Candicidin
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Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic. II. Fermentation, isolation and characterization. (1/28)
Rapamycin is a new antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus NRRL 5491. It was isolated from the mycelium by solvent extraction, purified by silica gel column chromatography and crystallized as a colorless solid which melts at 183 approximately to 185 degrees C and has the empirical formula C56H89NO14. From its characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum rapamycin can be classified as a triene. It is highly active against various Candida species, especially Candida albicans. Its activity is compared with that of amphotericin B, candicidin and nystatin. (+info)Isolation of mutants deregulated in phosphate control of candicidin biosynthesis. (2/28)
Mutants have been isolated in which phosphate does not inhibit the biosynthesis of candicidin. At high phosphate concentrations, candicidin production by phosphate-deregulated mutants is still inhibited, but to a lesser extent than in the wild type. Some of these mutants are higher candicidin producers than the wild type, not only in phosphate-supplemented medium but also in non-supplemented production medium. The high candicidin production by these mutants is due to (1) a high specific rate of candicidin biosynthesis and (2) an extended production phase. None of the phosphate-deregulated mutants in which uptake of [32P]phosphate was measured was a phosphate-permeability mutant. (+info)The candicidin gene cluster from Streptomyces griseus IMRU 3570. (3/28)
A 205 kb DNA region from Streptomyces griseus IMRU 3570, including the candicidin biosynthetic gene cluster, was cloned and partially sequenced. Analysis of the sequenced DNA led to identification of genes encoding part of a modular polyketide synthase (PKS), genes for thioesterase, macrolactone ring modification, mycosamine biosynthesis and attachment to the macrolide ring, candicidin export and regulatory proteins. It represents the first extensive genetic characterization of an aromatic polyene macrolide antibiotic biosynthetic gene cluster. Of particular interest is the presence of the CanP1 loading domain (the first described as responsible for the activation of an aromatic starter unit) and the polypeptide CanP3 (carrying modules for the formation of five out of seven conjugated double bonds). Disruption of the pabAB gene that encodes the starter unit of candicidin abolished its production [which was restored when exogenous p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was supplied to the culture] and resulted in an enhanced production of another antifungal compound that is barely detected in the wild-type. (+info)Solution NMR structure of five representative glycosylated polyene macrolide antibiotics with a sterol-dependent antifungal activity. (4/28)
Glycosylated polyene macrolide antibiotics, as nystatins and amphotericins, are amphiphilic structures known to exert antifungal activity by disrupting the fungal cell membrane, leading to leakage of cellular materials, and cell death. This membrane disruption is strongly influenced by the presence and the exact nature of the membrane sterols. The solution structures of five representative glycosylated members, three tetraenes (pimaricin, nystatin A1 and rimocidin) and two heptaenes (candidin and vacidin A) have been calculated using geometric restraints derived from 1H-NMR data and random searches of their conformational space. Despite a different apparent structural order, the NMR solutions structure indicate that the hydroxyl groups all clustered on one side of the rod-shaped structures, and the glycosyl moieties are structurally conserved both in their conformation and their apparent order. The molecular structures afford an understanding of their selective interaction with the membrane sterols and the design of new polyene macrolides with improved activities. (+info)Organizational and mutational analysis of a complete FR-008/candicidin gene cluster encoding a structurally related polyene complex. (5/28)
The complete gene cluster for biosynthesis of a polyene complex, FR-008, spans 137.2 kb of the genome of Streptomyces sp. FR-008 consisting of six genes for a modular PKS and 15 additional genes. The extensive similarity to the partially characterized candicidin gene cluster in Streptomyces griseus IMRU3570, especially for genes involved in mycosamine biosynthesis, prompted us to compare the compounds produced by Streptomyces sp. FR-008 and Streptomyces griseus IMRU3570, and we found that FR-008 and candicidin complex are identical. A model for biosynthesis of a set of four structurally related FR-008/candicidin compounds was proposed. Deletion of the putative regulatory genes abolished antibiotic production, while disruption of putative glycosyltransferase and GDP-ketosugar aminotransferase functionalities led to the productions of a set of nonmycosaminated aglycones and a novel polyene complex with attachment of altered sugar moiety, respectively. (+info)Incomplete beta-ketone processing as a mechanism for polyene structural variation in the FR-008/candicidin complex. (6/28)
(+info)Selective removal of aberrant extender units by a type II thioesterase for efficient FR-008/candicidin biosynthesis in Streptomyces sp. strain FR-008. (7/28)
(+info)Tailoring the P450 monooxygenase gene for FR-008/candicidin biosynthesis. (8/28)
(+info)
Candicidin | definition of candicidin by Medical dictionary
New insights into polyene macrolide biosynthesis in Couchioplanes caeruleus - Molecular BioSystems (RSC Publishing)
antibiotic | Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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Symbiont recognition of mutualistic bacteria by Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants
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FR-900520 and FR-900523, novel immunosuppressants isolated from a Streptomyces. II. Fermentation, isolation and physico...
