Calpain
Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.
Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors
Calcium-Binding Proteins
Spectrin
A high molecular weight (220-250 kDa) water-soluble protein which can be extracted from erythrocyte ghosts in low ionic strength buffers. The protein contains no lipids or carbohydrates, is the predominant species of peripheral erythrocyte membrane proteins, and exists as a fibrous coating on the inner, cytoplasmic surface of the membrane.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Leupeptins
Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle
A heterogenous group of inherited muscular dystrophy that can be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. There are many forms (called LGMDs) involving genes encoding muscle membrane proteins such as the sarcoglycan (SARCOGLYCANS) complex that interacts with DYSTROPHIN. The disease is characterized by progressing wasting and weakness of the proximal muscles of arms and legs around the HIPS and SHOULDERS (the pelvic and shoulder girdles).
Talin
Encyclopedias as Topic
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Cysteine Proteases
Peptide Hydrolases
Cysteine Dioxygenase
Cyclin D1 proteolysis: a retinoid chemoprevention signal in normal, immortalized, and transformed human bronchial epithelial cells. (1/2088)
BACKGROUND: Retinoids (derivatives of vitamin A) are reported to reduce the occurrence of some second primary cancers, including aerodigestive tract tumors. In contrast, beta-carotene does not reduce the occurrence of primary aerodigestive tract cancers. Mechanisms explaining these effective retinoid and ineffective carotenoid chemoprevention results are poorly defined. Recently, the all-trans-retinoic acid (RA)-induced proteolysis of cyclin D1 that leads to the arrest of cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle was described in human bronchial epithelial cells and is a promising candidate for such a mechanism. In this study, we have investigated this proteolysis as a common signal used by carotenoids or receptor-selective and receptor-nonselective retinoids. METHODS: We treated cultured normal human bronchial epithelial cells, immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), and transformed human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2BNNK) with receptor-selective or receptor-nonselective retinoids or with carotenoids and studied the effects on cell proliferation by means of tritiated thymidine incorporation and on cyclin D1 expression by means of immunoblot analysis. We also examined whether calpain inhibitor I, an inhibitor of the 26S proteasome degradation pathway, affected the decline (i.e., proteolysis) of cyclin D1. RESULTS: Receptor-nonselective retinoids were superior to the carotenoids studied in mediating the decline in cyclin D1 expression and in suppressing the growth of bronchial epithelial cells. Retinoids that activated retinoic acid receptor beta or retinoid X receptor pathways preferentially led to a decrease in the amount of cyclin D1 protein and a corresponding decline in growth. The retinoid-mediated degradation of cyclin D1 was blocked by cotreatment with calpain inhibitor I. CONCLUSIONS: Retinoid-dependent cyclin D1 proteolysis is a common chemoprevention signal in normal and neoplastic human bronchial epithelial cells. In contrast, carotenoids did not affect cyclin D1 expression. Thus, the degradation of cyclin D1 is a candidate intermediate marker for effective retinoid-mediated cancer chemoprevention in the aerodigestive tract. (+info)Modifications to rat lens major intrinsic protein in selenite-induced cataract. (2/2088)
PURPOSE: To identify modifications to rat lens major intrinsic protein (MIP) isolated from selenite-induced cataract and to determine whether m-calpain (EC 3.4.22.17) is responsible for cleavage of MIP during cataractogenesis. METHODS: Cataracts were induced in rats by a single injection of sodium selenite. Control and cataract lenses were harvested on day 16 and dissected into cortical and nuclear regions. Membranes were washed with urea buffer followed by NaOH. The protein was reduced/alkylated, delipidated, and cleaved with cyanogen bromide (CNBr). Cleavage products were fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and peptides were characterized by mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. MIP cleavage by m-calpain was carried out by incubation with purified enzyme, and peptides released from the membrane were analyzed by Edman sequencing. RESULTS: The intact C terminus, observed in the control nuclear and cataractous cortical membranes, was not observed in the cataractous nuclear membranes. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed heterogeneous cleavage of the C terminus of MIP in control and cataract nuclear regions. The major site of cleavage was between residues 238 and 239, corresponding to the major site of in vitro cleavage by m-calpain. However, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric analysis indicated that in vivo proteolysis during cataract formation also included sites closer to the C terminus not produced by m-calpain in vitro. Evidence for heterogeneous N-terminal cleavage was also observed at low levels with no differences between control and cataractous lenses. The major site of phosphorylation was determined to be at serine 235. CONCLUSIONS: Specific sites of MIP N- and C-terminal cleavage in selenite-induced cataractous lenses were identified. The heterogeneous cleavage pattern observed suggests that m-calpain is not the sole enzyme involved in MIP C-terminal processing in rat lens nuclei. (+info)Caspase-dependent activation of calpain during drug-induced apoptosis. (3/2088)
We have previously demonstrated that calpain is responsible for the cleavage of Bax, a proapoptotic protein, during drug-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells (Wood, D. E., Thomas, A., Devi, L. A., Berman, Y., Beavis, R. C., Reed, J. C., and Newcomb, E. W. (1998) Oncogene 17, 1069-1078). Here we show the sequential activation of caspases and calpain during drug-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. Time course experiments using the topoisomerase I inhibitor 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin revealed that cleavage of caspase-3 substrates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the retinoblastoma protein as well as DNA fragmentation occurred several hours before calpain activation and Bax cleavage. Pretreatment with the calpain inhibitor calpeptin blocked calpain activation and Bax cleavage but did not inhibit PARP cleavage, DNA fragmentation, or 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin-induced morphological changes and cell death. Pretreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-fmk) inhibited PARP cleavage, DNA fragmentation, calpain activation, and Bax cleavage and increased cell survival by 40%. Interestingly, Z-VAD-fmk-treated cells died in a caspase- and calpain-independent manner that appeared morphologically distinct from apoptosis. Our results suggest that excessive or uncontrolled calpain activity may play a role downstream of and distinct from caspases in the degradation phase of apoptosis. (+info)Degradation of protein kinase Malpha by mu-calpain in a mu-calpain-protein kinase Calpha complex. (4/2088)
In previous studies, we isolated and identified a mu-calpain-PKCalpha complex from rabbit skeletal muscle. At the same time we pointed out that an association between mu-calpain and PKCalpha could occur at the level of the plasma membrane of muscle cells, and that PKCalpha could thus be considered as a potential mu-calpain substrate. In the present study, using the mu-calpain-PKCalpha complex as a model, we report that mu-calpain is activated in the combined presence of physiological calcium concentrations (less than 1 microM) and phosphatidylserine. Furthermore our data also show that: (1) there exists a correlation between the appearance of autolyzed mu-calpain forms and PKCalpha hydrolysis which leads to the formation of PKMalpha; (2) in certain experimental conditions, autolyzed mu-calpain forms are able to hydrolyze PKMalpha independently of the presence of diacylglycerol. (+info)Hydrostatic pressure and calcium-induced dissociation of calpains. (5/2088)
The dissociation of mu- and m-calpains was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy under high hydrostatic pressure (up to 650 MPa). Increasing pressure induced a red shift of the tryptophan fluorescence of the calcium-free enzyme. The concentration dependence of the spectral transition was consistent with a pressure-induced dissociation of the subunits. Rising temperature increased the stability of calpain heterodimers and confirmed the predominance of hydrophobic interactions between monomers. At saturating calcium, the spectral transition was not observed for native or iodoacetamide-inactivated calpains, indicating that they were already dissociated by calcium. The reaction volume was about -150 ml mol-1 for both isoforms, and the dissociation constants at atmospheric pressure are approximately 10-12 M and 10-15 M for mu- and m-calpains, respectively. This result indicates a tighter interaction in the isoform that requires higher calcium concentration for activity. (+info)Calpain inhibitor I increases beta-amyloid peptide production by inhibiting the degradation of the substrate of gamma-secretase. Evidence that substrate availability limits beta-amyloid peptide production. (6/2088)
