Calcium oxalate. Medical search

The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.

Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.

Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.

A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.

Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine.

Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.

Formation of stones in the KIDNEY.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER.

A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.

The sole species of the genus Oxalobacter consisting of straight or curved gram-negative rods with rounded ends. Cells are nonmotile, nonsporing, and use oxylates as the only source of CARBON and energy, with formate and CARBON DIOXIDE as end products. They are isolated from lake sediments and from the rumen or large bowel of humans and animals. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.

A glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) - anchored membrane protein found on the thick ascending limb of the LOOP OF HENLE. The cleaved form of the protein is found abundantly in URINE.

Inorganic compounds that contain magnesium as an integral part of the molecule.

A genetic disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of OXALATES in urine; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; early onset of RENAL FAILURE; and often a generalized deposit of CALCIUM OXALATE. There are subtypes classified by the enzyme defects in glyoxylate metabolism.

Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.

A plant family of the order Arales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida (monocot). Many members contain OXALIC ACID and calcium oxalate (OXALATES).

Excretion of abnormally high level of CALCIUM in the URINE, greater than 4 mg/kg/day.

Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.

Conjugated proteins in which mucopolysaccharides are combined with proteins. The mucopolysaccharide moiety is the predominant group with the protein making up only a small percentage of the total weight.

A group of phosphate minerals that includes ten mineral species and has the general formula X5(YO4)3Z, where X is usually calcium or lead, Y is phosphorus or arsenic, and Z is chlorine, fluorine, or OH-. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Stones in the URINARY BLADDER; also known as vesical calculi, bladder stones, or cystoliths.

Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.

Calcium compounds used as food supplements or in food to supply the body with calcium. Dietary calcium is needed during growth for bone development and for maintenance of skeletal integrity later in life to prevent osteoporosis.

A negatively-charged extracellular matrix protein that plays a role in the regulation of BONE metabolism and a variety of other biological functions. Cell signaling by osteopontin may occur through a cell adhesion sequence that recognizes INTEGRIN ALPHA-V BETA-3.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

A procedure consisting of the SURGICAL ANASTOMOSIS of the proximal part of the JEJUNUM to the distal portion of the ILEUM, so as to bypass the nutrient-absorptive segment of the SMALL INTESTINE. Due to the severe malnutrition and life-threatening metabolic complications, this method is no longer used to treat MORBID OBESITY.

A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.

A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID which contain an hydroxy group attached to the methyl carbon.

A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

A condition characterized by the formation of CALCULI and concretions in the hollow organs or ducts of the body. They occur most often in the gallbladder, kidney, and lower urinary tract.

Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.

Unstable isotopes of calcium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ca atoms with atomic weights 39, 41, 45, 47, 49, and 50 are radioactive calcium isotopes.

Microscopy using polarized light in which phenomena due to the preferential orientation of optical properties with respect to the vibration plane of the polarized light are made visible and correlated parameters are made measurable.

A high-molecular-weight protein (approximately 22,500) containing 198 amino acid residues. It is a strong inhibitor of trypsin and human plasmin.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.

An abnormal concretion occurring mostly in the urinary and biliary tracts, usually composed of mineral salts. Also called stones.

Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.

An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.

The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

The insertion of a catheter through the skin and body wall into the kidney pelvis, mainly to provide urine drainage where the ureter is not functional. It is used also to remove or dissolve renal calculi and to diagnose ureteral obstruction.

A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors.

One of the largest genera of BROWN ALGAE, comprised of more than 150 species found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate zones of both hemispheres. Some species are attached (benthic) but most float in the open sea (pelagic). Sargassum provides a critical habitat for hundreds of species of FISHES; TURTLES; and INVERTEBRATES.

Serum proteins that have the most rapid migration during ELECTROPHORESIS. This subgroup of globulins is divided into faster and slower alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-globulins.

A salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magnesium poisoning.

Stable calcium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element calcium, but differ in atomic weight. Ca-42-44, 46, and 48 are stable calcium isotopes.

Surgical creation of an opening (stoma) in the URINARY BLADDER for drainage.

A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.

A plant genus of the family ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Members contain steroidal saponins. Ingestion by grazing animals causes PHOTOSENSITIVITY DISORDERS called geeldikkop (yellow thick head) in South Africa.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of negatively charged molecules (anions) across a biological membrane.

Small computers using LSI (large-scale integration) microprocessor chips as the CPU (central processing unit) and semiconductor memories for compact, inexpensive storage of program instructions and data. They are smaller and less expensive than minicomputers and are usually built into a dedicated system where they are optimized for a particular application. "Microprocessor" may refer to just the CPU or the entire microcomputer.

Relationship between supersaturation and calcium oxalate crystallization in normals and idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers. (1/363)

BACKGROUND: In an earlier study on recurrent CaOx stone formers with no detectable abnormalities, we found that the urine of these subjects had a lower tolerance to oxalate load than controls and that the removal of urinary macromolecules with a molecular weight greater than 10,000 D improved their tolerance to oxalate. METHODS: The effects on CaOx crystallization of reduced urinary supersaturation of calcium oxalate (CaOx), induced by night water load, were studied in 12 normal males and in 15 male OxCa stone formers who were free from urinary metabolic abnormalities. The effect of the macromolecules, purified and retrieved from the natural and diluted urine, were analyzed in a metastable solution of CaOx. RESULTS: The water load caused an increase in urine volume (from 307 +/- 111 to 572 +/- 322 ml/8 hr, P = 0.014 in normal subjects, and from 266 +/- 92 to 518 +/- 208 ml/8 hr, P = 0.001 in the stone formers) and a concomitant reduction of the relative CaOx supersaturation (from 8.7 +/- 2.5 to 5.1 +/- 2.5 ml/8 hr, P = 0.001 in normal subjects, and from 10.4 +/- 3.5 to 5.0 +/- 2.7 ml/8 hr, P = 0.001 in the stone formers). The decrease in CaOx supersaturation was accompanied by an increase of the permissible increment in oxalate, both in normal subjects (from 43.8 +/- 10.1 to 67.2 +/- 30. 3 mg/liter, P = 0.018) and in the stone formers (from 25.7 +/- 9.4 to 43.7 +/- 17.1 mg/liter, P = 0.0001), without any significant variations of the upper limit of metastability for CaOx (from 21.6 +/- 5.3 to 20.5 +/- 4.2 mg/liter in normal subjects, and from 18.7 +/- 4.5 to 17.1 +/- 3.7 mg/liter in the stone formers). The inhibitory effect of urinary macromolecules with molecular weight greater than 10,000 Daltons did not undergo any change when the latter were recovered from concentrated or diluted urine, either in normal subjects or in the stone formers. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced CaOx supersaturation by means of water load has a protective effect with regards to CaOx crystallization in subjects who do not present any of the common urinary stone risk factors. (+info)

Cell type-specific acquired protection from crystal adherence by renal tubule cells in culture. (2/363)

BACKGROUND: Adherence of crystals to the surface of renal tubule epithelial cells is considered an important step in the development of nephrolithiasis. Previously, we demonstrated that functional monolayers formed by the renal tubule cell line, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK), acquire protection against the adherence of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. We now examined whether this property is cell type specific. The susceptibility of the cells to crystal binding was further studied under different culture conditions. METHODS: Cell-type specificity and the influence of the growth substrate was tested by comparing calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal binding to LLC-PK1 cells and to two MDCK strains cultured on either permeable or impermeable supports. These cell lines are representative for the renal proximal tubule (LLC-PK1) and distal tubule/collecting duct (MDCK) segments of the nephron, in which crystals are expected to be absent and present, respectively. RESULTS: Whereas relatively large amounts of crystals adhered to subconfluent MDCK cultures, the level of crystal binding to confluent monolayers was reduced for both MDCK strains. On permeable supports, MDCK cells not only obtained a higher level of morphological differentiation, but also acquired a higher degree of protection than on impermeable surfaces. Crystals avidly adhered to LLC-PK1 cells, irrespective of their developmental stage or growth substrate used. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the prevention of crystal binding is cell type specific and expressed only by differentiated MDCK cells. The anti-adherence properties acquired by MDCK cells may mirror a specific functional characteristic of its in situ equivalent, the renal distal tubule/collecting ducts. (+info)

Nucleation of calcium oxalate crystals by albumin: involvement in the prevention of stone formation. (3/363)

BACKGROUND: Urine is supersaturated in calcium oxalate, which means that it will contain calcium oxalate crystals that form spontaneously. Their size must be controlled to prevent retention in ducts and the eventual development of a lithiasis. This is achieved, in part, by specific inhibitors of crystal growth. We investigated whether promoters of crystal nucleation could also participate in that control, because for the same amount of salt that will precipitate from a supersaturated solution, increasing the number of crystals will decrease their average size and facilitate their elimination. METHODS: Albumin was purified from commercial sources and from the urine of healthy subjects or idiopathic calcium stone formers. Its aggregation properties were characterized by biophysical and biochemical techniques. Albumin was then either attached to several supports or left free in solution and incubated in a metastable solution of calcium oxalate. Kinetics of calcium oxalate crystallization were determined by turbidimetry. The nature and efficiency of nucleation were measured by examining the type and number of neoformed crystals. RESULTS: Albumin, one of the most abundant proteins in urine, was a powerful nucleator of calcium oxalate crystals in vitro, with the polymers being more active than monomers. In addition, nucleation by albumin apparently led exclusively to the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals, whereas calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals were formed in the absence of albumin. An analysis of calcium oxalate crystals in urine showed that the dihydrate form was present in healthy subjects and stone formers, whereas the monohydrate, which is thermodynamically more stable and constitutes the core of most calcium oxalate stones, was present in stone formers only. Finally, urinary albumin purified from healthy subjects contained significantly more polymers and was a stronger promoter of calcium oxalate nucleation than albumin from idiopathic calcium stone formers. CONCLUSIONS: Promotion by albumin of calcium oxalate crystallization with specific formation of the dihydrate form might be protective, because with rapid nucleation of small crystals, the saturation levels fall; thus, larger crystal formation and aggregation with subsequent stone formation may be prevented. We believe that albumin may be an important factor of urine stability. (+info)

Temporal changes in mRNA expression for bikunin in the kidneys of rats during calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. (4/363)

Inter-alpha-inhibitor and other bikunin-containing proteins are synthesized in relatively large quantities by the liver. These proteins function as Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors and appear capable of inhibiting calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization in vitro. Preliminary studies have shown that renal tubular epithelial cells synthesize bikunin in response to CaOx challenge. To examine this response in vivo, a sensitive reverse transcription-quantitative competitive template-PCR was developed to detect and quantify poly(A)+ -tailed bikunin mRNA expression in kidney tissue from normal rats and rats developing CaOx nephrolithiasis after challenge with ethylene glycol. Bikunin mRNA expression in rat liver tissue was assessed as a positive control. The expression of bikunin mRNA in liver did not differ significantly between normal control rats and experimental rats with induced hyperoxaluria and renal CaOx crystallization. In contrast, there were significant temporal increases in the levels of bikunin mRNA expression in rat kidneys during CaOx nephrolithiasis after challenge with ethylene glycol. Urinary excretion of bikunin-containing proteins seemed to increase concomitantly. These findings indicate an association between the induction of hyperoxaluria/CaOx nephrolithiasis and the expression of the bikunin gene in rat kidneys. (+info)

Essential arterial hypertension and stone disease. (5/363)

BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies have shown that nephrolithiasis is more frequently found in hypertensive patients than in normotensive subjects, but the pathogenic link between hypertension and stone disease is still not clear. METHODS: Between 1984 and 1991, we studied the baseline stone risk profile, including supersaturation of lithogenic salts, in 132 patients with stable essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure of more than 95 mm Hg) without stone disease and 135 normotensive subjects (diastolic blood pressure less than 85 mm Hg) without stone disease who were matched for age and sex (controls). Subsequently, both controls and hypertensives were followed up for at least five years to check on the eventual formation of kidney stones. RESULTS: Baseline urine levels in hypertensive males were different from that of normotensive males with regards to calcium (263 vs. 199 mg/day), magnesium (100 vs. 85 mg/day), uric acid (707 vs. 586 mg/day), and oxalate (34.8 vs. 26.5 mg/day). Moreover, the urine of hypertensive males was more supersaturated for calcium oxalate (8.9 vs. 6.1) and calcium phosphate (1.39 vs. 0.74). Baseline urine levels in hypertensive females were different from that of normotensive females with regards to calcium (212 vs. 154 mg/day), phosphorus (696 vs. 614 mg/day), and oxalate (26.2 vs. 21.7 mg/day), and the urine of hypertensive females was more supersaturated for calcium oxalate (7.1 vs. 4.8). These urinary alterations were only partially dependent on the greater body mass index in hypertensive patients. During the follow-up, 19 out of 132 hypertensive patients and 4 out of 135 normotensive patients had stone episodes (14.3 vs. 2.9%, chi-square 11.07, P = 0.001; odds ratio 5.5, 95% CI, 1.82 to 16.66). Of the 19 stone-former hypertensive patients, 12 formed calcium calculi, 5 formed uric acid calculi, and 2 formed nondetermined calculi. Of the urinary factors for lithogenous risk, those with the greatest predictive value were supersaturation of calcium oxalate for calcium calculi and uric acid supersaturation for uric acid calculi. CONCLUSIONS: A significant percentage of hypertensive subjects has a greater risk of renal stone formation, especially when hypertension is associated with excessive body weight. Higher oxaluria and calciuria as well as supersaturation of calcium oxalate and uric acid appear to be the most important factors. Excessive weight and consumption of salt and animal proteins may also play an important role. (+info)

