Calcium signaling. Medical search

Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.

Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.

Calcium compounds used as food supplements or in food to supply the body with calcium. Dietary calcium is needed during growth for bone development and for maintenance of skeletal integrity later in life to prevent osteoporosis.

Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.

Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.

Stable calcium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element calcium, but differ in atomic weight. Ca-42-44, 46, and 48 are stable calcium isotopes.

A salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magnesium poisoning.

Long-lasting voltage-gated CALCIUM CHANNELS found in both excitable and nonexcitable tissue. They are responsible for normal myocardial and vascular smooth muscle contractility. Five subunits (alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, gamma, and delta) make up the L-type channel. The alpha-1 subunit is the binding site for calcium-based antagonists. Dihydropyridine-based calcium antagonists are used as markers for these binding sites.

The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.

The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.

Unstable isotopes of calcium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ca atoms with atomic weights 39, 41, 45, 47, 49, and 50 are radioactive calcium isotopes.

Inorganic compounds that contain calcium as an integral part of the molecule.

CALCIUM CHANNELS that are concentrated in neural tissue. Omega toxins inhibit the actions of these channels by altering their voltage dependence.

A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.

Agents that increase calcium influx into calcium channels of excitable tissues. This causes vasoconstriction in VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE and/or CARDIAC MUSCLE cells as well as stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic islets. Therefore, tissue-selective calcium agonists have the potential to combat cardiac failure and endocrinological disorders. They have been used primarily in experimental studies in cell and tissue culture.

An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.

A white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental formulations, especially for root canal filling.

A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.

A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.

A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.

A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

Chemicals that bind to and remove ions from solutions. Many chelating agents function through the formation of COORDINATION COMPLEXES with METALS.

A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits CA(2+)-TRANSPORTING ATPASE mediated uptake of CALCIUM into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.

A calbindin protein found in many mammalian tissues, including the UTERUS, PLACENTA, BONE, PITUITARY GLAND, and KIDNEYS. In intestinal ENTEROCYTES it mediates intracellular calcium transport from apical to basolateral membranes via calcium binding at two EF-HAND MOTIFS. Expression is regulated in some tissues by VITAMIN D.

A tetrameric calcium release channel in the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM membrane of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, acting oppositely to SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES. It is important in skeletal and cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and studied by using RYANODINE. Abnormalities are implicated in CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS and MUSCULAR DISEASES.

An inorganic pyrophosphate which affects calcium metabolism in mammals. Abnormalities in its metabolism occur in some human diseases, notably HYPOPHOSPHATASIA and pseudogout (CHONDROCALCINOSIS).

Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.

A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.

Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. They typically contain EF HAND MOTIFS.

Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Lanthanum. The prototypical element in the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol La, atomic number 57, and atomic weight 138.91. Lanthanide ion is used in experimental biology as a calcium antagonist; lanthanum oxide improves the optical properties of glass.

An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.

CALCIUM CHANNELS located within the PURKINJE CELLS of the cerebellum. They are involved in stimulation-secretion coupling of neurons.

A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.

Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A photoprotein isolated from the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea. It emits visible light by an intramolecular reaction when a trace amount of calcium ion is added. The light-emitting moiety in the bioluminescence reaction is believed to be 2-amino-3-benzyl-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazine (AF-350).

The fluid inside CELLS.

A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The binding of calcium ions to this protein allows this protein to bind to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and to adenyl cyclase with subsequent activation. Thereby this protein modulates cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels.

A class of G-protein-coupled receptors that react to varying extracellular CALCIUM levels. Calcium-sensing receptors in the PARATHYROID GLANDS play an important role in the maintenance of calcium HOMEOSTASIS by regulating the release of PARATHYROID HORMONE. They differ from INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING PROTEINS which sense intracellular calcium levels.

CALCIUM CHANNELS located in the neurons of the brain.

An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.

Intracellular receptors that bind to INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE and play an important role in its intracellular signaling. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors are calcium channels that release CALCIUM in response to increased levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in the CYTOPLASM.

Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.

Chemical agents that increase the permeability of biological or artificial lipid membranes to specific ions. Most ionophores are relatively small organic molecules that act as mobile carriers within membranes or coalesce to form ion permeable channels across membranes. Many are antibiotics, and many act as uncoupling agents by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.

A vitamin that includes both CHOLECALCIFEROLS and ERGOCALCIFEROLS, which have the common effect of preventing or curing RICKETS in animals. It can also be viewed as a hormone since it can be formed in SKIN by action of ULTRAVIOLET RAYS upon the precursors, 7-dehydrocholesterol and ERGOSTEROL, and acts on VITAMIN D RECEPTORS to regulate CALCIUM in opposition to PARATHYROID HORMONE.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

CALCIUM CHANNELS located in the neurons of the brain. They are inhibited by the marine snail toxin, omega conotoxin MVIIC.

Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.

Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.

A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.

A neurotoxic peptide, which is a cleavage product (VIa) of the omega-Conotoxin precursor protein contained in venom from the marine snail, CONUS geographus. It is an antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS, N-TYPE.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption.

Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.

A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.

A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.

The movement of ions across energy-transducing cell membranes. Transport can be active, passive or facilitated. Ions may travel by themselves (uniport), or as a group of two or more ions in the same (symport) or opposite (antiport) directions.

The opening and closing of ion channels due to a stimulus. The stimulus can be a change in membrane potential (voltage-gated), drugs or chemical transmitters (ligand-gated), or a mechanical deformation. Gating is thought to involve conformational changes of the ion channel which alters selective permeability.

Two pairs of small oval-shaped glands located in the front and the base of the NECK and adjacent to the two lobes of THYROID GLAND. They secrete PARATHYROID HORMONE that regulates the balance of CALCIUM; PHOSPHORUS; and MAGNESIUM in the body.

A family of structurally related neurotoxic peptides from mollusk venom that inhibit voltage-activated entry of calcium into the presynaptic membrane. They selectively inhibit N-, P-, and Q-type calcium channels.

Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Native, inorganic or fossilized organic substances having a definite chemical composition and formed by inorganic reactions. They may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other mineral or rock. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Calcium-transporting ATPases that catalyze the active transport of CALCIUM into the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM vesicles from the CYTOPLASM. They are primarily found in MUSCLE CELLS and play a role in the relaxation of MUSCLES.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

Calcium-binding proteins that are found in DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES, INTESTINES, BRAIN, and other tissues where they bind, buffer and transport cytoplasmic calcium. Calbindins possess a variable number of EF-HAND MOTIFS which contain calcium-binding sites. Some isoforms are regulated by VITAMIN D.

Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.

The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.

A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.

Interstitial space between cells, occupied by INTERSTITIAL FLUID as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. For organisms with a CELL WALL, the extracellular space includes everything outside of the CELL MEMBRANE including the PERIPLASM and the cell wall.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.

A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

A drug used to reduce hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy.

A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.

The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.

Calcium-transporting ATPases found on the PLASMA MEMBRANE that catalyze the active transport of CALCIUM from the CYTOPLASM into the extracellular space. They play a role in maintaining a CALCIUM gradient across plasma membrane.

Identification and measurement of ELEMENTS and their location based on the fact that X-RAYS emitted by an element excited by an electron beam have a wavelength characteristic of that element and an intensity related to its concentration. It is performed with an electron microscope fitted with an x-ray spectrometer, in scanning or transmission mode.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

A chemical system that functions to control the levels of specific ions in solution. When the level of hydrogen ion in solution is controlled the system is called a pH buffer.

The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.

The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.

Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.

Metallochrome indicator that changes color when complexed to the calcium ion under physiological conditions. It is used to measure local calcium ion concentrations in vivo.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that occurs as an oligomeric protein comprised of twelve subunits. It differs from other enzyme subtypes in that it lacks a phosphorylatable activation domain that can respond to CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE.

A class of compounds composed of repeating 5-carbon units of HEMITERPENES.

Quinolines substituted in any position by one or more amino groups.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

An inorganic dye used in microscopy for differential staining and as a diagnostic reagent. In research this compound is used to study changes in cytoplasmic concentrations of calcium. Ruthenium red inhibits calcium transport through membrane channels.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.

Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.

Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.

Raw and processed or manufactured milk and milk-derived products. These are usually from cows (bovine) but are also from goats, sheep, reindeer, and water buffalo.

An electrogenic ion exchange protein that maintains a steady level of calcium by removing an amount of calcium equal to that which enters the cells. It is widely distributed in most excitable membranes, including the brain and heart.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A subclass of phospholipases that hydrolyze the phosphoester bond found in the third position of GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS. Although the singular term phospholipase C specifically refers to an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (EC 3.1.4.3), it is commonly used in the literature to refer to broad variety of enzymes that specifically catalyze the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS.

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

A family of intracellular calcium-sensing proteins found predominately in NEURONS and PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They contain EF HAND MOTIFS and undergo conformational changes upon calcium-binding. Neuronal calcium-sensor proteins interact with other regulatory proteins to mediate physiological responses to a change in intracellular calcium concentration.

Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.

Venoms of arthropods of the order Araneida of the ARACHNIDA. The venoms usually contain several protein fractions, including ENZYMES, hemolytic, neurolytic, and other TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL.

A neuropeptide toxin from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. It inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, P-TYPE by altering the voltage-dependent gating so that very large depolarizations are needed for channel opening. It also inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, Q-TYPE.

Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

Chemical agents that increase the permeability of CELL MEMBRANES to CALCIUM ions.

Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.

Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, CARDIAC).

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

A colorless or slightly yellow crystalline compound obtained from nutgalls. It is used in photography, pharmaceuticals, and as an analytical reagent.

Cellular release of material within membrane-limited vesicles by fusion of the vesicles with the CELL MEMBRANE.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Excretion of abnormally high level of CALCIUM in the URINE, greater than 4 mg/kg/day.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

A calcium-binding protein that mediates calcium HOMEOSTASIS in KIDNEYS, BRAIN, and other tissues. It is found in well-defined populations of NEURONS and is involved in CALCIUM SIGNALING and NEURONAL PLASTICITY. It is regulated in some tissues by VITAMIN D.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.

An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.

A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE. It is used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

Phosphoric acid esters of inositol. They include mono- and polyphosphoric acid esters, with the exception of inositol hexaphosphate which is PHYTIC ACID.

The distal terminations of axons which are specialized for the release of neurotransmitters. Also included are varicosities along the course of axons which have similar specializations and also release transmitters. Presynaptic terminals in both the central and peripheral nervous systems are included.

Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.

Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

Substances used for their pharmacological actions on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.

Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.

Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.

An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 114. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.

The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Systems in which an intracellular signal is generated in response to an intercellular primary messenger such as a hormone or neurotransmitter. They are intermediate signals in cellular processes such as metabolism, secretion, contraction, phototransduction, and cell growth. Examples of second messenger systems are the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system, the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate-inositol triphosphate system, and the cyclic GMP system.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Phosphorus used in foods or obtained from food. This element is a major intracellular component which plays an important role in many biochemical pathways relating to normal physiological functions. High concentrations of dietary phosphorus can cause nephrocalcinosis which is associated with impaired kidney function. Low concentrations of dietary phosphorus cause an increase in calcitriol in the blood and osteoporosis.

A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A peptide hormone that lowers calcium concentration in the blood. In humans, it is released by thyroid cells and acts to decrease the formation and absorptive activity of osteoclasts. Its role in regulating plasma calcium is much greater in children and in certain diseases than in normal adults.

A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.

Formation of stones in the KIDNEY.

Calcium-binding motifs composed of two helices (E and F) joined by a loop. Calcium is bound by the loop region. These motifs are found in many proteins that are regulated by calcium.

A group of phosphate minerals that includes ten mineral species and has the general formula X5(YO4)3Z, where X is usually calcium or lead, Y is phosphorus or arsenic, and Z is chlorine, fluorine, or OH-. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

Inorganic or organic compounds that contain boron as an integral part of the molecule.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A CALCIUM and CALMODULIN-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is composed of the calcineurin A catalytic subunit and the calcineurin B regulatory subunit. Calcineurin has been shown to dephosphorylate a number of phosphoproteins including HISTONES; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN; and the regulatory subunits of CAMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. It is involved in the regulation of signal transduction and is the target of an important class of immunophilin-immunosuppressive drug complexes.

Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring.

Hydroxy analogs of vitamin D 3; (CHOLECALCIFEROL); including CALCIFEDIOL; CALCITRIOL; and 24,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D 3.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

BLNK required for coupling Syk to PLC gamma 2 and Rac1-JNK in B cells. (1/8321)

Signaling through the B cell receptor (BCR) is essential for B cell function and development. Despite the key role of Syk in BCR signaling, little is known about the mechanism by which Syk transmits downstream effectors. BLNK (B cell LiNKer protein), a substrate for Syk, is now shown to be essential in activating phospholipase C (PLC)gamma 2 and JNK. The BCR-induced PLC gamma 2 activation, but not the JNK activation, was restored by introduction of PLC gamma 2 membrane-associated form into BLNK-deficient B cells. As JNK activation requires both Rac1 and PLC gamma 2, our results suggest that BLNK regulates the Rac1-JNK pathway, in addition to modulating PLC gamma 2 localization. (+info)

Skeletal muscle type ryanodine receptor is involved in calcium signaling in human B lymphocytes. (2/8321)

The regulation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in B cells remains poorly understood and is presently explained almost solely by inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-mediated Ca2+ release, followed by activation of a store-operated channel mechanism. In fact, there are reports indicating that IP3 production does not always correlate with the magnitude of Ca2+ release. We demonstrate here that human B cells express a ryanodine receptor (RYR) that functions as a Ca2+ release channel during the B cell antigen receptor (BCR)-stimulated Ca2+ signaling process. Immunoblotting studies showed that both human primary CD19(+) B and DAKIKI cells express a 565-kDa immunoreactive protein that is indistinguishable in molecular size and immunoreactivity from the RYR. Selective reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and sequencing of cloned cDNA indicated that the major isoform of the RYR expressed in primary CD19(+) B and DAKIKI cells is identical to the skeletal muscle type (RYR1). Saturation analysis of [3H]ryanodine binding yielded Bmax = 150 fmol/mg of protein and Kd = 110 nM in DAKIKI cells. In fluo-3-loaded CD19(+) B and DAKIKI cells, 4-chloro-m-cresol, a potent activator of Ca2+ release mediated by the ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release channel, induced Ca2+ release in a dose-dependent and ryanodine-sensitive fashion. Furthermore, BCR-mediated Ca2+ release in CD19(+) B cells was significantly altered by 4-chloro-m-cresol and ryanodine. These results indicate that RYR1 functions as a Ca2+ release channel during BCR-stimulated Ca2+ signaling and suggest that complex Ca2+ signals that control the cellular activities of B cells may be generated by cooperation of the IP3 receptor and RYR1. (+info)

Characterization of elementary Ca2+ release signals in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons. (3/8321)

Elementary Ca2+ release signals in nerve growth factor- (NGF-) differentiated PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons, functionally analogous to the "Ca2+ sparks" and "Ca2+ puffs" identified in other cell types, were characterized by confocal microscopy. They either occurred spontaneously or could be activated by caffeine and metabotropic agonists. The release events were dissimilar to the sparks and puffs described so far, as many arose from clusters of both ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs). Increasing either the stimulus strength or loading of the intracellular stores enhanced the frequency of and coupling between elementary release sites and evoked global Ca2+ signals. In the PC12 cells, the elementary Ca2+ release preferentially occurred around the branch points. Spatio-temporal recruitment of such elementary release events may regulate neuronal activities. (+info)

The beta subunit increases the Ca2+ sensitivity of large conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels by retaining the gating in the bursting states. (4/8321)

Coexpression of the beta subunit (KV,Cabeta) with the alpha subunit of mammalian large conductance Ca2+- activated K+ (BK) channels greatly increases the apparent Ca2+ sensitivity of the channel. Using single-channel analysis to investigate the mechanism for this increase, we found that the beta subunit increased open probability (Po) by increasing burst duration 20-100-fold, while having little effect on the durations of the gaps (closed intervals) between bursts or on the numbers of detected open and closed states entered during gating. The effect of the beta subunit was not equivalent to raising intracellular Ca2+ in the absence of the beta subunit, suggesting that the beta subunit does not act by increasing all the Ca2+ binding rates proportionally. The beta subunit also inhibited transitions to subconductance levels. It is the retention of the BK channel in the bursting states by the beta subunit that increases the apparent Ca2+ sensitivity of the channel. In the presence of the beta subunit, each burst of openings is greatly amplified in duration through increases in both the numbers of openings per burst and in the mean open times. Native BK channels from cultured rat skeletal muscle were found to have bursting kinetics similar to channels expressed from alpha subunits alone. (+info)

Fertilization, embryonic development, and offspring from mouse eggs injected with round spermatids combined with Ca2+ oscillation-inducing sperm factor. (5/8321)

Round spermatids, precursor male gametes, are known to possess the potential to achieve fertilization and embryonic development when injected into eggs. However, injection of spermatids alone seldom activates eggs in the mouse, as spermatids by themselves cannot induce an increase in intracellular Ca2+, a prerequisite for egg activation. We injected a mouse round spermatid into an egg simultaneously with partially purified sperm factor from differentiated hamster spermatozoa. The combined injection produced repetitive Ca2+ increases (Ca2+ oscillations) lasting for at least 4 h as observed at fertilization, and induced activation in 92% of eggs. This method provided 75% fertilization success associated with male and female pronucleus formation and development to 2-cell embryos, while only 7% of eggs were fertilized by injection of a spermatid alone. Of the 2-cell embryos, approximately 50% developed to blastocysts during 5 days of culture in vitro, while no blastocysts were obtained following injection of sperm factor alone. Furthermore, the 2-cell embryos, that were created by spermatids and sperm factor and transplanted into foster mothers, developed into normal offspring, although the percentage was only 22%. All infants grew into healthy adults carrying normal chromosomes. The sperm factor served as a complementary factor for successful fertilization by round spermatid injection. (+info)

