Calcium carbonate. Medical search

Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.

Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The hard rigid covering of animals including MOLLUSCS; TURTLES; INSECTS; and crustaceans.

Calcium compounds used as food supplements or in food to supply the body with calcium. Dietary calcium is needed during growth for bone development and for maintenance of skeletal integrity later in life to prevent osteoporosis.

A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.

Substances that counteract or neutralize acidity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.

A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.

A genus of pearl oysters in the family Pteriidae, class BIVALVIA. Both cultured and natural pearls are obtained from species in the genus. They are distinct from the distantly related, edible true oysters of the family OSTREIDAE.

Inorganic compounds that contain calcium as an integral part of the molecule.

Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.

A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.

A hard or leathery calciferous exterior covering of an egg.

A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.

The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.

The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.

A group of phosphate minerals that includes ten mineral species and has the general formula X5(YO4)3Z, where X is usually calcium or lead, Y is phosphorus or arsenic, and Z is chlorine, fluorine, or OH-. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magnesium poisoning.

Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.

A class in the phylum CNIDARIA, comprised mostly of corals and anemones. All members occur only as polyps; the medusa stage is completely absent.

An abnormal concretion occurring mostly in the urinary and biliary tracts, usually composed of mineral salts. Also called stones.

The proteinaceous component of the pancreatic stone in patients with PANCREATITIS.

A condition of abnormally high level of PHOSPHATES in the blood, usually significantly above the normal range of 0.84-1.58 mmol per liter of serum.

The application of LUBRICANTS to diminish FRICTION between two surfaces.

Production of a radiographic image of a small or very thin object on fine-grained photographic film under conditions which permit subsequent microscopic examination or enlargement of the radiograph at linear magnifications of up to several hundred and with a resolution approaching the resolving power of the photographic emulsion (about 1000 lines per millimeter).

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

Native, inorganic or fossilized organic substances having a definite chemical composition and formed by inorganic reactions. They may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other mineral or rock. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A gelatinous membrane overlying the acoustic maculae of SACCULE AND UTRICLE. It contains minute crystalline particles (otoliths) of CALCIUM CARBONATE and protein on its outer surface. In response to head movement, the otoliths shift causing distortion of the vestibular hair cells which transduce nerve signals to the BRAIN for interpretation of equilibrium.

A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.

An inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral brucite. It acts as an antacid with cathartic effects.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A VITAMIN D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2.

The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.

A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.

Synthetic thermoplastics that are tough, flexible, inert, and resistant to chemicals and electrical current. They are often used as biocompatible materials for prostheses and implants.

Lanthanum. The prototypical element in the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol La, atomic number 57, and atomic weight 138.91. Lanthanide ion is used in experimental biology as a calcium antagonist; lanthanum oxide improves the optical properties of glass.

The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.

Supplies used in building.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A biomineral consisting of layers of crystalized ARAGONITE, separated by interlamellar layers of organic matrix containing beta-CHITIN, and surrounded by an intercrystalline organic membrane of silk fibroin. Nacre is the iridescent substance better known as mother-of-pearl that is secreted by MOLLUSCS.

A species of SEA URCHINS in the family Strongylocentrotidae found on the Pacific coastline from Alaska to Mexico. This species serves as a major research model for molecular developmental biology and other fields.

Stable calcium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element calcium, but differ in atomic weight. Ca-42-44, 46, and 48 are stable calcium isotopes.

Chemicals that bind to and remove ions from solutions. Many chelating agents function through the formation of COORDINATION COMPLEXES with METALS.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

A large family of mollusks in the class BIVALVIA, known commonly as scallops. They possess flat, almost circular shells and are found in all seas from shallow water to great depths.

Effect of histamine H2-receptor antagonist on the phosphorus-binding abilities of calcium carbonate and calcium lactate in hemodialysis patients. (1/587)

The effect of histamine H2-receptor antagonist (famotidine) on the phosphorus-binding abilities of calcium carbonate and calcium lactate were examined in 13 chronic hemodialysis patients. In seven patients receiving calcium carbonate, famotidine (20 mg/d) was given because of gastroduodenal disorders, and calcium carbonate was replaced with calcium lactate as a phosphorus binder after 4 wk of treatment with famotidine. With the 4-wk administration of famotidine accompanied by calcium carbonate, the serum phosphorus level increased from 6.3+/-0.9 to 7.1+/-0.5 mg/dl (P<0.05). However, with the substitution of calcium lactate, the serum phosphorus level decreased significantly when compared to that before substitution (6.3+/-0.2 and 6.0+/-0.9 mg/dl after 4 and 8 wk of substitution, respectively), despite continued administration of famotidine. Serum calcium, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, high sensitive parathyroid hormone, blood urea nitrogen, arterial blood pH, and bicarbonate were not significantly altered during the trial period. In six control patients treated with calcium carbonate alone, there were no statistical changes in serum calcium and phosphorus levels after substitution of calcium lactate for calcium carbonate. These results suggest that famotidine significantly affects the phosphorus-binding ability of calcium carbonate, but not that of calcium lactate. A careful observation of changes in the serum phosphorus level should be required in hemodialysis patients receiving calcium carbonate and histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Calcium lactate may be useful as a phosphorus binder in such hemodialysis patients. (+info)

New treatment of dry eye: the effect of calcium ointment through eyelid skin delivery. (2/587)

AIM: To demonstrate the efficacy of a petrolatum based calcium ointment applied to the lower lid skin in the management of dry eye. METHODS: In a controlled double masked study, the effects of water free petrolatum ointment containing calcium carbonate (10% w/w) on tear functional factors and ocular surface vital staining in dry eye patients were observed. Petrolatum without calcium carbonate served as control. Patients were instructed to place ointment to the lower lid skin twice a day. Evaluation of subjective complaints, fluorescein and rose bengal staining patterns, blink rate, tear evaporation and tear break up time (BUT) were performed before and 3 months after treatment. In order to demonstrate the movement of petrolatum from the skin to the tear film, petrolatum containing 1% sodium fluorescein was placed on the lower lid of four healthy volunteers, and the concentration of fluorescein in the tear film was followed up to 6 hours using an anterior fluorometer. RESULTS: Subjective symptoms significantly improved in both the calcium group (p=0.001) and control (p=0.012), while only the calcium group demonstrated a significant improvement in fluorescein (p=0.043), rose bengal (p=0.021) scores, and blink rate (p=0.004). Tear evaporation also significantly decreased in both the calcium group (p=0.0004) and control (0.043). BUT did not improve in either group. CONCLUSION: Petrolatum based calcium ointment significantly improved symptoms, tear dynamics, and ocular surface staining in dry eye patients. However, some of the therapeutic effects may be due to lipids in the petrolatum vehicle. Petrolatum applied to the lower lid skin is an effective drug delivery system for slowly releasing drugs to the ocular surface. (+info)

Calcium use increases risk of calciphylaxis: a case-control study. (3/587)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors for the development of calciphylaxis in renal failure, a poorly understood and often fatal condition characterized by calcium deposition in tissues. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. SETTING: University hospital peritoneal dialysis center. PATIENTS: Eight continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with calciphylaxis were identified in a 3-year period. We matched up to five controls for dialysis modality and length of time on dialysis with each case. STATISTICS: Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis for matched case-controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Laboratory data and demographics were collected as well as cumulative calcium and vitamin D ingestion over the year prior to disease onset. RESULTS: All the patients were female, versus only 38% (14/37) of controls (p < 0.0001). While not statistically significant, a majority of the patients were diabetic [62.5% (5/8) vs 32% (12/37)]. Peak and average levels of serum calcium, phosphate, calcium x phosphate product, parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin, iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin were not significantly different in cases compared with controls. The use of calcitriol alone or with calcium carbonate was not found to be a significant risk factor for the development of calciphylaxis. In a multivariate analysis, iron intake seemed to be protective, contrary to previous reports, while the use of calcium carbonate was associated with a strong trend to increased risk of calciphylaxis development (odds ratio = 1.029/g and 1.011/g calcium ingested per month, at 1 and 2 - 3 months prior to calciphylaxis development; p = 0.0556 and 0.0565, respectively). CONCLUSION: These data, although limited by the small numbers of index cases, suggest that calcium ingestion is a risk factor for calciphylaxis. The increased use of calcium salts as a phosphate binder in recent years might explain the apparent increased incidence of calciphylaxis in our and other centers. The preponderance of female diabetics among cases reported elsewhere was confirmed in our study. (+info)

A method of microinjection: delivering monoclonal antibody 1223 into sea urchin embryos. (4/587)