Calcium oxalate crystals (Weddellite) within the secretions of ductal carcinoma in situ--a rare phenomenon. (6/363)

A case is described in which calcium oxalate (Weddellite) crystals were identified in an area of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Seventy other cases were examined but no evidence of Weddellite was detected. This is evidently a rare phenomenon in carcinoma in situ. (+info)

Plasma calcium oxalate supersaturation in children with primary hyperoxaluria and end-stage renal failure. (7/363)

BACKGROUND: Children with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH 1) are at great risk to develop systemic oxalosis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), as endogenous oxalate production exceeds oxalate removal by dialytic therapy. As oxalate accumulates, calcium oxalate (CaOx) tissue deposition occurs. Children with other causes of ESRD, however, are not prone to CaOx deposition despite elevated plasma oxalate (POx) levels. METHODS: Our study objective was to examine the potential mechanisms for these observations. We measured POx, sulfate, citrate, and calculated CaOx saturation (betaCaOx) in 7 children with ESRD caused by PH 1 and in 33 children with non-PH-related ESRD. Maintenance hemodialysis (HD) was performed in 6 PH 1 and 22 non-PH patients: Pre- and post-HD levels were analyzed at this point and were repeated twice within 12 months in 5 PH 1 and 14 non-PH patients. Samples were obtained only once in 12 patients (one PH 1) on peritoneal dialysis (PD). After liver-kidney or kidney transplantation, plasma levels were measured repetitively. RESULTS: The mean POx was higher in PH 1 (125.7 +/- 17.9 micromol/liter) than in non-PH patients (44.2 +/- 3.3 micromol/liter, P < 10(-4)). All other determined anions did not differ between the two groups. betaCaOx was higher in PH 1 (4.71 +/- 0.69 relative units) compared with non-PH children (1.56 +/- 0.12 units, P < 10(-4)). POx and betaCaOx were correlated in both the PH 1 (r = 0.98, P < 2 x 10(-4)) and the non-PH group (r = 0.98, P < 10(-4)). POx and betaCaOx remained stable over time in the non-PH children, whereas an insignificant decline was observed in PH 1 patients after six months of more aggressive dialysis. betaCaOx was supersaturated (more than 1) in all PH 1 and in 25 out of 33 non-PH patients. Post-HD betaCaOx remained more than 1 in all PH 1, but in only 2 out of 22 non-PH patients. In non-PH children, POx and betaCaOx decreased to normal within three weeks after successful kidney transplantation, whereas the levels still remained elevated seven months after combined liver-kidney transplantation in two PH 1 patients. CONCLUSION: Systemic oxalosis in PH 1 children with ESRD is due to higher POx and betaCaOx levels. As betaCaOx remained supersaturated in PH 1 even after aggressive HD, oxalate accumulation increases, and CaOx tissue deposition occurs. Therefore, sufficient reduction of POx and betaCaOx is crucial in PH 1 and might only be achieved by early, preemptive, combined liver-kidney transplantation or liver transplantation alone. (+info)

Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth and aggregation by prothrombin and its fragments in vitro: relationship between protein structure and inhibitory activity. (8/363)

During blood coagulation, prothrombin (PT) is ultimately degraded to three fragments, thrombin, fragment 1 (F1) and fragment 2 (F2), which, collectively, contain all of the structural features of PT. One of these fragments, F1, is excreted in human urine and is the principal protein occluded into calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals precipitated from it. This urinary form of F1, which we have named urinary prothrombin fragment 1 is present in calcium stones and is a potent inhibitor of CaOx crystallization in urine in vitro. The aim of this study was to determine whether PT itself and its other activation products, namely, thrombin, F1 and F2 also inhibit CaOx crystallization, by comparing their effects in a seeded, inorganic crystallization system. A secondary objective was to assess the relationship between the structures of the proteins and their inhibitory activities. PT was isolated from a human blood concentrate rich in vitamin K-dependent proteins. Following initial cleavage by thrombin, the resulting fragments, F1 and F2, were purified by a combination of reversed phase HPLC and low pressure column chromatography. The purity of the proteins was confirmed by SDS/PAGE and their individual effects on CaOx crystallization were determined at the same concentration (16.13 nM) in a seeded, metastable solution of CaOx using a Coulter Counter. [14C]Oxalate was used to assess deposition of CaOx and crystals were visualized using scanning electron microscopy. The Coulter Counter data revealed that the proteins reduced the size of precipitated crystals in the order F1 > PT > F2 > thrombin. These findings were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy which showed that the reduction in particle size resulted from a decrease in the degree of crystal aggregation. [14C]Oxalate analysis demonstrated that all proteins inhibited mineral deposition, in the order F1 (44%) > PT (27.4%) > thrombin (10.2%) > F2 (6.5%). It was concluded that the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain of PT and F1, which is absent from thrombin and F2, is the region of the molecules which determines their potent inhibitory effects. The superior potency of F1, in comparison with PT, probably results from the molecule's greater charge to mass ratio. (+info)

Calcium oxalate urolithiasis. A stone that crystallizes in the bladder and kidney. Dystocia. An abnormal labor due to large- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic_Shorthair

Calcium sulfate (anhydrite, hemihydrate, gypsum); Calcium oxalate (e.g., beerstone); Barium sulfate (barite); Magnesium ... calcium carbonate or calcium sulfate) Particulate fouling, i.e., accumulation of particles, typically colloidal particles, on a ... Calcium sulfate is a common precipitation foulant of heating surfaces due to its retrograde solubility. Precipitation fouling ... For example, calcium sulfate decreases its solubility with decreasing pressure. This can lead to precipitation fouling of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fouling

Calcium oxalate Druse Plant defense against herbivory Webb, M. A. (1999). "Cell-Mediated Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate in ... Many plants accumulate calcium oxalate crystals in response to surplus calcium, which is found throughout the natural ... are needle-shaped crystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate (prismatic monoclinic crystals) or calcium carbonate as aragonite ( ... In one study of over 100 species, it was found that calcium oxalate accounted for 6.3% of plant dry weight. Crystal morphology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphide

Oxalate is the anion of a salt of oxalic acid; oxalotrophs often consume calcium oxalate. Oxalotrophic bacteria are often ... Oxalotrophic bacteria are bacteria capable of using oxalate as their sole source of carbon and energy. ... the oxalate-carbonate pathway as a model for metabolic interaction". Environmental Microbiology. 14 (11): 2960-70. doi:10.1111/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxalotrophic

G. berkeleyi can be distinguished from other species of Geastrum by the flat bipyramidal shape of the calcium oxalate crystals ... Krisai, I; Mrazek, Ernst (September 1986). "Calcium oxalate crystals in Geastrum". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 154 (3-4): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geastrum_berkeleyi

This plant contains calcium oxalate crystals. After ingestion, a dog may have a hard time swallowing, begin drooling, or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substances_poisonous_to_dogs

... is an excessive urinary excretion of oxalate. Individuals with hyperoxaluria often have calcium oxalate kidney ... In these cases, hyperoxaluria is caused by excessive gastrointestinal oxalate absorption. Excessive intake of oxalate- ... and should be treated by limiting dietary oxalate and providing calcium supplementation. A child with primary hyperoxaluria was ... Type I primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is associated mutations in the gene encoding AGXT, a key enzyme involved in oxalate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperoxaluria

Crystals of calcium oxalate are in the leaf mesophyll. Most species are cyanogenetic. Protocyanidins, flavonols, saponins, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canellaceae

In kidney stones, calcium oxalate is the most common mineral type (see Nephrolithiasis). Uric acid is the second most common ... but an in vitro study showed uric acid stones and crystals can promote the formation of calcium oxalate stones. Stones can ... "Uric Acid as Inducer of Calcium Oxalate Crystal Development". Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. 41 (1): 26-31. ... Principal compositions include oxalate and urate. Calculi of the gallbladder and bile ducts are called gallstones and are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_(medicine)

... s of calcium oxalate may function as a deterrent to herbivores, as a means of sequestering or storing calcium, or as a ... The most common substance for crystal is calcium oxalate, a common product from calcium abundance in plants. Avocado isoblasts ... Arcacaea produce calcium oxalate raphides for defense against herbivores. When damaged, sap from the plant of saliva from the ... Some can contain mineral crystals such as acrid tasting and poisonous calcium oxalate or carbonate or silica. Any of the tissue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioblast

Oxalic acid binds with calcium to form calcium oxalate crystals which may deposit and cause damage to many areas of the body ... it can be treated with calcium replacement although calcium supplementation can increase the precipitation of calcium oxalate ... The diagnosis may be suspected when calcium oxalate crystals are seen in the urine or when acidosis or an increased osmol gap ... The most significant effect is accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys which causes kidney damage leading to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene_glycol_poisoning

... s are made up of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. The mechanism of their formation is not known. ... Microcalcifications are tiny deposits of calcium salts that are too small to be felt but can be detected by imaging. They can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcalcification

Calcium oxalate is a common compound found in many fungi, including the earthstars. Curtis Gates Lloyd was the first to note ... A study has shown that the formation of calcium oxalate crystals on the hyphae that form the endoperidial layer of the ... Horner HT, Tiffany LH, Cody AM (1983). "Calcium oxalate bipyramidal crystals on the basidiocarps of Geastrum minus ( ... Whitney, Kenneth D; Arnott, Howard J (1986). "Morphology and development of calcium oxalate deposits in Gilbertella persicaria ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geastrum_saccatum

Calcium oxalate is the most common component of kidney stones. Early investigators isolated oxalic acid from wood-sorrel ( ... Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) decreases urinary oxalate in both humans and rats. ^a Unless otherwise cited, all measurements ... The toxicity of oxalic acid is due to kidney failure caused by precipitation of solid calcium oxalate, the main component of ... Rhubarb leaves contain about 0.5% oxalic acid, and jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) contains calcium oxalate crystals. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxalic_acid

Calcium oxalate crystals have also been isolated from D. thapsi. In 1841 Pierre Edmond Boissier considered it the most similar ... Calcium quantity affects the redox chemical reactions in the cells. Without calcium, changes in antioxidant function were ... 1995). "Calcium restriction induces cardenolide accumulation in cell suspension cultures of Digitalis thapsi L". Plant Cell ... In another study, lack of calcium retarded growth and promoted digoxin formation. Manganese sulfate and lithium chloride also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalis_thapsi

... calcium oxalate, urate, cystine, calcium phosphate, and silicate. Struvite and calcium oxalate stones are by far the most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dog_diseases

... calcium oxalate, urate, cystine, calcium phosphate, and silicate. Struvite and calcium oxalate stones are by far the most ... Calcium oxalate stones form in an acidic to neutral urine. Two types naturally occur, calcium oxalate monohydrate, or ... Calcium phosphate is usually a component of struvite or calcium oxalate stones and is infrequently a pure stone. They form more ... There is no recommended diet to dissolve calcium oxalate stones. For prevention a diet low in protein and oxalates and high in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladder_stone_(animal)

Calcium oxalate correlates with severity of fat malabsorption in celiac disease. CD is associated with two grades of disease ... The role of steatorrhea and dietary calcium in regulating intestinal oxalate absorption". The American Journal of Digestive ... One prime example is calcium channel obstruction in the brain and dementia. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that ... Such calcium channel blockages can cause visual problems or partial field hallucinations (Paroxysmal visual manifestations). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten-sensitive_enteropathy–associated_conditions

... where it precipitates with calcium to form calcium oxalate kidney stones. The role and presence of O. formigenes in the human ... 2013). "The role of Oxalobacter formigenes colonization in calcium oxalate stone disease". Kidney Int. 83 (June): 1144-9. doi: ... Oxalobacter formigenes is an oxalate-degrading anaerobic bacterium that colonizes the large intestines of numerous vertebrates ... then the GI tract cannot degrade dietary oxalates which on digestion get absorbed easily and after some vitamin B6-modulated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxalobacter_formigenes

Under stress conditions (e.g. water deficit) oxalate released from calcium oxalate crystals is converted to CO2 by an oxalate ... Alarm photosynthesis is a variation of photosynthesis where calcium oxalate crystals function as dynamic carbon pools, ... Calcium Oxalate Crystals as an Internal CO2 Source in Plants". Plant Physiology. 171 (4): 2577-2585. doi:10.1104/pp.16.00111. ... "Decomposition of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Colobanthus quitensis under CO2 Limiting Conditions". Plants. 9 (10): 1307. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alarm_photosynthesis

Calcium oxalate is a common crystalline compound found in many fungi, including the earthstars. The presence of calcium oxalate ... The formation of calcium oxalate crystals stretches the layers of the outer walls, pushing apart the inner and outer layers of ... The calcium oxalate crystals occur in the tetragonal form, known as weddellite. A study on the related species Geastrum ... Like several other earthstars, crystals of calcium oxalate are found on G. pectinatum, and are thought to be involved in fruit ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geastrum_pectinatum

