Early Detection of Cancer: Methods to identify and characterize cancer in the early stages of disease and predict tumor behavior.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Early Diagnosis: Methods to determine in patients the nature of a disease or disorder at its early stage of progression. Generally, early diagnosis improves PROGNOSIS and TREATMENT OUTCOME.Prostatic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.Breast Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.Mammography: Radiographic examination of the breast.Tumor Markers, Biological: Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.Prostate-Specific Antigen: A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.Mass Screening: Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.Neoplasms: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Ovarian Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.Lung Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.ROC Curve: A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Digital Rectal Examination: A physical examination in which the qualified health care worker inserts a lubricated, gloved finger of one hand into the RECTUM and may use the other hand to press on the lower ABDOMEN or pelvic area to palpate for abnormalities in the lower rectum, and nearby organs or tissues. The method is commonly used to check the lower rectum, the PROSTATE gland in men, and the UTERUS and OVARIES in women.Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.Prostate: A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the URINARY BLADDER and the URETHRA. It secretes a substance that liquefies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the RECTUM.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Limit of Detection: Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure.United StatesGene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.Uterine Cervical Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.Neoplasm Staging: Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.Pancreatic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Neoplasm Proteins: Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Urinary Bladder Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.Colonic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the COLON.Stomach Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Colorectal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.DNA Methylation: Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.Carcinoma: A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Cell Line, Tumor: A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.Neoplasm Metastasis: The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.Mice, Nude: Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.Carcinoma, Squamous Cell: A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)False Positive Reactions: Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Breast: In humans, one of the paired regions in the anterior portion of the THORAX. The breasts consist of the MAMMARY GLANDS, the SKIN, the MUSCLES, the ADIPOSE TISSUE, and the CONNECTIVE TISSUES.Neoplasm Invasiveness: Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Mouth Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.Gene Expression Profiling: The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.Survival Rate: The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.Primary Prevention: Specific practices for the prevention of disease or mental disorders in susceptible individuals or populations. These include HEALTH PROMOTION, including mental health; protective procedures, such as COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; and monitoring and regulation of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS. Primary prevention is to be distinguished from SECONDARY PREVENTION and TERTIARY PREVENTION.Registries: The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.Breast Self-Examination: The inspection of one's breasts, usually for signs of disease, especially neoplastic disease.DNA, Neoplasm: DNA present in neoplastic tissue.Biopsy, Large-Core Needle: The use of needles usually larger than 14-gauge to remove tissue samples large enough to retain cellular architecture for pathology examination.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Biopsy, Needle: Removal and examination of tissue obtained through a transdermal needle inserted into the specific region, organ, or tissue being analyzed.Molecular Imaging: The use of molecularly targeted imaging probes to localize and/or monitor biochemical and cellular processes via various imaging modalities that include RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FLUORESCENCE IMAGING; and MICROSCOPY.Antigens, Neoplasm: Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Ultrasonography, Mammary: Use of ultrasound for imaging the breast. The most frequent application is the diagnosis of neoplasms of the female breast.Disease Progression: The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.Cancer Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumor cells as the source of antigens, or using tumor-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced.Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.Precancerous Conditions: Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Survival Analysis: A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.Genetic Predisposition to Disease: A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Risk: The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.Palpation: Application of fingers with light pressure to the surface of the body to determine consistence of parts beneath in physical diagnosis; includes palpation for determining the outlines of organs.Diagnostic Imaging: Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.Antineoplastic Agents: Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.False Negative Reactions: Negative test results in subjects who possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of diseased persons as healthy when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.National Cancer Institute (U.S.): Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. Through basic and clinical biomedical research and training, it conducts and supports research with the objective of cancer prevention, early stage identification and elimination. This Institute was established in 1937.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Nipple Aspirate Fluid: Fluid collected from nipple by gentle aspiration. The fluid contains cells and extracellular fluid from the breast ductal epithelium.Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung: A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.Immunoassay: A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.CA-125 Antigen: Carbohydrate antigen most commonly seen in tumors of the ovary and occasionally seen in breast, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract tumors and normal tissue. CA 125 is clearly tumor-associated but not tumor-specific.MicroRNAs: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.Image-Guided Biopsy: Conducting a biopsy procedure with the aid of a MEDICAL IMAGING modality.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional: Minimally invasive procedures guided with the aid of magnetic resonance imaging to visualize tissue structures.Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site.Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols: The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted: Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Tumor Burden: The total amount (cell number, weight, size or volume) of tumor cells or tissue in the body.Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Drug Resistance, Neoplasm: Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures.Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis: Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.Neoplasm Grading: Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the level of CELL DIFFERENTIATION in neoplasms as increasing ANAPLASIA correlates with the aggressiveness of the neoplasm.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Colonoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the colon.Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays: In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectiveness.Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.DNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Receptors, Estrogen: Cytoplasmic proteins that bind estrogens and migrate to the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. Evaluation of the state of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important.Immunoenzyme Techniques: Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.Protein Array Analysis: Ligand-binding assays that measure protein-protein, protein-small molecule, or protein-nucleic acid interactions using a very large set of capturing molecules, i.e., those attached separately on a solid support, to measure the presence or interaction of target molecules in the sample.Carcinoma in Situ: A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted: Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.Survivors: Persons who have experienced a prolonged survival after serious disease or who continue to live with a usually life-threatening condition as well as family members, significant others, or individuals surviving traumatic life events.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Proteomics: The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.Physical Examination: Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality.Contrast Media: Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.Carcinoembryonic Antigen: A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.Rectal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.Tomography: Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Area Under Curve: A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)Cell Transformation, Neoplastic: Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.Esophageal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.Evaluation Studies as Topic: Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Neoplasm Transplantation: Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.Receptor, erbB-2: A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF RECEPTOR, the ERBB-3 RECEPTOR, and the ERBB-4 RECEPTOR. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member.Combined Modality Therapy: The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.Medical Oncology: A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the study of neoplasms.Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted: Application of computer programs designed to assist the physician in solving a diagnostic problem.Liver Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.Endometrial Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.Disease-Free Survival: Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.Positron-Emission Tomography: An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower.Skin Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.Genes, Tumor Suppressor: Genes that inhibit expression of the tumorigenic phenotype. They are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. When tumor suppressor genes are inactivated or lost, a barrier to normal proliferation is removed and unregulated growth is possible.Pilot Projects: Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Radiopharmaceuticals: Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)Image Enhancement: Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural MICROSCOPY, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.Clinical Trials as Topic: Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.Epigenesis, Genetic: A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression.Tumor Suppressor Protein p53: Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene (GENES, P53) whose normal function is to control CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS. A mutant or absent p53 protein has been found in LEUKEMIA; OSTEOSARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; and COLORECTAL CANCER.Prostatectomy: Complete or partial surgical removal of the prostate. Three primary approaches are commonly employed: suprapubic - removal through an incision above the pubis and through the urinary bladder; retropubic - as for suprapubic but without entering the urinary bladder; and transurethral (TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF PROSTATE).Cystoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the urinary bladder.RNA, Small Interfering: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.Head and Neck Neoplasms: Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)Cell Survival: The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.Radiographic Image Enhancement: Improvement in the quality of an x-ray image by use of an intensifying screen, tube, or filter and by optimum exposure techniques. Digital processing methods are often employed.Chemotherapy, Adjuvant: Drug therapy given to augment or stimulate some other form of treatment such as surgery or radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.Molecular Diagnostic Techniques: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY techniques used in the diagnosis of disease.Prostatic Hyperplasia: Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.Anticarcinogenic Agents: Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mechanism involved.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.China: A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.): An agency of the UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE that conducts and supports programs for the prevention and control of disease and provides consultation and assistance to health departments and other countries.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Models, Statistical: Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.American Cancer Society: A voluntary organization concerned with the prevention and treatment of cancer through education and research.Kaplan-Meier Estimate: A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)Tomography, Optical: Projection of near-IR light (INFRARED RAYS), in the 700-1000 nm region, across an object in parallel beams to an array of sensitive photodetectors. This is repeated at various angles and a mathematical reconstruction provides three dimensional MEDICAL IMAGING of tissues. Based on the relative transparency of tissues to this spectra, it has been used to monitor local oxygenation, brain and joints.JapanTransplantation, Heterologous: Transplantation between animals of different species.Genes, BRCA1: A tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) located on human CHROMOSOME 17 at locus 17q21. Mutations of this gene are associated with the formation of HEREDITARY BREAST AND OVARIAN CANCER SYNDROME. It encodes a large nuclear protein that is a component of DNA repair pathways.Tamoxifen: One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM.Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Optical Phenomena: LIGHT, it's processes and properties, and the characteristics of materials interacting with it.Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: Methods used for detecting the amplified DNA products from the polymerase chain reaction as they accumulate instead of at the end of the reaction.Bacteriological Techniques: Techniques used in studying bacteria.Down-Regulation: A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Promoter Regions, Genetic: DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.Genetic Testing: Detection of a MUTATION; GENOTYPE; KARYOTYPE; or specific ALLELES associated with genetic traits, heritable diseases, or predisposition to a disease, or that may lead to the disease in descendants. It includes prenatal genetic testing.Reference Standards: A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.Cisplatin: An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.Melanoma: A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)Flow Cytometry: Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.Neoplastic Stem Cells: Highly proliferative, self-renewing, and colony-forming stem cells which give rise to NEOPLASMS.Polymorphism, Genetic: The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.Reagent Kits, Diagnostic: Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.CpG Islands: Areas of increased density of the dinucleotide sequence cytosine--phosphate diester--guanine. They form stretches of DNA several hundred to several thousand base pairs long. In humans there are about 45,000 CpG islands, mostly found at the 5' ends of genes. They are unmethylated except for those on the inactive X chromosome and some associated with imprinted genes.SEER Program: A cancer registry mandated under the National Cancer Act of 1971 to operate and maintain a population-based cancer reporting system, reporting periodically estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program is a continuing project of the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Among its goals, in addition to assembling and reporting cancer statistics, are the monitoring of annual cancer incident trends and the promoting of studies designed to identify factors amenable to cancer control interventions. (From National Cancer Institute, NIH Publication No. 91-3074, October 1990)Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating: A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.Biosensing Techniques: Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.Bone Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic: Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.Cytodiagnosis: Diagnosis of the type and, when feasible, the cause of a pathologic process by means of microscopic study of cells in an exudate or other form of body fluid. (Stedman, 26th ed)Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A premalignant change arising in the prostatic epithelium, regarded as the most important and most likely precursor of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The neoplasia takes the form of an intra-acinar or ductal proliferation of secretory cells with unequivocal nuclear anaplasia, which corresponds to nuclear grade 2 and 3 invasive prostate cancer.Cell Movement: The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.Equipment Design: Methods of creating machines and devices.Image Processing, Computer-Assisted: A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.Rectum: The distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, between the SIGMOID COLON and the ANAL CANAL.Receptors, Progesterone: Specific proteins found in or on cells of progesterone target tissues that specifically combine with progesterone. The cytosol progesterone-receptor complex then associates with the nucleic acids to initiate protein synthesis. There are two kinds of progesterone receptors, A and B. Both are induced by estrogen and have short half-lives.Tumor Cells, Cultured: Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal: Antineoplastic agents that are used to treat hormone-sensitive tumors. Hormone-sensitive tumors may be hormone-dependent, hormone-responsive, or both. A hormone-dependent tumor regresses on removal of the hormonal stimulus, by surgery or pharmacological block. Hormone-responsive tumors may regress when pharmacologic amounts of hormones are administered regardless of whether previous signs of hormone sensitivity were observed. The major hormone-responsive cancers include carcinomas of the breast, prostate, and endometrium; lymphomas; and certain leukemias. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994, p2079)Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Cell Proliferation: All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.Neoplasms, Second Primary: Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause.
