Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.

Sulphonic acid derivatives as probes of pore properties of volume-regulated anion channels in endothelial cells. (1/86)

1. We have used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to study the effects of 4-sulphonic-calixarenes and some other poly-sulphonic acid agents, such as suramin and basilen blue, on volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) currents in cultured endothelial cells (CPAE cells). 2. The 4-sulphonic-calixarenes induced a fast inhibition at positive potentials but were ineffective at negative potentials. At small positive potentials, 4-sulphonic-calix[4]arene was a more effective inhibitor than 4-sulphonic-calix[6]arene and -calix[8]arene, which became more effective at more positive potentials. 3. Also suramin and basilen blue induced a voltage dependent current inhibition, reaching a maximum around +40 mV and declining at more positive potentials. 4. The voltage dependence of inhibition was modelled by assuming that these negatively charged molecules bind to a site inside VRAC that senses a fraction delta of the applied electrical field, ranging beween 0.16 to 0.32. 4-Sulphonic-calix[4]arene, suramin and basilen blue bind and occlude VRAC at moderate potentials, but permeate the channel at more positive potentials. 4-Sulphonic-calix[6]arene and -calix[8]arene however do not permeate the channel. From the structural information of the calixarenes, we estimate a lower and upper limit of 11*12 and 17*12 A2 respectively for the cross-sectional area of the pore.  (+info)

Anatomy, physiology, and synaptic responses of rat layer V auditory cortical cells and effects of intracellular GABA(A) blockade. (2/86)

The varied extracortical targets of layer V make it an important site for cortical processing and output, which may be regulated by differences in the pyramidal neurons found there. Two populations of projection neurons, regular spiking (RS) and intrinsic bursting (IB), have been identified in layer V of some sensory cortices, and differences in their inhibitory inputs have been indirectly demonstrated. In this report, IB and RS cells were identified in rat auditory cortical slices, and differences in thalamocortical inhibition reaching RS and IB cells were demonstrated directly using intracellular GABA(A) blockers. Thalamocortical synaptic input to RS cells was always a combination of excitation and both GABA(A) and GABA(B) inhibition. Stimulation seldom triggered a suprathreshold response. IB cell synaptic responses were mostly excitatory, and stimulation usually triggered action potentials. This apparent difference was confirmed directly using intracellular chloride channel blockers. Before intracellular diffusion, synaptic responses were stable and similar to control conditions. Subsequently, GABA(A) was blocked, revealing a cell's total excitatory input. On GABA(A) blockade, RS cells responded to synaptic stimulation with large, suprathreshold excitatory events, indicating that excitation, while always present in these cells, is masked by GABA(A). In IB cells that had visible GABA(A) input, it often masked an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) that could lead to additional suprathreshold events. These findings indicate that IB cells receive less GABA(A)-mediated inhibitory input and are able to spike or burst in response to thalamocortical synaptic stimulation far more readily than RS cells. Such differences may have implications for the influence each cell type exerts on its postsynaptic targets.  (+info)

Permeabilization via the P2X7 purinoreceptor reveals the presence of a Ca2+-activated Cl- conductance in the apical membrane of murine tracheal epithelial cells. (3/86)

Calcium-activated Cl(-) secretion is an important modulator of regulated ion transport in murine airway epithelium and is mediated by an unidentified Ca(2+)-stimulated Cl(-) channel. We have transfected immortalized murine tracheal epithelial cells with the cDNA encoding the permeabilizing P2X(7) purinoreceptor (P2X(7)-R) to selectively permeabilize the basolateral membrane and thereby isolate the apical membrane Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) current. In P2X(7)-R-permeabilized cells, we have demonstrated that UTP stimulates a Cl(-) current across the apical membrane of CF and normal murine tracheal epithelial cells. The magnitude of the UTP-stimulated current was significantly greater in CF than in normal cells. Ion substitution studies demonstrated that the current exhibited a permselectivity sequence of Cl(-) > I(-) > Br(-) > gluconate(-). We have also determined a rank order of potency for putative Cl(-) channel blockers: niflumic acid > or = 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid > 4, 4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate > glybenclamide >> diphenlyamine-2-carboxylate, tamoxifen, and p-tetra-sulfonato-tetra-methoxy-calix[4]arene. Complete characterization of this current and the corresponding single channel properties could lead to the development of a new therapy to correct the defective airway surface liquid in cystic fibrosis patients.  (+info)