The calpain inhibitor N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal (ALLN) has been reported to have complex effects on the production of the beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta). In this study, the effects of ALLN on the processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to Abeta were examined in 293 cells expressing APP or the C-terminal 100 amino acids of APP (C100). In cells expressing APP or low levels of C100, ALLN increased Abeta40 and Abeta42 secretion at low concentrations, decreased Abeta40 and Abeta42 secretion at high concentrations, and increased cellular levels of C100 in a concentration-dependent manner by inhibiting C100 degradation. Low concentrations of ALLN increased Abeta42 secretion more dramatically than Abeta40 secretion. ALLN treatment of cells expressing high levels of C100 did not alter cellular C100 levels and inhibited Abeta40 and Abeta42 secretion with similar IC50 values. These results suggest that C100 can be processed both by gamma-secretase and by a degradation pathway that is inhibited by low concentrations of ALLN. The data are consistent with inhibition of gamma-secretase by high concentrations of ALLN but do not support previous assertions that ALLN is a selective inhibitor of the gamma-secretase producing Abeta40. Rather, Abeta42 secretion may be more dependent on C100 substrate concentration than Abeta40 secretion. (+info)Posttranslational regulation of the retinoblastoma gene family member p107 by calpain protease. (7/2088)
The retinoblastoma protein plays a critical role in regulating the G1/S transition. Less is known about the function and regulation of the homologous pocket protein p107. Here we present evidence for the posttranslational regulation of p107 by the Ca2+-activated protease calpain. Three negative growth regulators, the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin, the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil, and the cyclic nucleotide dibutyryl cAMP were found to induce cell type-specific loss of p107 protein which was reversible by the calpain inhibitor leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal but not by the serine protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, caspase inhibitors, or lactacystin, a specific inhibitor of the 26S proteasome. Purified calpain induced Ca2+-dependent p107 degradation in cell lysates. Transient expression of the specific calpain inhibitor calpastatin blocked the loss of p107 protein in lovastatin-treated cells, and the half-life of p107 was markedly lengthened in lovastatian-treated cells stably transfected with a calpastatin expression vector versus cells transfected with vector alone. The data presented here demonstrate down-regulation of p107 protein in response to various antiproliferative signals, and implicate calpain in p107 posttranslational regulation. (+info)Ubiquitination and degradation of ATF2 are dimerization dependent. (8/2088)
Ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation are key determinants of the half-lives of many transcription factors. Homo- or heterodimerization of basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors is required for their transcriptional activities. Here we show that activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) heterodimerization with specific bZIP proteins is an important determinant of the ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of ATF2. Depletion of c-Jun as one of the ATF2 heterodimer partners from the targeting proteins decreased the efficiency of ATF2 ubiquitination in vitro, whereas the addition of exogenously purified c-Jun restored it. Similarly, overexpression of c-Jun in 293T human embryo kidney cells increased ATF2 ubiquitination in vivo and reduced its half-life in a dose-dependent manner. Mutations of ATF2 that disrupt its dimerization inhibited ATF2 ubiquitination in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, removal of residues 150 to 248, as in a constitutively active ATF2 spliced form, enhanced ATF2 dimerization and transactivation, which coincided with increased ubiquitination and decreased stability. Our findings indicate the increased sensitivity of transcriptionally active dimers of ATF2 to ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. Based on these observations, we conclude that increased targeting of a transcriptionally active ATF2 form indicates the mechanism by which the magnitude and the duration of the cellular stress response are regulated. (+info)Calpain Substrate IV, Cell-Permeable, Fluorogenic - Calbiochem | 208773
Functional cleavage of the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc) by calpain - Publications of the IAS Fellows
Calpain - Wikipedia
Calpain Inhibitor, Calpastatin (CAST) | Human Calpastatin Antibody (Monoclonal)
Calpain Inhibitor, Calpastatin (CAST) | Human Calpastatin Antibody (Monoclonal)
CAPN5 calpain 5 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
Dynamic distribution of muscle-specific calpain in mice has a key role in physical-stress adaptation and is impaired in...
Characterization of calpain II in the retina and photoreceptor outer segments | Journal of Cell Science
Activity-Dependent Cleavage of the K-Cl Cotransporter KCC2 Mediated by Calcium-Activated Protease Calpain | Journal of...
Decreased susceptibility to calpains of v-FosFBR but not of v-FosFBJ or v-JunASV17 retroviral proteins compared with their...
Switch to Europe/Worldwide website
Calpain-6 antibody | acris-antibodies.com
Inhibitors of calpain activation (PD150606 and E-64) and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury<...
Platelet Sarcoplasmic Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and μ-Calpain Activity Are Altered in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and...
Release of intracellular calcium stores facilitates coxsackievirus entry into polarized endothelial cells - [email protected]
Dispersing Clusters with Calpain | Science Signaling
Activation of m-Calpain Is Required for Chromosome Alignment on the Metaphase Plate during Mitosis<...
CALPAIN INHIBITOR I (CAS 110044-82-1) Market Research Report 2017
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein induces calpain-dependent cell death and ubiquitination of caspase 3 in HMEC-1 endothelial...
Comparative Studies on Metabolic Rate and Calpain/Calpastatin Activity between Hanwoo and Holstein Beef | Korea Science
Calcium, Calpains, and Cardiac Hypertrophy: A New Link | Circulation Research
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent activation of calpain: involvement of ERK pathway and regulation of AMPA...
GW24-e2975 Over-expression of calpastatin aggravates in vitro and in vivo cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin | Heart
Cleavage of p35, Regulator of CDK5, to p25 by Calpain in Retinal Cell Death | IOVS | ARVO Journals
CAPN5 mutation in hereditary uveitis: The R243L mutation increases calpain catalytic activity and triggers intraocular...
Calpain Inhibitor Set - Calbiochem | 208733
Protein Never in Mitosis Gene A Interacting-1 regulates calpain activity and the degradation of cyclooxygenase-2 in endothelial...
Gentaur Molecular :Biovis \ Calpain Inhibitor I, ALLN; Appearance White powder \ 1834-25
Understanding the substrate specificity of conventional calpains
Aopwiki
SMART: CysPc domain annotation
Estrogen and pure antiestrogen fulvestrant (ICI 182 780) augment cell-matrigel adhesion of MCF-7 breast cancer cells through a...
Hypoxia-specific upregulation of calpain activity and gene exp...
Calpain activation contributes to myocardial apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion | Heart
Calpain 2 and PTP1B function in a novel pathway with Src to regulate invadopodia dynamics and breast cancer cell invasion |...
Calcium-induced tripartite binding of intrinsically disordered calpastatin to its cognate enzyme, calpain. | SBRC
JCI online early table of contents: Ju... ( EDITORS PICK: Calpain inhibitors n...)
Mutagenetix > Incidental...
Effectors of Programmed Necrosis - Neuronal Injury
Gentaur Molecular :Biovis \ Calpain Inhibitor Z-LLY-FMK \ 1125-20C
Calpain Inhibitor II powder | Sigma-Aldrich
Search
Cell cycle regulates cell type in the Arabidopsis sepal | Development
Adelaide Research & Scholarship: Investigation into the P3 binding domain of m-calpain using photoswitchable diazo- and...
Temporal response of rabbits to beta-adrenergic agonist feeding: tissue weight, calpains and calpastatin activities, and...
The calpains: modular designs and functional diversity | Genome Biology | Full Text
RCSB PDB - 4PHK: The Structural Basis of Differential Inhibition of Human Calpain by Indole and Phenyl alpha-Mercaptoacrylic...
Calpain抗体|Abcam中国|Anti-Calpain抗体
CAPN10 gene - Genetics Home Reference
Calpain 2 is required for sister chromatid cohesion. - Inserm
Normal erythrocyte calpain I activity on membrane proteins under near-physiological conditions in patients with essential...
Involvement of calpain in AMPA-induced toxicity to rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons<...
ZFIN Publication: Lal et al., 2012
eImtiyaz: Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Of CALPAIN1 Gene With Chicken Meat Tenderness In Malaysian Native...
The phagosomal proteome in interferon-gamma-activated macrophages.
A molecular brake controls the magnitude of long-term potentiation | Nature Communications
Differential Regulation and ATP Requirement for Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 Activation during CD95- and Anticancer Drug-induced...