In this paper, a simpler method of microinjecting sea urchin embryos without using the conventional microinjection chamber designed by Kiehart is reported. A trough was made on a surface of 0.6% agarose gel dissolved in artificial sea water. Approximately fifty hatched embryos could be loaded in the trough and, consequently, swimming embryos were trapped in the trough. Monoclonal antibody (mAB) 1223 which blocks spiculogenesis in vitro was delivered into the blastocoels of sea urchin embryos to test whether this antibody inhibits spiculogenesis in vivo and also, whether this new technique is effective for the microinjection of the sea urchin embryos. The embryos were injected with mAB1223 at the hatched blastula, early mesenchyme blastula and early gastrula stages, and 63%, 90% and 97% of the embryos did not form spicules at the late gastrula stage, respectively. Therefore, mAB1223 was shown to also block spiculogenesis in vivo. From the fact that spiculogenesis occurred at a lower rate when mAB1223 was injected at the hatched blastula stage than at later stages, it may be speculated that endogenous proteases degraded the injected antibodies. Using this technique, extracellular events in the blastocoel or the function of certain molecules expressed in blastocoel can be easily investigated in vivo. (+info)

Molecular cloning and ultrastructural localization of the core protein of an eggshell matrix proteoglycan, ovocleidin-116. (5/587)

The role of avian eggshell matrix proteins in shell formation is poorly understood. This calcitic biomaterial forms in a uterine fluid where the protein composition varies during the initial, calcification, and terminal phases of eggshell deposition. A specific antibody was raised to a 116-kDa protein, which is most abundant in uterine fluid during active eggshell calcification. This antiserum was used to expression screen a bacteriophage cDNA library prepared using mRNA extracted from pooled uterine tissue harvested at the midpoint of eggshell calcification. Plasmids containing inserts of differing 5'-lengths were isolated with a maximum cDNA sequence of 2.4 kilobases. Northern blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the 2. 35-kilobase message was expressed in a uterine-specific manner. The hypothetical translational product from the open reading frame corresponded to a novel 80-kDa protein, which we have named ovocleidin-116. After removal of the predicted signal peptide, its N-terminal sequence corresponded almost exactly with that determined from direct microsequencing of the 116-kDa uterine protein (this work) and with that previously determined for the core protein of a 120-kDa eggshell dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (Corrino, D. A., Rodriguez, J. P., and Caplan, A. I. (1997) Connect. Tissue Res. 36, 175-193). Ultrastructural colloidal gold immunocytochemistry of ovocleidin-116 demonstrated its presence in the organic matrix, in small vesicles found throughout the mineralized palisade layer, and the calcium reserve assembly of the mammillary layer. Ovocleidin-116 thus is a candidate molecule for the regulation of calcite growth during eggshell calcification. (+info)

A new matrix protein family related to the nacreous layer formation of Pinctada fucata. (6/587)

We have isolated a new matrix protein family (N16) which is specific to the nacreous layer of the Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, and have cloned and characterized the cDNAs coding for the components. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that N16 showed no definitive homology with other proteins. The in vitro studies of the crystallization clarified that N16 induced aragonite crystals when fixed on the substrate but inhibited crystal formation without it. The aragonite crystals showed platy morphology different from those formed inorganically, and long intervals of incubation resulted in crystalline layers highly similar to the nacreous layer. (+info)

Comparison of treatments for mild secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients. Durham Renal Osteodystrophy Study Group. (7/587)

Comparison of treatments for mild secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients. BACKGROUND: In the management of patients with mild secondary hyperparathyroidism, it is not known whether calcium supplementation alone is sufficient to correct abnormalities in bone and mineral metabolism or if calcitriol is needed in either physiologic oral or intravenous pharmacologic doses. METHODS: This was a 40-week prospective nonmasked trial of 52 patients [parathyroid hormone (PTH) 150 to 600 pg/mL] who were randomized to receive escalating doses of either calcium carbonate (CaCO3) alone (calcium group, N = 11), daily oral calcitriol (oral group, N = 20), or intermittent intravenous calcitriol (IV group, N = 21). The groups were compared with regard to changes in serum intact PTH, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), incidence of hypercalcemia (>10.5 mg/dL), and hyperphosphatemia (>6.5 mg/dL). RESULTS: PTH levels decreased in all groups (P < 0.01, paired t-test). In the calcium group, PTH (mean +/- SEM) decreased from 325 +/- 46.2 to 160 +/- 44.5 pg/mL. In the oral group, it decreased from 265 +/- 26.4 to 125 +/- 23.7 pg/mL, and in the IV group, it decreased from 240 +/- 27.7 to 65 +/- 10.0 pg/mL. Upon analysis of covariance, controlling for the initial PTH level, we found no differences in the PTH response between the groups (P > 0.10). In contrast, the BAP concentration increased from 20.7 +/- 7.6 to 27.5 +/- 7.0 microg/L in the calcium group (P = 0.17), decreased from 20. 6 +/- 3.9 to 17.8 +/- 4.5 microg/L in the oral group (P = 0.26), and from 19.1 +/- 2.6 to 10.6 +/- 1.1 microg/L in the IV group (P = 0. 007). Serum calcium increased significantly in all groups from 8.4 +/- 0.25 to 9.0 +/- 0.28, 8.5 +/- 0.16 to 9.2 +/- 0.27, and 8.7 +/- 0.16 to 9.4 +/- 0.18 mg/dL in the calcium, oral, and IV groups, respectively (P = NS difference between groups). Serum phosphorus was significantly lower in the calcium group throughout the study (P = 0.02). Hypercalcemic episodes were 2.0 +/- 0.8, 3.0 +/- 0.6, and 3. 4 +/- 0.6 per patient-year (P > 0.10), and hyperphosphatemic episodes were 0.9 +/- 0.56, 4.2 +/- 0.79 and 4.9 +/- 0.84 in the calcium, oral, and IV groups, respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In mild secondary hyperparathyroidism, all three strategies are effective. High-dose CaCO3 alone may be sufficient to control PTH with a favorable side-effect profile, but calcitriol appears to have additional suppressive effects on bone that are greater following the intravenous route of administration and may increase the risk of adynamic bone disease. (+info)

Mechanism of calcite crystal growth inhibition by the N-terminal undecapeptide of lithostathine. (8/587)

Pancreatic juice is supersaturated with calcium carbonate. Calcite crystals therefore may occur, obstruct pancreatic ducts, and finally cause a lithiasis. Human lithostathine, a protein synthesized by the pancreas, inhibits the growth of calcite crystals by inducing a habit modification: the rhombohedral (10 14) usual habit is transformed into a needle-like habit through the (11 0) crystal form. A similar observation was made with the N-terminal undecapeptide (pE(1)R(11)) of lithostathine. We therefore aimed at discovering how peptides inhibit calcium salt crystal growth. We solved the complete x-ray structure of lithostathine, including the flexible N-terminal domain, at 1.3 A. Docking studies of pE(1)R(11) with the (10 14) and (11 0) faces through molecular dynamics simulation resulted in three successive steps. First, the undecapeptide progressively unfolded as it approached the calcite surface. Second, mobile lateral chains of amino acids made hydrogen bonds with the calcite surface. Last, electrostatic bonds between calcium ions and peptide bonds stabilized and anchored pE(1)R(11) on the crystal surface. pE(1)R(11)-calcite interaction was stronger with the (11 0) face than with the (10 14) face, confirming earlier experimental observations. Energy contributions showed that the peptide backbone governed the binding more than did the lateral chains. The ability of peptides to inhibit crystal growth is therefore essentially based on backbone flexibility. (+info)

There are several types of phosphorus metabolism disorders, including:

1. Hypophosphatemia: This is a condition characterized by low levels of phosphorus in the blood. It can be caused by a variety of factors, such as malnutrition, kidney disease, or hormonal imbalances. Symptoms of hypophosphatemia can include fatigue, weakness, and bone pain.
2. Hyperphosphatemia: This is a condition characterized by high levels of phosphorus in the blood. It can be caused by conditions such as kidney disease or excessive intake of phosphorus-containing foods. Symptoms of hyperphosphatemia can include nausea, vomiting, and an increased risk of kidney stones.
3. Fanconi syndrome: This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to absorb and utilize phosphorus. It is characterized by low levels of phosphorus in the blood, as well as other symptoms such as rickets, bone pain, and an increased risk of fractures.
4. X-linked hypophosphatemic tumor-induced osteomalacia (XLH): This is a rare genetic disorder that affects males and is characterized by low levels of phosphorus in the blood and an increased risk of bone fractures. It is caused by mutations in the TNS1 gene, which codes for a protein involved in phosphorus metabolism.
5. Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO): This is a rare disorder that is caused by tumors that produce excessive amounts of a hormone called fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). This hormone interferes with the body's ability to absorb phosphorus, leading to low levels of phosphorus in the blood and an increased risk of bone fractures.
6. Chronic kidney disease: In advanced stages of chronic kidney disease, the kidneys may not be able to effectively remove excess phosphorus from the blood, leading to hyperphosphatemia.
7. Heart disease: High levels of phosphorus in the blood can increase the risk of heart disease, including conditions such as atherosclerosis and heart failure.
8. Kidney damage: Prolonged exposure to high levels of phosphorus in the blood can damage the kidneys and increase the risk of kidney disease.