Contributions of mitochondria to animal physiology: from homeostatic sensor to calcium signalling and cell death. (6/8321)

Over recent years, it has become clear that mitochondria play a central role in many key aspects of animal physiology and pathophysiology. Their central and ubiquitous task is clearly the production of ATP. Nevertheless, they also play subtle roles in glucose homeostasis, acting as the sensor for substrate supply in the transduction pathway that promotes insulin secretion by the pancreatic -cell and that modulates the excitability of the hypothalamic glucose-sensitive neurons involved in appetite control. Mitochondria may also act as sensors of availability of oxygen, the other major mitochondrial substrate, in the regulation of respiration. Mitochondria take up calcium, and the high opacity mitochondrial calcium uptake pathway provides a mechanism that couples energy demand to increased ATP production through the calcium-dependent upregulation of mitochondrial enzyme activity. Mitochondrial calcium accumulation may also have a substantial impact on the spatiotemporal dynamics of cellular calcium signals, with subtle differences of detail in different cell types. Recent work has also revealed the centrality of mitochondrial dysfunction as an irreversible step in the pathway to both necrotic and apoptotic cell death. This review looks at recent developments in these rapidly evolving areas of cell physiology in an attempt to draw together disparate areas of research into a common theme. (+info)

Isosmotic modulation of Ca2+-regulated exocytosis in guinea-pig antral mucous cells: role of cell volume. (7/8321)

1. Exocytotic events and changes of cell volume in mucous cells from guinea-pig antrum were examined by video-enhanced optical microscopy. 2. Acetylcholine (ACh) evoked exocytotic events following cell shrinkage, the frequency and extent of which depended on the ACh concentration. ACh actions were mimicked by ionomycin and thapsigargin, and inhibited by Ca2+-free solution and Ca2+ channel blockers (Ni2+, Cd2+ and nifedipine). Application of 100 microM W-7, a calmodulin inhibitor, also inhibited the ACh-induced exocytotic events. These results indicate that ACh actions are mediated by intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in antral mucous cells. 3. The effects of ion channel blockers on exocytotic events and cell shrinkage evoked by ACh were examined. Inhibition of KCl release (quinine, Ba2+, NPPB or KCl solution) suppressed both the exocytotic events and cell shrinkage evoked by ACh. 4. Bumetanide (inhibition of NaCl entry) or Cl--free solution (increasing Cl- release and inhibition of NaCl entry) evoked exocytotic events following cell shrinkage in unstimulated antral mucous cells and caused further cell shrinkage and increases in the frequency of exocytotic events in ACh-stimulated cells. However, Cl--free solution did not evoke exocytotic events in unstimulated cells in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, although cell shrinkage occurred. 5. To examine the effects of cell volume on ACh-evoked exocytosis, the cell volume was altered by increasing the extracellular K+ concentration. The results showed that cell shrinkage increases the frequency of ACh-evoked exocytotic events and cell swelling decreases them. 6. Osmotic shrinkage or swelling caused the frequency of ACh-evoked exocytotic events to increase. This suggests that the effects of cell volume on ACh-evoked exocytosis under anisosmotic conditions may not be the same as those under isosmotic conditions. 7. In antral mucous cells, Ca2+-regulated exocytosis is modulated by cell shrinkage under isosmotic conditions. (+info)

Relationship between L-type Ca2+ current and unitary sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release events in rat ventricular myocytes. (8/8321)

1. The time courses of Ca2+ current and Ca2+ spark occurrence were determined in single rat ventricular myocytes voltage clamped with patch pipettes containing 0.1 microM fluo-3. Acquisition of line-scan images on a laser scanning confocal microscope was synchronized with measurement of Cd2+-sensitive Ca2+ currents. In most cells, individual Ca2+ sparks were observed by reducing Ca2+ current density with nifedipine (0.1-8 microM). 2. Ca2+ sparks elicited by depolarizing voltage-clamp pulses had a peak [Ca2+] amplitude of 289 +/- 3 nM with a decay half-time of 20.8 +/- 0.2 ms and a full width at half-maximum of 1.40 +/- 0.03 microm (mean +/- s. e.m., n = 345), independent of the membrane potential. 3. The time between the beginning of a depolarization and the initiation of each Ca2+ spark was calculated and data were pooled to construct waiting time histograms. Exponential functions were fitted to these histograms and to the decaying phase of the Ca2+ current. This analysis showed that the time constants describing Ca2+ current and Ca2+ spark occurrence at membrane potentials between -30 mV and +30 mV were not significantly different. At +50 mV, in the absence of nifedipine, the time constant describing Ca2+ spark occurrence was significantly larger than the time constant of the Ca2+ current. 4. A simple model is developed using Poisson statistics to relate macroscopic Ca2+ current to the opening of single L-type Ca2+ channels at the dyad junction and to the time course of Ca2+ spark occurrence. The model suggests that the time courses of macroscopic Ca2+ current and Ca2+ spark occurrence should be closely related when opening of a single L-type Ca2+ channel initiates a Ca2+ spark. By comparison with the data, the model suggests that Ca2+ sparks are initiated by the opening of a single L-type Ca2+ channel at all membrane potentials encountered during an action potential. (+info)

2012.) Calcium Signaling in Dendritic Spines. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. Retrieved from http://cshperspectives ... Therefore, heterosynaptic dopamine signaling in mammals can be best represented by dopamine's biological functions of mediating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterosynaptic_plasticity

Today the IP3 signaling pathway is well mapped out, and is known to be important in regulating a variety of calcium-dependent ... Berridge, M. J. (2016). "The Inositol Trisphosphate/Calcium Signaling Pathway in Health and Disease". Physiological Reviews. 96 ... Bezprozvanny, I.; Hayden, M.R. (2004). "Deranged neuronal calcium signaling and Huntington disease". Biochemical and ... When IP3 binds its receptor, calcium is released into the cytosol, thereby activating various calcium regulated intracellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inositol_trisphosphate

As a continuation of their longstanding interest in NFAT and calcium signalling, Rao and Hogan have also performed research on ... discovered the molecular identity of Calcium Release-Activated Calcium (CRAC) channels which are necessary for calcium to enter ... Hogan, Patrick G.; Lewis, Richard S.; Rao, Anjana (2010-03-01). "Molecular Basis of Calcium Signaling in Lymphocytes: STIM and ... They also showed that NFAT was regulated by calcium and the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, which removes phosphate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjana_Rao

Luoma JI, Stern CM, Mermelstein PG (August 2012). "Progesterone inhibition of neuronal calcium signaling underlies aspects of ... Over-excitation of glutamate receptors, specifically NMDA receptors, allows for an increase in calcium ion (Ca2+) influx due to ... Sattler R, Tymianski M (2000). "Molecular mechanisms of calcium-dependent excitotoxicity". J. Mol. Med. 78 (1): 3-13. doi: ... NMDA receptor stimulants can lead to glutamate and calcium excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Some other stimulants, in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroprotection

"A network of control mediated by regulator of calcium/calmodulin-dependent signaling". Science. 306 (5696): 698-701. doi: ... "Role of DARPP-32 and ARPP-21 in the Emergence of Temporal Constraints on Striatal Calcium and Dopamine Integration". PLOS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPP-21

Jones, Brian L.; Smith, Stephen M. (2016-03-30). "Calcium-Sensing Receptor: A Key Target for Extracellular Calcium Signaling in ... Calcium ion is also the most important second messenger in excitable cell signaling. Activation of synaptic receptors initiates ... The net result of the sodium-calcium exchanger is that in the resting state, intracellular calcium concentrations become very ... Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_potential

... are also involved in regulation of channels and in calcium signaling. Caveolae also participate in lipid regulation. ... Caveolae have a role in the cell signaling, too. Caveolins associate with some signaling molecules (e.g. eNOS) through their ... activation of eNOS signaling enzyme and to remodeling of blood vessels. In smooth-muscle cells, caveolin Cav1 has a role in ... structures are rich in proteins as well as lipids such as cholesterol and sphingolipids and have several functions in signal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caveolae

2018; 14(10). Robust lysosomal calcium signaling through channel TRPML1 is impaired by lysosomal lipid accumulation. The FASEB ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_J._Fliesler

February 2018). "Robust lysosomal calcium signaling through channel TRPML1 is impaired by lysosomal lipid accumulation". FASEB ... ML-SA1 is a chemical compound which acts as an "agonist" (i.e. channel opener) of the TRPML family of calcium channels. It has ... February 2017). "2+ Signaling is Essential for Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Remodeling". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. ... Cell Calcium. 56 (6): 446-56. doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2014.09.004. PMC 4252876. PMID 25266962. Erkhembaatar M, Gu DR, Lee SH, Yang ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ML-SA1

