Calbindin 2. Medical search

A calcium-binding protein that mediates calcium HOMEOSTASIS in KIDNEYS, BRAIN, and other tissues. It is found in well-defined populations of NEURONS and is involved in CALCIUM SIGNALING and NEURONAL PLASTICITY. It is regulated in some tissues by VITAMIN D.

Calcium-binding proteins that are found in DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES, INTESTINES, BRAIN, and other tissues where they bind, buffer and transport cytoplasmic calcium. Calbindins possess a variable number of EF-HAND MOTIFS which contain calcium-binding sites. Some isoforms are regulated by VITAMIN D.

A calbindin protein found in many mammalian tissues, including the UTERUS, PLACENTA, BONE, PITUITARY GLAND, and KIDNEYS. In intestinal ENTEROCYTES it mediates intracellular calcium transport from apical to basolateral membranes via calcium binding at two EF-HAND MOTIFS. Expression is regulated in some tissues by VITAMIN D.

A calbindin protein that is differentially expressed in distinct populations of NEURONS throughout the vertebrate and invertebrate NERVOUS SYSTEM, and modulates intrinsic neuronal excitability and influences LONG-TERM POTENTIATION. It is also found in LUNG, TESTIS, OVARY, KIDNEY, and BREAST, and is expressed in many tumor types found in these tissues. It is often used as an immunohistochemical marker for MESOTHELIOMA.

Low molecular weight, calcium binding muscle proteins. Their physiological function is possibly related to the contractile process.

Agents, usually topical, that cause the contraction of tissues for the control of bleeding or secretions.

Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. They typically contain EF HAND MOTIFS.

The mucous lining of the LARYNX, consisting of various types of epithelial cells ranging from stratified squamous EPITHELIUM in the upper larynx to ciliated columnar epithelium in the rest of the larynx, mucous GOBLET CELLS, and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.

Secretagogins are EF HAND MOTIF-containing calcium-binding proteins that are involved in early neuronal migration and neurogenesis. They are also present in many adult organs and in brain and endocrine neoplasms.

Most generally any NEURONS which are not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose AXONS remain within a particular brain region in contrast to projection neurons, which have axons projecting to other brain regions.

Calcium-binding motifs composed of two helices (E and F) joined by a loop. Calcium is bound by the loop region. These motifs are found in many proteins that are regulated by calcium.

A bundle of NERVE FIBERS connecting each posterior horn of the spinal cord to the opposite side of the THALAMUS, carrying information about pain, temperature, and touch. It is one of two major routes by which afferent spinal NERVE FIBERS carrying sensations of somaesthesis are transmitted to the THALAMUS.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption.

The output neurons of the cerebellar cortex.

Clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons. Sensory ganglia may also have intrinsic interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

Transference of fetal tissue between individuals of the same species or between individuals of different species.

Several groups of nuclei in the thalamus that serve as the major relay centers for sensory impulses in the brain.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetylcholine from acetyl-CoA and choline. EC 2.3.1.6.

The portion of renal tubule that begins from the enlarged segment of the ascending limb of the LOOP OF HENLE. It reenters the KIDNEY CORTEX and forms the convoluted segments of the distal tubule.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

NEURONS in the inner nuclear layer of the RETINA that synapse with both the RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS and the RETINAL BIPOLAR CELLS, as well as other horizontal cells. The horizontal cells modulate the sensory signal.

The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

NMR spectroscopy on small- to medium-size biological macromolecules. This is often used for structural investigation of proteins and nucleic acids, and often involves more than one isotope.

The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

Circadian rhythm signaling proteins that influence circadian clock by interacting with other circadian regulatory proteins and transporting them into the CELL NUCLEUS.

Flavoproteins that function as circadian rhythm signaling proteins in ANIMALS and as blue-light photoreceptors in PLANTS. They are structurally-related to DNA PHOTOLYASES and it is believed that both classes of proteins may have originated from an earlier protein that played a role in protecting primitive organisms from the cyclical exposure to UV LIGHT.

Specialized cells in the invertebrates that detect and transduce light. They are predominantly rhabdomeric with an array of photosensitive microvilli. Illumination depolarizes invertebrate photoreceptors by stimulating Na+ influx across the plasma membrane.

The female reproductive organs. The external organs include the VULVA; BARTHOLIN'S GLANDS; and CLITORIS. The internal organs include the VAGINA; UTERUS; OVARY; and FALLOPIAN TUBES.

Exogenous agents, synthetic and naturally occurring, which are capable of disrupting the functions of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM including the maintenance of HOMEOSTASIS and the regulation of developmental processes. Endocrine disruptors are compounds that can mimic HORMONES, or enhance or block the binding of hormones to their receptors, or otherwise lead to activating or inhibiting the endocrine signaling pathways and hormone metabolism.

The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.

The system of glands that release their secretions (hormones) directly into the circulatory system. In addition to the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, included are the CHROMAFFIN SYSTEM and the NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEMS.

Organic chemistry methodology that mimics the modular nature of various biosynthetic processes. It uses highly reliable and selective reactions designed to "click" i.e., rapidly join small modular units together in high yield, without offensive byproducts. In combination with COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES, it is used for the synthesis of new compounds and combinatorial libraries.

The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.

A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)

A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE. It is the source of COTTON FIBER; COTTONSEED OIL, which is used for cooking, and GOSSYPOL. The economically important cotton crop is a major user of agricultural PESTICIDES.

A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.

A plant genus of the family RUBIACEAE. Members contain uncarine and other cytotoxic and hypotensive oxindole alkaloids.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

A TEXTILE fiber obtained from the pappus (outside the SEEDS) of cotton plant (GOSSYPIUM). Inhalation of cotton fiber dust over a prolonged period can result in BYSSINOSIS.

Drugs that bind to and activate excitatory amino acid receptors.

Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.

Stainless steel. A steel containing Ni, Cr, or both. It does not tarnish on exposure and is used in corrosive environments. (Grant & Hack's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.

A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)

Electrodes with an extremely small tip, used in a voltage clamp or other apparatus to stimulate or record bioelectric potentials of single cells intracellularly or extracellularly. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Techniques used mostly during brain surgery which use a system of three-dimensional coordinates to locate the site to be operated on.

Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.

Surgically placed electric conductors through which ELECTRIC STIMULATION is delivered to or electrical activity is recorded from a specific point inside the body.

Characterization of nodular neuronal heterotopia in children. (1/362)

Neuronal heterotopia are seen in various pathologies and are associated with intractable epilepsy. We examined brain tissue from four children with subcortical or periventricular nodular heterotopia of different aetiologies: one with severe epilepsy following focal brain trauma at 17 weeks gestation, one with hemimegalencephaly and intractable epilepsy, one with focal cortical dysplasia and intractable epilepsy, and one dysmorphic term infant with associated hydrocephalus and polymicrogyria. The connectivity of nodules was investigated using histological and carbocyanine dye (DiI) tracing techniques. DiI crystal placement adjacent to heterotopic nodules revealed numerous DiI-labelled fibres within a 2-3 mm radius of the crystals. Although we observed labelled fibres closely surrounding nodules, the majority did not penetrate them. Placement of DiI crystals within nodules also identified a limited number of projections out of the nodules and in one case there was evidence for connectivity between adjacent nodules. The cellular and neurochemical composition of nodules was also examined using immunohistochemistry for calretinin and neuropeptide Y (NPY), which are normally expressed in GABAergic cortical interneurons. Within heterotopic nodules from all cases, numerous calretinin-positive neurons were identified, along with a few cell bodies and many processes positive for NPY. Calretinin-positive neurons within nodules were less morphologically complex than those in the cortex, which may reflect incomplete differentiation into an inhibitory neuronal phenotype. There were also abnormal clusters of calretinin-positive cells in the overlying cortical plate, indicating that the migratory defect which produces heterotopic nodules also affects development of the cortex itself. Thus, heterotopic nodules consisting of multiple neuronal cell types are associated with malformation in the overlying cortical plate, and have limited connectivity with other brain regions. This abnormal development of connectivity may affect neuronal maturation and consequently the balance of excitation and inhibition in neuronal circuits, leading to their epileptogenic potential. (+info)

Measurements of [Ca2+] using fura-2 in glioma C6 cells expressing calretinin with GFP as a marker of transfection: no Ca2+-buffering provided by calretinin. (2/362)

Glioma C6 cells were transfected with a plasmid containing the calretinin (CR) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) coding regions to analyze the effect of CR's presence on [Ca2+]i. Positive transfectants were identified by the detection of GFP and [Ca2+]i was measured using fura-2 as a probe. We found that neither the basic [Ca2+]i nor activated [Ca2+]i achieved by exposure to ionomycin, ADP or thapsigargin were affected by CR's presence in transfected cells, despite the ability of CR to bind Ca2+ as part of fusion protein. The level of expressed CR was estimated as at least 1 microM. The presented results suggest that CR's function is unlikely to be an intracellular Ca2+-buffer and support the hypothesis that CR might be involved in a specific Ca2+-dependent process. The results of this work also show that the S65T mutant of GFP is compatible with fura-2 measurements of intracellular [Ca2+]. We have demonstrated that the presence of GFP, as a transfection marker of glioma C6 cells, does not disturb fura-2 fluorescence, the basal or activated [Ca2+]i in these cells. (+info)