... reducing the risk of calcium oxalate kidney stones. In people who have had multiple episodes of calcium oxalate kidney stones, ... Pearle MS, Roehrborn CG, Pak CY (November 1999). "Meta-analysis of randomized trials for medical prevention of calcium oxalate ... Hypercalcemia (high blood calcium level) can occur in normal persons exposed to chlortalidone but is more likely to occur when ... It is also used to prevent calcium-based kidney stones. It is taken by mouth. Effects generally begin within three hours and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlortalidone

... /ˈhjuːəlaɪt/ is a mineral, hydrated calcium oxalate, formula Ca C2O4·H2O. Because of its organic content it is ... Whewellite, or at least crystalline calcium oxalate, does also arise from biological sources. Small crystals or flakes of it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whewellite

"Potassium-magnesium citrate is an effective prophylaxis against recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis". J Urol. 158 (6): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_citrate

Calcium should be precipitated out of 0.1 mL of the blood sample serum as calcium oxalate. After that, the decomposition of the ... Calcium in the body should be determined accurately to ensure that the Gadodiamide does not have adverse effects on the patient ... This method for calcium determination is efficient and effective, requiring a minimal amount of blood serum sample and a ... calcium oxalate should occur by heat. Then, the sample should be estimated colorimetrically by o-cresolphthalein complexone. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-Cresolphthalein

A huge range of inclusions exist in different cell types, and range from crystals of calcium oxalate or silicon dioxide in ... Prychid, Christina J.; Rudall, Paula J. (1999). "Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Monocotyledons: A Review of their Structure and ... Movement of calcium ions in and out of the cytoplasm is a signaling activity for metabolic processes. In plants, movement of ... Hogan CM (2010). "Calcium". In Jorgensen A, Cleveland C (eds.). Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasm

Other compounds in the extract include tannins and other polyphenols, and calcium oxalate. It is listed as an ingredient in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quillaia

Most stones are compounds containing calcium such as calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. The first recommended investigation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureter

Druse (botany) crystals of calcium oxalate, silicates, or carbonates present in plants Raphide elongate calcium oxalate ... In contrast, mineralized calcium secretions in cacti are composed of calcium oxalates. The silica is absorbed in the form of ... Finally, calcium oxalates serve as a reserve of carbon dioxide. Cacti use these as a reserve for photosynthesis during the day ... Because they are made of the inorganic substances silica or calcium oxalate, phytoliths don't decay with the rest of the plant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytolith

... serratum contain needle-like calcium oxalate crystals, saponins, and coniine. Toxicity is especially concentrated in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arisaema_serratum

Cote, G. G. (2009). "Diversity and distribution of idioblasts producing calcium oxalate crystals in Dieffenbachia seguine ( ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauline

Calcium oxalate - Ca(C2O4). *Calcium oxychloride - CaOCl2. *Calcium perchlorate - Ca(ClO4)2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_inorganic_compounds

Carbasalate calcium. *Indobufen. *Triflusal. Thromboxane inhibitors. *Thromboxane synthase inhibitors *Dipyridamole (+ aspirin) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrinolysis

E302 calcium ascorbate (approved for use as a food additive in the EU,[88] U.S.[89] and Australia and New Zealand)[90] ... 3-diketogluonate and then oxalate. These three compounds are also excreted via urine. Humans are better than guinea pigs at ... However, taking vitamin C in the form of sodium ascorbate and calcium ascorbate may minimize this effect.[29] Other symptoms ... The most commonly used supplement compounds are ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate and calcium ascorbate.[2] Vitamin C molecules ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-ascorbic_acid

For example, whewellite, CaC2O4⋅H2O is an oxalate that can be deposited in hydrothermal ore veins. While hydrated calcium ... In a limestone, calcite or aragonite (both CaCO3) form because the rock is rich in calcium and carbonate. A corollary is that a ... For example, the plagioclase feldspars comprise a continuous series from sodium-rich end member albite (NaAlSi3O8) to calcium- ... Epidotes are built around the structure [(SiO4)(Si2O7)]10− structure; for example, the mineral species epidote has calcium, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral

Calcium channel blockers. *renin-angiotensin system *ACE inhibitors. *Angiotensin II receptor antagonists ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiemetic

The hormone prolactin stimulates lactation (production of breast milk). Dopamine, released by the hypothalamus stops the release of prolactin from the pituitary gland. Domperidone, by acting as an anti-dopaminergic agent, results in increased prolactin secretion, and thus promotes lactation (that is, it is a galactogogue). In some nations, including Australia, domperidone is used off-label, based on uncertain and anecdotal evidence of its usefulness, as a therapy for mothers who are having difficulty breastfeeding.[24][25] In the United States, domperidone is not approved for this or any other use.[26][27] A study called the EMPOWER trial was designed to assess the effectiveness and safety of domperidone in assisting mothers of preterm babies to supply breast milk for their infants.[28] The study randomized 90 mothers of preterm babies to receive either domperidone 10 mg orally three times daily for 28 days (Group A) or placebo 10 mg orally three times daily for 14 days followed by domperidone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domperidone

Carbasalate calcium. *Indobufen. *Triflusal. Thromboxane inhibitors. *Thromboxane synthase inhibitors *Dipyridamole (+ aspirin) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drotrecogin_alfa

Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine ... The metal is extracted from the solution as oxalate and converted to oxide by heating. The oxide is reduced to metal by heating ... shows the same structure as calcium oxide (CaO).[8] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbium

Cholestyramine also binds with oxalate in the GI tract, ultimately reducing urine oxalate and calcium oxalate stone formation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colestyramine

An increased plasma transferrin level is often seen in patients suffering from iron deficiency anemia, during pregnancy, and with the use of oral contraceptives, reflecting an increase in transferrin protein expression. When plasma transferrin levels rise, there is a reciprocal decrease in percent transferrin iron saturation, and a corresponding increase in total iron binding capacity in iron deficient states[14] A decreased plasma transferrin can occur in iron overload diseases and protein malnutrition. An absence of transferrin results from a rare genetic disorder known as atransferrinemia, a condition characterized by anemia and hemosiderosis in the heart and liver that leads to heart failure and many other complications. Transferrin and its receptor have been shown to diminish tumour cells when the receptor is used to attract antibodies.[9] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferrin

... and cocoa contain moderate to high amounts of oxalate,[86][87] which may increase the risk of kidney stones.[88] ... Chocolate is a good source (10-19% DV) of calcium, magnesium and iron. ... Schroder, Theresa; Vanhanen, Leo; Savage, Geoffrey P. (2011). "Oxalate content in commercially produced cocoa and dark ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate

Calcium-oxalate crystals are predominantly prismatic crystals and druses type. Powder microscopical examination showed presence ... Calcium oxalate crystals were predominantly prismatic type. Powder microscopical examination showed presence of xylem ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phanera_variegata

Finally, metal oxalate salts release CO upon heating, leaving a carbonate as byproduct:. Na. 2C. 2O. 4 → Na. 2CO. 3 + CO. ... which releases CO and leaves behind zinc oxide and calcium oxide:. Zn + CaCO3 → ZnO + CaO + CO. Silver nitrate and iodoform ... Another method is heating an intimate mixture of powdered zinc metal and calcium carbonate, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide

Other preparations use calcium carbonate.[98] Taking it with vitamin C has been investigated as a method of protecting the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylsalicylic_acid

Blood is drawn into a test tube containing oxalate or citrate, molecules which act as an anticoagulant by binding the calcium ... Next, an excess of calcium (in a phospholipid suspension) is mixed into the plasma sample (to reverse the anticoagulant effect ... of the oxalate enabling the blood to clot again).. *Finally, in order to activate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, an ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_thromboplastin_time

Under stress conditions (e.g. water deficit) oxalate released from calcium oxalate crystals is converted to CO2 by an oxalate ... Calcium oxalate accumulating plants, such as Amaranthus hybridus and Colobanthus quitensis, showed a variation of ... Calcium Oxalate Crystals as an Internal CO 2 Source in Plants". Plant Physiology. 171 (4): 2577-2585. doi:10.1104/pp.16.00111. ... "Decomposition of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Colobanthus quitensis under CO2 Limiting Conditions". Plants. 9 (10): 1307. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis

For instance, calcium dissolution tests have shown that other ions present in the medium can be well resolved among themselves ... including detecting the limits of oxalate, iodide, sulfate, sulfamate, phosphate, as well as various electrolytes including ... resulting in the extraction of ammonia in addition to the release of calcium.[13][unreliable source?] It was in the fifties and ... and also from the calcium ion. Therefore, IC has been employed in drugs in the form of tablets and capsules in order to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography

The nonsugar content includes many salts, such as calcium, potassium, oxalate, and chloride. It contains betaine and the ... Unlike highly refined sugars, it contains significant amounts of vitamin B6 and minerals, including calcium, magnesium, iron, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molasses

Magnesium (Mg2+) oxalate is 567 times more soluble than calcium oxalate, so the latter is more likely to precipitate out when ... A salt with this anion is sometimes called an acid oxalate, monobasic oxalate, or hydrogen oxalate. The equilibrium constant (K ... "oxalate(2−) (CHEBI:30623)". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 January 2019. oxalate(2−) (CHEBI:30623) is conjugate base of oxalate(1 ... In studies with rats, calcium supplements given along with foods high in oxalic acid can cause calcium oxalate to precipitate ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxalate

Oxalate has a mechanism similar to that of citrate. It is the anticoagulant used in fluoride oxalate tubes used to determine ... It binds the calcium, but not as strongly as EDTA. Correct proportion of this anticoagulant to blood is crucial because of the ... Apart from heparin, most of these chemicals work by binding calcium ions, preventing the coagulation proteins from using them. ... Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) strongly and irreversibly chelates (binds) calcium ions, preventing blood from clotting. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulants

Since the ingested food will not pass through the duodenum after a bypass procedure, calcium levels in the blood may decrease, ... Hyperoxaluria that can potentially lead to oxalate nephropathy and irreversible renal failure is the most significant ... The highest concentration of calcium transporters is in the duodenum. ... osteopenia and secondary hyperparathyroidism have been reported after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery due to reduced calcium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipotomy

Cooking the leaves with baking soda can make them more poisonous by producing soluble oxalates.[44] The leaves are believed to ... calcium carbonate). ... "Oxalate content of foods and its effect on humans" (PDF). Asia ... It is thought that both fatal and non-fatal cases of rhubarb poisoning have not been caused by oxalates, but rather by toxic ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhubarb

The carbonate minerals consist of those minerals containing the anion (CO3)2- and include calcite and aragonite (both calcium ... Minerals of the organic class include various oxalates, mellitates, citrates, cyanates, acetates, formates, hydrocarbons and ... For example the plagioclase feldspars comprise a continuous series from sodium-rich albite (NaAlSi3O8) to calcium-rich ... The halides are the group of minerals forming the natural salts and include fluorite (calcium fluoride), halite (sodium ...

https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/खनिज

... like calcium) to form salts. The word acid is derived from the Latin acidus/acēre meaning sour.[3] An aqueous solution of an ... or oxalate, respectively, for the acids mentioned). Few, if any, of the acids discussed in the following are Lewis acids. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acids

Potassium oxalate Calcium phosphate Calcium carbonate Bioactive glasses (SiO2-P2O5-CaO-Na2O) ... calcium carbonate, hydroxyapatite and calcium sodium phosphosilicate.[1] Desensitizing chewing gums[19] and mouthwashes are ... Oxalate products are also used because they reduce dentin permeability and occlude tubules more consistently. However, while ... Porciani, P. F; Chazine, M; Grandini, S (2014). "A clinical study of the efficacy of a new chewing gum containing calcium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentin_hypersensitivity

The solution is treated with ammonium oxalate to convert rare earths to their insoluble oxalates, the oxalates are converted to ... Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine ... They are then precipitated as their insoluble oxalates, burned to form the oxides, and then reduced to the metals.[28] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium

For instance, calcium ion might be precipitated using oxalate ion, to produce calcium oxalate (CaC2O4); it might then be heated ... By adding a reagent, here ammonia, the calcium will precipitate as calcium oxalate. The proper reagent, when added to aqueous ... The calcium sulfate (CaSO4) in the tube retains carbon dioxide selectively as it's heated, and thereby, removed from the ... The precipitation method is the one used for the determination of the amount of calcium in water. Using this method, an excess ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravimetric_analysis

Oxalates[edit]. Tea contains oxalate, overconsumption of which can cause kidney stones, as well as binding with free calcium in ... Massive black tea consumption has been linked to kidney failure due to its high oxalate content (acute oxalate nephropathy).[14 ... The bioavailability of oxalate from tea is low, thus a possible negative effect requires a large intake of tea.[13] ... Michael Liebman; Shawnna Murphy (2007). "Low oxalate bioavailability from black tea". Nutrition Research. 27 (5): 273-278h. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_effects_of_tea_on_health

Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine ... The dihydrate of iron(II) oxalate has a polymeric structure with co-planar oxalate ions bridging between iron centres with the ... A flux such as limestone (calcium carbonate) or dolomite (calcium-magnesium carbonate) is also added to the furnace's load. Its ... The heat of the furnace decomposes the carbonates to calcium oxide, which reacts with any excess silica to form a slag composed ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron

