Caenorhabditis. Medical search

A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.

Proteins from the nematode species CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. The proteins from this species are the subject of scientific interest in the area of multicellular organism MORPHOGENESIS.

A genus of small free-living nematodes. Two species, CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS and C. briggsae are much used in studies of genetics, development, aging, muscle chemistry, and neuroanatomy.

The functional hereditary units of HELMINTHS.

Proteins found in any species of helminth.

The external genitalia of the female. It includes the CLITORIS, the labia, the vestibule, and its glands.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of helminths.

ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.

Ribonucleic acid in helminths having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

The genetic complement of a helminth (HELMINTHS) as represented in its DNA.

In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The normal length of time of an organism's life.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A class of unsegmented helminths with fundamental bilateral symmetry and secondary triradiate symmetry of the oral and esophageal structures. Many species are parasites.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms at various stages during GAMETOGENESIS.

Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

The gamete-producing glands, OVARY or TESTIS.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx).

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

Genes whose loss of function or gain of function MUTATION leads to the death of the carrier prior to maturity. They may be essential genes (GENES, ESSENTIAL) required for viability, or genes which cause a block of function of an essential gene at a time when the essential gene function is required for viability.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Substances used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. They are used also in veterinary practice.

A family of transcription factors that contain two ZINC FINGER MOTIFS and bind to the DNA sequence (A/T)GATA(A/G).

Animals and plants which have, as their normal mode of reproduction, both male and female sex organs in the same individual.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division, occurring during maturation of the GERM CELLS. Two successive cell nucleus divisions following a single chromosome duplication (S PHASE) result in daughter cells with half the number of CHROMOSOMES as the parent cells.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The mechanisms by which the SEX of an individual's GONADS are fixed.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Periodic casting off FEATHERS; HAIR; or cuticle. Molting is a process of sloughing or desquamation, especially the shedding of an outer covering and the development of a new one. This phenomenon permits growth in ARTHROPODS, skin renewal in AMPHIBIANS and REPTILES, and the shedding of winter coats in BIRDS and MAMMALS.

An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The muscles of the PHARYNX are voluntary muscles arranged in two layers. The external circular layer consists of three constrictors (superior, middle, and inferior). The internal longitudinal layer consists of the palatopharyngeus, the salpingopharyngeus, and the stylopharyngeus. During swallowing, the outer layer constricts the pharyngeal wall and the inner layer elevates pharynx and LARYNX.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

Mutation process that restores the wild-type PHENOTYPE in an organism possessing a mutationally altered GENOTYPE. The second "suppressor" mutation may be on a different gene, on the same gene but located at a distance from the site of the primary mutation, or in extrachromosomal genes (EXTRACHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE).

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Validation of the SEX of an individual by inspection of the GONADS and/or by genetic tests.

The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Genes that are introduced into an organism using GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Loose connective tissue lying under the DERMIS, which binds SKIN loosely to subjacent tissues. It may contain a pad of ADIPOCYTES, which vary in number according to the area of the body and vary in size according to the nutritional state.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.

The joining of RNA from two different genes. One type of trans-splicing is the "spliced leader" type (primarily found in protozoans such as trypanosomes and in lower invertebrates such as nematodes) which results in the addition of a capped, noncoding, spliced leader sequence to the 5' end of mRNAs. Another type of trans-splicing is the "discontinuous group II introns" type (found in plant/algal chloroplasts and plant mitochondria) which results in the joining of two independently transcribed coding sequences. Both are mechanistically similar to conventional nuclear pre-mRNA cis-splicing. Mammalian cells are also capable of trans-splicing.

RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

One of two types of muscle in the body, characterized by the array of bands observed under microscope. Striated muscles can be divided into two subtypes: the CARDIAC MUSCLE and the SKELETAL MUSCLE.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A genus of parasitic nematode worms which infest the duodenum and stomach of domestic and wild herbivores, which ingest it with the grasses (POACEAE) they eat. Infestation of man is accidental.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

The female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in human and other male-heterogametic species.

Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. Polarized cells must direct proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the appropriate domain since tight junctions prevent proteins from diffusing between the two domains.

A family of conserved cell surface receptors that contain EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR repeats in their extracellular domain and ANKYRIN repeats in their cytoplasmic domains. The cytoplasmic domain of notch receptors is released upon ligand binding and translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS where it acts as transcription factor.

The sensation of cold, heat, coolness, and warmth as detected by THERMORECEPTORS.

The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.

An order of nematodes of the subclass SECERNENTEA. Its organisms are characterized by an annulated or smooth cuticle and the absence of caudal glands.

Specialized afferent neurons capable of transducing sensory stimuli into NERVE IMPULSES to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Sometimes sensory receptors for external stimuli are called exteroceptors; for internal stimuli are called interoceptors and proprioceptors.

Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

Undifferentiated cells resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE). Inside the intact ZONA PELLUCIDA, each cleavage yields two blastomeres of about half size of the parent cell. Up to the 8-cell stage, all of the blastomeres are totipotent. The 16-cell MORULA contains outer cells and inner cells.

Screening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate interplay between proteins and other molecules. Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. Reverse n-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for mutations or other small molecules that dissociate known interactions.

Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

Genes that have a suppressor allele or suppressor mutation (SUPPRESSION, GENETIC) which cancels the effect of a previous mutation, enabling the wild-type phenotype to be maintained or partially restored. For example, amber suppressors cancel the effect of an AMBER NONSENSE MUTATION.

The process of germ cell development in the female from the primordial germ cells through OOGONIA to the mature haploid ova (OVUM).

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A species of parasitic nematode usually found in domestic pigs and a few other animals. Human infection can also occur, presumably as result of handling pig manure, and can lead to intestinal obstruction.

A class of animal lectins that bind specifically to beta-galactoside in a calcium-independent manner. Members of this class are distiguished from other lectins by the presence of a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain. The majority of proteins in this class bind to sugar molecules in a sulfhydryl-dependent manner and are often referred to as S-type lectins, however this property is not required for membership in this class.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.

A form of gene interaction whereby the expression of one gene interferes with or masks the expression of a different gene or genes. Genes whose expression interferes with or masks the effects of other genes are said to be epistatic to the effected genes. Genes whose expression is affected (blocked or masked) are hypostatic to the interfering genes.

Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.

