Calcium calmodulin dependent protein kinase type 2. Medical search

A multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that occurs as an oligomeric protein comprised of twelve subunits. It differs from other enzyme subtypes in that it lacks a phosphorylatable activation domain that can respond to CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE.

Destruction by passage of a galvanic electric current, as in disintegration of a chemical compound in solution.

A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. A wide range of proteins can act as acceptor, including VIMENTIN; SYNAPSINS; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS; and the MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p277)

Toluenes in which one hydrogen of the methyl group is substituted by an amino group. Permitted are any substituents on the benzene ring or the amino group.

A monomeric calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that is primarily expressed in neuronal tissues; T-LYMPHOCYTES and TESTIS. The activity of this enzyme is regulated by its phosphorylation by CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE.

A class of ionotropic glutamate receptors characterized by affinity for N-methyl-D-aspartate. NMDA receptors have an allosteric binding site for glycine which must be occupied for the channel to open efficiently and a site within the channel itself to which magnesium ions bind in a voltage-dependent manner. The positive voltage dependence of channel conductance and the high permeability of the conducting channel to calcium ions (as well as to monovalent cations) are important in excitotoxicity and neuronal plasticity.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A monomeric calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that is expressed in a broad variety of mammalian cell types. Its expression is regulated by the action of CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE. Several isoforms of this enzyme subtype are encoded by distinct genes.

A regulatory calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that specifically phosphorylates CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE 1; CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE 2; CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE 4; and PROTEIN KINASE B. It is a monomeric enzyme that is encoded by at least two different genes.

Damage to the MYOCARDIUM resulting from MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION (restoration of blood flow to ischemic areas of the HEART.) Reperfusion takes place when there is spontaneous thrombolysis, THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY, collateral flow from other coronary vascular beds, or reversal of vasospasm.

Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.

A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the PANCREAS among the exocrine acini. Each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. There are four major cell types. The most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete INSULIN. Alpha cells (5-20%) secrete GLUCAGON. PP cells (10-35%) secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE. Delta cells (~5%) secrete SOMATOSTATIN.

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

A type of pancreatic cell representing about 50-80% of the islet cells. Beta cells secrete INSULIN.

A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The binding of calcium ions to this protein allows this protein to bind to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and to adenyl cyclase with subsequent activation. Thereby this protein modulates cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.

An enzyme that phosphorylates myosin light chains in the presence of ATP to yield myosin-light chain phosphate and ADP, and requires calcium and CALMODULIN. The 20-kDa light chain is phosphorylated more rapidly than any other acceptor, but light chains from other myosins and myosin itself can act as acceptors. The enzyme plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

Proteins which bind calmodulin. They are found in many tissues and have a variety of functions including F-actin cross-linking properties, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and calcium and magnesium ATPases.

The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.

Modulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity by acute and chronic morphine administration in rat hippocampus: differential regulation of alpha and beta isoforms. (1/1822)

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) has been shown to be involved in the regulation of opioid receptor signaling. The present study showed that acute morphine treatment significantly increased both Ca2+/calmodulin-independent and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activities of CaMK II in the rat hippocampus, with little alteration in the protein level of either alpha or beta isoform of CaMK II. However, chronic morphine treatment, by which rats were observed to develop apparent tolerance to morphine, significantly down-regulated both Ca2+/calmodulin-independent and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activities of CaMK II and differentially regulated the expression of alpha and beta isoforms of CaMK II at protein and mRNA levels. Application of naloxone or discontinuation of morphine treatment after chronic morphine administration, which induced the withdrawal syndrome of morphine, resulted in the overshoot of CaMK II (at both protein and mRNA levels) and its kinase activity. The phenomena of overshoot were mainly observed in the beta isoform of CaMK II but not in the alpha isoform. The effects of both acute and chronic morphine treatments on CaMK II could be completely abolished by the concomitant application of naloxone, indicating that the effects of morphine were achieved through activation of opioid receptors. Our data demonstrated that both acute and chronic morphine treatments could effectively modulate the activity and the expression of CaMK II in the hippocampus. (+info)

Muscarinic stimulation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in isolated rat pancreatic acini. (2/1822)

AIM: To study whether M3 receptor occupation would lead to activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II). METHODS: In this study, we isolated rat pancreatic acini by collagenase digestion; measured the Ca2+/calmodulin-independent activity of autophosphorylated form of the CaM kinase II both before and after stimulation of the acini with muscarinic secretagogue bethanechol (Bet). RESULTS: Bet stimulated the activation of, or generation of Ca(2+)-independent activity of, this kinase, in a concentration (0.0001-1 mmol.L-1) and time (5-300 s)-dependent manner; with Bet of 100 mumol.L-1, Ca(2+)-independent activity increased from an unstimulated level of 4.5 +/- 0.3 (n = 4) to 8.9 +/- 1.3 (n = 4, P < 0.05) at 5 s. Another Ca2+ mobilizing secretagogue cholecystokinin (CCK) also activated the kinase; at 1 mumol.L-1, CCK increased Ca(2+)-independent kinase activity to 12.9 +/- 0.5 (n = 6, P < 0.05). Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) at 1 mumol.L-1 did not produce significant Ca(2+)-independent kinase activity (from control 3.90 +/- 0.28 to 4.53 +/- 0.47, n = 6, P > 0.05). Atropine completely blocked Bet activation of the kinase. CONCLUSION: CaM kinase II plays a pivotal role in digestive enzyme secretion, especially during the initial phase of amylase secretion. (+info)

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation and activation of human Cdc25-C at the G2/M phase transition in HeLa cells. (3/1822)

The human tyrosine phosphatase (p54(cdc25-c)) is activated by phosphorylation at mitosis entry. The phosphorylated p54(cdc25-c) in turn activates the p34-cyclin B protein kinase and triggers mitosis. Although the active p34-cyclin B protein kinase can itself phosphorylate and activate p54(cdc25-c), we have investigated the possibility that other kinases may initially trigger the phosphorylation and activation of p54(cdc25-c). We have examined the effects of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase II) on p54(cdc25-c). Our in vitro experiments show that CaM kinase II can phosphorylate p54(cdc25-c) and increase its phosphatase activity by 2.5-3-fold. Treatment of a synchronous population of HeLa cells with KN-93 (a water-soluble inhibitor of CaM kinase II) or the microinjection of AC3-I (a specific peptide inhibitor of CaM kinase II) results in a cell cycle block in G2 phase. In the KN-93-arrested cells, p54(cdc25-c) is not phosphorylated, p34(cdc2) remains tyrosine phosphorylated, and there is no increase in histone H1 kinase activity. Our data suggest that a calcium-calmodulin-dependent step may be involved in the initial activation of p54(cdc25-c). (+info)

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is associated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. (4/1822)

The molecular basis of long-term potentiation (LTP), a long-lasting change in synaptic transmission, is of fundamental interest because of its implication in learning. Usually LTP depends on Ca2+ influx through postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors and subsequent activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). For a molecular understanding of LTP it is crucial to know how CaMKII is localized to its postsynaptic targets because protein kinases often are targeted to their substrates by adapter proteins. Here we show that CaMKII directly binds to the NMDA receptor subunits NR1 and NR2B. Moreover, activation of CaMKIIalpha by stimulation of NMDA receptors in forebrain slices increase this association. This interaction places CaMKII not only proximal to a major source of Ca2+ influx but also close to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors, which become phosphorylated upon stimulation of NMDA receptors in these forebrain slices. Identification of the postsynaptic adapter for CaMKII fills a critical gap in the understanding of LTP because CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of AMPA receptors is an important step during LTP. (+info)

Ca2+/calmodulin-kinase II enhances channel conductance of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate type glutamate receptors. (5/1822)

The ability of central glutamatergic synapses to change their strength in response to the intensity of synaptic input, which occurs, for example, in long-term potentiation (LTP), is thought to provide a cellular basis for memory formation and learning. LTP in the CA1 field of the hippocampus requires activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-kinase II (CaM-KII), which phosphorylates Ser-831 in the GluR1 subunit of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate glutamate receptor (AMPA-R), and this activation/phosphorylation is thought to be a postsynaptic mechanism in LTP. In this study, we have identified a molecular mechanism by which CaM-KII potentiates AMPA-Rs. Coexpression in HEK-293 cells of activated CaM-KII with GluR1 did not affect the glutamate affinity of the receptor, the kinetics of desensitization and recovery, channel rectification, open probability, or gating. Single-channel recordings identified multiple conductance states for GluR1, and coexpression with CaM-KII or a mutation of Ser-831 to Asp increased the contribution of the higher conductance states. These results indicate that CaM-KII can mediate plasticity at glutamatergic synapses by increasing single-channel conductance of existing functional AMPA-Rs or by recruiting new high-conductance-state AMPA-Rs. (+info)

Site-specific phosphorylation of synapsin I by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in pancreatic betaTC3 cells: synapsin I is not associated with insulin secretory granules. (6/1822)

Increasing evidence supports a physiological role of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) in the secretion of insulin from the pancreatic beta-cell, but the precise sites of action are not known. A role of this enzyme in neuroexocytosis is implicated by its phosphorylation of a vesicle-associated protein, synapsin I. Because of emerging similarities to the neuron with respect to exocytotic mechanisms, the expression and phosphorylation of synapsin I in the beta-cell have been studied. Synapsin I expression in clonal mouse beta-cells (betaTC3) and primary rat islet beta-cells was initially confirmed by immunoblot analysis. By immunoprecipitation, in situ phosphorylation of synapsin I was induced in permeabilized betaTC3 cells within a Ca2+ concentration range shown to activate endogenous CaM kinase II under identical conditions. Proteolytic digests of these immunoprecipitates revealed that calcium primarily induced the increased phosphorylation of sites identified as CaM kinase II-specific and distinct from protein kinase A-specific sites. Immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy verified synapsin I expression in betaTC3 cells and pancreatic slices but demonstrated little if any colocalization of synapsin I with insulin-containing dense core granules. Thus, although this study establishes that synapsin I is a substrate for CaM kinase II in the pancreatic beta-cell, this event appears not to be important for the mobilization of insulin granules. (+info)

Current studies on a working model of CaM kinase II in hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory. (7/1822)

There have been recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of the long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. This review documents current views on mechanisms underlying LTP induction, from activation of the NMDA receptor to stimulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II). We will focus in particular on recent findings of how CaM kinase II encodes the frequency of synaptic usage and serves as a molecular memory switch at the synapse. Furthermore, a role for CaM kinase II in spatial learning and memory is demonstrated by recent studies using transgenic mice. (+info)

Differential effects of a calcineurin inhibitor on glutamate-induced phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. (8/1822)

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaM kinases) are major multifunctional enzymes that play important roles in calcium-mediated signal transduction. To characterize their regulatory mechanisms in neurons, we compared glutamate-induced phosphorylation of CaM kinase IV and CaM kinase II in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. We observed that dephosphorylation of these kinases followed different time courses, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms for each kinase. Okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase (PP) 1 and PP2A, increased the phosphorylation of both kinases. In contrast, cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of calcineurin, showed different effects: the phosphorylation and activity of CaM kinase IV were significantly increased with this inhibitor, but those of CaM kinase II were not significantly increased. Cyclosporin A treatment of neurons increased phosphorylation of Thr196 of CaM kinase IV, the activated form with CaM kinase kinase, which was recognized with an anti-phospho-Thr196 antibody. Moreover, recombinant CaM kinase IV was dephosphorylated and inactivated with calcineurin as well as with PP1, PP2A, and PP2C in vitro. These results suggest that CaM kinase IV, but not CaM kinase II, is directly regulated with calcineurin. (+info)

"CAMK2A calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II alpha [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. ... β CAMKIIδ CAMKIIγ CAMKIII CAMKIV CAMKV CaM kinase like vesicle associated SCAMK Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase ... CAMK, also written as CaMK, is an abbreviation for the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase class of enzymes. CAMKs are ... Hudmon A, Schulman H (2002-06-01). "Neuronal CA2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II: the role of structure and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMK

... p39 interact with the alpha-subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and alpha-actinin-1 in a calcium-dependent ... Sakashita G, Shima H, Komatsu M, Urano T, Kikuchi A, Kikuchi K (February 2003). "Regulation of type 1 protein phosphatase/ ... p39 interact with the alpha-subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and alpha-actinin-1 in a calcium-dependent ... Agarwal-Mawal A, Paudel HK (June 2001). "Neuronal Cdc2-like protein kinase (Cdk5/p25) is associated with protein phosphatase 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDK5R2

... interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 protein) PI4KIIIβ (type III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase β) IP3 receptor (this ... PIK1 It binds to many proteins, some in calcium dependent and some in calcium independent ways, and switches many of the ... calcium-binding protein. Frq can substitute for calmodulin in some situations. It is thought to be associated with neuronal ... NCS-1 is a member of the neuronal calcium sensor family, a class of EF hand containing calcium-myristoyl-switch proteins. NCS-1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronal_calcium_sensor-1

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) is also activated by calcium influx through NMDA receptors, and is ... Lacosamide is used in combination with other types of medications to control various types of seizures, especially epilepsy. ... and cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 (Cdk5) are highly expressed in Alzheimer's disease and are some of the protein kinases ... revealing the presence of both Rho kinase-dependent and Rho kinase-independent pathways for the growth cone collapse. In RhoA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapsin_response_mediator_protein_family

... calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV, and the peroxisome proliferator γ coactivator 1 (PGC-1). The Ras/MAPK signaling ... Calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-activated phosphatase implicated in nerve activity-dependent fiber-type specification in ... proteins and other regulatory proteins. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity is also upregulated by slow motor ... calcineurin and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV to activate transcription factors that regulate gene expression ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_muscle

... neural protein contains phosphorylation sites for cAMP-dependent protein kinase and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ... Lack of synapsins altogether in neurons, leads to behavioral alterations as well as epileptic-type seizures. The lack affects ... and domain B has two mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation sites. At its B domain, between amino acids 43 and 121, ... The synapsin II protein has been shown to interact with SYN1. Mutations in the SYN2 gene may be associated with abnormal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapsin_2

Zhang S, Ehlers MD, Bernhardt JP, Su CT, Huganir RL (August 1998). "Calmodulin mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of N- ... ". "Protein Information - Basic Information: Protein COPaKB ID: P35609". Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase. ... Young P, Ferguson C, Bañuelos S, Gautel M (March 1998). "Molecular structure of the sarcomeric Z-disk: two types of titin ... "Interactions of calmodulin and alpha-actinin with the NR1 subunit modulate Ca2+-dependent inactivation of NMDA receptors". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinin_alpha_2

... calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase 3 and membrane-associated guanylate kinase 2. This gene is located on the ... Hsueh YP, Roberts AM, Volta M, Sheng M, Roberts RG (June 2001). "Bipartite interaction between neurofibromatosis type I protein ... "Entrez Gene: CASK Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (MAGUK family)". Tarpey PS, Smith R, Pleasance E, Whibley ... Zhu ZQ, Wang D, Xiang D, Yuan YX, Wang Y (2014). "Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase is involved in exendin-4- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASK

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CAMK4 gene. The product of ... calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I by calmodulin and by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 273 ... Phosphorylation by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, and calcium/calmodulin protein kinase; identification ... and activation of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV by Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ia kinase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMK4

... by protein kinase C and calcium/calmodulin kinase II in vitro". J. Neurochem. 71 (3): 1307-14. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998. ... Kubes M, Cordier J, Glowinski J, Girault JA, Chneiweiss H (1998). "Endothelin induces a calcium-dependent phosphorylation of ... "Molecular characterization of the human PEA15 gene on 1q21-q22 and association with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians". ... "Protein kinase B/Akt binds and phosphorylates PED/PEA-15, stabilizing its antiapoptotic action". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (13): 4511 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEA15

The δ subunit is the ubiquitous eukaryotic protein calmodulin which itself has 4 calcium ion binding sites. When cytosolic Ca2+ ... but phosphorylation of both these subunits by protein kinase A (PKA, or cAMP-dependent protein kinase) reduces their respective ... Defects in phosphorylase kinase genes are the cause of glycogen storage disease type IX (GSD type IX) and GSD type VI (formerly ... In the active site, there is significant homology between PhK and other so-called P-loop protein kinases such as protein kinase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylase_kinase

Cannabinoids reduce calcium influx by blocking the activity of voltage-dependent N-, P/Q- and L-type calcium channels. In ... through Gi/o-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A. Direct effects of CB1 receptors on membrane ... decreases in expression were seen in both calmodulin and ribosomal RNAs. In addition, CB1 activation has been demonstrated to ... Guo J, Ikeda SR (2004). "Endocannabinoids modulate N-type calcium channels and G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocannabinoid_system

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II gamma chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CAMK2G gene. The ... "Entrez Gene: CAMK2G calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II gamma". Moyers JS, Bilan PJ, Zhu J, Kahn CR ( ... Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma) at the PDBe-KB. Biology portal This article incorporates ... calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. Calcium signaling is crucial for several aspects of plasticity at glutamatergic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMK2G

... and a calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CAMK-1), and additional kinases, reaching its peak around mid-subjective day. Kinase ... with just one of the proteins present. The choice of which protein is made is the result of temperature-dependent splicing of ... Because sFRQ favors a longer period than lFRQ, free running rhythms in wild type Neurospora are somewhat decreased with ... A similar palette of kinases modifies the clock proteins in all cases. Negative feedback White Collar-1 Baker CL, Loros JJ, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_(gene)

... an effect which is associated with DAT phosphorylation through a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CAMK)-dependent ... calcium/calmodulin protein kinases) signaling, which, in addition to phosphorylating CREB, also phosphorylates HDAC5. Figure 2 ... ΔFosB is also induced in D1-type NAc MSNs by chronic consumption of several natural rewards, including sucrose, high-fat food, ... it triggers transporter phosphorylation via protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, ultimately resulting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methamphetamine

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II beta chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CAMK2B gene. The ... "Entrez Gene: CAMK2B calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II beta". Walikonis RS, Oguni A, Khorosheva EM, ... Sequence analyses of human brain calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II". Mol. Biol. Rep. 28 (1): 35-41. doi:10.1023/A: ... Novak G, Seeman P, Tallerico T (2001). "Schizophrenia: elevated mRNA for calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIbeta in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMK2B

This calcium then interacts with calcineurin and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases that in turn activate transcription ... October 2004). "Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity, insulin action, and type 2 diabetes". Science. 306 (5695): 457-61. ... "Coupling of stress in the ER to activation of JNK protein kinases by transmembrane protein kinase IRE1". Science. 287 (5453): ... PERK (protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) activates itself by oligomerization and autophosphorylation of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unfolded_protein_response

Barry FA, Gibbins JM (Apr 2002). "Protein kinase B is regulated in platelets by the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI". The ... Andrews RK, Suzuki-Inoue K, Shen Y, Tulasne D, Watson SP, Berndt MC (Jun 2002). "Interaction of calmodulin with the cytoplasmic ... Collagen fibers are the most thrombogenic macromolecular components of the extracellular matrix, with collagen types I, III, ... "Expression and function of the mouse collagen receptor glycoprotein VI is strictly dependent on its association with the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPVI

... the microtubule-associated tau proteins and S100b regulate tau phosphorylation by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ... "The calcium-modulated proteins, S100A1 and S100B, as potential regulators of the dynamics of type III intermediate filaments". ... S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) is a protein of the S-100 protein family. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm ... the microtubule-associated tau proteins and S100b regulate tau phosphorylation by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S100B

"Calmodulin is involved in the Ca2+-dependent activation of ceramide kinase as a calcium sensor". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (49): 40436 ... CERK shares sequence homology with sphingosine kinase type I, including an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and a ... It was demonstrated that C-1-P perpetuates the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 β and retinoblastoma protein, ... CERK was later confirmed to bind calmodulin in the presence of calcium, indicating the calmodulin first binds calcium and then ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramide_kinase

ITP3K activity is indirectly stimulated by phosphorylation by calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). In addition, ... and these studies revealed various feedback mechanisms by which the enzyme is regulated by calcium and protein kinases. In 1999 ... the gene becomes expressed in a number of cancer cell types. In most cases, ITP3K expression causes the cancer to be more ... ITP3Ks are stimulated directly by calcium/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) binding. Generally, mammalian ITP3Ks are activated by calcium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inositol-trisphosphate_3-kinase

"Structure and expression of a calcium-binding protein gene contained within a calmodulin-regulated protein kinase gene". ... encodes myosin light chain kinase which is a calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme. Four transcript variants that produce four ... Reaction type: phospho group transfer) It requires Ca2+ and calmodulin for activity. The 20-kDa light chain from smooth muscle ... "Kinase-related protein (telokin) is phosphorylated by smooth-muscle myosin light-chain kinase and modulates the kinase activity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telokin

... s are also modulated by G protein-coupled receptors and the adrenergic nervous system. Protein Kinase A ( ... "Switching off calcium-dependent inactivation in L-type calcium channels by an autoinhibitory domain". Proceedings of the ... As the pore opens and causes an influx of Calcium, calcium binds to calmodulin and then interacts with the loop that connects ... P-type, and N-type. L-type calcium channels were peptide sequenced and it was found that there were 4 kinds of L-type calcium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-type_calcium_channel

2005). "Multivalent interactions of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II with the postsynaptic density proteins NR2B ... 2007). "Densin and filtrin in the pancreas and in the kidney, targets for humoral autoimmunity in patients with type 1 diabetes ... 2001). "Densin-180 forms a ternary complex with the (alpha)-subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and (alpha)- ... portray Densin-180 as a key interactor in the midst of receptor proteins, scaffolding proteins and structural proteins. [number ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LRRC7

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) plays a crucial role in a type of synaptic plasticity known as long-term ... Many of the proteins that calmodulin binds are unable to bind calcium themselves, and use calmodulin as a calcium sensor and ... Proteopedia page for Calmodulin and its conformational change Protein kinase Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Stevens ... This MLC kinase is activated by a calmodulin when it is bound by calcium, thus making smooth muscle contraction dependent on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmodulin

Like neuroligins, neurexins possess a PDZ-domain that associates with CASK (Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase). In ... Multiple nectins on one cell membrane will bind together at the V-type loop to form a cluster of nectin proteins, a process ... Cadherins are calcium- dependent, homophilic cell adhesion molecules that form complexes with cytosolic partners known as ... This interaction, mediated by ephrin A3/EphA4 signaling, induces the recruitment and activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_stabilization

... independent pathway involving calcium-binding protein 39 (Cab39) and serine threonine kinase with no lysine member 4 (WNK4) in ... WNK4 enhances TRPV5 by increasing its forward trafficking to the plasma membrane in a kinase-dependent manner. The inhibitory ... However, when Ca2+ levels are elevated, Ca2+/calmodulin complex binds to the C-terminal region, derepressing WNK4 kinase ... August 2005). "A new kindred with pseudohypoaldosteronism type II and a novel mutation (564D>H) in the acidic motif of the WNK4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNK4

... p39 interact with the alpha-subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and alpha-actinin-1 in a calcium-dependent ... Actinin, alpha 1 has been shown to interact with: CDK5R1, CDK5R2, Collagen, type XVII, alpha 1, GIPC1, PDLIM1, Protein kinase ... Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal ... Bunn RC, Jensen MA, Reed BC (1999). "Protein interactions with the glucose transporter binding protein GLUT1CBP that provide a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinin_alpha_1

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE1C ... Tat protein down-regulates CREB transcription factor expression in PC12 neuronal cells through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ ... 2006). "Subcellular localization and regulation of type-1C and type-5 phosphodiesterases". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 341 ( ... "Entrez Gene: PDE1C phosphodiesterase 1C, calmodulin-dependent 70kDa". Vandeput F, Wolda SL, Krall J, et al. (2007). "Cyclic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE1C

Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit (also known as Cav1.2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by ... When depolarization occurs, calcium ions flow through the channel and some bind to Calmodulin. The Calcium/Calmodulin binding ... Perets T, Blumenstein Y, Shistik E, Lotan I, Dascal N (Apr 1996). "A potential site of functional modulation by protein kinase ... This gene encodes an alpha-1 subunit of a voltage-dependent calcium channel. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cav1.2

positive regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity. • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase ... TrkB autophosphorylation is dependent upon its ligand-specific association with BDNF, a widely expressed activity-dependent ... triggering a calcium influx. Through a protein signaling cascade requiring Erk, CaM KII/IV, PI3K, and PLC, NMDA receptor ... Blockading BDNF signaling with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor or a PKC inhibitor in wild type mice produced significant reductions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDNF

S6 kinase, protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C, Cdc2, and/or a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase; b) moves to bind ... Aberrant expression of LOX5 is seen in various types of human cancer tumors in vivo as well as in various types of human cancer ... Hammarberg T, Reddy KV, Persson B, Rådmark O (2002). "Calcium binding to 5-lipoxygenase". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. Advances in ... ALOX5 binds with the F actin-binding protein, coactin-like protein. Based on in vitro studies, this protein binding serves to ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Lipoxygenase