It is important to note that these are just a few examples of conditions that can cause hyperphosphatemia, and there may be other causes as well. If you suspect that you or someone you know has hyperphosphatemia, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Calculi are typically classified into three types based on their composition:

1. Calcium oxalate calculi: These are the most common type of calculus and are often found in the kidneys and urinary tract. They are more likely to occur in people with a history of kidney stones or other conditions that affect calcium metabolism.
2. Magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi: These calculi are less common and typically form in the kidneys or bladder. They are often associated with chronic kidney disease or other underlying medical conditions.
3. Uric acid calculi: These calculi are rare and often form in the joints, but can also occur in the urinary tract. They are more common in people with gout or other conditions that affect uric acid metabolism.

Calculi can cause a range of symptoms depending on their size and location, including:

* Pain in the abdomen, flank, or back
* Blood in the urine (hematuria)
* Frequent urination or difficulty urinating
* Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
* Fever or chills
* Nausea and vomiting

If calculi are small and do not cause any symptoms, they may not require treatment. However, if they grow large enough to block the flow of urine or cause pain, treatment may be necessary. Treatment options for calculi include:

1. Medications: Drugs such as alpha-blockers and potassium citrate can help to dissolve calculi and reduce symptoms.
2. Shock wave lithotripsy: This is a non-invasive procedure that uses high-energy shock waves to break up calculi into smaller pieces that can be passed more easily.
3. Endoscopic surgery: A small, flexible tube with a camera and specialized tools can be inserted through the ureter or bladder to remove calculi.
4. Open surgery: In some cases, open surgery may be necessary to remove large or complex calculi.

Prevention is key in avoiding calculi. Here are some tips for preventing calculi:

1. Drink plenty of water: Adequate hydration helps to dilute uric acid and other substances in the urine, reducing the risk of calculi formation.
2. Limit alcohol intake: Alcohol can increase levels of uric acid in the blood, which can contribute to calculi formation.
3. Maintain a healthy diet: Eating a balanced diet that is low in purines and high in fruits and vegetables can help to reduce the risk of calculi.
4. Manage underlying conditions: Conditions such as gout, hyperparathyroidism, and kidney disease can increase the risk of calculi. Managing these conditions with medication and lifestyle changes can help to reduce the risk of calculi.
5. Avoid certain medications: Certain medications, such as some antibiotics and diuretics, can increase the risk of calculi formation.
6. Monitor urine output: If you have a medical condition that affects your urinary tract, such as a blockage or an obstruction, it is important to monitor your urine output to ensure that your kidneys are functioning properly.
7. Avoid prolonged bed rest: Prolonged bed rest can increase the risk of calculi formation by slowing down urine flow and allowing minerals to accumulate in the urinary tract.
8. Stay active: Regular exercise can help to improve circulation and maintain a healthy weight, which can reduce the risk of calculi formation.
9. Avoid smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of calculi formation by reducing blood flow to the kidneys and increasing the amount of oxalate in the urine.
10. Consider medications: In some cases, medications such as allopurinol or potassium citrate may be prescribed to help prevent calculi formation. These medications can help to reduce the levels of uric acid or calcium oxalate in the urine.
It is important to note that not all kidney stones are the same, and the underlying cause may vary depending on the type of stone. For example, if you have a history of gout, you may be more likely to develop uric acid stones. In this case, medications such as allopurinol or probenecid may be prescribed to help reduce the levels of uric acid in your blood and prevent calculi formation.

Causes of Hyperphosphatemia:

There are several possible causes of hyperphosphatemia, including:

1. Kidney disease or failure: The kidneys regulate the levels of phosphate in the blood, and if they are not functioning properly, phosphate levels can become elevated.
2. Resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH): PTH is a hormone that helps regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the body. If there is resistance to PTH, phosphate levels can become elevated.
3. Vitamin D deficiency: Vitamin D is important for the absorption of phosphate from food in the gut. A deficiency in vitamin D can lead to an excessive amount of phosphate in the blood.
4. Certain medications: Some medications, such as certain antacids and nutritional supplements, can contain high levels of phosphate and cause hyperphosphatemia.
5. Poor dietary habits: Consuming a diet that is high in phosphate-rich foods, such as meat and processed foods, can lead to elevated phosphate levels in the blood.

Symptoms of Hyperphosphatemia:

The symptoms of hyperphosphatemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but may include:

1. Bone pain or weakness
2. Fatigue
3. Nausea and vomiting
4. Weakness in the muscles
5. Rickets (in children)
6. Osteoporosis (in adults)
7. Kidney damage or failure

Diagnosis of Hyperphosphatemia:

Hyperphosphatemia is typically diagnosed through blood tests that measure the level of phosphate in the blood. Other tests may also be performed to assess kidney function and rule out other potential causes of elevated phosphate levels. These tests may include:

1. Serum creatinine test: This test measures the level of creatinine, a waste product that is produced by the muscles and removed from the blood by the kidneys. Elevated levels of creatinine can indicate kidney damage or failure.
2. Urine test: A urine test may be performed to check for proteinuria (excess protein in the urine), which can be a sign of kidney damage.
3. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) test: This test measures the level of PTH, a hormone that regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. Elevated levels of PTH can indicate hyperparathyroidism, a condition in which the parathyroid glands produce too much PTH.
4. 24-hour urine phosphate test: This test measures the amount of phosphate excreted in the urine over a 24-hour period.

Treatment of Hyperphosphatemia:

The treatment of hyperphosphatemia depends on the underlying cause of the condition. Here are some possible treatment options:

1. Phosphate-binding agents: These medications, such as sevelamer and lanthanum carbonate, bind to phosphate in the gut and prevent it from being absorbed into the bloodstream.
2. Calcium supplements: Calcium can help to lower phosphate levels by binding to it and removing it from the bloodstream.
3. Dietary changes: A dietitian can work with you to develop a meal plan that limits phosphate-rich foods, such as meat, dairy products, and processed foods, while emphasizing fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
4. Dialysis: In cases where the condition is caused by kidney failure, dialysis may be necessary to remove excess phosphate from the blood.
5. Surgery: In cases where the condition is caused by a parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected gland(s).

It's important to note that hyperphosphatemia can lead to complications such as mineral bone disease, which can cause weakened bones, bone pain, and an increased risk of fractures. Therefore, it's important to work with your healthcare provider to manage the condition and prevent these complications.

The symptoms of hypercalcemia may include:

* Fatigue
* Nausea and vomiting
* Weakness
* Constipation
* Abdominal pain
* Kidney stones
* Bone pain or fractures

If left untreated, hypercalcemia can lead to complications such as kidney damage, heart problems, and an increased risk of osteoporosis. Treatment options may include medications to reduce calcium levels, surgery to remove a tumor or overactive parathyroid gland, or dialysis if the patient has kidney failure.

Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent long-term complications and improve the patient's quality of life.

... at least one study suggests that calcium carbonate might be as bioavailable as the calcium in cow's milk. Calcium carbonate is ... Calcium carbonate is a main source for growing biorock. Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), pre-dispersed in slurry form, is ... Things containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ... Calcium carbonate occurs as aragonite, calcite and dolomite as significant constituents of the calcium cycle. The carbonate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_carbonate

... (ACC) is the amorphous and least stable polymorph of calcium carbonate. ACC is extremely unstable ... Calcium carbonate is used as a calcium supplement worldwide, however, it is known that its bioavailability is very low, only ... Shu-Chen Huang, Kensuke Naka & Yoshiki Chujo (2007). "A carbonate controlled-addition method for amorphous calcium carbonate ... Due to the ability to tune the size and morphology of the amorphous calcium carbonate particles (as well as other calcium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_calcium_carbonate

The main body of the ball was made of amorphous cement, which gave an analysis of primarily calcium carbonate, plus calcium ... calcium carbonate; porphyry; and syenite - with sizes recorded were from approximately 0.75 to 3 inches (19 to 76 mm). Some of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_balls

... calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate, and calcium phosphate. The absorption of calcium from ... Coral calcium is a salt of calcium derived from fossilized coral reefs. Coral calcium is composed of calcium carbonate and ... Calcium lactate has similar absorption as calcium carbonate, but is more expensive. Calcium lactate and calcium gluconate are ... It is more expensive than calcium carbonate and more of it must be taken to get the same amount of calcium. Calcium phosphate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_supplement

RUTHERFORD J. GETTENS; ELISABETH WEST FITZHUGH; ROBERT L. FELLER (August 1974). "CALCIUM CARBONATE WHITES". Studies in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_West_FitzHugh

May 2002). "Polypropylene/calcium carbonate nanocomposites". Polymer. 43 (10): 2981-2992. doi:10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00120-9. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_Ming_Chan

The calcite limestone produced at Michigan Limestone is the white calcium carbonate chemical. It is low in iron, alumina, ... "Calcium Carbonate - Agriculture Markets". congcal.com/markets/agriculture/. Congcal. October 6, 2021. Archived from the ... Bone growth is key to an animal's development and bones are composed primarily of calcium. Young calf get their needed calcium ... sulphur, carbonate phosphorus, silica, magnesium and titanium. Steel mills added limestone to molten iron in the blast furnaces ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Limestone_and_Chemical_Company

