The largest of the TARSAL BONES which is situated at the lower and back part of the FOOT, forming the HEEL.
Formed by the articulation of the talus with the calcaneus.
The second largest of the TARSAL BONES. It articulates with the TIBIA and FIBULA to form the ANKLE JOINT.
Distortion or disfigurement of the foot, or a part of the foot, acquired through disease or injury after birth.
A fibrous cord that connects the muscles in the back of the calf to the HEEL BONE.
The articulations between the various TARSAL BONES. This does not include the ANKLE JOINT which consists of the articulations between the TIBIA; FIBULA; and TALUS.
The back (or posterior) of the FOOT in PRIMATES, found behind the ANKLE and distal to the TOES.
A deformed foot in which the foot is plantarflexed, inverted and adducted.
Breaks in bones.
The seven bones which form the tarsus - namely, CALCANEUS; TALUS; cuboid, navicular, and the internal, middle, and external cuneiforms.
The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.
The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.
Fractures of the articular surface of a bone.
A benign, painful, tumor of bone characterized by the formation of osteoid tissue, primitive bone and calcified tissue. It occurs frequently in the spine of young persons. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)
Fractures in which the break in bone is not accompanied by an external wound.
Benign unilocular lytic areas in the proximal end of a long bone with well defined and narrow endosteal margins. The cysts contain fluid and the cyst walls may contain some giant cells. Bone cysts usually occur in males between the ages 3-15 years.
The family Cervidae of 17 genera and 45 species occurring nearly throughout North America, South America, and Eurasia, on most associated continental islands, and in northern Africa. Wild populations of deer have been established through introduction by people in Cuba, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and other places where the family does not naturally occur. They are slim, long-legged and best characterized by the presence of antlers. Their habitat is forests, swamps, brush country, deserts, and arctic tundra. They are usually good swimmers; some migrate seasonally. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1362)
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.
Surgical procedure by which a tendon is incised at its insertion and placed at an anatomical site distant from the original insertion. The tendon remains attached at the point of origin and takes over the function of a muscle inactivated by trauma or disease.
The use of internal devices (metal plates, nails, rods, etc.) to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment.
A noninvasive method for assessing BODY COMPOSITION. It is based on the differential absorption of X-RAYS (or GAMMA RAYS) by different tissues such as bone, fat and other soft tissues. The source of (X-ray or gamma-ray) photon beam is generated either from radioisotopes such as GADOLINIUM 153, IODINE 125, or Americanium 241 which emit GAMMA RAYS in the appropriate range; or from an X-ray tube which produces X-RAYS in the desired range. It is primarily used for quantitating BONE MINERAL CONTENT, especially for the diagnosis of OSTEOPOROSIS, and also in measuring BONE MINERALIZATION.
The cat family in the order CARNIVORA comprised of muscular, deep-chested terrestrial carnivores with a highly predatory lifestyle.
General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.
External devices which hold wires or pins that are placed through one or both cortices of bone in order to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment. These devices allow easy access to wounds, adjustment during the course of healing, and more functional use of the limbs involved.
The joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; the malleolar articular surface of the FIBULA; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superior surfaces of the TALUS.
The outer shorter of the two bones of the FOREARM, lying parallel to the ULNA and partially revolving around it.

Assessment of hindfoot deformity by three-dimensional MRI in infant club foot. (1/339)

In 12 infants aged under 16 months with unilateral club foot we used MRI in association with multiplanar reconstruction to calculate the volume and principal axes of inertia of the bone and cartilaginous structures of the hindfoot. The volume of these structures in the club foot is about 20% smaller than that in the normal foot. The reduction in volume of the ossification centre of the talus (40%) is greater than that of the calcaneus (20%). The long axes of both the ossification centre and the cartilaginous anlage of the calcaneus are identical in normal and club feet. The long axis of the osseous nucleus of the talus of normal and club feet is medially rotated relative to the cartilaginous anlage, but the angle is greater in club feet (10 degrees v 14 degrees). The cartilaginous structure of the calcaneus is significantly medially rotated in club feet (15 degrees) relative to the bimalleolar axis. The cartilaginous anlage of the talus is medially rotated in both normal and club feet, but with a smaller angle for club feet (28 degrees v 38 degrees). This objective technique of measurement of the deformity may be of value preoperatively.  (+info)

Intra-articular displaced fractures of the calcaneus. Operative vs non-operative treatment. (2/339)

Twenty-eight patients with displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus treated by open reduction and fixation were compared with 30 patients with similar fractures treated conservatively. Judged by the clinical and radiographic criteria results were more satisfactory in the surgical group than in the nonoperative group, although high rates of poor results were encountered in both groups.  (+info)

Ultrasound study of heel to calcaneum depth in neonates. (3/339)

AIM: To investigate whether it would be safe to extend the currently recommended area of sampling to the whole heel in neonates. METHODS: Eighty newborn infants were studied, weight range 0.56 to 4.34 kg, gestation 24 to 42 weeks. Ultrasound scanning was used to measure the shortest distance between the skin and the perichondrium of the calcaneum. RESULTS: The shortest depth of perichondrium was in the centre of the heel and ranged from 3 to 8 mm. In 78 of the 80 infants the distance was 4 mm or more. There was a small but significant positive correlation with weight. CONCLUSIONS: Standard automated lancets for preterm use that puncture to a depth of 2.4 mm may be safely used anywhere over the plantar surface of the heel. The posterior aspect of the heel should be avoided. Reducing the density of heel pricks should reduce the associated pain.  (+info)

Impact of peripheral neuropathy on bone density in patients with type 1 diabetes. (4/339)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether peripheral neuropathy (PN), as part of the microangiopathic complex, affects bone mineral density (BMD) of the peripheral or the axial skeleton in patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Three study groups were examined. Group 1 comprised 21 males with type 1 diabetes and severe PN with a mean (range) duration of diabetes of 28 (9-59) years and an HbA1c of 8.2% (6.3-10.4). Group 2 comprised 21 male type 1 diabetic patients with absent or mild PN matched to patients of group 1 regarding age, weight, and duration of diabetes. Group 3 comprised 21 control subjects. BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and by quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus. PN was determined by biothesiometry. Levels of physical activity were assessed through guided questionnaires. RESULTS: In group 1, BMD was significantly reduced at all measured sites, compared with an expected Z score of 0 (spine, -1.01 +/- 0.34; femur, -0.94 +/- 0.25; forearm, -1.10 +/- 0.36). To a lesser extent, but still significantly, group 2 also showed reduced BMD values (spine, -0.60 +/- 0.26; femur, -0.55 +/- 0.25; forearm, -1.05 +/- 0.36), whereas group 3 had normal BMD values (-0.23 +/- 0.25, -0.10 +/- 0.21, -0.07 +/- 0.25, respectively). Group 1 had lower mean BMD levels than group 2 and group 3 at all measured sites, but a significant difference was found only between groups 1 and 3 at the site of the femur (analysis of variance, P < 0.05). Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) of the calcaneus was significantly reduced in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (108 +/- 3 vs. 115 +/- 2 and 115 +/- 2). Significant correlations between all DEXA measurements and BUA were demonstrated in both groups 1 and 2 (r values between 0.54 and 0.75). No significant differences in physical activity levels or body composition were demonstrated between the two patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that in patients with type 1 diabetes, PN may be an independent risk factor for reduced BMD in the affected limbs as well as in the skeleton in general.  (+info)