Immunohistological studies of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 6-deficient mice show no abnormality of retinal cell organization and ganglion cell maturation. (3/362)

Immature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) initially show a multistratified dendritic pattern, and, during the postnatal period, these dendrites gradually monostratify into ON and OFF sublaminae. The selective agonist of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-AP-4), hyperpolarizes ON bipolar cells and reduces glutamate release. On the basis of L-AP-4-evoked inhibitory effects on ON-OFF segregation of developing RGCs, it has been hypothesized that glutamate-mediated synaptic activity is crucial for formation of the ON-OFF network. Gene-targeted ablation of mGluR6 specifically expressed in ON bipolar cells blocks normal ON responses but has been predicted to enhance glutamate release from ON bipolar cells. The mGluR6 knock-out mouse therefore provides a unique opportunity to investigate whether glutamate release and ON responses are important factors in the development of ON-OFF segregation. The combination of several different morphological analyses indicates that ON bipolar cells, as well as several distinct amacrine cells, in mGluR6 knock-out mice are normally distributed and correctly extend their terminals to defined retinal laminae. Importantly, both alpha and delta RGCs in adult mGluR6 knock-out mice are found monostratified into cell type-specific layers. Furthermore, no difference between wild-type and mGluR6 knock-out mice is observed in the maturation and dendritic stratification of developing RGCs. Hence, despite a deficit in normal ON responses, mGluR6 deficiency causes no abnormality in the retinal cellular organization nor in the stratifications of both ON bipolar cells and developing and mature RGCs. Based on these findings, we discuss several possible mechanisms that may underlie ON-OFF segregation of RGCs. (+info)

Impaired motor coordination and Purkinje cell excitability in mice lacking calretinin. (4/362)

In the cerebellum, the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse can undergo long-term synaptic plasticity suggested to underlie motor learning and resulting from variations in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Ca2+ binding proteins are enriched in the cerebellum, but their role in information processing is not clear. Here, we show that mice deficient in calretinin (Cr-/-) are impaired in tests of motor coordination. An impairment in Ca2+ homeostasis in Cr-/- Purkinje cells was supported by the high Ca2+-saturation of calbindin-D28k in these cells. The firing behavior of Purkinje cells is severely affected in Cr-/- alert mice, with alterations of simple spike firing rate, complex spike duration, and simple spike pause. In contrast, in slices, transmission at parallel fiber- or climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synapses is unaltered, indicating that marked modifications of the firing behavior in vivo can be undetectable in slice. Thus, these results show that calretinin plays a major role at the network level in cerebellar physiology. (+info)

Postnatal expression of calretinin-immunoreactivity in periodontal Ruffini endings in the rat incisor: a comparison with protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5)-immunoreactivity. (5/362)

The postnatal expression of immunoreactivity for calretinin, one of the calcium binding proteins, and for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), a general neuronal marker, was investigated in mechanoreceptive Ruffini endings in the periodontal ligament of the rat incisor. Age-related changes in the expression of these two proteins in periodontal nerves were further quantified with a computerized image analysis. At 1 day after birth, a few PGP 9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibers and a still smaller number of calretinin-positive fibers were found in the periodontal ligament: they were thin and beaded in appearance and no specialized nerve terminals were recognized. Tree-like terminals, reminiscent of immature Ruffini endings, were recognizable in 4-day-old rats by PGP 9.5-immunohistochemistry, while calretinin-immunostaining failed to reveal these specialized endings. At postnatal 7-11 days when PGP 9.5-immunostaining could demonstrate typical Ruffini endings, calretinin-immunopositive nerve fibers merely tapered off without forming the Ruffini type endings. A small number of Ruffini endings showing calretinin-immunoreactivity began to occur in the periodontal ligament at 24-26 days after birth when the occlusion of the first molars had been established. At the functional occlusion stage (60-80 days after birth), the Ruffini endings showing calretinin-immunoreactivity drastically increased in number and density, but less so than those positive for PGP 9.5-immunoreaction. The delayed expression of calretinin suggests that the function of the periodontal Ruffini endings is established after the completion of terminal formation because Ca2+, which binds to calcium binding proteins including calretinin with high affinity, plays an important role in mechano-electric transduction. (+info)

Calretinin immunoreactive nerve endings in the trachea and bronchi of the rat. (6/362)

Nerve endings showing calretinin immunoreactivity were examined in the lower respiratory tract of the adult rat. Tree-like nerve endings were immunostained in the tracheal and bronchial smooth muscle layer. The endings that arose from thick nerve fibers and formed corpuscles composed of many arborized nerve terminals. A few of the nerve endings were also observed in the lamina propria of the tracheal mucosa, close to the epithelial layer. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the immunoreactive terminals were filled with mitochondria and scattered among the intermuscular collagen fibrils. Schwann cell sheath and collagen fibrils were intercalated between the smooth muscle cells and nerve endings. The calretinin immunoreactive nerve endings observed in the present study seem to be slowly adapting stretch receptors. (+info)

Colchicine causes excessive ocular growth and myopia in chicks. (7/362)

Colchicine has been reported to destroy ganglion cells (GCs) in the retina of hatchling chicks. We tested whether colchicine influences normal ocular growth and form-deprivation myopia, and whether it affects cells other than GCs. Colchicine greatly increased axial length, equatorial diameter, eye weight, and myopic refractive error, while reducing corneal curvature. Colchicine caused DNA fragmentation in many GCs and some amacrine cells and photoreceptors, ultimately leading to the destruction of most GCs and particular sub-sets of amacrine cells. Colchicine-induced ocular growth may result from the destruction of amacrine cells that normally suppress ocular growth, and corneal flattening may result from the destruction of GCs whose central pathway normally plays a role in shaping the cornea. (+info)

Math1: an essential gene for the generation of inner ear hair cells. (8/362)

The mammalian inner ear contains the cochlea and vestibular organs, which are responsible for hearing and balance, respectively. The epithelia of these sensory organs contain hair cells that function as mechanoreceptors to transduce sound and head motion. The molecular mechanisms underlying hair cell development and differentiation are poorly understood. Math1, a mouse homolog of the Drosophila proneural gene atonal, is expressed in inner ear sensory epithelia. Embryonic Math1-null mice failed to generate cochlear and vestibular hair cells. This gene is thus required for the genesis of hair cells. (+info)

This gene encodes calbindin D9K, a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein. This cytosolic protein belongs to a family of ... Jeung EB, Krisinger J, Dann JL, Leung PC (Sep 1992). "Molecular cloning of the full-length cDNA encoding the human calbindin- ... 2004). "Control of differentiation-induced calbindin-D9k gene expression in Caco-2 cells by cdx-2 and HNF-1α". Am. J. Physiol. ... Howard A, Legon S, Spurr NK, Walters JR (1992). "Molecular cloning and chromosomal assignment of human calbindin-D9k". Biochem ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S100G

"Entrez Gene: calbindin 2". Parmentier M, Passage E, Vassart G, Mattei MG (1991). "The human calbindin D28k (CALB1) and ... Expression was found in different neurons than that of the similar vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, calbindin-28kDa ... Calretinin, also known as calbindin 2 (formerly 29 kDa calbindin), is a calcium-binding protein involved in calcium signaling. ... 16 (2): 118-24. doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e31819923ce. PMID 19550372. S2CID 22438395. Winn B, Tavares R, Fanion J, Noble L, Gao J, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calretinin

Calbindin Calmodulin Calsequestrin Kinjo, Tashi G; Schnetkamp, Paul PM. Ca2+ Chemistry, Storage and Transport in Biologic ... Compartmentalization of calcium binding proteins such as calretinin and calbindin-28 kDa has been noted within cells, ... calretinin and calbindin-28 kDa, in ganglion and amacrine cells of the rat retina". Molecular Vision. 14: 1600-1613. PMC ... Madame Curie Bioscience Database [Internet]. Retrieved 2 May 2016. Yáñez M, Gil-Longo J, Campos-Toimil M (2012). "Calcium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium-binding_protein

IMPA1 has been shown to interact with Bergmann glial S100B and calbindin. L-690,330 is a competitive inhibitor of IMPase ... Schmidt H, Schwaller B, Eilers J (April 2005). "Calbindin D28k targets myo-inositol monophosphatase in spines and dendrites of ... Berggard T, Szczepankiewicz O, Thulin E, Linse S (2003). "Myo-inositol monophosphatase is an activated target of calbindin D28k ... "Myo-inositol monophosphatase is an activated target of calbindin D28k". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (44): 41954-9. doi:10.1074/jbc. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inositol_monophosphatase_1

The VL is stained for calbindin and acetylcholinesterase. The axons ascend in the nucleus where they branch profusely. The VL ... François, C.; Yelnik, J.; Percheron, G.; Tandé, D. (1994). "Calbindin-D-28K as a marker of the associative coertical territory ... Part 2. Ch.21. pp. 1017-1061 diFiglia, M.; Pasik, P.; Pasik, T. (1982). "A Golgi and ultrastructural study of the monkey globus ... 3.0.co;2-i. PMID 10660885. Sato, F.; Parent, M.; Levesque, M.; Parent, A. (2000). "Axonal branching patterns of neurons of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primate_basal_ganglia

