Caffeic Acids
Chlorogenic Acid
Coumaric Acids
Phenylethyl Alcohol
Propolis
Hydroxybenzoates
Lignin
The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Lamiaceae
Rutin
Ipomoea batatas
Antioxidants
Coffee
Echinacea
Rhodobacter
Free Radical Scavengers
Catechol Oxidase
Honey
A sweet viscous liquid food, produced in the honey sacs of various bees from nectar collected from flowers. The nectar is ripened into honey by inversion of its sucrose sugar into fructose and glucose. It is somewhat acidic and has mild antiseptic properties, being sometimes used in the treatment of burns and lacerations.
Methyltransferases
Plant Extracts
Eupatorium
Substrate specificity of catechol oxidase from Lycopus europaeus and characterization of the bioproducts of enzymic caffeic acid oxidation. (1/401)
The substrate specificity of catechol oxidase from Lycopus europaeus towards phenols is examined. The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones without hydroxylating monophenols, the additional activity of tyrosinase. Substrates containing a -COOH group are inhibitors for catechol oxidase. The products of enzymic oxidation of caffeic acid were analyzed and isolated by HPLC with diode array detection. The neolignans of the 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin type (3, 6-8), 6,7-dihydroxy-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dicarboxy-1,2-dihydro naphthaline (1) 6,7-dihydroxy-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-carboxynaphthaline (5) and 2,6-bis-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-carboxy-3-oxacyclo-(3,0)-pent an-2-on-1-ene (4) were formed. A reaction mechanism for the formation of (1, 4 and 5) is discussed. (+info)Dehydrodicaffeic acid dilactone, an inhibitor of catechol-O-methyl transferase. (2/401)
In the screening of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors, three compounds were isolated from the culture filtrate of a mushroom, Inonotus sp. One was 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (caffeic acid) which had been reported as an inhibitor of this enzyme. The others were the dextrorotatory 2,6-bis-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo-[3,3,0]-octane 4,8-dione (dehydrodicaffeic acid dilactone) andits antipode. These new compounds inhibited both dopamine beta-hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase and showed hypotensive activity in the SH rat. (+info)Inhibitory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on the activity and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human oral epithelial cells and in a rat model of inflammation. (3/401)
We investigated the mechanisms by which caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a phenolic antioxidant, inhibited the stimulation of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in cultured human oral epithelial cells and in an animal model of acute inflammation. Treatment of cells with CAPE (2.5 microg/ml) suppressed phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; TPA) and calcium ionophore (A23187)-mediated induction of PGE2 synthesis. This relatively low concentration of CAPE did not affect amounts of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. CAPE nonselectively inhibited the activities of baculovirus-expressed hCOX-1 and hCOX-2 enzymes. TPA- and A23187-stimulated release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids was also suppressed by CAPE (4-8 microg/ml). Higher concentrations of CAPE (10-20 microg/ml) suppressed the induction of COX-2 mRNA and protein mediated by TPA. Transient transfections using human COX-2 promoter deletion constructs were performed; the effects of TPA and CAPE were localized to a 124-bp region of the COX-2 promoter. In the rat carrageenan air pouch model of inflammation, CAPE (10-100 mg/kg) caused dose-dependent suppression of PG synthesis. Amounts of COX-2 in the pouch were markedly suppressed by 100 mg/kg CAPE but were unaffected by indomethacin. These data are important for understanding the anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties of CAPE. (+info)Genetic analysis of a chromosomal region containing vanA and vanB, genes required for conversion of either ferulate or vanillate to protocatechuate in Acinetobacter. (4/401)
VanA and VanB form an oxygenative demethylase that converts vanillate to protocatechuate in microorganisms. Ferulate, an abundant phytochemical, had been shown to be metabolized through a vanillate intermediate in several Pseudomonas isolates, and biochemical evidence had indicated that vanillate also is an intermediate in ferulate catabolism by Acinetobacter. Genetic evidence supporting this conclusion was obtained by characterization of mutant Acinetobacter strains blocked in catabolism of both ferulate and vanillate. Cloned Acinetobacter vanA and vanB were shown to be members of a chromosomal segment remote from a supraoperonic cluster containing other genes required for completion of the catabolism of ferulate and its structural analogs, caffeate and coumarate, through protocatechuate. The nucleotide sequence of DNA containing vanA and vanB demonstrated the presence of genes that, on the basis of nucleotide sequence similarity, appeared to be associated with transport of aromatic compounds, metabolism of such compounds, or iron scavenging. Spontaneous deletion of 100 kb of DNA containing this segment does not impede the growth of cells with simple carbon sources other than vanillate or ferulate. Additional spontaneous mutations blocking vanA and vanB expression were shown to be mediated by IS1236, including insertion of the newly discovered composite transposon Tn5613. On the whole, vanA and vanB appear to be located within a nonessential genetic region that exhibits considerable genetic malleability in Acinetobacter. The overall organization of genes neighboring Acinetobacter vanA and vanB, including a putative transcriptional regulatory gene that is convergently transcribed and overlaps vanB, is conserved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa but has undergone radical rearrangement in other Pseudomonas species. (+info)The rabbit lens epithelial cell line N/N1003A requires 12-lipoxygenase activity for DNA synthesis in response to EGF. (5/401)
PURPOSE: Cultured rat lenses and primary human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) express12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) and require a 12-LOX metabolite of arachidonic acid for growth in response to EGF and insulin. This study seeks to identify an established cell line with these characteristics. METHODS: Immunoblotting was used to screen eight lens epithelial cell lines for 12-LOX expression: the human line, HLE-B3; mouse lines alphaTN4, 17EM15, 21EM15, and MLE6, and rabbit lines N/N1003A, LEP2 and B3. DNA synthesis was measured as incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA. Expression of c-fos mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The involvement of 12-lipoxygenase metabolites was determined using the lipoxygenase inhibitors baicalein, cinnamyl 3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate (CDC), or nordihydroguiairetic acid (NDGA). RESULTS: 12-LOX was detected only in the rabbit lines N/N1003A, LEP2 and B3. N/N1003A cells were chosen for further study. 12-LOX inhibitors blocked DNA synthesis in response to EGF with or without insulin. Inhibition of EGF-stimulated DNA synthesis was reversed by 0.3 microM to 3 microM 12(S)hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), but not by equivalent concentrations of 5(S)HETE, 8(S)HETE, 15(S)HETE, or 12(R)HETE. Baicalein prevented EGF induction of c-fos mRNA. The transformed HLEC line, HLE-B3, showed little stimulation of DNA synthesis in response to EGF and was unaffected by the presence of 12-LOX inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: N/N1003A cells, like primary cultured human lens epithelial cells or neonatal rat lenses, require 12-LOX activity for EGF dependent growth. This line will be useful for studies of the mechanism of action of 12(S)HETE. (+info)An early salicylic acid-, pathogen- and elicitor-inducible tobacco glucosyltransferase: role in compartmentalization of phenolics and H2O2 metabolism. (6/401)