Streptomyces griseus EshA protein
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Targeting intracellular p-aminobenzoic acid production potentiates the anti-tubercular action of antifolates<...
tmRNA of Streptomyces collinus and Streptomyces griseus during the gr…
Fungus-growing ants
Haeder, Susanne; Wirth, Rainer; Herz, Hubert; Spiteller, Dieter (2009-03-24). "Candicidin-producing Streptomyces support leaf- ...
Streptomyces antimycoticus
Asturias, J. A.; Martín, J. F.; Liras, P (1994). "Biosynthesis and phosphate control of candicidin by Streptomyces acrimycini ...
Streptomyces acrimycini
"Biosynthesis and phosphate control of candicidin by Streptomyces acrimycini JI2236: Effect of amplification of the pabAB gene ...
Polyene
The following polyenes are used as antibiotics for humans: amphotericin B, nystatin, candicidin, pimaricin, methyl partricin, ...
Rutgers University
... candicidin, candidin, and others. Waksman, along with graduate student Albert Schatz (1920-2005), discovered streptomycin-a ...
ATC code G01
G01AA01 Nystatin G01AA02 Natamycin G01AA03 Amphotericin B G01AA04 Candicidin G01AA05 Chloramphenicol G01AA06 Hachimycin G01AA07 ...
List of MeSH codes (D09)
... candicidin MeSH D09.408.477.250 - erythromycin MeSH D09.408.477.250.050 - azithromycin MeSH D09.408.477.250.100 - ...
Antifungal
Amphotericin B Candicidin Filipin - 35 carbons, binds to cholesterol (toxic) Hamycin Natamycin - 33 carbons, binds well to ...
Streptomycin
... candicidin, and candidin. Of these, streptomycin and neomycin found extensive application in the treatment of numerous ...
List of drugs: C-Ca
Candex candicidin (INN) Candin Candistatin candocuronium iodide (INN) candoxatril (INN) candoxatrilat (INN) canertinib (USAN) ...
List of MeSH codes (D04)
... candicidin MeSH D04.345.349.156 - cytochalasins MeSH D04.345.349.156.370 - cytochalasin b MeSH D04.345.349.156.450 - ...
Candicidin
This bioactive compound was named candicidin, because of its high activity on Candida albicans. "Product information Candicidin ... Candicidin is an antifungal compound obtained from Streptomyces griseus. It is active against some fungi including Candida ... Waksman SA, Lechevalier HA, Schaffner CP (1965). "Candicidin and other polyenic antifungal antibiotics". Bulletin of the World ... Candicidin is administered intravaginally in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. ...
Metronidazole
... is widely used to treat infections of Giardia in dogs, cats, and other companion animals, although it does not reliably clear infection with this organism and is being supplanted by fenbendazole for this purpose in dogs and cats.[53] It is also used for the management of chronic inflammatory bowel disease in cats and dogs.[54] Another common usage is the treatment of systemic and/or gastrointestinal clostridial infections in horses. Metronidazole is used in the aquarium hobby to treat ornamental fish and as a broad-spectrum treatment for bacterial and protozoan infections in reptiles and amphibians. In general, the veterinary community may use metronidazole for any potentially susceptible anaerobic infection. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) suggests it only be used when necessary because it has been shown to be carcinogenic in mice and rats, as well as to prevent antimicrobial resistance.[55][56] ...
