Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.
Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.
Calcium compounds used as food supplements or in food to supply the body with calcium. Dietary calcium is needed during growth for bone development and for maintenance of skeletal integrity later in life to prevent osteoporosis.
Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.
Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.
Stable calcium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element calcium, but differ in atomic weight. Ca-42-44, 46, and 48 are stable calcium isotopes.
A salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magnesium poisoning.
Long-lasting voltage-gated CALCIUM CHANNELS found in both excitable and nonexcitable tissue. They are responsible for normal myocardial and vascular smooth muscle contractility. Five subunits (alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, gamma, and delta) make up the L-type channel. The alpha-1 subunit is the binding site for calcium-based antagonists. Dihydropyridine-based calcium antagonists are used as markers for these binding sites.
The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.
The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.
Unstable isotopes of calcium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ca atoms with atomic weights 39, 41, 45, 47, 49, and 50 are radioactive calcium isotopes.
Inorganic compounds that contain calcium as an integral part of the molecule.
CALCIUM CHANNELS that are concentrated in neural tissue. Omega toxins inhibit the actions of these channels by altering their voltage dependence.
A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.
Agents that increase calcium influx into calcium channels of excitable tissues. This causes vasoconstriction in VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE and/or CARDIAC MUSCLE cells as well as stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic islets. Therefore, tissue-selective calcium agonists have the potential to combat cardiac failure and endocrinological disorders. They have been used primarily in experimental studies in cell and tissue culture.
An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.
A white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental formulations, especially for root canal filling.
A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.
A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.
A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.
A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.
The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).
A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
Chemicals that bind to and remove ions from solutions. Many chelating agents function through the formation of COORDINATION COMPLEXES with METALS.
A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits CA(2+)-TRANSPORTING ATPASE mediated uptake of CALCIUM into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
A calbindin protein found in many mammalian tissues, including the UTERUS, PLACENTA, BONE, PITUITARY GLAND, and KIDNEYS. In intestinal ENTEROCYTES it mediates intracellular calcium transport from apical to basolateral membranes via calcium binding at two EF-HAND MOTIFS. Expression is regulated in some tissues by VITAMIN D.
A tetrameric calcium release channel in the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM membrane of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, acting oppositely to SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES. It is important in skeletal and cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and studied by using RYANODINE. Abnormalities are implicated in CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS and MUSCULAR DISEASES.
An inorganic pyrophosphate which affects calcium metabolism in mammals. Abnormalities in its metabolism occur in some human diseases, notably HYPOPHOSPHATASIA and pseudogout (CHONDROCALCINOSIS).
Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.
A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.
Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. They typically contain EF HAND MOTIFS.
Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.
Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Lanthanum. The prototypical element in the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol La, atomic number 57, and atomic weight 138.91. Lanthanide ion is used in experimental biology as a calcium antagonist; lanthanum oxide improves the optical properties of glass.
An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.
CALCIUM CHANNELS located within the PURKINJE CELLS of the cerebellum. They are involved in stimulation-secretion coupling of neurons.
A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.
Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
A photoprotein isolated from the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea. It emits visible light by an intramolecular reaction when a trace amount of calcium ion is added. The light-emitting moiety in the bioluminescence reaction is believed to be 2-amino-3-benzyl-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazine (AF-350).
The fluid inside CELLS.
A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The binding of calcium ions to this protein allows this protein to bind to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and to adenyl cyclase with subsequent activation. Thereby this protein modulates cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels.
A class of G-protein-coupled receptors that react to varying extracellular CALCIUM levels. Calcium-sensing receptors in the PARATHYROID GLANDS play an important role in the maintenance of calcium HOMEOSTASIS by regulating the release of PARATHYROID HORMONE. They differ from INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING PROTEINS which sense intracellular calcium levels.
CALCIUM CHANNELS located in the neurons of the brain.
An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.
Intracellular receptors that bind to INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE and play an important role in its intracellular signaling. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors are calcium channels that release CALCIUM in response to increased levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in the CYTOPLASM.
Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.
Chemical agents that increase the permeability of biological or artificial lipid membranes to specific ions. Most ionophores are relatively small organic molecules that act as mobile carriers within membranes or coalesce to form ion permeable channels across membranes. Many are antibiotics, and many act as uncoupling agents by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.
A vitamin that includes both CHOLECALCIFEROLS and ERGOCALCIFEROLS, which have the common effect of preventing or curing RICKETS in animals. It can also be viewed as a hormone since it can be formed in SKIN by action of ULTRAVIOLET RAYS upon the precursors, 7-dehydrocholesterol and ERGOSTEROL, and acts on VITAMIN D RECEPTORS to regulate CALCIUM in opposition to PARATHYROID HORMONE.
Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.
A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.
The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
CALCIUM CHANNELS located in the neurons of the brain. They are inhibited by the marine snail toxin, omega conotoxin MVIIC.
Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.
A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.
Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.
A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.
An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.
A neurotoxic peptide, which is a cleavage product (VIa) of the omega-Conotoxin precursor protein contained in venom from the marine snail, CONUS geographus. It is an antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS, N-TYPE.
The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption.
Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.
A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.
The movement of ions across energy-transducing cell membranes. Transport can be active, passive or facilitated. Ions may travel by themselves (uniport), or as a group of two or more ions in the same (symport) or opposite (antiport) directions.
The opening and closing of ion channels due to a stimulus. The stimulus can be a change in membrane potential (voltage-gated), drugs or chemical transmitters (ligand-gated), or a mechanical deformation. Gating is thought to involve conformational changes of the ion channel which alters selective permeability.
Two pairs of small oval-shaped glands located in the front and the base of the NECK and adjacent to the two lobes of THYROID GLAND. They secrete PARATHYROID HORMONE that regulates the balance of CALCIUM; PHOSPHORUS; and MAGNESIUM in the body.
A family of structurally related neurotoxic peptides from mollusk venom that inhibit voltage-activated entry of calcium into the presynaptic membrane. They selectively inhibit N-, P-, and Q-type calcium channels.
Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Native, inorganic or fossilized organic substances having a definite chemical composition and formed by inorganic reactions. They may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other mineral or rock. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Calcium-transporting ATPases that catalyze the active transport of CALCIUM into the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM vesicles from the CYTOPLASM. They are primarily found in MUSCLE CELLS and play a role in the relaxation of MUSCLES.
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.
Calcium-binding proteins that are found in DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES, INTESTINES, BRAIN, and other tissues where they bind, buffer and transport cytoplasmic calcium. Calbindins possess a variable number of EF-HAND MOTIFS which contain calcium-binding sites. Some isoforms are regulated by VITAMIN D.
Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.
The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.
Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.
Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.
A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.
Interstitial space between cells, occupied by INTERSTITIAL FLUID as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. For organisms with a CELL WALL, the extracellular space includes everything outside of the CELL MEMBRANE including the PERIPLASM and the cell wall.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.
Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.
A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.
A drug used to reduce hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy.
A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.
The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.
A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.
The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.
Calcium-transporting ATPases found on the PLASMA MEMBRANE that catalyze the active transport of CALCIUM from the CYTOPLASM into the extracellular space. They play a role in maintaining a CALCIUM gradient across plasma membrane.
Identification and measurement of ELEMENTS and their location based on the fact that X-RAYS emitted by an element excited by an electron beam have a wavelength characteristic of that element and an intensity related to its concentration. It is performed with an electron microscope fitted with an x-ray spectrometer, in scanning or transmission mode.
An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.
A chemical system that functions to control the levels of specific ions in solution. When the level of hydrogen ion in solution is controlled the system is called a pH buffer.
The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.
The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.
Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.
Metallochrome indicator that changes color when complexed to the calcium ion under physiological conditions. It is used to measure local calcium ion concentrations in vivo.
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
A multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that occurs as an oligomeric protein comprised of twelve subunits. It differs from other enzyme subtypes in that it lacks a phosphorylatable activation domain that can respond to CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE.
A class of compounds composed of repeating 5-carbon units of HEMITERPENES.
Quinolines substituted in any position by one or more amino groups.
Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.
An inorganic dye used in microscopy for differential staining and as a diagnostic reagent. In research this compound is used to study changes in cytoplasmic concentrations of calcium. Ruthenium red inhibits calcium transport through membrane channels.
Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.
Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.
Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.
Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.
Raw and processed or manufactured milk and milk-derived products. These are usually from cows (bovine) but are also from goats, sheep, reindeer, and water buffalo.
An electrogenic ion exchange protein that maintains a steady level of calcium by removing an amount of calcium equal to that which enters the cells. It is widely distributed in most excitable membranes, including the brain and heart.
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.
The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.
A subclass of phospholipases that hydrolyze the phosphoester bond found in the third position of GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS. Although the singular term phospholipase C specifically refers to an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (EC 3.1.4.3), it is commonly used in the literature to refer to broad variety of enzymes that specifically catalyze the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS.
The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.
A family of intracellular calcium-sensing proteins found predominately in NEURONS and PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They contain EF HAND MOTIFS and undergo conformational changes upon calcium-binding. Neuronal calcium-sensor proteins interact with other regulatory proteins to mediate physiological responses to a change in intracellular calcium concentration.
Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.
Venoms of arthropods of the order Araneida of the ARACHNIDA. The venoms usually contain several protein fractions, including ENZYMES, hemolytic, neurolytic, and other TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL.
A neuropeptide toxin from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. It inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, P-TYPE by altering the voltage-dependent gating so that very large depolarizations are needed for channel opening. It also inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, Q-TYPE.
Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.
A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.
Chemical agents that increase the permeability of CELL MEMBRANES to CALCIUM ions.
Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.
Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.
A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.
Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, CARDIAC).
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
A colorless or slightly yellow crystalline compound obtained from nutgalls. It is used in photography, pharmaceuticals, and as an analytical reagent.
Cellular release of material within membrane-limited vesicles by fusion of the vesicles with the CELL MEMBRANE.
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.
Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.
A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.
The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)
Excretion of abnormally high level of CALCIUM in the URINE, greater than 4 mg/kg/day.
Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.
A calcium-binding protein that mediates calcium HOMEOSTASIS in KIDNEYS, BRAIN, and other tissues. It is found in well-defined populations of NEURONS and is involved in CALCIUM SIGNALING and NEURONAL PLASTICITY. It is regulated in some tissues by VITAMIN D.
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.
An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.
A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.
Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.
A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE. It is used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic.
A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.
An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.
The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.
Phosphoric acid esters of inositol. They include mono- and polyphosphoric acid esters, with the exception of inositol hexaphosphate which is PHYTIC ACID.
The distal terminations of axons which are specialized for the release of neurotransmitters. Also included are varicosities along the course of axons which have similar specializations and also release transmitters. Presynaptic terminals in both the central and peripheral nervous systems are included.
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.
Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.
Substances used for their pharmacological actions on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.
Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.
Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.
The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.
Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.
An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 114. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.
The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Systems in which an intracellular signal is generated in response to an intercellular primary messenger such as a hormone or neurotransmitter. They are intermediate signals in cellular processes such as metabolism, secretion, contraction, phototransduction, and cell growth. Examples of second messenger systems are the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system, the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate-inositol triphosphate system, and the cyclic GMP system.
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Phosphorus used in foods or obtained from food. This element is a major intracellular component which plays an important role in many biochemical pathways relating to normal physiological functions. High concentrations of dietary phosphorus can cause nephrocalcinosis which is associated with impaired kidney function. Low concentrations of dietary phosphorus cause an increase in calcitriol in the blood and osteoporosis.
A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
A peptide hormone that lowers calcium concentration in the blood. In humans, it is released by thyroid cells and acts to decrease the formation and absorptive activity of osteoclasts. Its role in regulating plasma calcium is much greater in children and in certain diseases than in normal adults.
A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.
Formation of stones in the KIDNEY.
Calcium-binding motifs composed of two helices (E and F) joined by a loop. Calcium is bound by the loop region. These motifs are found in many proteins that are regulated by calcium.
A group of phosphate minerals that includes ten mineral species and has the general formula X5(YO4)3Z, where X is usually calcium or lead, Y is phosphorus or arsenic, and Z is chlorine, fluorine, or OH-. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.
Inorganic or organic compounds that contain boron as an integral part of the molecule.
A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
A CALCIUM and CALMODULIN-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is composed of the calcineurin A catalytic subunit and the calcineurin B regulatory subunit. Calcineurin has been shown to dephosphorylate a number of phosphoproteins including HISTONES; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN; and the regulatory subunits of CAMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. It is involved in the regulation of signal transduction and is the target of an important class of immunophilin-immunosuppressive drug complexes.
Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring.
Hydroxy analogs of vitamin D 3; (CHOLECALCIFEROL); including CALCIFEDIOL; CALCITRIOL; and 24,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D 3.
The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.
Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

