A salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magnesium poisoning.
The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.
The application of knowledge to the food industry.
Physiological changes that occur in bodies after death.
Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.
Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.
Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.
The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.
Term used to designate tetrahydroxy aldehydic acids obtained by oxidation of hexose sugars, i.e. glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, etc. Historically, the name hexuronic acid was originally given to ascorbic acid.
A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.
Salts of alginic acid that are extracted from marine kelp and used to make dental impressions and as absorbent material for surgical dressings.
Gluconates are salts or esters of gluconic acid, primarily used in medical treatments as a source of the essential nutrient, calcium, and as a chelating agent to bind and remove toxic metals such as aluminum and iron from the body.
The productive enterprises concerned with food processing.
A genus of nematode worms in the superfamily Heterakoidea. A. galli and A. lineata are important intestinal parasites of domestic fowl.
Inorganic compounds that contain calcium as an integral part of the molecule.
A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.
Cell membrane glycoproteins that form channels to selectively pass chloride ions. Nonselective blockers include FENAMATES; ETHACRYNIC ACID; and TAMOXIFEN.
Procedures to block or remove all or part of the genital tract for the purpose of rendering individuals sterile, incapable of reproduction. Surgical sterilization procedures are the most commonly used. There are also sterilization procedures involving chemical or physical means.
Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.
Containers, packaging, and packaging materials for processed and raw foods and beverages. It includes packaging intended to be used for storage and also used for preparation of foods such as microwave food containers versus COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS. Packaging materials may be intended for food contact or designated non-contact, for example, shipping containers. FOOD LABELING is also available.
A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.
Any aspect of the operations in the preparation, processing, transport, storage, packaging, wrapping, exposure for sale, service, or delivery of food.
Calcium compounds used as food supplements or in food to supply the body with calcium. Dietary calcium is needed during growth for bone development and for maintenance of skeletal integrity later in life to prevent osteoporosis.
Procedures or techniques used to keep food from spoiling.
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.
The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.
A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.
The ability to detect chemicals through gustatory receptors in the mouth, including those on the TONGUE; the PALATE; the PHARYNX; and the EPIGLOTTIS.
A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.
A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquefies; the resulting colloid is called a sol.
Relating to the size of solids.
The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.
An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
Stable calcium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element calcium, but differ in atomic weight. Ca-42-44, 46, and 48 are stable calcium isotopes.
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
A polyvinyl resin used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, including medical devices, tubing, and other packaging. It is also used as a rubber substitute.
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Intrarenal site of action of calcium on renin secretion in dogs. (1/1096)

We studied the effects of intrarenal calcium infusion on renin secretion in sodium-depleted dogs in an attempt to elucidate the major site of calcium-induced inhibition of renin release. Both calcium chloride and calcium gluconate reduced renal blood flow and renin secretion while renal perfusion pressure was unchanged. These data indicate that calcium inhibition of renin secretion did not occur primarily at the renal vascular receptor; decreased renal blood flow is usually associated with increased renin secretion. Calcium chloride infusion increased urinary chloride excretion without affecting sodium excretion, and calcium gluconate failed to increase either sodium or chloride excretion. Also, the filtered loads of sodium and chloride were unchanged during the calcium infusions. These results give no indication that calcium inhibited renin secretion by increasing the sodium or chloride load at the macula densa. The effects of intrarenal calcium infusion on renin release were also assessed in dogs with a nonfiltering kidney in which renal tubular mechanisms could not influence renin secretion. The observation that calcium still suppressed renin release in these dogs provides additional evidence that the the major effect of calcium involved nontubular mechanisms. Thus, it appears likely that calcium acted directly on the juxtaglomerular cells to inhibit renin secretion.  (+info)

Isolation and purification of rat mammary tumor peroxidase. (2/1096)

7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors often contain high levels of the enzyme perioxidase, a putative marker of estrogen dependence. This enzyme can be effectively extracted with 0.5 M CaCl2, giving rise to a soluble peroxidase with a molecular weight of about 50,000 as determined by gel filtration. This is the same size as the estrogen-induced peroxidase of rat uterus but smaller than other mammalian peroxidases. Further purification of the rat mammary tumor peroxidase by concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl Sepharose provides a 640-fold purification of the enzyme.  (+info)

Electrical and mechanical responses to diltiazem in potassium depolarized myocardium of the guinea pig. (3/1096)

Effects of diltiazem on the electrical and mechanical activities of guinea pig papillary muscle were investigated in K-rich Tyrode's solution (Kc1 12.7 mM). The electrical properties of cell membrane in K-rich solution were also examined in the ventricular muscle fibers. It was found that the overshoot as well as the maximum rate of rise (Vmax) of the action potential were highly sensitive to the extracellular concentration of CaC12 in K-rich solution. Vmax was also affected by NaC1. Diltiazem at a lower concentration (1.1 X 10(-7) M) caused a reduction in the contractile force of K-depolarized papillary muscle without producing significant changes in the resting and action potentials. In the presence of a higher concentration of diltiazem (1.1 X 10(-5) M), the contractile force decreased concurrently with the change in the action potential. Addition of CaC12 restored the original strength of contraction in parallel to the recovery of the action potential, especially in its overshoot and Vmax. From these results, it is inferred that diltiazem may decrease the contractile force of guinea pig papillary muscle either by interfering with the intrasmembrane calcium influx or by intracellularly reducing the free calcium ion concentration in the myoplasm.  (+info)

Effect of salt addition on the fractal structure of aggregates formed by heating dilute BSA solutions. (4/1096)

The fractal dimension, Df, of aggregates in a dilute BSA system with added salt was evaluated by static light scattering (SLS). A fractal structure was observed for the system with NaCl addition. The values of Df increased with increasing heating time and ionic strength. The values of Df were larger than those (Df = 1.8 or 2.1) predicted by the conventional cluster-cluster aggregation model, probably due to a "restructuring" of aggregates during the aggregation process. On the other hand, a fractal structure was not apparent for the system with added CaCl2.  (+info)

Effect of praeruptorin C on spontaneous [Ca2+]i transients in cultured myocardial cells of neonatal rats. (5/1096)

AIMS: To study the effects of praeruptorin C (Pra-C) on [Ca2+]i transients in cultured neonatal myocardiocytes. METHOD: Using Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent indicator, Fura 2-AM, spontaneous cytosolic Ca2+ transients were measured in cultured myocardial cells of neonatal rats. RESULTS: Pra-C 10, 30 mumol.L-1 caused a decrease in the peak of Ca2+ transients. Pra-C 30 mumol.L-1 and 10-30 mumol.L-1 inhibited partly the stimulatory effects of CaCl2 4.8 mmol.L-1 and Bay k 8644 100 nmol.L-1 on peak Ca2+ transients, respectively. Pra-C did not cause any marked change in the basal [Ca2+]i level between beats. Pra-C inhibited the reduced [Ca2+]i transients after inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in ryanodine pretreated cells. CONCLUSIONS: Pra-C inferred with the Ca2+ influx responsible for excitation-contraction coupling in myocardiocytes.  (+info)

Effects of cycloprotobuxine-A on atrial fibrillation. (6/1096)

AIM: To study the effects of cycloprotobuxine-A (Cyc-A) on atrial fibrillation. METHODS: Atrial fibrillations in vivo and in vitro were induced by arrhythmogenic drugs. Action potentials were measured by the standard microelectrode technique. RESULTS: Cyc-A, similar to or slightly stronger than amiodarone (Ami), decreased incidences of atrial fibrillation elicited by CaCl2-acetylcholine in mice and increased doses of aconitine, ouabain, or adrenaline to elicit atrial fibrillation in isolated guinea pig atria. Cyc-A 0.3-100 mumol.L-1 decreased the normal automaticity and 0.3-30 mumol.L-1 attenuated or almost abolished the isoprenaline-induced abnormal increase in automaticity in sinus nodal cells. In isolated left atria, Cyc-A 0.3-30 mumol.L-1 inhibited the abnormal rhythmic activity elicited by adrenaline, prolonged action potential duration (APD) and effective refractory period, and reduced excitability. At 3-30 mumol.L-1, Cyc-A also decreased the maximal velocity of depolarization (Vmax). Cyc-A antagonized the acetylcholine-induced shortening of APD. These electrophysiologic effects were similar to those of amiodarone, but Ami did not affect the Vmax. CONCLUSION: Cyc-A produces a protective effect against experimental atrial fibrillation via a prolongation of repolarization, a decease of automaticity, and an inhibition of excitability.  (+info)

Heparin influence on alpha-staphylotoxin formed channel. (7/1096)