Ichas, F.; Mazat, J. P. (1998). "From calcium signaling to cell death: Two conformations for the mitochondrial permeability ... Nicholls, D. G.; Brand, M. D. (1980). "The nature of the calcium ion efflux induced in rat liver mitochondria by the oxidation ... The presence of free radicals, another result of excessive intracellular calcium concentrations, can also cause the MPT pore to ... Lemasters, J. J.; Theruvath, T. P.; Zhong, Z.; Nieminen, A. L. (2009). "Mitochondrial calcium and the permeability transition ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_permeability_transition_pore

Non-coplanar PCBs may cause neurotoxicity by interfering with intracellular signal transduction dependent on calcium. Ortho- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent,_bioaccumulative_and_toxic_substances

Calcium acts as a second messenger in many cellular signal transduction pathways. SERCA2 is required for Ca2+ signaling in ... The SR is a specialized form of ER found in muscle cells that sequesters calcium, the regulated efflux of which into the ... ATP2A2 encodes the SERCA2 protein, which is a calcium pump localized to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in ... while skin cells rely exclusively on the SERCA2 gene for calcium sequestration, meaning only they are affected by its reduction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darier's_disease

1] (in French) "Italy signal interest to host Euro 2016". Italian-Calcio Blog. March 2, 2009. "FIGC and UEFA meet in Rome". ... "Four candidates signal UEFA EURO 2016 interest". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 11 March 2009. Archived ... Three European national associations signalled to UEFA their interest in staging UEFA Euro 2016: Bordeaux Lens Lille Lyon ... New stadium has been proposed by Cagliari Calcio) Cesena - Stadio Dino Manuzzi: Current capacity 23,860. (Planned for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_bids

Marino, A.; La Spada, G. (May 2007). "Calcium and cytoskeleton signaling during cell volume regulation in isolated nematocytes ... Kawaii, S.; Yamashita, K.; Nakai, N.; Fusetani, N. (1997-08-01). "Intracellular calcium transients during nematocyst discharge ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiptasia_mutabilis

Following fertilization and prior to the calcium release, an inositol phosphate (PIP2) signaling cascade is initiated. ... Similar to Protein Kinase C, calmodulin is activated by calcium, further promoting the cortical reaction. This calcium increase ... Following fertilization, a signaling pathway induces the cortical granules to fuse with the oocyte's cell membrane and release ... Increased calcium is also thought to activate actin-depolymerizing proteins such as gelsolin and scinderin. In mammals, these ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortical_granule

The role of calcium ions in this signal transduction network is therefore important. Calcium Ions also play a large role in ... Once detected, a signal transduction network is activated. The presence of an elicitor causes an influx of Ca2+ ions to be ... Detection of these signals in infected cells leads to an activation of effector-triggered immunity (ETI), a type of innate ... These HAMPs trigger signalling pathways throughout the plant, initiating its defence mechanism and allowing the plant to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotic_stress

Figure 3: Calcium-induced signal transduction networks mediating neuronal activity-dependent gene expression. Doidge, Norman ( ... One way in which calcium influx leads to the remodeling of synapses made by neurons is through the activation of new gene ... This plasticity occurs as a result of changes in gene expression which are triggered by signaling cascades that are activated ... by various signaling molecules (e.g., calcium, dopamine, and glutamate, among many others) during increased neuronal activity. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activity-dependent_plasticity

His interests in calcium signaling (Ca2+) began with the characterization of Ca2+ uptake and release in mitochondria. In ... "Calcium homeostasis in intact lymphocytes: cytoplasmic free calcium monitored with a new, intracellularly trapped fluorescent ... This new approach lead to a series of discoveries on the mechanisms of calcium metabolism and in particular it revolutionized ... His main scientific interest has been the study of Calcium in biology and its role in second messenger systems. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tullio_Pozzan

Goth, S. R.; Chu, R. A.; Gregg, J. P.; Cherednichenko, G.; Pessah, I. N. (2006). "Uncoupling of ATP-Mediated Calcium Signaling ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedillo_v._Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services

Clapham DE (2007). "Calcium signaling". Cell. 131 (6): 1047-58. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.028. PMID 18083096.. ... Calcium is, therefore, a cell signaling molecule, and not usually considered a cofactor of the enzymes it regulates.[16] ... Niki I, Yokokura H, Sudo T, Kato M, Hidaka H (October 1996). "Ca2+ signaling and intracellular Ca2+ binding proteins". Journal ... Calcium is another special case, in that it is required as a component of the human diet, and it is needed for the full ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofactor_

α1 blockers can inhibit the release of IP3 and DAG to decrease calcium release, thus, decreasing overall signaling. On the ... thus increasing the release of calcium. Meanwhile, α2 receptors are labeled as Gi GPCRs, which signal through adenylyl cyclase ... Specifically, α1 receptors are characterized as Gq GPCRs, signaling through Phospholipase C to increase IP3 and DAG, ... Pierce, Kristen L.; Premont, Richard T.; Lefkowitz, Robert J. (2002-09-01). "Signalling: Seven-transmembrane receptors". Nature ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_blocker

... dopamine-induced neuronal calcium signalling via receptor-independent mechanisms". Cell Calcium. 48 (2-3): 176-82. doi:10.1016/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GYKI-52895

... A is structurally different from IP3 but could elicit distinct calcium signals in cells. Mak, D.-O. D.; McBride, S ... Kinetic Implications for the Durations of Calcium Puffs in Cells". The Journal of General Physiology. 117 (4): 299-314. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenophostin

He also invented and developed an application of the oxy-calcium light for night signalling. The Army and Navy Signal Book was ... He was for several years engaged with Captain Philip Howard Colomb R.N. in developing a system of visual signalling, applicable ... He was promoted on 8 July 1868 to an unattached majority in consideration of his services in army signalling. Bolton was ... From 1867 to 1869 Bolton was deputy-assistant quartermaster-general and assistant instructor in visual signalling at the School ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bolton

Abramov AY, Canevari L, Duchen MR (2004). "Calcium signals induced by amyloid beta peptide and their consequences in neurons ... In Alzheimer's disease, oligomeric amyloid-β species trigger TNF-α signaling. c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation by TNF-α in ... As a typical example, this hypothesis explains the APOE risk locus of AD in context of signaling of its giant lipoprotein ... Arispe, N; Rojas, E; Pollard, H B (1993-01-15). "Alzheimer disease amyloid beta protein forms calcium channels in bilayer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry_of_Alzheimer's_disease

Calcium channel blocker Calcium ions are used in many cells, including beta cells, as a signaling mechanism. Since it does not ... Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) Blood sugar level that is too high after fasting, although not so high as to signal diabetes. A ... It is usually called the master gland, for its signals control the operation of most of the other endocrine glands. Podiatrist ... Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) Blood sugar levels too high after a glucose challenge, although not so high as to signal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_diabetes

... two important mediators of G protein-coupled receptor signaling. The novel PKCs are activated by diacylglycerol but not calcium ... PHLPP may act as a tumor suppressor in several types of cancer due to its ability to block growth factor-induced signaling in ... Akt1 is also able to induce protein synthesis pathways, and is therefore a key signaling protein in the cellular pathways that ... Akt2 is important in the insulin signaling pathway. It is required to induce glucose transport.[citation needed] These separate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHLPP

This budding process involves multiple signaling pathways including the elevation of intracellular calcium and reorganization ... In this form of signaling, the microvesicle does not fuse with the plasma membrane or engulfed by the target cell. Similar to ... microvesicles from non-cancer cells can signal to cancer cells to become more aggressive. Upon exposure to microvesicles from ... Exosomes produced by cells exposed to oxidative stress can mediate protective signals, reducing oxidative stress in recipient ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microvesicles

On the contrary, TCR signalling without costimulatory receptors sufficiently activates only the calcium arm of the signalling ... calcium dependent arm of a lymphocyte signalling is activated by TCR. This leads to an elevation of intracellular Ca+II ... Conversely, Ca+II chelators such as EGTA can sequester Calcium ions making them unable to cause the anergy. Blocking of the ... Under this condition, calcium dependent phosphatase calcineurin removes phosphates from a transcriptional factor NFAT, which in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonal_anergy

Hajnóczky, G; Csordás, G; Das, S; Garcia-Perez, C; Saotome, M; Sinha Roy, S; Yi, M (2006). "Mitochondrial calcium signalling ... Ma, Z; Siebert, AP; Cheung, KH; Lee, RJ; Johnson, B; Cohen, AS; Vingtdeux, V; Marambaud, P; Foskett, JK (2012). "Calcium ... Decaen, P. G.; Delling, M.; Vien, T. N.; Clapham, D. E. (2013). "Direct recording and molecular identification of the calcium ... it is a potent inhibitor of intracellular calcium release by ryanodine receptors (Kd ~20 nM). As a TRPA1 blocker, it assists in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium_red