BLNK required for coupling Syk to PLC gamma 2 and Rac1-JNK in B cells. (1/8321)

Signaling through the B cell receptor (BCR) is essential for B cell function and development. Despite the key role of Syk in BCR signaling, little is known about the mechanism by which Syk transmits downstream effectors. BLNK (B cell LiNKer protein), a substrate for Syk, is now shown to be essential in activating phospholipase C (PLC)gamma 2 and JNK. The BCR-induced PLC gamma 2 activation, but not the JNK activation, was restored by introduction of PLC gamma 2 membrane-associated form into BLNK-deficient B cells. As JNK activation requires both Rac1 and PLC gamma 2, our results suggest that BLNK regulates the Rac1-JNK pathway, in addition to modulating PLC gamma 2 localization.  (+info)

Skeletal muscle type ryanodine receptor is involved in calcium signaling in human B lymphocytes. (2/8321)

The regulation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in B cells remains poorly understood and is presently explained almost solely by inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-mediated Ca2+ release, followed by activation of a store-operated channel mechanism. In fact, there are reports indicating that IP3 production does not always correlate with the magnitude of Ca2+ release. We demonstrate here that human B cells express a ryanodine receptor (RYR) that functions as a Ca2+ release channel during the B cell antigen receptor (BCR)-stimulated Ca2+ signaling process. Immunoblotting studies showed that both human primary CD19(+) B and DAKIKI cells express a 565-kDa immunoreactive protein that is indistinguishable in molecular size and immunoreactivity from the RYR. Selective reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and sequencing of cloned cDNA indicated that the major isoform of the RYR expressed in primary CD19(+) B and DAKIKI cells is identical to the skeletal muscle type (RYR1). Saturation analysis of [3H]ryanodine binding yielded Bmax = 150 fmol/mg of protein and Kd = 110 nM in DAKIKI cells. In fluo-3-loaded CD19(+) B and DAKIKI cells, 4-chloro-m-cresol, a potent activator of Ca2+ release mediated by the ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release channel, induced Ca2+ release in a dose-dependent and ryanodine-sensitive fashion. Furthermore, BCR-mediated Ca2+ release in CD19(+) B cells was significantly altered by 4-chloro-m-cresol and ryanodine. These results indicate that RYR1 functions as a Ca2+ release channel during BCR-stimulated Ca2+ signaling and suggest that complex Ca2+ signals that control the cellular activities of B cells may be generated by cooperation of the IP3 receptor and RYR1.  (+info)

Characterization of elementary Ca2+ release signals in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons. (3/8321)

Elementary Ca2+ release signals in nerve growth factor- (NGF-) differentiated PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons, functionally analogous to the "Ca2+ sparks" and "Ca2+ puffs" identified in other cell types, were characterized by confocal microscopy. They either occurred spontaneously or could be activated by caffeine and metabotropic agonists. The release events were dissimilar to the sparks and puffs described so far, as many arose from clusters of both ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs). Increasing either the stimulus strength or loading of the intracellular stores enhanced the frequency of and coupling between elementary release sites and evoked global Ca2+ signals. In the PC12 cells, the elementary Ca2+ release preferentially occurred around the branch points. Spatio-temporal recruitment of such elementary release events may regulate neuronal activities.  (+info)

The beta subunit increases the Ca2+ sensitivity of large conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels by retaining the gating in the bursting states. (4/8321)

Coexpression of the beta subunit (KV,Cabeta) with the alpha subunit of mammalian large conductance Ca2+- activated K+ (BK) channels greatly increases the apparent Ca2+ sensitivity of the channel. Using single-channel analysis to investigate the mechanism for this increase, we found that the beta subunit increased open probability (Po) by increasing burst duration 20-100-fold, while having little effect on the durations of the gaps (closed intervals) between bursts or on the numbers of detected open and closed states entered during gating. The effect of the beta subunit was not equivalent to raising intracellular Ca2+ in the absence of the beta subunit, suggesting that the beta subunit does not act by increasing all the Ca2+ binding rates proportionally. The beta subunit also inhibited transitions to subconductance levels. It is the retention of the BK channel in the bursting states by the beta subunit that increases the apparent Ca2+ sensitivity of the channel. In the presence of the beta subunit, each burst of openings is greatly amplified in duration through increases in both the numbers of openings per burst and in the mean open times. Native BK channels from cultured rat skeletal muscle were found to have bursting kinetics similar to channels expressed from alpha subunits alone.  (+info)

Fertilization, embryonic development, and offspring from mouse eggs injected with round spermatids combined with Ca2+ oscillation-inducing sperm factor. (5/8321)

Round spermatids, precursor male gametes, are known to possess the potential to achieve fertilization and embryonic development when injected into eggs. However, injection of spermatids alone seldom activates eggs in the mouse, as spermatids by themselves cannot induce an increase in intracellular Ca2+, a prerequisite for egg activation. We injected a mouse round spermatid into an egg simultaneously with partially purified sperm factor from differentiated hamster spermatozoa. The combined injection produced repetitive Ca2+ increases (Ca2+ oscillations) lasting for at least 4 h as observed at fertilization, and induced activation in 92% of eggs. This method provided 75% fertilization success associated with male and female pronucleus formation and development to 2-cell embryos, while only 7% of eggs were fertilized by injection of a spermatid alone. Of the 2-cell embryos, approximately 50% developed to blastocysts during 5 days of culture in vitro, while no blastocysts were obtained following injection of sperm factor alone. Furthermore, the 2-cell embryos, that were created by spermatids and sperm factor and transplanted into foster mothers, developed into normal offspring, although the percentage was only 22%. All infants grew into healthy adults carrying normal chromosomes. The sperm factor served as a complementary factor for successful fertilization by round spermatid injection.  (+info)

Contributions of mitochondria to animal physiology: from homeostatic sensor to calcium signalling and cell death. (6/8321)

Over recent years, it has become clear that mitochondria play a central role in many key aspects of animal physiology and pathophysiology. Their central and ubiquitous task is clearly the production of ATP. Nevertheless, they also play subtle roles in glucose homeostasis, acting as the sensor for substrate supply in the transduction pathway that promotes insulin secretion by the pancreatic -cell and that modulates the excitability of the hypothalamic glucose-sensitive neurons involved in appetite control. Mitochondria may also act as sensors of availability of oxygen, the other major mitochondrial substrate, in the regulation of respiration. Mitochondria take up calcium, and the high opacity mitochondrial calcium uptake pathway provides a mechanism that couples energy demand to increased ATP production through the calcium-dependent upregulation of mitochondrial enzyme activity. Mitochondrial calcium accumulation may also have a substantial impact on the spatiotemporal dynamics of cellular calcium signals, with subtle differences of detail in different cell types. Recent work has also revealed the centrality of mitochondrial dysfunction as an irreversible step in the pathway to both necrotic and apoptotic cell death. This review looks at recent developments in these rapidly evolving areas of cell physiology in an attempt to draw together disparate areas of research into a common theme.  (+info)

Isosmotic modulation of Ca2+-regulated exocytosis in guinea-pig antral mucous cells: role of cell volume. (7/8321)

1. Exocytotic events and changes of cell volume in mucous cells from guinea-pig antrum were examined by video-enhanced optical microscopy. 2. Acetylcholine (ACh) evoked exocytotic events following cell shrinkage, the frequency and extent of which depended on the ACh concentration. ACh actions were mimicked by ionomycin and thapsigargin, and inhibited by Ca2+-free solution and Ca2+ channel blockers (Ni2+, Cd2+ and nifedipine). Application of 100 microM W-7, a calmodulin inhibitor, also inhibited the ACh-induced exocytotic events. These results indicate that ACh actions are mediated by intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in antral mucous cells. 3. The effects of ion channel blockers on exocytotic events and cell shrinkage evoked by ACh were examined. Inhibition of KCl release (quinine, Ba2+, NPPB or KCl solution) suppressed both the exocytotic events and cell shrinkage evoked by ACh. 4. Bumetanide (inhibition of NaCl entry) or Cl--free solution (increasing Cl- release and inhibition of NaCl entry) evoked exocytotic events following cell shrinkage in unstimulated antral mucous cells and caused further cell shrinkage and increases in the frequency of exocytotic events in ACh-stimulated cells. However, Cl--free solution did not evoke exocytotic events in unstimulated cells in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, although cell shrinkage occurred. 5. To examine the effects of cell volume on ACh-evoked exocytosis, the cell volume was altered by increasing the extracellular K+ concentration. The results showed that cell shrinkage increases the frequency of ACh-evoked exocytotic events and cell swelling decreases them. 6. Osmotic shrinkage or swelling caused the frequency of ACh-evoked exocytotic events to increase. This suggests that the effects of cell volume on ACh-evoked exocytosis under anisosmotic conditions may not be the same as those under isosmotic conditions. 7. In antral mucous cells, Ca2+-regulated exocytosis is modulated by cell shrinkage under isosmotic conditions.  (+info)