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. References[edit]. .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em; ... These types of experiments have shown that different pathways are being activated or regulated depending on the location of the ... which contain residues that can be directly modified by a series of protein kinases and protein phosphatases, as well as ... "MHC class I immune proteins are critical for hippocampus-dependent memory and gate NMDAR-dependent hippocampal long-term ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMDA_receptor

"Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation drives synapse-associated protein 97 into spines". J. Biol. Chem ... "Ca2+/calmodulin-kinase II enhances channel conductance of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate type glutamate ... is the influx of calcium through the NMDA receptors and the resultant activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ( ... "Long-term potentiation is associated with an increased activity of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II". J. Biol. Chem ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMPAR

The encoded protein is a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein composed of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a ... "The tyrosine kinase substrate p120cas binds directly to E-cadherin but not to the adenomatous polyposis coli protein or alpha- ... "Entrez Gene: CDH1 cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin (epithelial)".. *^ Fleming TP, Papenbrock T, Fesenko I, Hausen P, Sheth B ( ... Li Z, Kim SH, Higgins JM, Brenner MB, Sacks DB (December 1999). "IQGAP1 and calmodulin modulate E-cadherin function". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDH1_

... which leads to hyperpolarization and relaxation Stimulates a cGMP-dependent protein kinase that activates myosin light chain ... Nitric oxide is mediated in mammals by the calcium-calmodulin controlled isoenzymes eNOS (endothelial NOS) and nNOS (neuronal ... It is synthesized by many cell types in response to cytokines and is an important factor in the response of the body to attack ... NOSs can be dimeric, calmodulin-dependent or calmodulin-containing cytochrome p450-like hemoprotein that combines reductase and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase

see MAP kinase pathway. Calcium. *Intracellular calcium-sensing proteins. *Calcineurin. *Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein ... type 1 angiotensin receptor binding. • protein complex binding. • signal transducer activity. • protein binding. • GTPase ... protein heterotrimerization. • Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway. • protein folding. • G-protein coupled ... phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. • retina development in camera-type eye. • Ras protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNB1

The increase in presynaptic calcium concentration activates calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK). CaMK ... The protein dense projections vary in size and shape depending on the type of synapse examined. One striking example of the ... Voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) Allows the rapid influx of calcium during an action potential. ... The protein ELKS binds to the cell adhesion protein, β-neurexin, and other proteins within the complex such as Piccolo and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_zone

... is phosphorylated by the calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase.[27] MAPKAPK2 (mitogen-activated-protein kinase-activating ... embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis. • social organism behavior. • cellular response to manganese ion. • response to ether ... that are phosphorylated by a variety of protein kinases.[12][25] Ser40 is phosphorylated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase.[ ... "Molecular cloning of cDNA coding for brain-specific 14-3-3 protein, a protein kinase-dependent activator of tyrosine and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine_3-monooxygenase

see MAP kinase pathway. Calcium. *Intracellular calcium-sensing proteins. *Calcineurin. *Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein ... Types of G protein signaling[edit]. G protein can refer to two distinct families of proteins. Heterotrimeric G proteins, ... Heterotrimeric G proteins[edit]. Main article: Heterotrimeric G proteins. Different types of heterotrimeric G proteins share a ... 3 Types of G protein signaling *3.1 Heterotrimeric G proteins *3.1.1 Common mechanism *3.1.1.1 Activation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-proteins

... but most prominently by Rho-dependent kinase and/or by the calcium-calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase, not only ... "Cleavage of human and mouse cytoskeletal and sarcomeric proteins by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease. Actin, desmin ... protein binding. • ADP binding. • protein membrane anchor. • actin-dependent ATPase activity. • calmodulin binding. • ATPase ... Other proteins that are known to interact with NM IIA include the actin binding protein tropomyosin 4.2 [26] and a novel actin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH9

It was regulated by Ca2+ via a calmodulin kinase II-dependent mechanism. Distant homologues may be present in plants, ciliates ... demonstrated that CLIC proteins have glutaredoxin-like glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase enzymatic activity. CLICs 1, 2 and ... Agnel, M.; Vermat, T.; Culouscou, J. M. (1999-07-23). "Identification of three novel members of the calcium-dependent chloride ... In terms of primary structure, they are unrelated to known cation channels or other types of anion channels. Three CLC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_channel

Calcium binds to proteins such as calmodulin (CaM) and an eye-specific protein kinase C (PKC) known as InaC. These proteins ... y-type) and other mutants that show a mosaic pigment pattern with some regions of the cuticle (wild type, y2-type).[69] The ... Sepia colored eyes are not dependent on the sex of the fly. The Sepia eye color decreases sexual activity in males and ... In addition, proteins called arrestins bind metarhodopsin and prevent it from activating more Gq. A sodium-calcium exchanger ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster

... in which calcium-modulated protein calmodulin (CaM) binds Ca2+, undergoes a change in conformation, and activates CaM kinase II ... Phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinasesEdit. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases (protein kinase A) are activated by ... Further effect depends on the type of G protein. G proteins are subsequently inactivated by GTPase activating proteins, known ... The G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are protein kinases that phosphorylate only active GPCRs.[53] G-protein-coupled ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptors

see MAP kinase pathway. Calcium. *Intracellular calcium-sensing proteins. *Calcineurin. *Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein ... Types[edit]. There are membrane-bound (type 1, guanylate cyclase-coupled receptor) and soluble (type 2, soluble guanylate ... Depending on cell type, it can drive adaptive/developmental changes requiring protein synthesis. In smooth muscle, cGMP is the ... Low concentrations of calcium cause the dimerization of RETGC-1 proteins through stimulation from guanylate cyclase-activating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanylate_cyclase

... protein kinase Cs, calmodulin-modulated myosin light chain kinase, RAF/MEK/Mitogen-activated protein kinases, PKC/Ca2+/ ... IP stimulates one or more of three types of G protein complexes, depending on cell type: a) Gs alpha subunit-Gβγ complexes ... G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. • inflammatory response. • positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion ... stimulates adenyl cyclase to raise intracellular levels of cAMP and thereby activate cAMP-regulated protein kinases A-dependent ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_receptor

"The tyrosine kinase substrate p120cas binds directly to E-cadherin but not to the adenomatous polyposis coli protein or alpha- ... "Entrez Gene: CDH1 cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin (epithelial)".. *↑ Fleming TP, Papenbrock T, Fesenko I, Hausen P, Sheth B ( ... Li Z, Kim SH, Higgins JM, Brenner MB, Sacks DB (December 1999). "IQGAP1 and calmodulin modulate E-cadherin function". J. Biol. ... Jiang MC, Liao CF, Tai CC (June 2002). "CAS/CSE 1 stimulates E-cadhrin-dependent cell polarity in HT-29 human colon epithelial ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-cadherina

... activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II can be cAMP dependent or independent.[15] ... Type of reinforcer Sources Opiates Psychostimulants High fat or sugar food Sexual intercourse Physical exercise. (aerobic) ... increasing intracellular calcium among other cAMP mediated processes. The D2 class of receptors produce the opposite effect, as ... cAMP mediated protein kinase A activity also results in the phosphorylation of DARPP-32, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_receptor

see MAP kinase pathway. Calcium. *Intracellular calcium-sensing proteins. *Calcineurin. *Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein ... which vary based on the type of cell. ... cAMP-dependent protein kinase), one of the first few kinases ... Main article: function of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. In humans, cAMP works by activating protein kinase A (PKA, ... an enzyme called protein kinase A (PKA).[12]. The PKA enzyme is also known as cAMP-dependent enzyme because it gets activated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMP-dependent_pathway

A calcium-calmodulin complex also acts to inhibit the binding of cAMP to the cAMP-dependent channel, thus contributing to ... in that cAMP works by directly binding to the ion channel rather than through activation of protein kinase A. It is similar to ... Because several receptor types are activated due to the different chemical features of the odorant, several glomeruli are ... In mammals, the odorants stimulate adenylate cyclase to synthesize cAMP via a G protein called Golf. cAMP, which is the second ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory

see MAP kinase pathway. Calcium. *Intracellular calcium-sensing proteins. *Calcineurin. *Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein ... Types[edit]. There are several different cyclins that are active in different parts of the cell cycle and that cause the Cdk to ... Cyclins, when bound with the dependent kinases, such as the p34/cdc2/cdk1 protein, form the maturation-promoting factor. MPFs ... is a family of proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin

Opening of the L-type calcium channel causes influx of extracellular Ca2+, which then binds calmodulin. The activated ... The intracellular β subunit (55 kDa) is an intracellular MAGUK-like protein (Membrane-Associated Guanylate Kinase) containing a ... Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), also known as voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), are a group of voltage-gated ... opening of the L-type calcium channel permits influx of calcium into the cell. The calcium binds to the calcium release ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_calcium_channel

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_muscles

It is a calcium-independent and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. This kinase is important for T-cell activation. It is ... Holmes AM (1996). "In vitro phosphorylation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein by protein kinase C: evidence ... kinase activity. • protein binding. • ATP binding. • protein serine/threonine kinase activity. • protein kinase activity. ... Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by the second ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKCθ

... suggesting that inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II may also be a potential treatment strategy.[15][16] ... which can be explained by decreased voltage-dependent calcium channel expression, specifically Ca(v)1.3, which is responsible ... Initially, a Glu1425Gly mutation in ANK2 was found to cause dominantly-inherited long QT syndrome, type 4, cardiac arrhythmia. ... Effects on ryanodine receptors specifically were also rescued by a potent Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANK2

Opening of the L-type calcium channel causes influx of extracellular Ca2+, which then binds calmodulin. The activated ... The intracellular β subunit (55 kDa) is an intracellular MAGUK-like protein (Membrane-Associated Guanylate Kinase) containing a ... Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), also known as voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), are a group of voltage-gated ... P-type calcium channel ("Purkinje") /Q-type calcium channel. HVA (high voltage activated). Cav2.1 (CACNA1A). α2δ, β, possibly γ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-dependent_calcium_channel

... through a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism". Biochem J. 466 (2): 379-390. doi:10.1042/bj20140881. PMID 25422863.. ... The effects of calcium on human cells are specific, meaning that different types of cells respond in different ways. However, ... and calmodulin, proteins that are necessary for promoting contraction in muscle. ... Activation of protein kinase C. Further reading: Function of protein kinase C. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_in_biology

Protein KinasesProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein ... Signaling Peptides and ProteinsCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ... Signaling Peptides and ProteinsCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ... Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II. *Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase II. *Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?Db=mesh&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=%22Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent+Protein+Kinase+Type+2%22%5BMeSH+Terms%5D

calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform 2 [Homo sapiens]. NCBI Reference Sequence: NP_ ... calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform 2 [Hom... calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ... The product of this gene belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinases family, and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein ... Transcript/Protein Information [PANTHER Classification System] Transcript/Protein Information. PANTHER Classification System ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_741960

... calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) in amphetamine-produced conditioned place preference (AMPH-CPP) in rats. An ... Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 * Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / drug effects* ... Roles of hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in amphetamine-produced ... calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) in amphetamine-produced conditioned place preference (AMPH-CPP) in rats. An ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17762518/?dopt=Abstract

... forms a highly conserved dodecameric assembly that is sensitive to the frequency of calcium pulse trains. Neither the structure ... Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 / chemistry* * Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 / ... Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) forms a highly conserved dodecameric assembly that is sensitive to the ... A mechanism for tunable autoinhibition in the structure of a human Ca2+/calmodulin- dependent kinase II holoenzyme Cell. 2011 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21884935/?dopt=Abstract

This indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein. Note that the protein existence evidence does ... View protein in PROSITE. PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 ... View protein in PROSITE. PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 ... Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II alpha, isoform CRA_aImported. ,p>Information which has been ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q7LDD5

... Daniels, Lorna Jane ... Cite this item: Daniels, L. J. (2017). The role of calcium calmodulin dependent protein kinase II in type 2 diabetic heart ... has shown that diabetic patients and mouse models of diabetes have an up-regulation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ... Type 2 diabetes is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with the landmark Framingham study in the 1970s ...

https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/handle/10523/7492

L-type calcium channel; MCU, mitochondria calcium uniporter; NCX, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger; NHE, Na+/H+ exchanger; PKA, protein ... Calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII): a main signal responsible for early reperfusion arrhythmias. J Mol ... In Vivo Post-Cardiac Arrest Myocardial Dysfunction Is Supported by Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II-Mediated Calcium ... E, Proposed mechanism for PMAD, mediated by calcium overload, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/134/13/961

