Caenorhabditis elegans. Medical search

A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.

Proteins from the nematode species CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. The proteins from this species are the subject of scientific interest in the area of multicellular organism MORPHOGENESIS.

A genus of small free-living nematodes. Two species, CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS and C. briggsae are much used in studies of genetics, development, aging, muscle chemistry, and neuroanatomy.

The functional hereditary units of HELMINTHS.

Proteins found in any species of helminth.

The external genitalia of the female. It includes the CLITORIS, the labia, the vestibule, and its glands.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of helminths.

ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.

Ribonucleic acid in helminths having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

The genetic complement of a helminth (HELMINTHS) as represented in its DNA.

In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The normal length of time of an organism's life.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms at various stages during GAMETOGENESIS.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A class of unsegmented helminths with fundamental bilateral symmetry and secondary triradiate symmetry of the oral and esophageal structures. Many species are parasites.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.

The gamete-producing glands, OVARY or TESTIS.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx).

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.

Genes whose loss of function or gain of function MUTATION leads to the death of the carrier prior to maturity. They may be essential genes (GENES, ESSENTIAL) required for viability, or genes which cause a block of function of an essential gene at a time when the essential gene function is required for viability.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Substances used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. They are used also in veterinary practice.

A family of transcription factors that contain two ZINC FINGER MOTIFS and bind to the DNA sequence (A/T)GATA(A/G).

Animals and plants which have, as their normal mode of reproduction, both male and female sex organs in the same individual.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division, occurring during maturation of the GERM CELLS. Two successive cell nucleus divisions following a single chromosome duplication (S PHASE) result in daughter cells with half the number of CHROMOSOMES as the parent cells.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Periodic casting off FEATHERS; HAIR; or cuticle. Molting is a process of sloughing or desquamation, especially the shedding of an outer covering and the development of a new one. This phenomenon permits growth in ARTHROPODS, skin renewal in AMPHIBIANS and REPTILES, and the shedding of winter coats in BIRDS and MAMMALS.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The mechanisms by which the SEX of an individual's GONADS are fixed.

An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The muscles of the PHARYNX are voluntary muscles arranged in two layers. The external circular layer consists of three constrictors (superior, middle, and inferior). The internal longitudinal layer consists of the palatopharyngeus, the salpingopharyngeus, and the stylopharyngeus. During swallowing, the outer layer constricts the pharyngeal wall and the inner layer elevates pharynx and LARYNX.

The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

Mutation process that restores the wild-type PHENOTYPE in an organism possessing a mutationally altered GENOTYPE. The second "suppressor" mutation may be on a different gene, on the same gene but located at a distance from the site of the primary mutation, or in extrachromosomal genes (EXTRACHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE).

Genes that are introduced into an organism using GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.

Loose connective tissue lying under the DERMIS, which binds SKIN loosely to subjacent tissues. It may contain a pad of ADIPOCYTES, which vary in number according to the area of the body and vary in size according to the nutritional state.

Validation of the SEX of an individual by inspection of the GONADS and/or by genetic tests.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.

The joining of RNA from two different genes. One type of trans-splicing is the "spliced leader" type (primarily found in protozoans such as trypanosomes and in lower invertebrates such as nematodes) which results in the addition of a capped, noncoding, spliced leader sequence to the 5' end of mRNAs. Another type of trans-splicing is the "discontinuous group II introns" type (found in plant/algal chloroplasts and plant mitochondria) which results in the joining of two independently transcribed coding sequences. Both are mechanistically similar to conventional nuclear pre-mRNA cis-splicing. Mammalian cells are also capable of trans-splicing.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. Polarized cells must direct proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the appropriate domain since tight junctions prevent proteins from diffusing between the two domains.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

One of two types of muscle in the body, characterized by the array of bands observed under microscope. Striated muscles can be divided into two subtypes: the CARDIAC MUSCLE and the SKELETAL MUSCLE.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The sensation of cold, heat, coolness, and warmth as detected by THERMORECEPTORS.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

A genus of parasitic nematode worms which infest the duodenum and stomach of domestic and wild herbivores, which ingest it with the grasses (POACEAE) they eat. Infestation of man is accidental.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

A family of conserved cell surface receptors that contain EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR repeats in their extracellular domain and ANKYRIN repeats in their cytoplasmic domains. The cytoplasmic domain of notch receptors is released upon ligand binding and translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS where it acts as transcription factor.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Specialized afferent neurons capable of transducing sensory stimuli into NERVE IMPULSES to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Sometimes sensory receptors for external stimuli are called exteroceptors; for internal stimuli are called interoceptors and proprioceptors.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

Undifferentiated cells resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE). Inside the intact ZONA PELLUCIDA, each cleavage yields two blastomeres of about half size of the parent cell. Up to the 8-cell stage, all of the blastomeres are totipotent. The 16-cell MORULA contains outer cells and inner cells.

An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.

The female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in human and other male-heterogametic species.

The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.

Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.

Screening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate interplay between proteins and other molecules. Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. Reverse n-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for mutations or other small molecules that dissociate known interactions.

Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

The process of germ cell development in the female from the primordial germ cells through OOGONIA to the mature haploid ova (OVUM).

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A form of gene interaction whereby the expression of one gene interferes with or masks the expression of a different gene or genes. Genes whose expression interferes with or masks the effects of other genes are said to be epistatic to the effected genes. Genes whose expression is affected (blocked or masked) are hypostatic to the interfering genes.

Genes that have a suppressor allele or suppressor mutation (SUPPRESSION, GENETIC) which cancels the effect of a previous mutation, enabling the wild-type phenotype to be maintained or partially restored. For example, amber suppressors cancel the effect of an AMBER NONSENSE MUTATION.

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.

Populations of thin, motile processes found covering the surface of ciliates (CILIOPHORA) or the free surface of the cells making up ciliated EPITHELIUM. Each cilium arises from a basic granule in the superficial layer of CYTOPLASM. The movement of cilia propels ciliates through the liquid in which they live. The movement of cilia on a ciliated epithelium serves to propel a surface layer of mucus or fluid. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The alignment of CHROMOSOMES at homologous sequences.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

A class of animal lectins that bind specifically to beta-galactoside in a calcium-independent manner. Members of this class are distiguished from other lectins by the presence of a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain. The majority of proteins in this class bind to sugar molecules in a sulfhydryl-dependent manner and are often referred to as S-type lectins, however this property is not required for membership in this class.

A cell surface receptor for INSULIN. It comprises a tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits which are derived from cleavage of a single precursor protein. The receptor contains an intrinsic TYROSINE KINASE domain that is located within the beta subunit. Activation of the receptor by INSULIN results in numerous metabolic changes including increased uptake of GLUCOSE into the liver, muscle, and ADIPOSE TISSUE.