The effects of heparin on ion channels formed by Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin (ST channel) in lipid bilayers were studied under voltage clamp conditions. Heparin concentrations as small as 100 pM induced a sharp dose-dependent increase in channel voltage sensitivity. This was only observed when heparin was added to the negative-potential side of lipid bilayers in the presence of divalent cations. Divalent cations differ in their efficiency: Zn2+>Ca2+>Mg2+. The apparent positive gating charge increased 2-3-fold with heparin addition as well as with acidification of the bathing solution. 'Free' carboxyl groups and carboxyl groups in ion pairs of the protein moiety are hypothesized to interact with sulfated groups of heparin through divalent cation bridges. The cis mouth of the channel (that protrudes beyond the membrane plane on the side of ST addition and to which voltage was applied) is less sensitive to heparin than the trans-mouth. It is suggested that charged residues which interact with heparin at the cis mouth of ST channels and which contribute to the effective gating charge at negative voltage may be physically different from those at the trans mouth and at positive voltage.  (+info)

Modulation of calcium mobilization in aortic rings of pregnant rats: Contribution of extracellular calcium and of voltage-operated calcium channels. (8/1096)

Pregnancy is associated with decreased vascular responsiveness to vasopressor stimuli. We have tested the involvement of Ca2+ mobilization in myotropic responses of aortic rings obtained from pregnant and virgin rats. Contractions of the rings to phenylephrine, in the absence of calcium in the bathing medium, were lower in tissues from virgin than from pregnant rats. Concentration-response curves to CaCl2 that were measured after stimulation by phenylephrine in the absence of Ca2+ were shifted to higher levels of contraction. This was not observed when KCl was used to prestimulate the aorta. D-600, a phenylalkylamine calcium channel blocker, similarly inhibited these responses to CaCl2 in tissues from both pregnant and virgin animals. D-600 exerted a concentration-dependent inhibition of responses to phenylephrine and KCl. However, the calcium antagonist was less effective in aortic rings of pregnant than of virgin rats. Basal 45Ca2+ uptake was lower in aortic rings from pregnant than from virgin rats, and Bay K 8644 was unable to reverse this difference. The time course of basal and stimulated (KCl) 45Ca2+ influx was lower in aorta of pregnant rats at all times studied. Moreover, when the intracellular calcium pools were emptied with phenylephrine, the refilling of these pools was delayed in aortic rings of pregnant rats. These results indicate an altered extracellular calcium mobilization of aortic rings from pregnant rats. These changes may be due to a functional alteration of the voltage-operated calcium channels during pregnancy.  (+info)

Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CaCl2. It is a white, odorless, and tasteless solid that is highly soluble in water. Calcium chloride is commonly used as a de-icing agent, a desiccant (drying agent), and a food additive to enhance texture and flavor.

In medical terms, calcium chloride can be used as a medication to treat hypocalcemia (low levels of calcium in the blood) or hyperkalemia (high levels of potassium in the blood). It is administered intravenously and works by increasing the concentration of calcium ions in the blood, which helps to regulate various physiological processes such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and blood clotting.

However, it is important to note that calcium chloride can have adverse effects if not used properly or in excessive amounts. It can cause tissue irritation, cardiac arrhythmias, and other serious complications. Therefore, its use should be monitored carefully by healthcare professionals.

Calcium gluconate is a medical compound that is used primarily as a medication to treat conditions related to low calcium levels in the body (hypocalcemia) or to prevent calcium deficiency. It is also used as an antidote for treating poisoning from certain chemicals, such as beta-blockers and fluoride.

Calcium gluconate is a form of calcium salt, which is combined with gluconic acid, a natural organic acid found in various fruits and honey. This compound has a high concentration of calcium, making it an effective supplement for increasing calcium levels in the body.

In medical settings, calcium gluconate can be administered orally as a tablet or liquid solution, or it can be given intravenously (directly into a vein) by a healthcare professional. The intravenous route is typically used in emergency situations to quickly raise calcium levels and treat symptoms of hypocalcemia, such as muscle cramps, spasms, or seizures.

It's important to note that while calcium gluconate can be beneficial for treating low calcium levels, it should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider, as improper use or overdose can lead to serious side effects, including kidney damage and heart problems.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Food Technology" is not a term that has a widely recognized medical definition. It is a multidisciplinary field involving aspects of food science, chemical engineering, and nutrition, among others, which deals with the production, preservation, and packaging of food products to make them safe, nutritious, and appealing.

However, if you're asking about how certain food technologies or food components might have medical implications, I could provide some information on that front. For example, there are various food technologies used in the processing and preparation of foods that can affect their nutritional content, safety, and potential health benefits or risks. Some examples include:

* Fortification: adding essential nutrients to foods to prevent deficiencies (e.g., adding folic acid to bread and cereals)
* Pasteurization: heating food to kill harmful bacteria and extend shelf life (e.g., milk, juice, and some prepared foods)
* Irradiation: exposing food to low levels of radiation to reduce or eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life (e.g., spices, herbs, and some fruits and vegetables)
* Food additives: substances added to food for various purposes, such as preservation, coloring, flavoring, or texturizing (e.g., artificial sweeteners, food dyes, and emulsifiers)

Each of these technologies and components can have potential medical implications, both positive and negative, depending on the specific application and individual factors. For example, fortification can help prevent nutrient deficiencies and improve public health, while certain food additives or processing methods may be associated with adverse health effects in some people.

If you have a more specific question about how a particular food technology or component might relate to medical issues, I'd be happy to try to provide more information based on the available evidence!

"Postmortem changes," also known as "autolysis" or "decomposition," refer to the natural biological processes that occur in a deceased body after death. These changes include various chemical, physical, and biological alterations such as livor mortis (pooling of blood), algor mortis (drop in body temperature), rigor mortis (stiffening of muscles), putrefaction (breakdown by microorganisms), and decomposition by insects and other animals. These changes help forensic experts estimate the time since death, known as the postmortem interval.

Chlorides are simple inorganic ions consisting of a single chlorine atom bonded to a single charged hydrogen ion (H+). Chloride is the most abundant anion (negatively charged ion) in the extracellular fluid in the human body. The normal range for chloride concentration in the blood is typically between 96-106 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L).

Chlorides play a crucial role in maintaining electrical neutrality, acid-base balance, and osmotic pressure in the body. They are also essential for various physiological processes such as nerve impulse transmission, maintenance of membrane potentials, and digestion (as hydrochloric acid in the stomach).

Chloride levels can be affected by several factors, including diet, hydration status, kidney function, and certain medical conditions. Increased or decreased chloride levels can indicate various disorders, such as dehydration, kidney disease, Addison's disease, or diabetes insipidus. Therefore, monitoring chloride levels is essential for assessing a person's overall health and diagnosing potential medical issues.

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks and in the shells of many marine animals. As a mineral, it is known as calcite or aragonite.

In the medical field, calcium carbonate is often used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat calcium deficiency. It is also commonly used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid and relieve symptoms of heartburn, acid reflux, and indigestion.

Calcium carbonate works by reacting with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to form water, carbon dioxide, and calcium chloride. This reaction helps to raise the pH level in the stomach and neutralize excess acid.

It is important to note that excessive use of calcium carbonate can lead to hypercalcemia, a condition characterized by high levels of calcium in the blood, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, confusion, and muscle weakness. Therefore, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

Calcium signaling is the process by which cells regulate various functions through changes in intracellular calcium ion concentrations. Calcium ions (Ca^2+^) are crucial second messengers that play a critical role in many cellular processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, gene expression, and programmed cell death (apoptosis).

Intracellular calcium levels are tightly regulated by a complex network of channels, pumps, and exchangers located on the plasma membrane and intracellular organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. These proteins control the influx, efflux, and storage of calcium ions within the cell.

Calcium signaling is initiated when an external signal, such as a hormone or neurotransmitter, binds to a specific receptor on the plasma membrane. This interaction triggers the opening of ion channels, allowing extracellular Ca^2+^ to flow into the cytoplasm. In some cases, this influx of calcium ions is sufficient to activate downstream targets directly. However, in most instances, the increase in intracellular Ca^2+^ serves as a trigger for the release of additional calcium from internal stores, such as the ER.

The release of calcium from the ER is mediated by ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), which are activated by specific second messengers generated in response to the initial external signal. The activation of these channels leads to a rapid increase in cytoplasmic Ca^2+^, creating a transient intracellular calcium signal known as a "calcium spark" or "calcium puff."

These localized increases in calcium concentration can then propagate throughout the cell as waves of elevated calcium, allowing for the spatial and temporal coordination of various cellular responses. The duration and amplitude of these calcium signals are finely tuned by the interplay between calcium-binding proteins, pumps, and exchangers, ensuring that appropriate responses are elicited in a controlled manner.