Calcium oxalate (in archaic terminology, oxalate of lime) is a calcium salt of oxalate with the chemical formula CaC2O4·(H2O)x ... Calcium and oxalate in the diet play a part, but are not the only factors that affect the formation of calcium oxalate stones. ... Calcium oxalates are a major constituent of human kidney stones. Calcium oxalate is also found in beerstone, a scale that forms ... Calcium oxalate is a combination of calcium ions and the conjugate base of oxalic acid, the oxalate anion. The aqueous solution ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_oxalate

... of those are calcium oxalate stones. We discuss here briefly the evidence for the prevention of calcium oxalate stones through ... and oxalate or a diet higher in calcium (1200 mg) with restricted intake of oxalate, protein and salt.1 At 5 years, the latter ... Mainstays of calcium stone prevention involve manipulation of urine chemistries (urine sodium, citrate, oxalate, uric acid and ... Strategies for preventing calcium oxalate stones. Vadim A. Finkielstein and David S. Goldfarb ...

http://www.cmaj.ca/content/174/10/1407

GORDON CONFERENCE--CALCIUM OXALATE. LYNWOOD SMITH; Fiscal Year: 1991. The ion, oxalate, and its salt, calcium oxalate, are of ... Hyperoxaluria is a major predisposing factor in calcium oxalate urolithiasis.... *. Dietary oxalate and calcium oxalate ... are composed of calcium oxalate. Urinary oxalate is regarded as a driving force for calcium oxalate stone formation, and ... are composed of calcium oxalate. Urinary oxalate is regarded as a driving force for calcium oxalate stone formation, and ...

https://www.labome.org/topics/chemicals/organic/carboxylic/acyclic/dicarboxylic/oxalic/oxalic/oxalates/calcium-oxalate-9870.html

These results support an association between calcium oxalate deposition in the lung, iron mediated oxidative stress and ... Calcium oxalate and iron accumulation in sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2000 Jun;17(2):140-50. ... Results: Calcium oxalate present in human sarcoid granulomas sequesters significant amounts of iron and ferritin. In alveolar ... Intratracheal instillation of calcium oxalate crystals into the lungs of rats is associated with pulmonary iron and ferritin ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10957762/

Calcium oxalate. Regulatory process names 1 IUPAC names 3 Other identifiers 1 ...

https://echa.europa.eu/fr/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.008.419

The high recurrence rate of calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones makes prophylactic treatment desirable. Available forms of medical ... Stone Formation Prophylactic Treatment Calcium Oxalate Urinary Oxalate Calcium Oxalate Stone These keywords were added by ... Ahlstrand C., Tiselius HG., Larsson L. (1985) Experience with Long-Term Thiazide Treatment in Calcium Oxalate Stone Disease. In ... The high recurrence rate of calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones makes prophylactic treatment desirable. Available forms of medical ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-7272-1_100

Dietary intakes of 186 calcium oxalate stone formers, 93 with hyperoxaluria (,or=0.5 mmol/day) and 93 with normal oxalate ... were estimated to contain 130 mg/day oxalate and 812 mg/day calcium as compared to 101 mg/day oxalate and 845 mg/day calcium ... role of dietary oxalate in urinary oxalate excretion and to assess dietary risk factors for hyperoxaluria in calcium oxalate ... Dietary risk factors for hyperoxaluria in calcium oxalate stone formers.. Siener R1, Ebert D, Nicolay C, Hesse A. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12631085?dopt=Abstract

Calcium Oxalate in Biological Systems comprehensively discusses current information about the importance of this compound in ... Calcium Oxalate Crystallization in vitro. Inhibitors of Calcium Oxalate Crystallization. Mechanisms of Calcium Oxalate ... Calcium Oxalate Formation in Higher Plants. Calcium Oxalate in Fungi. Oxalate Biosynthesis and Function in Plants and Fungi. ... Lipid Matrix of Urinary Calcium Oxalate Crystals and Stones. Urate and Calcium Oxalate Stones: A New Look at an Old Controversy ...

https://www.routledge.com/Calcium-Oxalate-in-Biological-Systems/Khan/p/book/9780849376733

Medical mineralogy Renal stones Calcium oxalate Biocrystallization This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check ... The majority of renal stones consist of calcium oxalates - monohydrated whewellite CaC2O4·H2O and dihydrated weddellite CaC2O4· ... Izatulina A.R., Punin Y.O. (2012) Formation of Calcium Oxalates in the Human Body. In: Broekmans M. (eds) Proceedings of the ... The purpose of this work is to examine the influence of crystallizing conditions on the calcium oxalates phase formation in the ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-27682-8_41

The Global Calcium Oxalate Industry Report 2015 is a professional and in-depth study on the current st - Market Research ... 1.2 Classification of Calcium Oxalate. 1.3 Applications of Calcium Oxalate. 1.4 Industry Chain Structure of Calcium Oxalate. ... Figure Picture of Calcium Oxalate. Table Product Specifications of Calcium Oxalate. Figure Global Sales Market Share of Calcium ... Table Global Major Calcium Oxalate Manufacturers. Table Industry Policy of Calcium Oxalate. Table Industry News List of Calcium ...

https://www.bharatbook.com/materials-chemicals-market-research-reports-666041/global-calcium-oxalate1.html

Kidney stones are solid masses that form in the kidney when there are high levels of calcium, oxalate, cystine, or phosphate ... Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of kidney stone. ... What is a calcium oxalate stone?. Calcium oxalate stones are ... Who is at risk for calcium oxalate stones?. Certain risk factors may cause your body to form calcium oxalate stones. These risk ... A better plan? Eat and drink calcium and oxalate-rich foods together during a meal. Doing this helps oxalate and calcium "bind ...

https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/calcium-oxalate-stone

An increasing number of calcium oxalate stone events worsens treatment outcome.. Parks JH1, Coe FL. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7933820

Increased urinary oxalate excretion (hyperoxaluria) promotes the formation of calcium oxalate crystals. Monogenic diseases due ... the kidneys against calcium oxalate crystal deposits in acute ethylene glycol intoxication and chronic calcium oxalate ... we hypothesized that stiripentol would potentially reduce hepatic oxalate production and urine oxalate excretion. In vitro, ... Urine oxalate excretion was increased by hydroxyproline-enriched diet, and the daily administration of stiripentol (red bars) ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/99822/figure/3

Increased urinary oxalate excretion (hyperoxaluria) promotes the formation of calcium oxalate crystals. Monogenic diseases due ... the kidneys against calcium oxalate crystal deposits in acute ethylene glycol intoxication and chronic calcium oxalate ... reduced significantly oxalate synthesis and the addition of 10 μg/ml stiripentol to SiRNA reduced mildly oxalate synthesis, ... HepG2 cells were grown in a hydroxyproline-enriched medium to produce oxalate (red bars). Oxalate synthesis (mM) was reduced in ...

https://jci.org/articles/view/99822/figure/1

... but its affinity for calcium ions make it a major promoter of calcium oxalate crystals and kidney stone formation (1). Calcium ... Excessive excretion of oxalate in the urine results in the formation of calcium oxalate crystals and subsequent kidney stone ... Stiripentol protects against calcium oxalate nephropathy. (A) Urine oxalate excretion was increased by hydroxyproline-enriched ... Stiripentol protects against calcium oxalate nephropathy. Sixteen Sprague Dawley rats received hydroxyproline and calcium in ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/99822

... oxalate , C2CaO4 , CID 16212978 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16212978

... limit high-oxalate foods, like spinach and animal protein, and increase your intake of calcium and water. ... If you have calcium oxalate crystals in your urine, ... Avoid High Oxalate Foods If you have a lot of calcium oxalate ... If you have too much calcium oxalate in your urine, it can lead to the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones, the most ... Calcium kidney stones are hard, solid masses that form in your kidneys from high levels of calcium and oxalate in your urine. ...

https://www.livestrong.com/article/519506-diet-for-calcium-oxalate-crystals-in-the-urine/

... - ABC Homeopathy Forum. Calcarea Carbonica and Oxalicum Acidum and ... recurrent calcium oxalate stone and urinary tract infection. sir,since past 20 yrs, i have problem of calcium oxalate stone and ... calcium oxalate), & UTI., you must have come across very few such cases of multiple surgeries.also go thru medicines which i am ... right kidney is ok no issues.but there is tendency of calcium oxalate stone formation in left kidney.i have no bp problem,lipid ...

https://abchomeopathy.com/forum2.php/346302

Now, a cat is just about equally likely to develop struvite or calcium oxalate bladder stones. Read more. ... Calcium oxalate crystals are less likely to come out of solution and form stones in dilute urine. If necessary, you can even ... If your veterinarian thinks that calcium oxalate bladder stones are the most likely diagnosis based on the results of these ... Now, a cat is just about equally likely to develop struvite or calcium oxalate bladder stones. Unfortunately, this change isnt ...

https://www.petmd.com/blogs/nutritionnuggets/cat/dr-coates/2015/february/effects-diet-bladder-stones-cats-32525

Our most recent newsletters (since August 2018) can be found here.. An archive of our older newsletters (dating back to 2006) can be found here. ...

https://www.aspergillus.org.uk/medical-images/calcium-oxalate-crystals

A long history in transplant medicine and now the era of Regenerative Medicine. Cord blood stem cells are doing amazing things. Learn More ...

http://www.perkinelmer.com/product/calcium-oxalate-ref-material-10gram-l8211809

... or oxalates and is acidic predisposes a pet to developing calcium oxalate urinary crystals and stones. The most common signs ... The only way to be sure that a bladder stone is made of calcium oxalate is to have the stone analyzed at a veterinary referral ... Unfortunately, calcium oxalate stones have a somewhat high rate of recurrence, despite careful attention to diet and lifestyle. ... Current research indicates that urine high in calcium, citrates, ... more common uroliths in the dog is composed of calcium oxalate ...

https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/calcium-oxalate-bladder-stones-in-dogs

Calcium oxalate bladder stones have increased in dogs; most patients are middle-aged to senior male dogs, and certain breeds ... Calcium oxalate bladder stones have increased in dogs; most patients are middle-aged to senior male dogs, and certain breeds ... Dogs prone to calcium oxalate stones should not be given calcium supplements or high oxalate foods such as nuts, rhubarb, beets ... Calcium oxalate (CaOx) bladder stones have increased in dogs in recent years. The stones form from calcium oxalate crystals in ...

https://healthypets.mercola.com/sites/healthypets/archive/2015/08/19/calcium-oxalate-stones.aspx

The stones were analyzed and found to be composed of predominantly calcium oxalate. Currently, calcium oxalate is the second ...

https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/2780

... there is a high incidence of calcium nephrolithiasis (16.8 hospital admissions per 10,000 population) which is among the ... Calcium Excretion Urinary Calcium Excretion Urinary Oxalate Potassium Citrate Stone Patient These keywords were added by ... of 40 recurrent calcium-oxalate stone formers indicated that they have significantly elevated urinary oxalate and calcium ... BC McWhinney, SL Nagel, DM Cowley, JM Brown, and AH Chalmers, Two-carbon oxalogenesis compared in recurrent calcium oxalate ...

https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4899-0873-5_148

Check for Discount on China Calcium Oxalate Market Research Report 2018 report by QYResearch Group. The global Calcium Oxalate ... 1 Calcium Oxalate Overview. 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Calcium Oxalate. 1.2 Classification of Calcium Oxalate by Product ... Table Calcium Oxalate Sales (K MT) by Application (2013-2025). Figure Product Picture of Calcium Oxalate. Table China Calcium ... 1.3.3 Preparation of Oxalates. 1.3.4 Others. 1.4 China Calcium Oxalate Market by Region. 1.4.1 China Calcium Oxalate Market ...

https://www.reportsnreports.com/reports/1404439-china-calcium-oxalate-market-research-report-2018.html

A postulated role for calcium oxalate in the regulation of calcium ions in the vicinity of stomatal guard cells. Authors. *. L ... Sang-Hyuck Park, Sarah J. Doege, Paul A. Nakata, Kenneth L. Korth, Medicago truncatula-derived calcium oxalate crystals have a ... Svoboda V. Pennisi, Dennis B. McConnell, Laurie B. Gower, Michael E. Kane, T. Lucansky, Periplasmic cuticular calcium oxalate ... Evidence is presented here that the deposition of calcium oxalate in cells of the leaf achieves the necessary regulation. The ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb03965.x/abstract

... of Calcium Oxalate patients are male. This stone type is unusual in females. Breeds at especially high risk include: miniature ... Calcium binds to citrate instead of to oxalate. This is a desirable event since calcium citrate tends to stay dissolved whereas ... Both these medications lead to excess calcium in urine. Should a diuretic be needed for a patient at risk for calcium oxalate ... environment with minimal calcium and minimal oxalate as well as creating a urine pH that is not conducive to calcium oxalate ...

http://www.marvistavet.com/calcium-oxalate-stones-canine.pml

... one passes crystals of calcium oxalate through urine along with traces of protein,/b,? Can this lead to major problems? What is ... What do calcium oxalate crystals in the urine indicate?. Answered by: Dr Rajesh Ahlawat , Chairman. Division of Urology and ... Q: What does it mean if one passes crystals of calcium oxalate through urine along with traces of protein? Can this lead to ... A:Calcium oxalate crystals on microscopic examination of urine are a normal finding, and have no correlation with stone ...

