana Use (medscape.com)
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The endocannabinoid system in migraine: from bench to pharma... : Current Opinion in Neurology
The endocannabinoid system in migraine: from bench to pharma... : Current Opinion in Neurology (journals.lww.com)
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Risk factors, Mental Health Research at Otago, University of Otago, New Zealand (otago.ac.nz)
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Pharmaceuticals | Free Full-Text | Cannabinoids and Reproduction: A Lasting and Intriguing History
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Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia | Translational Psychiatry
Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia | Translational Psychiatry (nature.com)
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