Relationship between L-type Ca2+ current and unitary sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release events in rat ventricular myocytes. (8/8321)

1. The time courses of Ca2+ current and Ca2+ spark occurrence were determined in single rat ventricular myocytes voltage clamped with patch pipettes containing 0.1 microM fluo-3. Acquisition of line-scan images on a laser scanning confocal microscope was synchronized with measurement of Cd2+-sensitive Ca2+ currents. In most cells, individual Ca2+ sparks were observed by reducing Ca2+ current density with nifedipine (0.1-8 microM). 2. Ca2+ sparks elicited by depolarizing voltage-clamp pulses had a peak [Ca2+] amplitude of 289 +/- 3 nM with a decay half-time of 20.8 +/- 0.2 ms and a full width at half-maximum of 1.40 +/- 0.03 microm (mean +/- s. e.m., n = 345), independent of the membrane potential. 3. The time between the beginning of a depolarization and the initiation of each Ca2+ spark was calculated and data were pooled to construct waiting time histograms. Exponential functions were fitted to these histograms and to the decaying phase of the Ca2+ current. This analysis showed that the time constants describing Ca2+ current and Ca2+ spark occurrence at membrane potentials between -30 mV and +30 mV were not significantly different. At +50 mV, in the absence of nifedipine, the time constant describing Ca2+ spark occurrence was significantly larger than the time constant of the Ca2+ current. 4. A simple model is developed using Poisson statistics to relate macroscopic Ca2+ current to the opening of single L-type Ca2+ channels at the dyad junction and to the time course of Ca2+ spark occurrence. The model suggests that the time courses of macroscopic Ca2+ current and Ca2+ spark occurrence should be closely related when opening of a single L-type Ca2+ channel initiates a Ca2+ spark. By comparison with the data, the model suggests that Ca2+ sparks are initiated by the opening of a single L-type Ca2+ channel at all membrane potentials encountered during an action potential.  (+info)