Treatment of tobacco cell suspension cultures with a fungal elicitor of defense responses resulted in an early accumulation of the phenylpropanoid glucosyltransferase TOGT, along with the rapid synthesis and secretion of scopolin, the glucoside of scopoletin. Elicitor-triggered extracellular accumulation of the aglycone scopoletin and of free caffeic and ferulic acids could only be revealed in the presence of diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of extracellular H2O2 production. Our results strongly support a role for TOGT in the elicitor-stimulated production of transportable phenylpropanoid glucosides, followed by the release of free antioxidant phenolics into the extracellular medium and subsequent H2O2 scavenging. (+info)The small intestine can both absorb and glucuronidate luminal flavonoids. (7/401)
We have studied the perfusion of the jejunum and ileum in an isolated rat intestine model with flavonoids and hydroxycinnamates and the influence of glycosylation on the subsequent metabolism. Flavone and flavonol glucosides and their corresponding aglycones are glucuronidated during transfer across the rat jejunum and ileum and this glucuronidation occurs without the need for gut microflora. Furthermore, this suggests the presence of glycosidases as well as UDP-glucuronyl transferase in the jejunum. In contrast, quercetin-3-glucoside and rutin are mainly absorbed unmetabolised. The results suggest that the more highly reducing phenolics are absorbed predominantly as glucuronides (96.5%+/-4.6) of the amount absorbed, whereas monophenolic hydroxycinnamates and monophenolic B-ring flavonoids are less predisposed to glucuronidation and higher levels of aglycone (88.1%+/-10.1) are detected on absorption through both the jejunum and ileum. (+info)Induction of apoptosis by arachidonic acid in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. (8/401)
The hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the presence of the bcr-abl oncogene, which is associated with transforming ability and an intrinsic resistance to induction of apoptosis by genotoxic agents. Arachidonic acid (AA), a biologically active fatty acid, plays a crucial role as a mediator of signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival. In this study, we investigated the potential role of AA as a proapoptotic agent in CML. Pretreatment of human CML isolated progenitor cells with AA (100 microM for 18 h) induced 71-75% inhibition of in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units, multilineage colony-forming units, and erythroid burst-forming units. This inhibition was significantly greater than the effect on normal progenitor cells (19-39% growth inhibition of erythroid burst-forming units, multilineage colony-forming units, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units). AA also inhibited growth of the bcr-abl-transformed cell line H7.bcr-abl A54. In contrast, a minimal effect of AA on inhibition of cell growth was observed in the parental nontransformed NSF/N1.H7 cell line. The antiproliferative effect of AA was associated with apoptosis. Gamma-linolenic acid, a precursor of AA, also inhibited cell growth, whereas other unsaturated and saturated fatty acids had no effect. Pharmacological inhibition of cyclooxygenase, lipooxygenase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes prior to exposure to AA did not rescue cells from the inhibitory effect of AA. Moreover, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid, a nonmetabolizable arachidonate analogue, also inhibited cell growth, suggesting that the effect of AA did not require further metabolism. Treatment with antioxidants prior to stimulation with AA was also ineffective in preventing its antiproliferative effect. Thus, AA inhibited proliferation of CML cells by inducing apoptotic cell death. The signaling mechanisms of AA-induced inhibition of cell growth appeared to be independent of its conversion into eicosanoids or free radical generation. (+info)
Caffeic acid
Caffeate O-methyltransferase is an enzyme responsible for the transformation of caffeic acid into ferulic acid. Caffeic acid ... 4-dicarboxylic acid). Caffeic acid can also be polymerized using the horseradish peroxidase/H2O2 oxidizing system. Caffeic acid ... Other than caffeic acid being a thiamine antagonist (antithiamine factor), there have been no known ill effects of caffeic acid ... Caffeic acid is an antioxidant in vitro and also in vivo. Caffeic acid also shows immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory ...
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester
... (CAPE) is a natural phenolic chemical compound. It is the ester of caffeic acid and phenethyl ... Huang MT, Smart RC, Wong CQ, Conney AH (November 1988). "Inhibitory effect of curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ... August 2008). "CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester)-based propolis extract (Bio 30) suppresses the growth of human ... Natarajan K, Singh S, Burke TR, Grunberger D, Aggarwal BB (August 1996). "Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is a potent and specific ...
3,5-Dihydroxycinnamic acid
... is a hydroxycinnamic acid. It is an isomer of caffeic acid. It is a metabolite found in human urine ... Heindl, A; Rau, O; Spiteller, G (1985). "Identification of aromatic dihydroxy acids in biological fluids". Biomedical Mass ... Hydroxycinnamic acids, Phenolic human metabolites, Resorcinols, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ...
Umbellic acid
... (2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) is a hydroxycinnamic acid. It is an isomer of caffeic acid. It is a precursor in the ... The 4-coumaric acid is again hydroxylated by cinnamate/coumarate 2-hydroxylase to yield 2,4-dihydroxy-cinnamic acid followed by ... Phenylalanine is lysated into cinnamic acid, followed by hydroxylation by cinnamate 4-hydroxylase to yield 4-coumaric acid. ... works also with p-coumaric acid analogs such as E-2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid. Hashidoko, Y; Tanaka, T; Tahara, S (2001). " ...
2,5-Dihydroxycinnamic acid
... is a hydroxycinnamic acid. It is an isomer of caffeic acid. 2,5-Dihydroxycinnamic acid is produced ... Homogentisic acid Gentisic acid Cain, J.C.; Greenaway, A.J. (1907). "Abstracts of Papers on Organic chemistry". Journal of the ... Hydroxycinnamic acids, Hydroquinones, Vinylogous carboxylic acids, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ... by Elbs persulfate oxidation of o-Coumaric acid. ...
2,3-Dihydroxycinnamic acid
... is a hydroxycinnamic acid. It is an isomer of caffeic acid. It is a metabolite found in human urine ... Hydroxycinnamic acids, Phenolic human metabolites, Catechols, Vinylogous carboxylic acids, All stub articles, Aromatic compound ... Heindl, A; Rau, O; Spiteller, G (1985). "Identification of aromatic dihydroxy acids in biological fluids". Biomedical Mass ...
Instant coffee
The active ingredient appears to be caffeic acid. Initial experiments on Caffenol were performed in 1995 at the Rochester ... The other ingredients in the basic formula are ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and anhydrous sodium carbonate; some recipes also ... Institute of Technology; addition of ascorbic acid began around 2000, yielding the improved Caffenol-C, which is less likely to ...
Tricetin 3',4',5'-O-trimethyltransferase
Zhou JM, Seo YW, Ibrahim RK (April 2009). "Biochemical characterization of a putative wheat caffeic acid O-methyltransferase". ...
Echinacea purpurea
... contains alkamides, caffeic acid derivatives, polysaccharides, and glycoproteins. Nicotiflorin is the ...