Pharmacological Modulation of Caspase Activation | Bentham Science
FN1 - The Role of Histone Deacetylases in Prostate Cancer
Calpainopathy LGMD2A - Muscular Dystrophy - Fitness VIP
Acute neuroinflammation induces AIS structural plasticity in a NOX2-de by S. D. Benusa, N. M. George et al.
capn2.2 - Calpain 2, (M/II) large subunit - Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) - capn2.2 gene & protein
JCI -
Calpain-6 confers atherogenicity to macrophages by dysregulating pre-mRNA splicing
Calpain-1 Substrate II, Fluorogenic - Calbiochem | 208772
CAPNS1 monoclonal antibody (M01), clone 3C4 by Abnova, Cat. No. H00000826-M01 | Lucerna-Chem AG
Mouse Calpain-1 catalytic subunit (CAPN1) ELISA Kit - Antibodies, ELISA Kits, Research Products - Gentaur.com
Analysis of limited proteolytic activity of calpain-7 using non-physiological substrates in mammalian cells - Maemoto - 2013 -...
WikiGenes - calpeptin - benzyl N-[(1S)-3-methyl-1-(1-oxohexan-2...
Capn3 - Calpain-3 - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Capn3 gene & protein
CAPN10-AS1 Gene - GeneCards | CAPN10-AS1 RNA Gene
Granzyme B Activity & Inhibitor Screening Kits | PromoCell
Product Overview anti-Calpain 2 Antibodies
Anti-Calpain 1 antibody (ab39170) | Abcam
CAPN12 purified MaxPab mouse polyclonal antibody (B01P) - (H00147968-B01P) - Products - Abnova
Caplains The Cause of Muscle Loss
My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom
Calpain. "Kiki Memorial and Art Gathering". Equestria Daily. Retrieved February 15, 2015. Sporeman, Sean (May 6, 2015). "Follow ...
My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 7)
Calpain (2017-06-21). "(AU) MLP Season 7 Episode 13 - The Perfect Pear - Stream / Discussion". Equestria Daily. Retrieved 2017- ...
My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 6)
Calpain (October 5, 2016). "(It Aired!) UK - Season 6 Episode 25 - To Where and Back Again - Stream / Discussion (It Aired!)". ...
List of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic episodes
Calpain (October 5, 2016). "(It Aired!) UK - Season 6 Episode 25 - To Where and Back Again - Stream / Discussion (It Aired!)". ... Calpain (August 24, 2018). "(AUS) My Little Pony Season 8 Episode 21 - A Rockhoof and a Hard Place - Stream / Discussion". ... Calpain (August 10, 2018). "(AUS) My Little Pony Season 8 Episode 17 - The End in Friend - Stream / Discussion". Equestria ... Calpain (August 17, 2018). "(AUS) My Little Pony Season 8 Episode 19 - On the Road to Friendship - Stream / Discussion". ...
My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 8)
Calpain (2018-08-24). "(AUS) My Little Pony Season 8 Episode 21 - A Rockhoof and a Hard Place - Stream / Discussion". Equestria ... Calpain (2018-08-10). "(AUS) My Little Pony Season 8 Episode 17 - The End in Friend - Stream / Discussion". Equestria Daily. ... Calpain (2018-08-17). "(AUS) My Little Pony Season 8 Episode 19 - On the Road to Friendship - Stream / Discussion". Equestria ... Calpain (2018-08-03). "(AUS) My Little Pony Season 8 Episode 15 - The Hearth's Warming Club - Stream / Discussion". Equestria ...
My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 5)
Calpain (2015-02-16). "Season 5 Concept Art at PonyCon Appears! New Characters and More Revealed!". Equestria Daily. Retrieved ... Calpain (2015-01-19). "PonyCon 2015 To Premiere New Season 5 Trailer With MLP Directors!". Equestria Daily. Retrieved 2015-01- ...
My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)
Calpain (September 20, 2017). "America's Got Talent Special MLP Movie Sneak Peak". Equestria Daily. Retrieved September 27, ...
My Little Pony: Equestria Girls (film)
Calpain (September 29, 2015). "Ratings For The 'Friendship Games' Are In". Equestria Daily. Retrieved September 29, 2015. ...
Calpainopathy
Calpain 3 is unique from other calpain proteases in that it is relatively specific to muscle. Calpain 3 is both a protease and ... Research is being done to identify the proteins cleaved by calpain-3. Gene therapy is being studied to replace the function of ... Mutation in the gene CAPN3, which encodes the protein calpain-3 (CAPN3), is the cause of calpainopathy. As of 2019, more than ... The structural role of calpain 3 is stabilization of the triad protein complexes. A triad protein complex plays a role ...
Bcl-2
"Ionomycin-activated calpain triggers apoptosis. A probable role for Bcl-2 family members". The Journal of Biological Chemistry ...
SPTBN1
Löfvenberg L, Backman L (1999). "Calpain-induced proteolysis of beta-spectrins". FEBS Lett. 443 (2): 89-92. doi:10.1016/S0014- ...
Calpastatin
1997). "Identification of mu-, m-calpains and calpastatin and capture of mu-calpain activation in endothelial cells". J. Cell. ... 1989). "Inhibition of calpain by a synthetic oligopeptide corresponding to an exon of the human calpastatin gene". J. Biol. ... It consists of an N-terminal domain L and four repetitive calpain-inhibition domains (domains 1-4), and it is involved in the ... 1990). "Cloning and expression of the genes for calpains and calpastatins". Biochem. Soc. Symp. 55: 29-44. PMID 2559735. Asada ...
TNS1
This protein is a substrate of calpain II. A second transcript from this gene has been described, but its full length nature ...
Actin
The protease calpain has also been shown to be involved in this type of cell destruction; just as the use of calpain inhibitors ... Wang KK (Jan 2000). "Calpain and caspase: can you tell the difference?". Trends in Neurosciences. 23 (1): 20-26. doi:10.1016/ ... Villa PG, Henzel WJ, Sensenbrenner M, Henderson CE, Pettmann B (Mar 1998). "Calpain inhibitors, but not caspase inhibitors, ...
Neuroproteomics
These cysteine proteases include calpain, caspase, and cathepsin. These three proteins are examples of detectable signs of ...
Protease
This group includes the calpains. Basic proteases (or alkaline proteases) Proteases are involved in digesting long protein ...
CAPN5
Calpain-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPN5 gene. Calpains are calcium-dependent cysteine proteases involved ... "Entrez Gene: CAPN5 calpain 5". Vanderklish PW, Bahr BA (2001). "The pathogenic activation of calpain: a marker and mediator of ... A functional calpain protein consists of an invariant small subunit and 1 of a family of large subunits. CAPN5 is one of the ... 2007). "Calpain-5 gene variants are associated with diastolic blood pressure and cholesterol levels". BMC Med. Genet. 8: 1. doi ...
Titin
... interacts with many sarcomeric proteins including: Z line region: telethonin and alpha-actinin I band region: calpain-3 ... July 1998). "Functional defects of a muscle-specific calpain, p94, caused by mutations associated with limb-girdle muscular ... Kinbara K, Sorimachi H, Ishiura S, Suzuki K (August 1998). "Skeletal muscle-specific calpain, p49: structure and physiological ... Sorimachi H, Ono Y, Suzuki K (2000). "Skeletal muscle-specific calpain, p94, and connectin/titin: their physiological functions ...
Olesoxime
Weber, Jonasz J.; Ortiz Rios, Midea M.; Riess, Olaf; Clemens, Laura E.; Nguyen, Huu P. (2016-01-01). "The calpain-suppressing ... "Olesoxime suppresses calpain activation and mutant huntingtin fragmentation in the BACHD rat". Brain. 138 (12): 3632-3653. doi: ... effects of olesoxime were attributed to modulating the activity of calcium-dependent proteases called calpains. A 2009-2011 ...
ACP1
May 2002). "Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates alpha II spectrin cleavage by calpain". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 (10 ...
RAD21
This includes a binding site for SA1 or SA2, recognition motifs for separase, caspase, and calpain to cleave, as well as a ... Panigrahi AK, Zhang N, Mao Q, Pati D (November 2011). "Calpain-1 cleaves Rad21 to promote sister chromatid separation". ... RAD21 is cleaved by several proteases including Separase and Calcium-dependent cysteine endopeptidase Calpain-1 during mitosis ...