Rohleder, Johannes (2001). "The beginnings: Calcium carbonate in glazing putty and rubber". Calcium Carbonate: 138-159. doi: ... other mineral sources of calcium carbonate, or the mineral gypsum (calcium sulfate). While gypsum-based blackboard chalk is the ... are primarily made of gypsum rather than calcium carbonate chalk. Glazing putty mainly contains chalk as a filler in linseed ... Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk

... adopts the same structure as calcium carbonate. Zinc is octahedral and each carbonate is bonded to six Zn ... Zinc carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula ZnCO3. It is a white solid that is insoluble in water. It exists in ... Upon warming, it converts to basic zinc carbonate (Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6). ... "Zinc carbonate". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_carbonate

Other preparations use calcium carbonate. Gas-forming agents in effervescent tablet and powder formulations can also double as ... Aspirin decomposes rapidly in solutions of ammonium acetate or the acetates, carbonates, citrates, or hydroxides of the alkali ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin

Its chemical makeup: calcium carbonate. Limestone can be processed for use in road surfaces and the manufacture of concrete, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche_Harbor,_Washington

Maalox (Calcium carbonate), an antacid. Nasacort (Triamcinolone), for allergic rhinitis. Novaldol (Paracetamol), for pain and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi

Dolomite - Calcium-magnesium carbonate soil. Flint - Siliceous stone that reflects and retains heat well. The Pouilly-Fumé wine ... Calcareous soil - Alkaline soil with high levels of calcium and Magnesium carbonate. Soil typically cool in temperature and ... Gypsum - Calcium sulfate based soil that is formed through the evaporation of seawater. It is a high absorbent soil that has ... These include calcium which helps to neutralize the Soil pH levels, iron which is essential for photosynthesis, magnesium which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vineyard_soil_types

Softened water (measured as residual sodium carbonate index) in which calcium and magnesium have been partly replaced by sodium ... Once carbon dioxide leaves the liquid a chemical reaction immediately drives formation of calcium carbonate crystals on the ... Gebauer, Denis; Völkel, Antje; Cölfen, Helmut (2008). "Stable Prenucleation Calcium Carbonate Clusters". Science. 322 (5909): ... which converts the chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium into their respective carbonates, which get precipitated. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

... (CCD) is the depth in the oceans below which the rate of supply of calcite (calcium carbonate) ... John Murray investigated and experimented on the dissolution of calcium carbonate and was first to identify the carbonate ... The lysocline is the depth interval between the saturation and carbonate compensation depth. Calcium carbonate is essentially ... Calcium carbonate is more soluble at lower temperatures and at higher pressures. It is also more soluble if the concentration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate_compensation_depth

They secrete tubes of calcium carbonate. Serpulids have most advanced biomineralization system among the annelids. Serpulids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomineralising_polychaete

Its mineralized skeleton contains calcium carbonate. This marine species occurs in the Indo-West Pacific. Bouchet, P. (2012). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clypeostoma_nortoni

Oolites usually consist of calcium carbonate; these belong to the limestone rock family. Pisoids are similar to ooids, but are ... Most modern ooids are aragonite, a polymorph of calcium carbonate; some are composed of high-magnesium calcite, and some are ... There are several factors that affect ooid growth: supersaturation of the water with respect to calcium carbonate, the ... usually composed of calcium carbonate, but sometimes made up of iron- or phosphate-based minerals. Ooids usually form on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ooid

Some species biomineralize in calcium carbonate. Circulatory system Circulatory system is open type. Heart of Hemichordates is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemichordate

Calcium acetate/magnesium carbonate Patel, L; Bernard, LM; Elder, GJ (14 December 2015). "Sevelamer versus calcium-based ... If calcium is already being used as a supplement, additional calcium used as a phosphate binder may cause hypercalcemia and ... One may avoid these adverse effects by using phosphate binders that do not contain calcium or aluminium as active ingredients, ... Phosphate binders may be simple molecular entities (such as magnesium, aluminium, calcium, or lanthanum salts) that react with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate_binder

"TUMS ULTRA- calcium carbonate tablet, chewable". nih.gov. National Library of Medicine at NIH. December 12, 2018. Retrieved ... Tums (stylized as TUMS) is an antacid made of sucrose (sugar) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) manufactured by Haleon in St. Louis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tums

The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change

These corals produce calcium carbonate skeletons. Millepora squarrosa prefer shallow water and hard substrate, and tend to be ... Ocean acidification is causing harm to corals in the Millepora genus due to a reduction in the calcium carbonate that can be ... In order to get the necessary nutrients for calcium carbonate skeleton production Millepora corals have a symbiotic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millepora_squarrosa

These are cemented by calcium carbonate. The Greenhorn Limestone region, Blue Hills or Kearney Hills, in the central region is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoky_Hills

It is essential that large particles (> 150 μm for calcium carbonate and > 45 μm for quartz) should be eliminated from the ... Strontium and barium act as calcium replacements, and only start to reduce clinker reactivity at levels of 1.5% and 0.2% ... It consists mainly of CO2 from carbonates, H2O from clay hydrates, and organic carbon. Using these materials, typical rawmixes ... Rawmixes are formulated to contain a correctly balanced chemistry for the production of calcium silicates (alite and belite) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawmill

Oxygen isotope in calcium carbonates has become the most widely applied as geothermometer for estimating ancient ocean ... Biogenic calcium carbonate has two polymorphs; calcite by foraminifera and coccolith and aragonite by corals and pteropods. ... Carbonate in marine sediments predominantly comes from calcifying organisms, with a minor contribution from diagenesis and ... Marine carbonate ooids are formed in warm, supersaturated, shallow, highly agitated marine water intertidal environments, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Paleoclimate_Indicators

... is a mineral that is a hydrous form of calcium carbonate, CaCO3·H2O. It was formerly also known by the name ... Monohydrocalcite forms via a Mg-rich amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) precursor. This Mg-rich ACC forms rapidly (seconds) and ... Monohydrocalcite is not a common rock-forming mineral, but is frequently associated with other calcium and magnesium carbonate ... doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90227-5.. Webmineral Mindat (Calcium minerals, Carbonate minerals). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monohydrocalcite

Calcium is stored in geologic reservoirs, most commonly in the form of calcium carbonate or as calcium silicate. Calcium- ... calcium silicate, and calcium carbonate, basalt-seawater reaction, and dolomitization. Biogenic calcium carbonate is formed ... The isotope Calcium-44 can help to indicate variations in calcium carbonate over long timespans and help explain variants in ... Calcium precipitates into calcium carbonate according to the following equation: Ca2+ + 2HCO3− → CO2+ H2O + CaCO3 The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_cycle

The top filler materials used are ground calcium carbonate (GCC), precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), kaolin, talc, and ... With smaller percent, calcium carbonate powder can be used for color products. In addition, it brings for final plastic ... The additions of calcium carbonate and talc will increase the elastic modulus, while the addition of elastic filler materials ... Calcium carbonate powder accounts for 97% of composition will bring for white/opaque products more whiteness. So manufacturers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filler_(materials)

Calcium carbonate is used for neutralizing. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shinaki Dam. v t e (Technology articles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinaki_Dam

... antioxidant Calcium carbonates - color (white), anticaking agent, stabiliser Calcium chloride - mineral salt Calcium citrates ... food acid Calcium oxide - mineral salt Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) Calcium peroxide - Calcium phosphates - mineral salt, ... anti-caking agent Calcium formate - preservative Calcium fumarate - food acid Calcium gluconate - acidity regulator Calcium ... calcium aluminium silicate) - anti-caking agent Calcium ascorbate (Vitamin C) Calcium benzoate - preservative Calcium bisulfite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_food_additives

The cave contains cauliflower-shaped agglomerations of a substance called moonmilk; this is a precipitate of calcium carbonate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakimu_Caves

... carbonate, iron(III) oxide, calcium carbonate, zinc carbonate, and lead(II) carbonate. This test is used to precipitate the ion ... In addition, calcium, zinc, and lead ions all produce white precipitates with carbonate, making it difficult to distinguish ... The test can distinguish between copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) or lead (Pb). Sodium carbonate solution is ... The sodium carbonate test (not to be confused with sodium carbonate extract test) is used to distinguish between some common ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative_inorganic_analysis

... silicate and carbonate minerals, such as monazite (MIIIPO4) and bastnäsite (MIIICO3F), where M refers to all the rare-earth ... on Some Physiological Activities in Oilseed Rape during Calcium (Ca2+) Starvation". 10th International Rapeseed Congress. 2: ... 3 carbonate: Nd2(CO3)3 sulfate: Nd2(SO4)3 acetate: Nd(CH3COO)3 neodymium magnets (Nd2Fe14B) Some neodymium compounds have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium

... calcium sulphate) - used for plaster Fluorspar - also known as fluorite (calcium fluoride) Barytes (barium sulphate) It was ... potassium carbonate) Salt Sylvinite - a mixture of sylvite (potassium chloride) and halite (commonly known as rock salt - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_Association_of_the_United_Kingdom

... calcium carbonate 6-10% and carbon 7-10%. It is primarily used for filtration and decolorisation. Bone char is primarily made ... most importantly sulfates and the ions of magnesium and calcium. The removal of these is beneficial, as it reduces the level of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_char

In the same report, the hardness was reported as 301 mg/L of calcium carbonate, placing it in the very hard range. The nearest ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckden,_Cambridgeshire

... is the calcium endmember of the plagioclase feldspar mineral series. The chemical formula of pure anorthite is ... It also occurs in metamorphic rocks of granulite facies, in metamorphosed carbonate rocks, and corundum deposits. Its type ... Anorthite is the calcium-rich endmember of the plagioclase solid solution series, the other endmember being albite (NaAlSi3O8 ... Calcium minerals, Feldspar, Triclinic minerals, Gemstones, Minerals in space group 2). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorthite

For instance, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate are added as abrasives to remove dental plaque on teeth, while ... Fluoride has a high tendency to react with the calcium hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 in tooth enamel due to its high affinity ... It subsequently replaces the hydroxide group in hydroxyapatite to precipitate calcium fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3)F. These ... fluorapatite precipitations scavenge excess phosphate and calcium in the saliva to form a supersaturated solution for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topical_fluoride

The surface soils are underlain by a hard calcium carbonate caliche layer several inches thick. This subsurface caliche layer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_Lake_(Oregon)

... is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, ... Continued dissolution of calcium carbonate-rich formations can lead to the expansion and eventual collapse of cave systems, ... Other polymorphs of calcium carbonate are the minerals aragonite and vaterite. Aragonite will change to calcite over timescales ... Lineages evolved to use whichever morph of calcium carbonate was favourable in the ocean at the time they became mineralised, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcite

... such as calcium (calcium carbonate, calcium citrate) or magnesium (magnesium oxide), or iron (ferrous sulfate, iron bis- ... Calcium makes up 920 to 1200 grams of adult body weight, with 99% of it contained in bones and teeth. This is about 1.5% of ... For example, for calcium the U.S. Food and Drug Administration set the recommended intake for adults over 70 years at 1,200 mg/ ... The elements may be naturally present in the food (e.g., calcium in dairy milk) or added to the food (e.g., orange juice ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)

In addition, calcium hydroxide commonly being produced by calcination of calcium carbonate releases yet more carbon dioxide ... usually calcium sulfate if flue gases are scrubbed by being passed through calcium hydroxide solution) which would have to be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_shipping

It is available in Japan as a mixture with calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate as a non-prescription medication. It is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almasilate

... calcium carbonate). The LD50 (median lethal dose) for pure oxalic acid in rats is about 375 mg/kg body weight, or about 25 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhubarb

Tacharanite (Y: 1961) 9.HA.75 [1] [2] [3] Tachyhydrite (Y: 1856) 3.BB.35 [4] [5] [6] (IUPAC: calcium dimagnesium hexachloride ... 523] [no] [no] (IUPAC: diiron(II) tetrairon(III) dioxodecahydroxide carbonate trihydrate, Fe2+:Fe3+ = 1:2) Trebiskyite (IMA2019 ... Tangeite (adelite: IMA1992 s.p., 1926) 8.BH.35 [60] [61] [62] (IUPAC: calcium copper hydro vanadate) Taniajacoite (ruizite: ... 413] [no] [no] (IUPAC: (calcium,sodium,vacancy) aluminohexaoxodisilicate) Tistarite (corundum: IMA2008-016) 4.CB.05 [414] [415 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minerals_recognized_by_the_International_Mineralogical_Association_(T)

As a fine gel abrasive, frequently combined with softer calcium carbonate (from chalk) it helps to remove plaque. Milled to a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrated_silica

... the calcium carbonate, magnesium, sodium, potassium, lithium, iron oxide, calcium sulfate, silicic acid and titanic acid. This ... Calcium: 339 mg/l Magnesium: 67 mg/l Bicarbonate: 1452 mg/l Potassium: 11,4 mg/l Sodium: 21 mg/l Nitrite: 0 ;mg/l Nitrate : 0 ; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohai_Agnes_mineral_water

Excessive consumption of calcium generally means taking in more than 4 to 5 g of calcium carbonate every day. This can be ... as well as the growing awareness among consumers of the potential health benefits of calcium intake. Calcium carbonate is also ... However, excessive ingestion of calcium of more than 10-15 g per day has been reported to cause calcium levels too high for ... Generally, the daily intake of less than 2 grams of calcium is considered to be safe. Prior to starting any calcium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk-alkali_syndrome

Sevelamer with calcium carbonate may decrease the bioavailability of levothyroxine. Grapefruit juice may delay the absorption ... Soy, walnuts, fiber, calcium supplements, and iron supplements can also adversely affect absorption. A study found that cow's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levothyroxine

... is readily altered to barium sulfate by the action of water containing calcium sulfate in solution and crystals are ... Witherite is a barium carbonate mineral, BaCO3, in the aragonite group. Witherite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and ... Carbonate minerals, Orthorhombic minerals, Minerals in space group 62, Luminescent minerals, Aragonite group). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witherite

A solution of this salt is then treated with sodium salts to precipitate the mixed calcium-sodium salt CaNa2[Fe(CN)6]2, which ... in turn is treated with sodium carbonate to give the tetrasodium salt. Sodium ferrocyanide MSDS Archived 2010-05-17 at the ... 2018). "Re‐evaluation of sodium ferrocyanide (E 535), potassium ferrocyanide (E 536) and calcium ferrocyanide (E 538) as food ... Sodium ferrocyanide is produced industrially from hydrogen cyanide, ferrous chloride, and calcium hydroxide, the combination of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_ferrocyanide

They produce deposits of calcium carbonate which form the calciate structures in which they live. It is the largest stony coral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladocora_caespitosa

NORM formed in carbonate matrix can have a density of 3.5 grams/cubic centimeters and must be noted when packing for ... Some states, such as North Dakota, uses the term "diffuse NORM". Barium, calcium and strontium sulfates are larger compounds, ... As the fluids approach the surface, changes in the temperature and pressure cause the barium, calcium, strontium and radium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturally_occurring_radioactive_material

... a mixture of calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl) 2, calcium chloride CaCl 2, and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2: Na 2CO 3 (aq) + Ca(OCl) 2 ... If not properly stored in airtight containers, sodium hypochlorite reacts with carbon dioxide to form sodium carbonate: 2 NaOCl ... Calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl) 2 ("bleaching powder") Potassium hypochlorite KOCl (the original "Javel water") Lithium ... "Weak chlorine solution" is a 0.05% solution of hypochlorite used for washing hands, but is normally prepared with calcium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hypochlorite

The parent material of duripan soils usually does not contain a large amount of calcium carbonate, and if there is an abundance ... of calcium, a Petrocalcic Horizon can form in conjunction with the duripan. The weathered silica is mostly transported by water ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duripan

It has been observed growing in lowland forests with soil rich in calcium carbonate at elevations of 60 to 300 meters. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goniothalamus_tortilipetalus

In the making of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate (limestone) breaks down upon heating, releasing carbon dioxide: CaCO 3 ⟶ CaO ... Many metal oxides arise by decomposition of other metal compounds, e.g. carbonates, hydroxides, and nitrates. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxide

... often cemented with calcium carbonate making up the Ogallala formation. The basement of the aquifer at the location is the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Nebraska

These miogeosyncline metasedimentary rocks are partly composed of calcium carbonate, often including limestone. Groups within ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Sea

Calcium salt of carbonic acid [Note: Occurs in nature as as limestone, chalk, marble, dolomite, aragonite, calcite and oyster ... Calcium salt of carbonic acid [Note: Occurs in nature as as limestone, chalk, marble, dolomite, aragonite, calcite and oyster ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0090.html

CALCIUM CARBONATE (UNII: H0G9379FGK) (CALCIUM CATION - UNII:2M83C4R6ZB) CALCIUM CARBONATE. 750 mg. ... ALKA SELTZER- calcium carbonate tablet, chewable BestCo Inc.. Disclaimer: Most OTC drugs are not reviewed and approved by FDA, ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=2b95d0b8-a30a-667d-e054-00144ff8d46c&type=display

Calcium Carbonate is used to lower the acidity in wine. 2.5 grams per gallon will lower the acidity approximately 0.1% You do ... Calcium Carbonate is used to lower the acidity in wine. 2.5 grams per gallon will lower the acidity approximately 0.1% You do ...

https://www.midwestsupplies.com/collections/wine-making-additives/products/calcium-carbonate

Calcium Carbonate: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Calcium carbonate is a dietary supplement used when the amount of calcium taken in the diet is not enough. Calcium is needed by ... Before taking calcium carbonate,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to calcium carbonate or any other drugs. ... Gas-X® with Maalox® (containing Calcium Carbonate, Simethicone). *Rolaids® Plus Gas Relief (containing Calcium Carbonate, ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601032.html