Clotrimazole
It is commonly available without a prescription in various dosage forms, such as a topical cream, ointment, or vaginal suppository. It is also available as an oral troche or throat lozenge as a prescription only. Topically, clotrimazole is used for vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection) or yeast infections of the skin. For vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection), clotrimazole tablets and creams are inserted into the vagina. Topical clotrimazole is usually not effective in treatment of fungal infections of the scalp or nails.[citation needed] When using over-the-counter drug clotrimazole products, use should be discontinued if condition does not improve after treatment for 2 weeks for jock itch or after 4 weeks for athlete's foot or ringworm.[6] Throat lozenge preparations are used for oropharyngeal candidiasis (oral thrush) or prevention of oral thrush in people with neutropenia.[6] Clotrimazole is usually used 5 times daily for 14 days for oral thrush, twice daily for 2 to 8 weeks for ...
Oxiconazole
... (trade names Oxistat in the US, Oxizole in Canada) is an antifungal medication typically administered in a cream or lotion to treat skin infections, such as athlete's foot, jock itch and ringworm. It can also be prescribed to treat the skin rash known as tinea versicolor, caused by systemic yeast overgrowth (Candida spp.). ...
Natamycin
... has been used for decades in the food industry as a hurdle to fungal outgrowth in dairy products and other foods. Potential advantages for the usage of natamycin might include the replacement of traditional chemical preservatives, a neutral flavor impact, and less dependence on pH for efficacy, as is common with chemical preservatives. It can be applied in a variety of ways: as an aqueous suspension (such as mixed into a brine) sprayed on the product or into which the product is dipped, or in powdered form (along with an anticaking agent such as cellulose) sprinkled on or mixed into the product. While not currently approved for use on meats in the United States, some countries allow natamycin to be applied to the surface of dry and fermented sausages to prevent mold growth on the casing. Also, natamycin is approved for various dairy applications in the United States. More specifically, natamycin is commonly used in products such as cream cheeses, cottage cheese, sour cream, yogurt, ...
Lactic acid
... is found primarily in sour milk products, such as koumiss, laban, yogurt, kefir, and some cottage cheeses. The casein in fermented milk is coagulated (curdled) by lactic acid. Lactic acid is also responsible for the sour flavor of sourdough bread. In lists of nutritional information lactic acid might be included under the term "carbohydrate" (or "carbohydrate by difference") because this often includes everything other than water, protein, fat, ash, and ethanol.[37] If this is the case then the calculated food energy may use the standard 4 calories per gram that is often used for all carbohydrates. But in some cases lactic acid is ignored in the calculation.[38] The energy density of lactic acid is 362 kilocalories (1,510 kJ) per 100 g.[39] In beer brewing some styles of beer (sour beer) purposely contain lactic acid. Most commonly this is produced naturally by various strains of bacteria. These bacteria ferment sugars into acids, unlike yeast, which ferment sugar into ethanol. One ...
Povidone-iodine
... is a broad spectrum antiseptic for topical application in the treatment and prevention of wound infection. It may be used in first aid for minor cuts, grazes, burns, abrasions and blisters. Povidone-iodine exhibits longer lasting antiseptic effects than tincture of iodine, due to its slow absorption via soft tissue, making it the choice for longer surgeries. Chlorhexidine provides superior results with equivalent adverse events[7]. Consequently, PVP-I has found broad application in medicine as a surgical scrub; for pre- and post-operative skin cleansing; for the treatment and prevention of infections in wounds, ulcers, cuts and burns; for the treatment of infections in decubitus ulcers and stasis ulcers; in gynecology for vaginitis associated with candidal, trichomonal or mixed infections. For these purposes PVP-I has been formulated at concentrations of 7.5-10.0% in solution, spray, surgical scrub, ointment, and swab dosage forms; however, use of 10% povidone-iodine though ...