The alignment of CHROMOSOMES at homologous sequences.

Populations of thin, motile processes found covering the surface of ciliates (CILIOPHORA) or the free surface of the cells making up ciliated EPITHELIUM. Each cilium arises from a basic granule in the superficial layer of CYTOPLASM. The movement of cilia propels ciliates through the liquid in which they live. The movement of cilia on a ciliated epithelium serves to propel a surface layer of mucus or fluid. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.

A cell surface receptor for INSULIN. It comprises a tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits which are derived from cleavage of a single precursor protein. The receptor contains an intrinsic TYROSINE KINASE domain that is located within the beta subunit. Activation of the receptor by INSULIN results in numerous metabolic changes including increased uptake of GLUCOSE into the liver, muscle, and ADIPOSE TISSUE.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

The fertilized OVUM resulting from the fusion of a male and a female gamete.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

The parts of the gene sequence that carry out the different functions of the GENES.

The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from a single ZYGOTE, as opposed to CHIMERISM in which the different cell populations are derived from more than one zygote.

A superfamily of nematodes of the order RHABDITIDA. Characteristics include an open tube stoma and an excretory system with lateral canals.

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

The ultimate exclusion of nonsense sequences or intervening sequences (introns) before the final RNA transcript is sent to the cytoplasm.

Cells specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptor cells may monitor external stimuli, as in TASTE and OLFACTION, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE in the blood.

Sensation of making physical contact with objects, animate or inanimate. Tactile stimuli are detected by MECHANORECEPTORS in the skin and mucous membranes.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

A microtubule structure that forms during CELL DIVISION. It consists of two SPINDLE POLES, and sets of MICROTUBULES that may include the astral microtubules, the polar microtubules, and the kinetochore microtubules.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

A mixture of mostly avermectin H2B1a (RN 71827-03-7) with some avermectin H2B1b (RN 70209-81-3), which are macrolides from STREPTOMYCES avermitilis. It binds glutamate-gated chloride channel to cause increased permeability and hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells. It also interacts with other CHLORIDE CHANNELS. It is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that is active against microfilariae of ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS but not the adult form.

A neomorphic syntaxin mutation blocks volatile-anesthetic action in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1/594)

The molecular mechanisms underlying general anesthesia are unknown. For volatile general anesthetics (VAs), indirect evidence for both lipid and protein targets has been found. However, no in vivo data have implicated clearly any particular lipid or protein in the control of sensitivity to clinical concentrations of VAs. Genetics provides one approach toward identifying these mechanisms, but genes strongly regulating sensitivity to clinical concentrations of VAs have not been identified. By screening existing mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we found that a mutation in the neuronal syntaxin gene dominantly conferred resistance to the VAs isoflurane and halothane. By contrast, other mutations in syntaxin and in the syntaxin-binding proteins synaptobrevin and SNAP-25 produced VA hypersensitivity. The syntaxin allelic variation was striking, particularly for isoflurane, where a 33-fold range of sensitivities was seen. Both the resistant and hypersensitive mutations decrease synaptic transmission; thus, the indirect effect of reducing neurotransmission does not explain the VA resistance. As assessed by pharmacological criteria, halothane and isoflurane themselves reduced cholinergic transmission, and the presynaptic anesthetic effect was blocked by the resistant syntaxin mutation. A single gene mutation conferring high-level resistance to VAs is inconsistent with nonspecific membrane-perturbation theories of anesthesia. The genetic and pharmacological data suggest that the resistant syntaxin mutant directly blocks VA binding to or efficacy against presynaptic targets that mediate anesthetic behavioral effects. Syntaxin and syntaxin-binding proteins are candidate anesthetic targets. (+info)

Evolution of sperm size in nematodes: sperm competition favours larger sperm. (2/594)

In the free-living rhabditid nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, sperm size is a determinant of sperm competitiveness. Larger sperm crawl faster and physically displace smaller sperm to take fertilization priority, but not without a cost: larger sperm are produced at a slower rate. Here, we investigate the evolution of sperm size in the family Rhabditidae by comparing sperm among 19 species, seven of which are hermaphroditic (self-fertile hermaphrodites and males), the rest being gonochoristic (females and males). We found that sperm size differed significantly with reproductive mode: males of gonochoristic species had significantly larger sperm than did males of the hermaphroditic species. Because males compose 50% of the populations of gonochoristic species but are rare in hermaphroditic species, the risk of male-male sperm competition is greater in gonochoristic species. Larger sperm have thus evolved in species with a greater risk of sperm competition. Our results support recent studies contending that sperm size may increase in response to sperm competition. (+info)

Crystal structure of human p32, a doughnut-shaped acidic mitochondrial matrix protein. (3/594)

Human p32 (also known as SF2-associated p32, p32/TAP, and gC1qR) is a conserved eukaryotic protein that localizes predominantly in the mitochondrial matrix. It is thought to be involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and in nucleus-mitochondrion interactions. We report the crystal structure of p32 determined at 2.25 A resolution. The structure reveals that p32 adopts a novel fold with seven consecutive antiparallel beta-strands flanked by one N-terminal and two C-terminal alpha-helices. Three monomers form a doughnut-shaped quaternary structure with an unusually asymmetric charge distribution on the surface. The implications of the structure on previously proposed functions of p32 are discussed and new specific functional properties are suggested. (+info)

ELT-3: A Caenorhabditis elegans GATA factor expressed in the embryonic epidermis during morphogenesis. (4/594)

We have identified a gene encoding a new member of the Caenorhabditis elegans GATA transcription factor family, elt-3. The predicted ELT-3 polypeptide contains a single GATA-type zinc finger (C-X2-C-X17-C-X2-C) along with a conserved adjacent basic region. elt-3 mRNA is present in all stages of C. elegans development but is most abundant in embryos. Reporter gene analysis and antibody staining show that elt-3 is first expressed in the dorsal and ventral hypodermal cells, and in hypodermal cells of the head and tail, immediately after the final embryonic cell division that gives rise to these cells. No expression is seen in the lateral hypodermal (seam) cells. elt-3 expression is maintained at a constant level in the epidermis until the 2(1/2)-fold stage of development, after which reporter gene expression declines to a low level and endogenous protein can no longer be detected by specific antibody. A second phase of elt-3 expression in cells immediately anterior and posterior to the gut begins in pretzel-stage embryos. elt-1 and lin-26 are two genes known to be important in specification and maintenance of hypodermal cell fates. We have found that elt-1 is required for the formation of most, but not all, elt-3-expressing cells. In contrast, lin-26 function does not appear necessary for elt-3 expression. Finally, we have characterised the candidate homologue of elt-3 in the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae. Many features of the elt-3 genomic and transcript structure are conserved between the two species, suggesting that elt-3 is likely to perform an evolutionarily significant function during development. (+info)