Malvika Sabharwal
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Ovarian cancerLung cancersPreventableIncidenceMutationsResearchersColorectal cancersSymptomsOncologyApproachesResearchCurableTreatmentsTypes of cancersHereditaryRadiotherapyInterventionPopulationsObesity-related CancersStrategiesBrca1Breast cancer riskTumorBehaviorsSkin cancers are diagnosedAwarenessIncreasesPrimary preventionPancreatic cancerMammographyMelanomaTherapiesAsymptomaticDiagnosesCommonSurvival ratesCervical CancersEpidemiology2020Clinical trialsTobaccoInterventionsProgressionProstate Cancer PreventionStageOccurProvenTherapeutic
Ovarian cancer62
- PURPOSE: This research study is collecting specimens and data to develop better methods for early detection and prevention of ovarian cancer among the high risk population and those who have the disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- To identify and develop highly sensitive and specific tumor markers for the detection and management of ovarian cancer and other gynecological malignancies. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- To identify measures to improve the quality of life for women at increased risk for developing the disease and for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- In the future, if any of the experimental tumor markers are found to be effective in detecting early stage ovarian cancer, and the patient's result is abnormal, the patient and physician will be notified. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Subjects may be asked to complete a combination of questionnaires designed to evaluate psychological functioning among women enrolled in a comprehensive ovarian cancer early detection program who are at increased risk for developing disease as compared to women currently diagnosed with ovarian cancer. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Women who are at increased risk of ovarian cancer based on family or personal medical history who are participating in the Northwestern Ovarian Cancer Early Detection and Prevention Program clinic. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Subject's blood collected at their follow-up blood draw will be assessed for biomarkers that could lead to a panel for detecting early stage ovarian cancer. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Questionnaires designed to assess quality of life for women at increased risk of ovarian cancer will be administered to the subjects. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Identification and development of highly sensitive and specific tumor markers for the detection and management of ovarian cancer and other gynecological malignancies [ Time Frame: Outcomes will be assessed at the completion of the study. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Early detection of ovarian cancer might improve clinical outcome. (aacrjournals.org)
- Some studies have shown the role of cytokines as a new group of tumor markers for ovarian cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
- Concentrations of 24 cytokines (cytokines/chemokines, growth, and angiogenic factors) in combination with cancer antigen-125 (CA-125), were measured in sera of 44 patients with early-stage ovarian cancer, 45 healthy women, and 37 patients with benign pelvic tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
- Six markers, i.e., interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and CA-125, showed significant differences in serum concentrations between ovarian cancer and control groups. (aacrjournals.org)
- The classification tree analysis for discrimination of benign condition from ovarian cancer used CA-125, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), IL-6, EGF, and VEGF resulting in 86.5% sensitivity and 93.0% specificity. (aacrjournals.org)
- The presented data show that simultaneous testing of a panel of serum cytokines and CA-125 using LabMAP technology may present a promising approach for ovarian cancer detection. (aacrjournals.org)
- Ovarian cancer represents the third most frequent cancer of the female genital tract. (aacrjournals.org)
- Transvaginal sonography alone or combined with Doppler and morphologic indices, are only sensitive and specific for established tumors, and are, therefore, not suitable for early diagnostics of ovarian cancer ( 6 , 9 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Recently, a novel technology, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been offered for early detection of ovarian cancer ( 10 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- However, in two other studies of early detection of ovarian cancer using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the results were less optimistic, demonstrating 72.8% to 95.7% sensitivity and 82.6% to 94.9% specificity ( 12 , 13 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Improving the prevention and early detection of ovarian carcinomas will be a critical component of reducing morbidity and mortality from ovarian cancer. (nap.edu)
- Although scientists' understanding about the early carcinogenic events of ovarian cancer is incomplete (see Chapter 2 ), researchers have identified several factors associated with either an increased or a decreased risk of developing ovarian cancer (see Table 3-1 ). (nap.edu)
- A critical drawback, however, is that nearly all of the identified risk factors are associated predominantly with the less common and less lethal ovarian cancer subtypes and not with the most common and lethal type-high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). (nap.edu)
- As noted in Chapter 1 , ovarian cancer incidence also increases with age, and the age-adjusted incidence rate for women ages 65 and older is more than five times the incidence rate for women younger than age 65 (Howlader et al. (nap.edu)
- 2015). Race and ethnicity have variable associations with ovarian cancer (see Chapter 1 for more on the role of race and ethnicity in ovarian cancer demographics). (nap.edu)
- A family history of ovarian cancer has a strong association with risk for ovarian cancer, and having a large number of first-degree biological relatives with an ovarian carcinoma increases a woman's risk (Jervis et al. (nap.edu)
- As a result, specific germline (inherited) genetic mutations are among the most well-established risk factors associated with ovarian cancer (Shulman and Dungan, 2010). (nap.edu)
- Table 3-2 describes some common genetic mutations and hereditary cancer syndromes that are found among women with ovarian cancer. (nap.edu)
- Recent research suggests that the deadliest form of ovarian cancer, high grade serous adenocarcinoma, actually originates in the fallopian tubes. (cancer.gov)
- When ovarian cancer has not spread beyond the ovaries (stage I), up to 90% of patients can be cured with currently available surgery and chemotherapy . (clicktocurecancer.info)
- As diagnosis of ovarian cancer is generally made at surgery, a positive predictive value of 10% implies ten operations for each case of ovarian cancer diagnosed. (clicktocurecancer.info)
- Three approaches have been utilized for early detection of ovarian cancer: transvaginal sonography (TVS), serum tumor markers, and a two-phase strategy where an abnormal blood test triggers TVS. (clicktocurecancer.info)
- 2001). In prevalence screens, sensitivity for stage I ovarian cancer did not exceed 90% (Bast et al. (clicktocurecancer.info)
- Among the circulating tumor markers for ovarian cancer, CA125 has been evaluated most extensively. (clicktocurecancer.info)
- 1995). Rising CA125 values are associated with ovarian cancer, presumably related to progressive growth of the source of the antigen. (clicktocurecancer.info)
- Steven Skates has developed a computer algorithm that estimates risk of ovarian cancer based on change point analysis. (clicktocurecancer.info)
- and 50,000 are monitored with annual CA125 with TVS performed if the risk of ovarian cancer is sufficiently high as judged by the Skates algorithm. (clicktocurecancer.info)
- At the time of conventional diagnosis, CA125 levels exceed 35 U/ml in 50%-60% of patients with stage I ovarian cancer (Bast et al. (clicktocurecancer.info)
- BRCA1/2 mutations also increase the risk of ovarian cancer. (komen.org)
- It is important to remember that having a BRCA1/2 mutation does not guarantee a woman will develop breast (or ovarian) cancer. (komen.org)
- In premenopausal women, removing the ovaries can further reduce risk of both breast cancer and ovarian cancer. (komen.org)
- Clinical research studies led by CCRA investigators are testing new and more advanced approaches to early detection of ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer and other malignancies. (massgeneral.org)
- In the case of breast and ovarian cancers, inherited mutations in two genes - BRCA1 and BRCA2 - have been found to greatly increase the lifetime risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. (texasoncology.com)
- Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 alteration are much more likely than other women to develop breast or ovarian cancer. (texasoncology.com)
- By comparison, among women in the general U.S. population, approximately 13 percent will develop breast cancer and less than 2 percent will develop ovarian cancer. (texasoncology.com)
- About one in every seventy women will get ovarian cancer in their lifetime. (brighamandwomens.org)
- The conventional way to diagnose the ovarian cancer is usually after a woman comes in with a complaint. (brighamandwomens.org)
- Women who are born with these mutations have a much greater risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer in their lifetime and it may be as high as 80 percent for breast cancer for some of these genes, and as high as 40 percent for ovarian cancer. (brighamandwomens.org)
- So in general, if a woman is known to have the mutation, it is recommended that she consider having her ovaries and fallopian tubes removed around age 40 because at age 40 the risk begins to accelerate, that she might develop ovarian cancer. (brighamandwomens.org)
- It will reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by about 90 percent. (brighamandwomens.org)
- For example, you can reduce the risk of developing ovarian cancer, a woman can, if she has multiple births or if she gives birth multiple times during her life. (brighamandwomens.org)
- Women on oral contraceptive pills have a reduced risk of ovarian cancer as well as breast cancer. (brighamandwomens.org)
- Even tubal ligation, which of course is a sterilization technique, for some reason reduces the risk of developing ovarian cancer. (brighamandwomens.org)
- We developed a protocol around 2005 for examining the fallopian tubes of women to see if we could identify the origins of ovarian cancer. (brighamandwomens.org)
- And the reason the fallopian tubes would be taken would be specifically to reduce her risk of developing ovarian cancer. (brighamandwomens.org)
- Retrospective epidemiologic studies of women who've had their fallopian tubes removed by themselves -- in other words they do studies where they find populations where this is done -- have shown about a 50 percent reduction in ovarian cancer risk. (brighamandwomens.org)
- Ovarian cancer is a disease in which tumor cells are found in the ovaries. (brighamandwomens.org)
- Ovarian cancer treatment depends on the type of ovarian cancer, as well as the patient's age, medical history, and tolerance and preference for specific treatment options. (brighamandwomens.org)
- In the Boston area, patients seeking ovarian cancer treatment can find expert and compassionate care at the Gynecologic Oncology Program at Brigham and Women's Hospital. (brighamandwomens.org)