Dysregulation of intracellular calcium signaling has been implicated in numerous pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms governing calcium homeostasis and signaling is crucial for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting these diseases.

In a medical context, "meat" generally refers to the flesh of animals that is consumed as food. This includes muscle tissue, as well as fat and other tissues that are often found in meat products. However, it's worth noting that some people may have dietary restrictions or medical conditions that prevent them from consuming meat, so it's always important to consider individual preferences and needs when discussing food options.

It's also worth noting that the consumption of meat can have both positive and negative health effects. On the one hand, meat is a good source of protein, iron, vitamin B12, and other essential nutrients. On the other hand, consuming large amounts of red and processed meats has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer. Therefore, it's generally recommended to consume meat in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Hexuronic acids are a type of uronic acid that contains six carbon atoms and is commonly found in various biological tissues and polysaccharides, such as pectins, heparin, and certain glycoproteins. The most common hexuronic acids are glucuronic acid and iduronic acid, which are formed from the oxidation of the corresponding hexoses, glucose and galactose, respectively. Hexuronic acids play important roles in various biological processes, including the detoxification and excretion of xenobiotics, the formation of proteoglycans, and the regulation of cell growth and differentiation.

Glucuronic acid is a physiological important organic acid, which is a derivative of glucose. It is formed by the oxidation of the primary alcohol group of glucose to form a carboxyl group at the sixth position. Glucuronic acid plays a crucial role in the detoxification process in the body as it conjugates with toxic substances, making them water-soluble and facilitating their excretion through urine or bile. This process is known as glucuronidation. It is also a component of various polysaccharides, such as heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, which are found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues.

Alginates are a type of polysaccharide derived from brown algae or produced synthetically, which have gelling and thickening properties. In medical context, they are commonly used as a component in wound dressings, dental impressions, and bowel cleansing products. The gels formed by alginates can provide a protective barrier to wounds, help maintain a moist environment, and promote healing. They can also be used to create a mold of the mouth or other body parts in dental and medical applications. In bowel cleansing, sodium alginates are often combined with sodium bicarbonate and water to form a solution that expands and stimulates bowel movements, helping to prepare the colon for procedures such as colonoscopy.

Gluconates are a group of salts and esters derived from gluconic acid, a weak organic acid that is naturally produced in the human body during the metabolism of carbohydrates. In medical contexts, gluconates are often used as a source of the essential mineral ions, such as calcium, magnesium, and iron, which are necessary for various bodily functions.

Gluconate salts are commonly used in pharmaceutical and nutritional supplements because they are highly soluble in water, making them easy to absorb and utilize by the body. For example, calcium gluconate is a common treatment for hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels), while magnesium gluconate is used to treat magnesium deficiency.

Gluconates may also be used as preservatives in some medical products, such as intravenous solutions and eye drops, due to their ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. Overall, gluconates are a versatile class of compounds with important applications in medicine and health.

I believe there might be a slight confusion in your question. The "food processing industry" is not a medical term per se, but rather a term used to describe the branch of manufacturing that involves transforming raw agricultural ingredients into food products for commercial sale.

The food-processing industry includes activities such as:

1. Cleaning and grading raw food materials
2. Preservation through canning, freezing, refrigeration, or dehydration
3. Preparation of food by chopping, cooking, baking, or mixing
4. Packaging and labeling of the final food product

While not a medical term, it is still relevant to the medical field as processed foods can impact human health, both positively and negatively. For example, processing can help preserve nutrients, increase food safety, and make certain foods more accessible and convenient. However, overly processed foods often contain high levels of added sugars, sodium, and unhealthy fats, which can contribute to various health issues such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.

"Ascaridia" is a genus of parasitic roundworms that infect the gastrointestinal tract of various animals, including birds and mammals. The most common species to infect humans is Ascaris lumbricoides, also known as the "human roundworm."

Ascaridia infections can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the severity of the infestation. Mild infections may not cause any noticeable symptoms, while more severe infections can lead to abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. In extreme cases, Ascaris worms can obstruct the intestines or migrate to other parts of the body, causing potentially life-threatening complications.

Ascaridia infections are typically transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water that contains eggs shed by infected individuals. Once inside the body, the eggs hatch and release larvae that migrate to the lungs, where they mature before being coughed up and swallowed, eventually settling in the small intestine and developing into adult worms.

Preventive measures include practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the toilet or handling soil, and cooking food thoroughly to kill any potential parasites. In areas where Ascaridia infections are common, preventive treatment with anthelmintic medications may be recommended for high-risk populations.

Calcium compounds are chemical substances that contain calcium ions (Ca2+) bonded to various anions. Calcium is an essential mineral for human health, and calcium compounds have numerous biological and industrial applications. Here are some examples of calcium compounds with their medical definitions:

1. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3): A common mineral found in rocks and sediments, calcium carbonate is also a major component of shells, pearls, and bones. It is used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat calcium deficiency and as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid.
2. Calcium citrate (C6H8CaO7): A calcium salt of citric acid, calcium citrate is often used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat calcium deficiency. It is more soluble in water and gastric juice than calcium carbonate, making it easier to absorb, especially for people with low stomach acid.
3. Calcium gluconate (C12H22CaO14): A calcium salt of gluconic acid, calcium gluconate is used as a medication to treat or prevent hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels) and hyperkalemia (high blood potassium levels). It can be given intravenously, orally, or topically.
4. Calcium chloride (CaCl2): A white, deliquescent salt, calcium chloride is used as a de-icing agent, a food additive, and a desiccant. In medical settings, it can be used to treat hypocalcemia or hyperkalemia, or as an antidote for magnesium overdose.
5. Calcium lactate (C6H10CaO6): A calcium salt of lactic acid, calcium lactate is used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat calcium deficiency. It is less commonly used than calcium carbonate or calcium citrate but may be better tolerated by some people.
6. Calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2): A mineral found in rocks and bones, calcium phosphate is used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat calcium deficiency. It can also be used as a food additive or a pharmaceutical excipient.
7. Calcium sulfate (CaSO4): A white, insoluble powder, calcium sulfate is used as a desiccant, a plaster, and a fertilizer. In medical settings, it can be used to treat hypocalcemia or as an antidote for magnesium overdose.
8. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2): A white, alkaline powder, calcium hydroxide is used as a disinfectant, a flocculant, and a building material. In medical settings, it can be used to treat hyperkalemia or as an antidote for aluminum overdose.
9. Calcium acetate (Ca(C2H3O2)2): A white, crystalline powder, calcium acetate is used as a food additive and a medication. It can be used to treat hyperphosphatemia (high blood phosphate levels) in patients with kidney disease.
10. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3): A white, chalky powder, calcium carbonate is used as a dietary supplement, a food additive, and a pharmaceutical excipient. It can also be used as a building material and a mineral supplement.

Sodium Chloride is defined as the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. It is commonly known as table salt or halite, and it is used extensively in food seasoning and preservation due to its ability to enhance flavor and inhibit bacterial growth. In medicine, sodium chloride is used as a balanced electrolyte solution for rehydration and as a topical wound irrigant and antiseptic. It is also an essential component of the human body's fluid balance and nerve impulse transmission.

Chloride channels are membrane proteins that form hydrophilic pores or gaps, allowing the selective passage of chloride ions (Cl-) across the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. They play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including regulation of neuronal excitability, maintenance of resting membrane potential, fluid and electrolyte transport, and pH and volume regulation of cells.

Chloride channels can be categorized into several groups based on their structure, function, and mechanism of activation. Some of the major classes include:

1. Voltage-gated chloride channels (ClC): These channels are activated by changes in membrane potential and have a variety of functions, such as regulating neuronal excitability and transepithelial transport.
2. Ligand-gated chloride channels: These channels are activated by the binding of specific ligands or messenger molecules, like GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) or glycine, and are involved in neurotransmission and neuromodulation.
3. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR): This is a chloride channel primarily located in the apical membrane of epithelial cells, responsible for secreting chloride ions and water to maintain proper hydration and mucociliary clearance in various organs, including the lungs and pancreas.
4. Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs): These channels are activated by increased intracellular calcium concentrations and participate in various physiological processes, such as smooth muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and cell volume regulation.
5. Swelling-activated chloride channels (ClSwells): Also known as volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs), these channels are activated by cell swelling or osmotic stress and help regulate cell volume and ionic homeostasis.

Dysfunction of chloride channels has been implicated in various human diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, myotonia congenita, epilepsy, and certain forms of cancer.