We would like to send you other relevant information in the future e.g. application notes, guidebooks, webinar and seminar invites, which might be of interest to you. Therefore, we would like to request your consent to stay in touch. You can find out about your rights and how we use and process your personal information in our Privacy Policy ...

https://www.buchi.com/en/knowledge/applications/calcium-carbonate

Calcium Carbonate online with Swanson Health Products, where unparalleled quality meets unbeatable prices. ...

https://www.swansonvitamins.com/specialtydietprods/Gluten+Free%7CVegetarian/ncat1/Minerals/ncat2/Calcium/ncat3/Calcium+Carbonate/q

Calcium carbonate and reduction of levothyroxine efficacy C R Schneyer. JAMA. 1998. . ... The acute effect of calcium carbonate on the intestinal absorption of levothyroxine. Singh N, Weisler SL, Hershman JM. Singh N ... Counseling patients receiving levothyroxine (L-T4) and calcium carbonate. Mazokopakis EE. Mazokopakis EE. Mil Med. 2006 Nov;171 ... L-thyroxine malabsorption due to calcium carbonate impairs blood pressure, total cholesterolemia, and fasting glycemia. Morini ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9508149/

... the pH Scale and Carbonic Acid Formation to Understand the Effect of Ocean Acidification on Organisms with Calcium Carbonate ... the pH Scale and Carbonic Acid Formation to Understand the Effect of Ocean Acidification on Organisms with Calcium Carbonate ... dioxide and ocean acidification and that ocean acidification may have an effect on marine organisms with calcium carbonate ...

https://serc.carleton.edu/integrate/workshops/risk_resilience/activities/81316.html

Calcium is needed by the body for healthy bones, muscles, nervous system, and heart. Calcium carbonate also is used as an ... We produce and sell high quality calcium carbonate. ... Produce and sale Calciumm Carbonate}" data-sheets-userformat= ...

https://buildingmarkets.org/ar/listings/mecc/

After prenucleation with calcium carbonate nanoparticles, the titania-modified filter paper was put into classic ... A new cellulose/aragonite composite material was fabricated by deposition of needle-like aragonite calcium carbonate crystals ... Growth of aragonite phase calcium carbonate on the surface of a titania-modified filter paper T. Niu, J. Xu and J. Huang, ... After prenucleation with calcium carbonate nanoparticles, the titania-modified filter paper was put into classic geothermal ...

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/ce/c3ce42322k

Production of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC). Raw ingredient in production of PCC ... Calcium Hypochlorite Bleach Production. Raw ingredient in production of bleach. Product Solutions: High Calcium Quicklime l ... The particle size of the slaked lime is a key parameter for the precipitation of calcium carbonate. ... paper plant or when producing precipitated production carbonate (PCC). ...

https://www.carmeuse.com/eu-en/precipitated-calcium-carbonate

ASCORBIC ACID OR BIOTIN OR CALCIUM CATION OR CARBONATE ION OR CYA... (8657) ASCORBIC ACID OR BIOTIN OR CALCIUM CATION OR ... "calcium"[MeSH Terms] OR "calcium"[All Fields]) AND ("cations"[All Fields] OR "cation"[All Fields])) OR (("carbonates"[All ... Search: ASCORBIC ACID OR BIOTIN OR CALCIUM CATION OR CARBONATE ION OR CYANOCOBALAMIN OR FERRIC CATION OR FERROUS CATION OR ... Search: ASCORBIC ACID OR BIOTIN OR CALCIUM CATION OR CARBONATE ION OR CYANOCOBALAMIN OR FERRIC CATION OR FERROUS CATION OR ...

https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501922/?term=ASCORBIC+ACID+OR+BIOTIN+OR+CALCIUM+CATION+OR+CARBONATE+ION+OR+CYANOCOBALAMIN+OR+FERRIC+CATION+OR+FERROUS+CATION+OR+FOLIC+ACID+OR+NIACIN+OR+PANTOTHENIC+ACID+OR+PYRIDOXINE+OR+RIBOFLAVIN+OR+SUCCINIC+ACID+OR+THIAMINE+ION

Your search for ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE OR BISMUTH CATION OR CALCIUM CATION OR CARBONATE ION OR SODIUM CATION did not return any ...

http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=ALUMINUM+HYDROXIDE+OR+BISMUTH+CATION+OR+CALCIUM+CATION+OR+CARBONATE+ION+OR+SODIUM+CATION

... calcium carbonate), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & lactation ... encoded search term (calcium carbonate (calcium carbonate)) and calcium carbonate (calcium carbonate) What to Read Next on ... Calcium carbonate (elemental calcium equivalent). *Approximately 40% of calcium carbonate is elemental calcium; 1000mg of ... Calcium carbonate (elemental calcium equivalent) *Approximately 40% of calcium carbonate is elemental calcium; 1000mg of ...

http://reference.medscape.com/drug/tums-calcium-carbonate-341983

Stereate Coated Calcium Carbonate vs. Uncoated Calcium Carbonate ... Topic: Stereate Coated Calcium Carbonate vs. Uncoated Calcium ... Re: Stereate Coated Calcium Carbonate vs. Uncoated Calcium Carbonate « Reply #1 on: July 26, 2013, 11:39:03 PM » ... Re: Stereate Coated Calcium Carbonate vs. Uncoated Calcium Carbonate « Reply #2 on: July 29, 2013, 01:21:57 AM » ... Stereate Coated Calcium Carbonate vs. Uncoated Calcium Carbonate « on: July 22, 2013, 07:58:08 AM » ...

https://www.chemicalforums.com/index.php?topic=69879.0

PH+ US Made Calcium Carbonate re-mineralization filter for ROES-PH75 ... 6th Stage: 10" High Purity pH+ Calcium Carbonate Re-mineralization Inline Filters w/ Quick Connect. Recommend changing every 6- ... This mineral cartridge adds only high-purity calcium carbonate to effectively neutralize acidity and raise pH in the water. ... 6th stage 10" High Purity pH+ Calcium Carbonate Re-mineralization Inline Filters w/ Quick Connect ...

https://www.freedrinkingwater.com/apec-pre-filter-set-for-essence-75-gpd-ph-ro-systems-10-stages-1-3-and-6.htm

Calcium carbonate content of sediment core RC11-236. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.51069 ... Calcium carbonate. CaCO3. %. Ruddiman, William F. Mercury rig; Hulsemann, 1966, J.Sed.Pet.. ... Ruddiman, William F; Farrell, John W (1992): Calcium carbonate database. IGBP/PAGES World Data Center Paleoclimatology, Boulder ... Ruddiman, William F; Farrell, John W (1996): Calcium carbonate content of sediment core RC11-236. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/ ...

https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.51069

The time of the emplacement event can be determined from natural radionuclide distributions, and the degree of carbonate ... Bottom water can become more aggressive towards carbonate sediments during such periods. To interpret the sedimentary record ... In parts of the Atlantic Ocean, turbidite sedimentation mechanisms have emplaced carbonate-rich material in contact with ... it is necessary to know the rate of solution of carbonate for a given degree of bottom-water undersaturation. ...

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990RSPTA.331...41W/abstract

Home Misting System Filters, Filter Cartridges and Canisters Water pretreatment kit with Scalex cartridge for calcium-carbonate ... Water pretreatment kit with Scalex cartridge for calcium-carbonate scale prevention. SKU: 93614. $153.74. ... Water pretreatment kit #92609 with Scalex #92613 cartridge for calcium-carbonate scale prevention and #94042 ... Water pretreatment kit with Scalex cartridge for calcium-carbonate scale prevention quantity. ...

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EP-0012578-B1 chemical patent summary.

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/patent/EP-0012578-B1

ASCORBIC ACID/AE AND BIOTIN/AE AND CALCIUM CATION/AE AND CARBONATE ION/AE AND CYANOCOBALAMIN/AE AND FERRIC CATION/AE AND ... ASCORBIC ACID/AE AND BIOTIN/AE AND CALCIUM CATION/AE AND CARBONATE ION/AE AND CYANOCOBALAMIN/AE AND FERRIC CATION/AE AND ...