- Christopher P. Crum, MD, Division Chief of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, discusses ovarian cancer risk, steps that can be taken to reduce ovarian cancer risk and techniques for detecting ovarian cancer at earlier stages of the disease. (brighamandwomens.org)
- Because of this, the Gynecologic Oncology Program at Brigham and Women's Hospital can offer ovarian cancer treatment based on the very latest research. (brighamandwomens.org)
- Because Brigham and Women's Hospital is a major research institution, patients may have the opportunity to participate in clinical trials where some of the most advanced forms of ovarian cancer treatment are being evaluated. (brighamandwomens.org)
- Our researchers are evaluating new alternatives to treat ovarian cancer such as biologic therapies that use the immune system to fight cancer and targeted therapies that use drugs or other substances to attack cancerous cells but not normal cells. (brighamandwomens.org)
Lung cancers5
- Our researchers are working on clinical studies to find better methods of detecting lung cancers at the earliest possible stages. (seattlecca.org)
- 2013 - We show that people with advanced oesophageal cancer benefit from a chemotherapy drug commonly used to treat breat, prostate and lung cancers. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- Not all lung cancers can be prevented, but there are some ways you can reduce your risk of getting lung cancer. (nayatihealthcare.com)
- Most lung cancers do not cause any symptoms until they have spread too far to be cured, but symptoms do occur in some people with early lung cancer. (nayatihealthcare.com)
- These are non-starchy vegetables that contain dietary fiber, folate, carotenoids (including beta-carotene) and vitamin C. The compounds in these vegetables have shown convincing evidence that they lower your risk of colorectal cancer, and may reduce your risk for mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophageal, stomach, pancreas and lung cancers as well. (orlandohealth.com)
Preventable9
- Over half the projects funded have focused on preventable cancers which include breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, oral, prostate and skin (so far, no projects have been funded for testicular cancer). (preventcancer.org)
- Colon cancer is largely preventable. (roswellpark.org)
- Minister of Public Health Dr Firozuddin Feroz underlined that many cancer deaths are preventable Data on the burden of cancer in Afghanistan is scarce and often not of good quality, making it difficult to assess the impact of cancer in the country. (who.int)
- Collectively, research performed since the 1964 Report demonstrates unequivocally that the majority of deaths from lung cancer are preventable. (aacrjournals.org)
- These facts clearly demonstrate the critical importance of tobacco control in disease prevention and illustrate beyond any reasonable doubt that the majority of lung cancer is preventable. (aacrjournals.org)
- Skin cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis, and it's the most preventable cancer. (wordpress.com)
- Despite being very common, skin cancer is preventable. (loyolamedicine.org)
- Nearly 13,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year in the United States, but this disease is preventable with vaccinations and regular screenings (Pap and HPV tests). (plannedparenthood.org)
- Cervical cancer can be detected in the very early stages by cervical smears and should be almost entirely preventable. (kidney.org.uk)
Incidence22
- The incidence of oropharyngeal SCC is rising, and the Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) now recognizes HPV as a risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer. (hindawi.com)
- Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the incidence is growing. (igi-global.com)
- For years Primary Health Care (PHC) has played a vital role in promoting health, but little has been done in emphasizing its role in reducing the incidence of and mortality from cancer through performing early diagnosis. (igi-global.com)
- The incidence of liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been steadily rising in the United States, secondary to the increased incidence of hepatitis. (labroots.com)
- Obesity rates continue to rise, driving up the incidence of obesity-driven cancers. (cancer.gov)
- It could be due in part to the slight increase in incidence since 2004, as well as a sign that optimal breast cancer treatment has become more widespread, particularly among white women," said Carol DeSantis, MPH, lead author of the report. (cancer.org)
- the selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial ( SELECT) study showed an increased prostate cancer incidence following. (levafriska.se)
- Although incidence rates of the disease has risen in most countries, with advent of better therapies survival has lengthened, cure rates have increased and death rates due to cancer decreased dramatically over the last two decades. (news-medical.net)
- The incidence of cancer in India is lower than in Western nations, but the mortality is higher suggesting low health service effectiveness. (frontiersin.org)
- Probably for the same reason, while the incidence of cancer among persons living in rural areas is half that of urban dwellers, their age-adjusted standardized mortality rates from cancer are similar. (frontiersin.org)
- Cultural, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities contribute to a higher-than-state-average incidence and mortality of cancer in some of our neighboring communities. (massgeneral.org)
- There has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of bowel cancer in adults under the age of 50, according to new research from the University of Bristol, UWE Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust. (news-medical.net)
- A population-based analysis from England indicates that the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing rapidly in young adults. (news-medical.net)
- The burden of colorectal cancer is swiftly shifting to younger individuals as incidence increases in young adults and declines in older age groups, according to the latest edition of Colorectal Cancer Statistics 2020, a publication of the American Cancer Society. (news-medical.net)
- Cancer is a leading cause of death, and cancer incidence is expected to increase worldwide in the coming decades. (house.gov)
- The changing patterns of cancer in Japan suggest a clear opportunity for reducing, the incidence of cancer through lifestyle modification. (elsevier.com)
- Even allowing for improvements in detection (i.e., the introduction of routine mammography), there has been a long-term gradual increase in the incidence of breast cancer since the early 1970s, but because of the more effective treatment afforded by such early detection, overall mortality began to decrease by the mid-1990s. (thefreedictionary.com)
- a coincident drop in the incidence of breast cancer tumors, especially estrogen-positive tumors, which apparently could not be accounted for by other causes, strongly suggested a link between the two. (thefreedictionary.com)
- While it is still considered a rare cancer, accounting for an estimated 1% of all new cancer diagnoses and deaths in 2013, the incidence rate of liver cancer has tripled in Canadian men and doubled in women since 1970. (cancer.ca)
- Between 1970 and 2007, there was an average annual increase of 3.6% per year in liver cancer incidence for men. (cancer.ca)
- Although rates of colorectal cancer incidence have been declining over the past two decades, the number of new cases has increased substantially due to population growth and aging. (cancer.ca)
- Among HPV-infected women, current and former smokers have roughly two to three times the incidence of invasive cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Mutations24
- He will describe how the catechol estrogen quinones react with DNA to produce specific mutations that may trigger breast, prostate and other human cancers and show how the results of recent studies give rise to targets for preventing the disease. (bio-medicine.org)
- How will the discovery of the mutations in cancer cells be used to improve the early detection of cancer? (ascopost.com)
- The program consists of a yearly assessment and monitoring frequency of somatic mutations (Genetic Stability Assessment) which can anticipate the development of cancer several years in advance before any cancer develops and is visible with imaging. (euromedclinicdubai.com)
- However, having certain inherited gene mutations can greatly increase the risk of breast cancer. (komen.org)
- The most common and most well recognized are mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (BReast CAncer genes 1 and 2). (komen.org)
- 2 And, only about five to 10 percent of all breast cancers diagnosed in the U.S. are linked to inherited gene mutations or a strong family history of breast cancer. (komen.org)
- Many women with these mutations will never have cancer. (komen.org)
- Cancer is a disease, which is caused by genomic instability and accumulation of mutations. (uni-heidelberg.de)
- Mutations of coding microsatellites results in the translation of proteins with mutation-induced frameshift peptides (neoantigens) rendering MSI cancers highly immunogenic. (uni-heidelberg.de)
- MSI cancers express a defined set of shared neoantigens resulting from functionally relevant driver mutations. (uni-heidelberg.de)
- Utilization of neo-antigens in cancers caused by deficient DNA mismatch repair mechanisms resulting from the accumulation of mutations particularly in repetitive sequence elements (microsatellite-unstable or MSI-H cancers). (uni-heidelberg.de)
- High numbers of PDCD1 (PD-1)-positive T cells and B2M mutations in microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer. (uni-heidelberg.de)
- Genetic testing can identify gene mutations that may increase the risk of prostate cancer. (scripps.org)
- There are other breast cancer gene mutations, but they're less common, and most don't increase the risk as much as BRCA gene mutations. (scripps.org)
- Genetic testing can identify mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and other genes that may raise your risk of breast cancer. (scripps.org)
- CCRA studies were among the first to demonstrate the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Jewish and non-Jewish women with early-onset breast cancer and the frequency of p16 gene mutations in patients who have a family history of malignant melanoma. (massgeneral.org)
- The CCRA Clinical Cancer Genetics Program has specialized clinics that provide clinical information, genetic counseling, and, when appropriate, molecular diagnostic testing for patients and their relatives who are at risk for germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes. (massgeneral.org)
- Research has shown that 5%-10% of breast cancers are associated with mutations (defects) in two genes known as breast cancer-associated (BRCA) genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 . (rxlist.com)
- Other rare genetic mutations are also associated with an increased risk for the development of breast cancer, including mutations of the tumor suppressor gene p53 , the PTEN gene, the PALB2 gene, and the ATM ( ataxia-telangiectasia mutation ) gene. (rxlist.com)
- 5 Mutations in the CHEK2 gene also appear to contribute to some cases of familial breast cancer. (texasoncology.com)
- Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is a rare and deadly form of gastric cancer that can result from CDH1 mutations. (texasoncology.com)