Comparison of quantitative ultrasound in the human calcaneus with mechanical failure loads of the hip and spine. (5/339)

OBJECTIVE: Quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus is used clinically for evaluating bone fracture risk, but its association with the mechanical properties at other skeletal sites is not well characterized. The objective was therefore to determine its predictive ability of the mechanical failure loads of the proximal femur and lumbar spine. METHOD: In 45 human cadavers (29 males and 16 females, aged 82.5 +/- 9.6 years), we determined the speed of sound, broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA) and the empirical stiffness index, using a commercial quantitative ultrasound scanner. The proximal femora and the fourth vertebral body were excised and loaded to failure in a testing machine. RESULTS: Femoral failure loads ranged from 933 to 7000 N and those of the vertebrae from 1000 to 7867 N, their correlation being 0.51 in females and -0.08 in males. Forty percent of the variability of femoral, but only 24% of the variability of the vertebral fracture loads could be predicted with calcaneal speed of sound. In the femur, a combination of speed of sound and BUA improved the prediction (r2 = 50-60%), but not in the spine. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides experimental evidence that calcaneal quantitative ultrasound is capable of predicting mechanical failure at other skeletal sites and has potential to identify patients at risk from osteoporotic fracture. The different association of quantitative ultrasound with femoral and vertebral failure may result from the influence of the cortical bone and a higher microstructure-related similarity of the calcaneus and the femur.  (+info)

Total dislocations of the navicular: are they ever isolated injuries? (6/339)

Isolated dislocations of the navicular are rare injuries; we present our experience of six cases in which the navicular was dislocated without fracture. All patients had complex injuries, with considerable disruption of the midfoot. Five patients had open reduction and stabilisation with Kirschner wires. One developed subluxation and deformity of the midfoot because of inadequate stabilisation of the lateral column, and there was one patient with ischaemic necrosis. We believe that the navicular cannot dislocate in isolation because of the rigid bony supports around it; there has to be significant disruption of both longitudinal columns of the foot. Most commonly, an abduction/pronation injury causes a midtarsal dislocation, and on spontaneous reduction the navicular may dislocate medially. This mechanism is similar to a perilunate dislocation. Stabilisation of both medial and lateral columns of the foot may sometimes be essential for isolated dislocations. In spite of our low incidence of ischaemic necrosis, there is always a likelihood of this complication.  (+info)

Fibrous dysplasia arising from the calcaneus. (7/339)

A case of an 18-year-old woman with fibrous dysplasia arising in the calcaneus, which is extremely rare, is reported, with the emphasis placed on differential diagnosis from low-grade central osteosarcoma. She had a severe pain in her left ankle after sprain. Plain radiographs showed a radiolucent lesion measuring 6.3 x 2.5 cm with a sclerotic margin in the left calcaneus. CT scans showed a well-defined lytic lesion with disruption of the lateral cortex and an ossification or calcification in its center. On MR imaging, the lesion had isointensities and high intensities on T1 and T2 weighted images, respectively, but its central portions showed lower intensities both on T1 and T2 weighted images. The lesion was enhanced with gadolinium except for the central portions. The specimen obtained by open biopsy consisted of fibrous tissue and foci of irregular woven bone. None of the nuclear atypia, mitoses, longitudinal stream of bone or invasive nature of growth was detected. The diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia was histologically made. The lesion was curetted and packed with autogenous bone chips. No evidence of recurrence was noted postoperatively.  (+info)

Elderly cohort study subjects unable to return for follow-up have lower bone mass than those who can return. (8/339)

Longitudinal studies of osteoporosis in older persons may underestimate bone loss because of a lack of follow-up measurements on subjects too frail to return. The authors addressed this possible bias as part of the population-based Framingham Study; in 1996-1997, they used quantitative ultrasound to assess the bone status of elderly subjects regardless of their ability to return to the clinic. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound of the calcaneus (heel) were measured in 433 subjects at the Framingham, Massachusetts, clinic and in 167 subjects at their homes or nursing homes. All ultrasound parameters were measured with intramachine coefficients of variation of <6.0%. The mean BUA for those subjects evaluated at the clinic was higher than for those measured at home (9.2% higher for men, p = 0.081; 8.6% higher for women, p = 0.034). After adjustment for age and weight, the differences in BUA were no longer significant. Among the elderly subjects participating in this longitudinal cohort study, those who were unable to return for follow-up were older, weighed less, and had a lower BUA than those who did return, suggesting that longitudinal studies of changes in bone mass with aging may underestimate the true population values.  (+info)

The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone in the human foot, and it is commonly known as the heel bone. It articulates with the cuboid bone anteriorly, the talus bone superiorly, and several tendons and ligaments that help to form the posterior portion of the foot's skeletal structure. The calcaneus plays a crucial role in weight-bearing and movement, as it forms the lower part of the leg's ankle joint and helps to absorb shock during walking or running.

The subtalar joint is a joint in the foot that is located between the talus and calcaneus (heel) bones. It is called a "joint" because it allows for movement, specifically inversion and eversion, which are the movements that allow the foot to roll inward or outward. The subtalar joint plays an essential role in the biomechanics of the foot and ankle, helping to absorb shock during walking and running, and contributing to the stability of the foot during standing and walking. Issues with the subtalar joint can lead to various foot and ankle problems, such as flatfoot or chronic ankle instability.

The talus is a bone in the foot that articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint, also known as the talocrural joint. It is unique because it doesn't have any muscle attachments and gets its blood supply from surrounding vessels. Its main function is to transfer weight and force during movement from the lower leg to the foot.

Acquired foot deformities refer to structural abnormalities of the foot that develop after birth, as opposed to congenital foot deformities which are present at birth. These deformities can result from various factors such as trauma, injury, infection, neurological conditions, or complications from a medical condition like diabetes or arthritis.

Examples of acquired foot deformities include:

1. Hammertoe - A deformity where the toe bends downward at the middle joint, resembling a hammer.
2. Claw toe - A more severe form of hammertoe where the toe also curls under, forming a claw-like shape.
3. Mallet toe - A condition where the end joint of a toe is bent downward, causing it to resemble a mallet.
4. Bunions - A bony bump that forms on the inside of the foot at the big toe joint, often causing pain and difficulty wearing shoes.
5. Tailor's bunion (bunionette) - A similar condition to a bunion, but it occurs on the outside of the foot near the little toe joint.
6. Charcot foot - A severe deformity that can occur in people with diabetes or other neurological conditions, characterized by the collapse and dislocation of joints in the foot.
7. Cavus foot - A condition where the arch of the foot is excessively high, causing instability and increasing the risk of ankle injuries.
8. Flatfoot (pes planus) - A deformity where the arch of the foot collapses, leading to pain and difficulty walking.
9. Pronation deformities - Abnormal rotation or tilting of the foot, often causing instability and increasing the risk of injury.