A species of parasitic nematode usually found in domestic pigs and a few other animals. Human infection can also occur, presumably as result of handling pig manure, and can lead to intestinal obstruction.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from a single ZYGOTE, as opposed to CHIMERISM in which the different cell populations are derived from more than one zygote.

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.

The parts of the gene sequence that carry out the different functions of the GENES.

The fertilized OVUM resulting from the fusion of a male and a female gamete.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

A microtubule structure that forms during CELL DIVISION. It consists of two SPINDLE POLES, and sets of MICROTUBULES that may include the astral microtubules, the polar microtubules, and the kinetochore microtubules.

Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A superfamily of nematodes of the order RHABDITIDA. Characteristics include an open tube stoma and an excretory system with lateral canals.

Regulation of body length and male tail ray pattern formation of Caenorhabditis elegans by a member of TGF-beta family. (1/9183)

We have identified a new member of the TGF-beta superfamily, CET-1, from Caenorhabditis elegans, which is expressed in the ventral nerve cord and other neurons. cet-1 null mutants have shortened bodies and male tail abnormal phenotype resembling sma mutants, suggesting cet-1, sma-2, sma-3 and sma-4 share a common pathway. Overexpression experiments demonstrated that cet-1 function requires wild-type sma genes. Interestingly, CET-1 appears to affect body length in a dose-dependent manner. Heterozygotes for cet-1 displayed body lengths ranging between null mutant and wild type, and overexpression of CET-1 in wild-type worms elongated body length close to lon mutants. In male sensory ray patterning, lack of cet-1 function results in ray fusions. Epistasis analysis revealed that mab-21 lies downstream and is negatively regulated by the cet-1/sma pathway in the male tail. Our results show that cet-1 controls diverse biological processes during C. elegans development probably through different target genes. (+info)

Alzheimer's disease: clues from flies and worms. (2/9183)

Presenilin mutations give rise to familial Alzheimer's disease and result in elevated production of amyloid beta peptide. Recent evidence that presenilins act in developmental signalling pathways may be the key to understanding how senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and apoptosis are all biochemically linked. (+info)

Alterations in the conserved SL1 trans-spliced leader of Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrate flexibility in length and sequence requirements in vivo. (3/9183)

Approximately 70% of mRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans are trans spliced to conserved 21- to 23-nucleotide leader RNAs. While the function of SL1, the major C. elegans trans-spliced leader, is unknown, SL1 RNA, which contains this leader, is essential for embryogenesis. Efforts to characterize in vivo requirements of the SL1 leader sequence have been severely constrained by the essential role of the corresponding DNA sequences in SL1 RNA transcription. We devised a heterologous expression system that circumvents this problem, making it possible to probe the length and sequence requirements of the SL1 leader without interfering with its transcription. We report that expression of SL1 from a U2 snRNA promoter rescues mutants lacking the SL1-encoding genes and that the essential embryonic function of SL1 is retained when approximately one-third of the leader sequence and/or the length of the leader is significantly altered. In contrast, although all mutant SL1 RNAs were well expressed, more severe alterations eliminate this essential embryonic function. The one non-rescuing mutant leader tested was never detected on messages, demonstrating that part of the leader sequence is essential for trans splicing in vivo. Thus, in spite of the high degree of SL1 sequence conservation, its length, primary sequence, and composition are not critical parameters of its essential embryonic function. However, particular nucleotides in the leader are essential for the in vivo function of the SL1 RNA, perhaps for its assembly into a functional snRNP or for the trans-splicing reaction. (+info)

The Caenorhabditis elegans sex determination gene mog-1 encodes a member of the DEAH-Box protein family. (4/9183)

In the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite germ line, the sex-determining gene fem-3 is repressed posttranscriptionally to arrest spermatogenesis and permit oogenesis. This repression requires a cis-acting regulatory element in the fem-3 3' untranslated region; the FBF protein, which binds to this element; and at least six mog genes. In this paper, we report the molecular characterization of mog-1 as well as additional phenotypic characterization of this gene. The mog-1 gene encodes a member of the DEAH-box family. Three mog-1 alleles possess premature stop codons and are likely to be null alleles, and one is a missense mutation and is likely to retain residual activity. mog-1 mRNA is expressed in both germ line and somatic tissues and appears to be ubiquitous. The MOG-1 DEAH-box protein is most closely related to proteins essential for splicing in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but splicing appears to occur normally in a mog-1-null mutant. In addition to its involvement in the sperm-oocyte switch and control of fem-3, zygotic mog-1 is required for robust germ line proliferation and for normal growth during development. We suggest that mog-1 plays a broader role in RNA regulation than previously considered. (+info)

NMD3 encodes an essential cytoplasmic protein required for stable 60S ribosomal subunits in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (5/9183)

A mutation in NMD3 was found to be lethal in the absence of XRN1, which encodes the major cytoplasmic exoribonuclease responsible for mRNA turnover. Molecular genetic analysis of NMD3 revealed that it is an essential gene required for stable 60S ribosomal subunits. Cells bearing a temperature-sensitive allele of NMD3 had decreased levels of 60S subunits at the nonpermissive temperature which resulted in the formation of half-mer polysomes. Pulse-chase analysis of rRNA biogenesis indicated that 25S rRNA was made and processed with kinetics similar to wild-type kinetics. However, the mature RNA was rapidly degraded, with a half-life of 4 min. Nmd3p fractionated as a cytoplasmic protein and sedimented in the position of free 60S subunits in sucrose gradients. These results suggest that Nmd3p is a cytoplasmic factor required for a late cytoplasmic assembly step of the 60S subunit but is not a ribosomal protein. Putative orthologs of Nmd3p exist in Drosophila, in nematodes, and in archaebacteria but not in eubacteria. The Nmd3 protein sequence does not contain readily recognizable motifs of known function. However, these proteins all have an amino-terminal domain containing four repeats of Cx2C, reminiscent of zinc-binding proteins, implicated in nucleic acid binding or protein oligomerization. (+info)

The nuclear receptor superfamily has undergone extensive proliferation and diversification in nematodes. (6/9183)

The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily is the most abundant class of transcriptional regulators encoded in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome, with >200 predicted genes revealed by the screens and analysis of genomic sequence reported here. This is the largest number of NR genes yet described from a single species, although our analysis of available genomic sequence from the related nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae indicates that it also has a large number. Existing data demonstrate expression for 25% of the C. elegans NR sequences. Sequence conservation and statistical arguments suggest that the majority represent functional genes. An analysis of these genes based on the DNA-binding domain motif revealed that several NR classes conserved in both vertebrates and insects are also represented among the nematode genes, consistent with the existence of ancient NR classes shared among most, and perhaps all, metazoans. Most of the nematode NR sequences, however, are distinct from those currently known in other phyla, and reveal a previously unobserved diversity within the NR superfamily. In C. elegans, extensive proliferation and diversification of NR sequences have occurred on chromosome V, accounting for > 50% of the predicted NR genes. (+info)

