Calculi
Urinary Calculi
Ureteral Calculi
Kidney Calculi
Urinary Bladder Calculi
Dental Calculus
Lithotripsy
The destruction of a calculus of the kidney, ureter, bladder, or gallbladder by physical forces, including crushing with a lithotriptor through a catheter. Focused percutaneous ultrasound and focused hydraulic shock waves may be used without surgery. Lithotripsy does not include the dissolving of stones by acids or litholysis. Lithotripsy by laser is LITHOTRIPSY, LASER.
Salivary Duct Calculi
Nephrostomy, Percutaneous
Salivary Gland Calculi
Urolithiasis
Calcium Oxalate
Gallstones
Cholelithiasis
Urologic Surgical Procedures
Cystinuria
An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.
Calcium Phosphates
Colic
Ethylene Glycol
A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.
Postcholecystectomy Syndrome
Abdominal symptoms after removal of the GALLBLADDER. The common postoperative symptoms are often the same as those present before the operation, such as COLIC, bloating, NAUSEA, and VOMITING. There is pain on palpation of the right upper quadrant and sometimes JAUNDICE. The term is often used, inaccurately, to describe such postoperative symptoms not due to gallbladder removal.
Urology
Diverticulum
Hydronephrosis
Holmium
Apatites
Lithiasis
Cystic Duct
Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous
Cholangiography
Bile Duct Diseases
Oxalates
Oxalic Acid
Triazines
Kidney Calices
Recesses of the kidney pelvis which divides into two wide, cup-shaped major renal calices, with each major calix subdivided into 7 to 14 minor calices. Urine empties into a minor calix from collecting tubules, then passes through the major calix, renal pelvis, and ureter to enter the urinary bladder. (From Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 3d ed, p211)
Urine
Dental Prophylaxis
Treatment for the prevention of periodontal diseases or other dental diseases by the cleaning of the teeth in the dental office using the procedures of DENTAL SCALING and DENTAL POLISHING. The treatment may include plaque detection, removal of supra- and subgingival plaque and calculus, application of caries-preventing agents, checking of restorations and prostheses and correcting overhanging margins and proximal contours of restorations, and checking for signs of food impaction.
Urachus
Periodontal Index
Uric Acid
Persia
An ancient civilization, known as early as 2000 B.C. The Persian Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great (550-529 B.C.) and for 200 years, from 550 to 331 B.C., the Persians ruled the ancient world from India to Egypt. The territory west of India was called Persis by the Greeks who later called the entire empire Persia. In 331 B.C. the Persian wars against the Greeks ended disastrously under the counterattacks by Alexander the Great. The name Persia in modern times for the modern country was changed to Iran in 1935. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p546 & Asimov, Words on the Map, 1962, p176)
Dental Pellicle
Oral Hygiene Index
Endoscopes
Nephrocalcinosis
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde
Urethral Obstruction
Dental Plaque
Nigella sativa
Pedaliaceae
Potassium Citrate
Knowledge of Results (Psychology)
Tooth Discoloration
Anuria
Pharmaceutic Aids
Substances which are of little or no therapeutic value, but are necessary in the manufacture, compounding, storage, etc., of pharmaceutical preparations or drug dosage forms. They include SOLVENTS, diluting agents, and suspending agents, and emulsifying agents. Also, ANTIOXIDANTS; PRESERVATIVES, PHARMACEUTICAL; COLORING AGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; VEHICLES; EXCIPIENTS; OINTMENT BASES.
Gingival Pocket
Ultrasonography
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic
Lasers, Solid-State
Lasers which use a solid, as opposed to a liquid or gas, as the lasing medium. Common materials used are crystals, such as YAG (YTTRIUM aluminum garnet); alexandrite; and CORUNDUM, doped with a rare earth element such as a NEODYMIUM; ERBIUM; or HOLMIUM. The output is sometimes additionally modified by addition of non-linear optical materials such as potassium titanyl phosphate crystal, which for example is used with neodymium YAG lasers to convert the output light to the visible range.
Urinalysis
Spectrophotometry, Infrared
Root Planing
Pyelonephritis
Alcian Blue
Tomography, Spiral Computed
Computed tomography where there is continuous X-ray exposure to the patient while being transported in a spiral or helical pattern through the beam of irradiation. This provides improved three-dimensional contrast and spatial resolution compared to conventional computed tomography, where data is obtained and computed from individual sequential exposures.
Periodontal Diseases
Metabolic Diseases
Treatment Outcome
Calcium Carbonate
Dental Scaling
Urinary Tract Infections
Cholecystitis
Propantheline
Endoscopy
Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.
Crystallization
Gallbladder
Pancreatic Ducts
Gingival Hemorrhage
Sphincter of Oddi
Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance
Urinary Bladder
Common Bile Duct
Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic
Incision of Oddi's sphincter or Vater's ampulla performed by inserting a sphincterotome through an endoscope (DUODENOSCOPE) often following retrograde cholangiography (CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY, ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE). Endoscopic treatment by sphincterotomy is the preferred method of treatment for patients with retained or recurrent bile duct stones post-cholecystectomy, and for poor-surgical-risk patients that have the gallbladder still present.
Citric Acid
Retrospective Studies
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Magnesium
Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction
Retroperitoneal Space
Ureter
Radiography, Abdominal
Durapatite
Optical Fibers
Powder Diffraction
Sulfadiazine
Oral Hygiene
Postoperative Complications
Gallbladder Diseases
Kidney
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Paraplegia
Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.