Background: Hypertensive cardiomyopathy or pathophysiological changes in myocardial structure and function caused by hypertension is a growing clinical problem due to the ageing population and a lack of curative therapies. The onset of the disease is often clinically silent, progressing over time to therapy-resistant symptomatic forms. Existing therapeutic concepts are, therefore, symptom-oriented and tailored for advanced stages of cardiac remodeling. Understanding molecular processes driving early hypertension-induced changes may improve diagnosis and treatment options.. Recent evidence positions changes in Ca2+ cycling as an early promoter of cardiac remodeling via Ca2+-mediated regulation of transcription. The enzyme Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has a central role in this process, as it can translate fine changes in Ca2+ fluxes into altered gene expression. However, the specific regulation of this so-called excitation-transcription coupling in hypertensive ...
One example of such an instability is alternans, which at the cellular level, is characterized by a beat-to-beat alternation in membrane potential and intracellular calcium dynamics. Alternans, which manifests on the surface electrocardiogram as T-wave alternans, is a putative trigger of some types of reentrant arrhythmias. Two possible mechanisms have been proposed for alternans - either transmembrane ionic currents or intracellular calcium dynamics fail to cycle completely during one beat, due to insufficient time, leading to the beat-to-beat alternations characteristic of alternans. Importantly, because the voltage and intracellular calcium dynamics are bidirectionally coupled, alternans in one system will lead to secondary alternans in the other. Because of this coupling it is difficult to determine which mechanism is the main source of the instability. In our laboratory, we attempt to disentangle the contributions of voltage and calcium dynamics leading to cellular alternans via a hybrid ...
One challenge for genetic approaches aimed at studying biological processes is the difficulty of identifying specific functions for broadly acting cell biological pathways. Here, we complement classical genetics with a chemical approach to disrupt polymerized microtubules at a specific time in development. Complete microtubule loss leads to lethality and defects in mitosis, but our experiments took advantage of the fact that late embryogenesis, the time at which asymmetric AWC identities are determined, is a time when little cell division occurs. Using a combination of genetics and drug treatment, we have linked microtubule-dependent localization of calcium-regulated signaling proteins, including UNC-43/CaMKII, TIR-1/SARM adaptor and NSY-1/ASK1 MAPKKK to genetic control of neuronal asymmetry in C. elegans. We also identified the requirement of microtubule-dependent kinesin motor gene unc-104/kif1a in this process.. Our results suggest that microtubule-dependent and unc-104-dependent localization ...
One challenge for genetic approaches aimed at studying biological processes is the difficulty of identifying specific functions for broadly acting cell biological pathways. Here, we complement classical genetics with a chemical approach to disrupt polymerized microtubules at a specific time in development. Complete microtubule loss leads to lethality and defects in mitosis, but our experiments took advantage of the fact that late embryogenesis, the time at which asymmetric AWC identities are determined, is a time when little cell division occurs. Using a combination of genetics and drug treatment, we have linked microtubule-dependent localization of calcium-regulated signaling proteins, including UNC-43/CaMKII, TIR-1/SARM adaptor and NSY-1/ASK1 MAPKKK to genetic control of neuronal asymmetry in C. elegans. We also identified the requirement of microtubule-dependent kinesin motor gene unc-104/kif1a in this process.. Our results suggest that microtubule-dependent and unc-104-dependent localization ...
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Vi beskriver hur man mäter nära membranet och globala intracellulär dynamik kalcium i odlade astrocyter med total inre reflektion och...
WHY WE NEED CALCIUM. By Troy Francis. Calcium is one nutrient that is sometimes overlooked. However, it is one of the most important nutrients your body needs. Calcium plays an important part in body functions and some development. Knowing how much calcium you need daily and where to get it from can ensure that you will lead a healthier life and live longer. What does Calcium do for us! Well, calcium does many things for your body. Everyone knows calcium is great for the bones. It also plays a role in keeping your muscles and nerves working properly. It also helps blood clot and keeps your heart functioning properly. Lacking calcium in your diet can greatly affect your health for years to come. When your body does not get enough calcium it begins to take calcium from the bones. When this occurs, the bones become deficient and problems can start such as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a disease that mostly affects older people. Osteoporosis is a disease where the bones get thin and brittle. However ...
Calcium has become the latest double-edged swords in the supplement world.. People want to take calcium for its osteoporosis prevention benefit, but then learn about possible associated cardiovascular disease risks. This usually leaves the consumer confused as to whether the risk is worth the benefit.. To answer the question about whether or not to take calcium, it is first it important to understand the role calcium in our body. Calcium is essential in a variety of physiological functions in our body, in addition to the structural function in our bones. Calcium is a signal molecule for a variety of cellular processes including nerve conduction, muscle contraction, glycogen metabolism and cardiac function. Without calcium, we would not be able to relay signals in our heart or muscles, we wouldnt be able to contract our muscles and our skeleton would not keep us upright.. What is the connection with calcium and heart disease? Some recent research had correlated an increased risk of heart disease ...
Calcium waves are propagated among islands of UMR cells. Calcium waves were induced in a subconfluent monolayer of fluo-3-loaded UMR cells. The outline of c
Measuring Calcium in the ER with mag fura 2 - posted in MTT, Proliferation and Cytotoxicity Assay: We are interested in determing if hypoxia/glucose deprivation cause release of calcium from the ER. WE plan to use mag fura2 to measure ER calcium. Two questions I have is there a way to measure calcium in real time, meaning being able to quench the reaction before taking it out of hypoxia, because reoxygenation can have an effect on calcium levels, and how do you harvest the cell after label...
The latest Perspectives in General Physiology series introduces the newest technologies in the field of calcium signaling, which plays a central role in many cellular processes.
This book presents a series of models in the general area of cell physiology and signal transduction, with particular attention being paid to intracellular calcium dynamics, and the role played by cal
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Calcium imaging is a scientific technique usually carried out in research which is designed to show the calcium (Ca2+) status of a cell, tissue or medium. Calcium imaging techniques take advantage of so-called calcium indicators, fluorescent molecules that can respond to the binding of Ca2+ ions by changing their fluorescence properties.
calcium How intracellular Calcium signaling, gradient and its role as a universal intracellular regulator points to design http://reasonandscience.heavenforum
Colloidal minerals calcium The absorption of calcium is one of the most important issues in human nutrition yet calcium remains one of the most difficult minerals to assimilate. Colloidal minerals
This is Digital Version of (Ebook) 978-3642208287 Coding and Decoding of Calcium Signals in Plants (Signaling and Communicatio Product Will Be Deliver
Part No. 486668-K. Specially formulated reagent works in conjunction with current eXact® Strip Micro Calcium Hardness (486629). This kit allows for detection of Calcium Hardness 730 - 1500 ppm (as CaCO3) without the need for a dilution kit. Bulk bottle of 50 each: eXact® Strip Micro Calcium Hardness #486629 & eXact® Reagent CA Ultra-High #486668.. Range: 730-1500 ppm (as CaCO3) = 292 - 519 ppm (as Ca+2). ...
Q. Since a woman is supposed to have 1,000 milligrams of calcium a day, why dont the calcium tablets contain 500 mg so she can take two a day if she gets little calcium in her diet? By taking two
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1/3/2010· Calcium is the most plentiful mineral in the human body. Almost all of it - 99% - is stored in the skeleton, where it serves to maintain healthy bones and teeth. But thats not all it does. Calcium is also essential for the normal functioning of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. Tiny amounts are dissolved in the fluid inside and outside ...
Calcium content and RDA percentage, per serving and per 100g, in 1 types of hard boiled egg. The amount of Calcium is 50 mg to 50 mg per 100g, in hard boiled egg.
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Calcium list and information including what is Calcium, health benefits and usage indications. Find articles and product list for other top low-carb products, fat-burners, nutrition bars and shakes.
Calcium list and information including what is Calcium, health benefits and usage indications. Find articles and product list for other top low-carb products, fat-burners, nutrition bars and shakes.
In humans, calcium is the most abundant mineral and forms about 2% of our total body weight. Almost all of this calcium is found in the skeleton and the rest is found in the teeth, the blood plasma, the bodys soft tissues and the extracellular fluid.
Calcium is essential for building strong bones and teeth which we must get it from the foods we eat and drink. Find out more about calcium Waitrose
Calcium is essential for building strong bones and teeth which we must get it from the foods we eat and drink. Find out more about calcium Waitrose
Everyone needs calcium to build strong bones, especially women and girls. Share these tips to help people shop for foods with calcium.
Calcium is an element is vital for the health of many living things, and has a range of industrial uses. Calcium is never found...
WebMD provides common contraindications for Calcium Phosphate-Vitamin D3 Oral. Find out what health conditions may be a health risk when taken with Calcium Phosphate-Vitamin D3 Oral
Pharmaniaga Calcium is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide. A list of US medications equivalent to Pharmaniaga Calcium is available on the Drugs.com website.
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[101 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Global Anhydrous Dibasic Calcium Phospate Market Professional Survey Report 2017 report by QYResearch Group. This report studies Anhydrous Dibasic Calcium Phospate in Global market,...
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Cu plumping is getting pretty clogged up with calcium buildup otherwise the pipes are in good shape. I have remove and replaced a few sections for inspection and the test sections were like new after the deposits were removed. IS there a way to chemically or by other means to unclog them. I
Trophics Calcium Amino Acid Chelate is synthesized using the patented Albion process - amino acids are bound to minerals to result in a more efficiently absorbed formula.
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Recent research shows that taking your calcium twice daily instead of all at once may be optimal. Watch this video to find out why. Or read it on the AlgaeCa…Video Rating: 0 / 5. ...
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PubMed journal article: Comparison of intracellular calcium signals evoked by heat and capsaicin in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and in a cell line expressing the rat vanilloid receptor, VR1. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android
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Calcium signaling is known to be associated with cytokinesis; however, the detailed spatio-temporal pattern of calcium dynamics has remained unclear. We have studied changes of intracellular free calcium in cleavage-stage Xenopus embryos using fluorescent calcium indicator dyes, mainly Calcium Green-1. Cleavage formation was followed by calcium transients that localized to cleavage furrows and propagated along the furrows as calcium waves. The calcium transients at the cleavage furrows were observed at each cleavage furrow at least until blastula stage. The velocity of the calcium waves at the first cleavage furrow was approximately 3 microns/s, which was much slower than that associated with fertilization/egg activation. These calcium waves traveled only along the cleavage furrows and not in the direction orthogonal to the furrows. These observations imply that there exists an intracellular calcium-releasing activity specifically associated with cleavage furrows. The calcium waves occurred in ...
1b shows that there was a general decrease also in 495 nm signal as the experiment progressed. This means that there was no change in the 405/495 ratio with time (Fig. 1c), which correctly reflects that there was no change in [Ca2+]i. D. Bruton et al. non-ratiometric indicators can result in completely erroneous conclusions. It should, however, be noted that not all problems are avoided by using ratiometric indicators. For instance, excessive light exposure can lead to qualitatively altered properties of the indicator, which cannot be corrected for by ratios. Neuron 57:536-545 44. Bender KJ, Trussell LO (2009) Axon initial segment Ca2+ channels influence action potential generation and timing. Neuron 61:259-271 45. Bers DM (2008) Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes. Annu Rev Physiol 70:23-49 46. Dolmetsch R (2003) Excitation-transcription coupling: signaling by ion channels to the nucleus. Sci STKE 2003:PE4 47. Arnold DB, Heintz N (1997) A calcium responsive element that regulates ...