CAPN10
Calpain-10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPN10 gene. Calpains are ubiquitous, well-conserved family of calcium ... "Entrez Gene: CAPN10 calpain 10". Sorimachi H, Ishiura S, Suzuki K (1998). "Structure and physiological function of calpains". ... 2001). "Characterization and expression of calpain 10. A novel ubiquitous calpain with nuclear localization". J. Biol. Chem. ... Horikawa Y (2007). "Calpain-10 (NIDDM1) as a Susceptibility Gene for Common Type 2 Diabetes". Endocr. J. 53 (5): 567-76. doi: ...
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2
Baliova M, Betz H, Jursky F (2004). "Calpain-mediated proteolytic cleavage of the neuronal glycine transporter, GlyT2". J. ...
Focal adhesion
One possibility is that the calcium-dependent protease calpain is involved: it has been shown that the inhibition of calpain ... Focal adhesion components are amongst the known calpain substrates, and it is possible that calpain degrades these components ... "Regulation of cell migration by the calcium-dependent protease calpain". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (52): 32719-22. ...
ATG5
... undergoes N-terminal cleavage by Calpain-1 and Calpain-2. The cleaved ATG5 translocates from the cytosol to the ... Yousefi S, Perozzo R, Schmid I, Ziemiecki A, Schaffner T, Scapozza L, Brunner T, Simon HU (October 2006). "Calpain-mediated ...
Pars compacta
Synuclein Inclusions via the Activation of Calpain". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (43): 41890-9. doi:10.1074/jbc. ...
CDK5R1
The p35 form of this protein is proteolytically cleaved by calpain, generating a p25 form. The cleavage of p35 into p25 results ... Patzke H, Tsai LH (2002). "Calpain-mediated cleavage of the cyclin-dependent kinase-5 activator p39 to p29". J. Biol. Chem. 277 ... 2000). "Neurotoxicity induces cleavage of p35 to p25 by calpain". Nature. 405 (6784): 360-4. Bibcode:2000Natur.405..360L. doi: ...
Podosome
Calle, Y; Carragher, NO; Thrasher, AJ; Jones, GE (Jun 1, 2006). "Inhibition of calpain stabilises podosomes and impairs ...
TNNT2
In cardiac muscle under stress conditions, cardiac TnT is cleaved by calpain I, restrictively removing the entire N-terminal ... Geesink GH, Kuchay S, Chishti AH, Koohmaraie M (Oct 2006). "Micro-calpain is essential for postmortem proteolysis of muscle ... deletion of the NH2-terminal variable region of cardiac troponin T in ischemia reperfusion by myofibril-associated mu-calpain ...
Cry6Aa
Ca2+ activates calpain, a cysteine protease, which promotes lysosome rupture. The lysosome is further digested by ASP-1, which ...
Calpain - Wikipedia
As the first calpain whose three-dimensional structure was determined, m-calpain is the type-protease for the C2 (calpain) ... calpain and m-calpain (or calpain I and II), that differed primarily in their calcium requirements in vitro. Their names ... Calpain for Modulatory Proteolysis Database The Calpain Family of Proteases. (2001). University of Arizona. Calpain Info with ... Calpains constitute the C2 family of protease clan CA in the MEROPS database. The calpain proteolytic system includes the ...
The calpain family and human disease
Overactivation of calpain 1 and calpain 2 (and their small subunit) has long been tied to acute neurological disorders (e.g. ... The number of mammalian calpain protease family members has grown to 14 on last count. ... The number of mammalian calpain protease family members has grown to 14 on last count. Overactivation of calpain 1 and calpain ... Calpain 10 was recently identified as a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes, whereas calpain 9 appears to be a gastric ...
Capn6 MGI Mouse Gene Detail - MGI:1100850 - calpain 6
SMART: calpain III domain annotation
... mu-CANP or calpain I; a form sensitive to calcium in the milli-molar range, known as m-calpain, m-CANP or calpain II; and a ... How calpain activity is regulated in these organisms cells is still unclear In metazoans, the activity of calpain is controlled ... This group of cysteine peptidases belong to the MEROPS peptidase family C2 (calpain family, clan CA). A type example is calpain ... Calpain-like mRNAs have been identified in other organisms including bacteria, but the molecules encoded by these mRNAs have ...
JYX - The role of calpains in enterovirus infection
Host Cell Calpains Can Cleave Structural Proteins from the Enterovirus Polyprotein Laajala, Mira; Hankaniemi, Minna M.; ... calpain CVB3 EV1 infection timetable picornavirus polyprotein virukset infektiot enterovirukset viruses infections ... The inhibition of calpains before 120 min post-infection inhibited both Echovirus 1 and Coxsackievirus B3 infection. The ... An array of experiments was performed in order to determine the time window when calpains are required for the infection and to ...
Calpain Inhibitor III - CAS 88191-84-8 - Calbiochem | 208722
Calbiochem Calpain Inhibitor III, CAS 88191-84-8, is a potent, cell-permeable inhibitor of calpain I and II (Ki = 8 nM). - Find ... Calpain Inhibitor III, CAS 88191-84-8, is a potent, cell-permeable inhibitor of calpain I and II (Ki = 8 nM).. More,, Calpain ... Calpain Inhibitor III, CAS 88191-84-8, is a potent, cell-permeable inhibitor of calpain I and II (Ki = 8 nM).. ... A potent, cell-permeable inhibitor of calpain I and II (Ki = 8 nM) that also reduces capsaicin-mediated cell death in cultured ...
WikiGenes - CAPN2 - calpain 2, (m/II) large subunit
Molecular downregulation or RNA interference-mediated depletion of mu-calpain (calpain 1) but not M-calpain (calpain 2) blocked ... Moreover, treatment with the pan-calpain inhibitor ALLN and isoform-specific downregulation of m-calpain (CAPN2) using RNA ... Functional properties of recombinant calpain I and of mutants lacking domains III and IV of the catalytic subunit. Vilei, E.M ... Increased M-calpain expression in the mesencephalon of patients with Parkinsons disease but not in other neurodegenerative ...
Ca(v)1.4 L-Type Calcium Channels Contribute to Calpain Activation in Degenerating Photoreceptors of rd1 Mice
Schön, Christian; Paquet-Durand, Francois; Michalakis, Stylianos (2016): Ca(v)1.4 L-Type Calcium Channels Contribute to Calpain ... Our results show that genetic deletion of the synaptic Ca-v 1.4 L-type VGCCs impairs calpain activation and leads to a short- ... Cacna1f x rd1 double mutant mice displayed a strong decrease in the activation of the Ca2+-dependent protease calpain during ...
Activation of proteolytic activities of calpain and caspase-3 in apoptosis of human malignant glioblastoma cell lines T98G and...
Arabinda Das, Surajit Karmakar, Sunil J. Patel, Naren L. Banik, Swapan K. Ray; Activation of proteolytic activities of calpain ... Activation of proteolytic activities of calpain and caspase-3 in apoptosis of human malignant glioblastoma cell lines T98G and ... and overexpression and activation of calpain and caspase-3 leading to the cleavage of 270 kD α-spectrin at specific sites for ...
Hepatitis C virus enters liver cells using the CD81 receptor complex proteins calpain-5 and CBLB - Inserm
... we discovered calpain-5 (CAPN5) and the ubiquitin ligase Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene B (CBLB) to form a complex ... Hepatitis C virus enters liver cells using the CD81 receptor complex proteins calpain-5 and CBLB Janina Bruening 1 Lisa ... we discovered calpain-5 (CAPN5) and the ubiquitin ligase Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene B (CBLB) to form a complex ... Hepatitis C virus enters liver cells using the CD81 receptor complex proteins calpain-5 and CBLB. PLoS Pathogens, Public ...
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation for Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Clinical Presentation: History, Autosomal Dominant Limb...
LGMD type 2A (calpain 3 myopathy). The onset of this childhood form of LGMD is in the first decade of life (9.7 ±3 y). The ... Calpain 3 cleaves filamin C and regulates its ability to interact with gamma- and delta-sarcoglycans. Muscle Nerve. 2003 Oct. ... The locus of the culprit gene is on 15q15, and the protein product is calpain-3. [27, 28] ... Mutations in the proteolytic enzyme calpain 3 cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A. Cell. 1995 Apr 7. 81(1):27-40. [ ...
Promotion of a synthetic degradation of activated STAT6 by PARP-1 inhibition: roles of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, calpains and...