Functional genomics in Caenorhabditis elegans: An approach involving comparisons of sequences from related nematodes. (5/594)

Comparative genomic analysis was used to investigate the gene structure of the bli-4 locus from two related Caenorhabditis species, C. elegans and C. briggsae. In C. elegans, bli-4 is a complex gene encoding a member of the kex2/subtilisin-like family of proprotein convertases. Genomic sequence comparisons coupled with RT-PCR analysis identified five additional coding exons that had not been identified previously using standard recombinant DNA techniques. The C. briggsae gene was able to rescue both viable blistered and developmentally arrested mutants of C. elegans bli-4, demonstrating functional conservation. In addition, deletion analysis of conserved sequences outside of coding regions, combined with phenotypic rescue experiments, identified regulatory elements that alter the expression of the bli-4 gene. These results demonstrate the utility of genomic sequence comparisons of homologous genes in related species as an effective tool with which to dissect the functional information of complex genes. (+info)

lir-2, lir-1 and lin-26 encode a new class of zinc-finger proteins and are organized in two overlapping operons both in Caenorhabditis elegans and in Caenorhabditis briggsae. (6/594)

lin-26, which encodes a unique Zn-finger protein, is required for differentiation of nonneuronal ectodermal cells in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we show that the two genes located immediately upstream of lin-26 encode LIN-26-like Zn-finger proteins; hence their names are lir-1 and lir-2 (lin-26 related). lir-2, lir-1, and lin-26 generate several isoforms by alternative splicing and/or trans-splicing at different positions. On the basis of their trans-splicing pattern, their intergenic distances, and their expression, we suggest that lir-2, lir-1, and lin-26 form two overlapping transcriptional operons. The first operon, which is expressed in virtually all cells, includes lir-2 and long lir-1 isoforms. The second operon, which is expressed in the nonneuronal ectoderm, includes short lir-1 isoforms, starting at exon 2 and lin-26. This unusual genomic organization has been conserved in C. briggsae, as shown by cloning the C. briggsae lir-2, lir-1, and lin-26 homologs. Particularly striking is the sequence conservation throughout the first lir-1 intron, which is very long in both species. Structural conservation is functionally meaningful as C. briggsae lin-26 is also expressed in the nonneuronal ectoderm and can complement a C. elegans lin-26 null mutation. (+info)

Homologs of the Caenorhabditis elegans masculinizing gene her-1 in C. briggsae and the filarial parasite Brugia malayi. (7/594)

The masculinizing gene her-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce-her-1) encodes a novel protein, HER-1A, which is required for male development. To identify conserved elements in her-1 we have cloned and characterized two homologous nematode genes: one by synteny from the closely related free-living species C. briggsae (Cb-her-1) and the other, starting with a fortuitously identified expressed sequence tag, from the distantly related parasite Brugia malayi (Bm-her-1). The overall sequence identities of the predicted gene products with Ce-HER-1A are only 57% for Cb-HER-1, which is considerably lower than has been found for most homologous briggsae genes, and 35% for Bm-HER-1. However, conserved residues are found throughout both proteins, and like Ce-HER-1A, both have putative N-terminal signal sequences. Ce-her-1 produces a larger masculinizing transcript (her-1a) and a smaller transcript of unknown function (her-1b); both are present essentially only in males. By contrast, Cb-her-1 appears to produce only one transcript, corresponding to her-1a; it is enriched in males but present also in hermaphrodites. Injection of dsRNA transcribed from Cb-her-1 into C. briggsae hermaphrodites (RNA interference) caused XO animals to develop into partially fertile hermaphrodites. Introducing a Cb-her-1 construct as a transgene under control of the C. elegans unc-54 myosin heavy chain promoter caused strong masculinization of both C. briggsae and C. elegans hermaphrodites. Introduction of a similar Bm-her-1 construct into C. elegans caused only very weak, if any, masculinization. We conclude that in spite of considerable divergence the Cb gene is likely to be a functional ortholog of Ce-her-1, while the function of the distantly related Bm gene remains uncertain. (+info)

Functional genomics. (8/594)

Complete genome sequences are providing a framework to allow the investigation of biological processes by the use of comprehensive approaches. Genome analysis also is having a dramatic impact on medicine through its identification of genes and mutations involved in disease and the elucidation of entire microbial gene sets. Studies of the sequences of model organisms, such as that of the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, are providing extraordinary insights into development and differentiation that aid the study of these processes in humans. The field of functional genomics seeks to devise and apply technologies that take advantage of the growing body of sequence information to analyze the full complement of genes and proteins encoded by an organism. (+info)

The term "Disorders of Sex Development" was introduced in the early 2000s as a more inclusive and neutral way to describe these conditions, replacing outdated and stigmatizing terms such as "intersex." DSD includes a wide range of conditions, some of which may be genetic in origin, while others may result from hormonal or environmental factors.

The diagnosis and management of DSD can be complex and require a multidisciplinary team of healthcare providers, including endocrinologists, geneticists, urologists, and psychologists. Treatment options may include hormone therapy, surgery, and counseling, and the goals of treatment are to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and support the individual's self-identification and gender expression.

It is important to note that DSD is a medical term and does not have any implications for an individual's gender identity or expression. All individuals with DSD have the right to live as their authentic selves, regardless of their gender identity or expression.