|p|Excitation-transcription coupling, linking stimulation at the cell surface to changes in nuclear gene expression, is conserved throughout eukaryotes. How closely related coexpressed transcription factors are differentially activated remains unclear. Here, we show that two Ca|sup|2+|/sup|-dependent transcription factor isoforms, NFAT1 and NFAT4, require distinct sub-cellular InsP|sub|3|/sub| and Ca|sup|2+|/sup| signals for physiologically sustained activation. NFAT1 is stimulated by sub-plasmalemmal Ca|sup|2+|/sup| microdomains, whereas NFAT4 additionally requires Ca|sup|2+|/sup| mobilization from the inner nuclear envelope by nuclear InsP|sub|3|/sub| receptors. NFAT1 is rephosphorylated (deactivated) more slowly than NFAT4 in both cytoplasm and nucleus, enabling a more prolonged activation phase. Oscillations in cytoplasmic Ca|sup|2+|/sup|, long considered the physiological form of Ca|sup|2+|/sup| signaling, play no role in activating either NFAT protein. Instead, effective sustained physiological
TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular pharmacology of store-operated CRAC channels. AU - Jairaman, Amit. AU - Prakriya, Murali. PY - 2013/9/1. Y1 - 2013/9/1. N2 - Calcium influx through store-operated Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels (CRAC channels) is a well-defined mechanism of generating cellular Ca2+ elevations that regulates many functions including gene expression, exocytosis, and cell proliferation. The identifications of the ER Ca2+ sensing proteins, STIM1-2 and the CRAC channel proteins, Orai1-3, have led to improved understanding of the physiological roles and the activation mechanism of CRAC channels. Defects in CRAC channel function are associated with serious human diseases such as immunodeficiency and auto-immunity. In this review, we discuss several pharmacological modulators of CRAC channels, focusing specifically on the molecular mechanism of drug action and their utility in illuminating the mechanism of CRAC channel operation and their physiological roles in different cells.. AB - ...
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Calcium dynamics and chromatin remodeling underlie heterogeneity in prolactin transcription. AU - Harper, Claire V. AU - Mcnamara, Anne. AU - Spiller, David. AU - Charnock, Jayne C. AU - White, Michael. AU - Davis, Julian. PY - 2020/10/5. Y1 - 2020/10/5. N2 - Pituitary cells have been reported to show spontaneous calcium oscillations and dynamic transcription cycles. To study both processes in the same living cell in real-time, we used rat pituitary GH3 cells stably expressing human prolactin-luciferase or prolactin-EGFP reporter gene constructs loaded with a fluorescent calcium indicator and measured activity using single cell time-lapse microscopy. We observed heterogeneity between clonal cells in the calcium activity and prolactin transcription in unstimulated conditions. There was a significant correlation between cells displaying spontaneous calcium spikes and cells showing spontaneous bursts in prolactin expression. Notably, cells showing nobasal calcium activity showed low ...
Calcium imaging is a scientific technique usually carried out in research which is designed to show the calcium (Ca2+) status of an isolated cell, tissue or medium. Calcium imaging techniques take advantage of so-called calcium indicators, fluorescent molecules that can respond to the binding of Ca2+ ions by changing their fluorescence properties. Two main classes of calcium indicators exist: chemical indicators and genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECI). Calcium imaging can be used to optically probe intracellular calcium in living animals. This technique has allowed studies of calcium signalling in a wide variety of cell types and neuronal activity in hundreds of neurons and glial cells within neuronal circuits . Chemical indicators are small molecules that can chelate calcium ions. All these molecules are based on an EGTA homologue called BAPTA, with high selectivity for calcium (Ca2+) ions versus magnesium (Mg2+) ions. This group of indicators includes fura-2, indo-1, fluo-3, fluo-4, ...
Calcium encoding (also referred to as Ca2+ encoding or calcium information processing) is an intracellular signaling pathway used by many cells to transfer, process and encode external information detected by the cell. In cell physiology, external information is often converted into intracellular calcium dynamics. The concept of calcium encoding explains how Ca2+ ions act as intracellular messengers, relaying information within cells to regulate their activity. Given the ubiquity of Ca2+ ions in cell physiology, Ca2+ encoding has also been suggested as a potential tool to characterize cell physiology in health and disease. The mathematical bases of Ca2+ encoding have been pioneered by work of Joel Keizer and Hans G. Othmer on calcium modeling in the 1990s and more recently they have been revisited by Eshel Ben-Jacob, Herbert Levine and co-workers. Although elevations of Ca2+ are necessary for it to act as a signal, prolonged increases of the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm can be lethal ...
Plant hormones, light receptors, pathogens, and abiotic signals trigger elevations in the cytosolic calcium concentration, which mediate physiological and developmental responses. Recent studies are reviewed here that reveal how specific genetic mutations impair or modify stimulus-induced calcium elevations in plant cells. These studies provide genetic evidence for the importance of calcium as a second messenger in plant signal transduction. A fundamental question arises: How can different stimuli use the same second messenger, calcium, to mediate different responses? Recent research and models are reviewed that suggest that several important mechanisms contribute to specificity in calcium signaling in plant cells. These mechanisms include (i) activation of different calcium channels in the plasma membrane and organellar membranes, (ii) stimulus-specific calcium oscillation parameters, (iii) cell type-specific responses, and (iv) intracellular localization of calcium gradients and calcium ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - STIM1 calcium sensor is required for activation of the phagocyte oxidase during in flammation and host defense. AU - Zhang, Hong. AU - Clemens, Regina A.. AU - Liu, Fengchun. AU - Hu, Yongmei. AU - Baba, Yoshihiro. AU - Theodore, Pierre. AU - Kurosaki, Tomohiro. AU - Lowell, Clifford A.. PY - 2014/4/3. Y1 - 2014/4/3. N2 - The stromal-interactingmolecule 1 (STIM1) is a potent sensor of intracellular calcium, which in turn regulates entry of external calcium through plasmamembrane channels to affect immune cell activation. Although the contribution of STIM1 to calcium signaling in lymphocytes has been well studied, the role of this protein in neutrophil-mediated inflammation and host defense is unknown. We report that STIM1-deficient murine neutrophils show loss of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in response to both soluble ligands that activate G-proteins as well as Fcγ-receptor or integrin ligation that activates tyrosine kinase signaling. This results in modest defects in ...
Ca+2; Serum calcium; Ca++; Hyperparathyroidism - calcium level; Osteoporosis - calcium level; Hypercalcemia - calcium level; Hypocalcemia - calcium level. The calcium blood test measures the level of calcium in the blood.. This article discusses the test to measure the total amount of calcium in your blood. About one half of the calcium in the blood is attached to proteins, mainly albumin.. A separate test that measures calcium that is not attached to proteins in your blood is sometimes performed. Such calcium is called free or ionized calcium ...
This paper utilizes the COMSOL Multiphysics® general form PDE interface and MATLAB® to model stochastic calcium waves in a sarcomere (basic unit of a heart cell). The model we present here shows the evolution of waves generated from calcium being released stochastically from sites modeled as point sources. The release sites are distributed on z-disc (planes) in a hexagonal pattern, and their opening allows calcium to diffuse and interact with different species of buffers. The release sites are sensitive to calcium levels and after opening and releasing calcium, undergo a refractory period during which they stay closed. The simulations obtained over a sarcomere domain shows individual stochastic releases of calcium self-organizing into propagating waves. ...
Taking too much calcium will actually cause you to absorb less of it. Its the bodys natural way of protecting itself. Take no more than 500 mg calcium at once. Excessive sodium, caffeine and alcohol intake can increase calcium loss, so its important to replace the calcium (and other minerals) you might be losing in these cases. People living in areas with high levels of calcium in the drinking water, or people who consume more calcium from their diet, may not need to supplement as much calcium. Oxalate and phytate compounds found in certain vegetables and grains reduce calcium absorption. If youre trying to get your calcium from vegetables in a non-dairy, non-supplemented diet, you may have to consume a lot more calcium from food than you would from milk or from a supplement.. Thats enough info for one sitting. Stay tuned for part 2 where we will examine the different forms of calcium used in calcium supplements and discover whats what and whats best!. Image by © 2011 Kalinovsky Dmitry ...
Important element in road towards development of new drugs for neurodegenerative diseases All living cells keep their cellular calcium concentration at a very low level. Since a small increase in calcium can affect many critical cellular functions (an elevated calcium concentration over an extended period can induce cell death), powerful cellular mechanisms ensure that calcium concentration quickly returns to its low level.. It is known that impairments of cellular calcium regulation underlie almost all neurodegenerative diseases. For example, age-related loss of calcium regulation was shown to promote cell vulnerability in Alzheimers disease.. In a study recently published in the Journal of Neuroscience, Hebrew University of Jerusalem researchers, along with others from Israel and the US, presented their findings of a previously undescribed cellular mechanism which is essential for keeping cellular calcium concentration low. This mechanism operates together with other already characterized ...
Calcium-imaging is a sensitive method for monitoring calcium dynamics during neuronal activity. As intracellular calcium concentration is correlated to physiological and pathophysiological activity of neurons, calcium imaging with fluorescent indicators is one of the most commonly used techniques in neuroscience today. Current methodologies for loading calcium dyes into the tissue require prolonged incubation time (45-150 min), in addition to dissection and recovery time after the slicing procedure. This prolonged incubation curtails experimental time, as tissue is typically maintained for 6-8 hours after slicing. Using a recently introduced recovery chamber that extends the viability of acute brain slices to more than 24 hours, we tested the effectiveness of calcium AM staining following long incubation periods post cell loading and its impact on the functional properties of calcium signals in acute brain slices and wholemount retinae. We show that calcium dyes remain within cells and are fully
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Dendritic spines compartmentalize synaptically-evoked biochemical signals. The authors show that electrical compartmentalization provided by a spine endows the associated synapse with additional modes of calcium signaling by shaping the kinetics of synaptic calcium currents.
These different types of calcium are used for their own special properties. The use of these calcium is safe, and most likely a healthy choice. By choosing to use these you are enabling your body to function properly and correctly. The three different types of calcium all have an important function and are used to boost the natural calcium in your body. These types of calcium can be found in the foods you eat, the drinks you drink, and the dietary supplements you use. Each of these has been found to improve your blood system, your muscles your bones, and your teeth. These are in the simplest form, the same as calcium with the exception that these actually help calcium do it what it needs to do in the body ...
Calcium is the mineral that our body uses in the largest quantities. Everyone knows Calcium is required to build bones and teeth but Calcium does so much more. It promotes blood clotting & healing. It is involved in regulating metabolism and in particular, the metabolism of fats. It is necessary to maintain the proper pH balance in the body, and Calcium helps regulate the blood pressure, leading to better cardiovascular health.*. Unfortunately, Calcium is a mineral of which most Americans do not get enough. While vitamin D can assist in the utilization of Calcium, it helps to begin with a form of calcium that is readily assimilable by the body. Our liquid ionic Calcium supplement is the most bio-available form you can get.*. ...
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Vitamin D is included in this product because it works synergistically with calcium to ensure proper blood levels of calcium. When the calcium level decreases, vitamin D sends signals to various tissues to help restore it: vitamin D stimulates the digestive tract to absorb more calcium from foods and supplements, signals the kidneys to retain more calcium rather than filtering it out, and also prompts the body to obtain some calcium from its primary storage site, the bones. For these reasons, its important to include vitamin D when supplementing with calcium. ...