Urinary Tract
Oral Health
Cystine
Ampulla of Vater
Silicon
Phosphorus
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
Periodontal Pocket
Prospective Studies
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Dacryolith formation around an eyelash retained in the lacrimal sac. (1/113)
A dacryolith was discovered in the lacrimal sac during a dacryocystorhinostomy for chronic dacryocystitis in which there was mucocele formation. Morphological examination confirmed the presence of an eyelash at the centre of the stone and electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of fungi (Candida sp.) in a matrix which was of markedly vairable morphology. The mechanism by which a hair enters the punctum and passes along the canaliculus may be attributed to the step-like pattern of ridges on the surface of a hair. The directional nature of these ridges dictates preferential movement towards the root end of the hair and prevents movements in the opposite direction. (+info)Long term follow up of patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic stones treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. (2/113)
BACKGROUND: There have been conflicting reports as to whether pancreatic ductal drainage achieved by endoscopy and lithotripsy improves the clinical outcome of patients with chronic pancreatitis. AIMS: To determine the clinical outcome in patients with chronic pancreatitis who received extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and were followed up for two to eight years. METHODS: Eighty patients with severe chronic pancreatitis and endoscopically unretrievable obstructive stones underwent ESWL with a piezoelectric lithotripter between 1989 and 1996. Clinical status, relief of symptoms, further endoscopic or surgical interventions, and mortality were defined. RESULTS: Forty three (54%) patients were treated successfully with ESWL. The only feature associated with treatment success was the presence of a single stone rather than multiple stones. Successfully treated patients tended to experience less pain, although this did not reach statistical significance. A slight increase in weight was noted in our patients; however, there was no notable improvement in anomalous stools and diabetes mellitus. Five patients died due to extrapancreatic reasons. No pancreatic carcinomas developed. CONCLUSIONS: ESWL associated with endoscopic drainage is a safe technique that is particularly successful in patients with a single stone. However, pancreatic drainage by endoscopy and ESWL has almost no effect on pain in chronic pancreatitis. Furthermore, endoscopic management and ESWL does not prevent or postpone the development of glandular insufficiency. (+info)Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: a rare familial inheritance with report of six cases in a family. Contribution of six new cases to the number of case reports in Turkey. (3/113)
Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a lung disease characterized by deposits of calcium within the alveoli. Our aim was to emphasize the familial character and the clinical features of the disease, and to draw attention to the increasing number of Turkish patients reported in the world. We detected 6 cases of PAM. Three cases had been diagnosed 4 years earlier, and 3 new cases were detected during the screening of the family members. All patients were male and the mean age was 11.5 ranging between 5 and 29 years. Five of the patients were cousins and the other one was their uncle. Radiographic studies showed a sand-like appearance in all patients. One case showed small subpleural bullae and bronchiectatic changes in both lower lobes in recent high-resolution CT scans, while his CT performed 4 years ago showed only sand-like appearance. The cases were diagnosed with the demonstration of microliths by bronchoalveolar lavage in 5 patients and transbronchial biopsy in 1. Recently reported cases from Turkey have constituted a considerable percentage among all cases in the world. In conclusion, (1) our patients constitute one of the largest series of cases reported in one family in the world. The disease seems to have familial and racial characteristics. The Turkish race has to be further investigated for genetic transmission. (2) Contrary to female predominance in previous reports, all 6 cases were male and 5 of them were below 12 years of age. (3) The disorder may show rapid progression in some cases probably due to the severity of the genetic disturbance. (+info)Histochemical studies of pancreatic calculi. (4/113)
Fourteen pancreatic calculi from the corresponding number of pancreatic lithiasis patients were examined mineralogically and histochemically. The following results were obtained. The main components of calculi were calcium carbonate in 13 of the 14 cases, and calcium phosphate in the remaining one. Calcium carbonate calculi were all so-called intraductal calculi, with acidic glycoprotein apparently enwrapping the component particles. Acidic glycoproteins acted to bridge calcium carbonate particles, as in the cases of gallstone and urinary stone. The calcium phosphate calculus had a histochemical feature of pathologic calcification with degenerated collagen fibrils as the matrix, suggesting the calcification of the fibrotic pancreatic parenchyma after pancreatitis. (+info)Urinary stones following renal transplantation. (5/113)
BACKGROUND: The formation of urinary tract stones following renal transplantation is a rare complication. The clinical features of stones after transplantation differ from those of non-transplant patients. Renal colic or pain is usually absent and rarely resembles acute rejection. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 849 consecutive kidney transplant patients in The Rogosin Institute/The Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York who were transplanted between 1980 and 1997 and had functioning grafts for more than 3 months, to determine the incidence of stone formation, composition, risk factors and patient outcome. RESULTS: At our center, urinary stones were diagnosed in 15 patients (1.8%) of 849 functioning renal grafts for 3 or more months. Of the 15 patients, 10 were males and 5 were females in their third and fourth decade. Eight patients received their transplant from living donors and 7 from cadaveric donors. The stones were first diagnosed between 3 and 109 months after transplantation (mean 17.8 months) and 5 patients had recurrent episodes. The stones were located in the bladder in 11 cases (73.3%), transplanted kidney in 3 cases and in multiple sites in one case. The size of stones varied from 3.4 mm to 40 mm (mean 12 mm). The composition of stones was a mixed form of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate in 5 cases and 4 patients had infected stones consisting of struvite or mixed form of struvite and calcium phosphate. Factors predisposing to stone formation included tertiary hyperparathyroidism (n = 8), hypercalciuria (n = 5), recurrent urinary tract infection (n = 5), hypocitraturia (n = 4), and obstructive uropathy (n = 2). Many cases had more than one risk factor. Clinically, painless hematuria was observed in 6 patients and dysuria without bacteriuria in 5 patients. None had renal colic or severe pain at any time. There were no changes in graft function at diagnosis and after removal of stones. Five patients passed stones spontaneously and 8 patients underwent cystoscopy for stone removal. CONCLUSION: Urinary stone formation following kidney transplantation is a rare complication (1.8%). Hyperparathyroidism, hypercalciuria, recurrent urinary tract infection and hypocitraturia are the most common risk factors, but often there are multiple factors which predispose to stone formation. To detect stones and determine their location and size, ultrasonography appears to be the most useful diagnostic tool. Prompt diagnosis, the removal of stones and stone-preventive measures can prevent adverse effects on renal graft outcome. (+info)Radiological changes in pica. (6/113)
The significance of pica and geophagia as a public health problem is well known. The objective radiographic diagnosis of geophagia depends on the abnormal opacification of the bowel as an immediate manifestitation of the condition. The chance of detectability of geophagia is highest in the colon and can be improved by using low penetration films, particularly for smaller amounts of ingested clay. Other radiologic changes frequently associated with the prolonged practice of geophagic are an atonic pattern of the colon, secondary radiographic changes due to iron-deficiency anemia and bone-age retardation. The occurrences of intestinal obstruction due to pica in the presence of preexisting bowel stricture is demonstrated. (+info)Genetic susceptibility to fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes in Bangladeshi subjects: a family study. (7/113)
Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) is an uncommon cause of diabetes, seen mainly in developing countries. A family-based study was carried out in 67 Bangladeshi families, consisting of a proband with FCPD and both parents, to determine whether an association exists between FCPD susceptibility and either the major histocompatiblity complex (MHC) or insulin gene (INS) loci. HLA-DQB1 typing was done using allele-specific primers, and INS was typed using the restriction enzyme HphI. Three microsatellites (TNFa, TNFc and TNFd), from within and flanking the TNF-LT locus, were used for MHC Class IV typing and a PCR-RFLP assay was used to define the -308G/A TNF promoter polymorphism. The extended transmission disequilibrium test (ETDT) was used for statistical analysis. An overall association was observed between FCPD and HLA-DQB1 (P = 0.003), that was largely due to a positive association with HLA-DQB1*0302 and a negative association with HLA-DQB1*0202. Although no association was found between FCPD and TNF-LT microsatellite markers a trend was observed for TNFc (P = 0.037, Pc = 0.15). No association was found between FCPD and INS (P = 0.26). This study confirms an association between FCPD and the MHC using a family-based study design and the stringent ETDT analysis; a novel protective association was found with HLA-DQB1*0202 in Bangladeshi FCPD subjects. The genetic susceptibility to FCPD has features both similar and dissimilar to T1DM. (+info)Positional down beating nystagmus in 50 patients: cerebellar disorders and possible anterior semicircular canalithiasis. (8/113)
OBJECTIVES: To clarify the clinical significance of positional down beat nystagmus (pDBN). METHODS: A discussion of the neuro-otological findings in 50 consecutive patients with pDBN. RESULTS: In 38 patients there was evidence of CNS disease (central group) but in 12 there was not (idiopathic group). In the CNS group, presenting symptoms were gait, speech, and autonomic dysfunction whereas in the idiopathic group patients mostly reported positional vertigo. The main neurological and oculomotor signs in the CNS group were explained by cerebellar dysfunction, including 13 patients with multiple system atrophy. In patients with multiple system atrophy with a prominent extrapyramidal component, the presence of pDBN was helpful in the differential diagnosis of atypical parkinsonism. No patient with pDBN had the Arnold-Chiari malformation, a common cause of constant down beat nystagmus (DBN). In the idiopathic group, the pDBN had characteristics which suggested a peripheral labyrinthine disorder: vertigo, adaptation, and habituation. In six patients an additional torsional component was found (concurrently with the pDBN in three). Features unusual for peripheral disorder were: bilateral positive Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre in nine of 12 patients and selective provocation by the straight head-hanging manoeuvre in two. CONCLUSION: It is argued that some patients with idiopathic pDBN have benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) with lithiasis of the anterior canal. The torsional component may be weak, because of the predominantly sagittal orientation of the anterior canal, and may not be readily seen clinically. Nystagmus provocation by bilateral Dix-Hallpike and straight head-hanging may be explained by the vertical upwards orientation of the ampullary segment of the anterior canal in the normal upright head position. Such orientation makes right-left specificity with the Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre less important than for posterior canal BPPV. This orientation requires a further downwards movement of the head, often achieved with the straight head-hanging position, to provoke migration of the canaliths. The straight head-hanging manoeuvre should be carried out in all patients with a history of positional vertigo and a negative Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre. (+info)
Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes and obesity<...
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Reduction (mathematics)
Calculus[edit]. In calculus, reduction refers to using the technique of integration by parts to evaluate a whole class of ...
Ibn al-Haytham
Calculus[edit]. Alhazen discovered the sum formula for the fourth power, using a method that could be generally used to ... Katz, Victor J. (1995). "Ideas of Calculus in Islam and India". Mathematics Magazine. 68 (3): 163-174. doi:10.2307/2691411. ... Katz, Victor J. (1995), "Ideas of Calculus in Islam and India", Mathematics Magazine, 68 (3): 163-174, doi:10.2307/2691411, ... harmonious fusion of algebra and geometry that was epitomised by Descartes in geometric analysis and by Newton in the calculus ...
User:Czech is Cyrillized/EulerNum
Calculus[edit]. As in the motivation, the exponential function ex is important in part because it is the unique nontrivial ... In each case, one arrives at a convenient choice of base for doing calculus. In fact, these two solutions for a are actually ... Consequently, the exponential function with base e is particularly suited to doing calculus. Choosing e, as opposed to some ... Kline, M. (1998) Calculus: An intuitive and physical approach, section 12.3 "The Derived Functions of Logarithmic Functions.", ...
Causality
The theory of "causal calculus"[34] (also known as do-calculus, Judea Pearl's Causal Calculus, Calculus of Actions) permits one ... Causal calculus[edit]. When experimental interventions are infeasible or illegal, the derivation of cause effect relationship ... While derivations in causal calculus rely on the structure of the causal graph, parts of the causal structure can, under ...
Combinatory logic
Summary of lambda calculus[edit]. Main article: Lambda calculus. Lambda calculus is concerned with objects called lambda-terms ... The distinction corresponds to that between the λK and the λI calculus. Unlike the λK calculus, the λI calculus restricts ... As a consequence, combinator K is not present in the λI calculus nor in the CLI calculus. The constants of CLI are: I, B, C and ... CLK versus CLI calculus[edit]. A distinction must be made between the CLK as described in this article and the CLI calculus. ...
Sine
"Why the sine has a simple derivative Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine.", in Historical Notes for Calculus Teachers ... Calculus[edit]. See also: List of integrals of trigonometric functions and Differentiation of trigonometric functions ...
Causality
Causal calculus[edit]. When experimental interventions are infeasible or illegal, the derivation of cause effect relationship ... The theory of "causal calculus"[27] permits one to infer interventional probabilities from conditional probabilities in causal ... While derivations in causal calculus rely on the structure of the causal graph, parts of the causal structure can, under ...
Contraposition
Probability calculus[edit]. Contraposition represents an instance of Bayes' theorem which in a specific form can be expressed ...
Three-dimensional space
In calculus[edit]. Main article: vector calculus. Gradient, divergence and curl[edit]. In a rectangular coordinate system, the ... Hughes-Hallett, Deborah; McCallum, William G.; Gleason, Andrew M. (2013). Calculus : Single and Multivariable (6 ed.). John ...
Esoteric programming language
Binary lambda calculus[edit]. Binary lambda calculus is designed from an algorithmic information theory perspective to allow ... Grass has the formal specification which is based on untyped lambda calculus and the SECD machine.[10] ...
Mathematical optimization
Calculus of optimization[edit]. Main article: Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. See also: Critical point (mathematics), ... Calculus of variations seeks to optimize an action integral over some space to an extremum by varying a function of the ... Fermat and Lagrange found calculus-based formulae for identifying optima, while Newton and Gauss proposed iterative methods for ... Optimal control theory is a generalization of the calculus of variations which introduces control policies. ...
Buffon's needle problem
Using elementary calculus[edit]. The following solution for the "short needle" case, while equivalent to the one above, has a ...
Series (mathematics)
Calculus and partial summation as an operation on sequences[edit]. Partial summation takes as input a sequence, (an), and gives ... When calculus was put on a sound and correct foundation in the nineteenth century, rigorous proofs of the convergence of series ... Swokowski, Earl W. (1983), Calculus with analytic geometry (Alternate ed.), Boston: Prindle, Weber & Schmidt, ISBN 978-0-87150- ... This includes the common cases from calculus in which the group is the field of real numbers or the field of complex numbers. ...
C++11
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Tooth whitening
The color of calculus varies, and may be grey, yellow, black, or brown.[9] The colour of calculus depends on how long it has ... Calculus: neglected plaque will eventually calcify, and lead to the formation of a hard deposit on the teeth, especially around ... The dark brown to black stains along the gum line of the teeth are the result of the porous nature of calculus immediately ... Zander, Helmut A.; Hazen, Stanley P.; Scott, David B. (1960-02-01). "Mineralization of Dental Calculus". Proceedings of the ...