13 Caenorhabditis sp. 8 basal Caenorhabditis monodelphis - Prior to 2017 referred to as Caenorhabditis sp. 1 Caenorhabditis ... Caenorhabditis castelli - Prior to 2014 referred to as C. sp. 12 Caenorhabditis drosophilae Caenorhabditis guadeloupensis - ... Caenorhabditis nigoni - Prior to 2014 referred to as C. sp. 9 Caenorhabditis doughertyi - Prior to 2014 referred to as C. sp. ... 16 Caenorhabditis latens - Prior to 2014 referred to as C. sp. 23 Caenorhabditis sinica - Prior to 2014 referred as C. sp. 5 ' ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis

... is a species of nematodes in the genus Caenorhabditis. This gonochoristic (male-female) species was ... MA Félix, C Braendle and AD Cutter, PLoS One, 2014 Caenorhabditis afra at uniprot.org v t e (Articles with short description, ... A streamlined system for species diagnosis in Caenorhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with name designations for 15 distinct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_afra

... is a species of nematodes in the genus Caenorhabditis. Prior to 2014, it was referred to as C. sp. 19 ... "A Streamlined System for Species Diagnosis in Caenorhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with Name Designations for 15 Distinct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_yunquensis

... - prior to 2014 referred to as C. sp. 16, is a species of Caenorhabditis nematodes. The type isolate ... A streamlined system for species diagnosis in Caenorhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with name designations for 15 distinct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_wallacei

... elegans Caenorhabditis inopinata sequencing project at NCBI Caenorhabditis inopinata sequencing project at trace.ddbj.nig.ac.jp ... Caenorhabditis inopinata - prior to 2017 referred to as C. sp. 34. - is a sister species to C. elegans (it is classified in the ... LIST_OF_AVAILABLE_CAENORHABDITIS_SPECIES_and_the_state_of_their_genome_projects at evolution.wormbase.org Kikuchi T., Tsai I., ... morphology and natural history of Caenorhabditis inopinata, the sister species of C. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_inopinata

... is a species of nematodes in the genus Caenorhabditis. Prior to 2014, it was referred to as C. sp. ... "A Streamlined System for Species Diagnosis in Caenorhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with Name Designations for 15 Distinct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_nouraguensis

... is a small nematode, closely related to Caenorhabditis elegans. The differences between the two species ... Both C. briggsae and C. elegans (then known as Rhabditis elegans) were placed into a new subgenus Caenorhabditis in 1952. The ... 2007). "Caenorhabditis briggsae". Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on 2010-06-01. Retrieved 2010- ... Gupta, B. P.; Sternberg, P. W. (2003). "The draft genome sequence of the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae, a companion to C. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_briggsae

... is a male-female species in the Elegans group of the genus Caenorhabditis, first identified and described ... Caenorhabditis nigoni at the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center, University of Minnesota (Articles with short description, Short ... 9" before being renamed as "C. nigoni". The specific epithet is a tribute to Victor Nigon who first studied Caenorhabditis ... "A phylogeny and molecular barcodes for Caenorhabditis, with numerous new species from rotting fruits". BMC Evolutionary Biology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_nigoni

... is a species of nematode found in North America and Europe, and likely lives throughout the temperate ... Unlike many other Caenorhabditis species, which are hermaphrodites, C. remanei has both males and females. The male of this ... 2008). Caenorhabditis evolution: if they all look alike, you aren't looking hard enough. Trends in Genetics 23:3. Timmermeyer, ... This species can hybridize with Caenorhabditis brenneri, but only when C. remanei males mate with C. brenneri females, and then ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_remanei

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_macrosperma

... is a species of nematodes in the genus Caenorhabditis. Prior to 2014, it was referred to as C. sp. 10 ... Caenorhabditis doughertyi at the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center, University of Minnesota v t e (Articles with short description ... The specific epithet is a tribute to Ellsworth Dougherty who was first studied the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans in the ... "A Streamlined System for Species Diagnosis in Caenorhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with Name Designations for 15 Distinct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_doughertyi

... , is a species of Caenorhabditis nematodes, belonging to the Elegans super-group and Elegans group within ... Like other Caenorhabditis species, C. sinica is a ~1mm long roundworm with a transparent cuticle and that eats bacteria. Wild ... Caenorhabditis sp. 5 at nematodes.org v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, ... Like all known Caenorhabditis species, its genome is partitioned into six chromosomes (five autosomes and one "X" sex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_sinica

... is a species of Caenorhabditis nematodes, a member of the same genus as the model organism ... similar to other Caenorhabditis species within the Angaria and Drosophila groups[2]. Like most species of Caenorhabditis, C. ... n and C. remanei (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with the stem species pattern of the Caenorhabditis Elegans group. Zootaxa. 1456: 45- ... on average compared to hermaphroditic Caenorhabditis species like C. elegans (19.55µm2), C. briggsae (18.65µm2) and C. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_castelli

... is a small nematode, closely related to the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Its genome is being ... "Caenorhabditis n. sp. PB2801". Washington University School of Medicine Genome Sequencing Center. Archived from the original on ... This species has previously been referred to as C. sp 4 and Caenorhabditis sp. CB5161, but was recently formally described and ... This species can hybridize with Caenorhabditis remanei, but only when C. remanei males mate with C. brenneri females, and then ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_brenneri

... is a species of nematodes, in the same genus as the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. This ... "A Streamlined System for Species Diagnosis in Caenorhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with Name Designations for 15 Distinct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_guadeloupensis

... is a species of nematodes in the genus Caenorhabditis. Its genome was sequenced by the Genome Center at ... Description of Caenorhabditis japonica n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditida) associated with the burrower bug Parastrachia japonensis ( ... 10.1016/j.exger.2012.03.001 Caenorhabditis japonica at uniprot.org v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... 10.1242/jeb.073593 Low survivorship of dauer larva in the nematode Caenorhabditis japonica, a potential comparative system for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_japonica

... is a species of nematodes. Prior to 2014, it was referred to as Caenorhabditis sp. 23. The reference ... 11:339, doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-339 Strain VX85 at Caenorhabditis Genetics Center, University of Minnesota Strain VX88 at ... "A phylogeny and molecular barcodes for Caenorhabditis, with numerous new species from rotting fruits". BMC Evolutionary Biology ... "A Streamlined System for Species Diagnosis in Caenorhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with Name Designations for 15 Distinct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_latens

... is a species of nematodes in the genus Caenorhabditis. It was first collected by J. Raschka in ... PLOS, April 11, 2014, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094723 "Caenorhabditis monodelphis" at the Encyclopedia of Life Caenorhabditis ... Caenorhabditis monodelphis sp. n.: defining CrossMark the stem morphology and genomics of the genus Caenorhabditis, BMC Zoology ... 1) groups with Caenorhabditis plicata outside either the 'Drosophilae' or the 'Elegans' supergroups in phylogenetic studies. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_monodelphis