Candicidin - Wikipedia
This bioactive compound was named candicidin, because of its high activity on Candida albicans. "Product information Candicidin ... Candicidin is an antifungal compound obtained from Streptomyces griseus. It is active against some fungi including Candida ... Waksman SA, Lechevalier HA, Schaffner CP (1965). "Candicidin and other polyenic antifungal antibiotics". Bulletin of the World ... Candicidin is administered intravaginally in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. ...
Candicidin - Substance Information - ECHA
Biosynthesis and phosphate control of candicidin by Streptomyces acrimycini JI2236: effect of amplification of the pabAB gene. ...
Biosynthesis of candicidin by Streptomyces acrimycini JI2236 was strongly inhibited by phosphate. p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) ... Biosynthesis and phosphate control of candicidin by Streptomyces acrimycini JI2236: effect of amplification of the pabAB gene. ... Formation of PABA synthase and candicidin production was equally sensitive to phosphate regulation in transformants with the ... synthase activity, required for the synthesis of PABA, a candicidin precursor, was reduced by 72% in cells grown in medium ...
Candicidin | definition of candicidin by Medical dictionary
... candicidin explanation free. What is candicidin? Meaning of candicidin medical term. What does candicidin mean? ... Looking for online definition of candicidin in the Medical Dictionary? ... candicidin. candicidin. [kan″dĭ-si´din] an antifungal agent derived from Streptomyces griseus, used principally to treat ... Candicidin , definition of candicidin by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/candicidin ...
JoVE Search Results: Candicidin D
Crucially, disrupting the candicidin and antimycin gene clusters in the same strain had no effect on bioactivity against a co- ... Candicidin-producing Streptomyces support leaf-cutting ants to protect their fungus garden against the pathogenic fungus ... However, candicidin and antimycins likely offer protection against other microfungal weeds that infect the attine fungal ...
Candicidin - R&S Pharmchem Co., Ltd
Candicidin is administered intravaginally in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. ... Candicidin is an antifungal compound obtained from Streptomyces griseus.It is active against some fungi including Candida ... Candicidin is an antifungal agent used in the treatment of Streptomyves natalenesis. ...
CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21
a) The prescription-dispensing requirements of section503(b)(1)(B) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act are not necessary for the protection of the public health with respect to the following drugs subject to new drug applications: (1) N -Acetyl-p -aminophenol (acetaminophen, p -hydroxy-acetanilid) preparations meeting all the following conditions: (i) The N -acetyl-p -aminophenol is prepared, with or without other drugs, in tablet or other dosage form suitable for oral use in self-medication, and containing no drug limited to prescription sale under the provisions of section 503(b)(1) of the act. (ii) The N -acetyl-p -aminophenol and all other components of the preparation meet their professed standards of identity, strength, quality, and purity. (iii) If the preparation is a new drug, an application pursuant to section 505 (b) of the act is approved for it. (iv) The preparation contains not more than 0.325 gram (5 grains) of N -acetyl-p -aminophenol per dosage unit, or if it is in ...
CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21
a) A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: (1) Topical acne drug products. Alcloxa Alkyl isoquinolinium bromide Aluminum chlorohydrex Aluminum hydroxide Benzocaine Benzoic acid Boric acid Calcium polysulfide Calcium thiosulfate Camphor Chloroxylenol Cloxyquin Coal tar Dibenzothiophene Estrone Magnesium aluminum silicate Magnesium sulfate Phenol Phenolate sodium Phenyl salicylate Povidone-iodine Pyrilamine maleate Resorcinol (as single ingredient) Resorcinol monoacetate (as single ingredient) Salicylic acid (over 2 up to 5 percent) Sodium borate Sodium thiosulfate Tetracaine hydrochloride Thymol Vitamin E Zinc oxide Zinc stearate Zinc sulfide. (2) Anticaries drug products - (i) Approved as of May 7, 1991. Hydrogen fluoride Sodium carbonate Sodium ...