Chicoric acid
It is a derivative of both caffeic acid and tartaric acid. As a suitable marker for the distinction of Echinacea species, it is ... Chicoric acid (also known as cichoric acid) is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound of the phenylpropanoid class and ... Lee, Jungmin (2010). "Caffeic acid derivatives in dried Lamiaceae and Echinacea purpurea products". Journal of Functional Foods ... Caftaric acid (monocaffeyltartaric acid) John Shi; Giuseppe Mazza; Marc Le Maguer (27 February 2002). Functional Foods: ...
Caffeic aldehyde
... is a phenolic aldehyde contained in the seeds of Phytolacca americana (American pokeweed). Caffeic acid ... Vinylogous carboxylic acids, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ...
Phenolic content in wine
The non-flavonoids include the stilbenoids such as resveratrol and phenolic acids such as benzoic, caffeic and cinnamic acids. ... acid adducts Astilbin Astringin B type proanthocyanidin dimers B type proanthocyanidin trimers Caffeic acid Caftaric acid ... caffeate Ethyl gallate Ethyl protocatechuate 4-Ethylguaiacol 4-Ethylphenol Fertaric acid Ferulic acid Gallic acid Gentisic acid ... In wine they are present also in the free form (trans-caffeic, trans-p-coumaric, and trans-ferulic acids). V. vinifera also ...
Helicteres isora
Active phytoconstituents include gallic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, and p-coumaric acid. Cucurbitacin b and isocucurbitacin b ... 1999) isolated rosmarinic acid and their derivatives; isoscutellarein and their derivatives; D-glucopyranosyl isorinic acid ... with rosmarinic acid; helisterculins A and B; and helisorin. The fruits and roots of H. isora are used in traditional medicine ...
Verbascoside
Andary, C; Wylde, R; Laffite, C; Privat, G; Winternitz, F (1982). "Structures of verbascoside and orobanchoside, caffeic acid ... Verbascoside is a caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycoside in which the phenylpropanoid caffeic acid and the phenylethanoid ... caffeic acid, decreases the spontaneous mutation rate in the ST cross". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 50 (3-4): 1082-90. doi: ... "Phenylethanoids in the Herb of Plantago lanceolataand Inhibitory Effect on Arachidonic Acid-Induced Mouse Ear Edema1". Planta ...
Orobanche rapum-genistae
... caffeic acid sugar esters from Orobanche rapum-genistae". Phytochemistry. 21 (5): 1123-1127. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82429-2 ...
Phyllanthus acidus
P. acidus contains 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, adenosine, kaempferol and hypogallic acid. While the wood is strong and ...
Chelidonium majus
Caffeic acid derivatives, such as caffeoylmalic acid, are also present. The characteristic latex also contains proteolytic ... Hahn, R.; Nahrstedt, A. (1993). "Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives, Caffeoylmalic and New Caffeoylaldonic Acid Esters, from ...
Echinacoside
It is a caffeic acid glycoside from the phenylpropanoid class. It is constituted from a trisaccharide consisting of two glucose ... Part 5. Direct synthesis of monoacyltartaric acids and novel mono(benzoyl)tartaric anhydride: unusual findings in tartaric acid ... and one rhamnose moieties glycosidically linked to one caffeic acid and one dihydroxyphenylethanol (hydroxytyrosol) residue at ...
Yacón
"Caffeic Acid Derivatives in the Roots of Yacon ( Smallanthus sonchifolius )". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51 (3 ... In addition, yacon juice is rich in free essential amino acids. Dry basis ND Not determined Carbohydrate was estimated by the ... Kapuler, A.M; Gurusiddiah, Sarangamat (1993-10-14). "The Twenty Protein Amino Acids Free in the Juices of Our Common Vegetables ... Kapuler, A. M.; Gurusiddiah, Sarangamat (1993-10-14). "The Twenty Protein Amino Acids Free in the Juices of Our Common ...
Sutorius eximius
Other compounds reported to occur in the fruit bodies include gyroporin and caffeic acid. Halling RE, Nuhn M, Fechner NA, ...
Scopolin
Steck, Warren (1967). "The Biosynthetic Pathway from Caffeic Acid to Scopolin in Tobacco Leaves". Canadian Journal of ... Hino F, Okazaki M and Miura Y (1982). "Effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on glucosylation of scopoletin to scopolin in ...
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor
... caffeic acid, curcumin, hyperforin and St John's wort. acetyl-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), one of the bioactive boswellic ... zileuton and the natural products myxochelins/pseudochelin as well as nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). Some chemicals found in ... acids found in Boswellia serrata (Indian Frankincense) has been found to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase strongly as an allosteric ...
Quercetin
"Evaluation of Inhibitory Effects of Caffeic acid and Quercetin on Human Liver Cytochrome P450 Activities". Phytotherapy ...
Polyphenol
Phenolic acid include caffeic acid Lignans are polyphenols derived from phenylalanine found in Flax seed and other cereals. The ... Flavonoids and caffeic acid derivatives are biosynthesized from phenylalanine and malonyl-CoA. Complex gallotannins develop ... The raspberry ellagitannin, on the other hand, with its 14 gallic acid moieties (most in ellagic acid-type components), and ... methanol/formic acid, methanol/water/acetic or formic acid. Liquid-liquid extraction can be also performed or countercurrent ...
Methyl caffeate
... is an ester of caffeic acid, a naturally occurring phenolic compound. It is an α-glucosidase inhibitor. Methyl ... O-methylated hydroxycinnamic acids, Hydroxycinnamic acid esters, Vinylogous carboxylic acids, Catechols, All stub articles, ...
Aronia
... caffeic acid, delphinidin, petunidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and malvidin. All these except caffeic acid are members of the ... Ekiert, Halina Maria; Szopa, Agnieszka; Kubica, Paweł (2021), High Production of Depsides and Other Phenolic Acids in Different ... whereas red and purple aronia are richer in phenolic acid and proanthocyanins. The plant produces these pigments mainly in the ... hydroxycinnamic acids, and proanthocyanidins". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 61 (36): 8581-8. doi:10.1021/ ...
Deoxycholic acid
Curcumin is a component of the spice turmeric, and caffeic acid is a component high in some fruits and spices. Caffeic acid is ... Deoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Deoxycholic acid is one of the secondary bile acids, which are metabolic byproducts of ... Bacteria metabolize chenodeoxycholic acid into the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid, and they metabolize cholic acid into ... There are additional secondary bile acids, such as ursodeoxycholic acid. Deoxycholic acid is soluble in alcohol and acetic acid ...
Ferulic acid
Caffeic acid Coumaric acid Diferulic acids Eugenol Isoferulic acid, an isomer of ferulic acid Mota, Fátima L.; Queimada, ... Rye bread contains ferulic acid dehydrodimers. Ferulic acid is biosynthesized in plants from caffeic acid by the action of the ... It is a major metabolite of chlorogenic acids in humans along with caffeic and isoferulic acid, and is absorbed in the small ... Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound with the formula (CH3O)HOC6H3CH=CHCO2H. The name is derived from ...