- Patients harboring EGFR mutations represent a subgroup of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high sensitivity to EGFR-Tyrosine kinase inhibitors. (iaslc.org)
- This group is at least ten times more likely than the general population to inherit certain kinds of genetic mutations associated with cancer risk. (facingourrisk.org)
- Thirty genes will be analyzed, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, to identify mutations that increase the chance of cancer in both men and women of Ashkenazi (Eastern European) Jewish ancestry and genetic counseling support will be available with every test. (facingourrisk.org)
Researchers31
- Researchers will identify effective, sustainable cancer prevention and early detection strategies that involve individuals, family members, caregivers, health care providers and systems, and the community at large, and significantly improve the degree to which they are integrated within clinical and community care settings. (cancer.gov)
- HPV is a major cause of cervical cancer that has led researchers at NCI to develop the technology used to create an HPV vaccine to prevent cervical cancer. (cancer.gov)
- To improve cancer prevention through HPV vaccination, NCI researchers, in collaboration with investigators in Costa Rica, are studying HPV vaccine efficacy. (cancer.gov)
- About 2/3 has supported researchers who are early in their independent careers. (preventcancer.org)
- The Foundation's funding for early-career researchers gives them the means to pursue fresh and innovative ideas. (preventcancer.org)
- Although FY 10 was challenging due to the economic downturn, the Foundation is committed to funding early-career researchers and to support the vital role they play in advancing cancer prevention and early detection. (preventcancer.org)
- Understanding Cancer Initiation Could Help In Early Detection And Prevention ( Cancer researchers have discovered that. (bio-medicine.org)
- Cancer researchers have discovered that metabolites of natural estroge. (bio-medicine.org)
- Cancer researchers have discovered that metabolites of natural estrogens can react with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to cause specific damage that initiates the series of events leading to breast, prostate and other human cancers. (bio-medicine.org)
- 2016 - Researchers find a new and potentially better way to spot oesophageal cancer at an early stage . (cancerresearchuk.org)
- From studying the biology of oesophageal cancer cells in the lab to leading clinical trials testing cutting-edge treatments, our researchers are working hard to ensure more people survive oesophageal cancer. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- As part of our mission to eliminate cancer, MD Anderson researchers conduct hundreds of clinical trials to test new treatments for both common and rare cancers. (mdanderson.org)
- This risk is far less than the risk caused by smoking, but some researchers estimate that worldwide about 5% of all deaths from lung cancer may be due to outdoor air pollution. (nayatihealthcare.com)
- Researchers are working towards better ways to provide emotional support to cope with cancers. (news-medical.net)
- This year is ending on a high note for researchers working in the cancer field here in Manchester. (manchester.ac.uk)
- But this isn't the only achievement made by cancer researchers here in the city this year. (manchester.ac.uk)
- The exact causes of prostate cancer are not known, and researchers are continually trying to learn more about what may raise or lower a man's risk. (scripps.org)
- Researchers don't know the exact causes of prostate cancer. (scripps.org)
- Researchers continue to study whether some drugs and dietary supplements may help reduce prostate cancer risk, but so far, nothing has been proven. (scripps.org)
- Historically, African American women are prone to more aggressive types of breast cancer tumors, which has led researchers and those who have adopted the concept of population-focused care to believe that biological traits help explain the rapid, aggressive growth of the primary tumor in African American breast cancer patients. (minoritynurse.com)
- Like with most types of cancers, cancer scientists and researchers have not discovered conclusive methods of breast cancer prevention. (minoritynurse.com)
- Using standard-of-care computed tomography scans in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, researchers utilized artificial intelligence to train algorithms to predict tumor sensitivity to three systemic cancer therapies. (news-medical.net)
- Researchers at Uppsala University have succeeded in developing a substance that has demonstrated promising results in experiments on both animal models and human cancer cells. (news-medical.net)
- Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis appear to have discovered a way to make radiation therapy for colorectal cancer more effective by inhibiting a protein found in cancer cells in the gut. (news-medical.net)
- Amid alarming projections that global cancer rates will skyrocket, researchers from around the country gathered at Harvard on Monday to share their latest findings and to launch a center whose aim is to boost early detection and prevention. (harvard.edu)
- Researchers are beginning to identify genetic factors that contribute to the development of gastric cancer in some individuals. (texasoncology.com)
- In this study, researchers want to determine the optimal amount of exercise needed to change certain factors associated with breast cancer risk for post-menopausal, high-risk women. (facingourrisk.org)
- Researchers disagree whether ejaculating more often makes men of all ages less likely to get prostate cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Researchers in this study found that men in their 20s and 30s who ejaculated more often were actually at an increased risk of prostate cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The charity funds the work of over 4,000 researchers, doctors and nurses throughout the UK, supports over 200 clinical trials and studies cancer and cancer risk in over a million people in the UK. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition to funding individual researchers and projects, CRUK has several research institutes: The Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, which sits within the University of Glasgow and has close ties to the Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre. (wikipedia.org)
Colorectal cancers4
- Colorectal cancers are the fourth most common cancer in the United States, and the National Cancer Institute estimates about 1 in 20 will develop the cancer in their lifetime. (roswellpark.org)
- Accounting for about 2 percent of all colorectal cancers, this type affects people at a younger and the average age at diagnosis is 44. (roswellpark.org)
- Cancer screenings for breast, cervical and colorectal cancers will be provided, with any necessary follow-up care. (preventcancer.org)
- These tumors constitute a substantial part of colorectal cancers, but also a wide variety of cancers outside the colorectum. (uni-heidelberg.de)
Symptoms19
- Dr Kakil Abdul Rasul, senior consultant oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, said while the early diagnosis of liver cancer can be challenging as many of the signs and symptoms do not appear until it is in its later stages, identifying the disease early allows for more treatment options. (gulf-times.com)
- Learn more about possible lung cancer symptoms . (seattlecca.org)
- As a consequence of prevention campaigns and periodic testing in women that don´t present any symptoms, the tumours being discovered are smaller and smaller. (cun.es)
- The main reason cardiovascular disease and cancer can damage and even end the lives of so many people prematurely is because these conditions tend to progress silently for many years before producing any symptoms whatsoever. (grossmanwellness.com)
- Speaking at the event, the First Lady of Afghanistan Rula Ghani said: "cancer is a dangerous disease as it doesn't always have clear signs and symptoms. (who.int)
- Equipping healthcare workers with the right tools and knowledge to recognize early signs and symptoms of cancer is essential. (who.int)
- Liver cancer cannot be detected at an early stage because signs and symptoms appear only at its later or advanced stages. (labroots.com)
- If you go to your doctor when you first notice symptoms, your cancer might be diagnosed at an earlier stage, when treatment is more likely to be effective. (nayatihealthcare.com)
- Know the potential symptoms or warning signs of cancer. (clevelandclinic.org)
- . Knowledge about the signs and symptoms of cancer and the available resources for early diagnosis and treatment, especially among women can go a long way in saving lives and preventing tragedy and loss to families across the world. (medindia.net)
- What are new ways of finding cancer in people before they have any symptoms? (oralcancerfoundation.org)
- Research based medical information about the symptoms and treatment of skin cancer. (emaxhealth.com)
- What are Prostate Cancer Symptoms and Signs? (pcf.org)
- If you've recently been diagnosed with prostate cancer, you may be asking yourself if there were warning signs or symptoms you should have noticed earlier. (pcf.org)
- Remember: urinary symptoms don't necessarily mean you have cancer. (pcf.org)
- For people with symptoms or at higher risk of colorectal cancer, it is important that they talk to their doctors. (cancer.ca)
- Early on, typically no symptoms are seen. (wikipedia.org)
- The early stages of cervical cancer may be completely free of symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
- Also, moderate pain during sexual intercourse and vaginal discharge are symptoms of cervical cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Oncology7
- Daily online exclusives cover late breaking oncology news, safe handling and administration of chemotherapy drugs, side effect management, and new developments in specific cancers. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- For thorough discussions of tobacco cessation, control, and policy issues, which are also clearly critical for lung cancer prevention, we refer the reader to recent summaries published by the American Association for Cancer Research and the American Society of Clinical Oncology ( 5, 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Information about NCI programs and initiatives that sponsor, conduct, develop, or support clinical trials, including NCI's Clinical Trial Network (NCTN) and NCI Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) initiatives to transform cancer clinical trials to be more flexible and responsive to the rapid advances being made in oncologic sciences. (cancer.gov)
- The National Research Oncology Center (NROC) provides treatments and therapies for men and women with breast cancers, throughout all phases of their disease. (nroc.kz)
- Texas Oncology is ready to help you fight cancer. (texasoncology.com)
- Texas Oncology is a group with more than 420 physicians focused on treating cancer and blood disorders. (texasoncology.com)
- This program will review radiation therapy for lung cancer highlights from the recent 2016 annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). (iaslc.org)
Approaches14
- To identify new prevention approaches and therapies. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Identification of new prevention approaches and therapies [ Time Frame: Outcomes will be assessed at the completion of the study. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Research suggests that these important preventative disciplines can be just as valuable as conventional prevention approaches, such as diet and vitamin supplements. (knowcancer.com)