https://doctor.ndtv.com/faq/what-do-calcium-oxalate-crystals-in-the-urine-indicate-10942

Calcium oxalates are a major constituent of human kidney stones. (wikipedia.org)
Calcium oxalate crystals in the urine are the most common constituent of human kidney stones, and calcium oxalate crystal formation is also one of the toxic effects of ethylene glycol poisoning. (wikipedia.org)
40X About 80% of kidney stones are partially or entirely of the calcium oxalate type. (wikipedia.org)
Calcium and oxalate in the diet play a part, but are not the only factors that affect the formation of calcium oxalate stones. (wikipedia.org)
About 80% of stones are calcium based, and about 80% of those are calcium oxalate stones. (cmaj.ca)
We discuss here briefly the evidence for the prevention of calcium oxalate stones through dietary and pharmacologic measures. (cmaj.ca)
Hypercalciuria is the most common trait associated with calcium stones, yet its cause in most patients remains unclear. (cmaj.ca)
The high recurrence rate of calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones makes prophylactic treatment desirable. (springer.com)
Lipid Matrix of Urinary Calcium Oxalate Crystals and Stones. (routledge.com)
Urate and Calcium Oxalate Stones: A New Look at an Old Controversy. (routledge.com)
The majority of renal stones consist of calcium oxalates - monohydrated whewellite CaC 2 O 4 ·H 2 O and dihydrated weddellite CaC 2 O 4 ·2H 2 O. Weddellite is a metastable phase under crystallizing conditions, and usually its crystals are substituted with small-grained whewellite. (springer.com)
At the same time, about 38% of oxalate renal stones are made of weddellite. (springer.com)
The purpose of this work is to examine the influence of crystallizing conditions on the calcium oxalates phase formation in the renal stones. (springer.com)
Izatulina, AR, and Yelnikov, VY (2008): Structure, chemistry and crystallization conditions of calcium oxalates - the main components of kidney stones. (springer.com)
Kidney stones are solid masses that form in the kidney when there are high levels of calcium, oxalate, cystine, or phosphate and too little liquid. (kidney.org)
Calcium oxalate stones are caused by too much oxalate in the urine. (kidney.org)
What is oxalate and how does it form stones? (kidney.org)
Who is at risk for calcium oxalate stones? (kidney.org)
Certain risk factors may cause your body to form calcium oxalate stones. (kidney.org)
The oxalate is then absorbed and taken to the kidney, where it can form stones. (kidney.org)
The build-up of oxalate can form crystals, which can form kidney stones. (kidney.org)
If your calcium oxalate stones keep coming back, your healthcare provider may test you for these conditions. (kidney.org)
Your healthcare provider may also look at your lifestyle to help lower your risk factors or help find the cause of your forming calcium oxalate stones. (kidney.org)
How can I lower my chances of forming calcium oxalate stones? (kidney.org)
Too much calcium in your urine can lead to new stones. (kidney.org)
Some people may think they can keep stones from forming by avoiding calcium, but the opposite is true. (kidney.org)
Eating foods with calcium is a good way for oxalates to leave the body and not form stones. (kidney.org)
However, calcium in the form of a supplement may raise your chances of forming new calcium oxalate stones. (kidney.org)
Limiting how many oxalate-rich foods you eat each day may help lower your chance of forming new stones. (kidney.org)
If you have too much calcium oxalate in your urine, it can lead to the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones, the most common type of kidney stone, according to the National Kidney Foundation . (livestrong.com)
What Are Calcium Kidney Stones? (livestrong.com)
Calcium kidney stones are hard, solid masses that form in your kidneys from high levels of calcium and oxalate in your urine. (livestrong.com)
In the case of calcium oxalate kidney stones, the concentration of oxalate in the urine is too high for your kidneys. (livestrong.com)
To reduce your chances of calcium oxalate in your urine and the eventual development of calcium kidney stones, you can change your diet and incorporate other important lifestyle changes. (livestrong.com)
In addition to limiting these foods, eating them with a source of calcium may help bind the oxalate and reduce your risk of developing stones. (livestrong.com)
Although it seems counterintuitive to eat more calcium when your kidney stones are made up of calcium and oxalate, the mineral can actually help reduce your risk . (livestrong.com)
This process prevents the accumulation of oxalate in the kidneys and can actually reduce your risk of kidney stones. (livestrong.com)
Harvard Health Publishing adds that it's best to get calcium from food, rather than supplements, since some evidence shows that the high doses of calcium provided in supplements can actually increase your risk of developing stones. (livestrong.com)
Now, a cat is just about equally likely to develop struvite or calcium oxalate bladder stones. (petmd.com)
The very diets we use to dissolve struvite have put cats at increased risk for calcium oxalate stones. (petmd.com)
If urinary acidification is taken too far, however, calcium oxalate stones can be the result. (petmd.com)
If your veterinarian thinks that calcium oxalate bladder stones are the most likely diagnosis based on the results of these diagnostic tests, he or she will recommend surgery or other procedures (e.g., lithotripsy - using ultrasonic shock waves to break up stones until they can be passed) to remove them. (petmd.com)
Owners do have a lot of control over whether their cats will develop calcium oxalate bladder stones, however. (petmd.com)
Calcium oxalate crystals are less likely to come out of solution and form stones in dilute urine. (petmd.com)
My dog has calcium oxalate bladder stones. (vcahospitals.com)
What causes calcium oxalate bladder stones to form? (vcahospitals.com)
The exact cause of calcium oxalate bladder stones is complex and poorly understood at this time. (vcahospitals.com)
Current research indicates that urine high in calcium, citrates, or oxalates and is acidic predisposes a pet to developing calcium oxalate urinary crystals and stones. (vcahospitals.com)
There are likely other causes of calcium oxalate bladder stones. (vcahospitals.com)
In dogs with low populations of Oxalobacter , excess oxalate is secreted in the urine, increasing the likelihood that calcium oxalate crystals and stones can form if the urine is highly concentrated or becomes acidic. (vcahospitals.com)
How common are calcium oxalate bladder stones? (vcahospitals.com)
Bladder stones are somewhat common in dogs, and calcium oxalate bladder stones are the second most common type of stone, second only to struvite stones. (vcahospitals.com)
Based on the results of tens of thousands of stone analyses, it has been found that the number of struvite bladder stones has been declining in dogs, while the number of calcium oxalate stones has been increasing during the past ten years. (vcahospitals.com)
Breeds most commonly diagnosed with struvite and calcium oxalate bladder stones included Shih Tzus, Miniature Schnauzer, Bichon Frise, Lhasa Apso, and Yorkshire Terrier. (vcahospitals.com)
What are the signs of calcium oxalate bladder stones? (vcahospitals.com)
How are calcium oxalate bladder stones diagnosed? (vcahospitals.com)
In some cases, if your dog is relaxed and the bladder is not too painful, your veterinarian may be able to palpate (feel) calcium oxalate stones in the bladder. (vcahospitals.com)
Calcium oxalate stones are almost always radiodense , meaning that they can be seen on a plain radiograph. (vcahospitals.com)
How Do Dogs Get Calcium Oxalate Stones? (mercola.com)
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) bladder stones have increased in dogs in recent years. (mercola.com)
Over the past 15 years, the incidence of oxalate stones in dogs has increased significantly, while cases of struvite stones , which are caused by an infection and exacerbated by an alkaline diet, have decreased. (mercola.com)
As with humans, there is a strong genetic component to the formation of oxalate bladder stones in dogs. (mercola.com)
Metabolic diseases that may predispose a dog to develop stones include Cushing's disease and hypercalcemia, which is an elevated blood calcium level. (mercola.com)
A urine pH below 6 can also promote development of calcium oxalate stones. (mercola.com)
Calcium oxalate stones cause pain because they irritate the tender lining of a dog's bladder. (mercola.com)
Calcium oxalate stones can't be dissolved with a dietary change, so surgical removal is usually necessary. (mercola.com)
Unfortunately, about half of dogs who undergo surgery develop new calcium oxalate stones within three years. (mercola.com)
The stones were analyzed and found to be composed of predominantly calcium oxalate. (cornell.edu)
Calcium oxalate stones cannot be made to dissolve over time by changing to a special diet (as can be done with struvite or uric acid bladder stones). (marvistavet.com)
It should not be too surprising that there is a strong hereditary component to the formation of oxalate bladder stones. (marvistavet.com)
There is a substance ( called "nephrocalcin" ) in urine which naturally inhibits the formation of calcium oxalate stones. (marvistavet.com)
This substance is defective in both humans and dogs who form calcium oxalate bladder stones. (marvistavet.com)
In older times (25 years or so ago), cats virtually never developed calcium oxalate bladder stones. (marvistavet.com)
The trade off was that calcium oxalate bladder stones began to develop. (marvistavet.com)
Currently most bladder stones formed by cats are calcium oxalate stones. (marvistavet.com)
Burmese and Himalayan cats appear genetically predisposed to the development of calcium oxalate bladder stones. (marvistavet.com)
Most calcium oxalate stones develop in cats between ages 5 and 14 years. (marvistavet.com)
35% of cats with calcium oxalate bladder stones have elevated blood calcium ( hypercalcemia ). (marvistavet.com)
To evaluate the influence of a high-oxalate/low-calcium diet on calcium oxalate stone risk factors in both black South Africans (who are largely immune to kidney stones) and white South Africans (in whom stones are more common). (unboundmedicine.com)
Male/42/w/30yrs multiple renal stones (calcium oxalate)why do my recent nonobstructing stones cause hydronephrosis/10outof10 pain/hematuria& no uti? (healthtap.com)
Calcium oxalate crystals in urine are quite common and although they are often the substance of kidney stones this does not necessarily occur. (healthtap.com)
While it is uncertain whether or not calcium will create problems, it is know that calcium excretion in the urine can form crystals and stones, so it is suggested to avoid foods that are high in calcium. (b-naturals.com)
1. The volume, size and type of calcium oxalate crystals excreted in the urine of a group of patients with recurrent 'idiopathic' stones were studied on a controlled basal diet, after an oral supplement of sodium oxalate and after oral administration of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) for 4 weeks. (portlandpress.com)
If your daughter was dehydrated at the time of the test, this could have caused the calcium oxalate crystals - but if they are found again it's worth paying a bit of attention,, because kids who have ongoing high levels of oxalate in the urine are more likely to develop kidney stones later on in life. (drgreene.com)
About 80% of all urological stones are calcium oxalate, mainly caused by idiopathic hyperoxaluria (IH). (ebscohost.com)
Calcium oxalate crystals are found in majority of kidney stones as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) as one of the primary types of kidney stones. (scialert.net)
My dog has calcium oxalate stones, one as shown on xray. (justanswer.com)
They were calcium oxylate and urate stones. (justanswer.com)
Dog with bladder stones removed (struvite)& high pH post surgery has urinalysis with calicium oxalate crystals. (justanswer.com)
My dog has been diagnosed with struvite and oxalate stones. (justanswer.com)
What do you suggest if I have calcium oxalate kidney stones and I am very skinny. (healthtap.com)
calcium oxalate kidney stones - Is Sleep Apnea One of the Causes of Gout? (naturalgoutcures.info)
These patients are those whose stones are entirely calcium crystals, predominantly calcium oxalate, and not caused by any systemic disease. (uchicago.edu)
Entirely calcium crystals' means uric acid, struvite, cystine, and drug or rare organic crystals are not present in any stones. (uchicago.edu)
There are three major kinds of calcium crystals in stones: calcium oxalate, hydroxyapatite, and brushite - calcium monohydrogen phosphate. (uchicago.edu)
This leaves patients whose stones are composed of calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite, with the former predominant. (uchicago.edu)
We do not call IH a disease, but rather an otherwise benign genetic trait that by raising urine calcium raises risk of stones. (uchicago.edu)
Some time ago we took a close look at the fraction of CaP in stones from our calcium stone forming patients . (uchicago.edu)
But these were not ICSF, but idiopathic calcium stone formers because we included those with brushite in stones in order to compare HA and BR distributions. (uchicago.edu)
I had a repeat blood test with same result but urinalysis showed cloudy with ncalcium oxalate crystals (kidney stones? (healthcaremagic.com)
Calcium oxalate is often seen in the urine of healthy adults and as the US shows no stones there is no need to worry about this finding. (healthcaremagic.com)
[2] Stones are typically classified by their location: nephrolithiasis (in the kidney), ureterolithiasis (in the ureter ), cystolithiasis (in the bladder ), or by what they are made of ( calcium oxalate , uric acid , struvite , cystine ). (wikipedia.org)
A high level of calcium oxalate may lead to the formation of kidney stones. (apollodiagnostics.in)
Free calcium excess, preceded (and accompanied) by acid stress and dehydration, have long been recognized as prerequisites for calcium oxalate stone development, a scenario that occurs in 70% of all kidney stones. (freeradicaltherapy.com)
Either of these scenarios can raise the risk for free calcium excess and kidney stones, ultimately heart disease. (freeradicaltherapy.com)
High oxalate foods, such as nuts, seeds, beets, spinach, and buckwheat flour can contribute to calcium oxalate stones, although this does not mean that people need to exclude them from their diet completely. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A high protein diet can contribute to the formation of calcium phosphate stones. (medicalnewstoday.com)
To avoid a recurrence of kidney stones, or to prevent them developing in the first place, people should drink plenty of water, limit salt and animal protein, limit foods high in oxalates, and be cautious about taking too much calcium in supplements. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The calcium and oxalate bind together in the intestines, reducing the formation of stones. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Stones may come about in inherited Issues where irregular amounts of substances which include cystine and xanthine are excreted, but most kidney stones contain different mixtures of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and oxalate. (xzblogs.com)
The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the crystallization of calcium oxalate, the primary mineral constituent of kidney stones, in silica hydrogels. (buffalo.edu)
struvite and calcium phosphate stones are less widespread. (ka-blogs.com)
Calcium oxalate stones in children are linked to high amounts of calcium, oxalate, and magnesium in acidic urine. (ka-blogs.com)
Unfortunately, Calcium oxalate bladder stones in dogs are very common. (franklintnvet.com)
Can you truly prevent Calcium Oxalate stones? (franklintnvet.com)
Home / Living Well / Calcium Supplements And Kidney Stones: Is There A Connection? (sepalika.com)
These stones could contain calcium, uric acid and oxalates and usually get lodged along the urinary tract and obstruct the flow of urine, resulting in unbearable pain. (sepalika.com)
Can Calcium Supplements Increase Risk of Kidney Stones? (sepalika.com)
This hinted that the calcium from the supplements was probably being turned into stones in the kidney rather than being passed out in the urine. (sepalika.com)
It has also been noted in several studies that the intake of calcium through foods does not seem to cause kidney stones. (sepalika.com)
Can You Take Calcium Supplements and Yet Avoid Kidney Stones? (sepalika.com)
Taking your calcium supplement with oxalate-rich meals (lunch and dinner) may help you reduce the risk of stones greatly. (sepalika.com)
Calcium stones are formed when calcium supplements are taken away from food. (sepalika.com)
Research conducted on 91,731 nurses over a 12-year period found that while the women who used calcium supplements indeed had a higher risk of kidney stones, most of them were all taking their supplements separately from their meals. (sepalika.com)
Another study showed that supplementing with magnesium and potassium citrate can protect people with a history of kidney stones from forming fresh calcium oxalate kidney stones. (sepalika.com)
This prevents the calcium from going to the places it does not belong - to form kidney stones or to harden your arteries. (sepalika.com)
I didn't realize how common kidney stones during pregnancy was until I joined the babyzone removing calcium oxalate kidney stones pregnancy message boards. (morningnewsit.info)
You can work to avoid kidney stones and symptoms of kidney stones by drinking plenty of water daily, avoiding excess levels of calcium such as those found in green leafy vegetables or dairy products. (morningnewsit.info)
The most common type removing calcium oxalate kidney stones of stones are calcium-containing stones, kidney stones pictures x ray which are acidic acid kidney are kidney stones a type of kidney disease stones usually formed of calcium oxalate and, less commonly, of calcium phosphate. (morningnewsit.info)
The most common kidney stones are made up of calcium, usually in the form of calcium oxalate. (virginiamason.org)
Oxalate is a naturally occurring substance in food such as chocolate and nuts, but only a small percentage of people get stones due to excess calcium intake. (virginiamason.org)
In patients with active urinary tract infection (with either urea-splitting or other organisms, in association with either calcium or struvite stones). (drugs.com)
70-80% of kidney stones (KS) are composed of calcium oxalate, and minor changes in urine oxalate affect the stone risk. (grantome.com)
A diet for Calcium Stones should limit substances that increase blood and urine levels of calcium, such as caffeine and sodium. (medindia.net)
If you suffer from Calcium Phosphate Stones your diet should be compatible with treatments for the underlying metabolic conditions that caused the stone. (medindia.net)
Good article, kidney stones are very painful, most of them are build up of calcium oxalate. (medindia.net)
This article discusses how to prevent the recurrence of calcium oxalate bladder stones in dogs. (petplanetmagazine.com)
A control group comprised of 166 healthy individuals (age range 22-58 years) and a group of 138 patients with calcium oxalate stones (age range 21-72 years) were examined. (cdc.gov)
Polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene start codon in patients with calcium kidney stones. (cdc.gov)