Orthosiphon stamineus
Phytochemicals isolated from the herb include terpenes, flavonoids, caffeic acid derivatives and essential oils. Sinensetin is ...
Lonicera japonica
Other phenolic compounds present in the plant are hyperoside, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. The two secoiridoid ... Lonicera japonica contains methyl caffeate, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, methyl 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinate, protocatechuic acid ... Peng, Youyuan; Liu, Fanghua; Ye, Jiannong (2005). "Determination of Phenolic Acids and Flavones in Lonicera japonica Thumb. By ... methyl chlorogenic acid, and luteolin. The two biflavonoids, 3′-O-methyl loniflavone and loniflavone, along with luteolin and ...
Bioluminescence
... engineered to glow more brightly using genes from the bioluminescent mushroom Neonothopanus nambi to convert caffeic acid into ...
Eryngium planum
... and caffeic acids in the basal leaves and the roots of intact plants, and greater concentrations in E. planum from in vitro ... chlorogenic and caffeic acids in in vitro cultures of Eryngium planum L." Acta Physiol Plant. 34 (6): 2425-2433. doi:10.1007/ ... The groups of bioactive compounds present in E. planum are phenolic acids, triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, and ... Qualitative and quantitative determinations of the phenolic acids by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP ...
Mosaad Megahed
CD133+ melanoma subpopulation acquired resistance to caffeic acid phenethyl ester-induced apoptosis is attributed to the ...
Solanum lycocarpum
The main phenolic compounds in ethanol extracts of the ripe fruits are caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. It is believed that ... 480-83 doi:10.1080/14786419.2014.951930 Bicalho Silva and Viviane de Cassia (2015): "Larvicidal activity of oils, fatty acids, ...
Kalahari melon oil
The phenolic acids present are gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic (trace), p-coumaric, and ... The high linoleic acid content of Kalahari melon seed oil also gives it a lightweight, non-greasy texture. The Kalahari melon ... Fatty acids present in Kalahari melon oil Phytosterols are present in the oil, including β-sitosterol (485.49 mg/100 g), ... Applying the oil to the face can help treat acne vulgaris, due to the high linoleic acid content, which restores the inflamed ...
Protocatechuic aldehyde
Rao SR, Ravishankar GA (January 2000). "Biotransformation of protocatechuic aldehyde and caffeic acid to vanillin and capsaicin ...
Cynarine
... it is an ester formed from quinic acid and two units of caffeic acid. Chlorogenic acid Panizzi, Luigi; Scarpati, Maria Luisa ( ... Hydroxycinnamic acid esters, Hydroxycinnamic acid glycosides, Quinic acid esters, Catechols, Vinylogous carboxylic acids, All ... Cynarine is a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative and a biologically active chemical constituent of artichoke (Cynara cardunculus ...
Dactylifric acid
... (also known as dattelic acid or 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid) is an ester derived from caffeic acid and shikimic ... 5-caffeoylshikimic acid (dactylifric acid) and its positional isomers (3-caffeoylshikimic acid and 4-caffeoylshikimic acid ... 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid Maier, V. P.; Metzler, D. M.; Huber, A. F. (1964). "3-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid (dactylifric acid) and ... Hydroxycinnamic acid esters, Hydroxycinnamic acid glycosides, Cyclitol esters, Cyclohexenes, Vinylogous carboxylic acids, All ...
Eucalyptus globulus
E. globulus bark contains quinic, dihydroxyphenylacetic and caffeic acids, bis(hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP))-glucose, galloyl- ... as well as gallic acid and (+)-catechin can also be isolated.Tricetin is a rare flavone aglycone found in the pollen of members ... bis(HHDP)-glucose, galloyl-HHDP-glucose, isorhamentin-hexoside, quercetin-hexoside, methylellagic acid (EA)-pentose conjugate, ...
Caffeic
... acid, a hydroxycinnamic acid Caffeic aldehyde, a phenolic aldehyde contained in the seeds of Phytolacca americana This ... Caffeic is an adjective referring to coffee (see also: Caffè the Italian word for it, written with two "f"). It can be found in ...
Centaurea cyanus
... apigenin and caffeic acid derivates. Centaurea cyanus has been evaluated for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with lead. ... Antioxidant properties are high due to ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. Furthermore, extracts of the flower head and ... anthocyanins and aromatic acids. Especially the flower head finds application in herbal medicine, but leaves and seeds are also ...
Ipomoea purpurea
These anthocyanins were all based on cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside, acylated with caffeic acid and/or p-coumaric acid. ... acylated with caffeic acid and/or glucosylcaffeic acid. Commercial morning glory seeds are commonly treated with toxic ...
Hablitzia
Caffeic acid, p-Coumaric acid and Ferulic acid in Hablitzia leaves (p. 413). They also report that the whole plant contains 1 ... alpha-linolenic acid (an Omega-3 fatty acid), protein, sucrose and all other mineral and trace elements, except for manganese. ... Its levels of several common limiting factors - oxalic acid, nitrate, cadmium and lead - were also found to be within ...
Eleutherococcus senticosus
... including caffeic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and benzoic acid, with significant content of calcium, ... E. senticosus is broadly tolerant of soils, growing in sandy, loamy, and heavy clay soils with acid, neutral, or alkaline ...
Phenylpropanoids metabolism
... cinnamic acid) into 2-hydroxycinnamate Caffeate O-methyltransferase, an enzyme that transforms caffeic acid into ferulic acid ... Caffeate 3,4-dioxygenase is an enzyme that uses 3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate (caffeic acid) and oxygen to produce 3-(2- ... p-coumaric acid). 4-Coumarate-CoA ligase is the enzyme that transforms 4-coumarate (p-coumaric acid) into 4-coumaroyl-CoA. ... is an enzyme that transforms L-phenylalanine and tyrosine into trans-cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid, respectively. Trans- ...
Propolis
China found sinapinic acid, isoferulic acid, caffeic acid, and chrysin. In neotropical regions, in addition to a large variety ... and prenylated acids, such as 4-hydroxy-3,5-diprenyl cinnamic acid. Overall, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and phenolic aldehydes ...
Dihydroxycinnamic acid
Caffeic acid (3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid), a hydroxycinammic acid Umbellic acid (2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid), a hydroxycinammic ... a hydroxycinammic acid 2,5-Dihydroxycinnamic acid, a hydroxycinammic acid 3,5-Dihydroxycinnamic acid, a hydroxycinammic acid ... Dihydroxycinnamic acid may refer to several molecules with the molecular formula C9H8O4 including: ...
Cicerbita alpina
... and caffeic acid derivatives chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, caffeoyltartaric acid, and cichoric acid. Collett, L ...