Reproductive sterilization is a surgical procedure that aims to prevent reproduction by making an individual unable to produce viable reproductive cells or preventing the union of sperm and egg. In males, this is often achieved through a vasectomy, which involves cutting and sealing the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra. In females, sterilization is typically performed via a procedure called tubal ligation, where the fallopian tubes are cut, tied, or sealed, preventing the egg from traveling from the ovaries to the uterus and blocking sperm from reaching the egg. These methods are considered permanent forms of contraception; however, in rare cases, reversals may be attempted with varying degrees of success.

Calcium channels are specialized proteins that span the membrane of cells and allow calcium ions (Ca²+) to flow in and out of the cell. They are crucial for many physiological processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, hormone secretion, and gene expression.

There are several types of calcium channels, classified based on their biophysical and pharmacological properties. The most well-known are:

1. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs): These channels are activated by changes in the membrane potential. They are further divided into several subtypes, including L-type, P/Q-type, N-type, R-type, and T-type. VGCCs play a critical role in excitation-contraction coupling in muscle cells and neurotransmitter release in neurons.
2. Receptor-operated calcium channels (ROCCs): These channels are activated by the binding of an extracellular ligand, such as a hormone or neurotransmitter, to a specific receptor on the cell surface. ROCCs are involved in various physiological processes, including smooth muscle contraction and platelet activation.
3. Store-operated calcium channels (SOCCs): These channels are activated by the depletion of intracellular calcium stores, such as those found in the endoplasmic reticulum. SOCCs play a critical role in maintaining calcium homeostasis and signaling within cells.

Dysregulation of calcium channel function has been implicated in various diseases, including hypertension, arrhythmias, migraine, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, calcium channels are an important target for drug development and therapy.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Food Packaging" is not a medical term. It is a term used to describe the process and materials used to package food products to protect them from contamination, damage, and to provide information about the product. Medical definitions are typically related to diseases, conditions, treatments, or anatomical terms. If you have any questions related to medical terminology, I'd be happy to help with those!

Nephrocalcinosis is a medical condition characterized by the deposition of calcium salts in the renal parenchyma, specifically within the tubular epithelial cells and interstitium of the kidneys. This process can lead to chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and ultimately impaired renal function if left untreated.

The condition is often associated with metabolic disorders such as hyperparathyroidism, distal renal tubular acidosis, or hyperoxaluria; medications like loop diuretics, corticosteroids, or calcineurin inhibitors; and chronic kidney diseases. The diagnosis of nephrocalcinosis is typically made through imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or X-ray. Treatment usually involves addressing the underlying cause, modifying dietary habits, and administering medications to control calcium levels in the body.

"Food handling" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in the context of public health and food safety, it generally refers to the activities involved in the storage, preparation, and serving of food in a way that minimizes the risk of contamination and foodborne illnesses. This includes proper hygiene practices, such as handwashing and wearing gloves, separating raw and cooked foods, cooking food to the correct temperature, and refrigerating or freezing food promptly. Proper food handling is essential for ensuring the safety and quality of food in various settings, including restaurants, hospitals, schools, and homes.

Dietary calcium is a type of calcium that is obtained through food sources. Calcium is an essential mineral that is necessary for many bodily functions, including bone formation and maintenance, muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and blood clotting.

The recommended daily intake of dietary calcium varies depending on age, sex, and other factors. For example, the recommended daily intake for adults aged 19-50 is 1000 mg, while women over 50 and men over 70 require 1200 mg per day.

Good dietary sources of calcium include dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt; leafy green vegetables like broccoli and kale; fortified cereals and juices; and certain types of fish, such as salmon and sardines. It is important to note that some foods can inhibit the absorption of calcium, including oxalates found in spinach and rhubarb, and phytates found in whole grains and legumes.

If a person is unable to get enough calcium through their diet, they may need to take calcium supplements. However, it is important to talk to a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen, as excessive intake of calcium can lead to negative health effects.

Food preservation, in the context of medical and nutritional sciences, refers to the process of treating, handling, and storing food items to reduce the risk of foodborne illness and to extend their shelf life. The goal is to prevent the growth of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, and mold, as well as to slow down the oxidation process that can lead to spoilage.

Common methods of food preservation include:

1. Refrigeration and freezing: These techniques slow down the growth of microorganisms and enzyme activity that cause food to spoil.
2. Canning: This involves sealing food in airtight containers, then heating them to destroy microorganisms and inactivate enzymes.
3. Dehydration: Removing water from food inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
4. Acidification: Adding acidic ingredients like lemon juice or vinegar can lower the pH of food, making it less hospitable to microorganisms.
5. Fermentation: This process involves converting sugars into alcohol or acids using bacteria or yeasts, which can preserve food and also enhance its flavor.
6. Irradiation: Exposing food to small doses of radiation can kill bacteria, parasites, and insects, extending the shelf life of certain foods.
7. Pasteurization: Heating food to a specific temperature for a set period of time can destroy harmful bacteria while preserving the nutritional value and taste.

Proper food preservation is crucial in preventing foodborne illnesses and ensuring the safety and quality of the food supply.

Hydrogen-ion concentration, also known as pH, is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (to the base 10) of the hydrogen ion activity in a solution. The standard unit of measurement is the pH unit. A pH of 7 is neutral, less than 7 is acidic, and greater than 7 is basic.

In medical terms, hydrogen-ion concentration is important for maintaining homeostasis within the body. For example, in the stomach, a high hydrogen-ion concentration (low pH) is necessary for the digestion of food. However, in other parts of the body such as blood, a high hydrogen-ion concentration can be harmful and lead to acidosis. Conversely, a low hydrogen-ion concentration (high pH) in the blood can lead to alkalosis. Both acidosis and alkalosis can have serious consequences on various organ systems if not corrected.

Calcium is an essential mineral that is vital for various physiological processes in the human body. The medical definition of calcium is as follows:

Calcium (Ca2+) is a crucial cation and the most abundant mineral in the human body, with approximately 99% of it found in bones and teeth. It plays a vital role in maintaining structural integrity, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, hormonal secretion, blood coagulation, and enzyme activation.

Calcium homeostasis is tightly regulated through the interplay of several hormones, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and vitamin D. Dietary calcium intake, absorption, and excretion are also critical factors in maintaining optimal calcium levels in the body.

Hypocalcemia refers to low serum calcium levels, while hypercalcemia indicates high serum calcium levels. Both conditions can have detrimental effects on various organ systems and require medical intervention to correct.

"Cattle" is a term used in the agricultural and veterinary fields to refer to domesticated animals of the genus *Bos*, primarily *Bos taurus* (European cattle) and *Bos indicus* (Zebu). These animals are often raised for meat, milk, leather, and labor. They are also known as bovines or cows (for females), bulls (intact males), and steers/bullocks (castrated males). However, in a strict medical definition, "cattle" does not apply to humans or other animals.

"Intramuscular injections" refer to a medical procedure where a medication or vaccine is administered directly into the muscle tissue. This is typically done using a hypodermic needle and syringe, and the injection is usually given into one of the large muscles in the body, such as the deltoid (shoulder), vastus lateralis (thigh), or ventrogluteal (buttock) muscles.

Intramuscular injections are used for a variety of reasons, including to deliver medications that need to be absorbed slowly over time, to bypass stomach acid and improve absorption, or to ensure that the medication reaches the bloodstream quickly and directly. Common examples of medications delivered via intramuscular injection include certain vaccines, antibiotics, and pain relievers.

It is important to follow proper technique when administering intramuscular injections to minimize pain and reduce the risk of complications such as infection or injury to surrounding tissues. Proper site selection, needle length and gauge, and injection technique are all critical factors in ensuring a safe and effective intramuscular injection.

In the context of medical terminology, "solutions" refers to a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, in which one substance (the solute) is uniformly distributed within another substance (the solvent). The solvent is typically the greater component of the solution and is capable of dissolving the solute.

Solutions can be classified based on the physical state of the solvent and solute. For instance, a solution in which both the solvent and solute are liquids is called a liquid solution or simply a solution. A solid solution is one where the solvent is a solid and the solute is either a gas, liquid, or solid. Similarly, a gas solution refers to a mixture where the solvent is a gas and the solute can be a gas, liquid, or solid.

In medical applications, solutions are often used as vehicles for administering medications, such as intravenous (IV) fluids, oral rehydration solutions, eye drops, and topical creams or ointments. The composition of these solutions is carefully controlled to ensure the appropriate concentration and delivery of the active ingredients.

Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker medication that is primarily used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), angina (chest pain), and certain types of cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heart rhyats). It works by relaxing the smooth muscle cells in the walls of blood vessels, which causes them to dilate or widen, reducing the resistance to blood flow and thereby lowering blood pressure. Verapamil also slows down the conduction of electrical signals within the heart, which can help to regulate the heart rate and rhythm.

In addition to its cardiovascular effects, verapamil is sometimes used off-label for the treatment of other conditions such as migraine headaches, Raynaud's phenomenon, and certain types of tremors. It is available in various forms, including immediate-release tablets, extended-release capsules, and intravenous (IV) injection.

It is important to note that verapamil can interact with other medications, so it is essential to inform your healthcare provider about all the drugs you are taking before starting this medication. Additionally, verapamil should be used with caution in people with certain medical conditions, such as heart failure, liver disease, and low blood pressure.

Vinyl Chloride is not a medical term, but rather a chemical compound. It's an organochloride with the formula C2H3Cl, and it's a colorless gas at room temperature that is used primarily in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics.

However, Vinyl Chloride is relevant to medical professionals because exposure to this compound has been linked to an increased risk of a rare form of liver cancer called hepatic angiosarcoma, as well as other health problems such as neurological damage and immune system suppression. Therefore, occupational exposure to Vinyl Chloride is regulated by organizations like the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the United States.

In a medical context, taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth reacts with taste buds, which are specialized sensory cells found primarily on the tongue. The tongue's surface contains papillae, which house the taste buds. These taste buds can identify five basic tastes: salty, sour, bitter, sweet, and umami (savory). Different areas of the tongue are more sensitive to certain tastes, but all taste buds can detect each of the five tastes, although not necessarily equally.

Taste is a crucial part of our sensory experience, helping us identify and differentiate between various types of food and drinks, and playing an essential role in appetite regulation and enjoyment of meals. Abnormalities in taste sensation can be associated with several medical conditions or side effects of certain medications.

"Random allocation," also known as "random assignment" or "randomization," is a process used in clinical trials and other research studies to distribute participants into different intervention groups (such as experimental group vs. control group) in a way that minimizes selection bias and ensures the groups are comparable at the start of the study.

In random allocation, each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, and the assignment is typically made using a computer-generated randomization schedule or other objective methods. This process helps to ensure that any differences between the groups are due to the intervention being tested rather than pre-existing differences in the participants' characteristics.

Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various biological processes in the human body. It is the fourth most abundant cation in the body and is involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions, including protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation. Magnesium also contributes to the structural development of bones and teeth.

In medical terms, magnesium deficiency can lead to several health issues, such as muscle cramps, weakness, heart arrhythmias, and seizures. On the other hand, excessive magnesium levels can cause symptoms like diarrhea, nausea, and muscle weakness. Magnesium supplements or magnesium-rich foods are often recommended to maintain optimal magnesium levels in the body.

Some common dietary sources of magnesium include leafy green vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes, whole grains, and dairy products. Magnesium is also available in various forms as a dietary supplement, including magnesium oxide, magnesium citrate, magnesium chloride, and magnesium glycinate.

In medical terms, "gels" are semi-solid colloidal systems in which a solid phase is dispersed in a liquid medium. They have a viscous consistency and can be described as a cross between a solid and a liquid. The solid particles, called the gel network, absorb and swell with the liquid component, creating a system that has properties of both solids and liquids.

Gels are widely used in medical applications such as wound dressings, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering due to their unique properties. They can provide a moist environment for wounds to heal, control the release of drugs over time, and mimic the mechanical properties of natural tissues.

In the context of medical and health sciences, particle size generally refers to the diameter or dimension of particles, which can be in the form of solid particles, droplets, or aerosols. These particles may include airborne pollutants, pharmaceutical drugs, or medical devices such as nanoparticles used in drug delivery systems.

Particle size is an important factor to consider in various medical applications because it can affect the behavior and interactions of particles with biological systems. For example, smaller particle sizes can lead to greater absorption and distribution throughout the body, while larger particle sizes may be filtered out by the body's natural defense mechanisms. Therefore, understanding particle size and its implications is crucial for optimizing the safety and efficacy of medical treatments and interventions.

Chemical precipitation is a process in which a chemical compound becomes a solid, insoluble form, known as a precipitate, from a liquid solution. This occurs when the concentration of the compound in the solution exceeds its solubility limit and forms a separate phase. The reaction that causes the formation of the precipitate can be a result of various factors such as changes in temperature, pH, or the addition of another chemical reagent.

In the medical field, chemical precipitation is used in diagnostic tests to detect and measure the presence of certain substances in body fluids, such as blood or urine. For example, a common test for kidney function involves adding a chemical reagent to a urine sample, which causes the excess protein in the urine to precipitate out of solution. The amount of precipitate formed can then be measured and used to diagnose and monitor kidney disease.

Chemical precipitation is also used in the treatment of certain medical conditions, such as heavy metal poisoning. In this case, a chelating agent is administered to bind with the toxic metal ions in the body, forming an insoluble compound that can be excreted through the urine or feces. This process helps to reduce the amount of toxic metals in the body and alleviate symptoms associated with poisoning.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Calcium phosphates are a group of minerals that are important components of bones and teeth. They are also found in some foods and are used in dietary supplements and medical applications. Chemically, calcium phosphates are salts of calcium and phosphoric acid, and they exist in various forms, including hydroxyapatite, which is the primary mineral component of bone tissue. Other forms of calcium phosphates include monocalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, and tricalcium phosphate, which are used as food additives and dietary supplements. Calcium phosphates are important for maintaining strong bones and teeth, and they also play a role in various physiological processes, such as nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.

Potassium is a essential mineral and an important electrolyte that is widely distributed in the human body. The majority of potassium in the body (approximately 98%) is found within cells, with the remaining 2% present in blood serum and other bodily fluids. Potassium plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including:

1. Regulation of fluid balance and maintenance of normal blood pressure through its effects on vascular tone and sodium excretion.
2. Facilitation of nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction by participating in the generation and propagation of action potentials.
3. Protein synthesis, enzyme activation, and glycogen metabolism.
4. Regulation of acid-base balance through its role in buffering systems.

The normal serum potassium concentration ranges from 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L (milliequivalents per liter) or mmol/L (millimoles per liter). Potassium levels outside this range can have significant clinical consequences, with both hypokalemia (low potassium levels) and hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) potentially leading to serious complications such as cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and respiratory failure.

Potassium is primarily obtained through the diet, with rich sources including fruits (e.g., bananas, oranges, and apricots), vegetables (e.g., leafy greens, potatoes, and tomatoes), legumes, nuts, dairy products, and meat. In cases of deficiency or increased needs, potassium supplements may be recommended under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Calcium isotopes refer to variants of the chemical element calcium (ca) that have different numbers of neutrons in their atomic nuclei, and therefore differ in their atomic masses while having the same number of protons. The most common and stable calcium isotope is Calcium-40, which contains 20 protons and 20 neutrons. However, calcium has several other isotopes, including Calcium-42, Calcium-43, Calcium-44, and Calcium-46 to -52, each with different numbers of neutrons. Some of these isotopes are radioactive and decay over time. The relative abundances of calcium isotopes can vary in different environments and can provide information about geological and biological processes.

A dose-response relationship in the context of drugs refers to the changes in the effects or symptoms that occur as the dose of a drug is increased or decreased. Generally, as the dose of a drug is increased, the severity or intensity of its effects also increases. Conversely, as the dose is decreased, the effects of the drug become less severe or may disappear altogether.

The dose-response relationship is an important concept in pharmacology and toxicology because it helps to establish the safe and effective dosage range for a drug. By understanding how changes in the dose of a drug affect its therapeutic and adverse effects, healthcare providers can optimize treatment plans for their patients while minimizing the risk of harm.

The dose-response relationship is typically depicted as a curve that shows the relationship between the dose of a drug and its effect. The shape of the curve may vary depending on the drug and the specific effect being measured. Some drugs may have a steep dose-response curve, meaning that small changes in the dose can result in large differences in the effect. Other drugs may have a more gradual dose-response curve, where larger changes in the dose are needed to produce significant effects.

In addition to helping establish safe and effective dosages, the dose-response relationship is also used to evaluate the potential therapeutic benefits and risks of new drugs during clinical trials. By systematically testing different doses of a drug in controlled studies, researchers can identify the optimal dosage range for the drug and assess its safety and efficacy.

I believe there might be a misunderstanding in your question. "Dogs" is not a medical term or condition. It is the common name for a domesticated carnivore of the family Canidae, specifically the genus Canis, which includes wolves, foxes, and other extant and extinct species of mammals. Dogs are often kept as pets and companions, and they have been bred in a wide variety of forms and sizes for different purposes, such as hunting, herding, guarding, assisting police and military forces, and providing companionship and emotional support.