... and CaMKII alpha and beta protein levels. In the hippocampus of Pb2+-exposed 50-day-old rats known to exhib ... we examined whether calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is affected by chronic developmental Pb2+ exposure ... Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII); NMDA receptor (NMDAR); Lead (Pb2+); Calcium signaling; Enzyme kinetics ... Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity and expression are altered in the hippocampus of Pb2+- exposed rats.. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20027079.html

... and BDNF-dependent mechanisms and their crosstalk in the hippocampus, including potential implications for the pathogenesis of ... dependent mechanisms and their crosstalk in the hippocampus, including potential implications for the pathogenesis of common ... tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB). This review addresses the effects of ELS paradigms on GC- and BDNF- ... tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB). This review addresses the effects of ELS paradigms on GC- ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2015.00068/full

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2: roles in signaling and pathophysiology. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(38):31658- ... Macroscopic raw traces of L-type calcium current comparing IV-3 against CRISPR-corrected IV-3. (H) Summary L-type calcium ... Regulation of voltage-dependent calcium channels by RGK proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013;1828(7):1644-1654.. View this ... L-type calcium current density increase revealed by patient-specific iPSC-CMs. (A) Representative macroscopic whole-cell L-type ...

https://jci.org/articles/view/94996

... the mechanisms that underlie experience-dependent transcriptional regulation of the rate-limiting serotonin biosynthetic enzyme ... Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / genetics*, metabolism. Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 / genetics*, ... EC 2.7.11.17/Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; EC 2.7.11.17/unc-43 protein, C elegans; EC 3.6.5.1/GTP-Binding ... Upstream of ADF, the Gqα protein EGL-30 facilitates training-dependent induction of tph-1 by functional regulation of olfactory ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Neuronal-Signaling-Pathway-CaMKII-Gq/23325232.html

CALCIUM/CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE I (EC 2.7.1.123). GN CMK1. 3. entry: SWISSPROT:KCC2_YEAST DE CALCIUM/ ... CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II (EC 2.7.1.123). GN CMK2. 4. entry: SWISSPROT:P2B1_YEAST DE PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2B ... calmodulin is an essential protein. MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Base Sequence MH - Calcium/METABOLISM MH - Calmodulin/* ... CALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEIN 1). GN CNA1 OR CMP1. 5. entry: SWISSPROT:P2B2_YEAST DE PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2B CATALYTIC SUBUNIT A2 ( ...

http://bio.net/bionet/mm/yeast/1993-December/000572.html

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases ... keywords = "Ca/CaM-dependent protein kinase II, Calcium, Calmodulin, Na-channel",. author = "Takeshi Aiba and Hesketh, { ... Na+ channel regulation by Ca2+/calmodulin and Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. ... Na+ channel regulation by Ca2+/calmodulin and Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/na-channel-regulation-by-ca2calmodulin-and-ca-2calmodulin-depende-4

Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signaling in the heart regulates cardiomyocyte contractility and growth in ... Therefore, CaMKIIδB may serve as a novel modulatory protein to enhance CPC survival and commitment into the cardiac and smooth ... CPCs undergoing early differentiation in vitro increase levels of CaMKIIδB in the nuclear compartment where the kinase may ... Dexamethasone (Dex) treatment increased mRNA and protein expression of cardiomyogenic markers cardiac troponin T and α-smooth ...

https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gq5819z

The role of calcium calmodulin dependent protein kinase II in type 2 diabetic cardiac dysfunction. Verbal presentation at the ... The role of calcium calmodulin dependent protein kinase II in type 2 diabetic cardiac dysfunction. Verbal presentation at the ... of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II restores contraction and relaxation in isolated cardiac muscle from type 2 diabetic ... of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II restores contraction and relaxation in isolated cardiac muscle from type 2 diabetic ...

https://www.otago.ac.nz/physiology/research/mit/mcdonald-lab/index.html

The role of calcium calmodulin dependent protein kinase II in type 2 diabetic cardiac dysfunction. Verbal presentation at the ... effect of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II on Cav1.2 Protein. Heart, Lung & Circulation, 26(Suppl. 2), (pp. S109). doi: ... of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 290(42), 25646-25656. doi: 10.1074/jbc. ... of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II restores contraction and relaxation in isolated cardiac muscle from type 2 diabetic ...

https://www.otago.ac.nz/physiology/research/crp/erickson-lab/

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase types II and IV differentially regulate CREB-dependent gene expression. Mol Cell ... Park IK, Soderling TR: Activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM-kinase) IV by CaM-kinase kinase in Jurkat T ... Enslen H, Soderling TR: Roles of calmodulin-dependent protein kinases and phosphatase in calcium-dependent transcription of ... molecular cloning and expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase. J Biol Chem270 :19320 -19324,1995. ...

http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/53/6/1475

CalciumIBA 06/2015. 1. Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2IBA 06/2015. ... Involvement of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase in leptin-induced sympathetic nerve activation.. ... the hypothalamus regulates hepatic autonomic nerve activity via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and AMP-activated protein kinase. ... Neuronal receptor activity-modifying protein 1 promotes energy expenditure in mice.. For more, sign up at right for free... ...

http://www.curehunter.com/public/authorSummary-Rahmouni,%20Kamal.do?keywordId=D020738

L-type calcium channel; CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein. ... When calcium/calmodulin-dependent calmodulin protein kinase II activity in the lumbar spinal cord after acute i.t. ... the increase in calcium/calmodulin-dependent calmodulin protein kinase II activity was not significant reduced in α7 KO mice ... Nicotinic Regulation of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Activation in the Spinal Cord. M. I. Damaj ...

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/320/1/244

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMK

Myc-DDK-tagged ORF clone of Homo sapiens calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (CAMK2D), transcript variant 2 as ... Product types:. - all types -. Antibodies. Assays & Kits. Blood products. cDNA clones. Cell lines. Cells & Human Biospecimens. ... home , products , origene , myc-ddk-tagged orf clone of homo sapiens calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii delta ( ... Myc-DDK-tagged ORF clone of Homo sapiens calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (CAMK2D), transcript variant 2 as ...

https://www.bioscience.co.uk/product~181676

Calcium/metabolism*. *Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism*. *Calmodulin/metabolism* ... Dendrite formation involves activation of Ca2+/Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) by CaM. Previous work showed that ... Dendrite formation involves activation of Ca2+/Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) by CaM. Previous work showed that ... Mentions: Stimulation of MEL receptors (MT1/2) causes PKC activation that has been shown to be involved in physiological ...

https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4307341_ijms-16-01907-g006a&req=4

CAMK4 is calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, that via phosphorylation, triggers the CaMKK-CaMK4 signaling cascade and ... MEF2 responds to multiple calcium-regulated signals in the control of skeletal muscle fiber type. Embo j 19, 1963-1973, https ... Profiling of human lymphocytes reveals a specific network of protein kinases modulated by endurance training status *Katharina ... Corepressor-dependent silencing of chromosomal regions encoding neuronal genes. Science (New York, N.Y.) 298, 1747-1752, https ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-20287-3?error=cookies_not_supported&code=b73f0412-1702-443a-9110-79610526a4b4

Hunting Increases Phosphorylation of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II in Adult Barn Owls. Grant S. Nichols ... "Axodendritic contacts onto calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II-expressing neurons in the barn owl auditory ... A. Hudmon and H. Schulman, "Neuronal CA2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II: the role of structure and autoregulation in ... "Deficient hippocampal long-term potentiation in alpha-calcium-calmodulin kinase II mutant mice," Science, vol. 257, no. 5067, ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/2015/819257/ref/

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism. *Disease Models, Animal ... Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism. *Disease Models, Animal ...

https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4379994_bht27305&req=4

... temporal and region-specific requirements of the beta isoform of Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 2 (CAMK2B) in ... temporal and region-specific requirements of the beta isoform of Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 2 (CAMK2B) in ... Kinase activity is not required for αCaMKII-dependent presynaptic plasticity at CA3-CA1 synapses *Mohammad Reza Hojjati ... Rights & permissionsfor article Kinase activity is not required for αCaMKII-dependent presynaptic plasticity at CA3-CA1 ...

http://www.nature.com/search?author=%22Ype%20Elgersma%22&error=cookies_not_supported&code=bb9974dd-d9b2-474d-aa47-25b46a78d6ca

... calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha 101168431 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II ... calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II [EC:2.7.11.17] K04515 CAMK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein ... calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II [EC:2.7.11.17] K04515 CAMK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein ... calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II [EC:2.7.11.17] K04515 CAMK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein ...

https://www.kegg.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?ola00001+101166216

... sensing serine/threonine-kinases. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is highly expressed in insulin secreting cells ... calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma and of beta-cell specific proteins such as the homeodomain factor pancreatic- ... This caused a loss of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta(2) expression at the mRNA and protein level, while ... To elucidate its function the antisense sequence of the major beta-cell subtype, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Ca2%2B%2Fcalmodulin-dependent-protein-kinase-II-delta2-Osterhoff-M%C3%B6hlig/fce47aabd856b02ad98fda5cde4d1264b44e7ab0

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases ... Mutational analysis of Ca2+-independent autophosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. In: Journal of ... Mutational analysis of Ca2+-independent autophosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. / Mukherji, ... title = "Mutational analysis of Ca2+-independent autophosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II", ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/mutational-analysis-of-ca2-independent-autophosphorylation-of-cal-2

Calcium Amino Acids Bearings (structural) Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ... T2 - Conformational changes induced by calmodulin-binding peptides from myosin light chain kinase and protein kinase II ... or calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMPK-II), respectively. Both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence data were ... or calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMPK-II), respectively. Both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence data were ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/fluorescence-analysis-of-calmodulin-mutants-containing-tryptophan