Those in the upper layer (or dorsal tier) contain a binding protein called calbindin-D28K which can buffer calcium levels ... Nemoto, C.; Hida, T.; Arai, R. (1999-10-30). "Calretinin and calbindin-D28k in dopaminergic neurons of the rat midbrain: a ... "Calbindin content and differential vulnerability of midbrain efferent dopaminergic neurons in macaques". Frontiers in ... 29 (2): 444-453. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4029-08.2009. ISSN 1529-2401. PMC 6664950. PMID 19144844. Prensa, L.; Parent, A. (2001- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigrostriatal_pathway

The latter group is represented by calbindin D9k and do not undergo calcium dependent conformational changes. EPS15 homology ( ... and Ca2+ buffers such as calreticulin and calbindin D9k. While the majority of the known EF-hand Calcium-binding proteins ( ... 269 (2): 454-6. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)81214-9. PMID 2401372. Finn BE, Forsén S (January 1995). "The evolving model of ... 11 (2): 198-205. doi:10.1110/ps.33302. PMC 2373453. PMID 11790829. Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_EH_1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EF_hand

"Choline deficiency alters global histone methylation and epigenetic marking at the Re1 site of the calbindin 1 gene". FASEB J. ... 13 (2): 115-7. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.01.011. PMID 21284975. Ng S.F., Lin R.C., Laybutt D.R., Barres R., Owens J.A., Morris M. ... 128 (2 Suppl): 401S-406S. doi:10.1093/jn/128.2.401S. PMID 9478036. Mehedint MG, Niculescu MD, Craciunescu CN, Zeisel SH (Jan ... 65 (2): 88-94. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00285.x. PMID 17345961. Martin JF, Johnston CR, Han CT, Benyshek DC (April 2000 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutriepigenomics

Calcium influx from the diet and its subsequent binding to calbindin-D9k could be the rate-limiting step that modulates vitamin ... Koo TH, Yang H, Jeung EB (2011-07-01). "Expression of Calcium Transport Genes in the Placenta of Calbindin-D9k and -D28k ... TRPV6 is known to co-localize with TRPV5 Calbindin-D28K in apical domains of distal convoluted tubules and connecting tubules [ ... In many rodent lines, genetic variations in TRPV6, calbindin-D9k, PMCA1b mRNA influence intestinal Ca absorption and its impact ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV6

A specific, recognizable feature of Purkinje neurons is the expression of calbindin. Calbindin staining of rat brain after ... Whitney ER, Kemper TL, Rosene DL, Bauman ML, Blatt GJ (February 2008). "Calbindin-D28k is a more reliable marker of human ... Retrieved 2 February 2015. Horvath S, Mah V, Lu AT, Woo JS, Choi OW, Jasinska AJ, Riancho JA, Tung S, Coles NS, Braun J, ... 129 (Pt 2): 290-2. doi:10.1093/brain/awh729. PMID 16434422. Fine EJ, Ionita CC, Lohr L (December 2002). "The history of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellum

Other calcium-binding protein markers are calretinin (most abundant subtype in DLPFC, about 50%) and calbindin. Interneurons ... calbindin D-28k or parvalbumin in monkey prefrontal cortex: distribution and morphology". The Journal of Comparative Neurology ... the role of the calcium-binding proteins calbindin D-28k, calretinin and parvalbumin, in cerebellar physiology. Studies with ... 63 (2): 437-48. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2014.09.019. PMID 25451973. Fernandes TJ, Costa J, Carrapatoso I, Oliveira MB, Mafra I ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvalbumin

Vitamin D also increases transcription of genes that code for Calbindin. As the name implies, Calbindin functions as a calcium- ... Reddy and Katan recommend a salt intake below 5 g/day (5000 mg/day), and to increase potassium intake by 2 - 3 g/day. The study ... 2)Releases calcium from bones into the blood Vitamin D also plays a crucial role in maintaining serum calcium levels (Ca++ in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_health_claims_for_food

However, calbindin and calretinin also show low levels of staining in the ventral nuclear group and in the medial and lateral ... A given region usually stains for two of the three proteins-parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin The neurons comprising the ... Moderate amounts of parvalbumin staining are also present in regions of the medio-dorsal nucleus (MD). By contrast, calbindin ... The primate thalamus consists of a matrix of calbindin immunoreactive cells and a superimposed core of parvalbumin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix-core

... calbindin expressed in distal tubules and aquaporin 2 expressed in the collecting duct cells. The mammalian kidney develops ... 2:23) state that God searches out and inspects the kidneys, or "reins", of humans, together with the heart. The kidneys, like ... They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space, and in adult humans are about 12 centimetres (4 1⁄2 inches ... 5 (2/3): 70-83. doi:10.4024/230503.jbpc.05.02. Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins; Charles William McLaughlin; Susan Johnson; Maryanna ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney

... and calbindin. A small number of HSD2 neurons (less than 2%) may express the neuropeptide galanin. Their lack of expression of ... 497 (2): 223-50. doi:10.1002/cne.20993. PMID 16705681. Shin, JW; Geerling, JC; Loewy, AD (Dec 10, 2008). "Inputs to the ... 26 (2): 411-7. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3115-05.2006. PMID 16407537. Geerling, JC; Loewy, AD (Oct 18, 2006). "Aldosterone- ... 93 (2): 177-209. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2007.039891. PMID 17981930. Geerling, JC; Loewy, AD (Mar 2007). "Sodium depletion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSD2_neuron

"Calbindin 1, fibroblast growth factor 20, and alpha-synuclein in sporadic Parkinson's disease". Hum. Genet. 124 (1): 89-94. doi ... 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DECR1 gene. This gene encodes an accessory enzyme ... "Entrez Gene: 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1". Retrieved 2017-09-12. Alphey MS, Yu W, Byres E, Li D, Hunter WN (2005). "Structure ... Yu W, Chu X, Chen G, Li D (2005). "Studies of human mitochondrial 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 434 (1): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4-dienoyl-CoA_reductase_1

It is encoded in humans by the CALB2 gene and was formerly known as calbindin-D29k. S100G, formerly calbindin 3 and calbindin- ... Calbindin 1 or simply calbindin was first shown to be present in the intestine in birds and then found in the mammalian kidney ... Calbindins are three different calcium-binding proteins: calbindin, calretinin and S100G. They were originally described as ... and calbindin 1 has six. Unlike calbindin 1 and 2, S100G is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. S100G ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calbindin

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CALB1 gene. It belongs to the calbindin family of calcium-binding ... "Entrez Gene: Calbindin 1". Retrieved 2018-10-04. Noble JW, Almalki R, Roe SM, Wagner A, Duman R, Atack JR (October 2018). "The ... Bauer MC, Nilsson H, Thulin E, Frohm B, Malm J, Linse S (April 2008). "Zn2+ binding to human calbindin D(28k) and the role of ... Tao L, Murphy ME, English AM (May 2002). "S-nitrosation of Ca(2+)-loaded and Ca(2+)-free recombinant calbindin D(28K) from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calbindin_1

Calbindin is expressed by cerebellar Purkinje cells and granule cells of the hippocampus. The reorganization and migration of ... calbindin-stained Purkinje neurons in rat cerebellum after peripheral nerve injury suggests that calbindin may be a marker for ... Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) is a cytoskeletal protein. Its expression is weak in neuronal precursors but it ... 63 (2): 378-383. doi:10.1073/pnas.63.2.378. Islam, M (2007). "In situ hybridization histochemistry: a novel method for neuronal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronal_lineage_marker

Lutz W, Frank EM, Craig TA, Thompson R, Venters RA, Kojetin D, Cavanagh J, Kumar R (2003). "Calbindin D28K interacts with Ran- ... 2: 28. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-2-28. PMC 137593. PMID 12421467. Ideguchi H, Ueda A, Tanaka M, Yang J, Tsuji T, Ohno S, Hagiwara E ... 272 (1-2): 25-33. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00553-4. PMID 11470507. Caballero OL, Resto V, Patturajan M, Meerzaman D, Guo MZ, ... 2: 28. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-2-28. PMC 137593. PMID 12421467. Hafizi S, Alindri F, Karlsson R, Dahlbäck B (2003). "Interaction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RANBP9

... calbindin -calcitonin - calcitonin gene-related peptide - calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor - calcitonin receptor - ... Articles related to biochemistry include: Contents: Top 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 2-amino-5- ... Bcl-2 - bcr-abl fusion protein - benzene - benzene ring - beta-2 microglobulin - beta adrenergic receptor - beta sheet - beta-1 ... leucine-2-alanine enkephalin - leukotriene B4 receptor - LH - LH receptor - LHRH receptor - life - life form - Ligand - light ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

Woo TU, Shrestha K, Lamb D, Minns MM, Benes FM (April 2008). "N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor and Calbindin-Containing Neurons in ... calbindin, targeting the dendrites of pyramidal neurons, and the expression of the mRNA for the GluR5 kainate receptor in GABA ... 13 (2): 623-31. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-02-00623.1993. PMC 6576661. PMID 8093901. Manev H, Favaron M, Guidotti A, Costa E ( ... J. 173 (2): 278-86. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.11.007. PMID 16376594. Kinnamon SC, Vandenbeuch A (July 2009). "Receptors and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_receptor

A specific, recognizable feature of Purkinje neurons is the expression of calbindin.[20] Calbindin staining of rat brain after ... Whitney ER, Kemper TL, Rosene DL, Bauman ML, Blatt GJ (February 2008). "Calbindin-D28k is a more reliable marker of human ... 174 (2): 329-45. doi:10.1002/cne.901740209. PMID 864041.. *^ a b Romer AS, Parsons TS (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia ... 70 (2): 247-50. PMID 3299184.. *^ a b Hatten ME, Heintz N (1995). "Mechanisms of neural patterning and specification in the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellar_cortex