If you meant to ask about a specific medical condition or term related to dogs, please provide more context so I can give you an accurate answer.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Polyvinyl Chloride" (PVC) is not a medical term. It is a type of synthetic plastic polymer material. PVC is commonly used in various industrial, commercial, and consumer products, such as pipes, cable insulation, clothing, and inflatable items.

If you have any medical concerns or questions, please provide them, and I would be happy to help you find a relevant answer.

I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Rabbits" is a common name used to refer to the Lagomorpha species, particularly members of the family Leporidae. They are small mammals known for their long ears, strong legs, and quick reproduction.

However, if you're referring to "rabbits" in a medical context, there is a term called "rabbit syndrome," which is a rare movement disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements of the fingers, resembling those of a rabbit chewing. It is also known as "finger-chewing chorea." This condition is usually associated with certain medications, particularly antipsychotics, and typically resolves when the medication is stopped or adjusted.

Solubility is a fundamental concept in pharmaceutical sciences and medicine, which refers to the maximum amount of a substance (solute) that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent (usually water) at a specific temperature and pressure. Solubility is typically expressed as mass of solute per volume or mass of solvent (e.g., grams per liter, milligrams per milliliter). The process of dissolving a solute in a solvent results in a homogeneous solution where the solute particles are dispersed uniformly throughout the solvent.

Understanding the solubility of drugs is crucial for their formulation, administration, and therapeutic effectiveness. Drugs with low solubility may not dissolve sufficiently to produce the desired pharmacological effect, while those with high solubility might lead to rapid absorption and short duration of action. Therefore, optimizing drug solubility through various techniques like particle size reduction, salt formation, or solubilization is an essential aspect of drug development and delivery.