Characterization of a mutant pancreatic eIF-2alpha kinase, PEK, and co-localization with somatostatin in islet delta cells. (7/9183)

Phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2alpha (eIF-2alpha) is one of the key steps where protein synthesis is regulated in response to changes in environmental conditions. The phosphorylation is carried out in part by three distinct eIF-2alpha kinases including mammalian double-stranded RNA-dependent eIF-2alpha kinase (PKR) and heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI), and yeast GCN2. We report the identification and characterization of a related kinase, PEK, which shares common features with other eIF-2alpha kinases including phosphorylation of eIF-2alpha in vitro. We show that human PEK is regulated by different mechanisms than PKR or HRI. In contrast to PKR or HRI, which are dependent on autophosphorylation for their kinase activity, a point mutation that replaced the conserved Lys-614 with an alanine completely abolished the eIF-2alpha kinase activity, whereas the mutant PEK was still autophosphorylated when expressed in Sf-9 cells. Northern blot analysis indicates that PEK mRNA was predominantly expressed in pancreas, though low expression was also present in several tissues. Consistent with the high levels of mRNA in pancreas, the PEK protein was only detected in human pancreatic islets, and the kinase co-localized with somatostatin, a pancreatic delta cell-specific hormone. Thus PEK is believed to play an important role in regulating protein synthesis in the pancreatic islet, especially in islet delta cells. (+info)

Characterization of a Caenorhabditis elegans recA-like gene Ce-rdh-1 involved in meiotic recombination. (8/9183)

A recA-like gene was identified in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome project database. The putative product of the gene, termed Ce-rdh-1 (C. elegans RAD51 and DMC1/LIM15 homolog 1), consists of 357 amino acid residues. The predicted amino acid sequence of Ce-rdh-1 showed 46-60% identity to both RAD51 type and DMC1/LIM15 type genes in several eukaryote species. The results of RNAi (RNA-mediated interference) indicated that repression of Ce-rdh-1 blocked chromosome condensation of six bivalents and dissociation of chiasmata in oocytes of F1 progeny. Oogenesis did not proceed to the diakinesis stage. Accordingly, all the eggs produced (F2) died in early stages. These results suggest that Ce-rdh-1 participates in meiotic recombination. (+info)

The Orsay virus is a virus that affects C. elegans, as well as the Caenorhabditis elegans Cer1 virus and the Caenorhabditis ... Scholia has a taxon profile for Caenorhabditis elegans. Scholia has a topic profile for Caenorhabditis elegans. Brenner S (2002 ... Caenorhabditis elegans (category) Wikispecies has information related to Caenorhabditis elegans. ... Caenorhabditis elegans at eppo.int (EPPO code CAEOEL) Cylinder, Drew (2022). "Using C. elegans to study anesthesia". doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans

... is a species of retroviruses in the genus Metavirus. Bowen, N. J. (1999-10-01). "Genomic ... Analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans Reveals Ancient Families of Retroviral-like Elements". Genome Research. Cold Spring Harbor ... Caenorhabditis elegans, All stub articles, Virus stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans_Cer1_virus

Caenorhabditis elegans genetics, RNA, Non-coding RNA, Nematode nucleic acids). ... 7-trimethylguanosine cap structures in Caenorhabditis elegans". BMC Molecular Biology. 8: 86. doi:10.1186/1471-2199-8-86. PMC ... Small RNAs (sRNAs) have been identified within the C. elegans genome and comparative genomics has shown that they are conserved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans_small_RNAs

... is a species of virus in the genus Semotivirus and the family Belpaoviridae. It exists as ... Frame IG, Cutfield JF, Poulter RTM (2001) New BEL-like LTR-retrotransposons in Fugu rubripes, Caenorhabditis elegans, and ... of Viruses Descriptions of Plant Viruses Archived 2019-11-20 at the Wayback Machine Data related to Caenorhabditis elegans ... Caenorhabditis elegans, All stub articles, Virus stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans_Cer13_virus

A database of behavioral and structural anatomy of Caenorhabditis elegans) WormBook (The online review of C. elegans biology) ( ... "Natural variation and population genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans (December 26, 2005), WormBook, ed. The C. elegans Research ... Caenorhabditis elegans- microbe interactions are defined as any interaction that encompasses the association with microbes that ... Caenorhabditis elegans Gnotobiosis Microbiome in the Drosophila gut Microbiota Samuel, Buck S.; Rowedder, Holli; Braendle, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_microbe_interactions_in_Caenorhabditis_elegans

The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans was first studied in the laboratory by Victor Nigon and Ellsworth Dougherty in the ... Brenner, Sydney (1988). "Foreword". In Wood, William Barry (ed.). The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y ... May 2014). "Random and targeted transgene insertion in Caenorhabditis elegans using a modified Mos1 transposon". Nat. Methods. ... Six scientists have won the Nobel prize for their work on C. elegans. C. elegans was first described in 1900 by Émile Maupas, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_research_on_Caenorhabditis_elegans

The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, like Drosophila, has been studied largely because of its importance in genetics. In ... Hodgkin J (2001). "Caenorhabditis elegans". In Brenner S, Miller JH (eds.). Encyclopedia of Genetics. Elsevier. pp. 251-256. ... Ardiel, EL; Rankin, CH (2010). "An elegant mind: learning and memory in Caenorhabditis elegans". Learning and Memory. 17 (4): ... Brenner, Sydney (1974). "The Genetics of CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS". Genetics. 77 (1): 71-94. doi:10.1093/genetics/77.1.71. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain

"SWISS-MODEL , Caenorhabditis elegans". swissmodel.expasy.org. Retrieved 2020-02-14. "SWISS-MODEL , Escherichia coli". ... Model organisms include human, mouse, C.elegans, E.coli, and various pathogens including severe acute respiratory syndrome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss-model

Caenorhabditis elegans. Wall chart". Science. 270 (5235): 415-430. doi:10.1126/science.270.5235.410. PMID 7569996. S2CID ... Hyman, A. A.; White, J. G. (1987). "Determination of cell division axes in the early embryogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans". ... Hird, S. N.; White, J. G. (1993). "Cortical and cytoplasmic flow polarity in early embryonic cells of Caenorhabditis elegans". ... Kimble, J. E.; White, J. G. (1981). "On the control of germ cell development in Caenorhabditis elegans". Developmental Biology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Graham_White