These cells, which show intense immunoreactivity for calbindin and calretinin, are characterized by their large size and axonal ... 3.0.CO;2-X. PMID 9699912. Neuronal Migration and Formation of Cellular Patterns During Brain Development - from the site of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_neuron

... s express somatostatin and sometimes calbindin, but not parvalbumin or vasoactive intestinal peptide. ... 15 (2): e2001392. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001392. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 5300109. PMID 28182735. Riedemann, T (17 June 2019). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinotti_cell

Calbindin is a protein involved in calcium ion transport within cells, and excess calcium in cells is toxic. The calbindin ... Secondly, dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta contain less calbindin than other dopaminergic neurons. ... "Midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the mouse that contain calbindin-D28k exhibit reduced vulnerability to MPTP-induced ... 2 (1): 1-14. doi:10.1007/BF02251241. PMID 2357268. Kim SJ, Sung JY, Um JW, Hattori N, Mizuno Y, Tanaka K, Paik SR, Kim J, Chung ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substantia_nigra

In the rat, few also express calbindin (CB) or calretinin (CR). Many of the DTN GABAergic cells do express parvalbumin (PV) ... 630 (1-2): 188-94. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90656-8. PMID 8118685. Dillingham CM, Holmes JD, Wright NF, Erichsen JT, Aggleton ... 16 (2): 117-33. doi:10.1016/s0891-0618(98)00063-5. PMID 10223311. Hayakawa T, Zyo K (1991). "Quantitative and ultrastructural ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus

However, some reports have indicated that Renshaw cells synthesize calcium-binding proteins calbindin-D28k and parvalbumin.[ ... 197 (2): 83-97. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.02020.x. PMID 19673737. Hultborn H (2006). "Spinal reflexes, mechanisms and ... 342 (2): 221-31. doi:10.1002/cne.903420206. PMID 8201033. Goshgarian, HG (2003). Neuroanatomic Organization of the Spinal Gray ... V0 neurons are commissural neurons that extend their axons rostrally for 2-4 spinal cord regions in the embryonic spinal cord. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_interneuron

The territory is stained for calbindin. The mediator of the pallido-thalamic connection is the inhibitor GABA. The ... Retinal axons from the controlateral retina end in stratae 1,4 and 6. Those from the ipsilateral retina end in 2,3 and 5. The ... Friedman, Jones E.G. (1986). "Thalamic input to area 3a and 2 in monkeys". J. Neurophysiol. 45 (59): 85. Kaas J.H., Nelson R.J ... 754 (1-2): 311-314. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00181-9. PMID 9134990. Parent M.; Parent A. (2004). "The pallidofugal motor fiber ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isothalamus

Alternating compartments of dense Cat-301 and calbindin immunore- activity in layer 4A". Cerebral Cortex. 12 (7): 671-691. doi: ... 49 (2): 257-8. PMID 18516336. Schmolesky, M. "The organization of the retina and visual system". Cite journal requires ,journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunate_sulcus

Calretinin, CR, Calb2, calbindin 2.. Introduction. Calretinin is an intracellular calcium-binding protein belonging to the ...

https://www.prospecbio.com/calmb2_mouse

Notably, increasing DG calbindin levels, either by direct virus-mediated expression or inhibition of ΔFosB signaling, improves ... Hippocampal inhibition of ΔFosB or elevation of calbindin rescues spatial memory deficits in mouse models of AD. The calcium- ... Moreover, levels of ΔFosB and calbindin expression are inversely related in the DG of individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy ( ... However, despite the importance of calbindin in both neuronal physiology and pathology, the regulatory mechanisms that control ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.4413?error=cookies_not_supported&code=8d9bc198-de4f-492d-8659-dcfd661cd544

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calbindin

Calbindin D-28k occurs in all major pathways of the limbic system with the exception of the fornix. Calbindin D-28k is, however ... Springer, Berlin) is very rich in calbindin D-28k. The distribution of calbindin D-28k-positive neurons is very similar to that ... Calbindin D-28k is primarily associated with long-axon neurons (Golgi type I cells) exemplified by thalamic projection neurons ... Calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin in the rat nervous system.. Celio MR1. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2199841

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S100G

Calbindin 2, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene ... CALB2 (Calbindin 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CALB2 include Adenomatoid Tumor and Adenofibroma. GO ... The human calbindin D28k (CALB1) and calretinin (CALB2) genes are located at 8q21.3----q22.1 and 16q22----q23, respectively, ... The GeneCards human gene database index: 2 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...

http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CALB2

Calbindin 2, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene ... CALB2 (Calbindin 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CALB2 include Adenomatoid Tumor and Sertoli-Leydig Cell ... The human calbindin D28k (CALB1) and calretinin (CALB2) genes are located at 8q21.3----q22.1 and 16q22----q23, respectively, ... calbindin (29kDa),vitamin D dependent calcium binding protein 2,from the intestine *CALB2 ...

https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CALB2&keywords=GH16J071387&prefilter=genomic_location

The solution structures of mutant calbindin D9ks, as determined by NMR, show that the calcium-binding site can adopt different ... CALBINDIN D9K A 76 Bos taurus Mutation: A15D, P20G, P43M Gene Name(s): S100G Gene View CALB3 S100D ... THE SOLUTION STRUCTURES OF MUTANT CALBINDIN D9KS, AS DETERMINED BY NMR, SHOW THAT THE CALCIUM BINDING SITE CAN ADOPT DIFFERENT ...

http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/litView.do?structureId=1BOC

1-calbindin D9k reveals details of the stepwise structural changes along the Apo(Ca2+)II1(Ca2+)I,II2 binding pathway. ... CALBINDIN D9K A 76 Bos taurus Mutation: P43G Details: BOVINE MINOR A FORM, CADMIUM-HALF-SATURATED, CADMIUM ION IS BOUND IN C- ... Solution structure of (CD2+)1-calbindin D9K reveals details of the stepwise structural changes along the apo (CA2+)II1 ( ...

http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/litView.do?structureId=1CDN

To further investigate the role of calbindin D28k in Alzheimers disease (AD); hippocampus, superior temporal gyrus and ... Calbindin D28k mRNA in hippocampus, superior temporal gyrus and cerebellum: comparison between control and Alzheimer disease ... To further investigate the role of calbindin D28k in Alzheimers disease (AD); hippocampus, superior temporal gyrus and ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7637586/?dopt=Abstract

Calbindin 28K and calretinin are very similar calcium binding proteins which are both present in the central nervous system ( ... Calbindin 28K is also present in the endocrine system. We have examined the cellular distribution of calbindin in the ... Calbindin 28K and calretinin are very similar calcium binding proteins which are both present in the central nervous system ( ... Pochet R, Pipeleers DG and Malaisse WJ (1987). Calbindin D 27 kDa: preferential localization in non-B islet cells of the rat ...

https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-5679-0_46

... calbindin D28) in rat brain and peripheral organs. Using a [35S]cRNA probe under high stringency conditions, specific mRNA was ... Localization of calbindin D28 mRNA in rat tissues by in situ hybridization Neurosci Lett. 1988 Mar 31;86(2):155-60. doi: ... Using a [35S]cRNA probe under high stringency conditions, specific mRNA was found in tissues well known for their calbindin D28 ... In situ hybridization histochemistry allows the precise identification of cells expressing calbindin D28 and offers a new ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3368117/

TSX: PLI) (OTCQX: PFSCF) (ProMetic or the Corporation) announced today that its Phase 2 clinical trial in... ... TSX: PLI) (OTCQX: PFSCF) (ProMetic or the Corporation) announced today that its Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with ... We are pleased to see that PBI-4050 continues to deliver the same solid results in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 ... In this open label Phase 2 clinical trial, PBI-4050 (800 mg) was administered once daily to 24 patients for a period of 12 ...

https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/prometics-pbi-4050-meets-primary-and-secondary-end-points-in-metabolic-syndrome-and-type-2-diabetes-phase-2-clinical-trial-597724601.html

CRF, Corticotropin-releasing hormone; CALB-1, calbindin 1; SOD2, superoxide dismutase 2; BCL-2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2; DRD1, ... Figure 2.. Age-dependent biological changes in neurons and glia. Known age-related cellular phenotypes are highlighted for ... Dopamine receptor D1; SYN2, synapsin II; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; NF-KB, nuclear factor kappa B; CNP, 2,3- ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23576889

Human calbindin-D28k has been overexpressed in E. coli, purified and crystallized. Diffraction data were collected to 2.4 Å ... Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of human Ca2+-loaded calbindin-D28k. ... APH(2′′)-Ic is an enzyme that is responsible for high-level gentamicin resistance in E. gallinarum isolates. Crystals of the ... Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of aminoglycoside-2′′-phosphotransferase-Ic [APH(2′′)-Ic] from ...