... calcium chloride fluoride). Calcium(I) chloride Calcium chloride transformation Magnesium chloride Lide, David R., ed. (2009). ... Consumption of calcium chloride can lead to hypercalcemia. Calcium chloride dissolves in water, producing chloride and the aquo ... Calcium chloride can be used to precipitate fluoride ions from water as insoluble CaF2. Calcium chloride is also an ingredient ... Calcium chloride can act as an irritant by desiccating moist skin. Solid calcium chloride dissolves exothermically, and burns ...
... (CaCl) is a diatomic molecule observed in certain gases. A solid with the composition CaCl was reported in ... Calcium compounds, Chlorides, Alkaline earth metal halides). ...
Calcium chloride treatment is generally used for the transformation of E. coli and other bacteria. It enhances plasmid DNA ... The addition of calcium chloride to a cell suspension promotes the binding of plasmid DNA to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). ... Calcium chloride (CaCl2) transformation is a laboratory technique in prokaryotic (bacterial) cell biology. ... 129-138, doi:10.1385/0-89603-383-x:129, ISBN 0-89603-383-X, PMID 9116846, retrieved 2023-01-04 Animation of Calcium chloride ( ...
The Calcium-Dependent Chloride Channel (Ca-ClC) proteins (or calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs), are heterogeneous ... "1.A.17 The Calcium-Dependent Chloride Channel (Ca-ClC) Family". TCDB. Retrieved 16 April 2016. "Calcium activated chloride ... Evans SR, Thoreson WB, Beck CL (October 2004). "Molecular and functional analyses of two new calcium-activated chloride channel ... Hartzell C, Putzier I, Arreola J (March 2005). "Calcium-activated chloride channels". Annual Review of Physiology. 67: 719-58. ...
Calcium chloride-based formulations given as single intratesticular injections are being studied as a method to sterilize male ... The Alliance for Contraception in Cats and Dogs (ACC&D) considers the use of intratesticular calcium chloride experimental and ... Several organizations, including the Parsemus Foundation, SpayFIRST!, and Calcium Chloride Castration advocate for the use of ... "Calcium Chloride Castration". Alliance for Contraception in Cats & Dogs (ACC&D) (2015). "Statement and Recommendations ...
... (or Briny water) is a high-concentration solution of salt (typically sodium chloride or calcium chloride) in water. In ... Most commonly used brines are based on inexpensive calcium chloride and sodium chloride. It is used because the addition of ... "Calcium Chloride versus Glycol". accent-refrigeration.com. Retrieved 17 July 2017. Kolbe, Edward; Kramer, Donald (2007). ... Sodium chloride per se does not exist in water: it is fully ionized. Other cations found in various brines include K+, Mg2+, ...
Hartzell, Criss; Putzier, Ilva; Arreola, Jorge (2005-03-17). "Calcium -activated chloride channels". Annual Review of ... Namely, Na + {\displaystyle {\text{Na}}^{+}} ions in a pure sodium solution pass unimpeded through a calcium channel, but are ... Krauss, Daniel; Eisenberg, Bob; Gillespie, Dirk (2011-03-06). "Selectivity sequences in a model calcium channel: role of ... Sather, William A.; McCleskey, Edwin W. (2003). "Permeation and Selectivity in Calcium Channels". Annual Review of Physiology. ...
... making it isostructural to calcium chloride. The Cr centres are octahedral, being distorted by the Jahn-Teller Effect. The ... Sigma-Aldrich Co., Chromium(II) chloride. Retrieved on 2014-07-04. "MSDS of Chromium(II) chloride". fishersci.ca. Fisher ... Chromium(II) chloride has no commercial uses but is used on a laboratory-scale for the synthesis of other chromium complexes. ... Chromium(II) chloride describes inorganic compounds with the formula CrCl2(H2O)n. The anhydrous solid is white when pure, ...
Calcium chloride can be used. Improvements in automotive engineering have reduced the amount of PM10s produced by road traffic ... Pre-weighed filter and matched weight filters made from polyvinyl chloride or mixed cellulose ester are suitable for respirable ...
Products include aluminum compounds; calcium carbide and calcium chloride; hydrofluoric acid; potassium compounds; borax; ... Ion exchange using natural or synthetic resins removes calcium, magnesium and carbonate ions from water, typically replacing ... Various literature demosntrates the vaibility of extraction of valuable materials like sodium bicarbonates, sodium chlorides ... toluene and vinyl chloride. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), which is a gross measurement of a range of organic pollutants, may ...
Shimomura O, Inouye S (1996). "Titration of recombinant aequorin with calcium chloride". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 221 (1 ... The binding site for the first two calcium atoms show a 20 times greater affinity for calcium than the third site. However, ... "All three Ca2+-binding loops of photoproteins bind calcium ions: the crystal structures of calcium-loaded apo-aequorin and apo- ... Aequorin is a calcium-activated photoprotein isolated from the hydrozoan Aequorea victoria. Its bioluminescence was studied ...
Garrett, Donald E. (5 April 2004). Handbook of Lithium and Natural Calcium Chloride. Elsevier. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-08-047290-4. ... Lithium metal is produced through electrolysis applied to a mixture of fused 55% lithium chloride and 45% potassium chloride at ... Lithium metal is isolated electrolytically from a mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride. The nucleus of the ... Handbook of Lithium and Natural Calcium Chloride. Academic Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-08-047290-4. Archived from the original on ...
Chloride leaves the cells, while calcium enters. This depolarization causes an osmotic shift in ionic concentrations in the ... Red light hits leaves and depolarizes the plasma membrane of plant cells via photosensitive calcium and chloride ion channels. ...
Handbook of Lithium and Natural Calcium Chloride. Academic Press. p. 90. ISBN 0-12-276152-9. Retrieved 2010-10-19. "IGAM ...
Coghill, J. G. S. (1877). Therapeutic Notes on the Chloride of Calcium. The Indian Medical Gazette, 12 (12), 335-336. Coghill, ...
2012). "The Calcium-activated Chloride Channel Anoctamin 1 acts as a Heat Sensor in Nociceptive Neurons". Nature Neuroscience. ... Nature Neuroscience (2012) 2008: Yang YD et al., TMEM16A Confers Receptor Activated Calcium-dependent Chloride Conductance. ... 2008). "TMEM16A Confers Receptor Activated Calcium-dependent Chloride Conductance". Nature. 455 (7217): 1210-5. Bibcode: ... The Calcium-activated Chloride Channel Anoctamin 1 acts as a Heat Sensor in Nociceptive Neurons. ...
... cAMP-activated chloride channels, without affecting L-type calcium channels. Calcium-activated chloride channels are believed ... this tends to occur more often in cells that are already under calcium stress. The calcium-activated chloride current is also ... The calcium-activated chloride channel is present in cardiac myocytes of many species, such as rabbit and pig, but their ... The calcium-activated chloride channel is an important component in the early phase of repolarization (bringing the charge ...
March 2013). "Calcium-activated chloride channel ANO1 promotes breast cancer progression by activating EGFR and CAMK signaling ... Anoctamin-1 is a voltage-gated calcium-activated anion channel, which acts as a chloride channel and a bicarbonate channel. ... ANO1 is a transmembrane protein that functions as a calcium-activated chloride channel. Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ activate the ... Ni YL, Kuan AS, Chen TY (2014). "Activation and inhibition of TMEM16A calcium-activated chloride channels". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): ...
"Global Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) Market 2018 Future Analysis". Tactical Business. August 16, 2018. Retrieved January 20, 2019.[ ... sodium hypochlorite and calcium chloride to the worldwide market. Revenue from their sales of epoxy form the core of the ...
Chemical treatment materials include: Sodium chloride (common table salt, NaCl) Calcium chloride (CaCl2) Potassium chloride ( ... More recent snowmelters use other salts, such as calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, which not only decrease the freezing ... It is effective down to −5 °C, at the most −7 °C. For colder temperatures, calcium chloride (CaCl2) is added to NaCl in some ... Verglimit incorporates calcium chloride granules into asphalt pavement. The granules are continually exposed by traffic wear, ...
Hou's process eliminates the production of calcium chloride. The byproduct ammonium chloride can be refined, used as a ... The principal byproduct of the Solvay process is calcium chloride (CaCl2) in aqueous solution. The process has other waste and ... principally by calcium and chloride. The waste beds in Solvay, New York substantially increased the salinity in nearby Onondaga ... and its only major byproduct is calcium chloride, which is sometimes sold as road salt. After the invention of the Haber and ...
If calcium is used, calcium chloride is generally the recommended form. Calcium gluconate side effects include nausea, ... Calcium gluconate is made by mixing gluconic acid with calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide. Calcium gluconate came into ... This form of calcium is not as well absorbed as calcium lactate, and it only contains 0.93% (930 mg/dL) calcium ion (defined by ... Calcium lactate gluconate Calcium citrate Dicalcium phosphate "Calcium Salts". The American Society of Health-System ...
Example: sodium chloride, potassium oxide, or calcium carbonate. When the metal has more than one possible ionic charge or ... For example, NaCl is sodium chloride, and CaF2 is calcium fluoride. Cations of transition metals able to take multiple charges ... "ferric chloride" (instead calling it "iron(III) chloride"), but names like "potassium permanganate" (instead of "potassium ... Monatomic anions: Cl− chloride S2− sulfide P3− phosphide Polyatomic ions: NH+ 4 ammonium H 3O+ hydronium NO− 3 nitrate NO− 2 ...
Calcium chloride damages concrete twice as fast as magnesium chloride. The amount of magnesium chloride is supposed to be ... Magnesium chloride is also a Lewis acid catalyst in aldol reactions. Magnesium chloride is used for low-temperature de-icing of ... Hydrated magnesium chloride is the form most readily available. Magnesium chloride can be extracted from brine or sea water. In ... Dead Sea minerals contain a significantly higher magnesium chloride ratio, 50.8%. Carbonates and calcium[clarification needed] ...
The A-1 method uses Calcium Chloride solution to simulate sweat while A-2 method uses just water. A desiccant, calcium chloride ...
... sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, and others. This method has been used as gold standard for determining whether or not a ...
Calcium chloride is also used to reclaim alkali soils. CaCl2 converts Na2CO3 into NaCl precipitating CaCO3. NaCl is drained off ... Alternatively, gypsum (calcium sulfate, CaSO 4 · 2 H 2O) can also be applied as a source of Ca2+ ions to replace the sodium at ... Calcium nitrate has a similar effect, with NaNO3 in the leachate. Spent acid (HCl, H2SO4, etc.) can also be used to reduce the ... Hence, the calcium ions Ca2+ are immobilized. The presence of abundant Na+ ions in the soil solution and the precipitation of ...
Some common dust-suppression techniques are the application of a chloride solution (calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, ... Calcium chloride is then applied to the road surface, and the road is then sprayed with water until the compound is dissolved. ... Calcium chloride can be applied in either dry (pellet or flake) or wet (dissolved pre-prepared solution) form. Successful ... Calcium chloride provides dust suppression through its hygroscopic properties, allowing moisture to be drawn in and retained by ...
The ion materials include sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium. The interactions between ion channels and ion pumps produce ... High cytosolic calcium in the axon terminal triggers mitochondrial calcium uptake, which, in turn, activates mitochondrial ... When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it opens voltage-gated calcium channels, allowing calcium ions to enter the ... Calcium causes synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitter molecules to fuse with the membrane, releasing their contents ...