Kobayashi M, Takamatsu K, Saitoh S, Noguchi T (1993). "Myristoylation of hippocalcin is linked to its calcium-dependent ... formation can occur if the matrix domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag is substituted by a myristylation signal". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-myristoyltransferase_1

The official start to its development started in December 1986 when Merck's president, Edward Scolnick, announced that they would start a comprehensive AIDS research program. They started a laboratory dedicated to AIDS research in West Point, Pennsylvania and placed Emilio Emini in charge of the laboratory.[11] A couple months later on January, 1987, a team of researchers consisting of Emilio Emini, Joel Huff, and Irving Sigal, kickstarted their studies by basing their project off of earlier research on the protease enzyme, renin.[5] They were the ones who started the process of research and development into protease inhibitors and its relation to the virus. Over a year later, in July 1988, Nancy Kohl, Emilio Emini, et al., published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of the Science about the idea of inhibiting the protease.[11] On February, 1989, Manuela Navia, Paula Fitzgerald, et al., published a paper that showed the three-dimensional structure of HIV's protease enzyme.[5] Other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indinavir

The sGP forms a dimeric protein that interferes with the signalling of neutrophils, another type of white blood cell. This ... or calcium hypochlorite (bleaching powder), and other suitable disinfectants may be used at appropriate concentrations.[81][115 ... the signalling proteins STAT1 and STAT2 are activated and move to the cell's nucleus.[51] This triggers the expression of ... Viral replication triggers high levels of inflammatory chemical signals and leads to a septic state.[38] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

Calcium-sensitive dyes have shown that internal concentrations of calcium increase during bursts. The activation of different ... The pre-BötC complex operates in animals as part of a larger network that receives critical information and signaling inputs ... Other research has also suggested that calcium flow through N-type calcium channels is essential for normal breathing, and is ... voltage gated calcium channels become activated and calcium is able to flow into the cell which usually leads to the release of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Bötzinger_complex

... both for camouflage and for signalling, in his Historia animalium: "The octopus ... seeks its prey by so changing its colour as ... and an enzyme in the toxic saliva is used to dissolve the calcium carbonate of the shell. It takes about three hours for O. ... signaling, mate defending and eviction of individuals from dens. This is likely the result of abundant food supplies combined ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda

"Monitoring FDA MedWatch Reports: Signals for Dabigatran and Metoclopramide" (PDF). QuarterWatch. Institute for Safe Medication ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levothyroxine

Chronic hyperstimulation of opioid receptors results in altered homeostasis of pain signalling pathways in the body with ... "Venom from the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, induces a calcium-dependent current in cultured dorsal root ganglion cells" ... endotoxins and other signals of infection also increases pain sensitivity as part of sickness behavior, the evolved response to ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperalgesia

The signal transduction pathway is the mechanism by which the energy of a photon signals a mechanism in the cell that leads to ... This leads to a decrease in the influx of calcium ions into the cell and thus the intracellular calcium ion concentration falls ... Photoreceptors do not signal color; they only signal the presence of light in the visual field. ... Early Notch signaling maintains progenitor cycling. Photoreceptor precursors come about through inhibition of Notch signaling ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell

Receptor/signaling modulators. Androgens and antiandrogens. Estrogen receptor modulators. Progesterone receptor modulators. ... aluminum, calcium, gadolinium, magnesium, strontium, zinc). *Dehydroandrosterone. *Dihydrotestosterone. *Estradiol. *L-α-Amino ... Receptor/signaling modulators. Progestogens and antiprogestogens. Androgen receptor modulators. Estrogen receptor modulators. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trenbolone_hexahydrobenzylcarbonate

Marine organisms which possess calcium carbonate shells or exoskeletons experience physiological pressure as the carbonate ... "Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines". PNAS ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_mass_extinction

Receptor/signaling modulators. Androgens and antiandrogens. Estrogen receptor modulators. Progesterone receptor modulators. ... NMDA induces a calcium flux that allows for synaptic plasticity which is crucial for AHN. ... Bennett NC, Gardiner RA, Hooper JD, Johnson DW, Gobe GC (2010). "Molecular cell biology of androgen receptor signalling". Int. ... Recent results indicate androgens inhibit the ability of some fat cells to store lipids by blocking a signal transduction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen

Foraminifera shells are composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and are found in many common geological environments. The ratio ... Based on the simplifying assumption that the signal can be attributed to temperature change alone, with the effects of salinity ... and δ is δ18O for a calcium carbonate sample). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Δ18O

The link was a single nucleotide polymorphism of two genes involved in calcium channel signaling with neurons. One of these ... The underlying mechanism is genes that code for a product that is either used by various cells or has a cascade-like signaling ... Both males and females with larger combs have higher bone density and strength, which allows females to deposit more calcium ... In mating, for many animals the signals and receptors of sexual communication may have evolved simultaneously as the expression ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiotropic

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coomassie_Brilliant_Blue& ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coomassie_Brilliant_Blue

Calcium dipicolinate, the calcium salt of dipicolinic acid, is incorporated into the forespore during this time. The ... this signals to the bacteria that it has reached the end of the animal, and an inactive dispersable morphology is useful. ... Up to 20% of the dry weight of the endospore consists of calcium dipicolinate within the core, which is thought to stabilize ... Dipicolinic acid could be responsible for the heat resistance of the spore, and calcium may aid in resistance to heat and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_spore

T cell receptor signaling pathway. • segmentation. • positive regulation of receptor recycling. • calcium ion transmembrane ... Wnt signaling pathway[edit]. Wnt signaling pathway has been shown to be involved in several critical steps in embryogenesis and ... negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway. • neuron development. • memory. • endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion ... Notch signaling pathway[edit]. In Notch signaling, critical proteolytic reactions takes place during maturation and activation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSEN1

At the hypothalamus, fear-signaling impulses activate both the sympathetic nervous system and the modulating systems of the HPA ... a social signal in salmonoid fish), activation of the HPA axis, and inhibition of aggression. Inclusion of the amino acid L- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal_axis

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Ion channel modulators. Taxon identifiers. *Wikidata: Q35625 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger

"The OX-44 molecule couples to signaling pathways and is associated with CD2 on rat T lymphocytes and a natural killer cell ... protein GP41 of HIV-1 inhibits distinct lymphocyte activation pathways dependent on protein kinase C and intracellular calcium ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD2

"Vitamin D, calcium and prevention of breast cancer: a review". Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Strang Cancer ... "Vitamin D signaling in immune-mediated disorders: Evolving insights and therapeutic opportunities". Laboratory for Experimental ... "Vitamin D and calcium intake in relation to risk of endometrial cancer: a systematic review of the literature". Epidemiology ...

https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D

calcium-mediated signaling using extracellular calcium source. • transmembrane transport. • calcium ion transport. • regulation ... This gene encodes an alpha-1 subunit of a voltage-dependent calcium channel. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ... calcium ion transmembrane transport. • camera-type eye development. • cardiac conduction. • calcium ion import. ... high voltage-gated calcium channel activity. • voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potential ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cav1.2

"Altered TAOK2 activity causes autism-related neurodevelopmental and cognitive abnormalities through RhoA signaling". Molecular ... CARHSP1: Calcium-regulated heat stable protein 1. *CASP16P: encoding protein Caspase 16, pseudogene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_16

positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled signaling ... G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. • adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. • ... dopamine receptor signaling pathway. • conditioned taste aversion. • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration. • glucose ... positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol. • mating behavior. • behavioral fear response. • ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Дофаминовый_рецептор_D1

... , together with calcium phosphide, is used in floating, self-igniting naval signal flares, such as those ... calcium oxide), Ca3P2 (calcium phosphide), CaS (calcium sulfide), Ca3N2 (calcium nitride), SiC (silicon carbide), etc.). In the ... Production of calcium cyanamideEdit. Calcium carbide reacts with nitrogen at high temperature to form calcium cyanamide:[5] ... Calcium carbide, also known as calcium acetylide, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of CaC2. Its main use ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_carbide

signal transduction. • Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway. • Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway ... Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification. • canonical Wnt signaling pathway. • synapse assembly. • ... signal transducer activity. • Wnt-protein binding. • protein binding. • protein kinase binding. • ubiquitin protein ligase ... Wnt signaling pathway. • embryonic camera-type eye development. • multicellular organism development. • cell surface receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FZD5

For instance, serum calcium concentration affects parathyroid hormone synthesis; bluid succar (serum glucose concentration) ... Signal transduction. Skauk't categeries: *Pages wi citations uisin unsupportit parameters. *Airticles conteenin Auncient Greek- ...

https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators • Acetylcholine metabolism/transport ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fesoterodine

The increased calcium availability binds to the calmodulin subunit and activates glycogen phosphorylase kinase. Glycogen ... Upon eating a meal, there is a release of insulin, signaling glucose availability in the blood. Insulin indirectly activates PP ... An increase in AMP concentration, which occurs during strenuous exercise, signals energy demand. AMP activates glycogen ... PLC indirectly causes the release of calcium from the hepatocytes' endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen_phosphorylase