Equisetum arvense
... glycosides and caffeic acid phenolic ester. The buds are eaten as a vegetable in Japan and Korea in spring. All other Equisetum ... though it can occur occasionally on slightly acid soils. The plant is widespread in the northern hemisphere, growing as far as ...
Holly
... can contain caffeic acid, caffeoyl derivatives, caffeoylshikimic acid, chlorogenic acid, feruloylquinic acid, quercetin, ... quinic acid, kaempferol, tannins, rutin, caffeine, and theobromine. Holly berries can cause vomiting and diarrhea. They are ...
Kalanchoe pinnata
... phenolic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, malic, oxalic and ferulic acid. Bufadienolides and phenanthrene are toxic compounds ...
Clerodendrum infortunatum
Fumaric acid, caffeic acid esters, β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol glucoside were isolated from the flowers. Apigenin, acacetin ...
Capsaicin
Enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), caffeic acid O- ... caffeic acid O-methyltransferase. Similar studies showed high transcription levels in the placenta of chili peppers with high ... are responsible for identifying leucine as another precursor to the branched-chain fatty acid pathway. It was discovered in ... To produce capsaicin, 8-methyl-6-nonenoyl-CoA is produced by the branched-chain fatty acid pathway and condensed with ...
Prunus
Moreover, these fruits are quite rich in phenolic substances, including catechin, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ... High levels of ROS lead to oxidative stress, which causes damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The oxidative damage ... They also contain moderate levels of carotenoids and ascorbic acid. Peaches and nectarines are orange and yellow in color, ... Some of these natural antioxidants include ascorbic acid, tocopherol, and epigallocatechin gallate; they can be found in ...
Eugenol
S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) is then used to methylate caffeic acid, forming ferulic acid, which is in turn converted to ... p-coumaric acid is converted to caffeic acid by p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase using oxygen and NADPH. ... The biosynthesis of eugenol begins with the amino acid tyrosine. L-tyrosine is converted to p-coumaric acid by the enzyme ... "TLC Densitometric Method for the Quantification of Eugenol and Gallic Acid in Clove". Chromatographia. 60 (3-4): 241-244. doi: ...
Caffenol
There are many formulas for caffenol, all based on preparations that contain caffeic acid (i.e., coffee or tea) and a pH ... The chemistry of caffenol developers is based on the action of the reducing agent caffeic acid, which is chemically unrelated ...
Evaluation of the Gastroprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Caffeine and Caffeic Acid on EthanolInduced Gastric Ulcer
... just as caffeic acid (CA) - a metabolic product from chlorogenic acids - and both have high antioxidant activity, which can ... With our results, we demonstrated the gastroprotective activity of caffeine and caffeic acid, with best results in groups Caf ... Evaluation of the Gastroprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Caffeine and Caffeic Acid on EthanolInduced Gastric Ulcer - ...
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester suppresses the production of adipocytokines, leptin, tumor necrosis factor -alpha and resistin,...
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester suppresses the production of adipocytokines, leptin, tumor necrosis factor -alpha and resistin, ... We previously reported that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) suppresses 3T3-L1 differentiation to adipocytes through the ... Caffeic acid phenethyl ester suppresses the production of adipocytokines, leptin, tumor ne ... fatty acid synthase (Fas) and adipocytes-specific fatty acid binding protein 2 (aP2) expressions (Juman et al., Biol. Pharm. ...
Ferulic acid - Wikipedia
... which is converted to caffeic acid by Sam5, which is then converted to ferulic acid by caffeic acid methyltransferase.[18] ... Diferulic acids (DiFA) : 5,5′-Diferulic acid, 8-O-4′-Diferulic acid, 8,5′-Diferulic acid, 8,5′-DiFA (DC), 8,5′-DiFA (BF), 8,8′- ... 2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid. Ferulate. Coniferic acid. trans-ferulic acid. (E)-ferulic acid ... Ferulic acid is biosynthesized in plants from caffeic acid by the action of the enzyme caffeate O-methyltransferase.[17][2] ...
Plants | Free Full-Text | Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids from Oregano: Occurrence, Biological Activity and Health Benefits
... and phenolic acids (PA). Flavonoids and phenolic acids are among the most abundant and most studied phytochemicals in oregano ... Vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, gallic acid, cinnamic acid, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ... protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, gallic acid, cinnamic acid, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, ... Caffeic acid, lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid. [31]. O. acutidens. Turkey. Water. Gallic acid, caffeic acid, 4- ...
Bioactivities and potential beneficial properties of propolis ethanolic extract, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and Arabic...
A mix of chlorogenic and caffeic acid reduces C/EBPss and PPAR-gamma 1 levels and counteracts lipid accumulation in macrophages...
A mix of chlorogenic and caffeic acid reduces C/EBPss and PPAR-gamma 1 levels and counteracts lipid accumulation in macrophages ... A mix of chlorogenic and caffeic acid reduces C/EBPss and PPAR-gamma 1 levels and counteracts lipid accumulation in macrophages ... A mix of chlorogenic and caffeic acid reduces C/EBPss and PPAR-gamma 1 levels and counteracts lipid accumulation in macrophages ... title = A mix of chlorogenic and caffeic acid reduces C/EBPss and PPAR-gamma 1 levels and counteracts lipid accumulation in ...
Sol-Gel Synthesis of Caffeic Acid Entrapped in Silica/Polyethylene Glycol Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrids: Drug Delivery and...
Finally, UV-Vis measurement was useful to evaluate the caffeic acid kinetic release in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 degrees ... Finally, UV-Vis measurement was useful to evaluate the caffeic acid kinetic release in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 degrees ... In this context, inorganic/organic silica (S)/polyethylene glycol (P)/caffeic acid (A) hybrid systems were synthesized via the ... In this context, inorganic/organic silica (S)/polyethylene glycol (P)/caffeic acid (A) hybrid systems were synthesized via the ...
Moises Asis cmacc 2009 apitherapy for mental disorders and chemical addictions
... caffeic acid, and crysin kill leukemia cells**. • CAPE (caffeic acid phenylester etyl) suppresses the growth of ... Caffeic acid methyl caffeate, phenylethyl caffeate, and phenylethyl dimethyl caffeate have antitumor properties. • Propolis ... Its minerals (copper, iron, manganese, zinc), flavonoids (mainly pinocembrin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), ), and ... Caffeic acid, crysin, and naringin have radioprotective effect.*** • Protects against pesticide toxicity, alleviates toxicity ...
catechols - Ontology Report - Rat Genome Database
caffeic acid +. 580. caffeoylglycolic acid methyl ester. 0. caffeyl alcohol +. 0. calabricoside B. 0. ... 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-(3-oxopropyl)propanimidic acid. 0. 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl] ... 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-(3-oxopropyl)propanimidic acid. 0. 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl] ... 7,8-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-3-methyl-10-oxo-4,10-dihydro-1H,3H-pyrano[4,3-b]chromene-9-carboxylic acid. 0. ...