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been studied because of its importance in genetics. In the early 1970s, Sydney Brenner ... Hodgkin J (2001). "Caenorhabditis elegans". In Brenner S, Miller JH (eds.). Encyclopedia of Genetics. Elsevier. pp. 251-256. ... elegans. Each of these has its own advantages and disadvantages as a model system. For example, the C. elegans nervous system ... "The Structure of the Nervous System of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroanatomy

Caenorhabditis elegans). It was first identified in Escherichia coli-a prokaryotic cell that can be found in the intestines of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology

Nematode: Caenorhabditis elegans. Good embryo supply. Well developed genetics. Low cost. Algae: Chlamydomonas Yeast: ... Riddle DL, Blumenthal T, Meyer BJ, Priess JR (1997). C.elegans II. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_biology

Caenorhabditis elegans M04F3.5 protein. The vertebrate IRSp53/MIM family is divided into two major groups: the IRSp53 subfamily ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMD_domain

The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living, transparent nematode, about 1 mm in length, that lives in temperate soil ... OpenWorm is an international open science project for the purpose of simulating the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans at the ... Wood, WB (1988). The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-87969-433-3. ... There are fewer than one thousand cells in the whole body of a C. elegans worm, and because C. elegans is a model organism, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenWorm

Decay of mature miRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans is mediated by the 5'-to-3' exoribonuclease XRN2, also known as Rat1p. In ... Lee RC, Ambros V (October 2001). "An extensive class of small RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans". Science. 294 (5543): 862-4. ... Chatterjee S, Grosshans H (September 2009). "Active turnover modulates mature microRNA activity in Caenorhabditis elegans". ... "The microRNAs of Caenorhabditis elegans". Genes & Development. 17 (8): 991-1008. doi:10.1101/gad.1074403. PMC 196042. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroRNA

For that reason, balancers are also used in other model organisms, most notably the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans and ... In one instance, balancers were used to genetically screen a population of Caenorhabditis elegans. By this point in time, ... Herman, Robert K.; Albertson, Donna G.; Brenner, Sydney (1976-05-15). "Chromosome Rearrangements in Caenorhabditis Elegans". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balancer_chromosome

Around the same time, the presenilin homolog in Caenorhabditis elegans, sel-12, was independently identified as a contributor ... Levitan D, Greenwald I (September 1995). "Facilitation of lin-12-mediated signalling by sel-12, a Caenorhabditis elegans S182 ... Smialowska A, Baumeister R (2006). "Presenilin function in Caenorhabditis elegans". Neuro-Degenerative Diseases. 3 (4-5): 227- ... including model organisms Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presenilin

Brenner, S. (May 1974). "The Genetics of Caenorhabditis Elegans". Genetics. 77 (1): 71-94. doi:10.1093/genetics/77.1.71. PMC ... unc-18 Gene Encodes a Novel Protein Affecting the Kinetics of Acetylcholine Metabolism in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans ... elegans) and are a member of the Sec1/Munc18-like (SM) protein family. Munc-18 proteins have been identified as essential ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munc-18

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used for understanding the genetic control of development and physiology. It was first ... The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is studied because it has very defined development patterns involving fixed numbers of ... 1986). "The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. ... ISBN 978-0-87969-532-3. Brenner, S (1974). "The Genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans". Genetics. 77 (1): 71-94. doi:10.1093/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_organism

Brenner then focused on establishing a free-living roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for the investigation ... He established the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for the investigation of developmental biology, and ... Sulston, J.; Brenner, S. (1974). "The DNA of Caenorhabditis elegans". Genetics. 77 (1): 95-104. doi:10.1093/genetics/77.1.95. ... Brenner, Sydney (1974). "The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans". Genetics. 77 (1): 71-94. doi:10.1093/genetics/77.1.71. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Brenner

Specimens of Caenorhabditis elegans survive. June 2 - The first European Mars mission Mars Express launched. September 27 - The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_in_science

Early studies in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster saw large-scale, systematic loss of function (LOF) screens ... Brenner S (May 1974). "The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans". Genetics. 77 (1): 71-94. doi:10.1093/genetics/77.1.71. PMC ... in Caenorhabditis elegans development". Mechanisms of Development. 95 (1-2): 67-76. doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00339-7. PMID ... "The polo-like kinase PLK-1 is required for nuclear envelope breakdown and the completion of meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome-wide_CRISPR-Cas9_knockout_screens

"Centriole assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans". Nature. 444 (7119): 619-623. Bibcode:2006Natur.444..619P. doi:10.1038/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMOD_(software)

Sulston, J.; Brenner, S. (1974). "The DNA of Caenorhabditis elegans". Genetics. 77 (1): 95-104. doi:10.1093/genetics/77.1.95. ... Sulston, J. E.; Horvitz, H. R. (1977). "Post-embryonic cell lineages of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans". Developmental ... Sulston, J.E.; Horvitz, H.R. (1977). "Post-embryonic cell lineages of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans". Developmental ... The C. elegans Sequencing Consortium (1998). "Genome Sequence of the Nematode C. elegans: A Platform for Investigating Biology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sulston

Praitis V, Maduro MF (2011). "Transgenesis in C. elegans". Caenorhabditis elegans: Molecular Genetics and Development. Methods ... The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is one of the major model organisms for researching molecular biology. RNA interference ( ... Diogo J, Bratanich A (November 2014). "The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to study viruses". Archives of Virology. ... Conte D, MacNeil LT, Walhout AJ, Mello CC (January 2015). RNA Interference in Caenorhabditis elegans. Current Protocols in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_animal

"Caenorhabditis elegans". nemaplex.ucdavis.edu. Retrieved 30 March 2022. "1998: Genome of Roundworm C. elegans Sequenced". ... The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. William Barry Wood. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. 1988. ISBN 0- ... Brenner, S (1 May 1974). "The Genetics of Caenorhabditis Elegans". Genetics. 77 (1): 71-94. doi:10.1093/genetics/77.1.71. ISSN ... The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. pp. ix-xiii. ISBN 0-87969-307-X. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warwick_L._Nicholas

The Caenorhabditis elegans sel-12 gene encodes a multi-pass transmembrane domain protein that is similar to human presenilin. ... a Caenorhabditis elegans S182 Alzheimer's disease gene". Nature. 377 (6547): 351-354. Bibcode:1995Natur.377..351L. doi:10.1038/ ... sel-12 also plays a role in thermotaxis (the nematode worm prefers a certain temperature and moves accordingly). C. elegans ... Stefan Eimer (2003). "Analysis and suppression of mutant sel-12 in C. elegans". Ph.D. Thesis, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel-12

Caenorhabditis elegans uncharacterised protein ZC168.2. These neurohormones are peptides of 70 to 80 amino acid residues which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustacean_neurohormone_family