... is a species of nematodes in the genus Caenorhabditis. It was described on carrion in Germany and is ... "Caenorhabditis plicata" at the Encyclopedia of Life Caenorhabditis plicata at fauna-eu.org v t e (Articles with short ... 1 (Caenorhabditis monodelphis) outside either the 'Drosophilae' or the 'Elegans' supergroups in phylogenetic studies. Völk J. ... 1950);79, pages 1-70 A Streamlined System for Species Diagnosis in Caenorhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with Name ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_plicata

... is a species of Caenorhabditis nematodes, belonging to the Elegans super-group and Elegans group ... Like all known Caenorhabditis species, the genome of C. tropicalis is partitioned into six chromosomes (five autosomes and one ... Like other Caenorhabditis species found in the tropical rainforest of French Guiana, C. tropicalis is commonly found among ... "Caenorhabditis tropicalis". v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_tropicalis

... is a species of nematodes in the genus Caenorhabditis. Prior to 2014, it was referred to as C. sp. 15. ... "A Streamlined System for Species Diagnosis in Caenorhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with Name Designations for 15 Distinct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_kamaaina

... is a small nematode, in the same genus as the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. The name is from ... Sudhaus, Walter; Kiontke, Karin; Giblin-Davis, Robin M. (2011). "Description of Caenorhabditis angaria n. sp. (Nematoda: ... "Scaffolding a Caenorhabditis nematode genome with RNA-seq" (PDF). Genome Research. 20 (12): 1740-1747. doi:10.1101/gr. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_angaria

... is a species of nematode in the genus Caenorhabditis. First wild isolate sample (strain EG4788) was ... Caenorhabditis portoensis at the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center, University of Minnesota v t e (Articles with short description ... "A Streamlined System for Species Diagnosis in Caenorhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with Name Designations for 15 Distinct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_portoensis

... is a species of nematodes. It was recovered, along with Rhabditis sonorae, from saguaro cactus rot ... Description of Rhabditis (Caenorhabditis) drosophilae n. sp. and R.(C.) sonorae n. sp.(Nematoda: Rhabditida) from saguaro ... NemalOl., 1997, 20 (4), pages 305-315 "Caenorhabditis drosophilae" at the Encyclopedia of Life v t e (Articles with short ... C. drosophilae forms a Drosophilae supergroup with other Caenorhabditis species (C. virilis, C. castelli, C. angaria). This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_drosophilae

... is a species of nematodes in the genus Caenorhabditis. The type isolate JU1528 was collected in an ... Caenorhabditis virilis at the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center, University of Minnesota v t e (Articles with short description, ... "A phylogeny and molecular barcodes for Caenorhabditis, with numerous new species from rotting fruits". BMC Evolutionary Biology ... "A Streamlined System for Species Diagnosis in Caenorhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with Name Designations for 15 Distinct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_virilis

The Orsay virus is a virus that affects C. elegans, as well as the Caenorhabditis elegans Cer1 virus and the Caenorhabditis ... Osche placed it in the subgenus Caenorhabditis in 1952, and in 1955, Dougherty raised Caenorhabditis to the status of genus. C ... "Caenorhabditis". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Wood, WB (1988). The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Cold Spring Harbor ... Scholia has a taxon profile for Caenorhabditis elegans. Scholia has a topic profile for Caenorhabditis elegans. Brenner S (2002 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans

... is a species of nematodes in the genus Caenorhabditis. Prior to 2014, it was referred to as C. sp. 14 ... "A Streamlined System for Species Diagnosis in Caenorhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with Name Designations for 15 Distinct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_imperialis

... is a yet unnamed species of nematodes in the genus Caenorhabditis. Two isolates were discovered in 2013 ... List of Caenorhabditis species (including Caenorhabditis sp. 35) at wormbase.org v t e (Articles with short description, Short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_sp._35

... is an unnamed species of nematodes, in the same genus as the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. It was ... Caenorhabditis sp. 8 at Caenorhabditis Genetics Center, University of Minnesota v t e (Articles with short description, Short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_sp._8

... is a species of retroviruses in the genus Metavirus. Bowen, N. J. (1999-10-01). "Genomic ... Analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans Reveals Ancient Families of Retroviral-like Elements". Genome Research. Cold Spring Harbor ... Caenorhabditis elegans, All stub articles, Virus stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans_Cer1_virus

... and it has now been found to be part of a pathway influencing ageing in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Specifically, ... protects from oxidative stress and extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Lifespan extension is independent of the ... Lakowski, B. & Hekimi, S. The genetics of caloric restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 13091- ... Lakowski, B. & Hekimi, S. Determination of life-span in Caenorhabditis elegans by four clock genes. Science 272, 1010-1013 ( ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05603?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a099bcc7-0df4-4b00-949b-36cea2fecbd8

Caenorhabditis elegans. Taxonomy ID: 6239 (for references in articles please use NCBI:txid6239). current name. Caenorhabditis ... Caenorhabditis elegans. taxonomy/phylogenetic. TreeBase. WebScipio: Caenorhabditis elegans. organism-specific. WebScipio - ... Caenorhabditis elegans. taxonomy/phylogenetic. Animal Diversity Web. DNA barcoding : Caenorhabditis elegans. taxonomy/ ... 639507900: Caenorhabditis elegans Bristol N2. organism-specific. Integrated Microbial Genomes. Caenorhabditis elegans. taxonomy ...

https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&name=Caenorhabditis+elegans&lvl=0&srchmode=1&keep=1&unlock

The NIA supports a multi-institutional Caenorhabditis Interventions Testing Program (CITP) for testing molecules, compounds, or ... Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP) Please direct all inquiries to:. Tiziana Cogliati, Ph.D.. 301-402-2178. ... Home Research & Funding Division of Aging Biology Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP) ... The NIA supports a multi-institutional Caenorhabditis Interventions Testing Program (CITP) for testing, under standardized ...

https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/dab/nia-caenorhabditis-intervention-testing-program-citp-announces-call-compounds-test

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=en&type=mesh&authority=Caenorhabditis+elegans

Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP) U01 RFA-AG-13-010. NIA ... species of the simple invertebrate Caenorhabditis and/or multiple strains of Caenorhabditis elegans. Human populations are ... Compounds will be tested for longevity effects in at least 8-10 species of Caenorhabditis and/or independent strains of C. ... For this FOA, expertise in both Caenorhabditis and aging biology are required. An application that shows expertise in only one ...

https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-AG-13-010.html

Caenorhabditis sp. *Caenorhabditis sp. 1 TAC-2019 *Caenorhabditis sp. 1 TWN1898 *Caenorhabditis sp. 10 JR-2014 *Caenorhabditis ... Caenorhabditis sp. DF5070 *Caenorhabditis sp. JLR-2009 *Caenorhabditis sp. JU727 *Caenorhabditis sp. QG555 *Caenorhabditis sp. ... Caenorhabditis afra *Caenorhabditis angaria *Caenorhabditis astrocarya *Caenorhabditis auriculariae *Caenorhabditis becei * ... Caenorhabditis castelli *Caenorhabditis dolens *Caenorhabditis doughertyi *Caenorhabditis drosophilae *Caenorhabditis elegans * ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=6237&lvl=3&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock

... Genome Biol. 2014 Feb 3;15(2): ... lamin/LMN-1 and emerin/EMR-1 in adult Caenorhabditis elegans. Although both proteins bind to transcriptionally inactive regions ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24490688/

The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. (Cold Spring Harbor Monograph Series 17). Book Series: Cold Spring Harbor Monograph Series ... Subject Area(s): Developmental Biology; Molecular Biology; Neurobiology; Caenorhabditis elegans. Edited by William B. Wood, ... In 1965 Sydney Brenner chose the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a promising model system for a concerted ...

https://cshlpress.com/default.tpl?action=full&cart=%5Bcart%5D&--eqskudatarq=39&typ=ps&newtitle=The%20Nematode%20Caenorhabditis%20elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans, has a haploid DNA content of 8 x 10(7) base pairs (20 times the genome of E. coli). Eighty-three ... The DNA of Caenorhabditis elegans J E Sulston et al. Genetics. 1974 May. ... Genes coding for 5S ribosomal RNA of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Nelson DW, Honda BM. Nelson DW, et al. Gene. 1985;38( ... Chemical analysis and a study of renaturation kinetics show that the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, has a haploid DNA ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4858229

The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. (Cold Spring Harbor Monograph Series 17). Edited By William B. Wood, University of ...

https://www.cshlpress.com/default.tpl?cart=1679658934328965759&id1=93&startat=1&--woSECTIONSdatarq=93&--SECTIONSword=ww&sortby_1=recency

Caenorhabditis elegans). Find diseases associated with this biological target and compounds tested against it in bioassay ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/sdn-1/Caenorhabditis_elegans

Josiah Johnston, Cathy Wolkow (2011) CIL:2563, Caenorhabditis elegans. CIL. Dataset. https://doi.org/doi:10.7295/W9CIL2563 ...

http://www.cellimagelibrary.org/images/2563

Caenorhabditis elegans Is the Subject Area "Caenorhabditis elegans" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1000486

PhD defence of Lisa van Sluijs - Natural variation in viral susceptibility of Caenorhabditis elegans. PhD candidate. dr. L ( ... The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is thoroughly studied as a genetic model in the lab since the seventies, yet until ten ... PhD defence of Lisa van Sluijs - Natural variation in viral susceptibility of Caenorhabditis elegans ...

https://www.wur.nl/en/activity/phd-defence-lisa-van-sluis-natural-variation-in-viral-susceptibility-of-caenorhabditis-elegans.htm

Nikita Orlov, Wendy Iser, Cathy Wolkow (2011) CIL:1074, Caenorhabditis elegans, muscle cell. CIL. Dataset. https://doi.org/doi: ...

http://cellimagelibrary.org/images/1074

Caenorhabditis elegans. Definition Caenorhabditis elegans G_PROTEIN_RECEP_F1_2 domain-containing protein (C25F9.13), partial ... C25F9.13 ( NM_001129389.1 ) cDNA ORF clone, Caenorhabditis elegans -, NP_001122861.1 Caenorhabditis elegans G_PROTEIN_RECEP_F1_ ... Caenorhabditis elegans G_PROTEIN_RECEP_F1_2 domain-containing protein (C25F9.13), partial mRNA.. pcDNA3.1-C-(k)DYK or ...

https://www.genscript.com/gene/caenorhabditis-elegans/6418701/c25f913.html

Caenorhabditis elegans Communities Annotations. Pathway Ontology. classic metabolic pathway Participants Label. Type. Compact ...

https://www.wikipathways.org/pathways/WP1451.html

keywords = "Animals, Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/biosynthesis, Eukaryotic Initiation ... Inhibition of mRNA translation extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Kally Z Pan, Julia E Palter, Aric N Rogers, Anders ... Inhibition of mRNA translation extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. In: Aging Cell. 2007 ; Vol. 6, No. 1. pp. 111-9. ... Inhibition of mRNA translation extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. / Pan, Kally Z; Palter, Julia E; Rogers, Aric N et ...

https://vbn.aau.dk/en/publications/inhibition-of-mrna-translation-extends-lifespan-in-caenorhabditis

The Caenorhabditis elegans ASPP homolog APE-1 is a junctional protein phosphatase 1 modulator. Beacham GM, Wei DT, Beyrent E, ...

https://www.stowers.org/gradschool/research/publications/libpb-1678

Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System to Study Protein Homeostasis in a Multicellular Organism… ... Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System to Study Protein Homeostasis in a Multicellular Organism… ... Compost Microcosms as Microbially Diverse, Natural-like Environments for Microbiome Research in Caenorhabditis elegans. ... Compost Microcosms as Microbially Diverse, Natural-like Environments for Microbiome Research in Caenorhabditis elegans ...

https://www.jove.com/v/64393/compost-microcosms-as-microbially-diverse-natural-like-environments

Differential impact of the HEN1 homolog HENN-1 on 21U and 26G RNAs in the germline of Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet. 8, ... A gel phase promotes condensation of liquid P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 26. doi: ... Direct interaction of PIWI and DEPS-1 is essential for piRNA function and condensate ultrastructure in Caenorhabditis elegans. ... PIWI associated siRNAs and piRNAs specifically require the Caenorhabditis elegans HEN1 ortholog henn-1. PLoS Genet. 8. doi: ...