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Ion channel modulators. Taxon identifiers. *Wikidata: Q122679 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E392

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Ion channel modulators. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepper_spray

The latest Perspectives in General Physiology series introduces the newest technologies in the field of calcium signaling, ... New perspectives on local calcium signaling. July 26, 2010. The latest Perspectives in General Physiology series introduces the ... newest technologies in the field of calcium signaling, which plays a central role in many cellular processes. The Perspectives ... A revolution in measuring Ca2+ signals has taken place over the last decade, benefiting from advances in microscopy, buffers/ ...

https://www.brightsurf.com/news/article/072610250077/new-perspectives-on-local-calcium-signaling.html

Loss-of-function or reduction-of-function mutations in a calcium-regulated signaling pathway, including a voltage-gated calcium ... 1999). Lateral signaling mediated by axon contact and calcium entry regulates asymmetric odorant receptor expression in C. ... The molecular signaling pathway that regulates AWC asymmetry involves a calcium-regulated kinase pathway including unc-43 ( ... However, it is not known how the calcium-signaling complex, which consists of UNC-43/CaMKII, TIR-1/SARM adaptor protein and NSY ...

http://dev.biologists.org/content/138/16/3509.long

calcium How intracellular Calcium signaling, gradient and its role as a universal intracellular regulator points to design http ... 5. Calcium and evolutionary aspects of aging , page 1. 6. Calcium homeostasis, page 6. 7. Calcium signalling and calcium ... 8. Evolution of the Calcium-Based Intracellular Signaling System. 9. Calcium binding proteins and calcium signaling in ... Calcium signaling pathway - Reference pathway. .................... Evolution of the Calcium-Based Intracellular Signaling ...

http://reasonandscience.heavenforum.org/t2448-howintracellular-calcium-signaling-gradient-and-its-role-as-a-universal-intracellular-regulator-points-to-design?highlight=calcium

Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes. Annu Rev Physiol. 2008;70:23-49. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006. ... Nuclear calcium in cardiac myocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2015 Mar;65(3):211-7. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000174. Review. ... Early remodeling of perinuclear Ca2+ stores and nucleoplasmic Ca2+ signaling during the development of hypertrophy and heart ...

https://mug.glowbase.com/positions/164

The Sixth International Symposium on Calcium-Binding Proteins in Health and Disease was held in Nagoya, Japan, July 24-28, 1988 ... Calcium Signaling in Molecular Cell Biology. * Roles of Calcium in the Regulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase ... Cytoskeleton and Calcium Signaling. * Calcium and Polyphosphoinositide Regulation of Actin Network Structure by Gelsolin ... Protein Phosphatase and Calcium Signaling. * Characterization of the Calmodulin-Binding Domain of Calcineurin Deduced from a ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4684-5679-0

This book describes the newest discoveries on calcium signaling happening at the cellular and intracellular membranes, often ... calcium signaling calcium transport endoplasmatic reticulum membrane dynamics membrane contact sites microdomains mitochondria ... This book describes the newest discoveries on calcium signaling happening at the cellular and intracellular membranes, often ... the book therefore provides a timely summary on the processes of calcium signaling and related membrane dynamics; it is aimed ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-55858-5

... * Calcium signaling: an underlying link between cardiac disease and carcinogenesis Authors: ... Syncytium calcium signaling and macrophage function in the heart Macrophages are traditionally viewed as a key component of the ... A temporal examination of calcium signaling in cancer- from tumorigenesis, to immune evasion, and metastasis Although the study ... A superior bright NIR luminescent nanoparticle preparation and indicating calcium signaling detection in cells and small ...

https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/CCS2018

Perspectives on: Local calcium signaling: Subcellular Ca2+ signaling in the heart: the role of ryanodine receptor sensitivity ... Ca2+ blinks: Rapid nanoscopic store calcium signaling. Didier X. P. Brochet, Dongmei Yang, Alessandro Di Maio, W. Jonathan ... Ca2+ blinks: Rapid nanoscopic store calcium signaling. Didier X. P. Brochet, Dongmei Yang, Alessandro Di Maio, W. Jonathan ... Ca2+ blinks: Rapid nanoscopic store calcium signaling. Didier X. P. Brochet, Dongmei Yang, Alessandro Di Maio, W. Jonathan ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/102/8/3099?ijkey=b9b9eda345d61a37efe6bac79df4a65da0851e03&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... cause a wave of calcium signaling to spread outward from the wound site. Calcium signaling helps coordinate cellular and tissue ... illustrates long-range calcium signaling in an embryo of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). In the movie, cells are ... The signals, in addition to changes in tension across the embryo, ... wounded with a laser (bottom-left), causing them to release signaling molecules that are sensed by adjacent cells. ...

https://www.britannica.com/video/190858/movie-calcium-means-microscopy-embryo-cells-molecules

The Versatility of Ca2+ Signaling: First, Second, or Third Messenger?. *The Story of Mitochondria and Calcium: Birth, Decline, ... Ca2+ Signaling and Disease. Sustained increases of cell Ca2+ to the micromolar range are obviously deleterious to the signaling ... The Versatility of Ca2+ Signaling: First, Second, or Third Messenger?. Outside signals by first messengers act on plasma ... marked the beginning of the calcium (Ca2+) signaling saga. Sidney Ringer [Ringer, S. (1883) J. Physiol. 4, 29-43] was studying ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/99/3/1115?ijkey=8976906c83f17fe122aa6706786977fb24c09504&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

This review examines the principles of Ca(2+) signaling, from changes in protein conformations driven by Ca(2+) to the ... Calcium ions (Ca(2+)) impact nearly every aspect of cellular life. ... Calcium signaling Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1047-58. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.028. ... Calcium ions (Ca(2+)) impact nearly every aspect of cellular life. This review examines the principles of Ca(2+) signaling, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18083096/?dopt=Abstract

Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Science Signaling Message Body. (Your Name) thought you would like to see this page ... Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Science Signaling. ...

https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2002/125/tw122/tab-e-letters

These results were interpreted that the amount of ER calcium per se was not crucial, but a signal generated from the released ... However, cells overexpressing the ER calcium-buffering protein calreticulin, which allows increased calcium loading in the ER ... which prevents the release of a sufficiently high calcium signal from the ER upon ceramide exposure. This model is consistent ... Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Science Signaling Message Body. (Your Name) thought you would like to see this page ...

https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2001/86/tw10.abstract

Calcium Signaling Calcium signaling diagram. It is widely agreed that derangements in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis are ...

https://www.utsouthwestern.edu/labs/hill/research/calcium.html

Inositol trisphosphate and calcium signalling.. Berridge MJ1.. Author information. 1. AFRC Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, ... This family of intracellular calcium channels displays the regenerative process of calcium-induced calcium release responsible ... Inositol trisphosphate is a second messenger that controls many cellular processes by generating internal calcium signals. It ... Such a dynamic signalling pathway controls many cellular processes, including fertilization, cell growth, transformation, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8381210?dopt=Abstract

... and signal transduction pathway activation. Solutions optimized for cAMP/calcium signaling studies include PCR array, miRNA, ... cAMP Calcium Signaling PathwayFinder RT2 Profiler PCR Array The Rat cAMP/Ca2+ PathwayFinder RT² Profiler PCR Array contains 84 ... cAMP Calcium Signaling PathwayFinder RT2 Profiler PCR Array The Human cAMP/Ca2+ PathwayFinder RT² Profiler PCR Array contains ... cAMP Calcium Signaling PathwayFinder RT2 Profiler PCR Array The Mouse cAMP/Ca2+ PathwayFinder RT² Profiler PCR Array contains ...

https://www.qiagen.com/de/shop/genes-and-pathways/complete-biology-list/camp--calcium-signaling/

This process requires signal integration among multiple pathways, relying on second messengers such as calcium ions. Calcium ... These classes can be ordered based on agonist stimulation strength Gαq-mediated signaling. In vivo calcium signaling dynamics ... Decoding Calcium Signaling Dynamics during Drosophila Wing Disc Development.. Brodskiy PA1, Wu Q1, Soundarrajan DK1, Huizar FJ1 ... Integrated calcium signaling activity decreases with increasing tissue size, and it responds to morphogenetic perturbations ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Levis+MK%5Bau%5D&dispmax=50

CALCIUM SIGNAL GENERATION/MODULATION AND HOMEOSTASIS. Calcium Entry. Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels. William A. Catterall. The ... FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF CALCIUM SIGNALING. Proteins Mediating Effects of Calcium. The Diversity of Calcium Sensor Proteins in the ... Calcium Signaling in Cardiac Myocytes. Claire J. Fearnley, H. Llewelyn Roderick, and Martin D. Bootman. Calcium Signaling in ... Calcium in Cell Death and Disease. Apoptosis and Autophagy: Decoding Calcium Signals that Mediate Life or Death. Michael W. ...