Calpain-1 appeared to preferentially degrade JAK-phosphorylated-STAT6, which was blocked by calpastatin-mediated inhibition or ... Additionally, our results show that STAT6 is a bonafide substrate for chaperone-mediated autophagy in a selective and calpain- ... Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation protected phosphorylated-STAT6 against calpain-1-mediated degradation. ... its integrity in the presence of calpains, and its connection to autophagy. This study was conducted using primary splenocytes ...
Human Calpain 6 (CAPN6) Protein | Abbexa Ltd
Calpain-like protease X-linked protein, Protein Calpain-like protease X-linked, Human Calpain-like protease X-linked Protein, ... Human Calpain-like protease X-linked, Human protein Calpain-like protease X-linked ... CAPNX, CalpM, CANPX, Calpamodulin, Calpain-like protease X-linked, CAPNX protein, Protein CAPNX, Human CAPNX Protein, Human ...
Rat CAPN1 (calpain 1) ELISA Kit, Cat#EKE62424 - Biomatik
Calpain Inhibitors, a Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease | BrightFocus Foundation
Calpain inhibitors have already been used in the therapy of various other diseases. Analyzing the effects of calpain inhibitors ... Possible candidates as causes of AD are a particular type of proteins called calpains. These proteins have shown the ability to ... Battaglia is investigating how a treatment with calpain inhibitors may restore normal communication between synaptic ...
Table 1 - Genetic Variants Available, by Gene | CDC
Calpain 2 Proteins
Order Calpain 2 Proteins from many different species. Find the right product on antibodies-online.com. ... Trouvez Calpain 2 Protéines pour une variété despèces telles que anti-Human Calpain 2, anti-Mouse Calpain 2, anti-Cow Calpain ... calpain 2 (CAPN2) Protéines. calpain 2 (Capn2) Protéines. calpain 2, gene2 (capn2.2) Protéines. calpain 2, (m/II) large subunit ... Calpain 2 Protéines par Grade. On trouve ici des Calpain 2 Protéines avec un Grade spécifique. Les Grade mentionnés ici sont ...
MedlinePlus: Genes: C
calpain Archives - Echelon Biosciences
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Clinical Presentation: History, Causes
LGMD2A (calpainopathy; LGMDR1 Calpain-3; 15q15). *. LGMD2A is likely the most common autosomal recessive LGMD, accounting for ... The calpain-3 isoform is a homodimer that is abundant in skeletal muscle. More than 450 distinct pathological mutations have ... Impaired regeneration in calpain-3 null muscle is associated with perturbations in mTORC1 signaling and defective mitochondrial ... LGMD1I (LGMDD4 Calpain-3; 15q15) *. Similar syndrome to LGMD2A (calpainopathy), but milder. ...
IMSEAR at SEARO: Deletion analysis & calpain status for carrier detection in a family with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Calpain test has been informative in a large group of patients and carriers tested so far. Since the calpain test is cost and ... which monitors the m-calpain (milli-calpain), a proteolytic enzyme in the platelets, using an ELISA technique. Four of the ... Deletion analysis & calpain status for carrier detection in a family with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Indian Journal of ... Eight females with a family history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) were analysed for their carrier status by m-calpain ...
"Calpain-Cleavage of α-Synuclein: Connecting Proteolytic Processing to " by Brian M. Dufty, Lisa R. Warner et al.
To determine whether calpain-cleavage of α-Syn occurs in PD and DLB, we designed site-directed calpain-cleavage antibodies to α ... Moreover, calpain-cleaved α-Syn fragments identified within LBs colocalized with activated calpain in neurons of the PD and DLB ... Detection of calpain-cleaved α-Syn was evident in mouse models of cerebral ischemia and PD and in a Drosophila model of PD. In ... In the present study, we demonstrate that proteolytic processing of α-Syn by the protease calpain I leads to the formation of ...
June 2022 - Calpain-2 inhibitor therapy in Non-severe Hemophilia A
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Calpain 1 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [2A1] (EM1801-02)
- HUABIO
Calpain 1 antibody;Calpain 1 large subunit antibody;Calpain 1, (mu/I) large subunit antibody;Calpain mu type antibody;Calpain ... Calpain 2 and Calpain p94. Calpastatin regulates Calpain by inhibiting both the proteolytic activity of Calpain and its binding ... Calpain small subunit 1 antibody;Calpain, large polypeptide L1 antibody;Calpain-1 catalytic subunit antibody;Calpain-1 large ... Micromolar Calpain antibody;Micromolar-calpain antibody;Mu Calpain antibody;muCANP antibody;muCL antibody ...
mGlu5 Receptors Archives - calpain inhibitor protects bone tissue engineering
PubMed] [Google Scholar](e) Mukherjee A, Sadler PJ. kinase Pim1 confirmed an ATP-competitive binding with the intended hydrogen bonding between the phthalimide moiety and the hinge region of the ATP-binding site. Introduction Metal complexes are highly versatile structural scaffolds for the molecular recognition of biomolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins.1C4 Over the last several years our laboratory contributed to this area of research with the design of substitutionally inert ruthenium(II),5 osmium(II),6 rhodium(III),7 iridium(III),8 and platinum(II)9 complexes as highly potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitors of protein kinases and lipid kinases.10 Our previous design was mainly inspired by the natural product staurosporine with the maleimide moiety of pyridocarbazole metal complexes (Figure 1) undergoing hydrogen bonding with the hinge region of the ATP-binding site, while the pyridocarbazole heterocycle occupying the hydrophobic adenine binding cleft, and the Griseofulvin ...
Role of macrophage-specific calpain-2 in hypercholesterolemia induced atherosclerosis . - Fingerprint - University of...
EN (en)
The C-terminal portion of c-Jun is relatively resistant to calpain such that an 18kDa fragment, which includes the DNA binding ... The activity of c-Jun in cultured cells can be modified by changing the level of calpastatin, an endogenous calpain inhibitor, ... Calcium-dependent neutral protease (calpain), a candidate for the degradation of PEST-containing proteins, digests c-Jun and c- ... This is the first demonstration that transcription factors are substrates for calpain. ...
2013, Graduate Research, Investigating Calpain Expression on Tau Toxicity. - Central Michigan University Scholarly & Creative...