Emergent mechanical properties of self-assembled polymeric capsules. (4/86)

Synthetic self-assembled systems combine responsiveness and reversibility with the ability to perform chemical tasks such as molecular recognition and catalysis. An unmet challenge is the construction of polymeric materials that, like nature's tubulin, are simultaneously reversible and capable of useful physical tasks. We report here a class of reversibly formed polymers that show covalent-polymer mechanical integrity in solution and in the solid state. Non-Newtonian, polymeric behavior is observed despite the low molecular weight of the individual subunits and the seemingly weak forces holding the assemblies together. These polymers assemble through self-complementary hydrogen bonding and by physical encapsulation of small molecules; accordingly, the emergent macroscopic structure and function can be controlled by appropriate chemical signals.  (+info)

An improved Na+-selective microelectrode for intracellular measurements in plant cells. (5/86)

The high background K+ concentration in plant cells is a problem for intracellular measurements of Na+ using ion-selective microelectrodes. The discrimination between Na+ and K+ of the microelectrode ionophore molecule limits the usefulness of this technique. A new Na+-selective microelectrode with an ionophore incorporating a tetramethoxyethyl ester derivative of p-t-butyl calix[4]arene has been developed. Microelectrodes made with this new sensor have superior selectivity for Na+ over K+ resulting in a lower limit of detection when compared with microelectrodes made using a commercially available ionophore (ETH227). Both types of microelectrodes were insensitive to changes in ionic strength and physiological ranges of pH, but only the calixarene-based electrodes showed no protein interference. To test the suitability of the calixarene-based microelectrodes for measurements in plants, they were used to measure Na+ in epidermal cells in the zone 10-20 mm from the root apex of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Seedlings were grown in a nutrient solution containing 200 mM NaCl for 1-6 d. The range of intracellular Na+ activity (a(Na)) measured varied from < or =0.1 mM (limit of detection) to over 100 mM, and these values increased significantly with time. The membrane potential (E(m)) of these cells was variable, but the values became significantly more negative with time, although there was no significant correlation between E(m) and a(Na). These intracellular measurements could not be separated into distinct populations that might be representative of subcellular compartments.  (+info)

Interchain hydrogen-bonding interactions may facilitate translocation of K+ ions across the potassium channel selectivity filter, as suggested by synthetic modeling chemistry. (6/86)

A 4-fold symmetric arrangement of TVGYG polypeptides forms the selectivity filter of the K+ channel from Streptomyces lividans (KcsA). We report the synthesis and properties of synthetic models for the filter, p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene-(OCH(2)CO-XOBz)(4) (X = V, VG, VGY), 1-3. The first cation (Na+, K+) binds to the four -[OCH(2)CO]- units, a region devised to mimic the metal-binding site formed by the four T residues in KcsA. NMR studies reveal that cations and valine amide protons compete for the carbonyl oxygen atoms, converting NH(Val)...O=C hydrogen bonds to M+ ...O=C bonds (M+ = Na+ or K+). The strength of these interchain NH(Val)...O=C hydrogen bonds varies in the order 3 > 2 > 1. We propose that such interchain H-bonding may destabilize metal binding in the selectivity filter and thus help create the low energy barrier needed for rapid cation translocation.  (+info)

Facile formation of chiral calixarene analogs incorporating cystine peptide into the macrocyclic ring. (7/86)

Chiral calixarene analogs incorporating cystine peptide into their macrocyclic ring were easily prepared by the cyclization reactions of bis(chloromethyl)phenol-formaldehyde oligomers with cystine peptides in moderate yields. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra indicated the existence of the transmission of the chirality from peptide unit to phenol-formaldehyde oligomer moiety.  (+info)

Cytosine substituted calix[4]pyrroles: neutral receptors for 5'-guanosine monophosphate. (8/86)