https://cshlpress.com/default.tpl?action=full&cart=1575783595400902531&--eqskudatarq=921&typ=ps&newtitle=Calcium%20Signaling

Axial tubule junctions control rapid calcium signaling in atria. Sören Brandenburg,1,2 Tobias Kohl,1,2 George S.B. Williams,3 ... Dynamics of calcium sparks and calcium leak in the heart. Biophys J. 2011;101(6):1287-1296.. View this article via: PubMed ... The spatial pattern of atrial cardiomyocyte calcium signalling modulates contraction. J Cell Sci. 2004;117(Pt 26):6327-6337. ... F25, Ca2+ signal onset during -75 to 0 mV depolarization. (N) Latency difference of Ca2+ signal upstroke (dF/dt). n = 15 AMs. * ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/88241

... Thomas Lampert,1 Cheryl Nugent,2 John ... Thomas Lampert, Cheryl Nugent, John Weston, Nathanael Braun, and Heather Kuruvilla, "Nociceptin Signaling Involves a Calcium- ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijpep/2013/573716/cta/

Reuters Health) - In elderly people, higher levels of calcium in the blood are associated with poorer mental function and ... Calcium can pass from the blood stream into the brain, they add, but it has not been clear whether blood calcium levels have ... When the researchers excluded people with abnormally high calcium levels from their analysis, the link between calcium levels ... Higher calcium levels were also tied to faster mental decline over time in the Rotterdam study, but not in the more elderly ...

https://uk.reuters.com/article/health-calcium-level-dc/calcium-level-may-signal-risk-of-mental-decline-idUKCOL45857320071204?feedType=RSS&feedName=healthNews&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+reuters%2FUKHealth+%28News+%2F+UK+%2F+Health+%26+Drugs%29

The importance of calcium signaling extends well beyond this role. For example, Calcium signaling serves to modulate the ... Papers that describe the role of calcium signaling in the heart are welcomed. Papers of diverse form will be considered ... A combination of experimental and computational approaches have been effectively applied to study calcium signaling in the ... The common theme is that they describe calcium signaling in the heart ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/608/calcium-signaling-in-cardiac-myocytes

... Nat Protoc. 2006;1(3):1057-65. doi: 10.1038/ ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17406387/?dopt=Abstract

Calcium signaling of glial cells along mammalian axons Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Journal of ... Calcium signaling of glial cells along mammalian axons. S Kriegler and SY Chiu ... Glial [Ca2+]i signaling was examined in a mammalian white matter lacking neuronal cell bodies and synapses. Rat optic nerves ( ... postnatal days 2 and 7) were stained with calcium indicator dyes and confocal images of [Ca2+bdi were recorded at approximately ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/13/10/4229?ijkey=753a9c8d29affaf9d1b4b822fe4ebcc1b17bb8d7&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... Irene Pafumi,1 Annarita Favia ... Both cytokines were found to elicit intracellular calcium mobilization. Targeting intracellular Ca2+ signaling, antagonizing IP ... This study describes a novel calcium-dependent machinery activated through Angiopoietin-1/2-Tie receptor system in HUVECs ... These results identify a novel calcium-dependent machinery involved in the complex interplay regulating angiogenic processes ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2015/965271/abs/

Education,NSDL,Fertilization,Physics,NSDL_SetSpec_BEN,Sperm,Calcium,oai:nsdl.org:2200/20110722024500764T,Signaling,Life Science ... Calcium Signaling Through CatSper Channels in Mammalian Fertilization. Website Address:https://www.curriki.org/oer/Calcium- ...

https://www.curriki.org/oer/Calcium-Signaling-Through-CatSper-Channels-in-Mammalian-Fertilization-253118

The first edition of James Putneys Calcium Signaling offered readers a comprehensive view of the fascinating diversity of ... technologies that the new field of calcium signaling employed. And while tha ... download and read Calcium Signaling, Second Edition ebook online in PDF format for iPhone, iPad, Android, Computer and Mobile ... In Calcium Signaling, Second Edition, Putney focuses on those processes that generate calcium signals to compile the first ...

https://www.ebooks.com/262264/calcium-signaling-second-edition/putney-jr-james-w/

Changes in calcium ion concentration play a predominant and key signaling role in almost all cells of the central nervous ... Many of these cellular players have been well characterized in terms of calcium signaling but astonishingly little is known ... This Research Topic seeks to bring together contributions that improve our understanding of how calcium signaling impacts on ... influences calcium signaling of its constituent cells. The best known interface is t... ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/2654/brain-vascular-interactions-and-calcium-signaling

USA Home > Product Directory > Cell Biology > Cell Signaling and Neuroscience > Intracellular Calcium Signaling > Calcium ...

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/cell-biology/cell-biology-products.html?TablePage=9561539

The International Union of Crystallography is a non-profit scientific union serving the world-wide interests of crystallographers and other scientists employing crystallographic methods ...

http://www.iucr.org/calendar/events/types/seminars/calcium-signalling.-gordon-research-seminar

The ion calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger, present in all eukaryotic cells. It modulates a vast number of cellular ... which are capable of mobilization for signaling purposes. Here we review the calcium signaling on lizards red blood cells, an ... Calcium Signaling*. Erythrocytes / metabolism*. Homeostasis. Lizards / metabolism*. Mitochondria / metabolism. Receptors, ... These cells possess a complex machinery to regulate calcium, and display calcium responses to extracellular agonists. ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Calcium-signaling-in-lizard-red/17095273.html

Ca2+ is an important signal transduction moleculethat has been shown to regulate responses to a large number of environmental ... Calcium signals are generated through the coordinated action of calcium influx channels and calcium efflux transporters. ... A large network of calcium‐binding proteins act as calcium sensors and relay calcium signals to downstream effector proteins. ... Keywords: Arabidopsis; calcium; calcium transport; calmodulin; protein kinases; signal transduction; transcription factors ...

http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0023722.html

This review will discuss the machinery responsible for Ca2+ signals in these cells, as well as experimental models used to ... investigate cholangiocyte Ca2+ signaling. We will also discuss the role of Ca2+ in the normal and abnormal regulation of ... Calcium (Ca2+) is a versatile second messenger that regulates a number of cellular processes in virtually every type of cell. ... "Calcium Signaling in Cholangiocytes: Methods, Mechanisms, and Effects." Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19, no. 12: 3913. ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/12/3913

A Common Mechanism Underlies Vertebrate Calcium Signaling andDrosophila Phototransduction. Irit Chorna-Ornan, Tamar Joel- ... A Common Mechanism Underlies Vertebrate Calcium Signaling andDrosophila Phototransduction. Irit Chorna-Ornan, Tamar Joel- ... A Common Mechanism Underlies Vertebrate Calcium Signaling andDrosophila Phototransduction. Irit Chorna-Ornan, Tamar Joel- ... A Common Mechanism Underlies Vertebrate Calcium Signaling andDrosophila Phototransduction Message Subject (Your Name) has ...

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/21/8/2622

This means researchers now have the tools to answer questions about how fast signals initiate, what terminates them, how quickly they terminate, how far they spread, how many channels it takes to kick off a signaling event, and many other questions that classical techniques simply couldn't answer. (brightsurf.com)

The latest Perspectives in General Physiology series introduces the newest technologies in the field of calcium signaling, which plays a central role in many cellular processes. (brightsurf.com)

Intracellular signaling pathways are often regulated by the second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and calcium ion (Ca2+). (qiagen.com)
The Cignal CRE Reporter Assay Kit is designed to monitor the activity of CREB-regulated signal transduction pathways in cultured cells. (qiagen.com)
Schematic highlighting the key steps in Ca 2+ signalling pathways. (els.net)
The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of postreceptor calcium signaling pathways in AVP-induced renal vasoconstriction in vivo. (ahajournals.org)
After AVP receptor stimulation, calcium mobilization and calcium entry signaling pathways participate to similar degrees in WKY and SHR. (ahajournals.org)
Bredesen, D.E. (2000) Apoptosis: Overview and signal transduction pathways [In Process Citation]. (scirp.org)
Two pathways of calcium signaling that regulated D2 autoreceptor-dependent GIRK signaling were identified, which distinctly affected desensitization and the magnitude of D2S and D2L receptor-dependent GIRK currents. (elifesciences.org)
TCR signaling pathways cooperate to activate the inducible transcription factors NF-κB, NFAT, and AP-1. (jimmunol.org)
The accessory HIV-1 protein Nef enhances viral replication by modulating multiple signaling pathways through a plethora of interactions with cellular proteins ( 3 ). (jimmunol.org)
Increases in the intracellular concentration of calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) activate various signaling pathways that lead to the expression of genes that are essential for dendritic development, neuronal survival, and synaptic plasticity. (sciencemag.org)
The mode of Ca 2+ entry into a neuron plays a key role in determining which signaling pathways are activated and thus specifies the cellular response to Ca 2+ . (sciencemag.org)
We developed a functional knock-in technique to investigate the features of LTCs that specifically couple them to the signaling pathways that regulate gene expression. (sciencemag.org)
The features of the LTC that specify its functions are not known, but one possibility is that Ca 2+ -binding proteins bound to the channel sense the local Ca 2+ concentration and selectively activate signaling pathways when the channel opens. (sciencemag.org)
To test this idea, we developed a strategy to introduce exogenous LTCs into primary neurons and to examine their ability to activate nuclear signaling pathways. (sciencemag.org)
However, activation of intracellular signaling pathways has also been demonstrated, indicating a more complex mechanism of increasing intracellular Ca 2 + concentration. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
Today the IP3 signaling pathway is well mapped out, and is known to be important in regulating a variety of calcium-dependent cell signaling pathways. (wikipedia.org)