Riemann integral
In multivariable calculus, the Riemann integrals for functions from R. n. →. R. {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}\to \mathbb {R ... Some calculus books do not use general tagged partitions, but limit themselves to specific types of tagged partitions. If the ... "An Open Letter to Authors of Calculus Books". Retrieved 27 February 2014.. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}. ... the Riemann integral can be evaluated by the fundamental theorem of calculus or approximated by numerical integration. ...
Taylor's theorem
The fundamental theorem of calculus states that f. (. x. ). =. f. (. a. ). +. ∫. a. x. f. ′. (. t. ). d. t. .. {\displaystyle f ... In calculus, Taylor's theorem gives an approximation of a k-times differentiable function around a given point by a polynomial ... Kline, Morris (1998), Calculus: An Intuitive and Physical Approach, Dover, ISBN 0-486-40453-6. . ... Spivak, Michael (1994), Calculus (3rd ed.), Houston, TX: Publish or Perish, p. 383, ISBN 978-0-914098-89-8. ...
Mathematics
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Kidney stone disease
Renal calculus is from the Latin rēnēs meaning "kidneys," and calculus meaning "pebble". Lithiasis (stone formation) in the ... McNutt, WF (1893). "Chapter VII: Vesical Calculi (Cysto-lithiasis)". Diseases of the Kidneys and Bladder: A Text-book for ... Calyceal calculi are aggregations in either the minor or major calyx, parts of the kidney that pass urine into the ureter (the ... 2007). "2007 Guideline for the management of ureteral calculi". The Journal of Urology. 178 (6): 2418-34. doi:10.1016/j.juro. ...
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Extreme value theorem
In calculus, the extreme value theorem states that if a real-valued function f is continuous on the closed interval [a,b], then ... In the setting of non-standard calculus, let N be an infinite hyperinteger. The interval [0, 1] has a natural hyperreal ... Keisler, H. Jerome (1986). Elementary calculus. An infinitesimal approach. Boston, Massachusetts: Prindle, Weber & Schmidt. ...
2005
April 8 - The first solar eclipse of the year was a rare hybrid event, occurring at ascending node in Aries. This was 4.4 days after the Moon reached perigee. Gamma had a value of -0.34733. A hybrid solar eclipse was visible from south Pacific, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela, and was the 51st solar eclipse of Solar Saros 129 ...
Nonstandard analysis
Applications to calculusEdit. As an application to mathematical education, H. Jerome Keisler wrote Elementary Calculus: An ... a b H. Jerome Keisler, Elementary Calculus: An Infinitesimal Approach. First edition 1976; 2nd edition 1986: full text of 2nd ... Stroyan, K. A Brief Introduction to Infinitesimal Calculus. *Gordon E., Kusraev A., and Kutateladze S.. Infinitesimal Analysis ... Crowell, Calculus. A text using infinitesimals.. *Robert Goldblatt (1998) Lectures on the Hyperreals. An introduction to ...
Four-vector
... calculusEdit. Derivatives and differentialsEdit. In special relativity (but not general relativity), the derivative ...
Volume
... in calculusEdit. Further information: Volume element. In calculus, a branch of mathematics, the volume of a region D in ... However, using calculus, the volume of a cone is the integral of an infinite number of infinitesimally thin circular disks of ... Volumes of complicated shapes can be calculated with integral calculus if a formula exists for the shape's boundary. One- ...
Multiplicative inverse
CalculusEdit. In real calculus, the derivative of 1/x = x−1 is given by the power rule with the power −1:. d. d. x. x. −. 1. = ...
Oral hygiene
CalculusEdit. The longer that plaque stays on the tooth surface, the harder and more attached to the tooth it becomes. That is ... when it is referred to as calculus and needs to be removed by a dental professional.[1] If this is not treated, the ...
Area
... s determined using calculusEdit. The development of integral calculus in the late 17th century provided tools that could ... Area in calculusEdit. Integration can be thought of as measuring the area under a curve, defined by f(x), between two points ( ... Boyer, Carl B. (1959). A History of the Calculus and Its Conceptual Development. Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-60509-8. .. ... Joshi, K. D. (2002), Calculus for Scientists and Engineers: An Analytical Approach, CRC Press, p. 43, ISBN 978-0-8493-1319-6. ...
Delta (letter)
A Functional derivative in Functional calculus. *An auxiliary function in calculus, used to rigorously define the limit or ... Clarence H. Richardson (1954). An Introduction to the Calculus of Finite Differences. Van Nostrand. Chapter 1, pp. 1-3.. online ... Michael Comenetz (2002). Calculus: The Elements. World Scientific. pp. 73-74. ISBN 978-981-02-4904-5. .. ... A change in the value of a variable in calculus. * ...
El Paso Community College Calculus Courses
Find information about El Paso Community College calculus courses, registering in a technical degree program, and taking free ... El Paso Community College calculus courses. Get Course Information.. Find schools and get information on the program thats ... This website is not affiliated with El Paso Community College calculus courses, and all trademarks are exclusive property of ... Taking calculus courses, for example, can give you an advantage in job recruiting in fields that require advanced math skills. ...
Lambda calculus - Wikipedia
Typed lambda calculus[edit]. Main article: Typed lambda calculus. A typed lambda calculus is a typed formalism that uses the ... Typed lambda calculus - Lambda calculus with typed variables (and functions). *System F - A typed lambda calculus with type- ... In the lambda calculus, Y g. is a fixed-point of g. , as it expands to: Y g. (λh.(λx.h (x x)) (λx.h (x x))) g. (λx.g (x x)) (λx ... SKI combinator calculus - A computational system based on the S, K and I combinators, equivalent to lambda calculus, but ...
Calculus - Wikipedia
Calculus on In Our Time at the BBC. *Calculus.org: The Calculus page at University of California, Davis - contains resources ... Ricci calculus, calculus of variations, lambda calculus, and process calculus. ... Calculus, originally called infinitesimal calculus or "the calculus of infinitesimals", is the mathematical study of continuous ... ISBN 978-0-312-18548-0 Calculus Made Easy.. *Mathematical Association of America. (1988). Calculus for a New Century; A Pump, ...
Local Soundness for QBF Calculi
We develop new semantics for resolution-based calculi for Quantified Boolean Formulas, covering both the CDCL-derived calculi ... Local Soundness for QBF Calculi. EasyChair Preprint no. 362. 20 pages•Date: July 20, 2018. Martin Suda and Bernhard Gleiss ... Furthermore, we show that a clause of any of these calculi can be, in the spirit of Curry-Howard correspondence, interpreted as ... Keyphrases: IRM-calc, long-distance resolution, partial strategy, QBF calculi, semantics, strategies, winning strategy ...
Ureteric Calculi Research
Ureteric calculi are stones in the ureters, which are the narrow muscular tubes that are responsible for the drainage of urine ... Ureteric calculi are stones in the ureters, which are the narrow muscular tubes that are responsible for the drainage of urine ... They concluded that NECT can be used with a high degree of accuracy to predict the spontaneous passage of ureteric calculi, and ... The safer laparoscopic approach to managing proximal ureteric calculi. A group of researchers conducted an investigation into ...