The synthesis and characterization of two cytosine-substituted calix[4]pyrrole conjugates, bearing the appended cytosine attached at either a beta- or meso-pyrrolic position, is described. These systems were tested as nucleotide-selective carriers and as active components of nucleotide-sensing ion-selective electrodes at pH 6.6. Studies of carrier selectivity were made using a Pressman-type model membrane system consisting of an initial pH 6.0 aqueous phase, an intervening dichloromethane barrier containing the calix[4]pyrrole conjugate, and a receiving basic aqueous phase. Good selectivity for the Watson-Crick complementary nucleotide, 5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP), was seen in the case of the meso-linked conjugate with the relative rates of through-membrane transport being 7.7:4.1:1 for 5'-GMP, 5'-AMP, and 5'-CMP, respectively. By contrast, the beta-substituted conjugate, while showing a selectivity for 5'-GMP that was enhanced relative to unsubstituted calix[4]pyrrole, was found to transport 5'-CMP roughly 4.5 times more quickly than 5'-GMP. Higher selectivities were also found for 5'-CMP when both the beta- and meso-substituted conjugates were incorporated into polyvinyl chloride membranes and tested as ion selective electrodes at pH 6.6, whereas near-equal selectivities were observed for 5'-CMP and 5'-GMP in the case of unsubstituted calix[4]pyrroles. These seemingly disparate results are consistent with a picture wherein the meso-substituted cytosine calix[4]pyrrole conjugate, but not its beta-linked congener, is capable of acting as a ditopic receptor, binding concurrently both the phosphate anion and nucleobase portions of 5'-GMP to the calixpyrrole core and cytosine "tails" of the molecule, respectively, with the effect of this binding being most apparent under the conditions of the transport experiments.  (+info)

Calixarenes are a type of macrocyclic compound, which are formed by the condensation of certain phenolic compounds. The name "calixarene" comes from the Latin word "calyx," meaning "cup-shaped structure," and "arene," referring to the aromatic components of the molecule.

Calixarenes have a cup-like shape, with a hydrophobic cavity that can bind to various guest molecules through non-covalent interactions such as van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking. The size and functionality of the cavity can be modified by changing the number and type of aromatic rings and substituents, making calixarenes useful in a variety of applications, including molecular recognition, catalysis, and drug delivery.

In medical contexts, calixarenes have been explored for their potential as drug delivery vehicles, due to their ability to encapsulate drugs within their hydrophobic cavities and release them in response to specific stimuli. They have also been studied for their potential use in diagnostic imaging, as they can be functionalized with radioactive isotopes or other contrast agents. However, further research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of using calixarenes in medical applications.