Caenorhabditis elegans hypothetical protein W06E11.4. Methanococcus jannaschii hypothetical protein MJ0592. This particular ... "Identification of novel human genes evolutionarily conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative proteomics". Genome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBDS

In Caenorhabditis elegans self-fertilized eggs exit the body through the vulva. This organ develops from a subset of cell of an ... Kornfeld (1997). "Vulval development in Caenorhabditis elegans". Trends Genet. 13 (2): 55-61. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(97)01005-6 ... Sternberg and Horvitz; Horvitz, HR (1986). "Pattern formation during vulval development in C. elegans". Cell. 44 (5): 761-72. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_group

Deficiency of the enzyme can be studied in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. The rad-6 strain has a premature stop ... Merry A (2007). Characterisation and Identification of a Radiation Sensitive Mutant in Caenorhabditis elegans (Ph.D.). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_monophosphate_synthase

2000). "Identification of Novel Human Genes Evolutionarily Conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by Comparative Proteomics". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIPI2

... the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans)?" asks Erwin. He answered his own question about the "astonishing morphological diversity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endless_Forms_Most_Beautiful_(book)

... ranging from the simple budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to worms such as Caenorhabditis elegans and fruit flies ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence

2000). "Identification of Novel Human Genes Evolutionarily Conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by Comparative Proteomics". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L4

... is a British biologist who mapped the complete nervous system of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans (C. ... 1986) 'The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans'". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal ... Ankeny, Rachel A. (June 2001). "The natural history of Caenorhabditis elegans research". Nature Reviews Genetics. 2 (6): 474- ... "The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans," it is commonly referred to by its running title, " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen_Southgate

"An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans". Science. 294 (5543): 858-62. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_interspersed_nuclear_element

The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans-a nematode frequently used in biological research-is one such organism. Some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XO_sex-determination_system

... peer-reviewed chapters covering topics related to the biology of the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). ... Corsi, Ann K. (2015). "A Transparent window into biology: A primer on Caenorhabditis elegans". WormBook: 1-31. doi:10.1895/ ... The C. elegans Sequencing Consortium (1998). "Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: A platform for investigating biology ... Bioinformatics, Biology books, Cell biology, Caenorhabditis elegans, Proteins, Animal developmental biology). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WormBook

Moorthy S, Chen L, Bennett V (May 2000). "Caenorhabditis elegans beta-G spectrin is dispensable for establishment of epithelial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPTAN1

For example, in Caenorhabditis elegans (or C. elegans), sex is determined by the ratio of X chromosomes relative to autosomes; ... elegans. In fact, xol-1 is often referred to in the literature as the master sex regulatory gene of C. elegans. XX C. elegans ... as observed in Caenorhabditis elegans). These mechanisms have been widely studied and manipulated in model organisms commonly ... "A ONECUT homeodomain protein communicates X chromosome dose to specify Caenorhabditis elegans sexual fate by repressing a sex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-chromosome_dosage_compensation

Chalfie M, Thomson JN (1979). "Organization of neuronal microtubules in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans". Journal of Cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule

The genus includes P. pacificus, a satellite model organism to the well-studied nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In ... from Nepal and La Réunion Island and P. elegans n. sp. from Japan". Journal of Nematology. 44 (1): 80-91. PMC 3593256. PMID ... China Pristionchus elegans -from dung beetles in Japan Pristionchus entomophagus -hermaphroditic (males rare); cosmopolitan, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pristionchus

Tissenbaum, H.A.; L. Guarente (2001). "Increased dosage of a sir-2 gene extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans". Nature. ... In round worm, Guarente reported that Caenorhabditis elegans, expression of SIR2 (sir2.1) is sufficient to extend longevity and ... Caenorhabditis elegans), and mice. He is a Novartis Professor of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Leonard ... elegans. That same year, David Sinclair joined the Guarente lab, and they developed the hypothesis that caloric restriction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_P._Guarente

There are 270 nuclear receptors in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans alone, 21 in the fruit fly and other insects, 73 in ... The placement of C. elegans nhr-1 (Q21878) is disputed: although most sources place it as NR1K1, manual annotation at WormBase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_receptor

The title of his PhD thesis: "Genome analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans: Genetic and molecular identification of genes tightly ... region of Caenorhabditis elegans". Molecular and General Genetics MGG. 236-236 (2-3): 289-298. doi:10.1007/BF00277125. ISSN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Marra

Another example of liquid droplets in cells are the germline P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans. These granules separate out ... The droplets can also grow to be many molecules across (micrometres) Studies of droplets of the Caenorhabditis elegans protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecular_condensate

... mouse and Caenorhabditis elegans, fruit fly, honey bee, carp, whiteleg shrimp Other Fungi: Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BZIP_intron_RNA_motif

... the teneurin family is conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans (ten-1) to vertebrates, in which four paralogs exist (teneurin-1 ... and neuronal pathfinding in Caenorhabditis elegans". Developmental Biology. 282 (1): 27-38. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.02.017. ... The intracellular domains of Ten-a, Ten-m/Odz and C. elegans TEN-1 are significantly different, both in size and structure, ... Teneurins are highly conserved between Drosophila, C. elegans and vertebrates. In each species, they are expressed by a subset ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teneurin

Caenorhabditis elegans POD-1 and Drosophila coronin homologue regulate the actin cytoskeleton and are involved in vesicular ... The coronin-like proteins from budding yeast Crn1 and one of the coronins in Caenorhabditis elegans has a much longer unique ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronin

Proteolytic regulation of Cdt1 is shared by higher eukaryotes including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, X. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-replication_complex

Yamamoto, William S.; Achacoso, Theodore B. (1992-06-01). "Scaling up the nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans: Is one ape ... The first (and so far only) fully reconstructed connectome belongs to the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. The major effort ... "The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of ... "Whole-animal connectomes of both Caenorhabditis elegans sexes". Nature. 571 (7763): 63-71. Bibcode:2019Natur.571...63C. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectome

"The phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve/Fab1p regulates terminal lysosome maturation in Caenorhabditis elegans". Molecular Biology ... In contrast, the knockout of the FYVE domain-containing enzymes in A. thaliana, D. melanogaster, C. elegans and M. musculus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIKFYVE

Some organisms like Caenorhabditis elegans have not been demonstrated to have 5mC nor a conventional DNA methyltransferase; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenomics

Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode worm) Candida albicans SC5314 Canis familiaris (dog) Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioGRID

Bishop JD, Han Z, Schumacher JM (2005). "The Caenorhabditis elegans Aurora B kinase AIR-2 phosphorylates and is required for ... The one exception to this effect is mitosis within the nematode, C. elegans, in which Kinesin-5 is not strictly essential for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesin-like_protein_KIF11

v t e (Protein pages needing a picture, Caenorhabditis elegans genes, All stub articles, Gene stubs). ... which was originally found in model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. When the TGF-β ligand daf-7 binds to the TGF-β receptors ... Gumienny TL, Savage-Dunn C (July 2013). "TGF-β signaling in C. elegans". WormBook: 1-34. doi:10.1895/wormbook.1.22.2. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daf-8