- Here in the Prevention Section, we will illuminate the medically celbrated methods of prevention, as well as some of the less conventional approaches. (knowcancer.com)
- The objective of this article is to provide an overview on studies aimed at evaluating blood markers for early detection of CRC and to summarize performance characteristics of the various approaches. (aacrjournals.org)
- Currently available cancer prevention and early-detection approaches have the potential to reduce a large proportion of the cancer burden in the population. (aacrjournals.org)
- New PPED approaches that exploit the growing knowledge of molecular and biological cancer mechanisms should be developed and implemented. (aacrjournals.org)
- Simultaneously, the recognition of the link between smoking and lung cancer paved the way for two additional critical approaches to cancer prevention that are discussed here: detection of lung cancer at an early, curable stage, and chemoprevention of lung cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
- There are diverse approaches to lung cancer prevention, ranging from basic science investigations of tobacco smoke carcinogens to behavioral interventions, early detection, chemoprevention, and policy. (aacrjournals.org)
- To better guide our cellular therapy approaches, we've conducted the largest and most comprehensive analysis of tumor-associated immune signatures of pancreatic cancer to date. (mdanderson.org)
- What approaches can prevent a specific type of cancer from developing in people who have not previously had cancer? (oralcancerfoundation.org)
- The main goal of the project is the development of novel approaches for early detection, diagnosis and prevention using state-of-the-art bioinformatics tools for the prediction of novel target structures. (uni-heidelberg.de)
- Many new approaches are emerging for preventing cancers of the breast and other organs. (massgeneral.org)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital is a world leader in minimally invasive surgical approaches to gynecologic cancers. (brighamandwomens.org)
Research79
- In this Review, we discuss the present evidence and research questions regarding prevention, early detection of prostate cancer, and management of men either at high risk of prostate cancer or diagnosed with low-grade prostate cancer. (urotoday.com)
- The goal of this recommendation is to research, develop, test, and adopt evidence-based strategies to significantly reduce cancer risk in all populations. (cancer.gov)
- As part of the 25th anniversary of the Prevent Cancer Foundation, we decided to take a broad look at our funding of external research since 1985. (preventcancer.org)
- The Foundation is a small, gutsy organization of about 25, and its mission is prevention and early detection in research, as well as education and community outreach. (preventcancer.org)
- To create the big picture of the "who/what/where/when" of our funding over the years, we used our researcher database, which now holds the records for most of the research funded since the early days of the Foundation. (preventcancer.org)
- Find out more about Cancer Council SA's research initiatives. (cancersa.org.au)
- Although many cancer diagnoses are associated with unavoidable genetic, ethnic, and gender-oriented risk factors, research has linked a wide range of lifestyle choices to the prevention of cancer. (knowcancer.com)
- That research led to the understanding that p53 was involved not just in the development of colon cancer but in most types of cancer. (ascopost.com)
- In February, Dr. Vogelstein was recognized for this early discovery and for his life's achievements in cancer research with a $3 million Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences award. (ascopost.com)
- Recently, The ASCO Post talked with Dr. Vogelstein about how he will use his $3 million prize, the impact of his early research on genomic sequencing, and his current investigations of the prevention and early detection of cancer. (ascopost.com)
- Some of the money will go to pay for my grandchildren's education, some will go to support my wife's passion, which is in early childhood education, and some of it will go to support my current research. (ascopost.com)
- One of the major outcomes of the revolution in cancer research is an elucidation of the genetic alterations that are responsible for the onset and progression of cancer. (ascopost.com)
- Globally WHO works with partners to increase political commitment for cancer prevention and control, coordinate and conduct research on the causes of cancer and monitor the cancer burden. (who.int)
- The recognition of the link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer in the 1964 Surgeon General's Report initiated definitive and comprehensive research on the identification of carcinogens in tobacco products and the relevant mechanisms of carcinogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
- We will present some highlights of this research ( Table 1 ) and discuss what needs to be accomplished to further advance lung cancer prevention. (aacrjournals.org)
- Among these are more than 70 carcinogens classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as having sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity in either laboratory animals or humans ( 8, 9 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- In order to improve and validate the non-invasive detection method, the research team is conducting an extensive clinical trial. (labroots.com)
- Cancer research is more than just the study of diagnostics and novel therapies. (labroots.com)
- Our team of expert journalists brings you all angles of the cancer story - from breaking news and survivor stories to in-depth insights into cutting-edge research. (cancer.org)
- This research increased the length of time before the cancer started growing again, giving people precious more time. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- Want to find more information about our research or oesophageal cancer? (cancerresearchuk.org)
- Cancer Research UK is a registered charity in England and Wales (1089464), Scotland (SC041666) and the Isle of Man (1103). (cancerresearchuk.org)
- But there is ongoing research about risk factors for many types of cancer. (yourcareeverywhere.com)
- Making sustained progress against cancer requires advances across the research continuum, from the biology of cancer cells to studies of large populations. (cancer.gov)
- Learn about the breadth of NCI's work and the programs the institute supports to advance cancer research. (cancer.gov)
- NCI supports research on the development of tests and imaging technologies that can provide specific information about an individual's cancer. (cancer.gov)
- NCI's prevention research has a broad focus, from identifying environmental and lifestyle factors that influence cancer risk to studying the biology of how cancer develops and studying ways to disseminate prevention interventions. (cancer.gov)
- NCI is confronting the global burden of cancer by creating sustainable international partnerships, supporting programs that address global gaps in research and scientific training, and disseminating information and best practices that drive improvements in cancer research and cancer control. (cancer.gov)
- According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) records, over 12 lakh new cases of cancers are diagnosed and over eight lakh succumb to most cancers every yr. (motivness.com)
- Research is continuously on to find methods that treat and cure the cancer without severely debilitating the patient. (news-medical.net)
- Research also focuses of several foods and supplements that may help prevent cancers. (news-medical.net)
- Our research program will demonstrate that circulating DNA released from tumors after high-dose radiation (SBRT, SRS) can be used as an anatomically-directed liquid biopsy to aid in the diagnosis and management of cancer. (cancer.gov)
- and (iv) hybrid effectiveness-implementation research combined with modelling studies to evaluate the long-term population outcomes of risk-based early detection strategies. (who.int)
- In 1993, with the establishment of the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the pink ribbon came to symbolize breast cancer awareness , although it had previously signified breast cancer. (medindia.net)
- With today's announcement of more than £42m of investment from Cancer Research UK, the city is now firmly established among the world's elite for finding new treatments and prevention strategies for this disease. (manchester.ac.uk)
- In September we announced a new research programme to diagnose cancers early, potentially saving many lives and saving the NHS millions of pounds. (manchester.ac.uk)
- One of the major scientific discoveries of the last few years, graphene, also has applications for cancer research and £5.2m of investment could potentially develop targeted drug delivery systems to attack cancer cells. (manchester.ac.uk)
- MD Anderson is home to the leading cancer research institutes in the nation. (mdanderson.org)
- With expertise in cancer prevention, risk assessment and the advancing of applied sciences to cancer research, the institutes at MD Anderson are unified in their goals to reduce risk and prevent cancer through science. (mdanderson.org)
- Learn more about findings in breast cancer research ranging from gender and genetic factors to the impact diet and work patterns can have. (humana.com)
- While the debate on that issue continues, science knows one thing for sure: blocking the sun for fear of cancer has been proven not to be a disadvantage to health, according to new research. (emaxhealth.com)
- In fact, the Center for Cancer Research at the National Cancer Institute has discovered fundamental differences in the characteristics of the primary tumor between Caucasian and African American women. (minoritynurse.com)
- According to the Center for Cancer Research, it is the non-biological factors that act directly to either influence or inhibit the various consequences associated with primary tumor growth. (minoritynurse.com)
- But today, cancer research is on the cusp of major breakthroughs. (house.gov)
- The Task Force shall work with a wide array of executive departments and agencies that have responsibility for key issues related to basic, translational, and clinical research, therapy development, regulation of medical products, and medical care related to cancer. (house.gov)
- Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Early detection and prevention of cancers in various therapeutic areas. (elsevier.com)
- The CCRA laboratory has an active research program aimed at identifying additional common genetic variations in the population that may be associated with an increased risk for developing breast cancer. (massgeneral.org)
- During this time he has researched and developed methods for early detection of cancer and other degenerative diseases, and continues to research additional methods and tests to compliment his original work. (americanmetaboliclaboratories.net)
- Rebbeck made his comments at the new center's inaugural symposium, "Reinventing Cancer Prevention and Early Detection for the 21st Century," held in Harvard Medical School's New Research Building. (harvard.edu)
- See our work on clinical practice, through our cancer research program and clinician education agenda. (cancer.org.au)
- Use our HBOC Research Search tool to find and participate in research focused on hereditaty cancers. (facingourrisk.org)