https://journals.iucr.org/f/issues/2008/02/00/index.html

29 kDa calbindin , calbindin 2, (29kD, calretinin) , calbindin D29K , calretinin , CR , calbindin 2, 29kDa , calbindin 2, 29kDa ... Zebrafish Calbindin 2 (CALB2) interaction partners * Downregulation of CRT gene may cause omphalocele in the Cd chick model by ... Show all anti-Calbindin 2 (CALB2) Antibodies with Pubmed References. * Chicken Polyclonal Calretinin Primary Antibody for IP, ... Human Calbindin 2 (CALB2) interaction partners * the Calreticulin deficiency-mediated increase in cell death was not prevented ...

https://www.antibodies-online.com/abstract/Calbindin+2+

29 kDa calbindin , calbindin 2, (29kD, calretinin) , calbindin D29K , calretinin , CR , calbindin 2, 29kDa , calbindin 2, 29kDa ... Zebrafish Calbindin 2 (CALB2) Interaktionspartner * Downregulation of CRT (zeige CALR Antikörper) gene may cause omphalocele in ... Show all anti-Calbindin 2 (CALB2) Antikörper with Pubmed References. * Human Monoclonal Calretinin Primary Antibody für BI, WB ... Mouse (Murine) Calbindin 2 (CALB2) Interaktionspartner * Absence of calretinin in mouse primary mesothelial cells inversely ...

https://www.antikoerper-online.de/abstract/Calbindin+2+

Although Calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k), a cytosolic calcium binding protein which has calcium binding sites, is expressed in various ... Reproduced with permission from Yun S-M, Choi KC, Kim IH, An BS, Lee GS, Hong EJ, Son JH, Oh GT, Jeung E-B 2004 Calbindin-D9k ... Yun SM, Choi KC, Kim IH, An BS, Lee GS, Hong EJ, Oh GT, Jeung EB: Dominant expression of porcine Calbindin-D9k in the uterus ... An BS, Choi KC, Kang SK, Lee GS, Hong EJ, Hwang WS, Jeung EB: Mouse calbindin-D(9k) gene expression in the uterus during late ...

https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1186/1477-7827-3-66

The expression of calbindin 1 and 2 proteins in human tissues and common tumours outside the central nervous system ... The expression of calbindin 1 and 2 proteins in human tissues and common tumours outside the central nervous system ...

https://www.octru.ox.ac.uk/publications/120886

Brinon, J. G., Alonso, J. R., Arevalo, R., Garcia-Ojeda, E., Lara, J., and Aijon, J. (1992). Calbindin D-28k-positive neurons ... The calcium-binding proteins, and particularly calretinin (CR) and calbindin (CB), have been extensively studied for their ... calbindin; CCK, cholecystokinin; CR, calretinin; CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; DHPG, (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine; ... FIGURE 2. FIGURE 2. Subtypes of neurons in the olfactory bulb. (A) Schematic illustration of the subtypes of periglomerular ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2014.00098/full

Calbindin-D28k and calretinin were both cloned from turtle brain cDNA. For calbindin-D28k, 243 of the 263 amino acid residues ... A, Calbindin-D28k-calretinin. Superimposed images of polyclonal anti-calbindin-D28k FITC fluorescence and monoclonal anti- ... 8). Labeling of the stereocilia was more conspicuous than with calbindin-D28k, and, similar to calbindin-D28k, was marked ... The subcellular distribution of calbindin-D28k and calretinin within the hair cells was quite different. Calbindin-D28k ...

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/23/11/4577

Distributions of the calcium-binding proteins differ from those seen in rodents; e.g., calbindin in CA3 of naked mole-rats ... Distributions of the calcium-binding proteins differ from those seen in rodents; e.g., calbindin in CA3 of naked mole-rats ... distributes similar to the pattern seen in early primate development, and calbindin staining extends into the stratum lacunosum ... distributes similar to the pattern seen in early primate development, and calbindin staining extends into the stratum lacunosum ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnana.2014.00039/full

Calbindin (CalB). Calbindin (CalB) neurons are also found throughout the core and shell subdivisions of the SCN. Silver and co- ... Like calbindin (CalB), CALR is a calcium binding protein. Apparently, there is a developmental reduction in Calbindin-D28k ... Silver, R, Romero, MT, Besmer, HR, Leak, R and Nunez, JM (1996). Calbindin-D28K cells in the hamster SCN express light-induced ... Hamada, T, LeSauter, J, Lokshin, M, Romero, MT, Yan, L, Venuti, JM and Silver, R (2003). Calbindin influences response to ...

https://www.jcircadianrhythms.com/articles/10.1186/1740-3391-4-2/print/

Calbindin 2. A calbindin protein that is differentially expressed in distinct populations of NEURONS throughout the vertebrate ... Pleural catheter will be placed first, then pts will receive 2 doses of intrapleural vector followed by front line or second ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/65162/Combination-Gene-Transfer-and-Chemotherapy.html

Additionally, calcium pump activity and calbindin-D28k expression were dramatically increased after GHE treatment, implicating ... 0/calbindin; 2552-55-8/Ibotenic Acid; EC 3.4.22.-/Caspase 3; EC 3.6.1.8/Calcium-Transporting ATPases ... Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / metabolism. Rats. Rats, Sprague-Dawley. Time Factors. bcl-2-Associated X Protein / metabolism ... 0/Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; 0/bcl-2-Associated X Protein; ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Gossypium-herbaceam-extracts-attenuate-ibotenic/19221423.html

Hypercalciuria during space flight: the role of calbindin D28K. * Giovambattista Capasso, M.D.. This experiment investigates ... The importance of the membrane-transporter protein calbindin for calcium re-absorption is being investigated. In particular the ... 2012; 26(2): 30-37. Forsman AD, Nier HA. The effects of spaceflight on mucin production in the mouse uterus. Gravitational and ... CBTM-2 is also expected to contribute data to the current body of research on microgravity effects on organ systems through a ...

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/201.html

1994) in which calbindin protein staining was used. The circles represent locations where LTP was elicited in the Nacb to Fo/Fi ... In these sections, the representative shell/core border based on differential calbindin-protein immunoreactivity (Jongen-Rêlo ... 2). The time courses of the LTP of the Fo/Fi to Nacb pathway and the LTD of the BLA to Nacb pathway for the six rats are shown ... Table 2. Firing probability of Nacb single units (n= 10) to either BLA or Fo/Fi stimulation or combinations of BLA and Fo/Fi ...

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/18/13/5095

2005, 2: 345-350. 10.1038/nmeth756.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar. *. Guo L, Lobenhofer EK, Wang C, Shippy R, Harris SC, ... 10.1016/S0169-328X(03)00288-2.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar. *. Bailey DJ, Wade J: FOS and ZENK responses in 45-day-old ... 10.1016/0169-328X(94)90013-2.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar. *. Velho TA, Pinaud R, Rodrigues PV, Mello CV: Co-induction of ... 10.1016/S0959-437X(99)00022-2.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar. *. Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock RJ, van Dongen S, Bateman A, ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-9-131

Belongs to the calbindin family.. Contains 6 EF-hand domains.. * Target information above from: UniProt accession P22676. The ... Lane 2 : Mouse brain lysate. Lane 3 : Rat brain lysate. Lysates/proteins at 10 µg per lane.. Secondary. All lanes : goat anti- ... I would ask an information about your primary antibodies: anti-Calretinin EPR 1799(2) cod. ab 133316 and anti-Calretinin EP ...

https://www.abcam.com/calretinin-antibody-ep1798-ab92341.html

Belongs to the calbindin family.. Contains 6 EF-hand domains.. * Target information above from: UniProt accession P22676. The ...

https://www.abcam.com/calretinin-antibody-prediluted-ab7286.html

It belongs to the calbindin family of calcium-binding proteins, along with calretinin (CALB2). (wikipedia.org)
Calbindins are three different calcium-binding proteins: calbindin, calretinin and S100G. (wikipedia.org)
In the brain, its synthesis is independent of vitamin-D. Calretinin, also known as calbindin 2, is a 29 kDa protein with 58% homology to calbindin 1 and principally found in nervous tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Calbindin 28K and calretinin are very similar calcium binding proteins which are both present in the central nervous system (CNS). (springer.com)
Both calbindin-D28k and parvalbumin-β were confined to hair cells in which they showed a similar distribution, whereas calretinin was present mainly in hair-cell nuclei but also occurred in supporting cells and nerve fibers. (jneurosci.org)
Calibration against standards containing known amounts of calcium-buffering protein processed in the same fluid drop as the cochlear sections gave cytoplasmic concentrations of calbindin-D28k as 0.13-0.63 m m and parvalbumin-β as ∼0.25 m m , but calretinin was an order of magnitude less. (jneurosci.org)
We suggest that calbindin-D28k and parvalbumin-β may serve as endogenous mobile calcium buffers, but the predominantly nuclear location of calretinin argues for another role in calcium signaling. (jneurosci.org)
Localization of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor and the 2-AG synthesizing (DAGLα) and degrading (MAGL, FAAH) enzymes in cells expressing the Ca(2+)-binding proteins calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the adult rat hippocampus. (sigmaaldrich.com)
For this purpose, we used double-label immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy for the characterization of the expression of the 2-AG/CB1 signaling system (CB1 receptor, DAGLα, MAGL, and FAAH) and the CaBPs calbindin D28k, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the rat hippocampus. (sigmaaldrich.com)
CB(+) 1 fiber terminals localized in all hippocampal principal cell layers were tightly attached to calbindin(+) cells (granular and pyramidal neurons), and calretinin(+) and parvalbumin(+) interneurons. (sigmaaldrich.com)
DAGLα neuropil labeling was selectively found surrounding calbindin(+) principal cells in the dentate gyrus and CA1, and in the calretinin(+) and parvalbumin(+) interneurons in the pyramidal cell layers of the CA1/3 fields. (sigmaaldrich.com)
MAGL(+) terminals were only observed around CA1 calbindin(+) pyramidal cells, CA1/3 calretinin(+) interneurons and CA3 parvalbumin(+) interneurons localized in the pyramidal cell layers. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Parvalbumin-, calbindin-, and calretinin-immunoreactive hippocampal interneuron density in autism. (bu.edu)
Calretinin is generally expressed with two other calcium binding proteins Calbindin D-29 and parvalbumin in CNS and other peripheral tissues. (genetex.com)
Two calcium-binding proteins, calbindin and calretinin, have been reported to be expressed in abundance in Purkinje cells and other cell types in the cerebellum. (genetex.com)