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/580043v1.full

... ... Identification of Factors That Establish Asymmetry and Cell-death Fate in the NSM lineage in Caenorhabditis elegans ... Identification of Factors That Establish Asymmetry and Cell-death Fate in the NSM lineage in Caenorhabditis elegans. ...

https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5384/

Caenorhabditis elegans and parasitic helminths are unable to synthesize heme de novo, but instead acquire heme from exogenous ... Identify bypass suppressors of mrp-5 deficiency in Caenorhabditis elegans. Thursday, September 13, 2018. - Poster Session IV ...

https://researchfestival.nih.gov/2018/posters/identify-bypass-suppressors-mrp-5-deficiency-caenorhabditis-elegans

... DSpace/Manakin Repository. ...

https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/359072

Caenorhabditis monodelphis sp. n.: defining the stem morphology and genomics of the genus Caenorhabditis. OPEN ACCESS ALTMETRIC ... Our paper "Caenorhabditis monodelphis sp. n.: defining the stem morphology and genomics of the genus Caenorhabditis" was ... Caenorhabditis monodelphis sp. n.: defining the stem morphology and genomics of the genus Caenorhabditis. BMC Zoology 2017; 2:4 ... This means we can use it to estimate what the genome, and thus the biology, of the ancestor of all Caenorhabditis might have ...

https://blogs.biomedcentral.com/bmcseriesblog/2017/03/28/beyond-dna-barcoding-species-description-nematode-caenorhabditis-monodelphis-includes-whole-genome-sequence/

Programmed cell deaths in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are generally considered suicides. Dying cells are engulfed by ... The Caenorhabditis elegans genes ced-3 and ced-4 act cell autonomously to cause programmed cell death. Dev Biol. 1990;138:33-41 ... Both the apoptotic suicide pathway and phagocytosis are required for a programmed cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans *Holly L ... Del Peso L, González VM, Núnez G. Caenorhabditis elegans EGL-1 disrupts the interaction of CED-9 with CED-4 and promotes CED-3 ...

https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-016-0262-5

PLP-1 is essential for germ cell development and germline gene silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans Rajaram Vishnupriya, Rajaram ... Some of the C. elegans strains used in this study were provided by the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center, which is funded by ... Here, we report the identification of PLP-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans protein related to the human single-stranded nucleic acid ... For example, in Caenorhabditis elegans, the mutator proteins are essential for transposon silencing and contribute to the RNAi ...

https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/147/22/dev195578/226208/PLP-1-is-essential-for-germ-cell-development-and

In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, longevity in response to germline ablation, but not in response to reduced insulin/IGF1 ... Regulation of fatty acid desaturase- and immunity gene-expression by mbk-1/DYRK1A in Caenorhabditis elegans. *Hildegard I. D. ... Some C. elegans strains used in the present study were provided by the Caenorhabditis Genetic Center, which is funded by NIH ... Caenorhabditis elegans mbk-1 (minibrain-related kinase 1) encodes an evolutionarily conserved dual-specificity tyrosine- ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-021-08176-y

Caenorhabditis elegans life span studies: The challenge of maintaining synchronous cohorts. Authors: Gruber, J.. Schaffer, S.. ... Gruber, J., Schaffer, S., Ng, L.F., Halliwell, B., Poovathingal, S.K., Gunawan, R. (2010). Caenorhabditis elegans life span ...

https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/28806

In 1965 Sydney Brenner chose the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a promising model system for a concerted genetic, ultrastructural, and behavioral attack on the development and function of a simple nervous system. (cshlpress.com)
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is thoroughly studied as a genetic model in the lab since the seventies, yet until ten years ago, little was known about the natural life of the nematode. (wur.nl)
Programmed cell deaths in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are generally considered suicides. (biomedcentral.com)
In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , longevity in response to germline ablation, but not in response to reduced insulin/IGF1-like signaling, is strongly dependent on the conserved protein kinase minibrain-related kinase 1 (MBK-1). (biomedcentral.com)
Normally axons of the ventral nerve cord in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are invariably sorted asymmetrically. (sfu.ca)
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans possesses a simple embryonic nervous system with few enough neurons that the growth of each cell could be followed to provide a systems-level view of development. (nih.gov)
The Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (CGC) acquires, maintains, and distributes genetic stocks and information about stocks of the small free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . (nih.gov)
The effects of these chemicals were determined using three biological endpoints in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (feeding, larval development and reproduction). (nih.gov)
Prior to OHAT, she managed the NTP WormTox Screening Facility, which developed bioassays using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an alternative model organism in high-throughput toxicological screening. (nih.gov)

Methods are described for the isolation, complementation and mapping of mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans, a small free-living nematode worm. (nih.gov)

Lakowski, B. & Hekimi, S. The genetics of caloric restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans . (nature.com)
Fine-structure genetics of ama-1, an essential gene encoding the amanitin-binding subunit of RNA polymerase II in Caenorhabditis elegans. (nih.gov)

Importantly, O antigen production enables laboratory strains of E. coli to enter the gut of the Caenorhabditis elegans worm and to kill C. elegans at rates similar to pathogenic bacterial species. (nottingham.ac.uk)
As this Caenorhabditis elegans worm undulates, 113 neurons throughout its brain and body (green/yellow spots) get brighter and darker as each neuron activates and deactivates. (nih.gov)

The National Institute on Aging (NIA) invites applications for cooperative agreements (U01s) from investigators or groups of investigators (e.g., multiple PD(s)/PI(s) capable of, and interested in, participating in a Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP). (nih.gov)

Here we show that loss of a specific eIF4E isoform (IFE-2) that functions in somatic tissues 4 reduces global protein synthesis, protects from oxidative stress and extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans . (nature.com)

The CITP is a peer-reviewed program designed to identify pharmacological interventions that may moderate or alleviate health decline associated with aging in a robust manner using a genetically diverse set of Caenorhabditis species and strains. (nih.gov)
The goal is to identify pharmacological interventions that increase lifespan and/or healthspan in a robust manner when tested using multiple species of the simple invertebrate Caenorhabditis and/or multiple strains of Caenorhabditis elegans. (nih.gov)
Compounds will be tested for longevity effects in at least 8-10 species of Caenorhabditis and/or independent strains of C. elegans, and at different doses. (nih.gov)

and rsks-1, the worm homologue of S6 kinase, results in lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans. (aau.dk)
Drosophila melanogaster , Caenorhabditis elegans , and rodents are well-validated preclinical models for studying lifespan and the role of probiotics and/or postbiotics, but each have their limitations, including cost and their translation to human aging biology . (bvsalud.org)