Pre Calculus - Mrs. Christensen's Class
Differential calculus | mathematics | Britannica
Differential calculus, Branch of mathematical analysis, devised by Isaac Newton and G.W. Leibniz, and concerned with the ... differential calculus of Pierre de Fermat and René Descartes and the full calculus of Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm ... Differential calculus, Branch of mathematical analysis, devised by Isaac Newton and G.W. Leibniz, and concerned with the ... The differential calculus, which was invented by Isaac Newton for this specific purpose, provides means for determining exact ...
4R2012 Calculus Unit5 AntiDerivatives!
Whitman Calculus
... According to Student PIRGS, this is "am introductory level single variable calculus book, covering standard ... You just viewed Whitman Calculus. Please take a moment to rate this material. ... topics in differential and integral calculus, and infinite series." The book also includes multivariable calculus, though there ...
Calculus Path - Walled Lake Schools Mathematics
Calculus Path Pre-Calculus 12. AP Statistics. Pre-Calculus. Probability, Statistics, & Trigonometry. Integrated Advanced Math ... AP Calculus AB. or. AP Calculus BC. or. IB Math SL/HL2 ... Calculus Path Math Courses. 8. 8th Grade Math-Course 3. 8th ... In order to take college-level Calculus in high school, students must begin Pre-Calculus no later than their junior year. ... Calculus Path As a result of a change to the state of Michigan mathematics standards in grades K -eight, each grade level ...
'Adderall does not teach you...
Adderall does not teach you calculus. Earlier this week, Sen. Charles Schumer, D-N.Y., said he wants colleges to crack down on ... Adderall does not teach you calculus. David Schick, USA TODAY Collegiate Correspondent Published 4:29 p.m. ET June 20, 2013 ... Where steroids can actually help you hit the ball farther, Adderall does not teach you calculus." ...
Calculi in the Appendix Vermiformis Cæci | The BMJ
Wolfram-Alpha-for-Calculus-Students
Calculus for Life Sciences [Book]
The two main goals of the text are to ... - Selection from Calculus for Life Sciences [Book] ... the authors present the basic canons of first-year calculus, but motivated through real biological problems. ... The two main goals of the text are to provide students with a thorough grounding in calculus concepts and applications, ... In this much anticipated first edition, the authors present the basic canons of first-year calculus, but motivated through real ...
'COVID Calculus' Is Changing...
COVID calculus is about balancing risk and benefit in the whole hospital system, and its getting worse as the epidemic ... But COVID calculus may change this. The risk of aerosolizing virus during CPR is high, and a lot of people need to be in the ... One thing COVID calculus eliminates is low-value care, and were quickly learning what that is. When this is all over, will I ... More than anything else, the thing that has struck me is something Im calling "COVID calculus." Its this change in how we ...
MAA to Probe Calculus I
Programs in College Calculus, that will investigate the instruction of mainstream Calculus I courses with the following goals: ... in calculus compared with the percentage that have that intention at the end of Calculus I. ... The immediate goal of the Phase I study is the construction of an epidemiological model of success in Calculus I. That is to ... Phase I will entail a large-scale web-based survey to identify factors that are correlated with success in Calculus I. Phase II ...
Calculus (i) | SpringerLink
Calculus: Early Transcendentals
... , originally by D. Guichard, has been redesigned by the Lyryx ... Calculus: Early Transcendentals is categorized in the following disciplines: * Mathematics and Statistics/Mathematics/Calculus/ ... open text, Lyryx, mathematics, open source text, online assessment, open, calculus Disciplines:. * Mathematics and Statistics ... Calculus: Early Transcendentals, originally by D. Guichard, has been redesigned by the Lyryx editorial team. Substantial ...
MA259 Multivariable Calculus
calculus - 9780495011668 - Alibris
2011 Calculus BC Free Response #6c - YouTube
AP Calculus AB/BC: Derivatives Lesson 11: Rolles Theorem and the Mean Value Theorem - Duration: 7:08. APexamiNED 989 views ... 2004B AP Calculus BC FRQ #2: Taylor Series - Duration: 12:06. Worldwide Center of Mathematics 5,438 views ... 2011 Calculus BC Free Response #1 (b & c) - Duration: 7:39. Khan Academy 11,315 views ... AP Calculus BC Exams: 2008 1 d - Duration: 5:22. Khan Academy 22,117 views ...
Calculus
This course provides the calculus content oriented toward applications in computer and communication networks courses. The ... The course exposes students to the fundamental concepts of differential calculus and integral calculus. Coursework emphasizes ... This course provides the calculus content oriented toward applications in computer and communication networks courses. ...
Cysteine Calculi
Vector calculus (eBook, 1998) [WorldCat.org]
Vector calculus. [Bill Cox] -- Building on previous texts in the Modular Mathematics series, in particular Vectors in Two or ... Three Dimensions and Calculus and ODEs, this book introduces the student to the concept of vector ... ... Calculus and ODEs, this book introduces the student to the concept of vector calculus. It provides an overview of some of the ... Vector calculus.. Burlington, MA : Elsevier, 1998. (DLC) 00456322. (OCoLC)40262963. Material Type:. Document, Internet resource ...
Re: A calculus of personal identity
This physics of the ding an sich Id actually call ENTROPY , CALCULUS, a , calculus which naturally bestows upon a suitably ... Re: A calculus of personal identity Bruno Marchal Sat, 24 Jun 2006 06:12:42 -0700 ... entropy calculus! No other mathematics ever gets instantated, except as , cognitive artefacts - abstractions - by the scientist ...
A calculus of value broadcasts | SpringerLink
A calculus of broadcasting systems. In TAPSOFT91 Volume 1: CAAP, April 1991. Springer Verlag LNCS 493.Google Scholar ... Examples show the calculus describing this model to be a powerful and natural programming tool. Weak bisimulation, a candidate ... Prasad K.V.S. (1993) A calculus of value broadcasts. In: Bode A., Reeve M., Wolf G. (eds) PARLE 93 Parallel Architectures and ... Broadcast parallel computation distributed computing process calculi CCS communicating processes bisimulation observational ...
Mu-Calculus Model-Checking
In this case study we define a model-checker for the Mu-Calculus in ACL2 and show how to translate CTL into the Mu-Calculus. In ... Many temporal logics, e.g., CTL, LTL, and CTL* can be translated into the Mu-Calculus. In addition, the algorithm that decides ... Mu-Calculus Model-Checking. Panagiotis Manolios.. Computer-Aided Reasoning: ACL2 Case Studies, pages 93-111. Kluwer Academic ... the Mu-Calculus is used for symbolic (BDD-based) model-checking, a technique that has greatly extended the applicability of ...