It is encoded in humans by the CALB2 gene and was formerly known as calbindin-D29k. (wikipedia.org)
CALB2 (Calbindin 2) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
The variants are connected to the gene encoding calbindin 2 (CALB2), a protein involved in nervous system signaling. (news-medical.net)

Westerink, R.H., Beekwilder, J.P. & Wadman, W.J. Differential alterations of synaptic plasticity in dentate gyrus and CA1 hippocampal area of calbindin-D28K knockout mice. (nature.com)
Deficits in memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation in mice with reduced calbindin D28K expression. (nature.com)
Decreased hippocampal expression of calbindin D28K and cognitive impairment in MELAS. (nature.com)
the Calreticulin deficiency-mediated increase in cell death was not prevented by calbindin-D28k or Parvalbumin. (antibodies-online.com)
The hair-cell concentration of calbindin-D28k but not of parvalbumin-β increased from the low- to high-frequency end of the cochlea. (jneurosci.org)
These values were derived from equivalent BAPTA concentrations (0.1-0.4 m m ) using simulations of stereociliary calcium gradients, assuming that calbindin-D28k has four Ca 2+ binding sites per molecule compared with one in BAPTA but binds Ca 2+ 25 times more slowly. (jneurosci.org)
Additionally, calcium pump activity and calbindin-D28k expression were dramatically increased after GHE treatment, implicating that the modulation of calcium homeostasis could be involved in the mechanism underlying neuroprotection of GHE against ibotenic acid-induced excitotoxicity. (biomedsearch.com)
calmodulin, calbindin D28k and secretagogin. (dissertations.se)
This work builds on earlier observations that described the reduction in levels of calbindin D28K, a high-affinity calcium-binding protein, in the brains of patients with various neurodegenerative diseases. (alzforum.org)
Careful immunochemical studies show that there are also significant reductions in the levels of calbindin D28K (CB) and c-Fos in the brains of these mice, and that these seem to correlate more with the levels of soluble A b peptide levels in brain extracts than with the amount of accumulated amyloid plaque. (alzforum.org)
Vitamin-D-dependent calcium binding proteins such as calbindin-D28K (28 kDa calcium binding proteins) have been shown to be regulated by 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 but the mechanisms controlling calbindin synthesis are still poorly understood in human osteoblast cell culture models. (biochemj.org)
Calbindin-D28K protein was identified only in cells arising from the sixth subculture, which exhibited a calcified matrix and all of the osteoblastic markers, e.g. (biochemj.org)
Moreover, vitamin D 3 enhanced calbindin-D28K synthesis as well as OC synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity. (biochemj.org)
In conclusion, the studies in v itro described in the present paper indicate, for the first time, a possible role of calbindin-D28K in mineralized matrix formation in HBMSC. (biochemj.org)
Calbindin-D28k is a calcium binding protein with six EF hand domains. (rti.org)
Calbindin-D28k is unique in that it functions as both a calcium buffer and a sensor protein. (rti.org)
Calbindin-D28k is known to bind four calcium ions and upon calcium binding undergoes a conformational change. (rti.org)
The structure of apo calbindin-D28k is in an ordered state, transitioning into a disordered state as calcium is bound. (rti.org)
The solution structure of disulfide-reduced holo-calbindin-D28k has been determined by NMR, while the structure of apo calbindin-D28k has yet to be determined. (rti.org)
Differential surface modification of lysine and histidine residues analyzed by mass spectrometry has been used in this study to identify, for the first time, the specific regions of calbindin-D28k undergoing conformational changes between the holo and apo states. (rti.org)
Using differential surface modification in combination with mass spectrometry, EF hands 1 and 4 as well as the linkers before EF hand 1 and the linkers between EF hands 4 and 5 and EF hands 5 and 6 were identified as regions of conformational change between apo and holo calbindin-D28k. (rti.org)
Crystallographic structure of calcium loaded Calbindin-D28K. (proteopedia.org)
Calbindin-D28K is a widely expressed calcium-buffering cytoplasmic protein that is involved in many physiological processes. (proteopedia.org)
Many of the targets of calbindin-D28K are of therapeutic interest: for example, inositol monophosphatase, the putative target of lithium therapy in bipolar disorder. (proteopedia.org)
Presented here is the first crystal structure of human calbindin-D28K. (proteopedia.org)
There are significant deviations in the tertiary structure when compared with the NMR structure of rat calbindin-D28K (PDB entry 2g9b), despite 98% sequence identity. (proteopedia.org)
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) indicates that the crystal structure better predicts the properties of calbindin-D28K in solution compared with the NMR structure. (proteopedia.org)
Here, the first direct visualization of the calcium-binding properties of calbindin-D28K is presented. (proteopedia.org)
SAXS data collected in both the presence and absence of calcium indicate that there are no large structural differences in the globular structure of calbindin-D28K between the calcium-loaded and unloaded proteins. (proteopedia.org)
Noble JW, Almalki R, Roe SM, Wagner A, Duman R, Atack JR. The X-ray structure of human calbindin-D28K: an improved model. (proteopedia.org)

We demonstrate that ΔFosB, a highly stable transcription factor, is induced in the hippocampus in mouse models of AD and seizures, in which it binds and triggers histone deacetylation at the promoter of the calbindin gene ( Calb1 ) and downregulates Calb1 transcription. (nature.com)
Figure 2: ΔFosB mediates transcriptional repression of Calb1 expression and causes spatial memory deficits. (nature.com)
Calbindin 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CALB1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Rabbit IgG polyclonal antibody for Calbindin(CALB1) detection. (mybiosource.com)
Conditional inactivation of the Calbindin D-28k (Calb1) gene by Cre/loxP-mediated recombination. (mpg.de)

The structure of rat calbindin was originally solved by nuclear magnetic resonance and was one of the largest proteins then to be determined by this technique. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike calbindin 1 and 2, S100G is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. (wikipedia.org)
This paper describes the distribution of structures stained with mono- and polyclonal antibodies to the calcium-binding proteins calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin in the nervous system of adult rats. (nih.gov)
Parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons have a different, and mostly complementary distribution compared with those which react with calbindin D-28k antisera, but in a few cases (Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, spinal ganglion neurons), both calcium-binding proteins co-exist in the same neuron. (nih.gov)
The work described in this thesis represents a biophysical approach, mainly using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, to investigate the impact of magnesium ions on the EF-hand calcium-binding proteins calmodulin and calbindin D9k, as well as the dynamics of these proteins at low calcium levels. (dissertations.se)
However, the anatomical organization of the neuronal substrates that express 2-AG/CB1 signaling system-related molecules associated with selective Ca(2+)-binding proteins (CaBPs) is still unknown. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Has no affinity for other calcium binding proteins including Calbindin, parvalbumin, and S100 protein. (genetex.com)
Uptake of 45 Ca induced into the matrix by 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 supports the hypothesis that the calcium-enriched matrix could trap calbindin-D proteins. (biochemj.org)
In the last few years, antibodies to neuronal surface antigens have been demonstrated in patients with immunotherapy-responsive forms of limbic encephalitis and related disorders, 1 2 raising the possibility that other CNS disorders may also result from autoantibodies to cell-surface proteins. (bmj.com)
Finally, mice lacking the homeodomain proteins DLX-1 and DLX-2 show no detectable cell migration from the subcortical telencephalon to the neocortex and also have few GABA-expressing cells in the neocortex. (sciencemag.org)
Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is the founding member of a family of proteins that each contains a closely related methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). (aspetjournals.org)