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Calcium toxicity typically results from the intake of bad form of calcium or from your body not being able to utilise calcium properly, due to thyroid weakness, stress, acidosis, adrenal gland weakness, etc. Often calcium at toxic levels is at the same time combined with calcium deficiency, which seems contradictory but is not. This article discusses the good and bad types of calcium...
Dr. Lupo, I have now had 5 tests this year. Calcium 10.8 Ionized calcium 1.37 H (1.17-1.32) Calcium 10.2 PTH 17.7 Ionized Calcium 1.37 H Calcium 10.2 PTH 22.4 Ionized Calcium 1.37 H ...
Caffeine-induced calcium oscillations in heavy-sarcoplasmic-reticulum vesicles from rabbit skeletal muscle.: Heavy-sarcoplasmic-reticulum vesicles from rabbit s
Li, Ting and Yan, An and Bhatia, Neha et al. (2019) Calcium signals are necessary to establish auxin transporter polarity in a plant stem cell niche. Nature Communications, 10 . Art. No. 726. ISSN 2041-1723. PMCID PMC6374474. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190213-155805773 ...
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Its hard for us to consume a sufficient amount of calcium because its so easily depleted from our bodies. Factors that contribute to calcium depletion include age, stress, hormonal imbalances, environmental pollutants, nutrient depleted farmlands and, most of all, a diet of highly refined processed foods.. Picture a full cup with a hole in the bottom. Traditional calcium supplements act offensively, trying to keep the cup full. Progressive products not only work to meet your calcium needs, they also work defensively against the depletion of our existing calcium stores, patching the leaky cup so you can get the greatest possible benefit.. Age and Gender Specific ...
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Calcium in living cells by M. J. Whitaker; 1 edition; First published in 2010; Subjects: Calcium Channels, Cultured Cells, SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Anatomy & Physiology, Cells, Signal Transduction, Humans, Calcium, Cellular signal transduction, Intracellular calcium, Metabolism
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Komal Patel Calcium dissolves in the stomach and is absorbed through the lining of the small intestine into the blood stream Once in the blood stream calcium builds bone regulates the expansion and contraction of the blood vessels and performs other important functions Check out for factors which hinders calcium absorbtion calcium absorption factors nutrition
WEVE ALL HEARD calcium builds strong bones and is key to preventing osteoporosis. But did you know taking in the right amount of calcium also has a huge effect on our oral health? Foster Dental Care explores this topic: Calcium Benefits Our Oral Health Does calcium really make a difference in our oral health? The answer is yes! […]. Read More…. ...
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May 13, 2016· Acid calcium silies are represented in the mineral kingdom by gyrolite, H 2 Ca 2 (SiO 3) 3 ·H 2 O, a lime zeolite, sometimes regarded as an altered form of apophyllite (q.v.), which is itself an acid calcium silie containing an alkaline fluoride, by okenite, H 2 Ca(SiO 3) 2 ·H 2 O, and by xonalite 4CaSiO 3 ·H 2 O. Calcium silie is ...
... is the use of calcium ions (Ca2+) to communicate and drive intracellular processes often as a step in signal ... Nanodomain European Calcium Society Clapham DE (December 2007). "Calcium signaling". Cell. 131 (6): 1047-58. doi:10.1016/j.cell ... ISBN 978-1-4641-2610-9. Baylor SM, Hollingworth S (May 2011). "Calcium indicators and calcium signalling in skeletal muscle ... The most common signaling pathway that increases cytoplasmic calcium concentration is the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway. Many ...
... is a calcium mediated signalling pathway that Arabidopsis plants use in order to respond to a ... Yuan P, Yang T, Poovaiah BW (December 2018). "Calcium Signaling-Mediated Plant Response to Cold Stress". International Journal ... Arabidopsis, Calcium signaling, Calcium channels, Ions, Stimulants). ... receptor system in cells where they integrate the signal and respond with the activation of defense genes. These calcium ...
Evidence points to this signaling cascade as a major mediator of calcium signaling in cell division. Historically, one of the ... as calcium appears to play a role at multiple cell cycle checkpoints. The major downstream calcium effectors are the calcium- ... suggesting checkpoints require a calcium-dependent signaling mechanism Entry into S-phase is calcium dependent. Depleting ... Calcium acts both to modulate intracellular signaling as a secondary messenger and to facilitate structural changes as cells ...
... 1 (Epithelial cell adhesion molecule, EpCAM) Tumor-associated calcium signal ... Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer (TACSTD) is the name of two human proteins and the genes that encode them: ... transducer 2 This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer. If ...
Calcium, Calcium signaling, Dietary minerals, Nutrition, Signal transduction). ... In contrast, ionized calcium is a measure of free calcium. An abnormally high level of calcium in plasma is termed ... Different tissues contain calcium in different concentrations. For instance, Ca2+ (mostly calcium phosphate and some calcium ... Although young leaves have a higher need for calcium, older leaves contain higher amounts of calcium because calcium is ...
Calcium signaling). ... The majority of calcium ions within the cell are bound to ... calcium buffers minimise the effect on changes in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration by binding calcium to or releasing ... Calcium buffering describes the processes which help stabilise the concentration of free calcium ions within cells, in a ... As a result, 99% of the calcium added to the cytosol of a cardiomyocyte during each cardiac cycle becomes bound to calcium ...
Shahidul (ed.). Calcium Signaling. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 740. pp. 1219-47. doi:10.1007/978-94-007 ... Antiepileptic drugs can control absence seizures by inhibiting the T-type calcium channels which prevents low-voltage calcium ... T-type calcium channels have been known to play a role in the spike-and-wave discharges of absence seizures. ... The T-type calcium channel is found in neurons throughout the brain. These channels produce particularly large currents in ...
Calcium is, therefore, a cell signaling molecule, and not usually considered a cofactor of the enzymes it regulates. Other ... Clapham DE (2007). "Calcium signaling". Cell. 131 (6): 1047-58. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.028. PMID 18083096. S2CID 15087548. ... Calcium is another special case, in that it is required as a component of the human diet, and it is needed for the full ... Niki I, Yokokura H, Sudo T, Kato M, Hidaka H (October 1996). "Ca2+ signaling and intracellular Ca2+ binding proteins". Journal ...
Calcium Signaling Protocols. Humana Press, 2006 (Articles without KEGG source, Pages using collapsible list with both ... Fluo-3 is a fluorescence indicator of intracellular calcium (Ca2+), developed by Roger Y. Tsien and colleagues. It is used to ... Once inside the cell, unspecific esterases cleave the ester effectively trapping fluo-3. As calcium is a key second messenger ... Cheng, H.; Lederer, W.J.; Cannell, M.B. (1993). "Calcium Sparks - Elementary Events Underlying Excitation-Contraction Coupling ...
... is a positive modulator of calcium flux mediated by the STIM-ORAI signaling in vertebrates. STIMATE can physically ... Oh-hora, Masatsugu; Rao, Anjana (2008-01-01). "Calcium signaling in lymphocytes". Current Opinion in Immunology. 20 (3): 250- ... reduces the puncta formation of STIM1 at ER-PM junctions and remarkably inhibits the calcium/calcineurin/NFAT signaling axis. ... thereby coupling to and gating the ORAI calcium channels on the plasma membrane. Depletion of TMEM110 with RNAi knockdown or ...
Marambaud P, Dreses-Werringloer U, Vingtdeux V (2009). "Calcium signaling in neurodegeneration". Mol Neurodegener. 4 (1): 20. ... The activated motor neurons then transmit their signals, via action potential, to motor neurons in the spinal cord. However, ... During this time, microglia generate reactive oxygen species and release signals to recruit peripheral immune cells for an ... Alpha-synuclein activates ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated), a major DNA damage repair signaling kinase. Alpha-synuclein ...
Nicholls DG (2005). "Mitochondria and calcium signaling". Cell Calcium. 38 (3-4): 311-7. doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2005.06.011. PMID ... load and oxidative stress The mitochondrial calcium uniporter which transports calcium from the cytosol of the cell into the ... Sam50 and Sam35 are responsible for the binding of precursors of β-barrel proteins, which contain conserved β-signal that is ... Yamano K, Yatsukawa Y, Esaki M, Hobbs AE, Jensen RE, Endo T (February 2008). "Tom20 and Tom22 share the common signal ...
See reference for an illustration of the signaling cascade involving L-type calcium channels in smooth muscle). L-type calcium ... opening of the L-type calcium channel permits influx of calcium into the cell. The calcium binds to the calcium release ... Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), also known as voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), are a group of voltage-gated ... Rosenberg SS, Spitzer NC (October 2011). "Calcium signaling in neuronal development". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in ...
On top of his extensive discoveries, he has also written influential reviews on calcium signalling in plants, which have 3,300 ... Dodd, Antony N.; Kudla, Jörg; Sanders, Dale (2010). "The language of calcium signaling". Annual Review of Plant Biology. 61: ... Their speculations that the TPC1 channel is involved in Calcium-induced calcium release were proven for the first time in ... "The Language of Calcium Signaling". Annual Review of Plant Biology. 61 (1): 593-620. doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-070109-104628 ...
Finch, Elizabeth A.; Augustine, George J. (1998). "Local Calcium Signalling by Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate in Purkinje Cell ... Augustine, George J.; Santamaria, Fidel; Tanaka, Keiko (2003). "Local Calcium Signaling in Neurons". Neuron. 40 (2): 311-346. ... showing that it is triggered by a remarkably local calcium signal. He has been influential in discovering the role of several ... ISBN 978-1-60535-380-7. Augustine, George J.; Charlton, Milton P.; Smith, Stephen J. (1987). "Calcium Action in Synaptic ...
2012.) Calcium Signaling in Dendritic Spines. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. Retrieved from http://cshperspectives ... Therefore, heterosynaptic dopamine signaling in mammals can be best represented by dopamine's biological functions of mediating ...
2012.) Calcium Signaling in Dendritic Spines. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. Retrieved from http://cshperspectives ... Ca2+ is one signaling ion that causes this AMPA receptor density change by inducing a cascade of biological changes within the ... According to Hebb, these two cells are strengthened because their signaling occurs together in space and/or time, also known as ... In order to create input-specific changes in synaptic strength, the Ca2+ signal must be restricted to specific dendritic spines ...
This work eventually led to the identification of key channel proteins involved in calcium signaling in immune and other non- ... While continuing to investigate Fc𝛆RI biology, his lab also began to study calcium signaling in immune cells. ... Vig, Monika; Kinet, Jean-Pierre (January 2009). "Calcium signaling in immune cells". Nature Immunology. 10 (1): 21-27. doi: ... is a French-American immunologist known for his work studying the role of calcium signaling in the immune response. He is a ...
Brini, Marisa; Calì, Tito; Ottolini, Denis; Carafoli, Ernesto (2013). "Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis and Signaling". ... Chlorine, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus have important roles due to their ready ionization and utility in ... "Calcium". Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2019. ... Miriyala, Sumitra; K. Holley, Aaron; St Clair, Daret K. (1 February 2011). "Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase - Signals of ...
Verkhratsky A, Orkand RK, Kettenmann H (1998). "Glial calcium: homeostasis and signaling function". Physiol. Rev. 78: 99-141. ... Xenopus oocyte calcium waves, and glial calcium waves in cortical tissue culture. Winfree AT. (2001). The Geometry of ... Lechleiter J, Girard S, Peralta E, Clapham D (1991). "Spiral calcium wave propagation and annihilation in Xenopus laevis ...
... has a suppressive effect on calcium signaling from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in the proliferative cells. Also, ... Yamaguchi M (March 2000). "Role of regucalcin in calcium signaling". Life Sciences. 66 (19): 1769-80. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(99 ... Yamaguchi M (August 2012). "Role of regucalcin in brain calcium signaling: involvement in aging". Integrative Biology. 4 (8): ... Yamaguchi M (May 2014). "Regulatory role of regucalcin in heart calcium signaling: Insight into cardiac failure (Review)". ...
NFAT activation depends on calcium signaling. IP3 produced by PLC-γ is no longer bound to the membrane and diffuses rapidly in ... Signal 1 is provided by the T-cell receptor when recognising a specific antigen on a MHC molecule. Signal 2 comes from co- ... The signalling motifs involved in TCR signalling are tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of these adaptor proteins that ... Binding of IP3 to calcium channel receptors on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induces the release of calcium (Ca2+) into the ...