- This study will validate and evaluate the performance of the IMMray PanCan-d test for pancreatic cancer diagnosis in comparison to standard of care imaging currently used in pancreatic cancer disease surveillance by the research sites' institutions. (facingourrisk.org)
- The research that we're particularly interested in as pathologists is to really try to understand where all of these high grade cancers come from. (brighamandwomens.org)
- The goal of this research study is to determine if online genetic education and testing with online telephone genetic counseling is an acceptable method of delivering genetic testing to men with metastatic prostate cancer. (facingourrisk.org)
- The goal of this research study is to test the effects of online genetic education alone or in combination with telephone genetic counseling in order to compare the two methods and the stress a person feels about their risk of cancer. (facingourrisk.org)
- The purpose of this research study is to test whether metformin, a drug commonly used to treat diabetes, is able to get rid of atypia (early cell changes that are thought to be a marker of breast cancer risk) in women at increased risk for breast cancer. (facingourrisk.org)
- From all the research conclusions that are available, the evidence may point to a link between increased frequency of ejaculation and a man's risk of prostate cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- However, due to the inconsistent and contradictory conclusions, more research is needed to determine if frequent ejaculation decreases prostate cancer risk in men of all ages. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Cancer Research UK is a cancer research and awareness charity in the United Kingdom, formed on 4 February 2002 by the merger of The Cancer Research Campaign and the Imperial Cancer Research Fund. (wikipedia.org)
- Cancer Research UK's work is almost entirely funded by the public. (wikipedia.org)
- On 18 July 2012 it was announced that Cancer Research UK was to receive its largest ever single donation of £10 million from an anonymous donor. (wikipedia.org)
- The Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) was founded in 1902 as the Cancer Research Fund, changing its name to the Imperial Cancer Research Fund two years later. (wikipedia.org)
- The charity grew over the next twenty years to become one of the world's leading cancer research charities. (wikipedia.org)
- Its flagship laboratories formerly at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, and Clare Hall, Hertfordshire, and known as the Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, are now part of the Francis Crick Institute. (wikipedia.org)
- The British Empire Cancer Campaign (BECC) was founded in 1923, and initially drew a hostile response from ICRF and the Medical Research Council, who considered it a rival. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1970, the charity was renamed The Cancer Research Campaign (CRC). (wikipedia.org)
- In 2002 the two charities agreed to merge to form Cancer Research UK, the largest independent research organisation in the world dedicated to fighting cancer (the largest, the National Cancer Institute, is funded by the US Government). (wikipedia.org)
- In the financial year 2014/15 the charity spent £422.67 million on cancer research projects (around 67% of its total income for that year). (wikipedia.org)
- Around 40% of the charity's research expenditure goes on basic laboratory research relevant to all types of cancer into the molecular basis of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- The research is intended to improve understanding of how cancer develops and spreads and thus provide a foundation for other research. (wikipedia.org)
- The prostate cancer drug abiraterone was discovered in the Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics at the Institute of Cancer Research in London. (wikipedia.org)
- In 2015 one of three recipients of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for mechanistic studies of DNA repair, was Professor Tomas Lindahl, who joined Cancer Research UK as a researcher in 1981, and from 1986 was the first Director of their Clare Hall research institute in Hertfordshire, since 2015 part of the Francis Crick Institute. (wikipedia.org)
- The Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, which sits within the University of Cambridge close to Addenbrooke's Hospital on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus. (wikipedia.org)
- The Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, formerly the Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, which sits within the University of Manchester and has close ties to the Christie Hospital. (wikipedia.org)
- It is a partner in the Manchester Cancer Research Centre, which was formed in 2006 by the University of Manchester, Cancer Research UK, and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust. (wikipedia.org)
- In medical research, the most famous immortalised cell line, known as HeLa, was developed from cervical cancer cells of a woman named Henrietta Lacks. (wikipedia.org)
- Sudhir Srivastava, PhD, MPH, is chief of the Cancer Biomarkers Research Group of the Division of Cancer Prevention at the United States NCI. (wikipedia.org)
- He is the principal architect of the NCI's Early Detection Research Network. (wikipedia.org)
- He organized a Gordon Research Conference on New Frontiers in Cancer Detection and Diagnosis in 2002, which was continued for several years afterward. (wikipedia.org)
Curable3
- This is important because if skin cancers are detected early, they are almost always curable. (orlandoplasticsurgeryassociates.com)
- Caught early, it is often curable. (news-medical.net)
- People with liver cancer often present with large, late-stage tumours that are generally not curable. (cancer.ca)
Treatments11
- NCI is leading efforts on several fronts to develop and evaluate new cancer treatments. (cancer.gov)
- It was in 1971 when President Nixon announced "War on Cancer" and since then understanding of the disease to find possible treatments has come a long way. (news-medical.net)
- We've made a number of breakthroughs in 2016 - helping to develop new treatments and gain greater understanding of how cancer works. (manchester.ac.uk)
- These kinds of insights are important for developing new treatments further down the line and findings that shed light on how cancer cells and normal cells communicate with each other have this potential to lead to future cures. (manchester.ac.uk)
- And other funds will help us devise precision treatments for lung cancer . (manchester.ac.uk)
- The new funding, announced today will enable Manchester to train 46 of the brightest minds in cancer science, support treatments based around the concept of precision medicine and run even more trials to test the effectiveness of treatments. (manchester.ac.uk)
- The goal of these trials is to find better ways to therapies and treatments for cancer. (oralcancerfoundation.org)
- There are several treatments available for those suffering from prostate cancer. (channel3000.com)
- Most cases are discovered too late for a cure - but now a study offers hope of early detection, and targets for new treatments. (frontiersin.org)
- I think that we have the very clear picture that … while we have many interventions and treatments and ways of approaching cancer, we're still not anywhere near dealing with the coming onslaught of the cancer burden," Rebbeck said. (harvard.edu)
- In the U.S. and China, for example, lung cancer is the top killer, while in sub-Saharan Africa it is cervical cancer, a sign that the latest treatments are slow to be distributed there. (harvard.edu)
Types of cancers2
- The similar technology can be adapted and developed to screen other types of cancers after clinical validation, and we are dedicated to providing effective technologies for the early detection of cancer in high-risk populations, as well as in general populations. (labroots.com)
- There are other cancers that clearly start in the ovaries, such as endometrioid cancers or certain other types of cancers. (brighamandwomens.org)
Hereditary10
- Almost 8% of breast cancer cases are hereditary. (cun.es)
- Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), also known as Lynch Syndrome , is the most common inherited form of colorectal cancer and occurs when a person has an altered HNPCC gene. (roswellpark.org)
- Many women with a family history of cancer have a hereditary cancer syndrome (Garber and Offit, 2005). (nap.edu)
- About 5 to 10 percent of prostate cancers are hereditary, meaning the cancer is related to a genetic defect inherited from a parent. (scripps.org)
- About 5 to 10 percent of breast cancers are hereditary, meaning they're caused by a genetic defect inherited from a parent. (scripps.org)
- In addition, some families are at particularly high risk of cancer due to hereditary cancer syndromes. (texasoncology.com)
- BRCA1 and BRCA2 alterations are not the only gene alterations responsible for hereditary breast cancer syndromes. (texasoncology.com)
- Other hereditary cancer syndromes that increase breast cancer risk are Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Cowden syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and Ataxia-Telangiectasia. (texasoncology.com)
- Primary and secondary prevention practices are recommended for those at risk of developing the melanoma and breast cancer due to hereditary or behavioral reasons ( i.e. , deliberate tanning). (mdpi.com)
- He is a co-author of the Bethesda Guidelines for the diagnosis of Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). (wikipedia.org)
Radiotherapy1
- Radiation therapy, or radiotherapy, uses high-energy rays to damage or kill cancer cells and prevent them from growing and dividing. (texasoncology.com)
Intervention3
- Understanding an inherited predisposition to hematologic malignancies, and how a pre-cancerous condition becomes cancer will allow for early intervention and cancer prevention. (cancer.gov)
- Due to the excessive number of genetic alterations and the predictability of resulting neo-antigens, MSI-H cancers are an ideal cancer type for developing immune intervention and prevention strategies against cancer and for evaluating them in the clinical setting. (uni-heidelberg.de)
- Although the relative rates of cancer vary between Japan & the West, the same factors seem to influence cancer development & the data on intervention were seen to be valid. (elsevier.com)
Populations3
- The mission of the Prevent Cancer Foundation is saving lives across all populations through cancer prevention and early detection. (preventcancer.org)
- Learn more about these projects focusing on a diversity of goals, cancers and populations in the section below. (preventcancer.org)
- Fortunately, by understanding the nature of breast cancer across racial and ethnic divides, minority populations can decrease potential risks for late-stage, advanced breast cancer. (minoritynurse.com)
Obesity-related Cancers1
- That's why the statistical analysis we released last month, which shows that weight gain over many years increases the risk of obesity-related cancers in men by 50 percent and in women by almost 20 percent is important. (manchester.ac.uk)
Strategies17
- Millions of Americans, and others around the world, remain at high-risk for cancers for which there are proven prevention and early detection strategies. (cancer.gov)
- These tobacco cessation projects are examining interventions and relapse prevention strategies, including tobacco cessation support methods, counseling, and medications, and how they can be implemented and sustained within care settings. (cancer.gov)
- Efficacious preventive strategies, educations, and early detections may have the capacity for HNSCC and potentially malignant disorders to be detected at an asymptomatic phase. (hindawi.com)