SubunitCalpastatinInhibitionInhibitorsProteinsRole of calpainsSubstrateEffect of calpainCAPN2Cell-permeableApoptosisSubstratesCleavageIntracellularProteolysisCAPN3DegradationCaused calpain-dependentRecombinantCalcium-dependentLimb-girdle muSuggest that calpainEnzymeUbiquitousGeneHuman CalpainProtease calpainCAPN5ApoptoticSkeletal muscleCytoskeletalCalpeptinCytosolicCytoskeletonExpressionAntibodyActivityGenesMEROPSMembraneAmino acid seqCdk5CellsActivationAntibodies
Subunit9
- The calpain proteolytic system includes the calpain proteases, the small regulatory subunit CAPNS1, also known as CAPN4, and the endogenous calpain-specific inhibitor, calpastatin. (wikipedia.org)
- Structurally, these two heterodimeric isoforms share an identical small (28 kDa) subunit (CAPNS1 (formerly CAPN4)), but have distinct large (80 kDa) subunits, known as calpain 1 and calpain 2 (each encoded by the CAPN1 and CAPN2 genes, respectively). (wikipedia.org)
- Overactivation of calpain 1 and calpain 2 (and their small subunit) has long been tied to acute neurological disorders (e.g. stroke and traumatic brain injury) and recently to Alzheimer's disease. (nih.gov)
- Calpain 1 (large subunit), also designated µ-calpain, is an intracellular calcium-dependent protease that cleaves cyto-skeletal and submembranous proteins. (huabio.com)
- Calpains are heterodimers of a small regulatory subunit and one of three large catalytic subunits, designated Calpain 1 (large subunit), Calpain 2 and Calpain p94. (huabio.com)
- Both mu- and m-calpain are heterodimers containing an identical 28-kDa subunit and an 80-kDa subunit that shares 55-65% sequence homology between the two proteases. (scienceopen.com)
- The crystallographic structure of m-calpain reveals six 'domains' in the 80-kDa subunit: 1). (scienceopen.com)
- Since 1989, cDNA cloning has identified 12 additional mRNAs in mammals that encode polypeptides homologous to domains IIa and IIb of the 80-kDa subunit of mu- and m-calpain, and calpain-like mRNAs have been identified in other organisms. (scienceopen.com)
- Subcellular localization and in vivo subunit interactions of ubiquitous μ-calpain. (mpg.de)
Calpastatin17
- Calpain-1 appeared to preferentially degrade JAK-phosphorylated-STAT6, which was blocked by calpastatin-mediated inhibition or by genetic knockout in mouse fibroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
- Calpastatin reduces with high efficiency the transition from 78 kDa to 75 kDa calpain forms. (huabio.com)
- Calpastatin regulates Calpain by inhibiting both the proteolytic activity of Calpain and its binding to membranes. (huabio.com)
- The activity of c-Jun in cultured cells can be modified by changing the level of calpastatin, an endogenous calpain inhibitor, indicating that c-Jun is also a substrate for calpain in vivo. (pasteur.fr)
- Spinal cord analysis of SMA mice treated with calpeptin, a calpain inhibitor, showed an increase of SMN, calpain, and its endogenous inhibitor calpastatin in MNs. (udl.cat)
- Calpastatin exon 1B-derived peptide, a selective inhibitor of calpain: Enhancing cell permeability by conjugation with penetratin. (mpg.de)
- The calpain system originally comprised three molecules: two Ca2+-dependent proteases, mu-calpain and m-calpain, and a third polypeptide, calpastatin, whose only known function is to inhibit the two calpains. (scienceopen.com)
- A central question has been how calpastatin is so exquisitely specific in attaching to calpain and inhibiting it-essentially ignoring other highly similar enzymes in the cell. (anl.gov)
- Previous studies on calpastatin had revealed how a few of the parts of the calpastatin molecule attach to calpain in the inhibition process," said Green. (anl.gov)
- Tudor Moldoveanu, a postdoctoral fellow in Green's laboratory, performed x-ray structural analysis on such a protein crystal that consisted of a critical part of the calpastatin molecule attached to calpain. (anl.gov)
- The structural picture obtained of the two proteins clutched together clearly revealed why calpastatin so specifically attaches to calpain. (anl.gov)
- Calpain has multiple domains, and what we saw was that calpastatin wraps itself around pretty much every domain of calpain," said Moldoveanu. (anl.gov)
- This broad embrace also guarantees that calpastatin will precisely recognize only calpains, rather than mistakenly attach to other similar enzymes in the cell. (anl.gov)
- Furthermore, the researchers discovered how calpastatin evades being chewed up by calpain. (anl.gov)
- The researchers' structural information also showed how calpain changes its shape once it is activated by calcium and how this transformation renders it a target of calpastatin attachment and thus inhibition. (anl.gov)
- Four of these genes [IGFBP1, peroxiredoxin3, TNFR1, and calpastatin (endogenous inhibitor of calpain)] could be validated by real-time PCR. (cun.es)
- 1991). Koohmaraie (1996) identified the protease μ-calpain ( CAPN1 ) and its inhibitor calpastatin ( CAST ) as major factors affecting post-mortem tenderization in meat. (unl.edu)
Inhibition16
- Previous studies have shown that the inhibition of calpains prevents the enterovirus infection after entry and RNA release into the cytoplasm. (jyu.fi)
- However, previous studies have shown that the inhibition of the cellular calpains inhibits the enterovirus RNA-replication. (jyu.fi)
- The inhibition of calpains before 120 min post-infection inhibited both Echovirus 1 and Coxsackievirus B3 infection. (jyu.fi)
- The inhibition of calpains prevented the intracellular membrane modifications characteristic to enterovirus infection. (jyu.fi)
- PARP-1 inhibition appears to destabilize STAT6 on IL-4 or allergen exposure potentially through a calpain-dependent mechanism as a partially specific calpain inhibitor (ALLN) reversed this process [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Finally, in vitro calpeptin treatment prevented microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) increase in MNs neurites, indicating that calpain inhibition may reduce autophagosome accumulation in neuron prolongations, but not in soma. (udl.cat)
- Thus, our results show that calpain activity is increased in SMA MNs and its inhibition may have a beneficial effect on SMA phenotype through the increase of SMN in spinal cord MNs. (udl.cat)
- Calpain inhibition by 100 mM MDL partially prevented these changes and increased stimulus-dependent phosphorylation of PKC-specific protein substrates. (edu.pl)
- Inhibition of calpain after the window of opportunity slows down the rate of lamellipodial extension but doesn't arrest it. (bgu.ac.il)
- Soy isoflavones and calpain inhibition have been suggested to exert inhibitory effects on cancer development and progression. (biomedcentral.com)
- Inhibition of calpain activity amplified the Haelan-induced growth inhibition of CAPAN-1 and BxPC-3 cells, but failed to amplify the growth inhibition of Haelan-treated AR42J cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- In fibroblasts, calpain inhibition induced Haelan-independent growth inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)
- Calpain inhibition also amplified the Haelan-induced apoptotic activity in all cancer cell lines, but exerted no further effect in fibroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
- Calpain inhibition strengthens integrin-cytoskeletal linkages and greatly reduces integrin-extraction during rear retraction. (mit.edu)
- Calpain Inhibition Is Protective in Machado-Joseph Disease Zebrafish Due to Induction of Autophagy. (ataxin.com)
- On the other hand, calpain inhibition upregulates TRPM7, decreases intracellular magnesium and enhances the sensitivity to doxorubicin of resistant LoVo cells. (unicatt.it)
Inhibitors6
- Dr. Battaglia is investigating how a treatment with calpain inhibitors may restore normal communication between synaptic transmission and thereby slow the progression of the disease. (brightfocus.org)
- Calpain inhibitors have already been used in the therapy of various other diseases. (brightfocus.org)
- Analyzing the effects of calpain inhibitors in animal models of Alzheimer's might help to identify a new treatment for AD. (brightfocus.org)
- Recent advances in SMA research postulate the role of calpain protease regulating survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and the positive effect on SMA phenotype of treatment with calpain inhibitors. (udl.cat)
- The results show for the first time that Haelan may be a promising candidate in the treatment of human pancreatic cancer, and its anticancer activity may be potentiated when administered with calpain inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
- This study provides new insight into the role of this protein family in influenza A viruses pathogenesis and shows that targeting calpains-dependent signaling pathways with calpain inhibitors has a protective effect in influenza A viruses infection, reduces viral replication, leukocyte infiltration and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in bronchial epithelial cells. (hku.hk)
Proteins7
- When the sequence of this enzyme became known, it was given the name "calpain", to recognize its common properties with two well-known proteins at the time, the calcium-regulated signalling protein, calmodulin, and the cysteine protease of papaya, papain. (wikipedia.org)
- Under these physiological conditions, a transient and localized influx of calcium into the cell activates a small local population of calpains (for example, those close to Ca2+ channels), which then advance the signal transduction pathway by catalyzing the controlled proteolysis of its target proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Possible candidates as causes of AD are a particular type of proteins called calpains. (brightfocus.org)