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) forms a highly conserved dodecameric assembly that is sensitive to the frequency of calcium pulse trains. (nih.gov)
We present the crystal structure of an autoinhibited full-length human CaMKII holoenzyme, revealing an unexpected compact arrangement of kinase domains docked against a central hub, with the calmodulin-binding sites completely inaccessible. (nih.gov)
Comparison of CaMKII isoforms, which differ in the length of the linker between the kinase domain and the hub, demonstrates that these interactions can be strengthened or weakened by changes in linker length. (nih.gov)
Recent evidence has shown that diabetic patients and mouse models of diabetes have an up-regulation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase delta (CaMKIIδ) activity. (otago.ac.nz)
CaMKIIδ is a multifunctional serine-threonine kinase expressed as four different genes that generate four isoforms (αβγδ) and a number of splice variants. (otago.ac.nz)
Upon CaMKIIδ activation is involved in coordination of the ion channels and Ca2+ handling proteins involved in excitation-contraction and excitation-transcription coupling in the myocardium. (otago.ac.nz)
Therefore, this thesis set out to investigate the role of CaMKIIδ in the type 2 diabetic heart and the potential therapeutic role for CaMKIIδ inhibitors. (otago.ac.nz)
To investigate whether CaMKIIδ activation is increased prior to systolic dysfunction in the type 2 diabetic heart western blots were carried out to measure the activation levels of CaMKIIδ in leptin-receptor-deficient 20-week-old male non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. (otago.ac.nz)
Western blots confirmed that there was no change in expression of CaMKIIδ (0.95 ± 0.08 vs 1.15 ± 0.10, nDM (n=8) vs DM (n=8) but CaMKIIδ phosphorylation was significantly increased in the DM animals (0.77 ± 0.13 vs 1.40 ± 0.26) indicating that CaMKIIδ activation was increased in the type 2 diabetic ZDF heart prior to systolic dysfunction. (otago.ac.nz)
To investigate the mechanisms behind the reduced contractility in the type 2 diabetic trabeculae and the effects of CaMKIIδ inhibition, cardiomyocytes were isolated from 18-19 week old male nDM (n=6) and DM (n=6) ZDF rats and loaded with Fluo-4AM and viewed under a confocal microscope to allow for the measurement of intracellular Ca2+ during and between transients. (otago.ac.nz)
Therefore the results from this study identify CaMKIIδ as a novel mediator of cardiac contractility in the type 2 diabetic heart, pre systolic dysfunction. (otago.ac.nz)
In the present study, we examined whether calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is affected by chronic developmental Pb2+ exposure. (cdc.gov)
The effects of Pb2+ exposure on rat hippocampal CaMKII were assessed by measuring CaMKII activity, phosphorylation of CaMKII at threonine-286, and CaMKII alpha and beta protein levels. (cdc.gov)
These Pb2+-induced changes in CaMKII activity could not be explained by changes in enzyme phosphorylation at threonine-286 or sensitivity to calmodulin. (cdc.gov)
Western blots of cytosolic and membrane fractions from hippocampus showed a significant decrease in the levels of CaMKII-beta but not alpha protein in the cytosolic fraction of Pb2+-exposed rats. (cdc.gov)
These findings indicate effects of developmental Pb2+ exposure on CaMKII, a component of calcium signaling associated with synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. (cdc.gov)
A neuronal signaling pathway of CaMKII and Gqα regulates experience-dependent transcription of tph-1. (biomedsearch.com)
At the molecular level, the C. elegans homolog of CaMKII, UNC-43, functions cell-autonomously in ADF neurons to generate training-dependent enhancement in neuronal activity and tph-1 transcription, and this cell-autonomous function of UNC-43 is required for learning. (biomedsearch.com)
Ca 2+ /CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) regulates Ca 2+ handling, and chronic overactivity of CaMKII is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction and lethal arrhythmias. (elsevier.com)
These CaMKII-induced changes of Na + channel gating were completely abolished by a specific CaMKII inhibitor, autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide (AIP). (elsevier.com)
On the other hand, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A inhibitors did not abolish the CaM/CaMKII-induced alterations of INa function.Conclusion Ca 2+ /CaM and CaMKII have distinct effects on the inactivation phenotype of cardiac Na + channels. (elsevier.com)
Ca(2+)/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signaling in the heart regulates cardiomyocyte contractility and growth in response to elevated intracellular Ca(2+). (escholarship.org)
CPCs undergoing early differentiation in vitro increase levels of CaMKIIδB in the nuclear compartment where the kinase may contribute to the regulation of CPC commitment. (escholarship.org)
Therefore, CaMKIIδB may serve as a novel modulatory protein to enhance CPC survival and commitment into the cardiac and smooth muscle lineages. (escholarship.org)
CaMKIIδ mediates β-adrenergic effects on RyR2 phosphorylation and SR Ca 2 + leak and the pathophysiological response to chronic β-adrenergic stimulation. (otago.ac.nz)
Dendrite formation involves activation of Ca2+/Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) by CaM. (nih.gov)
Moreover, autophosphorylation of CaMKII and PKC was increased in presence of MEL, as well as phosphorylation of ERK1/2. (nih.gov)
Members of the CAMK enzyme class include, but are not limited to: CAMKI CAMKIα (CAMK1) CAMKIβ (PNCK) CAMKIδ CAMKIγ (CAMK1G) CAMKII CAMKIIα CAMKIIβ CAMKIIδ CAMKIIγ CAMKIII CAMKIV CAMKV CaM kinase like vesicle associated SCAMK Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase CAMKK1 CAMKK2 Pseudokinases are pseudoenzymes, proteins that resemble enzymes structurally, but lack catalytic activity. (wikipedia.org)
Beta-adrenergic (β-AR) tone is known to increase this leak through the activation of Ca-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) and the subsequent phosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor. (elsevier.com)
When b-AR drive is chronic, as observed in heart failure, this CaMKII-dependent effect is exaggerated and becomes potentially arrhythmogenic. (elsevier.com)
We demonstrate that stimulation of the β-AR pathway by isoproterenol increased the CaMKII-dependent SR Ca 2+ leak. (elsevier.com)
In ventricular myocytes isolated from wild-type mice, isoproterenol stimulation also increased the CaMKII-dependent leak. (elsevier.com)
Aberrant calcium handling, including increased activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), contributes to arrhythmia development during HF. (elsevier.com)
Mice deficient for the gene encoding α-calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II (α-CaMKII knockout mice) provide a promising tool to link behavioral and cellular abnormalities with a specific molecular lesion. (elsevier.com)
The major binding species was a doublet at 50-60 kDa, which was identified as calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) by N-terminal peptide analysis and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry as the δ- and β-like isoforms. (edu.au)
To investigate CaMKII involvement in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were infected with retrovirus encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP)-hemagluttinin tag (HA)-tagged CaMKII wild-type or the ATP binding mutant, K42M. (edu.au)
GFP-HA-CaMKII K42M cells had less kinase activity than cells expressing wild-type GFP-HA-CaMKII. (edu.au)
Further quantitative immunoblotting indicated that CaMKIId is highly expressed in the vasculature and initial results suggest some alterations in ox-CaMKII protein levels with ageing, parallel to that observed in the heart. (strath.ac.uk)
A cultured macaque choroid-retinal endothelial cell line (RF/6A) was incubated in normal glucose (NG), NG plus the Ca 2+ entry blocker 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), high glucose (HG), or HG plus either 2-APB, the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125, or the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor KN93. (molvis.org)
Expression levels of CaMKII, phosphorylated CaMKII (p-CaMKII), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK), the death receptor (Fas), and cytochrome c were detected by western blotting analysis. (molvis.org)
HG-induced apoptosis in RF/6A cells depends on Ca 2+ entry and CaMKII activation, leading to the activation of both Fas-dependent and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways. (molvis.org)
Recently, it was demonstrated that CaMKII is essential for both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis through the death receptor Fas, and for mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. (molvis.org)
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is upregulated in diabetes and significantly contributes to cardiac remodeling with increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. (elsevier.com)
Activation of CaMKII occurs downstream of neurohormonal stimulation (e.g. via G-protein coupled receptors) and involve various posttranslational modifications including autophosphorylation, oxidation, S-nitrosylation and O-GlcNAcylation. (elsevier.com)
We also briefly summarize preclinical studies using kinase inhibitors and genetically modified mice targeting CaMKII in diabetes. (elsevier.com)
The enzyme Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is widely distributed in the nervous system. (utmb.edu)
Percentages of single-labeled L4 DRG neurons were 41% ± 2% CaMKIIα 38% ± 3% I-B4, 44% ± 3% CGRP, and 32% ± 6% VR1. (utmb.edu)
Percentages of single-labeled L5 DRG neurons were 44% ± 5% CaMKIIα, 48% ± 2% I-B4, 41% ± 7% CGRP, and 39% ± 14% VR1. (utmb.edu)
For L4 and L5, respectively, estimates of double-labeled CaMKIIα neurons showed 34% ± 2% and 38% ± 17% labeled for I-B4, 25% ± 14% and 19% ± 10% labeled for CGRP, and 37% ± 7% and 38% ± 5% labeled for VR1. (utmb.edu)
In our RyR2 R4496C+/- knock-in mouse model of CPVT we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) counteracts the effects of adrenergic stimulation resulting in an antiarrhythmic activity. (elsevier.com)
In ventricular myocytes isolated from the hearts of RyR2 R4496C+/- mice, CaMKII inhibition with an autocamtide-2 related inhibitory peptide or with KN-93 blunted triggered activity and transient inward currents induced by isoproterenol. (elsevier.com)
5 Notably, this pathway could only be activated by Ca 2+ from local InsP 3 R (not global Ca 2+ transients), presumably because calmodulin and CaMKII physically associate with the InsP 3 R at the NucEn. (ahajournals.org)
Amphetamine exposure transiently increases Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) α expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) shell and this persistently increases local GluA1 S831 phosphorylation and enhances behavioral responding to the drug. (researchwithnj.com)
As expected, transient expression of CaMKIIα K42M in the NAcc shell produced a corresponding transient increase in CaMKIIα and decrease in pCaMKIIα (T286) protein levels in this site. (researchwithnj.com)
Whereas increased Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity has been proposed to contribute to SR leak and AF induction, downstream targets of CaMKII remain controversial. (ahajournals.org)
To test the hypothesis that inhibition of CaMKII-phosphorylated type-2 ryanodine receptors (RyR2) prevents AF initiation in FKBP12.6-deficient (−/−) mice. (ahajournals.org)
3 This has been attributed to increased S2808 phosphorylation on RyR2 by protein kinase A, 3 decreased levels of FK506-binding protein 12.6 (FKBP12.6) binding to RyR2, 3 and increased Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation of RyR2 at S2814. (ahajournals.org)

We now show, through manipulation of intracellular [Ca2+] and the use of protein kinase inhibitors, that both protein kinase Calpha and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II are involved in the phosphorylation of Tiam1 in vivo. (elsevier.com)
Targeting the ligand, VEGF, with humanized neutralizing monoclonal antibody, or the receptors with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, are promising cancer therapy approaches [ 5 - 8 ]. (oncotarget.com)
In primary cortical neurons, BDNF elicited phosphorylation of AKT and p70S6 kinase is attenuated in the presence of myelin inhibitors. (jneurosci.org)
Furthermore, inhibition of JNK and the calcium signaling including the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II by either pharmacological inhibitors or their specific small interfering RNAs reversed CpG-induced protection against Vpr(52-96)-mediated apoptosis. (jimmunol.org)
Here, we describe in full detail the application of the method to identify targets of kinase inhibitors and immunophilin binders. (pnas.org)

The neurotrophin and GC-signaling pathways co-exist throughout the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in the hippocampus, which has high expression levels of glucocorticoid-receptors (GR) and mineralocorticoid-receptors (MR) as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB). (frontiersin.org)
Angiotensin type 1a receptors in the forebrain subfornical organ facilitate leptin-induced weight loss through brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. (curehunter.com)
Furthermore, our findings indicate that nicotinic stimulation of β 2 -containing acetylcholine nicotinic receptors in the spinal cord can activate calcium/calmodulin-dependent calmodulin protein kinase II and produce nicotinic analgesia, which may require L-type calcium voltage and gated channels but not the intervention of glutamatergic transmission. (aspetjournals.org)
Also, PKC inhibition abolished dendritogenesis, while luzindole, an antagonist of MEL receptors (MT1/2), partially blocked the effects of MEL. (nih.gov)
Dendritogenesis elicited by MEL also required PKC activation, and signaling through MT1/2 receptors was partially involved. (nih.gov)
To evaluate the involvement of MEL receptors, hippocampal organotypic cultures were incubated with the MT1/2 receptor antagonist, luzindole. (nih.gov)
Stimulation of MEL receptors (MT1/2) causes PKC activation that has been shown to be involved in physiological responses such as phase shifts in circadian rhythms [39]. (nih.gov)
Spontaneous calcium waves in cardiac myocytes are caused by diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum release (SR Ca 2+ leak) through ryanodine receptors. (elsevier.com)
PLC proteins can be activated by the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) or G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) in response to the different extracellular stimuli including hormones and growth factors. (jcancer.org)
VEGF-A is the major angiogenic factor that activates VEGF receptors (VEGFR)-1 and -2 on endothelial cells. (oncotarget.com)
Mice lacking protein kinase Cε (PKCε) are supersensitive to positive allosteric modulators of gamma aminobutyrate type A (GABA A ) receptors. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Evidence suggests that neural major histocompatibility complex class 1 (MHC1) molecules and their receptors function in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and structural modification of synaptic connections ( Boulanger, 2009 ). (jneurosci.org)
2 Previous studies revealed a higher open probability of type-2 ryanodine receptors (RyR2) isolated from dogs with chronic AF. (ahajournals.org)
Molecular signatures of G-protein-coupled receptors. (painresearchforum.org)

Lorecivivint, a Novel Intraarticular CDC-Like Kinase 2 and Dual-Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinase 1A Inhibitor and Wnt Pathway Modulator for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Phase II Randomized Trial. (escholarship.org)
This effect of calcium is completely blocked by exposure to a Ca 2+ /calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (CaM-K) inhibitor ( 10 ) and thus suggests that the actions of calcium on the insulin gene are mediated in part by Ca 2+ /CaM-Ks. (diabetesjournals.org)
Since the CaM-K inhibitor blocked calcium stimulation of insulin gene transcription ( 10 ), this finding suggests the participation of CaM-Ks in glucose control of the gene. (diabetesjournals.org)
Chronic treatment with an L-type calcium channel blocker (nifedipine) or CaM kinase inhibitor (KN93) decreased dopamine transporter-mediated uptake and occluded the effects of tetrodotoxin and 4-aminopyridine. (elsevier.com)
Olomoucine is known as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. (edu.au)
Furthermore, HG increased JNK phosphorylation and Fas expression, and both responses were partially blocked by 2-APB and KN93, while the JNK inhibitor SP600125 partially reduced HG-induced Fas expression. (molvis.org)
Pretreatment with KN-93, a specific CaM kinase II inhibitor, attenuated both thrombin-induced increases in monolayer permeability to albumin and decreases in transendothelial electrical resistance (TER). (elsevier.com)
Herein we aimed to evaluate the antitumor and antiangiogenic potential of a novel pyrazolyl-urea kinase inhibitor, GeGe3, and to identify its kinase targets. (oncotarget.com)
The present study examined the effects of N- hydroxy- N ′-(4-butyl-2 methylphenyl) formamidine (HET0016), a selective inhibitor of the formation of 20-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (20-HETE) on the growth of 9L rat gliosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. (aspetjournals.org)
This was abolished by the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor KN93, suggesting that Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ, a target of miR-145 and up-regulated in Dicer KO, plays a role in the regulation of L-type channel expression. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Moreover, CpG selectively induced the antiapoptotic cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (c-IAP)-2 protein and inhibition of the c-IAP-2 gene by either specific small interfering RNA or synthetic second mitochondrial activator of caspases mimetic reversed CpG-induced resistance against Vpr(52-96)-mediated apoptosis. (jimmunol.org)