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?DB=pubmed&term=ASCORBIC+ACID/AE+AND+BIOTIN/AE+AND+CALCIUM+CATION/AE+AND+CARBONATE+ION/AE+AND+CYANOCOBALAMIN/AE+AND+FERRIC+CATION/AE+AND+FERROUS+CATION/AE+AND+FOLIC+ACID/AE+AND+NIACIN/AE+AND+PANTOTHENIC+ACID/AE+AND+PYRIDOXINE/AE+AND+RIBOFLAVIN/AE+AND+SUCCINIC+ACID/AE+AND+THIAMINE+ION/AE

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https://www.scienceabc.com/tag/calcium-carbonate

The effect of surface treatment with inorganic orthophosphate on the dissolution of calcium carbonate. Sabbides; TG; Koutsoukos ... The effect of surface treatment with inorganic orthophosphate on the dissolution of calcium carbonate ...

https://www.iceht.forth.gr/en/publications/the-effect-of-surface-treatment-with-inorganic-orthophosphate-on-the-dissolution-of-calcium-carbonate/

Powered by Pure, Scopus & Elsevier Fingerprint Engine™ © 2023 Elsevier B.V. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Log in to Pure. ...

https://pure.york.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/environmental-controls-on-the-production-of-calcium-carbonate-by-/activities/

Independent impacts of calcium and carbonate ion concentration on Mg and Sr incorporation in cultured benthic foraminifera ... Independent impacts of calcium and carbonate ion concentration on Mg and Sr incorporation in cultured benthic foraminifera , ...

https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/25689/

... calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, ... calcium carbonate decreases effects of atenolol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.. calcium carbonate ... calcium carbonate decreases effects of betaxolol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.. calcium carbonate ... calcium carbonate decreases effects of esmolol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.. calcium carbonate ...

https://reference.medscape.com/drug/dual-action-complete-pepcid-complete-famotidine-calcium-carbonate-magnesium-hydroxide-999412

Effect of calcium carbonate encapsulation on the activity of orally administered CpG oligonucleotides. Friday, September 15, ... the activity of orally delivered ODN by reducing their susceptibility to GI digestion via encapsulation in calcium carbonate ... that orally delivered CpG ODN predominantly induce gastrointestinal rather than systemic immunity and that calcium carbonate ...

https://researchfestival.nih.gov/2017/posters/effect-calcium-carbonate-encapsulation-activity-orally-administered-cpg

Omya has announced a temporary surcharge on its calcium carbonate products in Europe with immediate effect. With the escalation ... Omya implements surcharge on calcium carbonate products in Europe. 08 March 2022 ...

https://www.polymerspaintcolourjournal.com/omya-implements-surcharge-on-calcium-carbonate-products-in-europe/

Preparation of Flexible Calcium Carbonate (FCC). Flexible calcium carbonate batches from MFCO and MFC were prepared according ... 2011), and pre-flocculation of fillers by making flocs of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) or ground calcium carbonate (GCC ... Those processed MFCs were treated with in-situ formation of calcium carbonate by adding calcium oxide and injecting carbon ... Those processed MFCs were treated with in-situ formation of calcium carbonate by adding calcium oxide and injecting carbon ...

https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/producing-flexible-calcium-carbonate-from-waste-paper-and-their-use-as-fillers-for-high-bulk-paper/

The MFCs had a dark brown color initially but turned into high brightness materials similar to commercial ground calcium carbonate (GCC) after the in-situ formation process. (ncsu.edu)
One of the most widely used pigments in papermaking is calcium carbonate (CaCO 3), which is formed either by natural precipitation (ground calcium carbonate, GCC) or produced synthetically (precipitated calcium carbonate, PCC). (vacancorse.fr)
كواحد من قادة ground calcium carbonate machine الصناعة ، تسعى SBM دائمًا إلى الابتكار والتميز. (fundacjaszekla.pl)

Calcium carbonate comes as a tablet, chewable tablet, capsule, and liquid to take by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)

After prenucleation with calcium carbonate nanoparticles, the titania-modified filter paper was put into classic geothermal water for the growth of needle-like aragonite calcium carbonate crystals, and the needle-like calcium carbonate crystals were guaranteed to be pure aragonite. (rsc.org)
A strategy to improve the activity of orally delivered ODN by reducing their susceptibility to GI digestion via encapsulation in calcium carbonate nanoparticles (ODNcap) was recently described. (nih.gov)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of benznidazole-loaded calcium carbonate nanoparticles (BZN@CaCO3) on Trypanosoma cruzi strain Y. It was observed that BZN@CaCO3 was able to reduce the viability of epimastigote, trypomastigote and amastigote forms of T. cruzi with greater potency when compared with BZN. (bvsalud.org)

Some over-the-counter antacids, such as Tums and Rolaids, also contain calcium carbonate. (nih.gov)

Calcium carbonate also is used as an antacid to relieve heartburn, acid indigestion, and upset stomach. (medlineplus.gov)
Do not take calcium carbonate as an antacid for more than 2 weeks unless your doctor tells you to. (medlineplus.gov)
The Dietary Supplement Information datasets contains additional product data on the dietary supplement(s) and non-prescription antacids containing calcium and/or magnesium reported by survey participants in the Dietary Supplement and Non-Prescription Antacid subsections of the Household Interview and in the two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. (cdc.gov)

The NHANES Dietary Supplement Database (NHANES-DSD) contains detailed information on the dietary supplements (DS) and non-prescription antacids containing calcium and/or magnesium (antacids) reported by survey participants since NHANES 1999. (cdc.gov)

The mechanism of the formation of the pure aragonite crystals is that the calcium carbonate crystals may undergo a dissolution and recrystallization process. (rsc.org)
The time of the emplacement event can be determined from natural radionuclide distributions, and the degree of carbonate dissolution in this time can be measured. (harvard.edu)

Replacing chemical pulp with inorganic materials, such as calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), without loss of key paper properties in papermaking is beneficial for forest conservation and production cost savings (Svending et al . (ncsu.edu)

A new cellulose/aragonite composite material was fabricated by deposition of needle-like aragonite calcium carbonate crystals on the surface of an ultrathin titania gel film-modified filter paper. (rsc.org)
Therefore, calcium ions are easily captured than calcite by aragonite nuclei. (vacancorse.fr)

Some liquid forms of calcium carbonate must be shaken well before use. (medlineplus.gov)
The two main forms of calcium in dietary supplements are calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. (nih.gov)
Other forms of calcium in supplements and fortified foods include calcium sulfate, calcium ascorbate, calcium microcrystalline hydroxyapatite, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate, and calcium phosphate. (nih.gov)

The particle size of the slaked lime is a key parameter for the precipitation of calcium carbonate. (carmeuse.com)
The morphology and size of calcium carbonate particles produced by CO 2-Ca(OH) 2 reaction precipitation in a Couette-Taylor reactor were investigated experimentally. (vacancorse.fr)

calcium carbonate will decrease the level or effect of baloxavir marboxil by cation binding in GI tract. (medscape.com)

Calcium carbonate is a dietary supplement used when the amount of calcium taken in the diet is not enough. (medlineplus.gov)
The amount of calcium you need each day depends on your age and sex. (nih.gov)
Calcium is found in many multivitamin/mineral supplements , in calcium supplements, and in supplements that contain calcium and other nutrients such as vitamin D. Check the Supplement Facts label to determine the amount of calcium in the supplement. (nih.gov)

tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to calcium carbonate or any other drugs. (medlineplus.gov)

These agents are used for calcium electrolyte supplementation. (medscape.com)

In thyroxine-replaced hypothyroid postmenopausal women under simultaneous calcium supplementation, switch to oral liquid or softgel capsule L-thyroxine ensures lower serum TSH levels and favorable effects on blood pressure, total cholesterolemia and glycemia. (nih.gov)
Some patients require oral calcium supplementation. (medscape.com)
Calcium carbonate is used for supplementation of intravenous therapy in hypocalcemia. (medscape.com)
Supplementation increases calcium levels in the serum by improving calcium absorption and retention. (medscape.com)

If you take 1,000 mg/day of calcium from supplements, for example, it is better to take a smaller dose twice a day than to take it all at once. (nih.gov)

It is known that past periods of high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration are associated with poor carbonate preservation in the deep-ocean sedimentary record. (harvard.edu)

Finally, precipitated nano calcite calcium carbonate (50 to 100 nm) was synthesized by optimizing all the experimental and the instrumental parameters. (vacancorse.fr)
Formation Characteristics of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate by Carbonation Process 5 O2− ions which surrounding the Ca2+ ion than calcite and bonding with 9 O2− atoms. (vacancorse.fr)

The concepts students should learn from this activity are that there is a relationship between anthropogenic carbon dioxide and ocean acidification and that ocean acidification may have an effect on marine organisms with calcium carbonate shells. (carleton.edu)
To interpret the sedimentary record more exactly, and to predict future atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, it is necessary to know the rate of solution of carbonate for a given degree of bottom-water undersaturation. (harvard.edu)
Those processed MFCs were treated with in-situ formation of calcium carbonate by adding calcium oxide and injecting carbon dioxide into the mixture up to the ratio of 1:40 (MFC : calcium carbonate) by weight. (ncsu.edu)
PCC is made by hydrating high-calcium quicklime and then reacting the resulting slurry, or "milk-of-lime", with carbon dioxide. (vacancorse.fr)

Welding produced excessive exposures to total welding fumes, hexavalent chromium (18540299), nickel (7440020), iron-oxide (1332372), and calcium-oxide (1305788). (cdc.gov)
The authors conclude that workers were overexposed to calcium-carbonate, carbon-monoxide, sugar dust, total welding fumes, hexavalent chromium , iron-oxide, nickel, and calcium- oxide fumes at this facility. (cdc.gov)