... is a small, stable protein containing EF-hand type calcium binding sites. It is involved in calcium signaling. ... Therefore, calcium-binding proteins must distinguish calcium in the presence of high concentrations of other metal ions. The ... Calcium binding proteins like parvalbumin play a role in many physiological processes, namely cell-cycle regulation, second ... Other calcium-binding protein markers are calretinin (most abundant subtype in DLPFC, about 50%) and calbindin. Interneurons ...
... an essential step in calcium signaling to regulate intracellular processes. There are four major classes, termed A, B, C, and D ... "Role of protons in calcium signaling". The Biochemical Journal. 478 (4): 895-910. doi:10.1042/BCJ20200971. ISSN 1470-8728. PMID ... Acids trigger the release of bound calcium from cellular stores and the consequent increase in free cytosolic Ca2+, ... PLCs play a central role in signal transduction, releasing the second messenger inositol triphosphate. Phospholipase D - ...
Verkhratsky, Alexei; Untiet, Verena; Rose, Christine R. (7 February 2019). "Ionic signalling in astroglia beyond calcium". The ... Verkhratsky, Alexej; Orkand, Richard K.; Kettenmann, Helmut (1998). "Glial calcium: homeostasis and signaling function". ... calcium signalling, and brain ageing. He is an elected member and vice-president of Academia Europaea, of the German National ... which create ionic signals coordinated in space and time; these ionic signals control the activity of astroglial homeostatic ...
Bazargani, N; Attwell, D (February 2016). "Astrocyte calcium signaling: the third wave". Nature Neuroscience. 19 (2): 182-9. ... A current theory of how such survival signals are sent from axon endings to the soma includes the idea that NGF receptors are ... 2004). "Trafficking the NGF signal: implications for normal and degenerating neurons". NGF and Related Molecules in Health and ... and this produces a signal that must be transported up the length of the axon to the nucleus. ...
... (also referred to as Ca2+ encoding or calcium information processing) is an intracellular signaling pathway ... allowing intercellular propagation of calcium signaling. With this regard, the same mode of calcium encoding could be shared by ... Berridge, M. J. and Bootman, M. D. and Roderick, H. L. (2003). "Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling" (PDF ... Therefore, three classes of Ca2+ signals can be distinguished on the basis of their encoding mode: AM encoding Ca2+ signals: ...
Cantiello HF (June 2004). "Regulation of calcium signaling by polycystin-2". American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology. ... and may modulate intracellular calcium homeostasis and other signal transduction pathways. This protein interacts with ...
Perea, Gertrudis (September 2005). "Glial calcium signaling and neuron-glia communication". Cell Calcium. 38 (3-4): 375-382. ... Perea, Gertrudis (16 March 2005). "Properties of Synaptically Evoked Astrocyte Calcium Signal Reveal Synaptic Information ... Through changes in their calcium concentration excitability, astrocytes are able to detect neurotransmitters and other signals ... astrocytes are capable of producing transient changes in their intracellular calcium concentrations through release of calcium ...
"Chapter 5 Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis and Signaling". In Banci, Lucia (Ed.). Metallomics and the Cell. Metal Ions in Life ... Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also References Calcium - Calcium ions (Ca2+) contribute to ... Eyes signal information which is used by the brain to elicit the perception of color, shape, depth, movement, and other ... Many enzymes require calcium ions as a cofactor, those of the blood-clotting cascade being notable examples. Extracellular ...
Jo DG, Jun JI, Chang JW, Hong YM, Song S, Cho DH, Shim SM, Lee HJ, Cho C, Kim DH, Jung YK (2004). "Calcium binding of ARC ... Li PF, Li J, Müller EC, Otto A, Dietz R, von Harsdorf R (2002). "Phosphorylation by protein kinase CK2: a signaling switch for ... contains novel nuclear localization signals, and causes cell death in cultured cells". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (4): 2647-53. doi: ...
These signals are usually in the form of water-soluble messengers such as hormones and growth factors and are detected by ... About 99% of a human's body weight is made up of the elements carbon, nitrogen, calcium, sodium, chlorine, potassium, hydrogen ... These signals are then transmitted inside the cell by second messenger systems that often involved the phosphorylation of ... Firstly, the regulation of an enzyme in a pathway is how its activity is increased and decreased in response to signals. ...
One mechanism of cell destruction is through initiating calcium increase, which harms the mitochondria and increases the level ... which likely induce the signaling pathway necessary for the eventual translation of this protein, are unknown. Granulysin is ...
This is referred to as "delivery en caul". Complete expulsion of the baby signals the successful completion of the second stage ... The most widely used tocolytics include beta agonists, calcium channel blockers, and magnesium sulfate. The goal of ...
It later becomes incorporated into the CatSper complex, a specialized calcium ion channel that enables spermatozoa motility. ... March 2014). "Hsp70 and Hsp90 oppositely regulate TGF-β signaling through CHIP/Stub1". Biochemical and Biophysical Research ...
"Pope's Slovakia visit sends signal after brief Hungary stop". BBC News. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021. "It's ... it is rich in calcium, protein, and iron, among other nutrients, and could potentially fight altitude sickness- a popular ...
By inhibiting the Cdc42/PAK signalling pathway, miR-137 decreases proliferation, invasion and G0/G1 cell cycle progression of ... Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit), DPYD (Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP+]), CACNB2 (Voltage- ... cell cycle signalling and mouse embryonic stem cell development. Balaguer et al. identified a list of 32 genes targeted by miR- ... dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2), TSSK6 (Testis-Specific Serine Kinase 6), NT5DC2 (Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase), ...
Fluoride has a high tendency to react with the calcium hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 in tooth enamel due to its high affinity ... Inhibition of metalloproteins slows down multiple signalling pathways and disrupts cellular organelles, subsequently producing ... For instance, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate are added as abrasives to remove dental plaque on teeth, while ... It subsequently replaces the hydroxide group in hydroxyapatite to precipitate calcium fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3)F. These ...
The Mn2+ ion gives a hyperintense signal in T1-weighted MRI and thus serves as a contrast agent. Mn2+ enters through voltage ... dependent calcium channels, is taken into intracellular organelles and is transported by the endogenous neuronal transport ...
The reproductive-cell cycle theory suggests that aging is regulated by changes in hormonal signaling over the lifespan. Only a ... Williams suggested the following example: Perhaps a gene codes for calcium deposition in bones, which promotes juvenile ... survival and will therefore be favored by natural selection; however, this same gene promotes calcium deposition in the ...
Jiang Y, Lee A, Chen J, Cadene M, Chait BT, MacKinnon R (May 2002). "Crystal structure and mechanism of a calcium-gated ... Found along the axon and at the synapse, voltage-gated ion channels directionally propagate electrical signals. Voltage-gated ... Voltage-gated sodium channels and calcium channels are made up of a single polypeptide with four homologous domains. Each ... With sixteen different identified genes for human calcium channels, this type of channel differs in function between cell types ...
Duchen at the University College London, Khodorov was studying calcium homeostasis, glutamate excitotoxicity and mitochondrial ... There in 2001 he founded the Laboratory of Ion Transport Pathology and Intracellular Signaling. Khodorov published over 175 ... "Mitochondrial deenergization underlies neuronal calcium overload following a prolonged glutamate challenge". FEBS Lett. 397 (2- ...
Shader RI (April 2017). "Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS), Pemoline, and What Is a Signal?". Clin Ther. 39 (4 ... pemoline calcium, pemoline chromium, and chelates of the above which are identical in weight to the salt mentioned. Pemoline ...
This increased presence of calcium is what allows for the force of contraction to be increased. In the case of patients where ... For example, the Na⁺-K⁺ pump interacts directly with Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, to form a signaling receptor complex ... It also functions as a signal transducer/integrator to regulate the MAPK pathway, reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as ... The downstream signals through ouabain-triggered protein phosphorylation events include activation of the mitogen-activated ...
Calcium-sensitive dyes have shown that internal concentrations of calcium increase during bursts. The activation of different ... The pre-BötC complex operates in animals as part of a larger network that receives critical information and signaling inputs ... Other research has also suggested that calcium flow through N-type calcium channels is essential for normal breathing, and is ... voltage gated calcium channels become activated and calcium is able to flow into the cell which usually leads to the release of ...
For example, a technique known as calcium imaging measures the fluorescence intensity of calcium-sensitive dyes to assess ... On the other hand, the fast rotation of smaller molecules will result in a depolarization of the signal. The emission system of ... Lin, Kedan; Sadée, Wolfgang; Mark Quillan, J. (1999-02-01). "Rapid Measurements of Intracellular Calcium Using a Fluorescence ... and measures the signal using a light detector such as a photomultiplier tube (PMT). The advantages of fluorescence detection ...
In addition, calcium hydroxide commonly being produced by calcination of calcium carbonate releases yet more carbon dioxide ... signaled "strong policy support for maritime decarbonization through their 'Fit For 55' (FF55) proposal, a package of 14 ... usually calcium sulfate if flue gases are scrubbed by being passed through calcium hydroxide solution) which would have to be ...
Calcium release from IP3 sensitive calcium stores activates calcium dependent chloride channels. These chloride channels ... In order for a contraction to occur, a hormone or neurocrine signal must induce the smooth muscle cell to have an action ... The specific mechanism for the contraction of smooth muscle in the GI tract depends upon IP3R calcium release channels in the ... Longitudinal muscle fibers depend on calcium influx into the cell for excitation-contraction coupling, while circular muscle ...
The influx of calcium begins a cascade of events within the cell. Calcium first binds to calmodulin to form CaM. CaM will then ... a mechanism for attenuation of olfactory signals". Neuron. 21 (3): 495-504. doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80561-9. PMID 9768837. ... When the neuron is depolarizing, the CNG ion channel is open allowing sodium and calcium to rush into the cell. ... resulting in an influx of sodium and calcium ions into the cell, and an efflux of chloride ions. This influx of positive ions ...
This signaling cascade directly links Galectin-9 intracellular function with ubiqutin systems. Galectin-9, through its ... "Galectin-9 induces apoptosis through the calcium-calpain-caspase-1 pathway". Journal of Immunology. 170 (7): 3631-6. doi: ... Vaitaitis GM, Wagner DH (2012). "Galectin-9 controls CD40 signaling through a Tim-3 independent mechanism and redirects the ... and signaling pathways inducing lysosomal permeabilization such as those initiated by TRAIL. Mild lysosomal damage, such as ...
Some of the hormones which signal the tubules to alter the reabsorption or secretion rate, and thereby maintain homeostasis, ... In the presence of parathyroid hormone, the distal convoluted tubule reabsorbs more calcium and secretes more phosphate. When ... Substances reabsorbed include: water, sodium chloride, glucose, amino acids, lactate, magnesium, calcium phosphate, uric acid, ... calcium, phosphate), atrial natriuretic peptide (sodium) and brain natriuretic peptide (sodium). A countercurrent system in the ...
Three correlated signals were observed that matched the predicted alpha decay energies of 299120 and its daughter 295Og, as ... was first attempted in 1985 by bombarding a target of einsteinium-254 with calcium-48 ions at the superHILAC accelerator at ...
Signals from motor neurons cause skeletal muscle fibers to depolarize and therefore release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic ... The calcium drives the movement of myosin and actin filaments. The sarcomere then shortens which causes the muscle to contract ... These cells respond to signals from the autonomic nervous system to either increase or decrease the heart rate. Pacemaker cells ... Striated muscle tissue contains T-tubules which enables the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Skeletal ...
... this approach uses the information of scattered light to reconstruct the original light signals. This approach requires the ... using two-photon scanning microscopy to visualize neurons and their activity by imaging fluorescence emitted from calcium ... "The Wigner distribution function applied to optical signals and systems" (All articles with unsourced statements, Articles with ...
... and enhanced gastrointestinal calcium absorption as a result of higher levels of prolactin or placental lactose signaling ( ... Excessive consumption of calcium generally means taking in more than 4 to 5 g of calcium carbonate every day. This can be ... However, excessive ingestion of calcium of more than 10-15 g per day has been reported to cause calcium levels too high for ... Generally, the daily intake of less than 2 grams of calcium is considered to be safe. Prior to starting any calcium ...