Hyperoxaluria is a major predisposing factor in calcium oxalate urolithiasis. (nih.gov)
Epidemiology of Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis in Man. (routledge.com)
Grases F., Genestar C., Conte A., March P. (1989) Changes in the Behavior of Urinary Inhibitors in Calcium-Oxalate Urolithiasis. (springer.com)
Two pivotal conditions in calcium oxalate urolithiasis are an increased urinary oxalate and calcium excretion (Dijcker, 2011). (barfplaats.nl)
This cohort study evaluated the range of urinary oxalate and calcium excretion within the dog population not suffering from urolithiasis in the Netherlands and identified dietary- and animal-related factors associated with these urine parameters. (barfplaats.nl)
Dijcker J.C., Plantinga E.A., Van Baal J. & Hendriks W.H. (2011) Influence of nutrition on feline calcium oxalate urolithiasis with emphasis on endogenous oxalate synthesis. (barfplaats.nl)
It has been demonstrated that vitamin E supplementation reduces calciuria and oxaluria and that it may also prevent oxalate-mediated peroxidative injury, all of which reduce the risk of calcium oxalate urolithiasis. (ebscohost.com)
In Denmark and Benelux, a similar increase in relative frequency of calcium oxalate urolithiasis occurred with a delay of about five years, and it has stabilized at ~65% since 1997/1998. (vin.com)
Background and objectives Primary hyperoxaluria types I and II (PHI and PHII) are rare monogenic causes of hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. (asnjournals.org)
Detection of HOGA1 variants in idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis also suggests HOGA1 may be a predisposing factor for this condition. (asnjournals.org)
Calcium oxalate urolithiasis. (wikipedia.org)

Nephrocalcinosis, acute calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephropathy, and renal stone disease can lead to inflammation and subsequent renal failure, but the underlying pathological mechanisms remain elusive. (labome.org)
b>Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals are distributed among all taxonomic levels of photosynthetic organisms from small algae to angiosperms and giant gymnosperms. (labome.org)
One of the most common types of uroliths in dogs is made up of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. (mercola.com)
Physicochemical studies were conducted on 24-h urine samples to assess for urinary saturation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) and brushite. (jle.com)
Hypomagnesiuria is a common biochemical finding in patients with calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis. (jle.com)
Idiopathic hypercalciuria is the most important predisposing risk factor for calcium oxalate (CaOx) renal stone formation. (ebscohost.com)
Studies with renal tubular cells in culture indicate that hyaluronan (HA) and osteopontin (OPN) and their mutual cell surface receptor CD44 play an important role in calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal binding during wound healing. (eur.nl)
CaOx crystals were visualized in periodic acid-Schiff-stained sections by polarized light microscopy, and renal calcium deposits were quantified with von Kossa staining. (eur.nl)
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term risk of recurrence of calcium oxalate (CaOx) cystic calculi in dogs of various breeds fed 1 of 2 therapeutic diets. (semanticscholar.org)
Young developing soybean seeds contain relatively large amounts of calcium oxalate (CaOx) monohydrate crystals. (iastate.edu)
The idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone former (ICSF) is the most common kind of kidney stone patient at this time and in the Western Hemisphere. (uchicago.edu)
The RP, once exposed to urine in the renal pelvis, becomes coated with calcium oxalate (CaOx) to form a stone. (elsevier.com)
Most specialty pet foods are low in oxalates and a suitable diet for dogs with CaOx uroliths. (petplanetmagazine.com)

3 The preferred calcium supplement for people at risk of stone formation is calcium citrate because it helps to increase urinary citrate excretion. (cmaj.ca)
Calcium excretion is directly linked to sodium excretion. (cmaj.ca)
The successful diet mentioned earlier that was higher in calcium and restricted intake of oxalate, protein and salt 1 achieved a reduction in calcium excretion despite the higher calcium intake. (cmaj.ca)
The ingestion of animal protein has adverse affects on urine chemistries: it lowers citrate excretion and increases calcium and uric acid excretion. (cmaj.ca)
The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of dietary oxalate in urinary oxalate excretion and to assess dietary risk factors for hyperoxaluria in calcium oxalate stone patients. (nih.gov)
The mean daily intakes of water (in food and beverages), magnesium, potassium, dietary fiber and ascorbic acid were greater in patients with hyperoxaluria than in stone formers with normal oxalate excretion. (nih.gov)
Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that urinary oxalate excretion was significantly associated with dietary ascorbate and fluid intake, and inversely related to calcium intake. (nih.gov)
Increased urinary oxalate excretion (hyperoxaluria) promotes the formation of calcium oxalate crystals. (jci.org)
As this isoenzyme is also the last step of hepatic oxalate production, we hypothesized that stiripentol would potentially reduce hepatic oxalate production and urine oxalate excretion. (jci.org)
In vivo, oral administration of stiripentol significantly reduced urine oxalate excretion in rats. (jci.org)
Patients affected by Dravet syndrome and treated with stiripentol had a lower urine oxalate excretion than control patients. (jci.org)
A young girl affected by severe type I hyperoxaluria received stiripentol for several weeks, and urine oxalate excretion decreased by two-thirds. (jci.org)
A ) Urine oxalate excretion was increased by hydroxyproline-enriched diet, and the daily administration of stiripentol (red bars) protected partly against hyperoxaluria. (jci.org)
C ) Stiripentol given orally for 2 days significantly reduced urine oxalate excretion. (jci.org)
After wash-out, urine oxalate excretion was restored. (jci.org)
The raised oxalate excretion was shown not to be due to a hyperactive 2-carbon pathway, or to be derived from fat or carbohydrate metabolism (2). (springer.com)
JM Brown, G Stratman, DM Cowley, BM Mottram, and AH Chalmers, The variability and dietary dependence of urinary oxalate excretion in recurrent calcium stone formers, Ann. (springer.com)
This hormone increases calcium excretion in urine. (marvistavet.com)
There was no significant seasonal variation in the excretion of urinary calcium, oxalate, magnesium or phosphate on a standard mineral diet. (unboundmedicine.com)
While on a free diet the patients' urinary excretion of calcium showed statistically significant seasonal differences between age groups. (unboundmedicine.com)
The seasonal variations in the excretion of urinary oxalate and phosphate were statistically significant on free diet, but did not differ by age. (unboundmedicine.com)
Dietary intake probably best explains seasonal changes in the urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate and phosphate. (unboundmedicine.com)
Steroids can aggravate a calcium oxalate former which can create more calcium excretion in the urine. (b-naturals.com)
Cushing's disease may also lead to calcium oxalate stone formation, as the increased cortisol production causes calcium excretion. (b-naturals.com)
Additionally, the medications listed above that can cause calcium excretion in the urine should also be avoided. (b-naturals.com)
Raw meat diet reduces urinary oxalate and calcium excretion rate in dogs. (barfplaats.nl)
A second study was performed to determine the effect of a commercial raw meat vs. dry food on urinary oxalate and calcium excretion in a crossover design in dogs. (barfplaats.nl)
The amount and type of protein in your diet also has an important impact on calcium absorption and excretion. (morningnewsit.info)
Thus, defining the mechanisms underlying the reported positive correlation between increased body size and elevated urinary oxalate excretion is urgently needed. (grantome.com)
You may also increase the amount of foods that reduce excretion of calcium into the urine, such as cranberries. (medindia.net)

Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals vary in shape, and can be shaped like dumbbells, spindles, ovals, or picket fences, the last of which is most commonly seen due to ethylene glycol poisoning. (wikipedia.org)
Urine microscopy showing a calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal (dumbbell shaped) and a calcium oxalate dihydrate crystal (envelope shaped) along with several erythrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Adhesion forces between the calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM, whewellite) crystal and the layer of the epithelial kidney cells have been directly measured under buffer solutions by using atomic force microscope (AFM). (elsevier.com)
Calcium oxalate can be present as the monohydrate or dihydrate (COM and COD) and are often reported in this way. (uchicago.edu)
In the vitro experiment, the changes of the mitochondrial membrane potential, expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase 3 were measured to show the effects of catechin treatment on the NRK-52E cells induced by calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of this study is to examine how well carboxylate groups in proteins found either in stone matrix, or proposed as inhibitors, could fit with the calcium ion sub-lattice of both calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate surfaces. (elsevier.com)
The monohydrate form of calcium oxalate is completely converted to the dihydrate form. (ijsr.net)
It was found that 31.7% of the samples were composed entirely of calcium oxalate monohydrate. (blucher.com.br)
Rietveld refinement of the monophasic Ca(CO2)2.H2O X-ray diffraction pattern indicated that the calcium oxalate monohydrate found in renal calculi presents a different fractional atomic coordinates than ICCD CIF 30782, which was used as the input data in the refinement. (blucher.com.br)

Cellular Abnormalities of Oxalate Transport in Nephrolithiasis. (routledge.com)
Animal Model of Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis. (routledge.com)
In Queensland, Australia, there is a high incidence of calcium nephrolithiasis (16.8 hospital admissions per 10,000 population) which is among the highest incidences reported for Westernized societies (1). (springer.com)
Cowley D.M., Brown J.M., McWhinney B.C., Chalmers A.H. (1989) Hydroxycarboxylate Malabsorption and Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis. (springer.com)
These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Calcium Nephrolithiasis. (fpnotebook.com)