The calixarene based on p-tert-butyl phenol is also a cone. Calixarenes are structurally related to the pillararenes. In 1872 ... Calixarenes have been used as the macrocycle portion of a rotaxane and two calixarene molecules covalently joined together by ... Water soluble calixarenes, such as para-sulfontocalix[4]arene, have been examined for drug delivery. Calixarenes are used in ... Calixarenes are sparingly soluble as parent compounds and have high melting points. Calixarenes are characterised by a three- ...
Calixarenes resemble chalices (calix in Latin) with hydrophobic cavities that can hold smaller molecules or ions, an example of ... Calixarenes are the general category of macrocycle oligomers formed by hydroxyalkylation of a phenol and an aldehyde; ... Gutsche, C. D. (1989). Calixarenes. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 085186385X. Atwood, J. L.; Barbour, L. J.; ...
Wishard, A.; Gibb, B.C. (2016). "A chronology of cavitands". Calixarenes and beyond. Springer. pp. 195-234. doi:10.1007/978-3- ... The original definition proposed by Cram includes many classes of molecules: cyclodextrins, calixarenes, pillararenes and ...
The inherently chiral calixarenes featured an XXYZ or WXYZ substitution pattern, such that the planar representation of the ... The chirality in these calixarenes is instead derived from the curvature of the molecule in space. Due to the initial lack of a ... The term was first coined by Volker Boehmer in a 1994 review, to describe the chirality of calixarenes arising from their non- ... After creating a series of traditionally chiral calixarenes (through the addition of a chiral substituent group on the top or ...
Fernandes, Rodney; Mulay, Sandip (28 May 2014). "Chiral Cups (Calixarenes) via Dötz Benzannulation". Synthesis. 46 (14): 1836- ... such as calixarenes. The mechanism is thought to begin with the loss of carbon monoxide from the Fischer carbene complex 1 to ...
Controlled condensation with formaldehyde gives calixarenes. OSHA records show it as an irritant and has developed suggested ...
With 4-substituted phenols one obtains calixarenes. Phenol results in polymers. Cannizzaro reaction in the presence of basic ...
"Liquid Crystalline Calixarenes" pages 389-398. in Calixarenes 50th Anniversary: Commemorative Issue Vicens, J.; Asfari, Z.; ...
... s are a type of calixarene. Other types of resorcinarenes include the related pyrogallolarenes and ...
Classical examples include the crown ethers, calixarenes, porphyrins, and cyclodextrins. Macrocycles describe a large, mature ...
It is observed in compounds such as calixarenes and acridines. Peri-substitution occurs in naphthalenes for substituents at the ...
Examples include certain helicenes, calixarenes and fullerenes, which have inherent chirality. Moreover, it is possible for a ...
Many synthetic ionophores are based on crown ethers, cryptands, and calixarenes. Pyrazole-pyridine and bis-pyrazole derivatives ...
Organosilicon compounds successfully synthesized using the Wurtz-Fittig reaction include silylated calixarenes, t-butylsilicon ... "The Wurtz-Fittig Reaction in the Preparation of C-Silylated Calixarenes". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 72 (21): 8107-8110 ...
Calixarenes B. H. Smith, Bridged Aromatic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1964. P. M. Keehn, S. M. Rosenfeld (eds.), ...
2001). "A New Type of Calixarene: Octahydroxypyridine[4]arenes". Chemistry: A European Journal. 7 (2): 465-474. doi:10.1002/ ...
Ion channels containing calixarenes of ring size 3 and 4 have both been reported. For calix[4]arene, two conformations are ...
The Department conducts research in the following fields: thio-phosphorylated derivatives of resorcinols and calixarenes; ...
Calixarenes and related formaldehyde-arene condensates are one class of hosts that form inclusion compounds. One famous ...
CB[10] is large enough to hold other molecular hosts such as a calixarene molecule. With a calixarene guest different chemical ... Allosteric control is provided when an adamantane molecule forces a cone conformation with a calixarene - adamantane inclusion ... calixarenes, and pillararenes. Cucurbiturils are amidals (less precisely aminals) and synthesized from urea 1 and a dialdehyde ...
Kaestner, Marcus; Hofer, Manuel; Rangelow, Ivo W (2013). "Nanolithography by scanning probes on calixarene molecular glass ...
Classically, artificial enzymes bind substrates using receptors such as cyclodextrin, crown ethers, and calixarene. Artificial ...
They are structurally similar to the cucurbiturils and calixarenes that play an important part in host-guest chemistry. The ...
It selectively complexes cesium cations (Cs+), with an efficiency comparable to that of some calixarenes or crown ethers. It ...
... including calixarenes and cyclodextrins and even some inorganic polymers such as zeolites. Clathrates can be divided into two ...
Cyclodextrins, calixarenes, cucurbiturils and crown ethers are readily synthesized in large quantities, and are therefore ...