Eugenol
Summary Report | CureHunter
Calendula plant characteristics, uses and composition - Botanical online
Organic acids: caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, gentístic acid and malic acid.. *Tannins ... Calendula also contains gentístic acid and malic acid, antibacterial and analgesic effects. ... The plant also contains salicylic acid, terpenoids (alpha and beta amyrin), caryophyllene and quercetin, with an analgesic ... Saponins (25%): calendulosides A, D, F, D2; oleanolic acid derivatives.. *Terpenoids and triterpene alcohols: lupeol, taraxerol ...
Café Verde: MedlinePlus suplementos
Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid are absorbed in humans. J Nutr 2001;131:66-71. View abstract. ... Moridani, M. Y., Scobie, H., and OBrien, P. J. Metabolism of caffeic acid by isolated rat hepatocytes and subcellular ... Contribution of chlorogenic acids to the iron-reducing activity of coffee beverages. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Mar 9;53:1399-402 ... Thom E. The effect of chlorogenic acid enriched coffee on glucose absorption in healthy volunteers and its effect on body mass ...
Muskmelon Seed Oil: A Highly Nourishing Oil for Healthy Skin and Hair
Due to the anti-inflammatory properties of Vitamins A, B6, Caffeic, and Ellagic Acids, Muskmelon Seed Oil can also be used as a ... The UV protectants in Caffeic Acid, Potassium, and Vitamin E can also benefit hair health by protecting the hair color from ... The Oils profile also includes Vitamin A (Retinol), Vitamin B6, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Potassium, Caffeic Acid, and Ellagic ... Vitamin E, Oleic Acid and Linoleic Acid are major contributors to restoring hair health and retaining its moisture. ...
DailyMed - Search Results for NOREPINEPHRINE
... caffeic acid, candida albicans, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, coniferyl alcohol, coumarin, dopamine, estrogen, gaba, gallic ... caffeic acid, candida albicans, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, coumarinum, cysteinum, gallicum acidum, hepar suis, histaminum ... ALLERPHENEX I (acetaldehyde, acetylcholine chloride, adrenalinum, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, coumarinum, cysteinum, dopamine ... ADD HP (gaba (gamma-aminobutyric acid), l-dopa, norepinephrine (bitartrate), serotonin (hydrochloride), adrenocorticotrophin, ...
Celery juice and its benefits | Tony Robbins
My Blog
Overtreatment of Prostate Cancer Common - ProgressiveHealth.com
The Tiny Food With Big Bone-Building Benefits - Save Our Bones
Phenolic acids, including caffeic and ferulic acids, both of which are effective free-radical scavengers. ... Hi Vivian, I followed an advert about ethylenediaminetetracetic acid, an amino acid (EDTA) which was attached to one of your ... In the Osteoporosis Reversal Program, I talk about the importance of omega-3 fatty acids, which have been shown to support bone ... are a good source of omega-3 fats in the form of alpha-linoleic acid (ALA) One cup of green peas contains approximately 30 ...
Therapeutic Properties of Stingless Bee Honey in Comparison with European Bee Honey
... syringic acid, benzoic acid, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxyl-cinnamic acids such as chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, p- ... Meanwhile, among the phenolic acid group, the hydroxybenzoic acids such as methyl syringate, gallic acid, ... a variety of phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and apigenin have also been reported in both ... ascorbic acid, carotenoid-like substances, organic acids, Maillard reaction products, amino acids, and proteins [40, 50] ...
Top 5 Natural Remedies for Dry Lips | HowStuffWorks
Suppressive effect of caffeic acid and its derivatives on the generation of UVA-induced reactive oxygen species in the skin of ... Cucumber also contains caffeic acid, an antioxidant that suppresses the generation of free radicals by ultraviolet radiation ( ... Combined into cucumber slices applied topically to the lips, the water and caffeic and ascorbic acids moisturize lips, promote ... Most animal and plant fats are made up of long-chain fatty acids. Coconut oil is made of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), ...
Apitherapy News: February 2011
In addition, both caffeic acid and (+)-chicoric acid methyl ester present in fraction B (3) significantly inhibited UVA- ... Although caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, 1), one of the main constituents of honeybee propolis, has been shown to exert a ... Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Inhibits PDGF-Induced Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Activation of p38 MAPK, ... Inhibition of Stromelysin-1 by Caffeic Acid Derivatives from a Propolis Sample from Algeria. Planta Med, 2011 Feb 8. ...
WST-1 Assay Reagent - Cell Proliferation (ready to use) (ab155902) | Abcam
Publication Year: 2019 / Subject: antineoplastic activity and antioxidant activity - PubAg Search Results
... caffeic acid; caspase-3; catechin; cell death; cell lines; chemical composition; chlorogenic acid; cytoskeleton; death; high ... Lipoic acid nano-capsule was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antitumor activity of lipoic acid free and ... Antioxidant activities of α-lipoic acid free and nano-capsule inhibit the growth of Ehrlich carcinoma ... To evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress, DNA damage, and suppression of tumor growth induced by lipoic acid free ...
Enzymatic oxidation of phenolic compounds in coffee processing wastewater | Water Science & Technology | IWA Publishing
This study evaluates the potential use of different peroxidase sources in the oxidation of caffeic acid and of total phenolic ... The turnip peroxidase (TPE) proved efficient in the removal of caffeic acid, reaching an oxidation of 51.05% in just 15 minutes ... The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in CPW was performed and caffeic acid was found to be the major ... in order to determine the optimum conditions for the enzyme performance for maximum oxidation of caffeic acid. ...
Findings confirm that coffee protects against breast cancer recurrence
Cherry Bomb · Organic Spa Magazine
It contains Japanese cherry blossom (sakura) extract, which delivers antioxidants, caffeic acid and essential fatty acids to ... Theres also white tea extract to restore damaged skin cells and aid skin immunity, as well as hyaluronic acid to hydrate, firm ... Packed with vitamin C, it also minimizes fine lines and dark circles, while hyaluronic acid delivers mega moisture. sephora.com ...
These Stunning Genetically Engineered Plants Glow Bright Green
Since caffeic acid is also present in all plants, the team decided to introduce this fungal DNA into the genomes of tobacco ... The tobacco plants were able to attain such high wattage (metaphorically speaking) thanks to caffeic acid, which was recently ... Likewise, aging leaves dimmed due to reduced caffeic acid content, though "some leaves displayed waves of intense light ...