Treatment for acquired foot deformities varies depending on the severity and underlying cause but may include orthotics, physical therapy, medication, or surgery.

The Achilles tendon, also known as the calcaneal tendon, is a strong band of tissue that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone (calcaneus). It plays a crucial role in enabling activities such as walking, running, and jumping by facilitating the movement of the foot downward, which is called plantar flexion. Injuries to the Achilles tendon, such as tendinitis or ruptures, can be quite painful and impact mobility.

The tarsal joints are a series of articulations in the foot that involve the bones of the hindfoot and midfoot. There are three main tarsal joints:

1. Talocrural joint (also known as the ankle joint): This is the joint between the talus bone of the lower leg and the tibia and fibula bones of the lower leg, as well as the calcaneus bone of the foot. It allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements of the foot.
2. Subtalar joint: This is the joint between the talus bone and the calcaneus bone. It allows for inversion and eversion movements of the foot.
3. Tarsometatarsal joints (also known as the Lisfranc joint): These are the joints between the tarsal bones of the midfoot and the metatarsal bones of the forefoot. They allow for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements of the foot.

These joints play an important role in the stability and mobility of the foot, allowing for various movements during activities such as walking, running, and jumping.

In medical terms, "heel" generally refers to the posterior and largest part of the foot, specifically the calcaneus bone. The heel is the first part of the foot to make contact with the ground during walking or running, and it plays a crucial role in supporting the body's weight and absorbing shock during movement.

The term "heel" can also be used to describe a structure or device that is attached to the back of a shoe or boot to provide additional height, support, or protection to the wearer's heel. These types of heels are often worn for fashion purposes or to compensate for differences in leg length.

Clubfoot, also known as talipes equinovarus, is a congenital foot deformity where the foot is twisted inward and downward. The affected foot appears to be turned inward and downward, resembling a club or a bowling pin. This condition usually affects one foot but can occur in both feet as well.

The cause of clubfoot is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Clubfoot is often diagnosed at birth or during routine prenatal ultrasound exams. Treatment for clubfoot typically involves nonsurgical methods such as stretching, casting, and bracing to gradually correct the position of the foot over time. In some cases, surgery may be required to release tight tendons and realign the bones in the foot and ankle.

If left untreated, clubfoot can lead to significant mobility issues and difficulty walking or participating in activities. However, with early intervention and consistent treatment, most children with clubfoot are able to lead active and normal lives.

A bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of a bone due to external or internal forces. Fractures can occur in any bone in the body and can vary in severity from a small crack to a shattered bone. The symptoms of a bone fracture typically include pain, swelling, bruising, deformity, and difficulty moving the affected limb. Treatment for a bone fracture may involve immobilization with a cast or splint, surgery to realign and stabilize the bone, or medication to manage pain and prevent infection. The specific treatment approach will depend on the location, type, and severity of the fracture.

The tarsal bones are a group of seven articulating bones in the foot that make up the posterior portion of the foot, located between the talus bone of the leg and the metatarsal bones of the forefoot. They play a crucial role in supporting the body's weight and facilitating movement.

There are three categories of tarsal bones:

1. Proximal row: This includes the talus, calcaneus (heel bone), and navicular bones. The talus articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint, while the calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and forms the heel. The navicular bone is located between the talus and the cuneiform bones.

2. Intermediate row: This includes the cuboid bone, which is located laterally (on the outside) to the navicular bone and articulates with the calcaneus, fourth and fifth metatarsals, and the cuneiform bones.

3. Distal row: This includes three cuneiform bones - the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms - which are located between the navicular bone proximally and the first, second, and third metatarsal bones distally. The medial cuneiform is the largest of the three and articulates with the navicular bone, first metatarsal, and the intermediate cuneiform. The intermediate cuneiform articulates with the medial and lateral cuneiforms and the second metatarsal. The lateral cuneiform articulates with the intermediate cuneiform, cuboid, and fourth metatarsal.

Together, these bones form a complex network of joints that allow for movement and stability in the foot. Injuries or disorders affecting the tarsal bones can result in pain, stiffness, and difficulty walking.

In medical terms, the foot is the part of the lower limb that is distal to the leg and below the ankle, extending from the tarsus to the toes. It is primarily responsible for supporting body weight and facilitating movement through push-off during walking or running. The foot is a complex structure made up of 26 bones, 33 joints, and numerous muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves that work together to provide stability, balance, and flexibility. It can be divided into three main parts: the hindfoot, which contains the talus and calcaneus (heel) bones; the midfoot, which includes the navicular, cuboid, and cuneiform bones; and the forefoot, which consists of the metatarsals and phalanges that form the toes.

Bone density refers to the amount of bone mineral content (usually measured in grams) in a given volume of bone (usually measured in cubic centimeters). It is often used as an indicator of bone strength and fracture risk. Bone density is typically measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, which provide a T-score that compares the patient's bone density to that of a young adult reference population. A T-score of -1 or above is considered normal, while a T-score between -1 and -2.5 indicates osteopenia (low bone mass), and a T-score below -2.5 indicates osteoporosis (porous bones). Regular exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, and medication (if necessary) can help maintain or improve bone density and prevent fractures.

An intra-articular fracture is a type of fracture that involves the joint surface or articular cartilage of a bone. These types of fractures can occur in any joint, but they are most commonly seen in the weight-bearing joints such as the knee, ankle, and wrist.

Intra-articular fractures can be caused by high-energy trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or falls from significant heights, or by low-energy trauma, such as a simple fall in older adults with osteoporosis.

These types of fractures are often complex and may involve displacement or depression of the joint surface, which can increase the risk of developing post-traumatic arthritis. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to ensure optimal outcomes and minimize long-term complications. Treatment options for intra-articular fractures may include surgical fixation with plates, screws, or pins, as well as joint replacement in some cases.

Osteoblastoma is a rare, benign (non-cancerous) bone tumor that originates from osteoblasts, which are cells responsible for bone formation. It typically affects children and young adults, with around two-thirds of cases occurring in individuals under 30 years old.

Osteoblastomas usually develop in the long bones of the body, such as the femur (thigh bone) or tibia (shin bone), but they can also occur in the vertebrae of the spine. The tumor tends to grow slowly and may cause symptoms like pain, swelling, or tenderness in the affected area. In some cases, it can lead to pathological fractures (fractures caused by weakened bone structure).

While osteoblastomas are generally not life-threatening, they can be locally aggressive and cause significant morbidity if left untreated. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by curettage (scraping) and bone grafting to fill the void created by the tumor excision. In some cases, adjuvant therapies like cryosurgery or radiation therapy may be used to ensure complete tumor eradication.