The urine analysis data were used to calculate the Tiselius risk index and the relative urinary supersaturations of calcium oxalate, uric acid and calcium phosphate. (unboundmedicine.com)
In some cases they are associated with calcium phosphate, the presence of which has received contrasted attention and may have been overlooked with the characterisation techniques used. (geoscienceworld.org)
This study addresses the state of the art, the most suitable characterisation techniques for identifying calcium phosphate - the most effective and reliable being SEM-EDS of thin sections - and the shortcomings of other methods such as XRD, FT-IR or optical microscopy. (geoscienceworld.org)
It also describes examples of the presence of calcium phosphate analysed in patinas on Spanish monuments. (geoscienceworld.org)
Basic calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate are chemical compounds that occur naturally in the body. (merckmanuals.com)
Basic calcium phosphate crystals and calcium oxalate crystals can also form in tendons and connective tissues. (merckmanuals.com)
Basic calcium phosphate crystals can destroy joints and cause severe inflammation in and around the joint. (merckmanuals.com)
Acute pseudopodagra is another joint disorder caused by basic calcium phosphate crystals and can mimic gout. (merckmanuals.com)
Calcium oxalate crystals are visible under a microscope with polarized light, but basic calcium phosphate crystals, which are much smaller, usually can be seen only with a special stain or a special type of microscope (a transmission electron microscope). (merckmanuals.com)
Materials and Methods We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, crossover study of 21 calcium urinary stone formers stratified into majority calcium oxalate (10 patients) and calcium phosphate (11) groups. (elsevier.com)
The body, when faced with severe acid stress and the corresponding lack of protein and phosphate required to prevent free calcium (and the subsequent bout with stone formation), will in self-defense lower its serum vitamin D. (freeradicaltherapy.com)
In this two stage process, it has been proposed that calcium phosphate (CaP) is first deposited in the basement membrane of the renal tubules and then grows through the renal interstitium reaching the papillary surface to form sub-epithelial plaque called Randall's plaque (RP). (elsevier.com)
Calcium phosphate can coat an otherwise dissolvable uric acid stone and prevent it from dissolving, so avoiding overalkalinization when trying to dissolve pure uric acid calculi is particularly important. (morningnewsit.info)
There are various chemicals in urine - including calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, calcium phosphate and cystine. (virginiamason.org)

Urine microscopy showing calcium oxalate crystals in the urine. (wikipedia.org)

Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals are octahedral. (wikipedia.org)
2. Before administration of EHDP the stone-formers passed the large crystals and aggregates of calcium oxalate dihydrate characteristic of recurrent calcium oxalate stone-formers. (portlandpress.com)
PSS was found to affect the morphology of the produced crystals and to preferentially promote the crystallization of metastable calcium oxalate dihydrate. (buffalo.edu)

The construction of an oxalate-degrading intestinal stem cell population in mice: a potential new treatment option for patients with calcium oxalate calculus. (ebscohost.com)

Make sure the calcium supplement is balanced by vitamin D, vitamin K and magnesium in the right balance. (sepalika.com)
Mineral supplements that are reported to reduce urinary calcium are magnesium and potassium. (medindia.net)
You may also add substances that reduce the levels of oxalate in the urine, such as Vitamin B 6 and magnesium. (medindia.net)

Are calcium oxalate crystals involved in the mechanism of acute renal failure in ethylene glycol poisoning? (labome.org)
Stiripentol protected the kidneys against calcium oxalate crystal deposits in acute ethylene glycol intoxication and chronic calcium oxalate nephropathy models. (jci.org)
Combined application of ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride caused renal injury of rats, and induced calcium oxalate calculus in kidney. (sciepub.com)
HOM has an obvious promoting effect on the formation of renal calcium oxalate crystallization induced by ethylene glycol combined with ammonium chloride. (sciepub.com)

One of the more common uroliths in the dog is composed of calcium oxalate crystals. (vcahospitals.com)
Together, struvite and calcium oxalate uroliths have been found to comprise over 85% of all canine uroliths. (vcahospitals.com)
Struvite uroliths were noted to be more common in female dogs and calcium oxalate uroliths in male dogs. (vcahospitals.com)
Currently, calcium oxalate is the second most common mineral type identified in canine uroliths. (cornell.edu)
In a big study including nine veterinary teaching hospitals in the USA the frequency of calcium oxalate uroliths in cats over 20 years was evaluated. (vetcontact.com)
Calcium oxalate emerged as the predominant mineral type in upper tract uroliths, having increased more than 50-fold during the study period. (vetcontact.com)
Source: Chalermpol Lekcharoensuk, Carl A. Osborne et al (2005): Trends in the Frequency of Calcium Oxalate Uroliths in the Upper Urinary Tract of Cats. (vetcontact.com)
In Spain, the relative frequency of calcium oxalate has remained stable at ~45% from 2001, i.e., struvite uroliths have consistently been the most frequently submitted stone type. (vin.com)

The morphology of calcium oxalate crystals formed in the hydrogels was quite different from that of crystals grown in aqueous solutions. (buffalo.edu)

extract was observed to have decreased crystal size and prevented the aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals. (scialert.net)

Postulating that HOGA1 may influence urine oxalate, we also screened 100 idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers. (asnjournals.org)
HOGA1 heterozygosity was found in two patients with mild hyperoxaluria and in three of 100 idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers. (asnjournals.org)

Dietary risk factors for hyperoxaluria in calcium oxalate stone formers. (nih.gov)
The diets of the patients with hyperoxaluria were estimated to contain 130 mg/day oxalate and 812 mg/day calcium as compared to 101 mg/day oxalate and 845 mg/day calcium among patients without hyperoxaluria. (nih.gov)
These findings suggest that hyperoxaluria predominantly results from increased endogenous production and from intestinal hyperabsorption of oxalate, partly caused by an insufficient supply or low availability of calcium for complexation with oxalate in the intestinal lumen. (nih.gov)
The use of hydroxyproline (HP) to generate hyperoxaluria in the rat is a problem because it is impossible to separate the effect of oxalate on renal injury from the effects of HP and the large array of metabolic intermediates formed when HP is converted to oxalate. (ebscohost.com)
Recently, we identified mutations in a novel gene HOGA1 as one cause of non-PHI-PHII primary hyperoxaluria, hypothesizing a gain of hepatic or renal mitochondrial 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase (HOGA1) activity as the underlying metabolic source of excess oxalate ( 8 ). (asnjournals.org)
In addition to enteric hyperoxaluria, chronic kidney disease related metabolic acidosis, chronic diarrhea related volume depletion, a high oxalate and low potassium diet, long term ascorbic acid intake and long term exposure to antibiotics, all predisposed him to having oxalate nephropathy. (biomedcentral.com)

This is probably best explained by calcium's inhibition of intestinal oxalate absorption. (cmaj.ca)
Their impact might be mitigated by accompanying them with additional fluids and dietary sources of calcium to diminish oxalate absorption. (cmaj.ca)
E Calcium absorption was estimated, not directly tested. (veganhealth.org)
Heaney RP, Weaver CM. Calcium absorption from kale. (veganhealth.org)
It is important to determine the total calcium contents of these vegetable foods and to determine whether the calcium in the tissues will be absorbed when consumed, as it is known that compounds, such as oxalates, can interfere with the absorption of some minerals. (scirp.org)
We suggest that relatively lower oxalate absorption rates may be a physiological feature of this racial group. (unboundmedicine.com)
The increased absorption of oxalate from the intestine is the major factor underlying IH. (ebscohost.com)

Calcium from bone may also play a role in kidney stone formation. (wikipedia.org)
If this iron is incompletely coordinated and capable of redox cycling, then oxalate might contribute to granuloma formation in the lung. (nih.gov)
Using human tissues, isolated alveolar macrophages and respiratory epithelial cells, we measured the ability of calcium oxalate to sequester iron, stimulate cytokine release and cause granuloma formation. (nih.gov)
We then studied the effects of in vivo oxalate instillation on pulmonary granuloma formation over 3 to 6 months in rats. (nih.gov)
In alveolar macrophage cultures, oxalate accumulates iron and stimulates ferritin production and giant cell formation. (nih.gov)
In cultured respiratory epithelial cells, calcium oxalate increases the release of two interleukins (IL), IL-8 and IL-6, involved in granuloma formation by 8 to 10 fold within 24 hours. (nih.gov)
Intratracheal instillation of calcium oxalate crystals into the lungs of rats is associated with pulmonary iron and ferritin accumulation and organic carbonyl formation consistent with sustained oxidative stress. (nih.gov)
These results support an association between calcium oxalate deposition in the lung, iron mediated oxidative stress and formation of some of the granulomas of sarcoidosis. (nih.gov)
Izatulina A.R., Punin Y.O. (2012) Formation of Calcium Oxalates in the Human Body. (springer.com)
kindly suggest some medicines to solve the problem of calcium stone formation and chronic uti.suggest some strong medicine for albumin and pus and blood in urine. (abchomeopathy.com)
Dear shaikh waseem,thanks for your reply,i request u to go thru the entire post and read it carefully as this is the case of chronic stone formation(calcium oxalate), & UTI. (abchomeopathy.com)
Prevention centers on creating a urinary environment with minimal calcium and minimal oxalate as well as creating a urine pH that is not conducive to calcium oxalate formation. (marvistavet.com)
Calcium oxalate crystals on microscopic examination of urine are a normal finding, and have no correlation with stone formation at all. (ndtv.com)
4. The possible use of EHDP as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of calcium oxalate stone-formation is discussed. (portlandpress.com)
The process of stone formation starts with precipitation of crystals, when the urine is oversaturated with calcium oxalate. (scialert.net)
0.46 mmol/1.73 m 2 per 24 h) is a major risk factor for calcium oxalate-stone formation ( 1 , 2 ). (asnjournals.org)
In an extensive research conducted by Cleveland Clinic, it was found that calcium supplementation did increase the probability of kidney stone formation. (sepalika.com)
This work is the initial foray into determining the influence of a negatively charged polymer upon the formation of calcium oxalate. (elsevier.com)
As calcium stone causes the vast majority of stone formers, avoiding excessive calcium, reducing sodium and animal protein will help to reduce the risks of future stone formation. (morningnewsit.info)
Excess salt intake can cause extra calcium to enter into the urine and thus lead to stone formation. (morningnewsit.info)
This effect remains to be confirmed in vivo on the calcium oxalate crystallization in the formation of urine. (ijsr.net)
In order to assess the eventual role of VDR start-codon FokI polymorphism in stone formation, we evaluated the association between calcium stone disease and this polymorphism in a North Indian population. (cdc.gov)

Calcium oxalate is a combination of calcium ions and the conjugate base of oxalic acid, the oxalate anion. (wikipedia.org)
Experimental data show that the presence of peptides, bacteria, micromycetes and viruses, Mg 2+ , and CO 3 2− ions in the solution stabilizes the calcium oxalate dehydrate crystallization. (springer.com)
Calcium ions are known to play an important part in signal transduction in stomatal guard cells. (wiley.com)
the interaction between tubular epithelial cells and calcium oxalate crystals or oxalate ions is a very precarious event in the lithogenesis. (unifesp.br)
We examined the effect of oxalate ions and calcium oxalate crystals upon the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in distal [Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK)] and proximal (LLC-PK1) tubular cell lines.Methods. (unifesp.br)
Exposition of MDCK cells to oxalate ions increased apoptosis rate and the incorporation of S-35-sulfate in chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, while calcium oxalate crystals were endocyted by LLC-PK1, induced necrotic cell death, and increased S-35-sulfate incorporation in glycosaminoglycans. (unifesp.br)
Tubular cells may increase the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans to protect from the toxic insult of calcium oxalate crystals and oxalate ions, what could partially limit the lithogenesis. (unifesp.br)