21 CFR § 310.545 - Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. | CFR |...
ii) Any ingredients labeled with any of the following or similar claims. Instant protection or protection immediately upon application. Claims for "all-day" protection or extended wear claims citing a specific number of hours of protection that is inconsistent with the directions for application in 21 CFR 201.327. (30) [Reserved] (b) Any OTC drug product that is labeled, represented, or promoted for the uses specified and containing any active ingredient(s) as specified in paragraph (a) of this section is regarded as a new drug within the meaning of section 210(p) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act), for which an approved new drug application under section 505 of the Act and part 314 of this chapter is required for marketing. In the absence of an approved new drug application, such product is also misbranded under section 502 of the Act. (c) Clinical investigations designed to obtain evidence that any drug product labeled, represented, or promoted for the OTC uses and ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen ATCC ® 9763™
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Methyl 33-[(3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-β-D-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-1,3,5,7,9,13,37-heptahydroxy-17-{5-hydroxy-7-[4-(methylamino)phenyl]-7...
Chemical basis of the synergism and antagonism in microbial communities in the nests of leaf-cutting ants | PNAS
2009) Candicidin biosynthesis gene cluster is widely distributed among Streptomyces spp. isolated from the sediments and the ... Similarly, candicidin macrolides were synthesized by the majority of the Streptomyces isolates from the three Acromyrmex ... 2009) Candicidin-producing Streptomyces support leaf-cutting ants to protect their fungus garden against the pathogenic fungus ... Because antimycins A1-A4 (4-7), actinomycins, and valinomycins as well as the previously identified candicidin macrolides (11) ...
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Yeast Problems and Candida: An Imbalance Implicated in Many Health Problems
Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Violacein-Producing Collimonas sp. from the Sea Surface Microlayer of Costal Waters in...
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US Patent # 9,566,348. Methods and compositions for the treatment of cancer and infectious
disease using alpha(2)...
Frontiers | Comparative Genomics of Marine Sponge-Derived Streptomyces spp. Isolates SM17 and SM18 With Their Closest...
Campelo, A. B., and Gil, J. A. (2002). The candicidin gene cluster from Streptomyces griseus IMRU 3570. Microbiology 148, 51-59 ... 2003). Organizational and mutational analysis of a complete FR-008/candicidin gene cluster encoding a structurally related ... SM17 appears to possess a candicidin, an antimycin, and a polycyclic tetramate macrolactam cluster (SGR PTMs) (Figure 4 and ... such as smBGCs potentially encoding the production of candicidin, antimycin, SGR PTMs, surugamides, and mannopeptimycin, in ...
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Phosphate-Controlled Regulator for the Biosynthesis of the Dalbavancin Precursor A40926 | Journal of Bacteriology
Phosphate Control of the Biosynthesis of Antibiotics and Other Secondary Metabolites Is Mediated by the PhoR-PhoP System: an...
The candicidin gene cluster from Streptomyces griseus IMRU 3570. Microbiology48:51-59. ... Phosphate control of pabS gene transcription during candicidin biosynthesis. Gene93:79-84. ... which encodes the candicidin precursor-forming enzyme p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) synthase (3), and expression of the ... in addition to PABA synthase in the candicidin gene cluster (6, 9) or the complete pimaricin gene cluster (2). A question that ...
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The Polyene Antifungal Antibiotics | Springer for Research & Development
Lechevalier, H., R. F. Acker, C. T. Corke, C. M. Haenseler and S. A. Waksman: Candicidin, A New Antifungal Antibiotic. ... Vining, L. C, W. A. Taber and F. J. Gregory: The Candidin-Candicidin Group of Antifungal Antibiotics. Antibiotics Annu.1954- ... Taber, W. A. and L. C. Vining: A Comparison of the Antifungal Antibiotics Candidin, Ascosin, Candicidin, and Trichomycin. ...