- Calcium-dependent neutral protease (calpain), a candidate for the degradation of PEST-containing proteins, digests c-Jun and c-Fos efficiently in vitro. (pasteur.fr)
- Cell morphogenesis of Trypanosoma brucei requires the paralogous, differentially expressed calpain-related proteins CAP5.5 and CAP5.5V. (ox.ac.uk)
- Proteins from the calpain super-family are involved in developmentally- and environmentally-regulated re-modelling of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and the dynamic organisation of signal transduction cascades. (ox.ac.uk)
- It is said that an accumulation of Calcium in the intact lens induces formation of high molecular weight proteins, which may be associated with the loss of lens transparency [ 4 ], Caused by prolonged increase in intracellular calcium would be expected to activate proteases such as calpain so any interference within the lens is also likely to have a cataract. (alliedacademies.org)
Role of calpains3
- Although the physiological role of calpains is still poorly understood, they have been shown to be active participants in processes such as cell mobility and cell cycle progression, as well as cell-type specific functions such as long-term potentiation in neurons and cell fusion in myoblasts. (wikipedia.org)
- Aim of this study is to investigate the role of calpains in Echovirus 1 and Coxsackievirus B3 infections. (jyu.fi)
- These results suggest that the role of calpains in the enterovirus infection is after entry but before membrane rearrangements and RNA replication, most likely in the polyprotein processing. (jyu.fi)
Substrate5
- Arguably, the best currently available fluorogenic calpain substrate is (EDANS)-Glu-Pro-Leu-Phe=Ala-Glu-Arg-Lys-(DABCYL), with cleavage occurring at the Phe=Ala bond. (wikipedia.org)
- Additionally, our results show that STAT6 is a bonafide substrate for chaperone-mediated autophagy in a selective and calpain-dependent manner in the human Jurkat cell-line. (biomedcentral.com)
- The proteolysis of spectrin, a calpain substrate and a major component of the membrane skeleton, occurs within this window of opportunity, in agreement with the hypothesis that spectrin proteolysis is an early step in the formation of the GC. (bgu.ac.il)
- TUG is a calpain-10 substrate involved in the translocation of GLUT4 in adipocytes. (nih.gov)
- αII-Spectrin, a structural protein of the cell cytoskeleton with a molecular weight of 250 kDa, is a major substrate of cytosolic cysteine proteases, such as calpains and caspases [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Effect of calpain2
- Utilizing this model, bovine semitendinosus muscles were processed to generate long and short sarcomere lengths to study their effect on the degradation of Troponin-T. Myofibrils were isolated and western blot analysis of Troponin-T was conducted to analyze the effect of calpain digestion on isolated myofibrils. (usda.gov)
- Effect of calpain 3 defficiency on calcium homeostasis. (deusto.es)
CAPN22
- In contrast, cells with targeted knockout of either calpain-1 (CAPN1∼/∼) or -2 (CAPN2∼/∼) show near-normal repair of mechanical injuries, inferring that both calpain-1 and calpain-2 are equally capable of conducting the cascade of proteolytic cleavage events to reseal a membrane injury, including that of the known membrane repair agent dysferlin. (edu.au)
- With CAPN1 variants associated with spastic paraplegia, a severe dystrophy observed with muscle-specific loss of calpain-1 and -2 activity identifies CAPN2 and CAPNS1 as plausible candidate neuromuscular disease genes. (edu.au)
Cell-permeable5
- Calpain Inhibitor III, CAS 88191-84-8, is a potent, cell-permeable inhibitor of calpain I and II (Ki = 8 nM). (emdmillipore.com)
- A potent, cell-permeable inhibitor of calpain I and II (K i = 8 nM). (emdmillipore.com)
- A new cell-permeable calpain inhibitor. (mpg.de)
- Irreversible, non-toxic, cell-permeable inhibitor of cysteine proteases calpain, cathepsins B and L, and Trypanosome trypanopain . (enzolifesciences.com)
- Calpeptin is a cell-permeable inhibitor of a group of proteases, including calpain I, calpain II, cathepsin L, and cathepsin K. (news-medical.net)
Apoptosis5
- The calpains ostensibly participate in a variety of cellular processes including remodelling of cytoskeletal/membrane attachments, different signal transduction pathways, and apoptosis. (embl-heidelberg.de)
- Lonomycin-activated calpain triggers apoptosis - A probable role for Bcl-2 family members. (mpg.de)
- How calpain activity is regulated in cells is still unclear, but the calpains ostensibly participate in a variety of cellular processes including remodeling of cytoskeletal/membrane attachments, different signal transduction pathways, and apoptosis. (scienceopen.com)
- We investigated the effects of the isoflavone containing beverage Haelan 951 and the calpain inhibitor PD150606 on the viability, growth and apoptosis of the human pancreatic cancer cell lines CAPAN-1 and BxPC-3, on the rat pancreatic cancer cell line AR42J, and on human fibroblasts as the control cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
- CT-1-/- mice are highly sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis due in part to deficient STAT-3 activation and inadequate control of calpain activity during the apoptotic process. (cun.es)
Substrates2
- This is the first demonstration that transcription factors are substrates for calpain. (pasteur.fr)
- rather, caspase-8 interacts with a multiprotein complex that can include focal adhesion kinase and calpain 2 (CPN2), enhancing cleavage of focal adhesion substrates and cell migration. (elsevier.com)
Cleavage6
- In a cleavage experiment calpains were found capable of processing the Coxsackievirus B1 polyprotein. (jyu.fi)
- Calpain-Cleavage of α-Synuclein: Connecting Proteolytic Processing to " by Brian M. Dufty, Lisa R. Warner et al. (boisestate.edu)
- To determine whether calpain-cleavage of α-Syn occurs in PD and DLB, we designed site-directed calpain-cleavage antibodies to α-Syn and tested their utility in several animal model systems. (boisestate.edu)
- Proteolytic cleavage of alpha-actinin by calpain in T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. (jimmunol.org)
- Our study suggests that calpain-dependent cleavage and dephosphorylation of KCC2 decreased the seizure threshold of rats under prenatal stress. (en-journal.org)
- 1) GPS-CCD 1.0: A novel computational program for the prediction of calpain cleavage sites with GPS 2.1 algorithm. (biocuckoo.org)
Intracellular4
- We wished to decipher the PARP-1/STAT6 relationship in the context of intracellular trafficking and promoter occupancy of the transcription factor on target genes, its integrity in the presence of calpains, and its connection to autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
- Calpains are nonlysosomal, calcium-activated intracellular cysteine proteases. (huabio.com)
- Our laboratory has established that local activation of calpain by a transient elevation of the free intracellular calcium concentration is crucial for the induction of growth cone (GC) formation in cultured Aplysia neurons. (bgu.ac.il)
- High intracellular Ca(2 + ) causes activation of the enzyme calpain II, which leads to the denaturation of crystalline, the soluble lens protein required for maintaining the transparency of the lens. (alliedacademies.org)
Proteolysis3
- It is concluded that the PKC phosphorylation system is severely affected by non-specific activation and a subsequent, calpain-dependent proteolysis in the acutely prepared hippocampal slices. (edu.pl)
- The neutral proteases activated by calcium ions, called calpains, are partially responsible for postmortem proteolysis, leading to a progressive increase in meat tenderness. (usp.br)
- The role of calpain-mediated proteolysis of ataxin-3 in Machado-Joseph disease: a molecular therapy approach with viral vectors. (fct.pt)
CAPN31
- A severe muscular dystrophy in a murine model with skeletal muscle knockout of Capns1 highlights vital roles for calpain-1 and/or -2 for health and viability of skeletal muscles not compensated for by calpain-3 (CAPN3). (edu.au)
Degradation3
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation protected phosphorylated-STAT6 against calpain-1-mediated degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
- Calpain contributes to silica-induced IkB-a degradation and nuclear factor-kB activation. (cdc.gov)
- Exogenous '-calpain was added to myofibrils and the extent of Troponin-T degradation was monitored at 0, 2, 15, 60, 120 min, 1 d and 2d. (usda.gov)
Caused calpain-dependent1
- Ischemia induced either by embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo or by oxygen and glucose deprivation in brain slices caused calpain-dependent conversion of the Cdk5-activating cofactor p35 to p25. (cdc.gov)
Recombinant1
- Recombinant protein within human calpain 1 aa 1-714 / 714. (huabio.com)
Calcium-dependent3
- We identified calpain, a calcium-dependent protease, as a regulator of rear retraction and cell speed at high adhesiveness. (mit.edu)
- Such molecules could include the calpains, ubiquitous calcium-dependent proteases. (hku.hk)
- Furthermore, the expression levels of voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.1, protein kinase C gamma and calcium-dependent protease, calpain-2, were increased after CDR antibody internalization. (uib.no)
Limb-girdle mu1
- Loss-of-function mutations of the calpain 3 gene have now been identified as the cause of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2A. (nih.gov)
Suggest that calpain2