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinase which acts as a positive regulator of apoptosis. (abcam.com)

The peptides RS20F and RS20CK correspond to CaM-binding amino acid sequence segments of either nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) or calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMPK-II), respectively. (elsevier.com)
Steady-state fluorescence intensity measurements indicated that, in the presence of an excess of calcium, both peptides bind to the calmodulin mutants with a 1:1 stoichiometry. (elsevier.com)
Both peptides induced similar changes in the fluorescence properties of the tryptophan residues located in the calcium-binding loops, with the exception of calmodulin with Trp-135. (elsevier.com)
Prendergast, Franklyn G. / Fluorescence analysis of calmodulin mutants containing tryptophan : Conformational changes induced by calmodulin-binding peptides from myosin light chain kinase and protein kinase II . (elsevier.com)

however, the mechanisms that underlie experience-dependent transcriptional regulation of the rate-limiting serotonin biosynthetic enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) are poorly understood. (biomedsearch.com)
Upstream of ADF, the Gqα protein EGL-30 facilitates training-dependent induction of tph-1 by functional regulation of olfactory sensory neurons, which underscores the importance of sensory experience. (biomedsearch.com)
Multi-functional CAM Kinases have multiple targets they can phosphorylate and are found in processes including the secretion of neurotransmitters, metabolism of glycogen, and the regulation of various transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
Calcium regulation of neuronal gene expression," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 98, no. 20, pp. 11024-11031, 2001. (hindawi.com)
Up regulation of cAMP response element-mediated gene expression during experience-dependent plasticity in adult neocortex," Journal of Neuroscience , vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 4206-4216, 2000. (hindawi.com)
Padmanabhan, S , Lambert, NA & Prasad, BM 2008, ' Activity-dependent regulation of the dopamine transporter is mediated by Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase signaling ', European Journal of Neuroscience , vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 2017-2027. (elsevier.com)
Klee CB, Ren H, Wang X (1998) Regulation of the calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase, calcineurin. (springer.com)
Garcia, Joe G N. / Regulation of endothelial cell barrier function by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II . (elsevier.com)
Biochemical analysis of these kinases showed DMPK1 regulation upon VEGF challenge. (oncotarget.com)
The pathway maps illustrate protein interactions and regulation to provide a comprehensive picture of signaling and disease processes. (bio-rad.com)
We additionally identify regulation of the phosphorylation of several calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CAMKs), including 2 sites of CAMK type II-gamma (CAMK2G), a protein known to regulate apoptosis. (diva-portal.org)
This enzyme is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase with limited tissue distribution, that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation in lymphocytes, neurons and male germ cells. (genecards.org)
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase involved in the regulation of Ca(2+) homeostatis and excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) in heart by targeting ion channels, transporters and accessory proteins involved in Ca(2+) influx into the myocyte, Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), SR Ca(2+) uptake and Na(+) and K(+) channel transport. (cusabio.com)
These results show that microRNAs play a crucial role in stretch-induced contractile differentiation in the vascular wall in part via miR-145-dependent regulation of L-type calcium channels. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II restores contraction and relaxation in isolated cardiac muscle from type 2 diabetic rats. (otago.ac.nz)
S -nitrosylation induces both autonomous activation and inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ. (otago.ac.nz)
Conversely, TNF-α- or SeV-induced type I interferon response increased when sorcin knocked down, leading to inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication. (frontiersin.org)
This suggests that NgR1 and PirB participate in ligand-dependent inhibition of synaptic plasticity. (jneurosci.org)
Basal and stretch-induced L-type calcium channel expressions were both decreased in Dicer KO portal veins, and inhibition of L-type channels in control vessels mimicked the effects of Dicer deletion. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Furthermore, inhibition of miR-145, a highly expressed microRNA in smooth muscle, resulted in a similar reduction of L-type calcium channel expression. (sigmaaldrich.com)

By focusing on specific protein classes (e.g., kinases), this paradigm of drug discovery routinely uses in vitro assays with recombinant proteins in binding or biochemical assays (refs. (pnas.org)

Aims Calmodulin (CaM) regulates Na + channel gating through binding to an IQ-like motif in the C-terminus. (elsevier.com)
Leptin receptor signaling in the hypothalamus regulates hepatic autonomic nerve activity via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and AMP-activated protein kinase. (curehunter.com)
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta2 regulates gene expression of insulin in INS-1 rat insulinoma cells. (semanticscholar.org)
Exton, J H. / Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II regulates Tiam1 by reversible protein phosphorylation . (elsevier.com)
Spontaneous calcium activity in metanephric mesenchymal cells regulates branching morphogenesis in the embryonic kidney. (diva-portal.org)
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that operates in the calcium-triggered CaMKK-CaMK4 signaling cascade and regulates, mainly by phosphorylation, the activity of several transcription activators, such as CREB1, MEF2D, JUN and RORA, which play pivotal roles in immune response, inflammation, and memory consolidation. (genecards.org)

To do this a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (db/db) (n=8) alongside nDM control mice (n=11) were injected with KN93 (10 μmol/kg) every other day from the age of 14 to 18 weeks of age. (otago.ac.nz)
Neuronal receptor activity-modifying protein 1 promotes energy expenditure in mice. (curehunter.com)
The antinociceptive effects of i.t. nicotine in the tail-flick test did not significantly differ in wild-type and α 7 knockout (KO) animals but were lost in β 2 knockout mice. (aspetjournals.org)
When calcium/calmodulin-dependent calmodulin protein kinase II activity in the lumbar spinal cord after acute i.t. administration of nicotine was investigated in wild-type and β 2 and α 7 knockout mice, the increase in calcium/calmodulin-dependent calmodulin protein kinase II activity was not significant reduced in α 7 KO mice but was eliminated in the β 2 KO mice. (aspetjournals.org)
Importantly, splenocytes from sorcin −/− mice produced more IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ than that of littermate controls (sorcin +/+ ) in response to anti-CD3/28 stimulation. (frontiersin.org)
Measurements of nuclear and cytosolic Ca 2+ transients in IP 3 sponge mice showed no increase of Ca 2+ levels during diastole as we detected in wild-type mice. (springer.com)
Nuclei, isolated from ventricular myocytes of mice after chronic Ang II treatment, showed an elevation of IP 3 R2 expression which was dependent on calcineurin/NFAT signaling and persisted for 3 weeks after removal of the Ang II stimulus. (springer.com)
Treatment of PKCε-null mice with the GABA A receptor antagonist bicuculline restored corticosterone levels and anxiety-like behavior to wild-type levels. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Moreover, several single gene mutations alter anxiety-like behavior in mice, including null mutations in the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor-1 ( 7 , 8 ), the glucocorticoid receptor ( 9 ), the α subunit of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II ( 10 ), and protein kinase Cγ (PKCγ) ( 11 ), which all reduce anxiety-related behaviors. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
In contrast, null mutations in glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65 ( 12 ), which synthesizes gamma aminobutyrate (GABA), the GABA type A (GABA A ) receptor γ2 subunit ( 13 ), CRF receptor-2 ( 14 , 15 ), and the serotonin 5-HT 1A receptor ( 16 - 18 ) increase anxiety-like behavior in mice. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
These mice are similar in length and weight to wild-type littermates, behave normally in their home cage, and show no compensatory changes in the abundance of other PKC isozymes in the nervous system ( 20 , 21 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
In acute hippocampal slices of adult mice, Nogo-66 and OMgp suppress NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) when locally applied to Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. (jneurosci.org)
Shibata, "Mutant mice lacking ryanodine receptor type 3 exhibit deficits of contextual fear conditioning and activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the hippocampus," Brain Research. (thefreedictionary.com)
Mice lacking RyR2-stabilizing subunit FKBP12.6 had a higher incidence of spontaneous and pacing-induced AF compared with wild-type mice. (ahajournals.org)

See 5 reference sequence protein isoforms for the CAMK2A gene. (nih.gov)
p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence. (uniprot.org)
7. entry: EMBL:DMVASA2 DE Drosophila melanogaster vasa gene segment 2 (exons 3 to 7) 8. (bio.net)
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK5R2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a neuron-specific activator of CDK5 kinase. (wikipedia.org)
Protein kinase C and calcium/calmodulin-activated protein kinase II (CaMK II) suppress nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene expression in mammalian muscle. (elsevier.com)
Carlton, SM & Hargett, GL 2002, ' Stereological analysis of Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα-containing dorsal root ganglion neurons in the rat: Colocalization with isolectin Griffonia Simplicifolia, calcitonin gene-related peptide, or vanilloid receptor 1 ', Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol. 448, no. 1, pp. 102-110. (utmb.edu)
Hargett, Gregory L. / Stereological analysis of Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα-containing dorsal root ganglion neurons in the rat : Colocalization with isolectin Griffonia Simplicifolia, calcitonin gene-related peptide, or vanilloid receptor 1 . (utmb.edu)
The product of this gene belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family, and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. (genecards.org)
CAMK4 (Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase IV) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
GO annotations related to this gene include transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups and protein tyrosine kinase activity . (genecards.org)
Purified Pak1 kinase promotes the phosphorylation of the Snf1 polypeptide on threonine 210 within the activation loop in vitro, and an increased dosage of the PAK1 gene causes increased Snf1 threonine 210 phosphorylation in vivo. (asm.org)
Deletion of the PAK1 gene does not produce a Snf phenotype, suggesting that one or more additional protein kinases is able to activate Snf1 in vivo. (asm.org)
Prion Protein Gene M129V Polymorphism and Variability in Age at Migraine Onset. (painresearchforum.org)
Both gene sets were significantly enriched in predicted secreted proteins, including potential signaling components and proteins that might contribute to reinforcing, modifying, or remodeling the structure of the extracellular matrix during pollination. (plantphysiol.org)
However, both types of cells are difficult to isolate by conventional microdissection methods in the numbers required for gene expression profiling. (plantphysiol.org)

The abundantly expressed calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2), alpha (CAMK2A), and beta (CAMK2B) isoforms are essential for learning and memory formation. (eur.nl)

We have identified a significantly narrower SC in oocytes and have established that this difference does not arise from a different organization of the lateral elements nor from a different isoform of transverse filament protein SYCP1. (diva-portal.org)

The altered neuronal activity caused by these two drugs is accompanied by changes in intracellular calcium concentrations and Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein (CaM) kinase II activity in dopamine neurons. (elsevier.com)

These kinases belong to a diverse group of enzymes that participate in many cellular responses and are activated by increasing concentrations of intracellular Ca 2+ . (diabetesjournals.org)
Previous work showed that MEL increased the synthesis and translocation of CaM, suggesting that MEL activates CaM-dependent enzymes by this pathway. (nih.gov)
CAMK, also written as CaMK, is an abbreviation for the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase class of enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
When activated, the enzymes transfer phosphates from ATP to defined serine or threonine residues in other proteins, so they are serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. (wikipedia.org)
Although importance of PLC enzymes for key cellular functions is well established, the PLC proteins belonging to the ε, ζ and η subfamilies were identified and characterized only during the last decade. (jcancer.org)

This study aims to elucidate Ca 2+ -dependent signaling mechanisms that mediate hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis in RECs. (molvis.org)
Enhanced apoptosis was blocked by 2-APB and KN93. (molvis.org)
These early signs of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis were partially reversed by 2-APB and KN93. (molvis.org)
Subsaturating concentration of ouabain triggers intracellular calcium oscillations, stimulates cell proliferation and adhesion, and protects from apoptosis. (diva-portal.org)
CAMK2G knockdown impaired ouabain-dependent protection from apoptosis upon treatment with high glucose or serum deprivation. (diva-portal.org)
After 48 h of incubation, HET0016 reduced the proliferation of 9L in vitro by 55%, and this was associated with a fall in p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase phosphorylation and increased apoptosis. (aspetjournals.org)
Using HIV-viral protein R (Vpr)(52-96) peptide as a model apoptosis-inducing agent, we demonstrated that unlike monocyte-derived macrophages, undifferentiated primary human monocytes and promonocytic THP-1 cells are highly susceptible to Vpr(52-96)-induced apoptosis. (jimmunol.org)