Calculus II - Application Center
RhymeZone: functional calculus definitions
Calculus III | Penn Summer
2020 SAS summer courses will take place remotely. For undergraduates, please check Penn InTouch for updated summer course information. For graduate and professional students, please consult your schools and programs. Summer study abroad remains cancelled.. The College of Liberal and Professional Studies staff is working remotely to comply with University protocols as we navigate the COVID-19 virus. Penn is committed to maintaining a safe campus and workplace for faculty, students, staff, and visitors. While we are not onsite, we are still available Monday through Friday from 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. by phone and online in case you need support: (215) 898-7326 or [email protected] Visit coronavirus.upenn.edu, the Universitys dedicated coronavirus COVID-19 web page, for the latest updates.. ...
Multivariable calculusPropositional calculusLambdaMoral CalculusGottfried WilhelmDerivativesTheorems2018Single variable calculusEarly TranscendentalsInfinitesimalRobin MilnerAbsolute differenIntegralDerivativeAlgebraUreteric calculiProcess calculusLimitsRenal calculiFoundationsFormal17th-centuryDifferentialisSageMathAntiDerivativesFunctionsTrigonometryUrinaryIntegralisConceptsBranchSymbolicChemistryProximalCoursesStudentsRigorousAlgebraicApplicationsTheoremProcessesBookGraphsMathematical toolsFormulasTheoretical
Multivariable calculus1
- The book also includes multivariable calculus, though there is a single variable version. (merlot.org)
Propositional calculus2
- It is therefore used for naming specific methods of calculation and related theories, such as propositional calculus , Ricci calculus , calculus of variations , lambda calculus , and process calculus . (wikipedia.org)
- The following outlines a standard propositional calculus. (planetmath.org)
Lambda25
- Lambda calculus (also written as λ-calculus ) is a formal system in mathematical logic for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding and substitution . (wikipedia.org)
- Lambda calculus consists of constructing lambda terms and performing reduction operations on them. (wikipedia.org)
- Lambda calculus is Turing complete , that is, it is a universal model of computation that can be used to simulate any Turing machine . (wikipedia.org)
- Lambda calculus may be untyped or typed . (wikipedia.org)
- In typed lambda calculus, functions can be applied only if they are capable of accepting the given input's "type" of data. (wikipedia.org)
- in the simply typed lambda calculus it is, for example, a theorem that every evaluation strategy terminates for every simply typed lambda-term, whereas evaluation of untyped lambda-terms need not terminate. (wikipedia.org)
- One reason there are many different typed lambda calculi has been the desire to do more (of what the untyped calculus can do) without giving up on being able to prove strong theorems about the calculus. (wikipedia.org)
- [5] Lambda calculus has played an important role in the development of the theory of programming languages . (wikipedia.org)
- Functional programming languages implement the lambda calculus. (wikipedia.org)
- Lambda calculus is also a current research topic in Category theory . (wikipedia.org)
- The lambda calculus was introduced by mathematician Alonzo Church in the 1930s as part of an investigation into the foundations of mathematics . (wikipedia.org)
- Subsequently, in 1936 Church isolated and published just the portion relevant to computation, what is now called the untyped lambda calculus. (wikipedia.org)
- [11] In 1940, he also introduced a computationally weaker, but logically consistent system, known as the simply typed lambda calculus . (wikipedia.org)
- Until the 1960s when its relation to programming languages was clarified, the lambda calculus was only a formalism. (wikipedia.org)
- Thanks to Richard Montague and other linguists' applications in the semantics of natural language, the lambda calculus has begun to enjoy a respectable place in both linguistics [13] and computer science. (wikipedia.org)
- There is a bit of controversy over the reason for Church's use of the Greek letter lambda (λ) as the notation for function-abstraction in the lambda calculus, perhaps in part due to conflicting explanations by Church himself. (wikipedia.org)
- In pure lambda calculus , there are no constants . (planetmath.org)
- This question is a bit off topic, but I hope it is of sufficient interest [because of lambda calculus] to this group anyway. (upenn.edu)
- My favorites would be lambda calculus, RAM's, and imperative language models (e.g., the LOOP language). (upenn.edu)
- Occasionally, a book will cover the RAM model as a side-light, but I have been unable to find a book, for example, that covers lambda calculus. (upenn.edu)
- Though of course the lambda calculus was contemporaneous - or even earlier than - Turing machines. (upenn.edu)
- It covers the basic theory of pi-calculus, typed pi-calculi, higher-order processes, the relationship between pi-calculus and lambda-calculus, and applications of pi-calculus to object-oriented design and programming. (upenn.edu)
- We present the notion of recognizability in the simply typed lambda-calculus by showing the equivalence between intersection types and finite standard models. (labri.fr)
- We then show this notion of recognizability does not coincide with locally finite congruences of the lambda-calculus. (labri.fr)
- The Simple Yuser-friendly Lambda Visualization Interaction Application (SYLVIA) is a unique way to manipulate untyped lambda calculus expressions, by representing them as boxes connected by wires. (haskell.org)
Moral Calculus1
- So now let's consider the moral calculus surrounding Medicaid expansion from the perspective of taxpayers and society in general. (forbes.com)
Gottfried Wilhelm2
- Infinitesimal calculus was developed independently in the late 17th century by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz . (wikipedia.org)
- Modern calculus was developed in 17th-century Europe by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (independently of each other, first publishing around the same time) but elements of it appeared in ancient Greece, then in China and the Middle East, and still later again in medieval Europe and in India. (wikipedia.org)
Derivatives5
- The coverage is up through vector calculus, partial derivatives and multiple integrals. (maa.org)
- Calculus II continues to develop the basic ideas introduced in Calculus I: limits, derivatives, and integrals. (hsc.edu)
- Calculus I is the study of limits, rates of change of a function, derivative of algebraic and trigonometric functions, applications of derivatives, integration and applications of the definite integral. (bucks.edu)
- Nobody actually explained that we were learning calculus at the time, but by the time I was being taught derivatives, I already had a really intuitive notion of how and why this stuff all worked. (metafilter.com)
- There are higher derivatives in vector calculus as well. (everything2.com)
Theorems1
- The Anton book is a traditional calculus book with formal theorems and explanations of the theoretical background of how calculus works. (maa.org)
20181
- Starting in Fall, 2018, we will restructure our calculus sequence from the current sequence of four three-credit courses to the new sequence of three four-credit courses to better align with other schools in Virginia, including the Virginia Community College System. (radford.edu)
Single variable calculus1
- According to Student PIRGS, this is "am introductory level single variable calculus book, covering standard topics in differential and integral calculus, and infinite series. (merlot.org)
Early Transcendentals3
- Calculus: Early Transcendentals , originally by D. Guichard, has been redesigned by the Lyryx editorial team. (merlot.org)
- You just viewed Calculus: Early Transcendentals . (merlot.org)
- Calculus: Early Transcendentals , 8th Edition, by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens and Stephen Davis. (maa.org)