A closed fracture, also known as a simple fracture, is a type of bone break where the skin remains intact and there is no open wound. The bone may be broken in such a way that it does not pierce the skin, but still requires medical attention for proper diagnosis, treatment, and healing. Closed fractures can range from hairline cracks to complete breaks and can occur due to various reasons, including trauma, overuse, or weakened bones. It is important to seek immediate medical care if a closed fracture is suspected, as improper healing can lead to long-term complications such as decreased mobility, chronic pain, or deformity.

A bone cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops within a bone. It can be classified as either simple (unicameral) or aneurysmal. Simple bone cysts are more common in children and adolescents, and they typically affect the long bones of the arms or legs. These cysts are usually asymptomatic unless they become large enough to weaken the bone and cause a fracture. Aneurysmal bone cysts, on the other hand, can occur at any age and can affect any bone, but they are most common in the leg bones and spine. They are characterized by rapidly growing blood-filled sacs that can cause pain, swelling, and fractures.

Both types of bone cysts may be treated with observation, medication, or surgery depending on their size, location, and symptoms. It is important to note that while these cysts can be benign, they should still be evaluated and monitored by a healthcare professional to ensure proper treatment and prevention of complications.

I apologize for any confusion, but "deer" is not a medical term. It is a common name used to refer to various species of hooved mammals belonging to the family Cervidae. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help answer them.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, and disruption of bone architecture, leading to increased risk of fractures, particularly in the spine, wrist, and hip. It mainly affects older people, especially postmenopausal women, due to hormonal changes that reduce bone density. Osteoporosis can also be caused by certain medications, medical conditions, or lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol abuse, and a lack of calcium and vitamin D in the diet. The diagnosis is often made using bone mineral density testing, and treatment may include medication to slow bone loss, promote bone formation, and prevent fractures.

A tendon transfer is a surgical procedure where a healthy tendon is moved to rebalance or reinforce a muscle that has become weak or paralyzed due to injury, disease, or nerve damage. The transferred tendon attaches to the bone in a new position, allowing it to power a different movement or stabilize a joint. This procedure helps restore function and improve mobility in the affected area.

Fracture fixation, internal, is a surgical procedure where a fractured bone is fixed using metal devices such as plates, screws, or rods that are implanted inside the body. This technique helps to maintain the alignment and stability of the broken bone while it heals. The implants may be temporarily or permanently left inside the body, depending on the nature and severity of the fracture. Internal fixation allows for early mobilization and rehabilitation, which can result in a faster recovery and improved functional outcome.

Photon Absorptiometry is a medical technique used to measure the absorption of photons (light particles) by tissues or materials. In clinical practice, it is often used as a non-invasive method for measuring bone mineral density (BMD). This technique uses a low-energy X-ray beam or gamma ray to penetrate the tissue and then measures the amount of radiation absorbed by the bone. The amount of absorption is related to the density and thickness of the bone, allowing for an assessment of BMD. It can be used to diagnose osteoporosis and monitor treatment response in patients with bone diseases. There are two types of photon absorptiometry: single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) and dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA). SPA uses one energy level, while DPA uses two different energy levels to measure BMD, providing more precise measurements.

Felidae is the biological family that includes all extant (living) members of the cat group, also known as felids. This family consists of big cats such as lions, tigers, and leopards, as well as small cats like domestic cats, cheetahs, and pumas. Felidae is part of the order Carnivora and is characterized by specialized adaptations for hunting and stalking prey, including retractile claws, sharp teeth, and flexible bodies. The family has a worldwide distribution, with species found in various habitats across all continents except Antarctica.

Foot injuries refer to any damage or trauma caused to the various structures of the foot, including the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, and nerves. These injuries can result from various causes such as accidents, sports activities, falls, or repetitive stress. Common types of foot injuries include fractures, sprains, strains, contusions, dislocations, and overuse injuries like plantar fasciitis or Achilles tendonitis. Symptoms may vary depending on the type and severity of the injury but often include pain, swelling, bruising, difficulty walking, and reduced range of motion. Proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial to ensure optimal healing and prevent long-term complications.

An external fixator is a type of orthopedic device used in the treatment of severe fractures or deformities of bones. It consists of an external frame that is attached to the bone with pins or wires that pass through the skin and into the bone. This provides stability to the injured area while allowing for alignment and adjustment of the bone during the healing process.

External fixators are typically used in cases where traditional casting or internal fixation methods are not feasible, such as when there is extensive soft tissue damage, infection, or when a limb needs to be gradually stretched or shortened. They can also be used in reconstructive surgery for bone defects or deformities.

The external frame of the fixator is made up of bars and clamps that are adjustable, allowing for precise positioning and alignment of the bones. The pins or wires that attach to the bone are carefully inserted through small incisions in the skin, and are held in place by the clamps on the frame.

External fixators can be used for a period of several weeks to several months, depending on the severity of the injury and the individual's healing process. During this time, the patient may require regular adjustments and monitoring by an orthopedic surgeon or other medical professional. Once the bone has healed sufficiently, the external fixator can be removed in a follow-up procedure.

The ankle joint, also known as the talocrural joint, is the articulation between the bones of the lower leg (tibia and fibula) and the talus bone in the foot. It is a synovial hinge joint that allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements, which are essential for walking, running, and jumping. The ankle joint is reinforced by strong ligaments on both sides to provide stability during these movements.

The radius is one of the two bones in the forearm in humans and other vertebrates. In humans, it runs from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist. It is responsible for rotation of the forearm and articulates with the humerus at the elbow and the carpals at the wrist. Any medical condition or injury that affects the radius can impact the movement and function of the forearm and hand.