- These findings suggest that calpain I may participate in the disease-linked aggregation of α-Syn in various α-synucleinopathies. (boisestate.edu)
- We suggest that calpain participates in two different processes: it is critical for the triggering of GC formation and plays a modulatory role during the extension of the GC's lamellipodia. (bgu.ac.il)
Enzyme6
- Eight females with a family history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) were analysed for their carrier status by m-calpain test, which monitors the m-calpain (milli-calpain), a proteolytic enzyme in the platelets, using an ELISA technique. (who.int)
- Crystal structure of calcium bound domain VI of calpain at 1.9 A resolution and its role in enzyme assembly, regulation, and inhibitor binding. (cathdb.info)
- But when a defective or overactive variation of that same enzyme, called calpain, is linked to a startling array of illnesses, then finding out how to regulate calpains becomes an important research objective. (anl.gov)
- This attachment not only blocks the portion of the enzyme called the active site, where calpain performs its snipping function, but also covers regions away from that site. (anl.gov)
- IL-1β-converting enzyme cleaves the inactive IL-1β Precursor and ProIL-1α is processed by calpain (4). (biolegend.com)
- The potency of ANAVEX 2-73, inhibiting enzyme activities was also studied on enzyme assays including calpain, nitric oxide synthase (constitutive and inducible form), protein kinase (PKCα and PKCβ), EGF receptor kinase and calcineurin. (anavex.com)
Ubiquitous1
- The ubiquitous calpains, calpain-1 and -2, play important roles in Ca2+-dependent membrane repair. (edu.au)
Gene4
- Calpain 10 was recently identified as a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes, whereas calpain 9 appears to be a gastric cancer suppressor. (nih.gov)
- In trypanosomatid parasites, calpain-related gene families are unusually large, but we have little insight into the functional roles played by these molecules during trypanosomatid lifecycles. (ox.ac.uk)
- Using CRISPR gene-edited human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell lines, we established that loss of both calpains-1 and -2 (CAPNS1∼/∼) virtually ablates Ca2+-dependent repair of mechanical scrape injuries but does not affect injury or recovery from perforation by streptoly-sin-O or saponin. (edu.au)
- Calpain 10 gene and laryngeal cancer: a survival analysis. (cdc.gov)
Human Calpain2
- Trouvez Calpain 2 Protéines pour une variété d'espèces telles que anti-Human Calpain 2, anti-Mouse Calpain 2, anti-Cow Calpain 2. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
- New evidence for calcium mishandling in human Calpain 3 deficient myotubes. (deusto.es)
Protease calpain2
- Remarkably, Cacna1f x rd1 double mutant mice displayed a strong decrease in the activation of the Ca2+-dependent protease calpain during photoreceptor loss. (uni-muenchen.de)
- In the present study, we demonstrate that proteolytic processing of α-Syn by the protease calpain I leads to the formation of aggregated high-molecular weight species and adoption of a β-sheet structure. (boisestate.edu)
CAPN51
- Notably, we discovered calpain-5 (CAPN5) and the ubiquitin ligase Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene B (CBLB) to form a complex with CD81 and support HCV entry. (inserm.fr)
Apoptotic2
- Calpains have been implicated in apoptotic cell death, and appear to be an essential component of necrosis. (wikipedia.org)
- These results in the order animals, contrary to those in the other age groups, could be credited to a sarcopenic phenotype observed as increased muscle wasting due to altered calcium homeostasis, depleted muscle ATP content and activation of the calpain system and other apoptotic pathways (Bartoli et al. (uprm.edu)
Skeletal muscle1
- Calpain is also involved in skeletal muscle protein breakdown due to exercise and altered nutritional states. (wikipedia.org)
Cytoskeletal2
- Here we report that CAP5.5, a cytoskeletal calpain-related protein subject to strict stage-specific expression in the sleeping sickness parasite Trypanosoma brucei, is essential and required for correct cell morphogenesis of procyclic (tsetse mid-gut stage) T. brucei. (ox.ac.uk)
- We propose that the dystrophic phenotype relates to loss of maintenance of plasma membrane/cytoskeletal networks by calpains-1 and -2 in response to directed and dysfunctional Ca2+-signaling, pathways hyperstimulated in the context of membrane injury. (edu.au)
Calpeptin1
- Indeed, the calpain inhibitor calpeptin markedly increases the levels of TRPM7 in resistant cells. (unicatt.it)
Cytosolic1
- Detergent fractionation revealed the cytosolic localization of calpain. (wikipedia.org)
Cytoskeleton1
- Rapid detachment rate is regulated by integrin-ligand affinity and concentrations while slow detachment is regulated by integrin-cytoskeleton binding and calpain activity. (mit.edu)
Expression2
- 2013, Graduate Research, Investigating Calpain Expression on Tau Toxicity. (cmich.edu)
- Expression of capn8.3, a novel calpain, was located in cells immediately flanking the AER . (xenbase.org)
Antibody1
- Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat testis tissue using anti-Calpain 1 antibody. (huabio.com)
Activity11
- Shortly thereafter, the activity was found to be attributable to two main isoforms, dubbed μ ("mu")-calpain and m-calpain (or calpain I and II), that differed primarily in their calcium requirements in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
- Additionally, phosphorylation by protein kinase A and dephosphorylation by alkaline phosphatase have been found to positively regulate the activity of μ-calpains by increasing random coils and decreasing β-sheets in its structure. (wikipedia.org)
- Phosphorylation improves proteolytic activity and stimulates auto-activation of μ-calpains. (wikipedia.org)
- However, increased calcium concentration overruns the effects of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation on calpain activity, and thus calpain activity ultimately depends on the presence of calcium. (wikipedia.org)
- Enhanced calpain activity, regulated by CAPNS1, significantly contributes to platelet hyperreactivity under hypoxic environment. (wikipedia.org)
- Results indicate an increase of calpain activity in SMN-reduced MNs. (udl.cat)
- In contrast, only the slices where calpain activity was inhibited responded to further NMDA or phorbol dibutyrate stimulation by a substantial increase of PKC-dependent protein phosphorylation. (edu.pl)
- We began to study these questions by determining the nature of calpain's action and the stages in which calpain activity affects the cascade of events that leads to the formation of the GC and its extension. (bgu.ac.il)
- No evidence of calpain, cathepsin B or H activity was found. (oregonstate.edu)
- In this animal model, first, we evaluated baseline calpain activity. (en-journal.org)
- Chronic inflammation induced extrasynaptic utrophin upregulation in muscle fibers of mdx mice is correlated with reduced calpain activity. (saba.edu)
Genes1
- We reported that PARP-1 regulates genes whose products are crucial for asthma, in part, by controlling STAT6 integrity speculatively through a calpain-dependent mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
MEROPS2
- Calpains constitute the C2 family of protease clan CA in the MEROPS database. (wikipedia.org)
- As the first calpain whose three-dimensional structure was determined, m-calpain is the type-protease for the C2 (calpain) family in the MEROPS database. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane1
- We demonstrate that calpain-1 and -2 are master effectors of Ca2+-dependent repair of mechanical plasma membrane scrape injuries, although they are dispensable for repair/removal of small wounds caused by pore-forming agents. (edu.au)
Amino acid seq1
- No specific amino acid sequence is uniquely recognized by calpains. (wikipedia.org)
Cdk52
- In our second body of work, we demonstrate that neuronal MDMX is reduced in AD and in AD models due to amyloid-induced caspase activation, and that loss of MDMX function contributes to pathological processes observed in AD, including mitochondrial damage, calpain activation, and Cdk5 hyperactivity. (upenn.edu)
- We conclude that the oncoprotein MDMX promotes neuronal survival through regulation of mitochondria, calpains, and Cdk5. (upenn.edu)
Cells2
- In the brain, while μ-calpain is mainly located in the cell body and dendrites of neurons and to a lesser extent in axons and glial cells, m-calpain is found in glia and a small number in axons. (wikipedia.org)
- As molecular overachievers, calpains play a role in many cellular processes, including the movement of cells in tissues, the death of damaged cells, insulin secretion, and brain cell and muscle function. (anl.gov)
Activation4
- Our results show that genetic deletion of the synaptic Ca-v 1.4 L-type VGCCs impairs calpain activation and leads to a short-term preservation of photoreceptors in the rd1 mouse. (uni-muenchen.de)
- In addition to preventing caspase-3 activation, resveratrol also reduced calpain activation. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Our investigation of E2F1 has resulted in the discovery of a role for this protein in activation of a calpain-dependent death pathway which has not been previously described. (upenn.edu)
- One of our immediate lines of investigation is testing the hypothesis that E2F1 induces neuronal death in HIV encephalitis via calpain activation, a novel pathway. (upenn.edu)
Antibodies1
- In the human PD and DLB brain, calpain-cleaved α-Syn antibodies immunolabeled LBs and neurites in the substantia nigra. (boisestate.edu)