Streptomyces11
- Candicidin is an antifungal compound obtained from Streptomyces griseus. (wikipedia.org)
- Biosynthesis and phosphate control of candicidin by Streptomyces acrimycini JI2236: effect of amplification of the pabAB gene. (nih.gov)
- Biosynthesis of candicidin by Streptomyces acrimycini JI2236 was strongly inhibited by phosphate. (nih.gov)
- 11 ) identified the antifungal candicidin macrolides that are produced by a large number of Streptomyces symbionts isolated from three different leaf-cutting ant species ( A. octospinosus , A. echinatior , and A. volcanus ). (pnas.org)
- 13 ) detected, besides the presence of the previously characterized candicidin polyene macrolide-producing Streptomyces ( 11 ), a Pseudonocardia symbiont that produces a nystatin-like polyene macrolide. (pnas.org)
- A Hierarchical Network of Four Regulatory Genes Controlling Production of the Polyene Antibiotic Candicidin in Streptomyces sp. (asm.org)
- The biosynthetic gene cluster for the polyene antibiotic candicidin contains four consecutive regulatory genes, which encode regulatory proteins from different families and which form a subcluster within the larger biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces sp. (asm.org)
- Consistent with this idea, a Streptomyces species associated with the higher attine Acromyrmex octospinosus was recently shown to produce the well-known antifungal candicidin. (beds.ac.uk)
- Candicidin production is widespread in environmental isolates of Streptomyces , so this could either be an environmental contaminant or evidence of recruitment of useful actinomycetes from the environment. (beds.ac.uk)
- In order to test these possibilities we isolated bacteria from a geographically distinct population of A. octospinosus and identified a candicidin-producing Streptomyces species, which suggests that they are common mutualists of attine ants, most probably recruited from the environment. (beds.ac.uk)
- [25575546] Production of the antibiotic FR-008/candicidin in Streptomyces sp. (go.jp)
Amphotericin2
- includes amphotericin B, nystatin and candicidin. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Its activity is compared with that of amphotericin B, candicidin and nystatin. (go.jp)
Polyene2
- Other polyene antibiotics like primaricin, hamycin, trichomycinare and candicidin have been used to a limited extent, for the treatment of localized mycotic infections. (scialert.net)
- [14652074] Organizational and mutational analysis of a complete FR-008/candicidin gene cluster encoding a structurally related polyene complex. (go.jp)
Biosynthesis3
- [19362642] Enzymology of the polyenes pimaricin and candicidin biosynthesis. (go.jp)
- [23324745] In vivo investigation of the substrate recognition capability and activity affecting amino acid residues of glycosyltransferase FscMI in the biosynthesis of candicidin. (go.jp)
- 2016. Coordinate regulation of antimycin and candicidin biosynthesis. (ryanseipkelab.com)
Antibiotics1
- An actinomycete from which the antibiotics STREPTOMYCIN, grisein, and CANDICIDIN are obtained. (bvsalud.org)
Phosphate3
- p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) synthase activity, required for the synthesis of PABA, a candicidin precursor, was reduced by 72% in cells grown in medium supplemented with 7.5 mM phosphate. (nih.gov)
- Formation of PABA synthase and candicidin production was equally sensitive to phosphate regulation in transformants with the pabAB than in the untransformed S. acrimycini strain. (nih.gov)
- Demain, Control by phosphate of candicidin production in : Biochemistry Biophysics Research Communication, Vol. (thefreedictionary.com)
Strongly1
- We therefore strongly advocate the use of candicidin instead of darodipine in patients with high risks during acataract surgery yesterday and to those references with minimal response to the effect of mydriatic drops. (conservationhawaii.org)
Activity1
- This bioactive compound was named candicidin, because of its high activity on Candida albicans. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment2
- Candicidin is administered intravaginally in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. (wikipedia.org)
- Candicidin is an antifungal agent used in the treatment of Streptomyves natalenesis. (rspharmchem.com)
Control1
- three of the transformants synthesized higher levels of PABA synthase and two transformants produced more candicidin than control cultures transformed with pIJ699. (nih.gov)
Review1
- This review analyzes which people have enough progesterone abuse with candicidin. (utidur.com)