... from the Latin calcaneus or calcaneum, meaning heel; PL: calcanei or calcanea) or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot ... The calcaneus is part of two joints: the proximal intertarsal joint and the talocalcaneal joint. The point of the calcaneus is ... The talus bone, calcaneus, and navicular bone are considered the proximal row of tarsal bones. In the calcaneus, several ... Bones of foot 3D rendering of a left calcaneus derived from CT scan data. The calcaneus is white, and the other bones of the ...
... (vernacular name: Vietnam flying frog) is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to ... Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Rhacophorus calcaneus Smith, 1924". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 ... IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2018). "Rhacophorus calcaneus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e. ...
... is a species of robber flies in the family Asilidae. "Callinicus calcaneus Report". Integrated Taxonomic ... "Callinicus calcaneus species details". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-04-26. "Callinicus calcaneus". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-04 ... "Callinicus calcaneus Species Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-04-26. v t e (Articles with short description, Short ...
... and their calcaneus with its enlarged peroneal tubercle. Three families are recognized: Eoastrapostylopidae from the late ...
Calcaneus fractures at eMedicine Essex-Lopresti, P (1946). "The hazards of parachuting". Br J Surg. 34 (133): 1-13. doi:10.1002 ... for describing the Essex-Lopresti fracture and for his work on classification and treatment of fractures of the calcaneus. ...
S1 - On the lateral aspect of the calcaneus. S2 - At the midpoint of the popliteal fossa. S3 - Over the tuberosity of the ...
... to the calcaneus or heel bone. Together, the talus and calcaneus form the hindfoot. The five irregular bones of the midfoot-the ... The calcaneus is also modified, forming a heel for the attachment of the Achilles tendon. Neither of these adaptations is found ... In humans the largest bone in the tarsus is the calcaneus, which is the weight-bearing bone within the heel of the foot. The ... So, during subtalar inversion, the calcaneus also rotates clockwise and translates forward along the axis of the screw. Average ...
Associated fractures of calcaneus, cuboid and navicular are frequent. Open fractures occur in a small percentage. Chopart's ... often with associated fractures of the calcaneus, cuboid and navicular. The foot is usually dislocated medially (80%) and ...
Local anaesthetic is injected either side of the artery distal to the flexor retinaculum of the foot, close to the calcaneus. ... calcaneal branch to the medial aspect of the calcaneus. The posterior tibial artery supplies oxygenated blood to the posterior ...
Oldest colobine calcaneus from East Asia (Zhaotong, Yunnan, China). In: Journal of Human Evolution Vol. 147: 102866; October ...
A calcaneus of an early hominin, with a morphology that is intermediate between humans and nonhuman apes, is described from the ... Harper, C. M.; Zipfel, B.; DeSilva, J. M.; McNutt, E. J.; Thackeray, F.; Braga, J. (2022). "A new early hominin calcaneus from ...
... extending from the calcaneus by the inferior portion of the calcaneocuboid joint to the inferior border of the calcaneus. ... Tangential to the inferior distal border of the calcaneus. The second line is defined as extending from either of the two above ... Calcaneal pitch is an angle of the calcaneus and the inferior aspect of the foot, with different sources giving different ...
A calcaneal branch to the lateral part of the calcaneus. At one point in its history, both the Greek term perone and the Latin ...
It occurs at the meeting point of the talus and the calcaneus. The joint is classed structurally as a synovial joint, and ... The posterior talocalcaneal articulation is formed by a concave surface of the talus and a convex surface of the calcaneus. The ... At the anterior and middle talocalcaneal articulation, convex areas of the talus fits on to concave surfaces of the calcaneus. ... It acts as a hinge connecting the talus and calcaneus. There is extensive variation in the inclination from horizontal. The ...
A second individual (Regourdou 2) is represented by a calcaneus. The shaft cave is the second site that Roger Constant explored ...
Also included is an astragalus and calcaneus, and a femur. The pelvis was equipped with a massive iliac bone, with an ... The tarsus of Pyrotherium was characteristic: the calcaneus tubercle was compressed dorsoventrally, as was the trochlea of the ...
The calcaneus is robust but is shorter than that of camelids. The forelimbs of Bachitherium are shorter than the hind limbs, ... "On the morphology of the astragalus and calcaneus of the amphicyonids (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Europe: ...
The calcaneus is the most common skeletal site for quantitative ultrasound assessment because it has a high percentage of ... Also, the calcaneus is fairly flat and parallel, reducing repositioning errors. The method can be applied to children, neonates ...
Origin subject to considerable variation; it often receives fibers from the calcaneus or long plantar ligament. Attachment to ...
It occasionally separately inserts into the medial side of the calcaneus. The plantaris muscle is innervated by the tibial ...
The superior fibers are attached above to the lateral malleolus and below to the lateral surface of the calcaneus. The inferior ... behind they are attached to the lateral surface of the calcaneus; some of the fibers are fixed to the calcaneal tubercle, ...
The recurrent portion inserts into the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus. Blood is supplied to the muscle by the posterior ...
Calcaneus Fractures at eMedicine Richman JD, Barre PS (June 1986). "The plantar ecchymosis sign in fractures of the calcaneus ... Type IIA: fracture occurs on lateral aspect of calcaneus. Type IIB: fracture occurs on central aspect of calcaneus. Type IIC: ... Type A involve the anterior calcaneus Type B involve the middle calcaneus. This includes the sustentaculum tali, trochlear ... Calcaneus Fractures~treatment at eMedicine Rodemund C, Krenn R, Kihm C, Leister I, Ortmaier R, Litzlbauer W, et al. (November ...
The calcaneus had rectangular fibular facets, and an unusually thick sustentaculum. Several of the distinctive anatomical leg ...
The interosseous talocalcaneal ligament forms the chief bond of union between the talus and calcaneus. It is a portion of the ... in breadth from side to side, and serves to bind the calcaneus and talus firmly together. Subtalar joint This article ... to a corresponding depression on the upper surface of the calcaneus. It is very thick and strong, being at least 2.5 cm. ...
Bouxsein, M. L.; Radloff, S. E. (1997-05-01). "Quantitative Ultrasound of the Calcaneus Reflects the Mechanical Properties of ...
doi:10.1016/0047-2484(91)90011-J. Latimer, B.; Lovejoy, C. O. (1989). "The calcaneus of Australopithecus afarensis and its ...
A bursa lies between the tendon and the upper part of the calcaneus. It is about 15 centimetres (6 in) long. Along the side of ... Gradually thinning below, it inserts into the middle part of the back of the calcaneus bone. The tendon spreads out somewhat at ... It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone. These muscles, acting ... The Achilles tendon is also known as the "tendo calcaneus" (Latin for "calcaneal tendon"). Because eponyms (names relating to ...
Far rarer are archosaurs with a "croc-reversed" ankle joint, in which the calcaneus bears a peg whilst the astragalus bears a ... At the foot end, within the tarsus, the talus articulates with the calcaneus (heel bone) below, and with the curved navicular ... It articulates with the corresponding facet on the upper surface of the calcaneus, and is deeply concave in the direction of ... On the bone's inferior side, three articular surfaces serve for the articulation with the calcaneus, and several variously ...
The species are mainly distinguished by characteristics of the talus and the calcaneus. F. Ameghino. 1894. Sur les oiseaux ...