Infinitesimal3
- Calculus , originally called infinitesimal calculus or "the calculus of infinitesimals ", is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations . (wikipedia.org)
- Calculus uses methods originally based on the summation of infinitesimal differences. (wikiversity.org)
- This is entirely analogous to ordinary function calculus, where the infinitesimal change in the value of a function is df/dx * dx, and the total change over an interval is ∫ df/dx * dx = ΔF. (everything2.com)
Robin Milner2
- The calculus of communicating systems (CCS) is a process calculus introduced by Robin Milner around 1980 and the title of a book describing the calculus. (wikipedia.org)
- The pi-calculus, developed by Robin Milner, Joachim Parrow, and David Walker in the late 80's extends CCS with mobility of communication links, by allowing processes to communicate the names of communication channels themselves. (wikipedia.org)
Absolute differen1
- Fundamental introduction for beginning student of absolute differential calculus and for those interested in applications of tensor calculus to mathematical physics and engineering. (google.com)
Integral13
- the former concerns instantaneous rates of change, and the slopes of curves, while integral calculus concerns accumulation of quantities, and areas under or between curves. (wikipedia.org)
- The ancient period introduced some of the ideas that led to integral calculus, but does not seem to have developed these ideas in a rigorous and systematic way. (wikipedia.org)
- From the age of Greek mathematics , Eudoxus ( c. 408-355 BC) used the method of exhaustion , which foreshadows the concept of the limit, to calculate areas and volumes, while Archimedes ( c. 287-212 BC) developed this idea further , inventing heuristics which resemble the methods of integral calculus. (wikipedia.org)
- It was on the subject of integral calculus and contained many of Euler's discoveries about differential equations. (wikipedia.org)
- The course exposes students to the fundamental concepts of differential calculus and integral calculus. (centennialcollege.ca)
- 6. Integral Calculus. (doverpublications.com)
- The remainder of the Sullivan book, 320 pages, provides an overview of differential and integral calculus up through partial differentiation. (maa.org)
- The Himonas book is also an overview of differential and integral calculus, with very little in the way of theory. (maa.org)
- It is one of the two traditional divisions of calculus, the other being integral calculus-the study of the area beneath a curve. (dbpedia.org)
- Differential calculus and integral calculus are connected by the fundamental theorem of calculus, which states that differentiation is the reverse process to integration. (dbpedia.org)
- One could use these "indivisibles," he said, to calculate length, area and volume-an important step on the way to modern integral calculus. (scientificamerican.com)
- Editors' note: Countless students learn integral calculus-the branch of mathematics concerned with finding the length, area or volume of an object by slicing it into small pieces and adding them up. (scientificamerican.com)
- His "method of indivisibles" became a forerunner of integral calculus-but not before surviving attacks from Swiss mathematician Paul Guldin, ostensibly for empirical reasons. (scientificamerican.com)
Derivative1
- The main operational difference between function calculus and vector calculus is that the standard derivative d/dx is replaced with the differential operator ∇, pronounced ' del ' or in the olden days' nabla . (everything2.com)
Algebra2
- Anybody who has taken Algebra 1 and has ever ridden in a car or pushed a toy train down a track can understand the basic concepts behind calculus. (metafilter.com)
- Obviously, a deep understanding of vector calculus requires a knowledge of the basics of vector algebra . (everything2.com)
Ureteric calculi5
- Ureteric calculi are stones in the ureters, which are the narrow muscular tubes that are responsible for the drainage of urine from the kidneys to the bladder. (news-medical.net)
- Stone size can predict the spontaneous passage of ureteric calculi. (news-medical.net)
- Also implicated in the etiopathogenesis of ureteric calculi are heredity, diet, anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract and chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs). (news-medical.net)
- Hormonal imbalances and metabolic derangements, as well as hot/ dry climates, are also linked to ureteric calculi. (news-medical.net)
- They concluded that NECT can be used with a high degree of accuracy to predict the spontaneous passage of ureteric calculi, and that size combined with location of the stone are the most important parameters in this prediction. (news-medical.net)
Process calculus1
- Simulation and Verification in a Process Calculus for Spatially-Explicit Ecological Models. (wikipedia.org)
Limits1
- In mathematics education , calculus denotes courses of elementary mathematical analysis , which are mainly devoted to the study of functions and limits. (wikipedia.org)
Renal calculi2
- Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a well-accepted procedure for uncomplicated renal calculi. (urotoday.com)
- Total tubeless PCNL was planned in 40 easily accessible patients with uncomplicated renal calculi, with single infracostal punctures, normal intraoperative events, and acceptable postoperative parameters (visual analogue pain score, parenteral analgesic requirement, bleeding, urinary soakage, hemodynamic stability), allowing an early discharge within 24 hours. (urotoday.com)
Foundations3
- Institutiones calculi differentialis (Foundations of differential calculus) is a mathematical work written in 1748 by Leonhard Euler and published in 1755 that lays the groundwork for the differential calculus. (wikipedia.org)
- Foundations of Differential Calculus. (wikipedia.org)
- Now with a new preface by the author, this book documents the evolution of calculus from a powerful but logically chaotic subject into one whose foundations are thorough, rigorous, and unflinching-a story of genius triumphing over some of the toughest, subtlest problems imaginable. (princeton.edu)
Formal6
- As a general consideration, a calculus is a formal system that consists of a set of syntactic expressions, a distinguished subset of these expressions, plus a set of transformation rules that define a binary relation on the space of expressions. (planetmath.org)
- Although it is possible to construct an abstract formal calculus that has no immediate practical use and next to nothing in the way of obvious applications, the very name calculus indicates that this species of formal system owes its origin to the utility of its prototypical members in practical calculation. (planetmath.org)
- Generally speaking, any mathematical calculus is designed with the intention of representing a given domain of formal objects, and typically with the aim of facilitating the computations and inferences that need to be carried out in this representation . (planetmath.org)
- Thus some idea of the intended denotation , the formal objects that the formulas of the calculus are intended to denote, is given in advance of developing the calculus itself. (planetmath.org)
- The design of formal calculi in which fundamental concepts underlying interactive systems can be described and studied has been a central theme of theoretical computer science in recent decades, while membrane computing, a rule-based formalism inspired by biological cells, is a more recent field that belongs to the general area of natural computing. (springer.com)
- In the first chapter the authors offer a formal description of mobility in process calculi, noting the entities that move: links (Ï€-calculus), ambients (ambient calculi) and branes (brane calculi). (springer.com)
17th-century1
- What few realize is that their calculus homework originated, in part, in a debate between two 17th-century scholars. (scientificamerican.com)
Differentialis1
- Institutiones calculi differentialis Full text available from Archive.org. (wikipedia.org)