Iacopino, A.M. & Christakos, S. Specific reduction of calcium-binding protein (28-kilodalton calbindin-D) gene expression in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. (nature.com)
We investigated, by in situ hybridization histochemistry, the cellular localization of the mRNA encoding a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (calbindin D28) in rat brain and peripheral organs. (nih.gov)
Although Calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k), a cytosolic calcium binding protein which has calcium binding sites, is expressed in various tissues, i.e., intestine, uterus, and placenta, potential roles of this gene and its protein are not clearly understood. (springer.com)
The structure of calbindin is characteristic of an EF-hand protein, with two helix-loop-helix calcium binding motifs joined by a flexible linker, and a short anti-parallel beta-type interaction between the two ion-binding sites. (molmovdb.org)
Calcium binding protein calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons were mainly found in the red nucleus, substantia nigra, oculomotor nucleus and locus ceruleus of the cat midbrain. (koreamed.org)
Fusion protein from the cytoplasmic loop of the gamma 2-subunit of rat GABAA receptor. (genetex.com)
E Coli-derived human Calbindin recombinant protein (Position: A2-E175). (mybiosource.com)
Calbindin is a calcium-binding protein belonging to the troponin C superfamily. (mybiosource.com)
S100G encodes calbindin D9K, a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein. (thermofisher.com)
A gene on chromosome Xp22.2 that encodes calbindin-D9K, a cytosolic vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, which contains 2 active calcium-binding domains. (thefreedictionary.com)
One strong-binding serum was selected for immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, which resulted in the identification of contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) as a major antigen. (bmj.com)
Here we have identified a potentially pathogenic antibody against the neuronal membrane protein contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) in nine of 88 (10%) patients with unexplained ataxia. (bmj.com)
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) catalyzes the formation and isomerization of these disulfide bonds (2). (cellsignal.com)
Studies of the rat gene have indicated that several transcription factors, including the caudal-related homeobox factor (CDX-2), hepatic nuclear factor-4 and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), could interact with elements in the promoter. (biochemj.org)
We show in gel-shift assays that the sequence within a putative vitamin-D-response element in the human calbindin-D9k promoter can bind expressed IPF-1/PDX-1 protein, although we cannot confirm binding of the vitamin-D-receptor protein. (biochemj.org)
Calbindin D-28K is a six-EF-hand calcium-binding protein found in the brain, peripheral nervous system, kidney, and intestine. (rti.org)
Once bound to methylated CpG sites, methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is thought to silence transcription of downstream genes by recruiting a histone deacetylase (HDAC). (aspetjournals.org)
The number of immunoreactive cells increased during the first weeks of age, and neosynthesis of Mecp2 protein was still observed in some structures at the age of 2 years. (aspetjournals.org)
Calbindin D9k: A Protein Optimized for Calcium Binding at Neutral pH. (etis.ee)

Calbindin is a vitamin D-responsive gene in many tissues, in particular the chick intestine, where it has a clear function in mediating calcium absorption. (wikipedia.org)
In the mouse, the bHLH transcription factors Clock and Npas2 dimerize with Bmal1 and transactivate the expression of the Period ( mPer1 and mPer2 ) and Cryptochrome ( mCry1 and mCry2 ) genes via recognition of E-box motifs in the gene promoters ( 2 - 6 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
CDX-2 binds to the region around the TATA box, as in the rat gene, and may act as a negative factor in the distal intestine. (biochemj.org)
Transfection studies in Caco-2 and MCF-7 cells with heterologous reporter vectors containing up to 1303 bp of the gene showed that this functioned as a weak promoter and indicated the presence of suppressor sequences, but did not show vitamin-D responsiveness. (biochemj.org)

IHC analysis of mouse retina tissue using GTX31013 GABA A Receptor gamma 2 antibody. (genetex.com)
WB analysis of rat hippocampal (hipp) tissue lysate using GTX31013 GABA A Receptor gamma 2 antibody. (genetex.com)
IHC analysis of Calbindin using anti-Calbindin antibody (MBS176994). (mybiosource.com)
The tissue section was then incubated with 1ug/ml rabbit anti-Calbindin Antibody (MBS176994) overnight at 4 degree C. Biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using Strepavidin-Biotin-Complex (SABC) with DAB as the chromogen. (mybiosource.com)

Calbindin D-28k is, however, also found in some short-axon cells (Golgi type II), represented by spinal cord interneurons in layer II and interneurons of the cerebral cortex. (nih.gov)
Regarding network development, a connectivity preference for cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons to target calbindin-expressing principal cells is diminished. (elifesciences.org)

Most of the cells containing calbindin D-28k are vulnerable to neurodegenerative processes. (nih.gov)

the presence of calbindin increases the amount of calcium crossing the cell without raising the free concentration. (wikipedia.org)
We also describe the presence of calbindin in RINm5F cells, an insulin-producing tumor cell line derived from a radiationinduced rat insulinoma. (springer.com)

The distribution of calbindin D-28k-positive neurons is very similar to that of the dihydroperydine subtype of calcium channels. (nih.gov)
We have examined the cellular distribution of calbindin in the pancreatic endocrine cells of chick, rat and human and found variable distribution among the different endocrine cell types. (springer.com)

Using a [35S]cRNA probe under high stringency conditions, specific mRNA was found in tissues well known for their calbindin D28 content, e.g. renal distal tubules, cerebellar Purkinje cells and dentate gyrus granule cells. (nih.gov)
1993 Apr;18(1-2):32-42 Reduction of calbindin-28k mRNA levels in Alzheimer as compared to Huntington hippocampus. (alzforum.org)

Calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin in the rat nervous system. (nih.gov)

Labeling for the 160 kDa neurofilament subunit, calbindin, and parvalbumin varied. (diva-portal.org)

The sequence of calbindin is 263 residues in length and has only one chain. (wikipedia.org)
Focusing of the Electrostatic Potential at EF-Hands of Calbindin D9k: Titration of Acidic Residues. (etis.ee)
Ionization Behavior of Acidic Residues in Calbindin D9k. (etis.ee)
Measurement and Modelling of Sequence-Specific pKa Values of Lysine Residues in Calbindin D9k. (etis.ee)

However, despite the importance of calbindin in both neuronal physiology and pathology, the regulatory mechanisms that control its expression in the hippocampus are poorly understood. (nature.com)
Here we report an epigenetic mechanism through which seizures chronically suppress hippocampal calbindin expression and impair cognition. (nature.com)
Notably, increasing DG calbindin levels, either by direct virus-mediated expression or inhibition of ΔFosB signaling, improves spatial memory in a mouse model of AD. (nature.com)
Moreover, levels of ΔFosB and calbindin expression are inversely related in the DG of individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) or AD and correlate with performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). (nature.com)
Figure 3: Both blockade of ΔFosB signaling and direct rescue of calbindin expression ameliorate spatial memory deficits in APP mice. (nature.com)
Figure 4: Increased hippocampal ΔFosB expression corresponds with decreased calbindin expression in human individuals diagnosed with MCI, AD, or TLE. (nature.com)
Expression of S100G, like that of calbindin 1, is stimulated by the active vitamin D metabolite, calcitriol although the precise mechanisms are still controversial. (wikipedia.org)
2,6) At P7, expression is restricted to microglia in the white matter. (thefreelibrary.com)
2) Studying expression of schizophrenia susceptibility genes in the early fetal human thalamus and cerebral cortex. (ncl.ac.uk)
2005. Conflict of estrogenic activity by various phthalates between in vitro and in vivo models related to the expression of Calbindin-D9k. (ewg.org)
In vitro, 1,25(OH) 2 D increases the expression of the insulin receptor and enhances insulin-mediated glucose transport ( 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
This indicates that other elements are also needed for the control of human calbindin-D9k expression. (biochemj.org)
Among the more than 100 nonredundant AAV genotypes that have been identified, 12 AAV serotypes with unique properties have been used to produce most expression vectors [ 2 ]. (intechopen.com)

Calbindin 1 or simply calbindin was first shown to be present in the intestine in birds and then found in the mammalian kidney. (wikipedia.org)
S100G, formerly calbindin 3 and calbindin-D9k, is present in mammalian enterocytes (epithelial cells of the intestine). (wikipedia.org)
Epithelial and neuronal calbindin in avian intestine: an immunohistochemical study. (springer.com)
one of these, known as IPF-1 or PDX-1, co-localizes in the intestine with calbindin-D9k. (biochemj.org)

To further examine the mechanism and structural consequences of calcium binding to calbindin D-28K we performed detailed complementary heteronuclear NMR and microelectrospray mass spectrometry investigations of the calcium-induced conformational changes of calbindin D-28K. (rti.org)

This cortical grid is formed by patches of calbindin-positive pyramidal neurons in layer 2 of medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). (royalsocietypublishing.org)

In situ hybridization histochemistry allows the precise identification of cells expressing calbindin D28 and offers a new approach to study its regulation and possible role, e.g. in neuronal function. (nih.gov)
Here we present quantitative data on AHN in wild-derived mole-rats of 1 year and older, and briefly describe its anatomical context including markers of neuronal function (calbindin and parvalbumin). (frontiersin.org)

In 2018 the X-ray crystal structure of human calbindin was published (PDB entry 6FIE). (wikipedia.org)
Epub 2018 Oct 2. (proteopedia.org)

Parmentier M, Lawson DEM, and Vassart G (1987) Human calbindin complementary DNA sequence. (springer.com)
Human Calbindin shares 99% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat Calbindin. (mybiosource.com)
Differences between the reported sequences of the human calbindin-D9k promoter were first clarified before undertaking a functional analysis of this sequence. (biochemj.org)

Nonetheless, there is no homology between calbindin 1 and S100G, apart from their calcium binding domains (EF-hands): S100G has two EF-hands, and calbindin 1 has six. (wikipedia.org)