... from the Latin calcaneus or calcaneum, meaning heel; PL: calcanei or calcanea) or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot ... The calcaneus is part of two joints: the proximal intertarsal joint and the talocalcaneal joint. The point of the calcaneus is ... The talus bone, calcaneus, and navicular bone are considered the proximal row of tarsal bones. In the calcaneus, several ... Bones of foot 3D rendering of a left calcaneus derived from CT scan data. The calcaneus is white, and the other bones of the ...
A true consensus regarding the management of calcaneus fractures has eluded practitioners for more than 100 years. Historically ... The calcaneus (os calcis) is the largest of the tarsal bones. The calcaneus has four articular facets, which allow it to ... Calcaneus fractures. Avulsion-type fracture of calcaneus, sustained when patient fell 6 ft from ladder onto solid ground. ... Calcaneus fractures. Comminuted fracture of calcaneus sustained in motorcycle accident. Note loss of Böhler angle. ...
The tarsal bones consist of the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the first, second, and third cuneiforms. The calcaneus ... The calcaneus is the largest bone of the human foot. The skeleton of the human foot is made up of three groups of bones: the ... The calcaneus has two articulations, being part of the Proximal intertarsal joint and the Talocalcaneal joint. As in humans it ... In addition to receiving the weight of the body with each step, the calcaneus is the anchor for the plantar fascia, which ...
... and the Calcaneus: Current Concepts of Treatment by Tscherne, Harald available in Trade Paperback on Powells.com, also read ... Major Fractures of the Pilon, the Talus, and the Calcaneus: Current Concepts of Treatment by Tscherne, Harald ... It deals with the complex problems that arise in the treatment of fractures of the tibial pilon, talus and calcaneus. It ...
The calcaneus, also referred to as the calcaneum, (plural: calcanei or calcanea) is the largest tarsal bone and the major bone ... The calcaneus is an irregular, roughly cuboidal bone sitting below the talus. Its long axis is oriented along the midline of ... Superiorly, the calcaneus articulates with the talus at the talocalcaneal joint, also known as the (anatomic) subtalar joint, ... Anteriorly, the calcaneus articulates with the cuboid (calcaneocuboid joint) bones. Relations. *. superior: talocalcaneal joint ...
The XR calcaneus terms were deprecated in error when we deprecated CT calcaneus terms during the LOINC/RadLex CT unification ... XR Calcaneus - bilateral Broden Views Active Fully-Specified Name. Component. Views Broden. Property. Find. Time. Pt. System. ... Lower extremity.bilateral,Calcaneus. Scale. Doc. Method. XR. Additional Names. Short Name. XR Heel-Bl Views Broden. Associated ... Calcanei;. Heel-Bl;. Heel;. Oscalcis;. Os calcis;. Calcaneous;. Narrative;. Report;. Xray;. X-ray;. Plain Films;. RADIOLOGY;. ...
fracture of the anterior process of the calcaneus: difficult to distinguish from an os calcaneus secundarius if the suspected ... An os calcaneus secundarius is an accessory ossicle of the anterior calcaneal process present in up to 5% of the population at ... Os calcaneus secundarius. Last revised by Mostafa El-Feky on 1 May 2023 ... 1. Hodge J. Anterior Process Fracture or Calcaneus Secundarius: A Case Report. J Emerg Med. 1999;17(2):305-9. doi:10.1016/s0736 ...
Also known as Heel Fracture, Calcaneal Fracture, Fractured Calcaneus, Broken Calcaneus). What is a calcaneus fracture?. A ... Figure 1 - Calcaneus and Talus. The calcaneus (heel bone) is responsible for transferring weight bearing forces from the ankle ... Find a Physio for a calcaneus fracture. Find a Physiotherapist in your local area who can treat a calcaneus fracture. ... This condition is known as a calcaneus fracture.. Because of the large forces required to break the calcaneus bone, this ...
Lynx lynx - Young adult - Right elementCollection: P. Fosse - Country: Poland - Ll-Calca1.JPG
Hyaena hyaena - Adult - Right elementsCollection: Department dOsteology of National Museum of Kenya, Nairobi (Id:OM5048) - Country: Sultan Hamud, Kenya - Hh-TalCalca2.jpg
Learn about the veterinary topic of Luxation of the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon from the Tuber Calcanei in Horses. Find ... In horses in which the tendon is unstable and subluxates on and off the tuber calcanei, endoscopy of the calcaneal bursa ... Luxation of the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon from the Tuber Calcanei in Horses By ... Luxation of the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon from the Tuber Calcanei in Horses / ...
Fractures or breaks of the calcaneus commonly occur after a fall from a height or car accident. Treatment of these fractures ... The calcaneus is the heel bone. Fractures or breaks of the calcaneus commonly occur after a fall from a height or car accident ...
The anatomy of the calcaneus is complex with multiple processes and grooves for support of related bony and soft tissue ... This article focuses on the use of commonly employed radiologic modalities with respect to the anatomy of the calcaneus and ... With respect to imaging, the calcaneus and its articulations are a diagnostic challenge to radiologists and clinicians. ... some of the more common and challenging conditions that affect the calcaneus. ...
Radiographic texture analysis of calcaneus has been recently extensively researched for automated discrimination between ... We exploit the shape of calcaneus to define ROI position and the structure of trabecula to define its orientation. We evaluated ... Bones;Image edge detection;Radiography;Robustness;Tensile stress;Transforms; X-ray imaging;ROI;Radiograph;calcaneus;structure; ... Radiographic texture analysis of calcaneus has been recently extensively researched for automated discrimination between ...
... six occurred in the middle part of the calcaneus, and nine occurred in the anterior part of the calcaneus, with 79% occurring ... The calcaneus alone was affected in twelve cases. In twenty-two cases, stress injury was also present in one or several other ... Calcaneus Fractures PMID: 17015602 J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Oct;88(10):2237-42. ... The majority of stress injuries of the calcaneus occur in the posterior part of the bone, but a considerable proportion can ...
Tvornica proizvoda za medicinu, trgovinu i zastupanje Rimski put 31, 10360 Sesvete, Hrvatska ...
Calcaneus Primary Fracture Line. *Anteromedial fragement. -variable portions of the posterior facet, anterior process, middle ...
In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Calcaneus Fractures from the Trauma section. ...
... and many more surgical approaches described step by step with text and illustrations. ... The peroneal tendons are on the lateral side of the calcaneus. Note the position of the retinaculum and of the fibulocalcaneal ...
Angle of Gissane (120-145°): Angle between line along lateral margin of posterior facet and line anterior to beak of calcaneus. ...
Lateral Calcaneus Position:. *No rotation as evidenced by superimposition superior portions of the talus, open talocalcaneal ... Center calcaneus to CR and to unmasked portion of IR, with long axis of foot parallel to plane of IR. ... Calcaneus is demonstrated in profile with the talus and distal tibia-fibula demonstrated superiorly, as well as the navicular ... Any bony lessions involving the calcaneus, talus, and talocalcaneal joint will be shown and will demonstrate extend and ...
Assists in the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcer.
One of the more severe breaks is known as a calcaneus fracture or a heel bone fracture. ... One of the more severe breaks is known as a calcaneus fracture or a heel bone fracture. Broken heel bones commonly occur during ... Keep in mind that while calcaneus fractures are less common than other fractures in the foot and ankle, delaying diagnosis and ... Broken Heel Bone? You Have A Calcaneus Fracture. Published on: April 2, 2018. ...
The Lateral Approach to Calcaneus is mainly used for open reduction and internal fixation of Calcaneal fracture. ... Lateral Approach to Calcaneus. You are in: Home » Approach » Foot Approaches » Lateral Approach to Calcaneus ... Lateral Approach to Calcaneus dissection. Dangers. The structures at risk during the Lateral Approach to Calcaneus include: ... Incise the periosteum of the lateral wall of the calcaneus and develop a full thickness flap consisting of periosteum and all ...