In both human cells and Caenorhabditis elegans MED15 is involved in lipid homeostasis through the pathway involving SREBPs In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediator_(coactivator)

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans makes one Cdc14 (CeCdc14), which localizes to the spindle and centrosomes in mitosis, and ... "The CeCDC-14 phosphatase is required for cytokinesis in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo". Journal of Cell Biology. 158 (5): ... elegans". Nat Cell Biol. 6 (8): 777-783. doi:10.1038/ncb1154. PMID 15247923. S2CID 33369498. Mocciaro, A; Schiebel, E (2010). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdc14

The sequenced genome of C. elegans predicts three distinct genes, mgl - 1 , mgl - 2 and mgl - 3 (designated Y4C6A.2). (portlandpress.com)
C. elegans is the first animal to have its entire genome mapped out. (alleghenycampus.com)
Digging for dead genes: an analysis of the characteristics of the pseudogene population in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome. (gersteinlab.org)
Found in the Caenorhabditis elegans reference genome. (rnacentral.org)
C. elegans, a free-living nematode that feeds on soil microorganisms, is a simple multicellular eukaryote with its genome first completely sequenced and its cell lineage well described. (big.ac.cn)
The microscopic free-living nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans was the first metazoan to have its genome sequenced and for many decades has served as a genetically tractable model for the investigation of neural mechanisms of behavioral plasticity. (oxfordre.com)
Most importantly, I found that most of these 12 candidate genes also play essential role in directing the genome replication of Orsay virus, which naturally infects C. elegans . (lsu.edu)
Check out our detailed JoVE protocol and accompanying video walkthrough for genome editing with CRISPR-Cas9 RNPs in primary human HSPCs and T cells, Caenorhabditis elegans , and Parhyale hawaiensis . (innovativegenomics.org)

Viswanathan, M., Kim, S. K., Berdichevsky, A. & Guarente, L. A role for SIR-2.1 regulation of ER stress response genes in determining C. elegans life span. (nature.com)
The ces (for cell-death specification) genes of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans control the cell-death fate of individual cell types and are candidates for being the regulators of an evolutionarily conserved general pathway of programmed cell death. (uzh.ch)
From an unbiased screen for Caenorhabditis elegans mutants that show a progressive decline in motility, we aimed to identify genes that play a modulatory role in maintenance of locomotor healthspan. (aging-us.com)
The third and last prize came in 2008 for the discovery of green fluorescent protein tagging using C. elegans, a versatile bioluminescent that has the ability to light up specific genes and cells. (alleghenycampus.com)
About 38% of the genes in C. elegans have human ortholog, giving us a complementary approach of how to solve a range of human diseases. (alleghenycampus.com)
Selection of reliable reference genes in Caenorhabditis elegans for analysis of nanotoxicity[J]. PloS one, 2012, 7(3): e31849. (big.ac.cn)
hunchback and Ikaros-like zinc finger genes control reproductive system development in Caenorhabditis elegans. (ncsu.edu)
Additionally, we have traced the parallels regarding the impact of triketones on the tyrosine metabolism pathway, in C. elegans to those in mammalian models, wherein the expression of the tyrosine metabolism pathway genes are altered, directly influencing tyrosine catabolism leading to significant tyrosine accumulation in exposed organism. (bvsalud.org)
The researchers investigated the interactions between the transcription factor DAF-16 and the genes that regulate the production of an insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1-like) protein related to the development, reproduction, and aging in C. elegans. (asu.edu)
Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans they show that the inheritance of small RNAs antisense to histone genes adversely affect the fertility of worms across generations until they become sterile. (pasteur.fr)
We developed efficient procedures for targeted, heritable disruption of genes and cis-acting regulatory elements in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and applied them to C. briggsae , a species diverged by 15 to 30 million years. (bioseek.eu)

Berdichevsky, A., Viswanathan, M., Horvitz, H. R. & Guarente, L. C. elegans SIR-2.1 interacts with 14-3-3 proteins to activate DAF-16 and extend life span. (nature.com)
We provide insight into how the AID system functions in C. elegans by determining that TIR1 depends on C. elegans SKR-1/2, CUL-1, and RBX-1 to degrade target proteins. (nih.gov)

One member of Caenorhabditis, C. elegans is a model organism that has been used extensively in genetic and genomic studies [e.g. 25-27]. (scirp.org)
Glutamatergic transmission itself plays a fundamental role in the simple nervous system of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans , but little is known about the contribution made by mGluR signalling. (portlandpress.com)
Taken together, this molecular characterization provides a platform to further investigate mGluR function in the model organism C. elegans . (portlandpress.com)
Margaret Nelson, professor of biology and biochemistry, commented on the usefulness of C. elegans as a model organism. (alleghenycampus.com)
In this study, we have employed a non-target organism Caenorhabditis elegans to determine the impact of ß-triketone exposures at recommended field doses (RfD). (bvsalud.org)
Brenner won the Nobel Prize for establishing Caenorhabditis elegans, a type of roundworm, as the model organism for cellular and developmental biological research, which led to discoveries in organ development and programmed cell death. (elizabethdzeng.com)

C. elegans muscle age is a data set of fluorescence 20X microscopy images of C. elegans nematodes stained with phalloidin to visualize actin in muscles at different ages (1,2,4, and 8). (cellimagelibrary.org)
To date, nematodes in general, and Caenorhabditis in particular, have contributed little to these studies [13-20]. (scirp.org)
Caenorhabditis is a genus of microbiophagus nematodes that reproduce on rotting fruit [21,22]. (scirp.org)
Caenorhabditis species reproduce rapidly with generation times of three to four days at 20˚C. Like other nematodes, Caenorhabditis species form developmentally arrested, alternative third stage, dauer larvae in conditions of environmental stress [23]. (scirp.org)
In 1964, while working in the Department of Nutritional Sciences at UC Berkeley and interested in axenic culture of nematodes, Dougherty introduced the idea of using C. elegans to Sydney Brenner and provided him with a culture of the nematode. (ucdavis.edu)
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a simple and welldefined genetic model, has gained increasing popularity among scientists to study the molecular mechanism of emerging materials.Nematodes are the most abundant soil-dwelling invertebrates that occupied a key position in terrestrial ecosystem by influencing energy transfer and nutrient cycling. (big.ac.cn)
In 2003, molecular biology and genetics researchers Coleen T. Murphy, Steven A. McCarroll, Cornelia I. Bargmann, Andrew Fraser, Ravi S. Kamath, Julie Ahringer, Hao Li, and Cynthia Kenyon conducted an experiment that investigated the cellular aging in, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) nematodes. (asu.edu)