SageMath3
- Welcome to the SageMath Calculus Tutorial! (sagemath.org)
- No previous experience with SageMath or calculus is necessary, though you will need to either download SageMath or work online at CoCalc in order to participate actively in the following lessons. (sagemath.org)
- SageMath Calculus Tutorial - Last Visited , then select "Bookmark This Link" or your browser's equivalent. (sagemath.org)
AntiDerivatives1
- 4R2012 Calculus Unit5 AntiDerivatives! (slideshare.net)
Functions2
- calculus) was invented in the 1930s by Alonzo Church, as a form of mathematical logic dealing primarly with functions and the application of functions to their arguments . (planetmath.org)
- 12. Standard Calculus and Sequences of Functions. (doverpublications.com)
Trigonometry1
- If you would first like to brush up on some pre-calculus and trigonometry concepts, this review may be of help. (sagemath.org)
Urinary2
- The goals of imaging of urinary calculi are to determine the presence of stones witin the urinary tract, evaluate for complications, estimate the likelihood of stone passage, confirm stone passage, assess the stone burden, and evaluate disease activity. (medscape.com)
- Ultrasonography (US) use for initial evaluation of suspected urinary calculi is common outside the United States. (medscape.com)
Integralis3
- Institutionum calculi integralis is a three-volume textbook written by Leonhard Euler and published in 1768. (wikipedia.org)
- 1] provides a complete English translation of Euler's Institutionum calculi integralis by Ian Bruce. (wikipedia.org)
- Institutionum calculi integralis List of important publications in mathematics Euler, Leonhard (2000) [First published 1755]. (wikipedia.org)
Concepts3
- The two main goals of the text are to provide students with a thorough grounding in calculus concepts and applications, analytical techniques, and numerical methods and to have students understand how, when, and why calculus can be used to model biological phenomena. (oreilly.com)
- even though it might seem somewhat obvious, it is actually very important to many other concepts in calculus. (sagemath.org)
- Many students find physical chemistry difficult not because the concepts are hard, but because they have to apply the calculus and physics they learned previously to problems in chemistry. (washington.edu)
Branch1
- Differential calculus , Branch of mathematical analysis , devised by Isaac Newton and G.W. Leibniz , and concerned with the problem of finding the rate of change of a function with respect to the variable on which it depends. (britannica.com)
Symbolic2
Chemistry3
- Chemistry vs Ap Calculus Ab? (yahoo.com)
- I now have Ap Calculus Ab and i was just wondering if it is as hard or harder than Chemistry. (yahoo.com)
- When freshmen and sophomores merely memorize calculus and physics for their exams rather than truly learning the material, they have difficulty later in senior-level physical chemistry courses. (washington.edu)
Proximal1
- Nonenhanced CT image shows an obstructing left proximal ureteral calculus with a slight soft-tissue rim around the stone (ie, rim sign). (medscape.com)
Courses4
- Info concerning El Paso Community College calculus courses, registering for required degree courses, and taking free tests online. (calculuscourse.org)
- Taking calculus courses, for example, can give you an advantage in job recruiting in fields that require advanced math skills. (calculuscourse.org)
- This sequence of courses is the Calculus Path and is shown in the right column of the chart below. (google.com)
- Calculus courses are sequential, so the stuff you see in 191, for example, will enable you to make sense of a lot of the stuff you will see in 192. (unl.edu)
Students9
- In order to take college-level Calculus in high school, students must begin Pre-Calculus no later than their junior year. (google.com)
- Designed for students with one year of calculus in high school. (indiana.edu)
- These include type of institution, socioeconomic status of students, reasons for studying Calculus, year in college, and prior mathematical experience. (maa.org)
- There are likely to be more, better prepared students here than in your high school, but remember that you are trying to learn Calculus and not competing with other students. (unl.edu)
- In my opinion, students are there to learn calculus and should already know what a function is. (maa.org)
- Presenting Newton's problem to students and then proposing Calculus as the solution seems so much better than the reverse. (metafilter.com)
- For many students, calculus is more like an afterbirth. (metafilter.com)
- MATH 171 will be for all students starting the calculus sequence for the first time. (radford.edu)
- This classic introductory text, geared toward undergraduate students of mathematics, is the work of an internationally renowned authority on tensor calculus. (doverpublications.com)
Rigorous2
- Rigorous undergraduate treatment introduces calculus at the basic level, using infinitesimals and concentrating on theory rather than applications. (doverpublications.com)
- The two-part treatment offers a rigorous presentation of tensor calculus as a development of vector analysis as well as discussions of the most important applications of tensor calculus. (doverpublications.com)
Algebraic2
- Too many of my classmates saw calculus as complicated algebraic manipulation instead of the inevitable need to describe the relationship between the basic parameters of motion. (metafilter.com)
- Just as 'ordinary' calculus can be used with algebraic function s to determine such things as the slope , maximum and minimum points, changes in concavity, average values, and sums, vector calculus can be used to determine such things with regard to multi-dimensional fields. (everything2.com)
Applications1
- Calculus: Ideas & Applications , by Alex Himonas and Alan Howard. (maa.org)
Theorem2
- These two branches are related to each other by the fundamental theorem of calculus , and they make use of the fundamental notions of convergence of infinite sequences and infinite series to a well-defined limit . (wikipedia.org)
- They understand the foundation of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. (ti.com)
Processes1
- We are pleased to announce the book: ------------------------------------------------------- The Pi-Calculus: A Theory of Mobile Processes Davide Sangiorgi and David Walker Cambridge University Press, 592 pp, ISBN 0521781779 ------------------------------------------------------- Below is the blurb and the table of contents. (upenn.edu)
Book7
- Building on previous texts in the Modular Mathematics series, in particular 'Vectors in Two or Three Dimensions' and 'Calculus and ODEs', this book introduces the student to the concept of vector calculus. (worldcat.org)
- Wikibooks has a book on the topic of Calculus . (wikiversity.org)
- The explanations are adequate for the purpose, but the book is suitable only for the most basic overview of calculus. (maa.org)
- Since there are so many calculus books and the coverage in them is so similar, I cannot say that this book is outstanding. (maa.org)
- The Calculus Gallery is a wonderful book. (princeton.edu)
- This book presents the pi-calculus, a theory of mobile systems. (upenn.edu)
- The book serves both as a reference for the theory and as an extended demonstration of how to use pi-calculus to describe systems and analyse their properties. (upenn.edu)
Graphs1
- im not gonna complain, i got 95-99 averages throughout all 4 hs semesters on those 2 classes, but AP calculus has alot of annoying word problems and analyzing graphs. (yahoo.com)
Mathematical tools1
- The pi-calculus provides a conceptual framework for understanding mobility, and mathematical tools for expressing systems and reasoning about their behaviours. (upenn.edu)
Formulas1
- We develop new semantics for resolution-based calculi for Quantified Boolean Formulas, covering both the CDCL-derived calculi and the expansion-derived ones. (easychair.org)
Theoretical1
- 2007) Calculus I - Theoretical focus. (wikiversity.org)