QIAGEN provides a broad range of assay technologies for cAMP/calcium signaling research that enable nalysis of gene expression and regulation, epigenetic modification, genotyping, and signal transduction pathway activation. (qiagen.com)
The results indicate an important link in the coupling mechanism of vertebrate store-operated channels and Drosophila TRP channels, which involves the InsP 3 branch of the inositol lipid-signaling pathway. (jneurosci.org)
In this system hydrolysis of the phospholipid PIP 2 by phospholipase C (PLC) produces two second messengers: 1,4,5-inositol trisphosphate (InsP 3 ) and diacylglycerol (DAG), each eliciting a unique signaling pathway ( Berridge and Irvine, 1984 ). (jneurosci.org)
However, the involvement of downstream stages of the signaling pathway leading to opening of surface membrane channels remains elusive in Drosophila as it does in the coupling of entry channels in vertebrate PLC-coupled receptor responses. (jneurosci.org)
In the present study we reveal first that 2-APB reversibly and efficiently blocks the robust InsP 3 -mediated signaling pathway of Xenopus oocytes at a stage operating after production of InsP 3 but before its action in mediating the rise in cellular Ca 2+ . (jneurosci.org)
The researchers, led by Professor Daphne Atlas at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, found that both the Cav1.2 Timothy channel mutants G406R and G402S, activate gene programs (transcriptional activity) via the Ras/ERK/CREB cellular pathway, similar to the native (non-mutated) calcium channel Cav1.2. (eurekalert.org)
To induce IL-6 secretion in astrocytes, we used torin2 and rapamycin to block the PI3K-mTOR pathway and increase cytosolic calcium, respectively. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Further analysis revealed that cell death induced by this extract was associated with intracellular calcium release, opening of the MPTP, caspase 3- and PARP-cleavage suggesting that this extract induced aberrant calcium signaling that resulted in apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
In mammals, almost all cells possess a single primary cilium that houses the Sonic Hedgehog pathway ( Drummond, 2012 ) and mediates aspects of cell-cell signaling. (elifesciences.org)
Recent studies, highlighted in this review, started to interconnect PI3K pathway activation to Ca 2+ signaling. (ahajournals.org)
In this pathway, the role of the vitamin D pathway in calcium signaling in depression is shown. (wikipathways.org)
Additional studies used a well-characterised Ca 2+ transport pathway to generate cellular Ca 2+ signals, and examined their ability to trigger autophagy. (open.ac.uk)
However MIP-2 and FMLP signalling in S100A9 null neutrophils was less susceptible than wildtype to PLCbeta inhibition, revealing dis-regulation of the signalling pathway at this level. (open.ac.uk)
Ca 2+ -CaM binding to the LTC was necessary for activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which conveys local Ca 2+ signals from the mouth of the LTC to the nucleus. (sciencemag.org)
Collectively, our findings indicate that ketamine induces neuroapoptosis possibly through the dysregulated intracellular calcium, mitochondria, and microRNA pathway. (intechopen.com)
LNP is also required for infection by the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices , suggesting that LNP plays a role in the common signaling pathway shared by the rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbioses. (plantphysiol.org)
and considering the different evolutionary histories of these two symbioses, it is legitimate to surmise that the evolution of nodulation involved the recruitment of the preexisting mycorrhizal signaling pathway for the recognition of Nod factor. (plantphysiol.org)
At the core of this common symbiosis signaling ( SYM ) pathway are oscillations in nucleus-associated cytosolic calcium levels, termed calcium spiking, acting as a secondary messenger to induce gene expression. (plantphysiol.org)
Further research provided valuable information on the IP3 pathway, such as the discovery in 1986 that one of the many roles of the calcium released by IP3 is to work with DAG to activate protein kinase C (PKC). (wikipedia.org)

Other chapters examine the study of different systems, ranging from those found in yeast to those found in mammals, and several more are devoted to the cellular and molecular basis for calcium signaling, including explorations of receptors, calcium pumps, apoptosis, and drug delivery. (ebooks.com)
The other principal source of Ca2+ for signalling is the internal stores that are located primarily in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR), in which inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) or ryanodine receptors (RYRs) regulate the release of Ca2+. (genome.jp)
It is known that activated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are a major route of ex-cessive calcium ion (Ca2+) entry in central neu-rons, which may activate degradative processes and thereby cause cell death. (scirp.org)
However, most of receptors able to modify contractility and other intracellular responses signal through a variety of other messengers, and whether these signaling events are interconnected has long remained unclear. (ahajournals.org)
The results reveal that D2S, but not D2L receptors, exhibited calcium-dependent desensitization similar to that exhibited by endogenous autoreceptors. (elifesciences.org)
Correctly regulated T cell activation is underpinned by signaling events that are initiated by the binding of the cognate Ag to the TCR expressed on the cell surface, and amplified by the CD28 and other costimulatory receptors that act to augment TCR signaling ( 2 - 4 ). (jimmunol.org)
Incubation of cells in Ca2+-free media, inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels, inositol triphosphate receptor antagonism, and redistribution of actin to a thick layer adjacent to the plasma membrane abolished [Ca2+](i) oscillations, indicating that they were caused by a concerted action of inositol triphosphate receptors and capacitative calcium entry via plasma membrane channels. (diva-portal.org)
The results demonstrate a new mechanism for steroid signaling via plasma membrane receptors and underline a novel role for the steroid hormone, ouabain, as a physiological inducer of [Ca2+](i) oscillations involved in transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells. (diva-portal.org)

Anatomy28

Organisms10

Diseases17

Chemicals and Drugs142

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science2

Health Care2

BLNK required for coupling Syk to PLC gamma 2 and Rac1-JNK in B cells. (1/8321)

Skeletal muscle type ryanodine receptor is involved in calcium signaling in human B lymphocytes. (2/8321)

Characterization of elementary Ca2+ release signals in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons. (3/8321)

The beta subunit increases the Ca2+ sensitivity of large conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels by retaining the gating in the bursting states. (4/8321)

Fertilization, embryonic development, and offspring from mouse eggs injected with round spermatids combined with Ca2+ oscillation-inducing sperm factor. (5/8321)

Contributions of mitochondria to animal physiology: from homeostatic sensor to calcium signalling and cell death. (6/8321)

Isosmotic modulation of Ca2+-regulated exocytosis in guinea-pig antral mucous cells: role of cell volume. (7/8321)

Relationship between L-type Ca2+ current and unitary sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release events in rat ventricular myocytes. (8/8321)

Calcium Signaling

Calcium Channels

Calcium, Dietary

Calcium Carbonate

Calcium Phosphates

Calcium Isotopes

Calcium Chloride

Calcium Channels, L-Type

Calcium Oxalate

Calcium Gluconate

Calcium Radioisotopes

Calcium Compounds

Calcium Channels, N-Type

Egtazic Acid

Calcium Channel Agonists

Calcimycin

Calcium Hydroxide

Phosphorus

Nifedipine

Calcium Sulfate

Parathyroid Hormone

Membrane Potentials

Magnesium

Chelating Agents

Fura-2

Cells, Cultured

Calcium Citrate

Kinetics

Thapsigargin

S100 Calcium Binding Protein G

Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel

Calcium Pyrophosphate

Calcium Metabolism Disorders

Verapamil

Calcium-Binding Proteins

Dihydropyridines

Cytosol

Time Factors

Lanthanum

Patch-Clamp Techniques

Calcium Channels, P-Type

Diltiazem

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Potassium

Kidney Calculi

Hypocalcemia

Neurons

Aequorin

Intracellular Fluid

Calmodulin

Receptors, Calcium-Sensing

Calcium Channels, Q-Type

Strontium

Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors

Hypercalcemia

Ionophores

Vitamin D

Fluorescent Dyes

Ionomycin

Electrophysiology

Rabbits

Calcium Channels, R-Type

Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate

Sodium

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Bone and Bones

Intestinal Absorption

Caffeine

Adenosine Triphosphate

Homeostasis

omega-Conotoxin GVIA

Myocardium

Calcinosis

Signal Transduction

Nitrendipine

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Cell Line

Calcitriol

Ion Channels

Ryanodine