... are a type of calixarene, and a subset of resorcinarenes that are substituted with a hydroxyl at the 2- ...
... compare to cones and partial cones in calixarenes). The helicenes are a conceptually related class of structures in which the ...
This is accomplished by dynamic covalent chemistry in a one-pot condensation of 6 equivalents of a tetraformyl calixarene and ... The first generation carcerands are based on calixarene hemicarcerands with 4 alkyl substituents on the upper rim and 4 ...
... and calixarenes). Similar crosslinking occurs in urea-formaldehyde resins. The hydroxymethylation of N-H and P-H bonds can ...
The calixarene based on p-tert-butyl phenol is also a cone. Calixarenes are structurally related to the pillararenes. In 1872 ... Calixarenes have been used as the macrocycle portion of a rotaxane and two calixarene molecules covalently joined together by ... Water soluble calixarenes, such as para-sulfontocalix[4]arene, have been examined for drug delivery. Calixarenes are used in ... Calixarenes are sparingly soluble as parent compounds and have high melting points. Calixarenes are characterised by a three- ...
A Self-Assembling NHC-Pd-Loaded Calixarene as a Potent Catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction in Water by ... Peramo A, Abdellah I, Pecnard S, Mougin J, Martini C, Couvreur P, Huc V, Desmaële D. A Self-Assembling NHC-Pd-Loaded Calixarene ... Peramo A, Abdellah I, Pecnard S, Mougin J, Martini C, Couvreur P, Huc V, Desmaële D. A Self-Assembling NHC-Pd-Loaded Calixarene ... "A Self-Assembling NHC-Pd-Loaded Calixarene as a Potent Catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction in Water" ...
Walsh, Suzanne (1997) Clinical applications of calixarene based sodium-selective electrodes. PhD thesis, Dublin City University ...
The novel cerium calixarene complexes [p-tBu-calix[4](OMe)2(O)2Ce(acac)2] (1) and [p-tBu-calix[4](OMe)2(O)2Ce(hfac)2] (2) were ... Determination and fine tuning of the cerium oxidation state in cerium calixarene complexes. ... structures and properties as well as perspectives of practical use motivated intensive studies of various calixarene complexes ...
Among the calixarenes considered, our calculations have shown that calix[5]arene is so far the most viable macrocycle to hold ... Among the calixarenes considered, our calculations have shown that calix[5]arene is so far the most viable macrocycle to hold ... Among the calixarenes considered, our calculations have shown that calix[5]arene is so far the most viable macrocycle to hold ... Among the calixarenes considered, our calculations have shown that calix[5]arene is so far the most viable macrocycle to hold ...
title = "Calixarenes as new functionalized host molecules",. abstract = "Water-soluble calixarenes with various substituents ... Calixarenes as new functionalized host molecules. / Shinkai, Seiji. In: Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 58, No. 11, 01.01.1986 ... Calixarenes as new functionalized host molecules. In: Pure and Applied Chemistry. 1986 ; Vol. 58, No. 11. pp. 1523-1528. ... Water-soluble calixarenes with various substituents have been synthesized for the first time. It was demonstrated that these ...
X4C calixarene technology for immobilizing biomolecules on surfaces is supported by two patent families and many peer-reviewed ... Use of calixarenes bearing diazonium groups for the development of robust monolayers with unique tailored properties. ... Ultra-stable PEGylated calixarene-coated gold nanoparticles with a tunable bioconjugation density for biosensing applications. ... In this review, the recent advances of the use of calixarenes diazonium derivatives for the development of surfaces with ...
Ohto, K. Review of the extraction behavior of metal cations with calixarene derivaties. Solvent Extr. Res. Dev. Jpn. 17, 1-18 ( ... Thus, the results of these FT-IR studies show that the calixarene thioamide moieties of 1 capture Pd(II) ions via coordination ... Vicens, J. & Böhmer, V. Calixarenes: A versatile class of macrocyclic compounds. (Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, ... Generally, calixarenes and their derivatives are highly soluble only in aromatic/chlorinated diluents such as chloroform, ...
A dozen of Carls reviews on calixarenes and/or catalysis have been published in recent years. ... Projects span topics such as structural calixarene chemistry, alpha-olefin polymerization catalysis, new catalysts for ... Coordination chemistry; catalysis; metal-based anti-cancer agents; calixarene chemistry; organometallic chemistry. ...
Fabrication of calixarene-based graphene-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes for selective detection of anthracene ... Fabrication of calixarene-based graphene-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes for selective detection of anthracene. ...