Phenethyl ester7
- Propolis is a naturopathic honeybee product, and CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester), is a major medicinal component of propolis. (nih.gov)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester suppresses the production of adipocytokines, leptin, tumor necrosis factor -alpha and resistin, during differentiation to adipocytes in 3T3-L1 cells. (bvsalud.org)
- We previously reported that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) suppresses 3T3-L1 differentiation to adipocytes through the inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( PPAR ) gamma, CCAAT/enhancer- binding protein (C/EBP) alpha, fatty acid synthase (Fas) and adipocytes -specific fatty acid binding protein 2 (aP2) expressions (Juman et al. (bvsalud.org)
- The present study aimed to determine the potential neuroprotective activity of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a polyphenolic compound abundant in honeybee, against the neurotoxicity of Aβ1-42 oligomers (AβO) in mice. (nih.gov)
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a honeybee propolis-derived bioactive ingredient, has not been extensively elucidated regarding its effect on prostate cancer and associated mechanisms. (tmu.edu.tw)
- 9. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester upregulates n-myc downstream regulated gene 1 via ERK pathway to inhibit human oral cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. (nih.gov)
- NFkB activation was associated with TNF-alpha production, since the cells pre-treated with a known NFkB inhibitor (caffeic acid phenethyl ester) decreased both NFkB activation and TNF-alpha production. (cdc.gov)
Ester2
- Propolis and its main contact allergen, 1,1-dimethylallyl caffeic acid ester, designated LB-1, show strong sensitizing properties in patients as well as in guinea pig experiments. (nih.gov)
- Propolis allergy: synthesis and patch testing of gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl caffeic acid ester and its o-methyl derivatives. (nih.gov)
Fatty acids18
- Abd El Baky et fatty acids, carotenoids and phenolics (Abd El-Baky et al. (who.int)
- Its rich profile of Essential Fatty Acids makes this oil intensely moisturizing and beneficial for skin and hair health. (newdirectionsaromatics.com)
- Human beings evolved consuming a diet that contained approximately equal amounts of omega-6 and omega-3 essential fatty acids. (researchgate.net)
- Over the past 100−150 years there has been an enormous increase in the consumption of omega-6 fatty acids due to the increased intake of vegetable oils from seeds of corn, sunflower, safflower, cotton and soybeans. (researchgate.net)
- Today, in Western diets, the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids ranges from 10 to 20:1 instead of the traditional range of 1−2:1. (researchgate.net)
- Studies indicate that a high intake of omega-6 fatty acids shifts the physiologic state to one that is prothrombotic and proaggregatory, characterized by increases in blood viscosity, vasospasm, and vasoconstriction and decreases in bleeding time, whereas omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, anti-arrhythmic, hypolipidemic, and vasodilatory properties. (researchgate.net)
- These beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids have been shown in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and hypertension, as for example, in the Lyon Heart Study, the GISSI Prevenzione Trial, and in the The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Study. (researchgate.net)
- The present paper identifies multiple sources of ALA from plants, legumes, nuts and seeds and emphasizes the importance of the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids for proper desaturation and elongation of ALA into EPA and DHA. (researchgate.net)
- linolenic acid is not equivalent in its biological effects to the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids found in marine oils. (researchgate.net)
- One advantage of the consumption of ALA over omega-3 fatty acids from fish is that the problem of insufficient vitamin E intake does not exist with high intake of ALA from plant sources. (researchgate.net)
- Besides, ω-3 fatty acids are known for therapeutic uses and to offer protection against numerous diseases [15]. (researchgate.net)
- Thus, the nutritional value of ω-3 fatty acids is now widely accepted. (researchgate.net)
- With the changes in dietary habits, consumption of ω-6 fatty acid was enhanced, which consequently reduced the level of ω-3 fatty acids in human. (researchgate.net)
- Soybean-derived ω-3 can be potential alternative sources of ω-3 fatty acids for populations living in countries with high risks of inadequate ω-3 intake. (researchgate.net)
- Most animal and plant fats are made up of long-chain fatty acids. (howstuffworks.com)
- Coconut oil is made of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which our bodies metabolize differently than long-chain fats. (howstuffworks.com)
- Most notably, unlike fats composed of long-chain fatty acids, coconut oil doesn't increase cholesterol in the blood stream. (howstuffworks.com)
- In the Osteoporosis Reversal Program , I talk about the importance of omega-3 fatty acids, which have been shown to support bone and joint health, benefit the eyes and skin, maintain fluidity of cell membranes, improve the body's ability to respond to insulin, reduce triglycerides and increase blood flow. (saveourbones.com)
Phenolic Acids4
- These potential health benefits are partially attributed to the phytochemical compounds in oregano such as flavonoids (FL) and phenolic acids (PA). (mdpi.com)
- Flavonoids and phenolic acids are among the most abundant and most studied phytochemicals in oregano species. (mdpi.com)
- A class of phenolic acids related to chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, etc., which are found in plant tissues. (nih.gov)
- Phenolic acids, including caffeic and ferulic acids, both of which are effective free-radical scavengers. (saveourbones.com)
Chlorogenic acids2
- Caffeine (Caf) is one of the most known compounds of coffee, just as caffeic acid (CA) - a metabolic product from chlorogenic acids - and both have high antioxidant activity, which can protect the gastric mucosa, since oxidative stress can trigger the onset of GU. (jscimedcentral.com)
- [3] [4] It is a major metabolite of chlorogenic acids in humans along with caffeic and isoferulic acid , and is absorbed in the small intestine , whereas other metabolites such as dihydroferulic acid , feruloylglycine and dihydroferulic acid sulfate are produced from chlorogenic acid in the large intestine by the action of gut flora . (wikipedia.org)
Ferulic16
- Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid , is an organic compound and a polyphenol with the formula (CH 3 O)HOC 6 H 3 CH=CHCO 2 H. The name is derived from the genus Ferula , referring to the giant fennel ( Ferula communis ). (wikipedia.org)
- Classified as a phenolic phytochemical , ferulic acid is an amber colored solid. (wikipedia.org)
- Esters of ferulic acid are found in plant cell walls , covalently bonded to hemicellulose such as arabinoxylans . (wikipedia.org)
- As a building block of lignocelluloses , such as pectin and lignin , ferulic acid is ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, including a number of vegetable sources. (wikipedia.org)
- In cereals, ferulic acid is localized in the bran - the hard outer layer of grain. (wikipedia.org)
- In wheat , phenolic compounds are mainly found in the form of insoluble bound ferulic acid and may be relevant to resistance to wheat fungal diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- Asterid eudicot plants can also produce ferulic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- The tea brewed from the leaves of yacón ( Smallanthus sonchifolius ), a plant traditionally grown in the northern and central Andes , contains quantities of ferulic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- In legumes , the white bean variety navy bean is the richest source of ferulic acid among the common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) varieties. (wikipedia.org)