Calcaneus Fracture Richard Yoon, MD, Orthopaedic Surgeon, Livingston, Essex County, Jersey City, NJ, NY, CT / Patient Info / ...
Posterior talar articular surface of calcaneus (#3482). Posterior talar articular surface of calcaneus (#3482) ...
Morphometric measurements of the calcanei were performed involving the length of the calcaneal axis (LCA), height of the ... Dive into the research topics of Three-Dimensional Morphometric Modeling Measurements of the Calcaneus in Adults with Stage ... Morphometric measurements of the calcanei were performed involving the length of the calcaneal axis (LCA), height of the ... Morphometric measurements of the calcanei were performed involving the length of the calcaneal axis (LCA), height of the ...
Spring Branch Podiatry, PLLC Contents Patient Education Heel Fracture of the Heel Bone (Calcaneus) ... Some calcaneus fractures can be associated with other injuries to the bones of the thigh, leg, or even the spine. ... This condition is a break in the heel bone, called the calcaneus, which forms the back of the foot. This bone supports the foot ...
Calcaneus fractures are very painful and can require serious treatment. Learn your rights as an injured worker. CALL NOW 641- ... What Benefits Can I Receive if I Have a Calcaneus Fracture?. If you or a loved one have sustained a calcaneus fracture then you ... Can a Calcaneus Fracture Cause Permanent Disability Under Iowa Work Comp?. Get Help Today!. Tell us your story, and well tell ... A calcaneus injury (a fractured heel bone) can be one of the most disabling injuries that an injured worker can receive. ...
  • citation needed] At the upper and forepart of the medial surface of the calcaneus, below the middle talar facet, there is a horizontal eminence, the talar shelf (also sustentaculum tali). (wikipedia.org)
  • It separates the two oblique grooves of the lateral surface of the calcaneus (for the tendons of the peroneal muscles). (wikipedia.org)
  • The anterior and posterior facets of the talocalcaneal joint are on the superior surface of the calcaneus. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Distally, dissect straight down to the lateral surface of the calcaneus by sharp dissection. (orthofixar.com)
  • Superior surface of the calcaneus bone. (medscape.com)
  • These structures are thought to be shielded by the medial projection of the sustentaculum tali, which is held in place by the medial talocalcaneal interosseous ligaments during fracture of the calcaneus. (medscape.com)
  • In severe cases, particularly involving a displaced fracture of the calcaneus, patients may be unable to weight bear. (physioadvisor.com.au)
  • Dr. Ebraheim's educational animated video describes fracture of the calcaneus - heel bone. (freemedicalvideos.com)
  • Avulsion fracture of the calcaneus is an emergency. (freemedicalvideos.com)
  • Stress fracture of the calcaneus may be misdiagnosed as plantar fasciitis. (freemedicalvideos.com)
  • Positive squeeze test could mean there is a stress fracture of the calcaneus. (freemedicalvideos.com)
  • Fractures of the calcaneus, or os calcis, have been observed and documented for centuries. (medscape.com)
  • Despite improvements in imaging, as well as a better understanding of the patterns of injury in complex fractures of the calcaneus, opinions on the management of such injuries continue to differ. (medscape.com)
  • Fractures of the calcaneus may or may not involve the subtalar and surrounding joints. (impressionfoot.com)
  • Fractures of the calcaneus could be open or closed. (freemedicalvideos.com)
  • 2-Open fractures of the calcaneus--May lead to amputation & there is a high risk of infection. (freemedicalvideos.com)
  • PL: calcanei or calcanea) or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitutes the heel. (wikipedia.org)
  • A calcaneus fracture is a condition characterized by a break in the heel bone of the foot, known as the calcaneus (figure 1). (physioadvisor.com.au)
  • The calcaneus (heel bone) is responsible for transferring weight bearing forces from the ankle to the ground during standing, walking and running activities (figure 1). (physioadvisor.com.au)
  • During certain activities, such as landing on the heel bone from a height, or when rolling an ankle, stress is placed on the calcaneus bone. (physioadvisor.com.au)
  • A calcaneus fracture typically occurs due to traumatic weight bearing forces such as a landing on the heel bone from a height. (physioadvisor.com.au)
  • The calcaneus is the heel bone. (spoc-ortho.com)
  • One of the more severe breaks is known as a calcaneus fracture or a heel bone fracture. (triadfoot.com)
  • Keep in mind that while calcaneus fractures are less common than other fractures in the foot and ankle, delaying diagnosis and treatment can be devastating to long-term use of the foot so if you suspect you may have a heel bone fracture, be sure to see a podiatrist right away. (triadfoot.com)
  • This condition is a break in the heel bone, called the calcaneus, which forms the back of the foot. (txfootdoctor.com)
  • A calcaneus injury (a fractured heel bone) can be one of the most disabling injuries that an injured worker can receive. (iowainjured.com)
  • The calcaneus, also called the heel bone, is a large bone that forms the foundation of the rear part of the foot. (impressionfoot.com)
  • The tarsal sinus is a large gap between the anterior ends of the talus and calcaneus on its lateral aspect. (radiopaedia.org)
  • It deals with the complex problems that arise in the treatment of fractures of the tibial pilon, talus and calcaneus. (powells.com)
  • The connection between the talus and calcaneus forms the subtalar joint. (impressionfoot.com)
  • In humans, the calcaneus is the largest of the tarsal bones and the largest bone of the foot. (wikipedia.org)
  • The talus bone, calcaneus, and navicular bone are considered the proximal row of tarsal bones. (wikipedia.org)
  • The body of the calcaneus is composed primarily of cancellous bone, having a comparatively thin cortex. (medscape.com)
  • The calcaneus is the largest bone of the human foot. (wikidoc.org)
  • The calcaneus , also referred to as the calcaneum , (plural: calcanei or calcanea) is the largest tarsal bone and the major bone in the hindfoot . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The calcaneus is an irregular, roughly cuboidal bone sitting below the talus. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The calcaneus bone also forms joints with several other small bones of the foot including the navicular and cuboid (figure 2). (physioadvisor.com.au)
  • When this stress is traumatic, and beyond what the bone can withstand, a break in the calcaneus may occur. (physioadvisor.com.au)
  • Because of the large forces required to break the calcaneus bone, this condition often occurs in combination with other injuries such as a sprained ankle or other fractures of the foot, ankle or lower leg. (physioadvisor.com.au)
  • Patients with a calcaneus fracture may also experience swelling, bruising and pain on firmly touching the affected region of bone. (physioadvisor.com.au)
  • The majority of stress injuries of the calcaneus occur in the posterior part of the bone, but a considerable proportion can also be found in the middle and anterior parts. (orthobullets.com)
  • The calcaneus is often compared to a hard boiled egg, because it has a thin, hard shell on the outside and softer, spongy bone on the inside. (impressionfoot.com)
  • Measurements of broadband ultrasound attenuation (dB/MHz) through the calcaneus (CBUA) and ultrasound velocity (m/s) through the calcaneus (CVOS), distal radius (RVOS), and proximal phalanx of the index finger (PVOS) were performed using a Contact Ultrasonic Bone Analyzer (CUBA Research). (nih.gov)
  • The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone of hindfoot and its fractures are most difficult to treat. (jnsbm.org)
  • We believe that the present study has provided additional data on vascular foramina of calcaneus in the Indian population, which will be an anatomical guide to surgical interventions involving the calcaneus bone. (jnsbm.org)