- RATIONALE: To improve strategies for detection and prevention of early-stage disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- In this program, Dr. Michele Carbone will examine the causes of mesothelioma and potential prevention strategies. (iaslc.org)
- high-risk strategies intervene upon individuals with elevated cancer risk (e.g., smoking cessation). (aacrjournals.org)
- Knowledge about carcinogenesis mechanisms, extreme exposures, and inherited susceptibility provides opportunities to develop precision prevention and early-detection (PPED) strategies. (aacrjournals.org)
- Prevention and early-detection strategies have great potential to reduce the population burden of cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
- It has been estimated that 50% to 60% of cancers could be prevented if known strategies were optimally used ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- This figure implies that improvements in the application of prevention and early detection can be optimized, but that additional prevention and early-detection strategies can still be developed. (aacrjournals.org)
- As framed by Geoffrey Rose and others in the 1980s ( 2 ), two successful and complementary strategies have been used to prevent cancer: the population strategy and the high-risk strategy ( Fig. 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Primary prevention strategies that target individual risk and early detection are essential. (cancer.gov)
- This information will be used to create "off-the-shelf" immunotherapy strategies that can be used to treat most pancreatic cancers. (mdanderson.org)
- Strategies for preventing cancers are, therefore, a high priority for India. (frontiersin.org)
- In this consensus statement, the authors discuss the current state of breast cancer risk prediction, risk-stratified prevention and early detection strategies, and the implementation of such strategies. (who.int)
- Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center encourages you to take an active role in your health by learning about potential causes, risk factors and preventive strategies for prostate cancer. (scripps.org)
- Breast cancer mothers communicated risk and secondary prevention with early detection by breast self-examination and mammograms whereas the melanoma mothers communicated risk and primary prevention strategies like applying sunscreen and avoiding deliberate tanning. (mdpi.com)
Brca15
- Women, such as Ms. Jolie, with a BRCA1 mutation have a 50 to 70 percent chance of developing breast cancer by age 70. (komen.org)
- Therefore, women bearing a defective BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene are at an increased risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers. (rxlist.com)
- Women carrying defective BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes also tend to develop these cancers earlier in life. (rxlist.com)
- 2 Less information is available about the frequency of BRCA1 or BRCA2 alterations in other ethnic or racial groups, but a recent study of 200 women with breast cancer found that African-American and white women had a similar likelihood of having a harmful BRCA1 or BRCA2 alteration. (texasoncology.com)
- In 1994 it was discovered that women who inherit a mutated BRCA1 gene have an almost 85% chance of developing breast cancer and an increased chance of developing uterine cancer. (thefreedictionary.com)
Breast cancer risk4
- Breast cancer risk generally increases with age. (cancer.org)
- Carotenoids and breast cancer risk: Tillgänglig som fulltext Nedladdningsstatistik. (levafriska.se)
- Breast cancer risk factors can be categorized as controllable and non-controllable. (scripps.org)
- Excess weight, especially after menopause, raises breast cancer risk. (scripps.org)
Tumor7
- For more than 3 decades, Dr. Vogelstein, Co-Director of the Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, has been at work researching the molecular changes that drive malignant tumor initiation and progression. (ascopost.com)
- In 1989, Dr. Vogelstein's studies of colorectal cancer led to his discovery that p53-believed to be an oncogene-was actually a tumor-suppressor gene on chromosome 17p. (ascopost.com)
- The resultant comprehensive data clearly illustrate established pathways of cancer induction involving carcinogen exposure, metabolic activation, DNA adduct formation, and consequent mutation of critical genes along with the exacerbating influences of inflammation, cocarcinogenesis, and tumor promotion. (aacrjournals.org)
- The mission of the Institute for Applied Cancer Science is to apply scientific knowledge of mechanisms driving tumor development and maintenance into the development of impactful small molecule cancer therapies. (mdanderson.org)
- Melanoma is a malignant tumor derived from melanocytes (the cells that give skin its color) and is the deadliest form of skin cancer risk factors for melanoma include family history, sex, age, skin pigmentation, sunburn susceptibility, tanning ability, nevus (moles) count and freckling and psychological health. (emaxhealth.com)
- Increase in the size of a tumor or spread of cancer in the body. (pcf.org)
- So we continue to do studies to carefully examine the ovaries and the fallopian tubes in women who've got these cancers looking for other sources of tumor origin. (brighamandwomens.org)
Behaviors2
- If one has a strong family history of heart disease or cancer or a prior personal history of risky lifestyle behaviors (illicit drug usage, heavy smoking, morbid obesity, etc.), these benchmark ages can to moved 5 to 10 years earlier. (grossmanwellness.com)
- Open communication about health matters significantly increased the likelihood that children engaged in early detection and/or primary prevention behaviors. (mdpi.com)
Skin cancers are diagnosed2
- In fact, more skin cancers are diagnosed each year in the US than all other forms of cancer combined. (orlandoplasticsurgeryassociates.com)
- Provided that skin cancers are diagnosed in good time, they are not usually a major problem. (kidney.org.uk)
Awareness7
- 9 cancer awareness program presentations were given to civic organizations and clubs including vision of health presentations and everthing counts presentations reaching more than 800 people, healthy cooking classes, capped strummings (music therapy), and mandela art therapy classes. (greatnonprofits.org)
- We spoke on 2 radio shows and provided approximately 4,055 media commercials to promote cancer awareness programs. (greatnonprofits.org)
- It is estimated that during the Breast Cancer Awareness month in October alone, nearly 4000 women will hear the dreaded words, "it is breast cancer" in the United Kingdom. (medindia.net)
- The first ever National Breast Cancer Awareness Month (NBCAM) was founded in October 1985 in the US by the American Cancer Society to educate and raise awareness about breast cancer. (medindia.net)
- This project aims to reach 420 low-income, underserved women with a free breast cancer education and awareness program, led by a bilingual health education coordinator. (preventcancer.org)
- January is Cervical Cancer Awareness Month. (texasoncology.com)
- It also provides information about cancer and runs campaigns aimed at raising awareness of the disease and influencing public policy. (wikipedia.org)
Increases7
- In general, cancer risk increases with age, in part because of the natural accumulation of genetic alterations and long-term exposure to environmental factors. (nap.edu)
- 2014 - Results from a trial we funded show that a 'sponge on a string' (cytosponge) can diagnose Barrett's Oesophagus - a condition that increases the risk of developing oesophageal cancer, as effectively as traditional endoscopies. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- Smoking low-tar or "light" cigarettes increases lung cancer risk as much as regular cigarettes do. (nayatihealthcare.com)
- Repeated exposure increases the risk of cancer on the lip, especially the lower lip. (malligaidental.com)
- Exposure to the sun greatly increases the risk of developing skin cancer. (kidney.org.uk)
- As men get older, their risk of developing prostate cancer increases. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Cigarette smoking, both active and passive, increases the risk of cervical cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Primary prevention1
- The aetiology of this cancer is multifactorial and no practical measures for primary prevention are known. (levafriska.se)
Pancreatic cancer5
- Pancreatic cancer. (levafriska.se)
- Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is a daunting challenge, but we're taking a bold and unbiased approach to develop a blood test for this disease. (mdanderson.org)
- The program offers a personalized approach to pancreatic cancer risk assessment through routine evaluations, diagnostics and long-term surveillance. (honorhealth.com)
- Foods containing folate probably help reduce your risk of pancreatic cancer. (orlandohealth.com)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) will be used to screen for early stage pancreatic cancer. (facingourrisk.org)
Mammography2
- up to 90% of breast cancers can be found by mammography. (medicinenet.com)
- Several studies also show that when some African American women receive an abnormal mammography result, their cancer has already evolved to a late-stage, aggressive formation that has begun to spread to other parts of the body. (minoritynurse.com)
Melanoma9
- and 50,000 melanomas, but because melanoma can spread more rapidly than other skin cancers, this can be more lethal. (orlandoplasticsurgeryassociates.com)
- There are many different types of skin cancer, but the three of the most common include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. (wordpress.com)
- Also find information about Melanoma, which is a type of skin cancer. (emaxhealth.com)
- This damage can lead to early aging of the skin and skin cancers like melanoma. (emaxhealth.com)
- Scientists at Tel Aviv University have identified the trigger that causes the deadly skin cancer known as melanoma, a trigger that has been elusive until now. (emaxhealth.com)
- If a general biopsy indicates the potential spread of melanoma, you may be asked to undergo a more extensive biopsy to determine whether the cancer has spread elsewhere in the body. (loyolamedicine.org)
- Communication of familial risk of breast cancer and melanoma has the potential to educate relatives about their risk, and may also motivate them to engage in prevention and early detection practices. (mdpi.com)
- This study surveys mothers diagnosed with either breast cancer or melanoma and their adult children about their family communication style, knowledge of increased risk, and early detection practices. (mdpi.com)
- Early detection of melanoma and breast cancer improves survival. (mdpi.com)
Therapies1
- At Know Cancer, we believe that modern medicine, alongside a variety of unconventional therapies, is the key to unlocking the cure for cancer. (knowcancer.com)
Asymptomatic1
- The majority of early-stage ovarian cancers are asymptomatic, and over three-quarters of clinical diagnoses are made at a time when the disease has already established regional or distant metastases. (aacrjournals.org)
Diagnoses2
- Orlando Plastic Surgery Associates strives to reduce the number of skin cancer diagnoses by providing early detection and prevention services for those in Orlando, Lake Mary, and neighboring communities. (orlandoplasticsurgeryassociates.com)