Caenorhabditis elegans is a translucent free-living nematode that is about 1mm long and has a life cycle of 3.5 days when grown on Escherichia coli at 20°C (Brenner, 1974 ). (oxfordre.com)

With these new resources, Caenorhabditis is poised to become an important speciation genetics model system. (scirp.org)
Much of the recognition for the selection and development of C. elegans as a model system in genetics and developmental biology can be attributed to Ellsworth C. Dougherty . (ucdavis.edu)
Virtually all C. elegans genetics has been done with the Bristol strain, more specifically with the N2 line that Sydney Brenner derived from the Bristol culture he obtained from Ellsworth Dougherty. (ucdavis.edu)
Attribution: This strain was provided by the C. elegans Reverse Genetics Core Facility at the University of British Columbia, which is part of the international C. elegans Gene Knockout Consortium, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use. (umn.edu)
Developmental genetics of secretory vesicle acidification during Caenorhabditis elegans spermatogenesis. (cdc.gov)

Here, we present WormQTL2, a database and platform for comparative investigations and meta-analyses of published (e)QTL data sets in the model nematode worm C. elegans. (wur.nl)
According to the Harvard School of Public Health, C. elegans is a non-parasitic nematode worm typically found in rotting soil or vegetation. (alleghenycampus.com)

We found that in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, AB and P 1 cells fated to be somatic tissue and germline, respectively, have different cytokinesis kinetics supported by distinct myosin levels and organization. (biologists.com)
Now, on p. 4975 , Boag and co-workers report that a conserved RNA-protein (RNP)complex regulates germline apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans . (biologists.com)

Apfeld, J. & Kenyon, C. Regulation of lifespan by sensory perception in Caenorhabditis elegans . (nature.com)
South African Microbiologist Sydney Brenner began his 2002 Nobel Prize lecture for the discovery he made with two other colleges concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death (apoptosis) with the use of the then newly discovered microorganism known as Caenorhabditis elegan. (alleghenycampus.com)
Chromatin regulation and sex determination in Caenorhabditis elegans. (ncsu.edu)
Caenorhabditis Elegans Reproductive Aging: Regulation and Underlying Mechanisms. (princeton.edu)

Protein turnover rates severely decline in aging organisms, including C. elegans . (mcponline.org)
Using Facebook-like algorithms, a bespoke microscope, and hefty doses of patience, a team of scientists has determined the brain structure of one of biology's most powerful model organisms, the transparent, millimeter-long nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. (khn.org)

In my introductory biology setting and junior seminar I talk about work done on C. elegans studying signal transduction pathways, a kind of intercellular relay race," Nelson said. (alleghenycampus.com)
Interestingly, until the mid 1970s, people working in developmental biology frequently confused C. briggsae and C. elegans and many of the cultures being used were mis-identified. (ucdavis.edu)
In the two decades since the identification of small RNA, first in Caenorhabditis elegans and then in other animals, scientists in many disciplines have made significant progress in elucidating their biology. (mirnablog.com)

The MAPK cascade, DLK-1/MKK-4/PMK-3/MAK2, is identified as an essential signaling pathway involved in axon regeneration in C. elegans. (kegg.jp)
These results indicate that the cle-1 NC1/ES domain regulates cell and axon migrations in C. elegans. (ku.edu)

In this research, toxicity of nanoparticulate and bulk ZnO, Al(2)O(3) and TiO(2) were examined to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans with Escherichia coli as a food source. (unboundmedicine.com)
For the effects on C. elegans, the worms were exposed to bacteria free culture supernatants in 24 well microtitre plate for 24 h and then transferred to OP50 Escherichia coli lawn culture. (who.int)

The purpose of the dataset C. elegans terminal bulb aging is to deduce the age of the nemathode based on images of the pharynx terminal bulb (part of the eating apparatus). (cellimagelibrary.org)

it was subsequently placed in the subgenus Caenorhabditis by Osche (1952) and then raised to generic status by Dougherty (1955). (ucdavis.edu)

However, in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans piRNA mutants are initially fertile and become sterile only after many generations. (pasteur.fr)

The winner of the Nobel prize this year is Caenorhabditis elegans," Brenner said. (alleghenycampus.com)
Sydney Brenner obtained his culture of the Bristol strain of C. elegans from Dougherty (Brenner, 1974). (ucdavis.edu)

Many mature central nervous system (CNS) neurons in non-mammals, such as C. elegans, Drosophila, and zebrafish, are able to regenerate after injuries. (kegg.jp)
It is possible that the C. elegans pathways that inhibit regeneration function to stabilize the mature, uninjured nervous system. (kegg.jp)

Osche smjestio ga je u podrod Caenorhabditis , 1952. (wikipedia.org)

We also demonstrate that K-NAA, the water-soluble, potassium salt of NAA, can be combined with microfluidics for targeted protein degradation in C. elegans larvae. (nih.gov)
Newly hatched C. elegans larvae are 0.25mm long and develop through four stages, L1-L4, to reach the adult stage after 3 days. (oxfordre.com)

Tissenbaum and Guarente 1 identified the first metazoan Sir2 homologue shown to affect lifespan, Caenorhabditis elegans sir-2.1 . (nature.com)
The Caenorhabditis elegans collagen XVIII homologue, cle-1, encodes three developmentally regulated protein isoforms expressed predominantly in neurons. (ku.edu)

Caenorhabditis elegans je slobodnoživeća, prozirna nematoda , dužine oko 1 mm, [5] koja živi u umjerenom okruženju tla. (wikipedia.org)

godine, a Dougherty podigao je Caenorhabditis u status roda . (wikipedia.org)

An economical and highly adaptable optogenetics system for individual and population-level manipulation of Caenorhabditis elegans . (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate the sleep homeostat of C. elegans, I developed an automated sleep deprivation setup based on mechanical stimulation/optogenetics allowing simultaneous behavioral analysis and functional imaging of neurons. (uni-goettingen.de)
Optogenetics throughout Caenorhabditis elegans. (prbookmarkingwebsites.com)

Repositorio consejería de sanidad de madrid: Interplay among Resistance Profiles, High-Risk Clones, and Virulence in the Caenorhabditis elegans Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection Model. (repositoriosaludmadrid.es)
In this work, we attempted to decipher the interplay between resistance profiles, high-risk clones, and virulence, testing a large (n = 140) collection of well-characterized P. aeruginosa isolates from different sources (bloodstream infections, nosocomial outbreaks, cystic fibrosis, and the environment) in a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model. (repositoriosaludmadrid.es)