Taylor, S. M., McIntosh, R. D., Piligkos, S., Dalgarno, S. J., & Brechin, E. K. (2012). Calixarene-supported clusters: ... Calixarene-supported clusters: employment of complementary cluster ligands for the construction of a ferromagnetic [Mn-5] cage. ... Calixarene-supported clusters: employment of complementary cluster ligands for the construction of a ferromagnetic [Mn-5] cage ... Calixarene-supported clusters: employment of complementary cluster ligands for the construction of a ferromagnetic [Mn-5] cage ...
Calixarene Assisted Rapid Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots (GQD) for Energy Related Applications and Beyond.. PP105 31-05- ... Graphene Quantum Dots; Calixarenes; Supercritical; Hydrothermal; Continuous Flow; life-cycle assessment; Toxicity ...
carbon paste electrodes; molecular cups (calixarenes, cyclodextrins, zeolites). Kalíková, Květa. Physical and Macromolecular ...
Chiral Calixarenes. ABDULKADİR SIRIT and MUSTAFA YILMAZ. Pages 159-200. PDF. Study of the Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate ...
Threading of an Inherently Directional Calixarene Wheel with Oriented Ammonium Axles. *. Pellegrino. La Manna. ...
calixarenes. cancer-related genes. cancer evolution. cancer stem cells. carbapenemases. catabolic gene. catalysis. ...
Calixarenes are widely used as synthetic scaffolds for the presentation of multiple functional groups. Tor, Sansone and co- ... Calixarene-decorated liposomes for intracellular cargo delivery. Ilaria Morbioli, Alessandro Casnati, Jeffrey D. Esko, Yitzhak ... Read the full article: Calixarene-decorated liposomes for intracellular cargo delivery. See the other articles showcased in ... For some years we have been working on calixarene derivatives that show remarkable ability in delivering nucleic acids into ...
Calixarene-mediated assembly of a small antifungal protein.. Alex, J.M., Rennie, M.L., Engilberge, S., Lehoczki, G., Dorottya, ... The contributions of calixarene size/conformation to protein recognition and assembly are discussed. Finally, it is suggested ... Synthetic macrocycles such as calixarenes and cucurbiturils are increasingly applied as mediators of protein assembly and ... Synthetic macrocycles such as calixarenes and cucurbiturils are increasingly applied as mediators of protein assembly and ...
Polyaminoazide mixtures for the synthesis of pH-responsive calixarene nanosponges. Articolo in rivista. Vai. ...
The crystal consists of two calixarene molecules joined together, resembling a pair of cups attached at a their open ends to ... The bizarre behavior of an organic crystal called calixarene could help drive a hydrogen economy, suggests a new study. ... Chemist Jerry Atwood of the University of Missouri-Columbia and his colleagues discovered calixarenes behavior after adding a ...
... cations bound within a calixarene cavity, in all of which some species in addition to the calixarene p surface associates with ... system of a calixarene and certain alkali metal cations; in other words her complaint was that we were reporting something that ... In contrast, the guessed structure of the Cs-calixarene accompanying Morel-Desrosiers letter reveals that a large fraction of ... Numerous earlier crystallographic studies had unambiguously indicated the binding of alkali metal cations in calixarene ...
Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using an optical fibre long period grating with a calixarene anchored mesoporous ...
Multivalent Calixarene-Based Liposomes as Platforms for Gene and Drug Delivery  Lebrón, José Antonio; López López, Manuel. ; ... Multivalent Calixarene-Based Liposomes as Platforms for Gene and Drug Delivery  Lebrón, José Antonio; López López, Manuel. ; ... The formation of calixarene-based liposomes was investigated, and the characterization of these nanostructures was carried out ... The formation of calixarene-based liposomes was investigated, and the characterization of these nanostructures was carried out ...
SB Eghbali Dogaheh. An investigation into the functionalization of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) with calixarenes and their ...
Complexation of Lanthanide Ions with Polymerizable Macrocyclic Calixarene Derivatives for Polymer Optical Device Applications. ... Incorporation of lanthanide ions in polymerizable macrocylic molecules, such as calixarene and calix-resorcinarene monomers, ...
Keywords: Supramolecular chemistry, Calixarenes, Imines, Receptors, Spectroscopy, Substituent effects Online date: April 07, ...
For example, amphiphilic and pseudo-amphiphilic calixarenes may be synthesized by selective functionalization at either face of ... Calixarenes represent excellent building blocks for the design of solid-state architectures, in particular calix-4-arenes ... Calixarenes represent excellent building blocks for the design of solid-state architectures, in particular calix-4-arenes ... For example, amphiphilic and pseudo-amphiphilic calixarenes may be synthesized by selective functionalization at either face of ...