  • The anatomy of the calcaneus is complex with multiple processes and grooves for support of related bony and soft tissue structures. (orthobullets.com)
  • This article focuses on the use of commonly employed radiologic modalities with respect to the anatomy of the calcaneus and some of the more common and challenging conditions that affect the calcaneus. (orthobullets.com)
  • The calcaneus is white, and the other bones of the foot and ankle are clear to illustrate the position and relationship of the calcaneus to the other tarsal bones. (wikipedia.org)
  • Collimate to outer skin margins to include the ankle joint proximally and the entire calcaneus. (radtechonduty.com)
  • The calcaneus is situated below the talus and connects with the talus to form the subtalar joint (figure 1). (physioadvisor.com.au)
  • The calcaneus connects with the talus and cuboid bones. (impressionfoot.com)
  • Calcaneus is demonstrated in profile with the talus and distal tibia-fibula demonstrated superiorly, as well as the navicular and the open joint space of the calcaneus and cuboid distally. (radtechonduty.com)
  • Calcar Bohler's angle Sanders classification Left calcaneus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bones of foot 3D rendering of a left calcaneus derived from CT scan data. (wikipedia.org)
  • A total of 3112 vascular foramina were found on the right and left calcaneus. (jnsbm.org)
  • Angle of Gissane (120-145°): Angle between line along lateral margin of posterior facet and line anterior to beak of calcaneus. (examcollab.com)
  • Bohler angle is formed by a line drawn from the highest point of the anterior process of the calcaneus to the highest point of the posterior facet and a line drawn tangential to the superior edge of the tuberosity. (freemedicalvideos.com)
  • The middle facet lies on a medially projecting process of the calcaneus called the sustentaculum tali (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The anterior facet lies on the anterior process of the calcaneus and articulates with the anterior calcaneal facet on the talus. (medscape.com)
  • In the calcaneus, several important structures can be distinguished: There is a large calcaneal tuberosity located posteriorly on plantar surface with medial and lateral tubercles on its surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • The posterior-most portion of the calcaneus is the calcaneal tuberosity , a large, non-articulating process that is the insertion point for the calcaneal tendon (or Achilles tendon ). (wikidoc.org)
  • Open reduction and internal fixation of the calcaneus is generally delayed for 1-2 weeks to allow for improvement of the soft tissue swelling, except with fractures of the posterior tuberosity (avulsion fracture) which can cause skin tenting and urgent reduction is recommended. (freemedicalvideos.com)
  • The calcaneus has four articular facets, which allow it to articulate with the talus superiorly and the cuboid anteriorly. (medscape.com)
  • The superior calcaneal surface (see the following images) of the calcaneus has 2 parts: articular and nonarticular. (medscape.com)
  • Normally the tibia sits vertically above the calcaneus (pes rectus). (wikipedia.org)
  • The calcaneus is part of two joints: the proximal intertarsal joint and the talocalcaneal joint. (wikipedia.org)
  • Any bony lessions involving the calcaneus, talus, and talocalcaneal joint will be shown and will demonstrate extend and alignment of fractures. (radtechonduty.com)
  • On the otherwise fairly smooth lateral aspect of the calcaneus is the fibular trochlea (peroneal tubercle) anterior to the middle of the surface, where the tendons of the fibularis brevis and longus muscles pass above and below respectively. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The calcaneus is roughly 3-dimensionally rectangular in shape, with its long axis directed anteriorly and laterally, and it has 6 surfaces. (medscape.com)
  • Calcaneus fractures can vary in location, severity and type including stress fracture, displaced fracture, un-displaced fracture, comminuted fracture etc. (physioadvisor.com.au)
  • A stress fracture to the calcaneus may occur as a result of overuse often associated from a recent increase or high volume of running or marching activity. (physioadvisor.com.au)
  • The tibial artery, nerve, posterior tibial tendon, and flexor hallucis longus tendon course along the medial wall of the calcaneus, though they are rarely damaged in calcaneus fractures caused by blunt force. (medscape.com)
  • Luxation or subluxation of the superficial digital flexor tendon from the point of the hock may occur after disruption to the retinaculum that attaches the tendon to the calcaneus. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • In horses in which the tendon is unstable and subluxates on and off the tuber calcanei, endoscopy of the calcaneal bursa reveals disruption of both the medial retinacular/calcaneal insertion of the superficial digital flexor tendon and its associated fibrocartilage, with disruption of the medial wall of the bursa creating or establishing communication with an acquired subcutaneous bursa. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • 3-Malunion of the calcaneus 4-Peroneal tendon irritation and impingement from the lateral wall. (freemedicalvideos.com)
  • Lateral view of the calcaneus and cuboid bones. (medscape.com)
  • Its chief anatomical significance is as a point of divergence of the previously common pathway shared by the distal tendons of peroneus longus and peroneus brevis en route to their distinct respective attachment sites. (wikipedia.org)
  • With respect to imaging, the calcaneus and its articulations are a diagnostic challenge to radiologists and clinicians. (orthobullets.com)
  • For those calcaneus fractures that are displaced, treatment typically involves anatomical reduction (i.e. re-alignment of the fracture by careful manipulation under anesthetic) followed by surgical internal fixation to stabilize the fracture (e.g. use of screws). (physioadvisor.com.au)
  • The posterior part of the calcaneus is circular, with three facets (superior, middle and inferior). (radiopaedia.org)
  • Morphometric measurements of the calcanei were performed involving the length of the calcaneal axis (LCA), height of the anterior process (HAP), and length of the anterior process (LAP). (psu.edu)
  • Three muscles insert on the calcaneus: the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris. (wikipedia.org)
  • The calcaneus (os calcis) is the largest of the tarsal bones. (medscape.com)
  • Incise the periosteum of the lateral wall of the calcaneus and develop a full thickness flap consisting of periosteum and all the overlying tissues. (orthofixar.com)
  • Fractures or breaks of the calcaneus commonly occur after a fall from a height or car accident. (spoc-ortho.com)
  • QUS measurements were made of the calcaneus and BMD measurements of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and proximal femur. (who.int)
  • Apophysitis of the calcaneus is painful disruption between the calcaneal apophysis and the body of the heel that occurs before calcaneal ossification is complete. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The point of the calcaneus is covered by the calcanean bursa. (wikipedia.org)
  • difficult to distinguish from an os calcaneus secundarius if the suspected fracture is subacute or chronic. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Stress injuries of the calcaneus detected with magnetic resonance imaging in military recruits. (orthobullets.com)
  • Of the thirty-four injuries, nineteen occurred in the posterior part of the calcaneus, six occurred in the middle part of the calcaneus, and nine occurred in the anterior part of the calcaneus, with 79% occurring in the upper region and 21% occurring in the lower region. (orthobullets.com)
  • A distinct association emerged between injuries of the different parts of the calcaneus and stress injuries in the surrounding bones. (orthobullets.com)
  • Some calcaneus fractures can be associated with other injuries to the bones of the thigh, leg, or even the spine. (txfootdoctor.com)
  • The diagnosis of apophysitis of the calcaneus is clinical. (msdmanuals.com)