The budding yeast Snf1 kinase and mammalian AMPK are orthologous proteins, and they play similar roles in controlling cellular metabolism. (asm.org)

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity and expression are altered in the hippocampus of Pb2+- exposed rats. (cdc.gov)
This review addresses the effects of ELS paradigms on GC- and BDNF-dependent mechanisms and their crosstalk in the hippocampus, including potential implications for the pathogenesis of common stress-related disorders. (frontiersin.org)
In this mini-review we present the effects of ELS on GC- and BDNF-dependent mechanisms in the hippocampus using primarily evidence from ELS animal models. (frontiersin.org)
Melatonin stimulates dendrite formation and complexity in the hilar zone of the rat hippocampus: participation of the Ca++/Calmodulin complex. (nih.gov)

abstract = "A number of guanine nucleotide exchange factors have been identified that activate Rho family GTPases, by promoting the binding of GTP to these proteins. (elsevier.com)
abstract = "Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (CaMKIId) plays a fundamental role in cardiac dysfunction and is known to be overexpressed and hyper-activated in the diseased heart. (strath.ac.uk)

Peptide-induced conformational changes in five isofunctional mutants of calmodulin (CaM), each bearing a single tryptophan residue either at the seventh position of each of the four calcium-binding loops (i.e., amino acids 26, 62, 99, and 135) or in the central helix (amino acid 81) were studied by using fluorescence spectroscopy. (elsevier.com)

Whole-cell, voltage-clamp experiments were performed in human endothelial kidney 293 cells coexpressing wild-type or mutant KCNQ1 and KCNE1 (auxiliary subunit) during ISO treatment or lentiviral δCaMKII overexpression. (elsevier.com)
Prolonged hyperglycemia is known to increase intracellular cytosolic free calcium ([Ca 2+ ]i) in retinal vascular endothelial cells (RECs), suggesting that [Ca 2+ ]i is a critical trigger for microvascular degeneration. (molvis.org)
Thrombin-induced endothelial cell barrier dysfunction is tightly linked to Ca 2+ -dependent cytoskeletal protein reorganization. (elsevier.com)
Together, these studies indicate that CaM kinase II activation and filamin phosphorylation may participate in thrombin-induced cytoskeletal reorganization and endothelial barrier dysfunction. (elsevier.com)
Tumor angiogenesis depends on angiogenic factors and the transduction of their signals in endothelial cells [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Extensive expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A during tumor growth was reported for several tumor types [ 3 , 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Elevated glucose concentrations stimulate the transcription of the insulin and several other genes that regulate glucose homeostasis ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Human studies have detected associations between panic disorder and polymorphisms in genes for MAO-A ( 2 ), the adenosine A2a receptor ( 3 ), and cholecystokinin ( 4 , 5 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
In the nucleus, phosphorylates the MEF2 repressor HDAC4, promoting its nuclear export and binding to 14-3-3 protein, and expression of MEF2 and genes involved in the hypertrophic program. (cusabio.com)
In order to identify these genes, we used the Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) ATH1 microarray to compare the whole-genome transcriptional profiles of stigmas and ovaries isolated from wild-type Arabidopsis and from transgenic plants in which cells of the stigma epidermis and transmitting tract were specifically ablated by expression of a cellular toxin. (plantphysiol.org)

Silencing the catalytic site of the CAMK2G p.Arg292Pro protein reversed the pathogenic effect of the p.Arg292Pro mutation on neuronal maturation, without rescuing its nuclear targeting. (eur.nl)
These data suggest that neuronal activity can regulate dopamine transporter function and abundance via calcium/CaM kinase II signaling. (elsevier.com)
Loss of NgR1 leads to increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), signaling intermediates known to regulate neuronal growth and synaptic function. (jneurosci.org)
Early in postnatal development a number of refinement processes sculpt neuronal connectivity in an experience-dependent manner. (jneurosci.org)
Beyond the CP, use-dependent changes in neuronal connectivity are less pronounced. (jneurosci.org)
Components of the Nogo receptor (NgR1) complex have been implicated in activity-dependent refinement of neuronal connectivity in the healthy CNS. (jneurosci.org)

Over the past 15 years or so, numerous studies have sought to characterise how nuclear calcium (Ca 2+ ) signals are generated and reversed, and to understand how events that occur in the nucleoplasm influence cellular Ca 2+ activity, and vice versa. (biologists.org)
As a largest known PLC protein, PLCε is involved in a variety of signaling pathways and controls different cellular properties. (jcancer.org)
IP3 stimulates Ca 2+ signaling and DAG acts through protein kinase C (PKC) leading to different cellular events, such as proliferation, growth and migration. (jcancer.org)
Our previous report showed that foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 inhibited TNF-α- and SeV-induced type I interferon response via interaction with cellular protein soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein (sorcin). (frontiersin.org)
Our recent publication shows that VP1 inhibits TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB and type I interferon promoters via interaction with cellular protein soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein (sorcin) ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Our previous report showed that sorcin inhibited TNF-α- or SeV-induced activation of type I interferon and NF-κB promoters ( 3 ), revealing a novel role of sorcin as an important cellular regulator for host response. (frontiersin.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Hierarchical clustering revealed that ouabain triggers a structured phosphorylation response that occurs in a well-defined, time-dependent manner and affects specific cellular processes, including cell proliferation and cell-cell junctions. (diva-portal.org)
Martinez,IM, Chrispeels,MJ: Genomic analysis of the unfolded protein response in Arabidopsis shows its connection to important cellular processes. (amazonaws.com)

2. The Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine. (jcancer.org)
From the standpoint of drug safety and efficacy, unbiased identification of proteins and associated molecular complexes that bind to a drug allows direct evaluation of its polypharmacology ( 4 ) and provides valuable insight into its mode of action and avenues for compound optimization. (pnas.org)

Furthermore, we show that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylates Tiam1 in vitro, producing an electrophoretic retardation on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (elsevier.com)
Furthermore, Tiam1 was preferentially dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 1 in vitro, and treatment with this phosphatase abolished the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activation of Tiam1. (elsevier.com)
These data demonstrate that protein kinase Calpha and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylate Tiam1 in vivo, and that the latter kinase plays a key role in regulating the activity of this exchange factor in vitro. (elsevier.com)
Snf1 kinase complexes isolated from pak1 Δ mutant strains show reduced specific activity in vitro, and affinity-purified Pak1 kinase is able to activate the Snf1-dependent phosphorylation of Mig1 in vitro. (asm.org)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the hypothesis that the β 2 nicotinic receptor subunit plays a central role in nicotine-induced spinal antinociception via calcium/calmodulin-dependent calmodulin protein kinase II activation. (aspetjournals.org)

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II - does ageing mirror disease? (strath.ac.uk)

There are two multifunctional CaM-Ks, named CaM-KI and -IV, which are activated by an upstream CaM-K kinase (CaM-KK) through phosphorylation of a threonine residue within the active loop of the protein. (diabetesjournals.org)
Therefore, Snf1 kinase must be activated by an upstream kinase. (asm.org)

Analysis of the tryptophan fluorescence decay of the last mentioned calmodulins supports a model in which the equilibrium between two (Trp-99) or three (Trp-62) states of these tryptophan residues, each characterized by a different lifetime, was altered toward the blue-shifted short lifetime component upon peptide binding. (elsevier.com)
Fluorescence recovery after photobleach (FRAP) was measured using the low-affinity Ca 2+ indicator Fluo-5N trapped inside the SR and NucEn (where its fluorescence is high because [Ca 2+ ] is &1 mmol/L). After Fluo-5N photobleach in one end of the cell, FRAP occurred, accompanied by fluorescence decline in the unbleached end with similar time constants (τ&2 minutes) until fluorescence regained spatial uniformity. (ahajournals.org)

Taken together, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that increases in intracellular calcium result in activation of calcium-mediated second messengers in the spinal cord that play an important role in nicotine-induced antinociception as measured in the tail-flick test. (aspetjournals.org)
CAMKs are activated by increases in the concentration of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) and calmodulin. (wikipedia.org)

CAMK1D encodes a member of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1 subfamily of serine/threonine kinases. (antikoerper-online.de)
DAP kinase subfamily. (abcam.com)

It differs from other enzyme subtypes in that it lacks a phosphorylatable activation domain that can respond to CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE. (nih.gov)
In this study, we examined the role of the Ca 2+ /calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (CaM-K) cascade in transcriptional activation of insulin. (diabetesjournals.org)
Involvement of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase in leptin-induced sympathetic nerve activation. (curehunter.com)
Figure 1 shows how the presence of calcium or calmodulin allows for the activation of CAM kinases (CAMK II). (wikipedia.org)
This leads to the activation of protein kinase C and D and subsequent downstream signaling: PKC induces phosphorylation of multiple transcription factors and along with DAG takes part in Ca2+ signaling (Figure 1 ). (jcancer.org)
Lines of evidence showed that negative regulating proteins played an essential role in homeostasis, such as suppressors of SOCS proteins as counterparts for STAT ( 4 , 5 ), Mdm2 as negative regulator for p53 ( 6 - 8 ), and CTLA4 as a brake for TCR-mediated T cell activation ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
Zhu J, McKeon F (1999) NF-AT activation requires suppression of Crm1-dependent export by calcineurin. (springer.com)
The limitation of targeting VEGF/VEGFR2 signalling to stop angiogenesis in cancer therapy has been blamed on re-activation of alternative receptor tyrosine kinases by compensatory angiogenic factors. (oncotarget.com)
Recent studies of AMPK underscore its importance as a metabolic switch and suggest that activation of AMPK may provide a therapeutic benefit for patients with type 2 diabetes ( 38 ). (asm.org)
Biochemical and genetic experiments have shown that members of the Snf1/AMP-activated protein kinase family are regulated by phosphorylation of the conserved threonine residue in the kinase activation loop. (asm.org)
By using this antibody, we have shown that phosphorylation of Snf1 threonine 210 correlates with glucose stress and Snf1 kinase activation. (asm.org)
A protein called activation-induced deaminase (AID) plays an essential role in the development of B-cell lymphomas such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (westonaprice.org)
1998 ) reported that activation of the Ras/MAPK by norepinephrine, angiotensin II, and EGF is dependent on the formation of 20-HETE, which is generated after activation of phospholipase A 2 by calcium/calmodulin protein kinase II. (aspetjournals.org)
Stretch of the vascular wall is an important stimulus to maintain smooth muscle contractile differentiation that is known to depend on L-type calcium influx, Rho-activation, and actin polymerization. (sigmaaldrich.com)
We also show that CpG induced JNK phosphorylation through activation of the calcium signaling pathway. (jimmunol.org)

Substrate-specific CAM Kinases only have one target that they can phosphorylate, such as myosin light chain kinases. (wikipedia.org)
We next explored potential thrombin-induced CaM kinase II cytoskeletal targets and found that thrombin causes translocation and significant phosphorylation of nonmuscle filamin (ABP-280), which was attenuated by KN-93, whereas thrombin-induced myosin light chain phosphorylation was unaffected. (elsevier.com)

The CAM Kinase contains a highly concentrated glycine loop where the gamma phosphate from the donor ATP molecule is easily able to bind to the enzyme which then utilizes the metal ion to facilitate a smooth phosphate transfer to the target protein. (wikipedia.org)
Biochemical fractionation of rat liver has shown that threonine 172 of the mammalian AMPK enzyme is phosphorylated by a distinct protein kinase called AMPK kinase (AMPKK) ( 11 ). (asm.org)
A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. (harvard.edu)
This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. (harvard.edu)

Exposure of INS-1 cells to 11.2 mmol/l glucose elicited an increase of insulin promoter activity as well as upregulation of CaM-KIV activity within 2 min after stimulation. (diabetesjournals.org)
Pak1 associates with the Snf1 kinase in vivo, and the association is greatly enhanced under glucose-limiting conditions when Snf1 is active. (asm.org)
Nutrient-sensing pathways, in particular, glucose-sensing pathways, are critical signaling pathways that are deregulated in type 2 diabetes. (asm.org)

Among its related pathways are Calcium signaling pathway and DAG and IP3 signaling . (genecards.org)
We demonstrated that c-IAP-2 is regulated by the JNK and calcium signaling pathway, in particular calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II. (jimmunol.org)

Furthermore, a cell-permeable N-myristoylated synthetic filamin peptide (containing the COOH-terminal CaM kinase II phosphorylation site) attenuated both thrombin-induced filamin phosphorylation and decreases in TER. (elsevier.com)