Calcium chloride is a common flocculant used for glazes. Fluidity The degree of flow of liquids, such as slips or glaze ...
... calcium chloride fluoride). Calcium(I) chloride Calcium chloride transformation Magnesium chloride Lide, David R., ed. (2009). ... Consumption of calcium chloride can lead to hypercalcemia. Calcium chloride dissolves in water, producing chloride and the aquo ... Calcium chloride can be used to precipitate fluoride ions from water as insoluble CaF2. Calcium chloride is also an ingredient ... Calcium chloride can act as an irritant by desiccating moist skin. Solid calcium chloride dissolves exothermically, and burns ...
... abnormally low levels of calcium in the body that cause muscle spasm). Calcium chloride injection is also used in cardiac ... Calcium Chloride is a mineral indicated in the immediate treatment of hypocalcemic tetany ( ... resuscitation, arrhythmias, hypermagnesemia, calcium channel blocker overdose, and beta-blocker overdose. ... Calcium Chloride. https://reference.medscape.com/drug/cacl-or-cacl-2-calcium-chloride-344432 RXlist. Calcium Chloride.. https ...
Calcium Chloride, anhydrous, 2500 g laboratory grade CaCl2, F.W. 110.99 CAS No. 10043-52-4 Shipping: UPS Ground Liberty ... Calcium Chloride, anhydrous, 2500 g. laboratory grade CaCl2, F.W. 110.99. CAS No. 10043-52-4 Shipping: UPS Ground Liberty ...
Hazard - P - B - T - Risk Exempt. According to the European Medicines Agency guideline on environmental risk assessments for pharmaceuticals (EMA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00),vitamins, electrolytes, amino acids, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids proteins, vaccines and herbal medicinal products are exempted because they are unlikely to result in significant risk to the environment. ...
Effect Of Addition Of Calcium Chloride On Separation Of Acetic Acid-Water Mixture By Extractive Distillation. - Download as a ... Effect of addition of calcium chloride in water or boiling point elevation after addition of calcium chloride in water.[3,4] ... calcium chloride. For example, the heat generated in preparing a 40% calcium chloride solution with DOWFLAKE would result in a ... aqueous solutions of pure and DOW commercial calcium chloride. Solutions of pure calcium chloride above 69% cannot be prepared ...
... off Magnesium Chloride Calcium Dr at the pharmacy. Coupons, discounts, and promos updated 2021. ... Get Magnesium Chloride Calcium Dr Coupon Card by print, email or text and save up to 24% ... Magnesium Chloride Calcium Dr Coupon & Discounts. Save on Magnesium Chloride Calcium Dr at your pharmacy with the free discount ... Claim your free Magnesium Chloride Calcium Dr discount. *. Click the Get free coupon button to receive your free Magnesium ...
Calcium Chloride Kit, a cost-saving bulk reef supplement kit for convenient aquarium alkalinity, pH, and calcium maintenance. ... LiveAquaria® Professional Calcium Chloride is pure anhydrous calcium chloride that helps provide the building blocks for ... LiveAquaria® Professional Calcium Chloride. Do not add LiveAquaria® Professional Calcium Chloride directly to your aquarium ... LiveAquaria® 2-Part Soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate) & Calcium Chloride Kit - 5-lb each part - $ 31.98 ...
Calcium chloride is an inorganic salt used in cosmetics to improve a formulas texture. Learn more at Paulas Choice. ...
... adding some calcium chloride helps restoring the natural calcium balance.. And last but certainly not least, calcium chloride ... In sports drinks, calcium chloride is an electrolyte that replaces the calcium ions that you lose when you perspire. In some ... adding some calcium chloride reduces corrosion, especially of concrete structures. In marine aquariums it constitutes a calcium ... Calcium chloride (chemical formula CaCl2) crystals attract and absorb water easily: they are hygroscopic. Thats why they are ...
Calcium Chloride can also be used at certain times of the year, when firm curd is hard to obtain due to changes in animal diet ... Calcium Chloride is used when making cheese from homogenized, pasteurized or frozen milk to help restabilize milk structure and ... Calcium Chloride can also be used at certain times of the year, when firm curd is hard to obtain due to changes in animal diet ... Calcium Chloride is used when making cheese from homogenized, pasteurized or frozen milk to help restabilize milk structure and ...
... of the gating cycle of bestrophin reveal the molecular underpinnings of activation and inactivation gating in this calcium- ... activated chloride channel and reveal a surprisingly wide pore. ... Calcium-activated chloride channels Annual Review of Physiology ... 2018) An allosteric mechanism of inactivation in the calcium-dependent chloride channel BEST1 The Journal of General Physiology ... Bestrophin (BEST1-4) ligand-gated chloride (Cl-) channels are activated by calcium (Ca2+). Mutation of BEST1 causes retinal ...
MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE (UNII: 02F3473H9O) (MAGNESIUM CATION - UNII:T6V3LHY838) MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE. 4 [hp_X] in 100 mL. ... OYSTER SHELL CALCIUM CARBONATE, CRUDE (UNII: 2E32821G6I) (OYSTER SHELL CALCIUM CARBONATE, CRUDE - UNII:2E32821G6I) OYSTER SHELL ... Label: DALEKTRO N- silver nitrate, oyster shell calcium carbonate, crude, cobaltous nitrate hexahydrate, cupric acetate, iron, ... DALEKTRO N- silver nitrate, oyster shell calcium carbonate, crude, cobaltous nitrate hexahydrate, cupric acetate, iron, ...
This page contains information on the chemical Propanimidoyl chloride, N-(((dimethylamino)carbonyl)oxy)-2-methyl-,compd. with ... with calcium chloride (1:1) Identifications. *CAS Number: 171199-24-9*Synonyms/Related:*Propanimidoyl chloride, N-((( ... Chemical Database - Propanimidoyl chloride, N-(((dimethylamino)carbonyl)oxy)-2-methyl-,compd. with calcium chloride (1:1). ... with calcium chloride (1:1) Properties. *Boiling Point: K °C °F*Flammability:*Explosive Limits:*Lower Explosive Limit: 0%*Upper ...
China O-Acetyl-L-Carnitine Chloride, China d-Biotin, China Calcium d-Pantothenate ... O-Acetyl-L-Carnitine Chloride Inquire. d-Biotin Inquire. CAS NO:58-85-5;22879-79-4; MF:C10H16N2O3S. Calcium d-Pantothenate ... L-Carnitine Chloride Inquire. CAS NO:6645-46-1; MF:C7H16ClNO3. L-Carnitine Nitrile Chloride Inquire. CAS NO:2788-28-5; MF:C7H15 ... p-Acetylaminobenzene Sulfonyl Chloride Inquire. Copper 8-Quinolinolate Inquire. CAS NO:10380-28-6; MF:C18H12CuN2O2. 1,8- ...
... calcium chloride tablets (1/17/2014) within the Other discussion of the residential metal roofing forum ... "Will calcium chloride tablets used for ice dams damage the ..." - ... Will calcium chloride tablets used for ice dams damage the metal shingles or finish? Guest User. 1/17/2014 ... Calcium Chloride is a salt with mild corrosion potential when in contact with carbon steel. Occasional use should not be a big ...
Calcium Chloride 25Kg. Reviews: 0 Product ID: 60034. Beer Essentials Adjuncts Calcium Chloride 25Kg. Use to lower PH levels and ...
Used as directed, Brewers Calcium Chloride is effective in eliminating the variations in composit ... Brewers Calcium Chloride is hydrated calcium chloride used to correct mineral deficiencies in water which is to be used for ... Brewers Calcium Chloride is hydrated calcium chloride used to correct mineral deficiencies in water which is to be used for ... Prepare a 1% solution of Brewers Calcium Chloride in cold water in a separate tank with vigorous mixing. Calcium salts are more ...
Calcium chloride 20 mg/ml Heparin sodium 100 UI/ml 4732. Calcium chloride 40 mg/ml Imipenem-Cilastatin / Relebactam 5 mg/ml ... Calcium chloride 2 mg/ml Dobutamine hydrochloride 1 mg/ml 1058. Calcium chloride 100 mg/ml Dobutamine hydrochloride 2 mg/ml ... Calcium chloride 100 mg/ml Doxapram hydrochloride 2 mg/ml 1802. Calcium chloride 4 mg/ml Epinephrine hydrochloride 32 µg/ml ... Calcium chloride 100 mg/ml Cloxacillin sodium 100 mg/ml 3012. Calcium chloride Daunorubicin/cytarabine liposomale 0,4 mg/mL ...
Calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water. It affects flavor and chemical ... Calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water. It affects flavor and chemical ...
Latvia exports of Chlorides; of calcium was $114.47K and quantity 351,446Kg.. Latvia exported Chlorides; of calcium to ... Chlorides; of calcium. 2021. Estonia. 41.71. 157,596. Kg. Latvia. Export. 282720. Chlorides; of calcium. 2021. Spain. 1.82. ... Chlorides; of calcium. 2021. World. 114.47. 351,446. Kg. Latvia. Export. 282720. Chlorides; of calcium. 2021. Lithuania. 69.22 ... Chlorides; of calcium. 2021. Russian Federation. 1.64. 83. Kg. Latvia. Export. 282720. Chlorides; of calcium. 2021. Finland. ...
This definition explains the meaning of Calcium Chloride and why it matters. ... Corrosionpedia Explains Calcium Chloride. Calcium chloride is a salt; more specifically, it is the chloride salt of calcium. ... What Does Calcium Chloride Mean?. Calcium chloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the molecular formula CaCl2. At ... An aqueous solution containing calcium chloride has a lower freezing temperature than sodium chloride. However, calcium ...
James T. Griffiths, Oscar E. Tauber; EFFECTS OF pH AND OF VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE ON ... EFFECTS OF pH AND OF VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE ON MUSCULAR ACTIVITY OF THE ISOLATED ... In solutions which contained potassium, but no calcium, all crops showed an initial loss of tone and arrest in relaxation. See ... In solutions which contained calcium, but no potassium, approximately 50 per cent of the crops exhibited an initial tone ...
Xu, C., Li, X. & Zhang, L. 2013 The effect of calcium chloride on growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant responses of Zoysia ... Xu, C., Li, X. & Zhang, L. 2013 The effect of calcium chloride on growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant responses of Zoysia ... Ranty, B., Aldon, D., Cotelle, V., Galaud, J., Thuleau, P. & Mazars, C. 2016 Calcium sensors as key hubs in plant responses to ... Ranty, B., Aldon, D., Cotelle, V., Galaud, J., Thuleau, P. & Mazars, C. 2016 Calcium sensors as key hubs in plant responses to ...
Find information on Calcium Chloride in Daviss Drug Guide including dosage, side effects, interactions, nursing implications, ... "Calcium Chloride." Daviss Drug Guide, 18th ed., F.A. Davis Company, 2023. Nursing Central, nursing.unboundmedicine.com/ ... nursingcentral/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/109230/all/calcium_chloride. Vallerand AHA, Sanoski CAC, Quiring CC. Calcium chloride. ... Calcium Chloride [Internet]. In: Daviss Drug Guide. F.A. Davis Company; 2023. [cited 2023 October 03]. Available from: https ...
... One can significantly reduce cost and speed up production of cement products by using ... Solid calcium chloride is granules of white color. The formula is СаСl2. Liquid calcium chloride is solution of yellowish-gray ... Calcium chloride. An important application of calcium chloride is in road and ... ... Solid calcium chloride is packed in one-time soft special containers with a mass not more than 1,000 kg. It is transported by ...
... Solution for Cheese Making, Yoghurt Making, Tofu Making & Fermenting Vegetables ... Calcium Chloride acts as a coagulant for soy milk. Add two to three teaspoons of Calcium Chloride to a litre of heated soy milk ... I use Calcium Chloride to make thick yogurt the easy way - with long-life milk. No long simmering at precise temperature. 10 ... I have made the yoghurt without the calcium chloride, but I prefer the thicker texture when I use it.. ...
Calcium Chloride 74% Flakes, 77% Flakes, 94% powder, 94% prills Shale inhition and increasing de... ... Anhydrous Calcium Chloride 94%97% cacl2 Formula: CaCI2 Molecular weight: 110.99 ... food grade anhydrous calcium chloride China manufacture calcium chloride price calcium chloride price calcium chloride ... Calcium chloride is an inorganic salt, which exists as a solid or a liquid. Solid. calcium chloride is a white, crystal ...

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