  • With hydrophobic cavities that can hold smaller molecules or ions, calixarenes belong to the class of cavitands known in host-guest chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was demonstrated that these water-soluble calixarenes serve as a new class of catalysts, surfactants, ligands, and host molecules. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The crystal consists of two calixarene molecules joined together, resembling a pair of cups attached at a their open ends to leave a cavity inside. (sciencenews.org)
  • Incorporation of lanthanide ions in polymerizable macrocylic molecules, such as calixarene and calix-resorcinarene monomers, has been studied by 1 H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopies. (oldcitypublishing.com)
  • Over the past three decades, the use of calixarenes as macrocyclic hosts in supramolecular chemistry has gained an increasing relevance, especially for the construction of molecular devices. (unisa.it)
  • Calixarene Assisted Rapid Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots (GQD) for Energy Related Applications and Beyond. (open.ac.uk)
  • IUPAC definition Calixarene: Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or 'calix') shaped conformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The contributions of calixarene size/conformation to protein recognition and assembly are discussed. (rcsb.org)
  • Four amphiphilic calixarenes were used. (uhu.es)
  • For example, amphiphilic and pseudo-amphiphilic calixarenes may be synthesized by selective functionalization at either face of the skeleton and a second functionality may then be introduced at the opposite face. (usf.edu)
  • This view is supported by numerous structural studies (many pre-dating the work described in her 2006 paper) involving Cs + and Rb + cations bound within a calixarene cavity, in all of which some species in addition to the calixarene p surface associates with the cation on the exposed side. (chemistryworld.com)
  • Furthermore, the ready accessibility of the calixarene cation radical will allow the exploration of its use for developing efficient sensing devices for nitric oxide based on the accompanied color changes. (figshare.com)
  • Numerous earlier crystallographic studies had unambiguously indicated the binding of alkali metal cations in calixarene cavities. (chemistryworld.com)
  • A substituent in the meso position Rb is added to the name with a prefix C- as in C-methylcalix[6]arene The word calixarene is derived from the Greek calix or chalice because this type of molecule resembles a vase (or cup) and from the word arene that refers to the aromatic building block. (wikipedia.org)
  • He introduced the name "calixarene": from "calix", the Greek name for a chalice, and "arene" for the presence of aryl groups in the cyclic array. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among the calixarenes considered, our calculations have shown that calix[5]arene is so far the most viable macrocycle to hold the di-iron site. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Calixarenes represent excellent building blocks for the design of solid-state architectures, in particular calix-4-arenes crystallize easily and the introduction of a wide range of director functions is relatively simple. (usf.edu)
  • Synthetic macrocycles such as calixarenes and cucurbiturils are increasingly applied as mediators of protein assembly and crystallization. (rcsb.org)
  • The formation of calixarene-based liposomes was investigated, and the characterization of these nanostructures was carried out using several techniques. (uhu.es)
  • Projects span topics such as structural calixarene chemistry, alpha-olefin polymerization catalysis, new catalysts for biodegradable polymers via ring opening polymerization (ROP) and metal-based imaging/anti-cancer agents. (hull.ac.uk)
  • Interesting structures and properties as well as perspectives of practical use motivated intensive studies of various calixarene complexes in recent years. (science24.com)
  • A combination of complementary cluster ligands results in the formation of a new calixarene-supported ferromagnetic [Mn-5] cage that displays the characteristic bonding modes of each support. (hw.ac.uk)
  • An investigation into the functionalization of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) with calixarenes and their potential applications. (sun.ac.za)
  • Finally, it is suggested that the conserved binding site for anionic calixarenes implicates this region of PAF in membrane binding, which is a prerequisite for antifungal activity. (rcsb.org)
  • The Calixarene platform and carboxylic groups help to stabilize native membrane proteins and the alkyl chain serves to extract native membrane proteins at the same time. (calixar.com)
  • We model a modified active site of Fe-only hydrogenases deposited on a variety of calixarenes for solid-state support by density functional calculations. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Different relative concentrations of the host (calixarene receptor) and the guest (PAHs) were attempted in order to optimize detection of the pollutant. (pucv.cl)
  • CALIXAR's CALX8 reagent is a calixarene based detergent/surfactant with three polar carboxylic groups and a octyl chain. (calixar.com)