The identification of anatomically related-neuronal substrates that expressed 2-AG/CB1 signaling system and selective CaBPs should be considered when analyzing the cannabinoid signaling associated with hippocampal functions. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Vitamin D refers to two fat soluble substances, vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol), and their metabolites, which are considered to be important nutrients for human health. (mdpi.com)
Dietary vitamin D 3 sources include dairy, eggs, fish and meat [ 1 ], while dietary vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol) sources are UVB-irradiated yeast and fungi [ 2 , 3 ]. (mdpi.com)
Vitamin D deficiency predisposes individuals to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and receptors for its activated form-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 -have been identified in both beta cells and immune cells. (springer.com)
Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to impair insulin synthesis and secretion in humans and in animal models of diabetes, suggesting a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
An increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been described in vitamin D-deficient individuals [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], and insulin synthesis and secretion have been shown to be impaired in beta cells from vitamin D-deficient animals. (springer.com)
This review provides an overview of the data available on the role of vitamin D in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and discusses possible applications of the molecule or its synthetic analogues [ 9 , 10 ] in clinical disease. (springer.com)
In this review the term vitamin D refers to the product that is in food (vitamins D 2 and D 3 ) and is synthesised in the skin under the influence of UVB radiation (vitamin D 3 ), whereas the metabolically active molecule is referred to as 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 . (springer.com)
Vitamin D can be obtained from dietary sources of vegetable (vitamin D 2 , also known as ergocalciferol) or animal origin (vitamin D 3 , also known as cholecalciferol). (springer.com)
The vitamin D receptor ( 4 ) and the enzyme 1-α hydroxylase ( 5 ), which is necessary for the production of the active form of the hormone 1,25(OH) 2 D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), are present in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)

As a general characterization it can be stated that calbindin antibodies mainly label cells with thin, unmyelinated axons projecting in a diffuse manner. (nih.gov)
CASPR2 antibodies were then found by a cell-based assay in 9/88 (10%) ataxia patients, compared to 3/144 (2%) multiple sclerosis or dementia controls (p=0.011). (bmj.com)

CBTM-2 research has the potential to contribute to the development of an effective countermeasure for the negative effects of space on human skeletal muscle. (nasa.gov)
The human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSC) described in this paper developed a calcified matrix, expressed osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OP) and responded to 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 . (biochemj.org)
Calbindin was detected in paraffin-embedded section of Human Intestinal Cancer Tissue. (mybiosource.com)
Co-holder of a £2 million grant from Wellcome Trust/MRC to fund the Human Developmental Biology Resource and holder of grant from Kavli Foundation to provide tissue for single cell atlas of developing brain. (ncl.ac.uk)
We report studies of the human calbindin-D9k promoter. (biochemj.org)

1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ] is known to modulate Ca 2+ metabolism in several cell types. (biochemj.org)
Therefore, factors that disrupt APP metabolism and Aβ production, such as increased APP transcription, increased production of amyloidogenic Aβ ( 2 ), and decreased APP degradation, may contribute to the pathogenesis of sporadic AD as well. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Grid cells have been described mainly but not exclusively [ 2 ] in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and form a robust allocentric representation of space [ 1 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
A consensus has emerged that, of the different layers of entorhinal cortex, layer 2 contains the largest fraction of and the clearest grid cells [ 2 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
The inspiration for the hypothesis does not come from temporal dynamics (i.e. phase precession) or attractor network theory [ 21 ], but it comes from the modular anatomy of layer 2 of the entorhinal cortex [ 22 - 24 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)

Calbindin contains 4 active calcium-binding domains, and 2 modified domains that have lost their calcium-binding capacity. (wikipedia.org)

Calbindin D 27 kDa: preferential localization in non-B islet cells of the rat pancreas. (springer.com)
This study was carried out to investigate the morphology, distribution and co-localization of calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin-containing GABAergic cells in the midbrain of the cat. (koreamed.org)

e.g., calbindin in CA3 of naked mole-rats distributes similar to the pattern seen in early primate development, and calbindin staining extends into the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of Cape mole-rats. (frontiersin.org)

Degree and pattern of calbindin immunoreactivity in granule cells of the dentate gyrus differ in mesial temporal sclerosis, cortical malformation- and tumor-related epilepsies. (nature.com)

Shp2, an Src-homology 2 domain (SH2)-containing tyrosine phosphatase, is a widely expressed intracellular enzyme that regulates signaling events downstream of several growth factor/cytokine receptors in various cell types ( 8 , 18 ). (asm.org)
The retrograde suppression of the synaptic transmission by the endocannabinoid sn-2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is mediated by the cannabinoid CB1 receptors and requires the elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) and the activation of specific 2-AG synthesizing (i.e. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Belongs to the calbindin family. (abcam.com)

1987;262(2):271-89. (springer.com)

Tauopathies have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which frequently manifests together with diabetes mellitus type 2. (curehunter.com)

immunocytochemical evidence of calbindin 27-kDa in pineal transducers. (springer.com)

2016. Mode of action of DNA-competitive small molecule inhibitors of tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 2 . (cardiff.ac.uk)

Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. (prospecbio.com)

and (2) The anatomical changes in the brain of infantile autism and other developmental disorders. (bu.edu)

Consistent with this, observational data from a number of epidemiological studies show an inverse association between serum 25(OH)D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) and glucose levels ( 9 - 12 ), insulin resistance ( 11 - 18 ), and prevalence of type 2 diabetes ( 18 - 20 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

They were found to exist in two distinct sizes with a molecular weight of approximately 9 kDa and 28 kDa, and they were renamed calbindins. (wikipedia.org)
En este artículo se revisan las caracteristicas distintivas del envejecimiento cerebral en términos de cambios en la función génica a lo largo del tiempo, y luego se enfoca en la evidencia que sustenta un acelerado envejecimiento molecular en la depresión. (nih.gov)
Calbindin Study: Is Calcium the Molecular Handle on Dysfunction in AD? (alzforum.org)
The primary subdivisions of the forebrain, including the neocortex and the basal ganglia, have distinct molecular and cellular properties ( 1 , 2 ). (sciencemag.org)

Calbindin D-28k is primarily associated with long-axon neurons (Golgi type I cells) exemplified by thalamic projection neurons, strionigral neurons, nucleus basalis Meynert neurons, cerebellar Purkinje cells, large spinal-, retinal-, cochlear- and vestibular ganglion cells. (nih.gov)

To date, the iDG phenotype and shared behavioral abnormalities (including working memory deficit and hyperlocomotor activity) have been discovered in Schnurri-2 knockout, mutant SNAP-25 knock-in, and forebrain-specific calcineurin knockout mice. (hindawi.com)

1988 Mar 31;86(2):155-60. (nih.gov)

We propose that chronic suppression of calbindin by ΔFosB is one mechanism through which intermittent seizures drive persistent cognitive deficits in conditions accompanied by recurrent seizures. (nature.com)
In contrast, activation of the Jak/Stat pathway promotes gliogenesis with concomitant suppression of neurogenesis ( 2 , 15 ). (asm.org)

The arrow indicates the cell shown in ( F ). Analysis of GABA- ( B through E ) and calbindin- ( G through J ) expressing cells in slice cultures. (sciencemag.org)
B and G) Low-power views of GABA (B) and calbindin (G) immunofluorescence. (sciencemag.org)
Calbindin is present in cells resembling the tangentially oriented GABA-containing cells that are found in the IZ of the developing neocortex ( 7 , 11 ). (sciencemag.org)
GABA (Fig. 1 , B through E) or calbindin (Fig. 1 , G through J) immunofluorescence was present in about 20% of DiI-labeled neocortical cells ( 12 ). (sciencemag.org)

Calbindin 1

Calbindins

S100 Calcium Binding Protein G

Calbindin 2

Parvalbumins

Astringents

Calcium-Binding Proteins

Laryngeal Mucosa

Secretagogins

Interneurons

EF Hand Motifs

Spinothalamic Tracts

Neurons

Immunohistochemistry

Calcium

Nerve Tissue Proteins

Calcitriol

Purkinje Cells

Ganglia, Sensory

Cell Count

Fetal Tissue Transplantation

Thalamic Nuclei

Choline O-Acetyltransferase

Kidney Tubules, Distal

Chickens

Retinal Horizontal Cells

Solutions

Models, Molecular

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular

Duodenum

In Situ Hybridization

Period Circadian Proteins

Cryptochromes

Germany

Flavoproteins

Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate

Genitalia, Female

Endocrine Disruptors

Uterus

Endocrine System

Click Chemistry

Central Nervous System

Hemangioma

Gossypium

Ibotenic Acid

Uncaria

Hippocampus

Cotton Fiber

Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists

Memory

Stainless Steel

Indigo Carmine

Halothane

Microelectrodes

Stereotaxic Techniques

Electrodes

Electrodes, Implanted

Characterization of nodular neuronal heterotopia in children. (1/362)

Measurements of [Ca2+] using fura-2 in glioma C6 cells expressing calretinin with GFP as a marker of transfection: no Ca2+-buffering provided by calretinin. (2/362)

Immunohistological studies of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 6-deficient mice show no abnormality of retinal cell organization and ganglion cell maturation. (3/362)

Impaired motor coordination and Purkinje cell excitability in mice lacking calretinin. (4/362)

Postnatal expression of calretinin-immunoreactivity in periodontal Ruffini endings in the rat incisor: a comparison with protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5)-immunoreactivity. (5/362)

Calretinin immunoreactive nerve endings in the trachea and bronchi of the rat. (6/362)

Colchicine causes excessive ocular growth and myopia in chicks. (7/362)

Math1: an essential gene for the generation of inner ear hair cells. (8/362)

Calretinin-immunoreactive local circuit neurons in area 17 of the cynomolgus monkey, Macaca fascicularis

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