Mainstays of calcium stone prevention involve manipulation of urine chemistries (urine sodium, citrate, oxalate, uric acid and calcium levels as well as urine specific gravity). (cmaj.ca)
1 At 5 years, the latter group had a 51% lower rate of stone recurrence than those following a low-calcium diet. (cmaj.ca)
2 Whether calcium supplements could have a similar effect in lowering stone recurrence rates has not been tested. (cmaj.ca)
Urinary Macromolecules in Calcium Oxalate Stone and Crystal Matrix: Good, Bad, or Indifferent. (routledge.com)
What is a calcium oxalate stone? (kidney.org)
An increasing number of calcium oxalate stone events worsens treatment outcome. (nih.gov)
If you've ever had a calcium oxalate kidney stone, you know that passing it can be quite an unpleasant experience. (livestrong.com)
my case is a chronic case of calcium stone fast formong tendency and UTI . (abchomeopathy.com)
The only way to know definitively that a bladder stone is a calcium oxalate stone is to actually retrieve it and send it to a laboratory for analysis. (mercola.com)
Our initial investigation of 40 recurrent calcium-oxalate stone formers indicated that they have significantly elevated urinary oxalate and calcium excretions and decreased excretions of ascorbate and citrate (1). (springer.com)
Although a urinalysis can provide a clue, the only way to know for sure that a dog's bladder stone is an oxalate stone is to retrieve a stone and have a laboratory analyze it. (marvistavet.com)
There are some metabolic diseases that might predispose a dog to creating a calcium oxalate stone. (marvistavet.com)
The extra calcium present in the urine will promote a stone. (marvistavet.com)
Again, extra calcium in the urine promotes a stone. (marvistavet.com)
Acidifying the body leads to an acid urine pH and more calcium loss into the urine, both factors in the development of a calcium oxalate stone. (marvistavet.com)
This Notice extends the expiration date for NIDDK PA-09-213: Calcium Oxalate Stone Diseases (R01) . (nih.gov)
Incidentally seeing few calcium oxalate crystals in urinalysis is common, but usually carries no clinical significance in non-stone formers. (healthtap.com)
In dogs, one of the most common stone detected in the urinary tract is composed of calcium oxalate. (barfplaats.nl)
But either way, increasing fluids, fruits and vegetables, and calcium-rich foods and also decreasing added sodium, sucrose, and high fructose corn syrup are good for all of us (and each also happens to reduce oxalate levels and/or stone risk). (drgreene.com)
Citrate in the urine lowers chance of oxalate stone. (healthtap.com)
Conclusions Tolvaptan increases urine volume and decreases urinary supersaturation in calcium stone formers. (elsevier.com)
Marble Calcium Stone Grindingrainbowoverseas. (journeyinstitches.co.za)
Let's pretend the stone was identified as a Calcium Oxalate bladder stone. (franklintnvet.com)
I had a kidney stone and the lab results showed it was full of calcium. (medindia.net)
Recurrent calcium-oxalate stone formers (SF) with or without hypocitraturia and healthy controls (C) were genotyped. (cdc.gov)
Fast forward again and lets pretend we have a diagnosis and identification of the type of stone and it is a Calcium Oxalate bladder stone. (petplanetmagazine.com)
The VDR FokI polymorphism may be a good candidate for a marker for calcium oxalate-stone disease. (cdc.gov)
Association of the vitamin D receptor gene start codon Fok I polymorphism with calcium oxalate stone disease. (cdc.gov)

The global Calcium Oxalate market is valued at XX million USD in 2017 and is expected to reach XX million USD by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2017 and 2025. (reportsnreports.com)
This report studies the global Calcium Oxalate market status and forecast, categorizes the global Calcium Oxalate market size (value & volume) by manufacturers, type, application, and region. (rnrmarketresearch.com)
The global Calcium Oxalate market is valued at million US$ in 2017 and will reach million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of during 2018-2025. (rnrmarketresearch.com)

The basicity of it is weaker than sodium oxalate, due to the solubility of the compound. (wikipedia.org)
Oxalic acid Sodium oxalate S. Deganello (1981). (wikipedia.org)
A volume ranging from 0.5 to 2 ml of each sample was placed in 5 ml of the sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4) presenting a concentration of 0.005 mol / l. (ijsr.net)

The primary foods that contain oxalates are grains and vegetables. (b-naturals.com)
HOW can meat that does NOT contain oxalates increase oxalates? (drgreene.com)
But many of our foods like green vegetables and fruits contain oxalates, a group of chemicals that the calcium should ideally combine within the intestines and allow the body to absorb the mineral for all the right purposes - strong bones, teeth, heart health, etc. (sepalika.com)

The report then estimates 2016-2021 market development trends of Calcium Oxalate 1 hydrate industry. (marketresearch.com)
Beside of that important information of 2016, worldwide High Purity Calcium Oxalate market report also gives forecast during 2017 to 2022 based on High Purity Calcium Oxalate industry revenue and High Purity Calcium Oxalate volume in (USD Million). (sbwire.com)

black subjects had significantly higher urinary pH and oxalate values than whites (6.50 vs 6.21 and 0.23 vs 0.14 mmol/24 h, respectively), while their urinary citrate was lower (1.47 vs 3.69 mmol/24 h). (unboundmedicine.com)
This decreases oxalate in the urine, probably from the extra potassium and citrate, among other things. (drgreene.com)
If you are taking a calcium nutritional supplement, calcium citrate is the popular sort. (ka-blogs.com)

This can happen if there is too much oxalate, too little liquid, and the oxalate "sticks" to calcium while urine is being made by the kidneys. (kidney.org)
You need to eat calcium so that it can bind with oxalate in the stomach and intestines before it moves to the kidneys. (kidney.org)
If the volume of liquid in your kidneys go down, this naturally makes the concentration of calcium oxalate higher, even if your diet isn't rich in problematic foods. (livestrong.com)
Calcium binds to the oxalate in the stomach and intestines before it reaches the kidneys. (livestrong.com)

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of defined diet modifications on urine composition and the risk of calcium oxalate crystallisation. (labome.org)

Bretherton, T, and Rodgers, A (1998): Crystallization of calcium oxalate in minimally diluted urine. (springer.com)
The aim of this work is to study the effect of the aqueous extract of jujube pulp on the crystallization of calcium oxalate. (ijsr.net)

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) assigned men with hypercalciuria to follow either a diet low in calcium (400 mg) and oxalate or a diet higher in calcium (1200 mg) with restricted intake of oxalate, protein and salt. (cmaj.ca)
A diet high in salt ( sodium ) causes calcium to build in your urine. (kidney.org)
Include the right amount of calcium in your diet. (kidney.org)
Speaking with your healthcare provider will help you find the best way to include calcium in your diet. (kidney.org)
The first is that your diet is too high in oxalates , protein, sugar and/or sodium. (livestrong.com)
Unlike struvites, diet changes can be helpful for dogs prone to oxalates. (b-naturals.com)
Oxalate is found in many foods, and oxalate levels in the urine can often be decreased by changes in the diet. (drgreene.com)
Animal protein as part of a balanced diet is fine, but a diet that focuses on large amounts animal protein can increase oxalate. (drgreene.com)
Associations of diet and breed with recurrence of calcium oxalate cystic calculi in dogs. (semanticscholar.org)
Low oxalate diet . (healthtap.com)
Calcium oxalate crystal related acute kidney injury was confirmed, and the patient was placed on a low oxalate diet. (biomedcentral.com)

Spontaneous urinary calcium oxalate crystallization in hypercalciuric children. (ebscohost.com)
Vitamin B6 is also reported to reduce urinary calcium. (medindia.net)

What does it mean if one passes crystals of calcium oxalate through urine along with traces of protein ? (ndtv.com)
The oxalate, derived from one or more possible metabolic pathways, could be involved in seed storage protein synthesis. (iastate.edu)
The carboxylate groups in the acidic Asp, Glu and Gla residues were marked in the Protein Data Bank structures and matched to calcium oxalate surfaces using the Cerius 3D molecular modeling program. (elsevier.com)
IFN, TNF, and IL-6 also significantly inhibited apical 14C-oxalate uptake by C2 cells through mechanisms involving reduced SLC26A6 (A6), an anion exchanger with essential role in intestinal oxalate secretion, mRNA/total protein expression. (grantome.com)

Urinalysis normal except for many calcium oxalate. (healthtap.com)
Urinalysis indicates few calcium oxalate. (healthtap.com)
Blood test showed elevated liver enzymes, urinalysis with calcium oxalate crystals. (healthcaremagic.com)

The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi. (labome.org)

Spinach is a high-oxalate foods that's best to limit or avoid if you have calcium oxalate crystals in your urine. (livestrong.com)
Calcium absorbability from spinach. (veganhealth.org)
The calcium content of spinach was measured in this study to be 200 mg per 477.5 mg of oxalate. (veganhealth.org)
1/2 cup of boiled spinach contains 122 mg of calcium per the USDA database and would, therefore contain about 291 mg of oxalate. (veganhealth.org)
A person should include foods rich in calcium, particularly if consuming foods that are higher in oxalate such as spinach. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Dietary oxalate is an organic ion found in many vegetables, fruits, and nuts. (wikipedia.org)
Epidemiologic evidence shows an inverse relation between dietary calcium intake and recurrence rates. (cmaj.ca)
We recommend a dose of 200-400 mg if dietary calcium cannot be increased. (cmaj.ca)
After the dietary protocol, the only urinary variable which changed significantly was urinary oxalate, which increased by 57% in whites. (unboundmedicine.com)
Besides vigorous oral hydration and usage of extra dietary calcium, other avoidance methods involve avoidance of enormous doses of supplemental vitamin C and restriction of oxalate-rich foods for instance leaf vegetables, rhubarb, soy products and solutions and chocolate. (ka-blogs.com)
Keep dietary oxalates low! (franklintnvet.com)

Global High Purity Calcium Oxalate Market 2017 lists the prominent manufacturers and provides the significant information of the key terms affecting the High Purity Calcium Oxalate market. (sbwire.com)

Globally, the major type of urinary calculi is calcium oxalate (CaO x ) 2 , 3 . (scialert.net)
My mom's 9 year old miniature schnauzer has just had surgery to remove multiple bladder calcium oxalate calculi. (justanswer.com)

Stiripentol protects against calcium oxalate nephropathy. (jci.org)
Calcium oxalate nephropathy is rare in current practice. (biomedcentral.com)
We report on a patient here with acute kidney disease due to calcium oxalate nephropathy, rather than the conditions mentioned above. (biomedcentral.com)
Oxalate nephropathy is a rare disease, and most cases are due to enteric hyperoxalauria. (biomedcentral.com)
Much less oxalate nephropathy will be seen in the currently performed surgery for morbid obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
Herein, we report the first case of oxalate nephropathy related acute kidney injury receiving a Roux-en Y hepaticojejunostomy due to gall bladder carcinoma, not previously reported in the literature. (biomedcentral.com)
We also did literature reviews for calcium oxalate nephropathy and held discussions regarding the characteristics of this patient. (biomedcentral.com)

A comparison of urine samples before and after calcium supplementation of 1486 patients indicated that that post supplementation, the urine samples contained lower levels of calcium and oxalate. (sepalika.com)

Evidence is presented here that the deposition of calcium oxalate in cells of the leaf achieves the necessary regulation. (wiley.com)
Acid deposition and repeated biomass harvest have decreased soil calcium (Ca) availability in many temperate forests worldwide, yet existing methods for assessing available soil Ca do not fully characterize soil Ca forms. (usgs.gov)

Anatomy3

Organisms4

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs30

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes2

Information Science1

Relationship between supersaturation and calcium oxalate crystallization in normals and idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers. (1/363)

Cell type-specific acquired protection from crystal adherence by renal tubule cells in culture. (2/363)

Nucleation of calcium oxalate crystals by albumin: involvement in the prevention of stone formation. (3/363)

Temporal changes in mRNA expression for bikunin in the kidneys of rats during calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. (4/363)

Essential arterial hypertension and stone disease. (5/363)

Calcium oxalate crystals (Weddellite) within the secretions of ductal carcinoma in situ--a rare phenomenon. (6/363)

Plasma calcium oxalate supersaturation in children with primary hyperoxaluria and end-stage renal failure. (7/363)

Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth and aggregation by prothrombin and its fragments in vitro: relationship between protein structure and inhibitory activity. (8/363)

Calcium Oxalate

Oxalates

Kidney Calculi

Oxalic Acid

Hyperoxaluria

Urinary Calculi

Nephrolithiasis

Crystallization

Urolithiasis

Ethylene Glycol

Oxalobacter formigenes

Calcium Phosphates

Uromodulin

Magnesium Compounds

Hyperoxaluria, Primary

Calcium Signaling

Araceae

Hypercalciuria

Urine

Mucoproteins

Apatites

Urinary Bladder Calculi

Calcium Channels

Calcium, Dietary

Osteopontin

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Jejunoileal Bypass

Citric Acid

Glyoxylates

Potassium Citrate

Glycolates

Nephrocalcinosis

Lithiasis

Kidney Tubules

Calcium Radioisotopes

Microscopy, Polarization

Trypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz Soybean

Kidney

Hydroxyproline

Calculi

Calcium Carbonate

Uric Acid

Durapatite

Nephrostomy, Percutaneous

Nafronyl

Sargassum

Alpha-Globulins

Citrates

Calcium Chloride

Calcium Isotopes

Cystostomy

Phosphorus

Tribulus

Calcium

Anion Transport Proteins

Microcomputers

Relationship between supersaturation and calcium oxalate crystallization in normals and idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers. (1/363)

Cell type-specific acquired protection from crystal adherence by renal tubule cells in culture. (2/363)

Nucleation of calcium oxalate crystals by albumin: involvement in the prevention of stone formation. (3/363)

Temporal changes in mRNA expression for bikunin in the kidneys of rats during calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. (4/363)

Essential arterial hypertension and stone disease. (5/363)

Calcium oxalate crystals (Weddellite) within the secretions of ductal carcinoma in situ--a rare phenomenon. (6/363)

Plasma calcium oxalate supersaturation in children with primary hyperoxaluria and end-stage renal failure. (7/363)

Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth and aggregation by prothrombin and its fragments in vitro: relationship between protein structure and inhibitory activity. (8/363)

IDIOPATHIC CALCIUM OXALATE STONE FORMERS (ICSF) | Kidney Stone Evaluation And Treatment Program

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NOT-DK-12-011: Extension of Expiration Date for NIDDK Program Announcement, PA-09-213: Calcium Oxalate Stone Diseases (R01)

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$Gentaur Molecular :Nacala \ Ammonium Oxalate Monohydrate \ 02527-02$ Gentaur Molecular :Nacala \ Ammonium Oxalate Monohydrate \ 02527-02