  • A dozen of Carls reviews on calixarenes and/or catalysis have been published in recent years. (hull.ac.uk)
  • Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles stabilised by sulfonato-calixarene macrocycles are readily accessible by a rapid in situ co-precipitation, and exhibit ferro-fluidic and superparamagnetic behaviour. (edu.au)
  • This review article focuses on the supramolecular assemblies fabricated through host-guest interaction using macrocycles such as cyclodextrins, calixarenes and cucurbiturils as hosts. (researchgate.net)
  • We produce catalysts supported on calixarenes macrocycles. (novecal.com)
  • Calixarenes are sparingly soluble as parent compounds and have high melting points. (wikipedia.org)
  • A racemic mixture of the proline calixarenes gave a less stable hydrogel compared with hydrogels of the enantiopure compounds. (edu.au)
  • The calixarene based compounds object of this patent are non-viral vectors that work with an extremely high efficiency and negligible toxicity, delivering nucleic acids of variable lengths into the cells and into their nucleus. (knowledge-share.eu)
  • Critical Analysis of Association Constants between Calixarenes and Nitroaromatic Compounds Obtained by Fluorescence. (brighton.ac.uk)
  • A calixarene is a macrocycle or cyclic oligomer based on a methylene-linked phenols. (wikipedia.org)
  • Calixarenes exist in different chemical conformations because rotation around the methylene bridge is not difficult. (wikipedia.org)
  • in particular hydrogen bonds between proline moieties, and the inclusion of a proline group into the cavity of a neighbouring calixarene, leading to spiral-like structures. (edu.au)
  • The extraction performance of the calixarenes was significantly influenced by the cavity size of the extractants. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Single-crystal X-ray analysis further revealed that the host-guest interaction is based on binding of the terminal oxygen of NDMA to tungsten within the calixarene cavity. (nih.gov)
  • The present invention deals with calixarene based derivatives functionalized with units of arginine or guanidinylated amino acids. (knowledge-share.eu)
  • The extraction behavior of amino acid esters was investigated with a series of calixarene carboxylic acid derivatives. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 3. Inhibition of Yersinia protein tyrosine phosphatase by phosphonate derivatives of calixarenes. (nih.gov)
  • Protein-Calixarene Complexation: From Recognition to Assembly. (nih.gov)
  • CALIXAR's CALX8 reagent is an ionic calixarene based detergent/surfactant with three polar carboxylic groups and an octyl chain. (calixar.com)
  • CALIXAR's CALXCHOL reagent is a non-ionic Calixarene based detergent / surfactant with three carboxylic groups and a cholesterol group. (calixar.com)
  • With hydrophobic cavities that can hold smaller molecules or ions, calixarenes belong to the class of cavitands known in host-guest chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Calixarenes as second-sphere ligands for transition metal ions. (swan.ac.uk)
  • A small addition of alcohol enables the use of an aliphatic organic solvent in the calixarene extraction system. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The key interaction in the extraction was found to be the electrostatic interaction between the amino group of the amino acid and the oxygen atoms of the calixarene. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Nakashima, K, Oshima, T & Goto, M 2002, ' Extraction of amino acids by calixarenes in an aliphatic organic solvent ', Solvent Extraction Research and Development , vol. 9, pp. 69-79. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Acidic amino acid functionalised calixarenes were investigated as crystal growth modifiers. (edu.au)
  • Crystal structures at different protein-ligand ratios reveal varying degrees (up to 35 %) of protein surface coverage by the flexible calixarene and suggest a mechanism for oligomer disassembly. (nih.gov)
  • Overall, the data indicate calixarene-controlled protein assembly and disassembly without the requirement for a competitive inhibitor, and point to protein encapsulation by a flexible macrocycle. (nih.gov)
  • 1. Calixarene-based phosphinic acids as inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases. (nih.gov)
  • 1- Esra Maltaş Çağıl , Fatih Özcan, Şeref Ertül, Doku Mühendisliği için Elektrospin Kaplama ile Calixarene Tabanlı Protein İskelesi İmalatı, J. Nanosci. (selcuk.edu.tr)
  • CALIXAR's CALXGLUK is a calixarene detergent with three polar glucose groups and a heptyl chain that can be used to solubilize membrane protein as GPCR. (calixar.com)
  • The thermostability of the calixarene-electrolyte hydrogels tended to follow the Hofmeister series, where more stable hydrogels formed in the presence of anions towards the chaotropic end of the series. (edu.au)
  • This Calixarenes 50th Anniversary: would give an erscheint to electrical and s M-SO1 careers coding an wieder to Joyce's program and computer. (londorfcapital.com)