CaM-KIVc alone was sufficient, and the upstream kinase, CaM-KK, was enhanced to upregulate the insulin promoter activity in INS-1 cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
Members of the Snf1/AMP-activated protein kinase family are activated under conditions of nutrient stress by a distinct upstream kinase. (asm.org)

Type 2 diabetes is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with the landmark Framingham study in the 1970's reporting the incidence of heart failure is significantly higher in diabetic (DM) patients compared to non-diabetic (nDM) patients. (otago.ac.nz)
However the underlying mechanisms that link type 2 diabetes with heart failure are still unclear. (otago.ac.nz)
Cross-sectional and Prospective Associations of Rest-Activity Rhythms With Metabolic Markers and Type 2 Diabetes in Older Men. (escholarship.org)
Carvedilol and metoprolol are both able to preserve myocardial function in type 2 diabetes. (otago.ac.nz)
A significant association of rs10906115 in CDC123 (zeige CDC123 Antikörper )/ CAMK1D and rs1359790 near SPRY2 (zeige SPRY2 Antikörper ) was identified with type 2 diabetes in a Japanese population. (antikoerper-online.de)
Espino-Paisan L, Urcelay E, Concha EGdl, Santiago JL: Early and Late Onset Type 1 Diabetes: One and the Same or Two Distinct Genetic Entities? (amazonaws.com)
Zhong J, Xu J, Yang P, Liang Y, Wang C-Y: Innate immunity in the recognition of beta-cell antigens in type 1 diabetes. (amazonaws.com)
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes each have similarities in that both types of diabetes involve insulin from the pancreas not working properly as it should. (amazonaws.com)
Many people with type 2 diabetes start out by diet and exercise, trying to lower their weight to improve their sugars before trying any oral anti-diabetic medications. (amazonaws.com)
Type 1 diabetes, once it is discovered, will need to take insulin right away in order to live, otherwise they will die without it if not taken when they are supposed to. (amazonaws.com)
Understanding the Effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) Surgery on Type 2 Diabetes MellitusRaymond G. Why there is this discordant finding between HOMA-IR measures and insulin clamp studies is unclear. (amazonaws.com)
Adoption of new diagnostic criteria recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) [1] , [2] estimates a global prevalence of nearly one in five women (∼18%) who are considered at risk for GDM. (plos.org)

This mechanism for controlling protein kinase activity is used both by members of the serine threonine protein kinase family and by members of the tyrosine protein kinase family. (asm.org)

In addition, L-type calcium channel blockers nimodipine and verapamil but not the N -methyl- d -aspartate antagonist MK-801 (dizocilpine maleate) blocked the increase in the kinase activity induced by nicotine. (aspetjournals.org)
None of the mutants exhibited enhanced Ca 2+ -independent kinase activity toward exogenous substrate, but the K300S and N294S mutants showed a significant enhancement in the rate and stoichiometry of 32 P incorporation during Ca 2+ -independent autophosphorylation. (elsevier.com)
Taken together, our results reveal an indispensable function of CAMK2G in neurodevelopment and indicate that the CAMK2G p.Arg292Pro protein acts as a pathogenic gain-of-function mutation, through constitutive activity toward cytosolic targets, rather than impaired targeting to the nucleus. (eur.nl)
Significantly, phosphorylation of Tiam1 by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, but not by protein kinase C, enhanced its nucleotide exchange activity toward Rac1, by approximately 2-fold. (elsevier.com)
It did so without affecting the activity of known insulin signaling proteins. (edu.au)
In this study, we found that thrombin increased Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) activities in a Ca 2+ - and time-dependent manner in bovine pulmonary endothelium with maximal activity at 5 min. (elsevier.com)
Follow-up analyses showed reduced enzymatic activity of mitochondrial complexes C-I, C-III, and C-IV (−60-75%) in the OGDM (n = 8) compared with ONGT (n = 10) subjects, though no differences were observed for mitochondrial complex protein content. (plos.org)

Recent studies have implicated the involvement of Ca 2+ -dependent mechanisms, in particular, calcium/calmodulin-protein kinase II in nicotine-induced antinociception using the tail-flick test. (aspetjournals.org)

We have recently demonstrated that lysophosphatidic acid and several other agonists stimulate phosphorylation of the Rac1-specific exchange factor Tiam1 in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, and that protein kinase C is involved in Tiam1 phosphorylation (Fleming, I. N., Elliott, C. M., Collard, J. G., and Exton, J. H. (1997) J. Biol. (elsevier.com)

Figure 6 shows images of hippocampal slices cultured with the MT1/2 receptor antagonist in presence of either the vehicle or MEL and stained with the MAP2 antibody. (nih.gov)
More recently, we developed a phosphopeptide antibody that is specific for the Snf1 protein that has been phosphorylated on threonine 210 ( 21 ). (asm.org)

Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is highly expressed in insulin secreting cells and is associated with insulin secretory granules and has been proposed to play an important role in exocytosis or in insulin granule transport to release sites. (semanticscholar.org)
Transcripts of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases are changed after forskolin- or IBMX-induced insulin secretion due to melatonin treatment of rat insulinoma beta-cells (INS-1). (semanticscholar.org)

Taken together, our results suggest that CpG-induced protection may be mediated by c-IAP-2 through the calcium-activated JNK pathway via what appeared to be TLR9-independent signaling pathways. (jimmunol.org)
Immunostimulatory RNAs (like double stranded RNAs) generated through deregulated RNA processing pathways along with RNA binding proteins (RBPs) of RNA helicase (RNA sensors) family are emerging as important components of immune response pathways during sterile inflammation. (intechopen.com)

This group of proteins includes CAMK III. (wikipedia.org)

CAMK II is the main protein in this subset. (wikipedia.org)
Figure 2 goes into detail showing the structure and domains of CAMK I. CAMK II has a variety of different forms, with CAMK 2A being the most common, as shown in Figure 3. (wikipedia.org)

1 Electrical depolarization of the cell membrane opens L-type Ca 2+ channels, causing Ca 2+ influx. (ahajournals.org)
The channels are normally sensitive to calcium ions and not sensitive to inositol triphosphate. (thefreedictionary.com)
MicroRNAs are essential for stretch-induced vascular smooth muscle contractile differentiation via microRNA (miR)-145-dependent expression of L-type calcium channels. (sigmaaldrich.com)
On the other hand, acute stretch-sensitive growth signaling, which is independent of influx through L-type calcium channels, was not affected by Dicer KO. (sigmaaldrich.com)
A biologic function for an "orphan" messenger: D-myo-inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate selectively blocks epithelial calcium-activated chloride channels. (ac.be)

Anatomy2

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes2

Modulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity by acute and chronic morphine administration in rat hippocampus: differential regulation of alpha and beta isoforms. (1/1822)

Muscarinic stimulation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in isolated rat pancreatic acini. (2/1822)

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation and activation of human Cdc25-C at the G2/M phase transition in HeLa cells. (3/1822)

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is associated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. (4/1822)

Ca2+/calmodulin-kinase II enhances channel conductance of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate type glutamate receptors. (5/1822)

Site-specific phosphorylation of synapsin I by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in pancreatic betaTC3 cells: synapsin I is not associated with insulin secretory granules. (6/1822)

Current studies on a working model of CaM kinase II in hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory. (7/1822)

Differential effects of a calcineurin inhibitor on glutamate-induced phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. (8/1822)

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2

Electrolysis

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases

Benzylamines

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4

Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate

Phosphorylation

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase

Myocardial Reperfusion Injury

Reperfusion Injury

Casein Kinase II

Calcium

Islets of Langerhans

Insulin

Insulin-Secreting Cells

Insulinoma

Glucose

Calmodulin

Protein Kinases

Tryptophan

Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase

Spectrometry, Fluorescence

Calmodulin-Binding Proteins

Fluorescence

Modulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity by acute and chronic morphine administration in rat hippocampus: differential regulation of alpha and beta isoforms. (1/1822)

Muscarinic stimulation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in isolated rat pancreatic acini. (2/1822)

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation and activation of human Cdc25-C at the G2/M phase transition in HeLa cells. (3/1822)

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is associated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. (4/1822)

Ca2+/calmodulin-kinase II enhances channel conductance of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate type glutamate receptors. (5/1822)

Site-specific phosphorylation of synapsin I by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in pancreatic betaTC3 cells: synapsin I is not associated with insulin secretory granules. (6/1822)

Current studies on a working model of CaM kinase II in hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory. (7/1822)

Differential effects of a calcineurin inhibitor on glutamate-induced phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. (8/1822)

A Purine Analog Kinase Inhibitor, Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Inhibitor 59, Reveals a Role for Calcium...

Active Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII) Regulates NMDA Receptor Mediated Postischemic Long-Term...

Mutational analysis of Ca2+-independent autophosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II<...

Gene Expression Profile of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IIα in Rat Spinal Cord and Midbrain During Induction of...

Roles of hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in amphetamine-produced...

CaM Kinase II-dependent pathophysiological signalling in endothelial cells<...

Identification of a Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II regulatory phosphorylation site in non-N-methyl-D...

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II regulates Tiam1 by reversible protein phosphorylation<...

Abnormal Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II function mediates synaptic and motor deficits in experimental parkinsonism

Inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II restores contraction and relaxation in isolated cardiac muscle from type 2...

Amphetamine activate protein kinase C and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase via NMDA receptor in primary cultures of...

Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II and Its Endogenous Inhibitor α in Medullary Thyroid Cancer | Clinical Cancer...

Effects of Wenxin Keli on Cardiac Hypertrophy and Arrhythmia via Regulation of the Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Kinase II...

Secretoneurin, a Novel Endogenous CaMKII Inhibitor, Augments Cardiomyocyte Calcium Handling and Inhibits Arrhythmogenic Calcium...

PubPeer - Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II promotes cell...

JCI - Calcium in atrial fibrillation - pulling the trigger or not?

Persistent reversal of enhanced amphetamine intake by transient CaMKII inhibition<...

β-Adrenergic induced SR Ca<sup>2 +</sup> leak is mediated by an Epac-NOS...

177 Pro-inflammatory signalling in vascular endothelium: a novel role for camkii in ageing? | Heart

Investigating the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in Stagonospora nodorum - Murdoch Research Repository

Cardiotoxic and Cardioprotective Features of Chronic β-Adrenergic Signaling | Circulation Research

Inhibition of CaMKII Phosphorylation of RyR2 Prevents Induction of Atrial Fibrillation in FKBP12.6 Knockout MiceNovelty and...

CaMKII in myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure<...

Cytoskeletal Signaling: Is Memory Encoded in Microtubule Lattices by CaMKII Phosphorylation?

OriGene - CAMK2A (NM 171825) Human ORF cDNA Clone

anti-CaMKII alpha antibody | GeneTex

Calcium/Calmodulin Protein Kinase II-Dependent Ryanodine Receptor Phosphorylation Mediates Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction...

Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase gamma 3 (CamKIIγ3) mediates the cell cycle resumption of metaphase II eggs in mouse |...

CAMK2A - Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II alpha, isoform CRA a - Homo sapiens (Human) - CAMK2A gene ...

CAMK2A - Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II alpha, isoform CRA b - Homo sapiens (Human) - CAMK2A gene ...

Abstract 30: Inhibited CaMKII Activity Decreases Hippocampal Neuronal Damage in Both Normothermic and Mild Therapeutic...

OriGene - CAMK2B (NM 172083) Human ORF cDNA Clone

SignaTECT Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase (CaM KII) Assay - MyBio Ireland

Plus it

TrkB as a Potential Synaptic and Behavioral Tag | Journal of Neuroscience

Structure and Regulation of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases

Developmental restoration of LTP deficits in heterozygous CaMKIIα KO mice. - Semantic Scholar

CAMK4 Gene - GeneCards | KCC4 Protein | KCC4 Antibody

αKAP is an anchoring protein for a novel CaM kinase II isoform in skeletal muscle | The EMBO Journal

CAMKK2 Gene - GeneCards | KKCC2 Protein | KKCC2 Antibody

Thesis Defense Schedule 2017 - Faculty of Science - Honours Biology & Pharmacology Co-op Program

Deduced Primary Structure of the β Subunit of Brain Type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase Determined by Molecular...

Lys-Lys-Lys-Leu-Arg-Arg-Gln-Glu-Ala-Phe-Asp-Ala-Tyr › PeptaNova

calmodulin-dependent protein kinase V Summary Report | CureHunter

KN-92 phosphate | CaMKII inhibitor | Buy KN-92 phosphate from Supplier AdooQ®

GIT1 Mediates HDAC5 Activation by Angiotensin II in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular...

CaMKIIδ and cardiomyocyte Ca|sup|2+|/sup| signalling new perspectives on splice variant targeting