- Although there are many sources of ferulic acid in nature, its bioavailability depends on the form in which it is present: free ferulic acid has limited solubility in water, and hence poor bioavailability. (wikipedia.org)
- In wheat grain, ferulic acid is found bound to cell wall polysaccharides , allowing it to be released and absorbed in the small intestine. (wikipedia.org)
- Ferulic acid has been identified in Chinese medicine herbs such as Angelica sinensis (female ginseng), Cimicifuga heracleifolia [11] and Ligusticum chuangxiong . (wikipedia.org)
- Cooked sweetcorn releases increased levels of ferulic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- Ferulic acid glucoside can be found in commercial breads containing flaxseed . (wikipedia.org)
- [15] Rye bread contains ferulic acid dehydrodimers . (wikipedia.org)
- In plants, ferulic acid (right) is derived from phenylalanine (not shown), which is converted to 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (left) and then caffeic acid (center). (wikipedia.org)
Catechin1
- Despite that, a variety of phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and apigenin have also been reported in both honeys [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Apigenin1
- Antioxidants are powerful healing nutrients, and celery juice contains several of these compounds: luteolin, apigenin and caffeic acid. (tonyrobbins.com)
Ascorbic2
- The vegetable has a significant amount of ascorbic acid, known more familiarly as vitamin C. Ascorbic acid promotes the production of collagen , a connective protein that gives structure and resilience to skin tissue. (howstuffworks.com)
- Combined into cucumber slices applied topically to the lips, the water and caffeic and ascorbic acids moisturize lips, promote lip fullness and protect from sun damage. (howstuffworks.com)
Potassium1
- Citric acid, Demineralized water, Potassium sorbate. (nih.gov)
Hydroxycinnamic1
- Caffeic acid (CA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative and polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. (nih.gov)
Linoleic Acid3
- Muskmelon Seed Oil's chemical composition consists of 68.98% Linoleic Acid, 15.84% Oleic Acid, and 28.99% Trilinolein. (newdirectionsaromatics.com)
- Increased intake of linoleic acid is known to interfere with the incorporation of EPA and DHA (which have the most potent inflammatory effects) in cell membrane lipids, and causes platelet aggregation and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein. (researchgate.net)
- It's "good fat" to be sure, but isn't it nice to know that green peas, which are almost entirely fat-free, are a good source of omega-3 fats in the form of alpha-linoleic acid (ALA) One cup of green peas contains approximately 30 milligrams of ALA. (saveourbones.com)
Slices1
- Comparing the Neuroprotective Effects of Caffeic Acid in Rat Cortical Slices and Caenorhabditis elegans: Involvement of Nrf2 and SKN-1 Signaling Pathways. (nih.gov)
Stomach acid2
- A condition in which stomach acid leaks backwards into the esophagus (the muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach), causing heartburn and irritating the lining of the esophagus. (nih.gov)
- It's a natural laxative and helps digestion by raising your stomach acid levels. (tonyrobbins.com)
Beneficial1
- However, -linolenic acid (ALA), found in green leafy vegetables, flaxseed, rapeseed, and walnuts, desaturates and elongates in the body to EPA and DHA and by itself may have beneficial effects in health and in the control of chronic diseases. (researchgate.net)
Vitamins1
- The B vitamin family has a broad scope of action involving energy, mental functions, and proper nerve functioning, and studies have shown that Vitamins B6, B12, and folate (the naturally occurring form of synthetic folic acid or B9) are involved in the chemical reactions that convert homocysteine into other amino acids. (saveourbones.com)
Activity3
- With our results, we demonstrated the gastroprotective activity of caffeine and caffeic acid, with best results in groups Caf 300 and CA 40 showing the decrease in GU area and the antioxidant potential mediated by GSH and GPx pathways. (jscimedcentral.com)
- The cytotoxic effects of Echinace flower extracts and cichoric acid on cell viability, telomerase activity, DNA fragmentation, β-catenin, caspase-9, and cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) of human colon cancer cell were examined. (nih.gov)
- Cichoric acid treatment decreased telomerase activity in HCT-116 cells. (nih.gov)
Synthesis1
- In this context, inorganic/organic silica (S)/polyethylene glycol (P)/caffeic acid (A) hybrid systems were synthesized via the sol-gel method with different weight percentages of P and A. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) revealed that caffeic acid undergoes an oxidizing phenomenon in the sol-gel synthesis condition. (unisa.it)
Organic1
- Finally, UV-Vis measurement was useful to evaluate the caffeic acid kinetic release in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 degrees C. The kinetic study disclosed that the hybrid materials without polyethylene glycol had faster release rates than the ones obtained without the organic polymer. (unisa.it)
Extract2
- The aims of this study were to provide a preliminary validation of the effects of 50% aqueous ethanol extract of Echinacea purpurea flowers and its major compound, cichoric acid, on human colon cancer cells Caco-2 and HCT-116. (nih.gov)
- The results showed a significant inhibition of proliferation in E. purpurea flower extract and cichoric acid in a dose- and time-dependent manner. (nih.gov)
Plant1
- Plant-derived omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is an essential fatty acid in human and animal diets and is a precursor of eicosapentaenoic acid and doco-sahexaenoic acid, which exists as α-linolenic acid (ALA, ω-3) in plant oil. (researchgate.net)
Phenethyl Ester2
- The present study aimed to determine the potential neuroprotective activity of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a polyphenolic compound abundant in honeybee, against the neurotoxicity of Aβ1-42 oligomers (AβO) in mice. (nih.gov)
- 7. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester upregulates n-myc downstream regulated gene 1 via ERK pathway to inhibit human oral cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. (nih.gov)
Cinnamic1
- Caffeic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. (nih.gov)
Hydroxycinnamic acid2
Phenolic3
- Dietary phenolic compounds such as caffeic and chlorogenic acid exert an antiproliferative effect and modulate the gene-specific DNA methylation status in human breast tumor cells, but it remains unclear whether they interfere with global DNA methylation in human leukemia cells. (nih.gov)
- These phenolic acids (1-100 μM) neither induced DNA damage (comet assay) nor increased the micronuclei frequency (micronucleus assay) in HL-60 and Jurkat cells, indicating that they were not genotoxic or mutagenic. (nih.gov)
- Caffeic acid (CA) is a plant -derived phenolic acid that exhibits potential as a dietary supplement for enhancing intestinal health . (bvsalud.org)
Chlorogenic3
- We examined whether caffeic and chlorogenic acid (1-250 µM) exert antitumor action in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) and human acute T-cell leukemia cells (Jurkat). (nih.gov)
- Caffeic and chlorogenic acid did not reduce cell viability in the two cell lines, as assessed using the neutral red uptake and MTT assays. (nih.gov)
- Analysis of global DNA methylation levels using a 5-mC DNA ELISA kit revealed that chlorogenic acid at a non-cytotoxic concentration (100 μM) induced global DNA hypomethylation in Jurkat cells, but not in HL-60 cells, suggesting that it exerts a cell-specific effect. (nih.gov)
Main1
- The main compounds are aliphatic acids (37 compounds), which represent 54.73, 8.72, 22.87 and 64.10% for Acacia, Coriander, Sider and Palm honeys ( Table 1 ). (medscape.com)
Concentration1
- Succinic acid as a dioic acid was only present in Palm honey with a high concentration (28.72%), 3-hydroxy-sebacic acid was only present in Acacia honey. (medscape.com)