Carmeuse offers a variety of lime-based product and advanced service solutions to address the many challenges you face across your pulp & paper plant or when producing precipitated production carbonate (PCC). (carmeuse.com)
Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) is an innovative product derived from lime, which has many industrial applications. (vacancorse.fr)
Exposures exceeding the most stringent environmental criteria were found for calcium-carbonate (471341) and carbon-monoxide (630080) in lime kiln workers and sugar dust in sugar bin workers. (cdc.gov)

Calcium gluconate moderates nerve and muscle performance and facilitates normal cardiac function. (medscape.com)

As marble, calcium carbonate is a coarse-crystalline, metamorphic rock, which is formed when chalk or limestone is recrystallized under conditions of high temperature and pressure. (vacancorse.fr)

What kinds of calcium dietary supplements are available? (nih.gov)
and dietary supplements that contain calcium. (nih.gov)

The FI-PHPLUS-QC is a 10" inline filter that adds high purity food grade calcium minerals to enhance the water taste for people who prefer drinking mineral water. (freedrinkingwater.com)
This mineral cartridge adds only high-purity calcium carbonate to effectively neutralize acidity and raise pH in the water. (freedrinkingwater.com)
Calcium is a mineral your body needs to build and maintain strong bones and to carry out many important functions. (nih.gov)
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. (nih.gov)

During the production of polypropylene (PP) edgebands via extrusion, I saw and witness that the PP edgebands filled with stearate coated calcium carbonate have serious problems in bonding lacquer, paint and primer on the surface. (chemicalforums.com)

Administration of oral calcium and 1alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D metabolites, such as calcitriol, remains the mainstay of treatment and should be initiated in every patient with a diagnosis of PHP. (medscape.com)

Calcitriol increases calcium levels by promoting calcium absorption in the intestines and retention in kidneys. (medscape.com)
Nanoencapsulation of benznidazole in calcium carbonate increases its selectivity to Trypanosoma cruzi. (bvsalud.org)

Calcium may decrease the effectiveness of the other medicine. (medlineplus.gov)
calcium carbonate will decrease the level or effect of atazanavir by increasing gastric pH. (medscape.com)

The acute effect of calcium carbonate on the intestinal absorption of levothyroxine. (nih.gov)
Absorption of levothyroxine when coadministered with various calcium formulations. (nih.gov)

Certain vegetables such as kale, broccoli, and Chinese cabbage (bok choi) also contain calcium. (nih.gov)

Calcium citrate is absorbed well on an empty stomach or a full stomach. (nih.gov)
People with low levels of stomach acid-a condition most common in older people-absorb calcium citrate more easily than calcium carbonate. (nih.gov)

If you become pregnant while taking calcium carbonate, call your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)

Studies in monkeys showed concurrent use with calcium, aluminum, or iron caused significantly decreased plasma levels. (medscape.com)
Results indicate that orally delivered CpG ODN predominantly induce gastrointestinal rather than systemic immunity and that calcium carbonate encapsulation does not significantly alter this behavior. (nih.gov)

Using the pH Scale and Carbonic Acid Formation to Understand the Effect of Ocean Acidification on Organisms with Calcium Carbonate Shells. (carleton.edu)
Omya has announced a temporary surcharge on its calcium carbonate products in Europe with immediate effect. (polymerspaintcolourjournal.com)

Carbonation is one of the methods for the production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) on the industrial scale. (vacancorse.fr)

We produce and sell high quality calcium carbonate. (buildingmarkets.org)
Producing flexible calcium carbonate from waste paper and their use as fillers for high bulk paper ," BioResources 18(2), 3400-3412. (ncsu.edu)
It can be initially administered intravenously, and calcium levels can be maintained with a high-calcium diet. (medscape.com)
Most grains (such as breads, pastas, and unfortified cereals) do not have high amounts of calcium. (nih.gov)

Calcium is needed by the body for healthy bones, muscles, nervous system, and heart. (medlineplus.gov)
Your body needs calcium for muscles to move and for nerves to carry messages between your brain and every part of your body. (nih.gov)

If you are taking calcium carbonate on a regular schedule, take the missed dose as soon you remember it. (medlineplus.gov)
If you have any of these symptoms , try spreading out the calcium dose throughout the day, taking the supplement with meals, or switching the form of calcium you take. (nih.gov)

Do not take calcium carbonate within 1-2 hours of taking other medicines. (medlineplus.gov)

Almost all calcium in the body is stored in bones and teeth, giving them structure and hardness. (nih.gov)
Canned sardines and salmon with bones contain calcium. (nih.gov)

The hydrodynamic conditions gener-ated in the reactor affect the course of the process and the characteristics of the precipitated calcium carbonate particles. (vacancorse.fr)
In this study, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) has been produced using a semi-continuous carbonation process within a Ca(OH) 2(s) -CO 2(g) -H 2 O system inside a bench-scale reactor. (vacancorse.fr)

Milk, yogurt, and cheese are the main food sources of calcium for most people in the United States. (nih.gov)

degradation during the reaction of stearic acid with calcium carbonate. (vacancorse.fr)

Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) comes in different grades according to customer requirements and is mainly used in the following industries and applications: manufacturing of paints of all kinds, manufacturing of polymers and plastics, manufacturing of glass, toothpaste, and healthcare products. (vacancorse.fr)
Dairy products are rich sources of calcium, but people with lactose intolerance, people with milk allergies, and vegans (people who don't consume any animal products) must find other sources of calcium. (nih.gov)

Calcium is found in many foods. (nih.gov)

Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) - created by man in a matter of hours Calcium carbonate can also be produced synthetically in the form of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC). (vacancorse.fr)

In parts of the Atlantic Ocean, turbidite sedimentation mechanisms have emplaced carbonate-rich material in contact with undersaturated bottom water. (harvard.edu)

Anatomy3

Organisms4

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs29

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Health Care1

Effect of histamine H2-receptor antagonist on the phosphorus-binding abilities of calcium carbonate and calcium lactate in hemodialysis patients. (1/587)

New treatment of dry eye: the effect of calcium ointment through eyelid skin delivery. (2/587)

Calcium use increases risk of calciphylaxis: a case-control study. (3/587)

A method of microinjection: delivering monoclonal antibody 1223 into sea urchin embryos. (4/587)

Molecular cloning and ultrastructural localization of the core protein of an eggshell matrix proteoglycan, ovocleidin-116. (5/587)

A new matrix protein family related to the nacreous layer formation of Pinctada fucata. (6/587)

Comparison of treatments for mild secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients. Durham Renal Osteodystrophy Study Group. (7/587)

Mechanism of calcite crystal growth inhibition by the N-terminal undecapeptide of lithostathine. (8/587)

Calcium Carbonate

Carbonates

Animal Shells

Calcium, Dietary

Lithium Carbonate

Antacids

Calcification, Physiologic

Calcium Citrate

Calcium Signaling

Pinctada

Calcium Compounds

Calcium Phosphates

Aluminum Hydroxide

Egg Shell

Phosphorus

Chemical Precipitation

Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders

Calcium Gluconate

Apatites

Calcium Chloride

Calcium Channels

Anthozoa

Calculi

Lithostathine

Hyperphosphatemia

Lubrication

Microradiography

Phosphates

Minerals

Otolithic Membrane

Parathyroid Hormone

Magnesium Hydroxide

Crystallization

Dihydrotachysterol

Absorption

Sodium Bicarbonate

Polyamines

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Biological Availability

Calcium

Hypercalcemia

Polyethylenes

Lanthanum

Seawater

Construction Materials

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Nacre

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Calcium Isotopes

Chelating Agents

Magnesium

Pectinidae

Effect of histamine H2-receptor antagonist on the phosphorus-binding abilities of calcium carbonate and calcium lactate in hemodialysis patients. (1/587)

New treatment of dry eye: the effect of calcium ointment through eyelid skin delivery. (2/587)

Calcium use increases risk of calciphylaxis: a case-control study. (3/587)

A method of microinjection: delivering monoclonal antibody 1223 into sea urchin embryos. (4/587)

Molecular cloning and ultrastructural localization of the core protein of an eggshell matrix proteoglycan, ovocleidin-116. (5/587)

A new matrix protein family related to the nacreous layer formation of Pinctada fucata. (6/587)

Comparison of treatments for mild secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients. Durham Renal Osteodystrophy Study Group. (7/587)

Mechanism of calcite crystal growth inhibition by the N-terminal undecapeptide of lithostathine. (8/587)

Calcium carbonate

Amorphous calcium carbonate

Brain balls

Calcium supplement

Elisabeth West FitzHugh

Chi Ming Chan

Michigan Limestone and Chemical Company

Chalk

Zinc carbonate

Aspirin

Roche Harbor, Washington

Sanofi

List of vineyard soil types

Water softening

Carbonate compensation depth

Biomineralising polychaete

Clypeostoma nortoni

Ooid

Hemichordate

Phosphate binder