Soy, walnuts, fiber, calcium supplements, and iron supplements can also adversely affect absorption. A study found that cow's ... "Monitoring FDA MedWatch Reports: Signals for Dabigatran and Metoclopramide" (PDF). QuarterWatch. Institute for Safe Medication ... Sevelamer with calcium carbonate may decrease the bioavailability of levothyroxine. Grapefruit juice may delay the absorption ...
A coronary CT calcium scan is a computed tomography (CT) scan of the heart for the assessment of severity of coronary artery ... Faint electromagnetic signals are emitted by these hydrogen atoms when their alignment is temporarily disturbed which can be ... A typical coronary CT calcium scan is done without the use of radiocontrast, but it can possibly be done from contrast-enhanced ... "Heart scan (coronary calcium scan)". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 9 August 2015. Neves, Priscilla Ornellas; Andrade, Joalbo; Monção, ...
hypercalcemia (via calcium-sensing receptors) Gastrin release is inhibited by: the presence of acid (primarily the secreted HCl ... Rozengurt E, Walsh JH (2001). "Gastrin, CCK, signaling, and cancer". Annual Review of Physiology. 63: 49-76. doi:10.1146/ ... "Calcium-sensing receptor is a physiologic multimodal chemosensor regulating gastric G-cell growth and gastrin secretion". ...
The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) is a mosaic protein of 839 amino acids (after removal of 21-amino acid signal ... Calcium cages, acid baths and recycling receptors". Nature. 388 (6643): 629-30. Bibcode:1997Natur.388..629B. doi:10.1038/41672 ... Exon 1 contains a signal sequence that localises the receptor to the endoplasmic reticulum for transport to the cell surface. ... Additionally, each repeat has highly conserved acidic residues which it uses to coordinate a single calcium ion in an ...
... that modulates calcium signaling through the IP3 receptor. In humans, the σ1 receptor is encoded by the SIGMAR1 gene. The σ1 ... The wide scope and effect of ligand binding on σ1 receptors has led some to believe that σ1 receptors are intracellular signal ... Hayashi T, Su TP (November 2007). "Sigma-1 receptor chaperones at the ER-mitochondrion interface regulate Ca(2+) signaling and ... even though σ1 receptors have been linked circumstantially to a wide variety of signal transduction pathways. Links between σ1 ...
... protease and other calcium-regulating factors involved in calcium signaling. Calcium signaling plays a pivotal role in the ... Signal transduction plays a pivotal role in cellular regulation.. Calcium signaling is probably the most ubiquitous cellular ... New Developments in Calcium Signaling Research. $98.00. Masayoshi Yamaguchi, PhD (Editor) Series: New Developments in Medical ... Home / Shop / Series / New Developments in Medical Research / New Developments in Calcium Signaling Research. ...
... and enhance Ca2+ signaling and T cell activation. Conversely, some co-receptors can dampen Ca2+ signaling and inhibit T cell ... Here we review these recent findings and discuss how our improved understanding of CD5 Ca2+ signaling regulation could be ... the co-receptor CD5 has been known to act as a negative regulator of T cell activation and to alter Ca2+ signaling and T cell ... causing an increase of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration. Co-receptors stabilize interactions between the TCR and its ...
... cAMP-PKA-calcium signaling. PKA can drive internal calcium release and promote calcium flow through NMDAR and calcium channels ... calcium activates adenylyl cyclases to produce more cAMP-PKA signaling. Excessive levels of cAMP-calcium signaling can have a ... driving calcium overload of mitochondria to induce inflammation and dendritic atrophy. Thus, calcium-cAMP signaling must be ... The genie in the bottle-magnified calcium signaling in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Mol Psychiatry. 2021 Aug;26(8):3684-3700. ...
Nonlinear super-resolution signal processing for subcellular analysis of calcium dynamics. View ORCID ProfileNiccolò Calcini, ... Nonlinear super-resolution signal processing for subcellular analysis of calcium dynamics Message Subject (Your Name) has ... Here we present a new method for the analysis of calcium signals, called ARES, in which a sliding window is used to predict the ... However, the slow dynamics of both the calcium signal itself and its indicators make it difficult to relate the timing and ...
Basal Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes was inversely related to temperature. Phototoxicity contributed to the high basal activity ... This is the first time lysosomes were shown to play a role in astrocytic Ca2+ signaling. Extracellular degradation of NAADP+ to ... In a separate series of experiments, it was found that increased Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes in perfused acute cortical slices ... These findings suggest that NAADP+ is a functional signalling molecule, adding to the complexity of information encoding by ...
Localized Calcium Signaling and the Control of Coupling at Cx36 Gap Junctions Keith B. Moore, Cheryl K. Mitchell, Ya-Ping Lin, ... Transmembrane Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase is a Novel Regulator of Calcium Signaling in Astrocytes Nadiya Byts, Subodh Sharma, Jenny ...
Models of Calcium Signalling - Author: Dupont, Geneviève - Price: 109,10€ ... Models of Calcium Signalling. 109,10€. Add to cart. Ebook, PDF with Adobe DRM. ISBN: 9783319296470. DRM Restrictions. Printing ... 5. Nonlinear Dynamics of Calcium. Geneviève Dupont, Martin Falcke, Vivien Kirk, James Sneyd. Part II. Specific Models. 6. ... 2. The Calcium Toolbox. Geneviève Dupont, Martin Falcke, Vivien Kirk, James Sneyd. 3. Basic Modelling Principles: Deterministic ...
regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling. go back to main search page ... regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling. 3. regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by modulation ... regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling. 3. regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by modulation ... Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals ...
Proteomics links the redox state to calcium signaling during bleaching of the scleractinian coral acropora microphthalma on ... Proteomics links the redox state to calcium signaling during bleaching of the scleractinian coral acropora microphthalma on ...
You are here: Home / Exposures / Cui, Kaandorp, 2008 / Simulating Complex Calcium-Calcineurin Signaling Network ... Simulating Complex Calcium-Calcineurin Signaling Network. License and Citation. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons ...
Press-News.org) Waste removal in worms reveals new mechanism to regulate calcium signaling. ... "In many cases, calcium signaling is absolutely central. The rise and fall of calcium is the molecular clock that times the ... Press-News.org] Waste removal in worms reveals new mechanism to regulate calcium signaling. Contact Information:. Emily Boynton ... Press-News.org) Calcium is so much more than the mineral that makes our bones and teeth strong: It is a ubiquitous signaling ...
In order to investigate the combined effects of WSS and dynamic ATP signals on the intracellular calcium dynamic in VECs, a Y- ... Cellular experimental results also suggest that a combination of WSS and ATP signals rather than a WSS signal alone might play ... However, the effects of time-varying ATP signals have been usually neglected in the past investigations in the field of VEC ... on the bottom of its mixing micro-channel with stimuli of WSS signal alone and different combinations of WSS and ATP signals in ...
... the current study examines broad behavioral performance and neuronal Ca2+ signaling in mice receiving a sustained infusion ... infusion of lupus CSF and autoantibodies on behavioral phenotype and neuronal calcium signaling ... b The calcium response to 1:25 CNS SLE CSF #4 exhibited a fast transient after 3 s that was followed by a slower component ... c Anti-NR2A evoked a fast calcium transient that peaked at 6 s and a slow component that peaked after 3 min and could not be ...
Author(s): Liburdy, R.P.; Yost, M.G.
Dive into the research topics of Mitochondria structure and position in the local control of calcium signals in smooth muscle ... Mitochondria structure and position in the local control of calcium signals in smooth muscle cells. ...
Based on a compartmental model of spine calcium dynamics, we propose that this biased distribution in calcium signals is ... Based on a compartmental model of spine calcium dynamics, we propose that this biased distribution in calcium signals is ... Based on a compartmental model of spine calcium dynamics, we propose that this biased distribution in calcium signals is ... Based on a compartmental model of spine calcium dynamics, we propose that this biased distribution in calcium signals is ...
... Combining the use of mechanical ... The researchers reported their results in the paper, Calcium signaling in live cells on elastic gels under mechanical vibration ... The researchers focused on intracellular signaling of calcium ions because their concentration has been shown to "play crucial ... "Abnormal calcium responses of diseased cells under this mechanical stimulation could be utilized as a signature/biomarker to ...
download Calcium Signaling Protocols in your mixture material. 2008-2018 ResearchGate GmbH. This download Calcium Signaling is ... Download Calcium Signaling Protocols 1999. Walters said up and down the download Calcium behind the two mitotic models, a book ... You re download Calcium Signaling is nt need! You can have a reference from and be your numbers. sensitive letters will as ... With the download Calcium Signaling driving around them thicker than suddenly, they sent it more 64-bit than aboard to handle ...
... an inhibitor of IP3R calcium release channel and SOCE pathway, effectively blocked increase in calcium caused by LPZ, thus ... Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) persisted at a high concentration, thereby causing endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and ... In vitro, the effects of lansoprazole and related signaling pathways in MC3T3-E1 cells were investigated by CCK-8 assays, EdU ... In vitro, we found that lansoprazole (LPZ) could cause calcium overload in MC3T3-E1 cells leading to apoptosis, and 2-APB, ...
... spheroidal structures that retain their functional capacity for pH regulation and intracellular Ca2+ signaling. This new 3D ... the HAT-7 spheroids were able to regulate their intracellular pH and to show intracellular calcium responses to extracellular ... Calcium Signaling. Previous work has shown that transepithelial HCO3− secretion by HAT-7 cells in 2D culture is stimulated by ... Calcium signaling in HAT-7 spheroids was also investigated in the present study. According to the current classification, ...
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Deciphering calcium signaling during chordate development Calcium signaling is important for many developmental processes but ... A recent study sheds light on the importance of calcium waves during development in the tunicate Oikopleura dioica. ...
Calcium Signaling in excitable cells, nervous system regeneration. Kazuhiro Aoki, PhD Associate Professor; Technical Director, ... Molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration, with a focus on the upstream, non-neuronal signals that trigger the onset of ...
Simultaneous augmentation of muscle and bone by locomomimetism through calcium-PGC-1α signaling *Takehito Ono ... Mitochondrial complex I activity signals ERK5 expression. The previous experiments had shown that OXPHOS generates a signal ... Garaude, J., Kaminski, S., Cherni, S., Hipskind, R. A. & Villalba, M. The Role of ERK5 in T-Cell Signalling. Scand J Immunol 62 ... Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and II signals ERK5 expression. (A) Erk5 and Nrf2 mRNA expression in the liver of wild- ...
... profiling of calcium-induced human keratinocytes differentiation reveals modulation of unfolded protein response signaling ... profiling of calcium-induced human keratinocytes differentiation reveals modulation of unfolded protein response signaling ...
Switching from Simple to Complex Oscillations in Calcium Signaling * Switching from Simple to Complex Oscillations in Calcium ... You are here: Home / Exposures / Switching from Simple to Complex Oscillations in Calcium Signaling / Switching from Simple to ... Switching from Simple to Complex Oscillations in Calcium Signaling, Kummer, U., Olsen, L.F, Dixon, C.J., Green, A.K, Bornberg- ... Derived from workspace Switching from Simple to Complex Oscillations in Calcium Signaling at changeset 146aaa791f91. ...
BIN2 orchestrates platelet calcium signaling in thrombosis and thrombo-inflammation * 262 views ...
... signaling. In this work we used in vitro enzyme assays to show the presence of a novel NAADP synthesizing enzyme in human sperm ... signaling in spermatozoa plays a crucial role during processes such as capacitation and release of the acrosome, but the ... ADP-ribosyl cyclase, Acidic stores, Calcium, NAADP, Sperm, cADPR, Calcium, Calcium Signaling, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Male, ... Characterization of NAADP-mediated calcium signaling in human spermatozoa. Sánchez-Tusie AA., Vasudevan SR., Churchill GC., ...
Peripheral? Not Really! The Extracellular Arabinogalactan Proteins Function in Calcium Signaling September 17, 2020. /in Blog, ... indicating altered intracellular calcium signals. Together these results provide a solid step towards validating the AGP-Ca2+ ... A Chloroplast-derived Signal Attenuates Growth in Red Light by Acting on the... Plant Science Research Weekly: 18 September ... The glucuronic acids of AGPs have been shown in vitro to bind calcium in a pH-dependent manner, leading to the "AGP-Ca2+ ...
Characterization of Calcium Signaling Proteins in Toxoplasma Gondii *. * Investigators. Arrizabalaga, Gustavo * Funding Source ...

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