Here, using the developmental event of anchor cell (AC) invasion in Caenorhabditis elegans, we observe that the AC deforms the BM and underlying tissue just before invasion, exerting forces in the tens of nanonewtons range. (scilifelab.se)
Caenorhabditis elegans SWI/SNF subunits control sequential developmental stages in the somatic gonad. (ncsu.edu)

Here, we reported an experimental system to evaluate the intestinal permeability by using human intestinal cell layers and the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. (growkudos.com)
This chemical can also improve intestinal permeability dysfuction of a model animal, C. elegans. (growkudos.com)
Nobel prizes in 2002 and 2006 were awarded for studies that used C. elegans as a model system. (ucdavis.edu)
Consistent with previous data, we documented a clear inverse correlation between antimicrobial resistance and virulence in the C. elegans model. (repositoriosaludmadrid.es)
The highest virulence of ST235 could be attributed to its exoU+ type III secretion system (TTSS) genotype, which was found to be linked with higher virulence in our C. elegans model. (repositoriosaludmadrid.es)
Other markers, such as motility or pigment production, were not essential for virulence in the C. elegans model but seemed to be related with the higher values of the statistical normalized data. (repositoriosaludmadrid.es)
In contrast to ST235, the ST175 high-risk clone, which is widespread in Spain and France, seems to be associated with a particularly low virulence in the C. elegans model. (repositoriosaludmadrid.es)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Toxigenicity testing of clinical isolates of non-typhoidal salmonellae in Vero cell culture & Caenorhabditis elegans model. (who.int)

Tissenbaum, H. A. & Guarente, L. Increased dosage of a sir-2 gene extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans . (nature.com)
C. elegans is fairly cheap, easy to grow and has a fairly short lifespan," Nelson said. (alleghenycampus.com)

The Caenorhabditis elegans unc-2 gene encodes a voltage-gated calcium channel α 1 subunit structurally related to mammalian dihydropyridine-insensitive high-threshold channels. (jneurosci.org)

Maupas prvobitno ga je nazvao Rhabditides elegans . (wikipedia.org)

Although central pattern generators (CPGs) are typically involved in animal locomotion, their presence in C. elegans has been questioned, mainly because there has been no evident circuit that supports intrinsic network oscillations. (mit.edu)
Despite the relative simplicity of C. elegans , its locomotion machinery is not yet well understood. (mit.edu)
Although network central pattern generators are commonly involved in animal locomotion, their presence in C. elegans has been questioned due to a lack of an evident neural circuit to support it. (mit.edu)
Here we report the involvement of hda-3, encoding a class I histone deacetylase, as a genetic factor that contributes in the maintenance of general health and locomotion in C. elegans . (aging-us.com)

Previously used to reconstruct the C. elegans wiring diagram, serial-section transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM) is a proven technique for the task. (janelia.org)

In addition, C. elegans are hermaphrodites, meaning they possess both male and female reproductive organs. (alleghenycampus.com)

This miRNA sequence is 23 nucleotides long and is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. (rnacentral.org)

Finally, we present highly penetrant defects from NAA-mediated degradation of the FTZ-F1 nuclear hormone receptor, NHR-25, during C. elegans uterine-vulval development. (nih.gov)
The Caenorhabditis elegans nuclear hormone receptor. (ubc.ca)
Caenorhabditis elegans Nuclear Hormone Receptor NHR-49, an orthologue of mammalian Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha (PPARα). (elifesciences.org)

WormQTL2 makes data on natural variation in C. elegans and the identified QTLs interactively accessible, allowing studies beyond the original publications. (wur.nl)

A transcriptional program promotes remodeling of GABAergic synapses in Caenorhabditis elegans. (vanderbilt.edu)

Together, this work improves our use and understanding of the AID system for dissecting gene function at the single-cell level during C. elegans development. (nih.gov)
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits sleep that is regulated homeostatically during larval development. (uni-goettingen.de)
In Caenorhabditis elegans, GABAergic Dorsal D (DD) motor neuron synapses are relocated to new sites during larval development. (vanderbilt.edu)
Study of development and reproduction of C. elegans was possible because the strains were morphologically identical but physiologically different (Fatt, 1961). (ucdavis.edu)
The relative abundances of the modifications indicated are shown at different times during germ cell development in Caenorhabditis elegans . (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy24

Organisms11

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs32

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes60

Information Science4

Health Care1

Regulation of body length and male tail ray pattern formation of Caenorhabditis elegans by a member of TGF-beta family. (1/9183)

Alzheimer's disease: clues from flies and worms. (2/9183)

Alterations in the conserved SL1 trans-spliced leader of Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrate flexibility in length and sequence requirements in vivo. (3/9183)

The Caenorhabditis elegans sex determination gene mog-1 encodes a member of the DEAH-Box protein family. (4/9183)

NMD3 encodes an essential cytoplasmic protein required for stable 60S ribosomal subunits in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (5/9183)

The nuclear receptor superfamily has undergone extensive proliferation and diversification in nematodes. (6/9183)

Characterization of a mutant pancreatic eIF-2alpha kinase, PEK, and co-localization with somatostatin in islet delta cells. (7/9183)

Characterization of a Caenorhabditis elegans recA-like gene Ce-rdh-1 involved in meiotic recombination. (8/9183)

Caenorhabditis elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins

Caenorhabditis

Genes, Helminth

Helminth Proteins

Vulva

DNA, Helminth

Animals, Genetically Modified

RNA, Helminth

Genome, Helminth

Disorders of Sex Development

Mutation

Molecular Sequence Data

Longevity

Amino Acid Sequence

RNA Interference

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Germ Cells

Phenotype

Nematoda

Embryo, Nonmammalian

Larva

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Base Sequence

Aldicarb

Gonads

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Cloning, Molecular

Pharynx

Sequence Alignment

Transcription Factors

Signal Transduction

Oviposition

Conserved Sequence

Locomotion

Genes, Lethal

Alleles

Membrane Proteins

Chromosome Mapping

Antinematodal Agents

GATA Transcription Factors

Hermaphroditic Organisms

Meiosis

Models, Biological

Luminescent Proteins

Gene Expression Regulation

Molting

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

DNA, Complementary

Sex Determination Processes

Levamisole

Morphogenesis

Phylogeny

Neurons

Pharyngeal Muscles

Nervous System

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Evolution, Molecular

Genome

Suppression, Genetic

Transgenes

Models, Genetic

Intestines

Subcutaneous Tissue

Sex Determination Analysis

Muscles

Cell Lineage

Body Patterning

Trans-Splicing

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Species Specificity

RNA, Double-Stranded

DNA Primers

Cell Polarity

Behavior, Animal

Genes, Reporter

Muscle, Striated

Nerve Tissue Proteins

Protein Binding

Temperature