- but this rate declines to less than 60% for later stage diagnoses (Stage IIB, C), demonstrating the importance of secondary prevention such as skin self-examination (SSE) and visual inspection by a dermatologist [ 1 ]. (mdpi.com)
Common34
- Prostate cancer is a common malignancy in men and the worldwide burden of this disease is rising. (urotoday.com)
- Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. (knowcancer.com)
- While exposure to the sun is certainly the most common way to acquire skin cancer, repeated encounters with X-rays, radiation exposure, and regular contact with certain chemicals also play a role in the onset of skin cancer. (knowcancer.com)
- This understanding of a common mechanism of cancer initiation could result in cancer prevention and in better assessment of cancer risk. (bio-medicine.org)
- Unfortunately, far too many people are not diagnosed at an early stage, and for some common malignancies, such as lung cancer, for six out of seven people, the disease has already metastasized by the time of diagnosis. (grossmanwellness.com)
- With newly available testing, a simple blood draw can reveal the presence of over two dozen of the most common cancers when they are at Stage 0. (grossmanwellness.com)
- What do the people who survive cancer have in common? (drug-aware.com)
- Limited evidence suggests that the most common cancers in Afghanistan are stomach, breast, esophagus, lung and oral cavity. (who.int)
- Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the United States, after skin cancer. (cancer.org)
- Men can get breast cancer, too , but this is much less common. (cancer.org)
- Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men (not counting skin cancer). (levafriska.se)
- The lung cancer is the second most common cancer in India among all male and female where most of the people die due to advance disease. (nayatihealthcare.com)
- Avoiding exposure to known cancer-causing chemicals, in the workplace and elsewhere, may also be helpful when people work where these exposures are common, they should be kept to a minimum. (nayatihealthcare.com)
- Learn the most common risk factors for developing cancer. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Skin cancer is the most common kind of cancer today. (orlandoplasticsurgeryassociates.com)
- Skin cancer, defined by the fact that it starts on the skin, is more common in the United States than all other human cancers combined. (wordpress.com)
- Here, we propose a method for estimating the human and other resources necessary for treating the most common cancers in LMIC and compare them to those available, using the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) in India as a case study. (frontiersin.org)
- One of the most common models for oral cancer is the hamster cheek pouch model. (oralcancerfoundation.org)
- Recent large-scale genetic studies, particularly genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have emphasised the importance of common genetic variation in endometrial cancer susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
- Prostate cancer is more common among African-American men than men of other races. (scripps.org)
- Breast cancer is about 100 times more common among women than men. (scripps.org)
- Basal cell and Squamous cell cancer are two most common types of skin cancer. (emaxhealth.com)
- Skin cancer is the most common kind of cancer in the US. (emaxhealth.com)
- Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in America, affecting 1 in 9 men. (pcf.org)
- In the United States, it is the fourth most common cancer in men and women. (news-medical.net)
- According to the American Cancer Society, skin cancer is the most common of all cancers and accounts for nearly half of all cancers in the United States. (loyolamedicine.org)
- H. pylori infection is common, but most people who are infected do not develop gastric cancer. (texasoncology.com)
- And this is in contrast to breast cancer, which is, as you know, much more common. (brighamandwomens.org)
- As prostate cancer is so common, being aware of the risk factors is important. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- It is possible that liver cancer rates are rising in Canada because of increasing immigration of persons chronically infected with hepatitis B or C to Canada from areas of the world where these infections are common. (cancer.ca)
- Worldwide, cervical cancer is both the fourth-most common cause of cancer and the fourth-most common cause of death from cancer in women. (wikipedia.org)
- In low-income countries, it is the most common cause of cancer death. (wikipedia.org)
- Bleeding after douching or after a pelvic exam is a common symptom of cervical cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- It is common to have multiple strains at the same time, including those that can cause cervical cancer along with those that cause warts. (wikipedia.org)
Survival rates5
- Similarly, 5-year survival rates for very early (Stage 0 or Stage 1) cancers are close to 100 percent, while Stage IV (metastatic) disease is associated with average 5-year survivals of only 1 to 27 percent depending on cancer type. (grossmanwellness.com)
- Survival rates improve dramatically when cancers are diagnosed early. (northwestern.edu)
- Along with higher survival rates among women who detected breast cancer at an early stage comes the opportunity to use less evasive measures in treating the cancer. (nroc.kz)
- Canada has one of the best colorectal cancer survival rates in the world - slightly lower than the US, but better than most of Europe, including the UK and Scandinavia. (cancer.ca)
- and cancers where survival rates are still low, such as oesophageal, lung and pancreatic cancers. (wikipedia.org)
Cervical Cancers2
- HPV vaccines protect against between two and seven high-risk strains of this family of viruses and may prevent up to 90% of cervical cancers. (wikipedia.org)
- About 70% of cervical cancers occur in developing countries. (wikipedia.org)
Epidemiology1
- This special issue about prevention and early detection of HNSCC is all in our minds, and it stresses on current topics of epidemiology, diagnosis, tumour markers, and chemoprevention for oral and HNSCC. (hindawi.com)
20202
- The findings are published in Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2019-2020 and in Breast Cancer Statistics, 2019 in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians . (cancer.org)
- A new study published in March 2020, in the British Journal of Surgery (BJS), shows that the number of young adults with bowel cancer is rising at an alarming rate in England. (news-medical.net)
Clinical trials2
- 2016 - Further results from the ICGC study show that oesophageal cancer can be classified into three main types based on their genetic signatures, which could lead to the first personalised medicine clinical trials for this hard-to-treat cancer. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- There are several different types of cancer clinical trials. (oralcancerfoundation.org)
Tobacco9
- One of the most important decisions you can make to live a healthy, cancer-free life is to stop using tobacco. (knowcancer.com)
- The use of tobacco is the single greatest cancer risk factor. (knowcancer.com)
- Chewing tobacco can cause cancer of the mouth, gums, or cheeks. (knowcancer.com)
- Tobacco use is one of the single most important risk factors for cancer. (who.int)
- It has been proven in many countries that implementing a substantial tax increase leads to reduced tobacco use and will help to prevent associated cancer," Dr Peeperkorn said. (who.int)
- This mechanistic understanding has provided a framework for the regulation of tobacco products and for the development of relevant tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers that can be applied in cancer prevention. (aacrjournals.org)
- This perspective will focus on mechanisms of tobacco carcinogenesis, early detection of lung cancer, and chemoprevention. (aacrjournals.org)
- This may be because these other cancers are also linked to tobacco use. (yourcareeverywhere.com)
- Contributory factors to the growing burden of cancer include longer life spans, growing urbanization and industrialization, use of tobacco, sedentary lifestyles, etc. (frontiersin.org)
Interventions2
- For primary and secondary cancer prevention, changing lifestyle is an integral part of health promotion interventions, particularly among high risk group. (hindawi.com)
- What kinds of interventions can improve the comfort and quality of life of people who have cancer? (oralcancerfoundation.org)
Progression1
- 2) predict risk of progression from preneoplasia to cancer, and 3) distinguish benign lesions from precancerous lesions. (nih.gov)
Prostate Cancer Prevention1
- Apr 01, · Prostate Cancer Prevention and Early The tests discussed below are used to look for warning signs of prostate cancer. (levafriska.se)
Stage11
- With regards to tumour markers, no significant serological markers are available so far that would be helpful in detecting primary HNSCCs at early stage, but the most widely accepted biomarker for HNSCCs is high-risk HPV status. (hindawi.com)
- Detecting lung cancer at its earliest stage and having surgery to remove it have been shown to increase the five-year survival rate from less than 5 percent to nearly 70 percent. (seattlecca.org)
- 98%, for early-stage disease ( 4 , 7 , 8 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- If surgery is performed within eight weeks on stage one cancer, there is a 92 percent chance that person will be alive in 10 years. (vidanthealth.com)
- Furthermore, four out of the 24 individuals with a positive HCCscreen test were later diagnosed as having early stage liver cancer (less than 3 cm) within six to eight months. (labroots.com)
- Genetic instability is the key indicator of the prodromal stage of all solid cancers. (euromedclinicdubai.com)
- The non-invasive analysis of sputum cells using the Cell-CT 3D imaging platform will be useful as an adjunct to LDCT for the diagnosis of early stage lung cancer. (cancer.gov)
- If removed at this stage, some cases of oesophageal cancer could be prevented. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- Remember, if found in its early stage, skin cancer will most likely be treated without further complications. (orlandoplasticsurgeryassociates.com)
- Practical clinical laboratory tests to recognize CRC subtypes are needed to allow certain early-stage CRCs to receive consolidation therapy to prevent recurrence and death. (cancer.gov)
- Robin's constant optimisim after a Stage IV breast cancer diagnosis inspire others. (texasoncology.com)
Occur3
- Generally, inherited DNA defects have a greater tendency to cause cancers and cancers that occur earlier in life than DNA defects that develop during adult life. (rxlist.com)
- Although the vast majority of the cases occur in women, some men also get breast cancer. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Infection with HPV is generally believed to be required for cervical cancer to occur. (wikipedia.org)
Proven1
- In the last century, Rebbeck pointed out, medical science has made inroads against several of humanity's top killers, including infectious disease and heart disease, but cancer has proven stubborn. (harvard.edu)
Therapeutic3
- The path forward is clear, and I think that path needs to be followed, not only for its therapeutic implications, but also for its implications for cancer prevention and early detection. (ascopost.com)
- We propose to develop agents that will provide targeted therapy, and analysis of therapeutic response, in breast and ovarian cancers within the Latina population. (cancer.gov)
- Early detection and prevention of cancers in various therapeutic areas. (elsevier.com)