Caenorhabditis elegans polo-like kinase PLK-1 is required for merging parental genomes into a single nucleus. (nih.gov)

Compost microcosms bring the microbial diversity found in nature into the laboratory to facilitate microbiome research in Caenorhabditis elegans . (jove.com)
Geroprotective potential of microbiome modulators in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. (bvsalud.org)

The NIA supports a multi-institutional Caenorhabditis Interventions Testing Program (CITP) for testing, under standardized conditions, intervention strategies that may moderate or alleviate health decline associated with aging. (nih.gov)

She could tell them apart because they would not interbreed with any of the other Caenorhabditis species she kept in culture. (biomedcentral.com)
Through the efforts of Marie-Anne and the other collectors she inspired, there are now over 50 species of Caenorhabditis in culture. (biomedcentral.com)
This paper included minimal morphological descriptions - simply affirming that the species were Caenorhabditis and describing the male tail. (biomedcentral.com)

Lakowski, B. & Hekimi, S. Determination of life-span in Caenorhabditis elegans by four clock genes. (nature.com)
An RNAi screen for genes that affect nuclear morphology in Caenorhabditis elegans reveals the involvement of unexpected processes. (nih.gov)
Down-regulation of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle genes blocks progression through the first mitotic division in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. (nih.gov)

Maternal-effect lethal mutations on linkage group II of Caenorhabditis elegans. (nih.gov)

The National Toxicology Program (NTP)1 evaluated the toxicity of six chemicals that were spil ed into the West Virginia Elk River, four structural y related chemicals, and two chemical mixtures to the nematode roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ). (nih.gov)
Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) is a roundworm about 1mm in length that lives freely in soil and feeds on bacteria. (nih.gov)

A membrane reticulum, the centriculum, affects centrosome size and function in Caenorhabditis elegans. (nih.gov)

Is the Subject Area "Caenorhabditis elegans" applicable to this article? (plos.org)

Caenorhabditis elegans and parasitic helminths are unable to synthesize heme de novo, but instead acquire heme from exogenous sources for growth and development. (nih.gov)

CIL:1074, Caenorhabditis elegans, muscle cell. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Cell Biology of the Caenorhabditis elegans Nucleus. (nih.gov)

2009 . Application of a mathematical model to describe the effects of chlorpyrifos on Caenorhabditis elegans development. (nih.gov)

As this Caenorhabditis elegans worm undulates, 113 neurons throughout its brain and body (green/yellow spots) get brighter and darker as each neuron activates and deactivates. (nih.gov)

The worms, known as Caenorhabditis elegans, are commonly used in research because they are easy to genetically manipulate. (nih.gov)

The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans. (nih.gov)

2007 . Effects of genetic mutations and chemical exposures on Caenorhabditis elegans feeding: evaluation of a novel, high-throughput screening assay. (nih.gov)
A high-throughput method for assessing chemical toxicity using a Caenorhabditis elegans reproduction assay. (nih.gov)

Cell Biology of the Caenorhabditis elegans Nucleus. (nih.gov)

colonize the intestinal tracts of Caenorhabditis nematodes leading to worm death. (nih.gov)

The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits robust escape behavior in response to rapidly rising temperature. (nih.gov)

The National Toxicology Program (NTP)1 evaluated the toxicity of six chemicals that were spil ed into the West Virginia Elk River, four structural y related chemicals, and two chemical mixtures to the nematode roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ). (nih.gov)

Caenorhabditis elegans and parasitic helminths are unable to synthesize heme de novo, but instead acquire heme from exogenous sources for growth and development. (nih.gov)

Anatomy25

Organisms12

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs32

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes64

Information Science4

Health Care1

A neomorphic syntaxin mutation blocks volatile-anesthetic action in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1/594)

Evolution of sperm size in nematodes: sperm competition favours larger sperm. (2/594)

Crystal structure of human p32, a doughnut-shaped acidic mitochondrial matrix protein. (3/594)

ELT-3: A Caenorhabditis elegans GATA factor expressed in the embryonic epidermis during morphogenesis. (4/594)

Functional genomics in Caenorhabditis elegans: An approach involving comparisons of sequences from related nematodes. (5/594)

lir-2, lir-1 and lin-26 encode a new class of zinc-finger proteins and are organized in two overlapping operons both in Caenorhabditis elegans and in Caenorhabditis briggsae. (6/594)

Homologs of the Caenorhabditis elegans masculinizing gene her-1 in C. briggsae and the filarial parasite Brugia malayi. (7/594)

Functional genomics. (8/594)

Caenorhabditis elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins

Caenorhabditis

Genes, Helminth

Helminth Proteins

Vulva

DNA, Helminth

Animals, Genetically Modified

RNA, Helminth

Genome, Helminth

Disorders of Sex Development

Mutation

Molecular Sequence Data

Longevity

Amino Acid Sequence

RNA Interference

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Nematoda

Phenotype

Germ Cells

Aldicarb

Embryo, Nonmammalian

Larva

Base Sequence

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Gonads

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Cloning, Molecular

Sequence Alignment

Pharynx

Transcription Factors

Oviposition

Signal Transduction

Conserved Sequence

Genes, Lethal

Alleles

Locomotion

Chromosome Mapping

Antinematodal Agents

GATA Transcription Factors

Hermaphroditic Organisms

Membrane Proteins

Meiosis

Models, Biological

Luminescent Proteins

Phylogeny

Sex Determination Processes

Evolution, Molecular

DNA, Complementary

Gene Expression Regulation

Molting

Levamisole

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Genome

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Models, Genetic

Pharyngeal Muscles

Morphogenesis

Suppression, Genetic

Species Specificity

Neurons

Sex Determination Analysis

Nervous System

Transgenes

Subcutaneous Tissue

Muscles

Cell Lineage

Intestines

Trans-Splicing

RNA, Double-Stranded

Reproduction

Microscopy, Fluorescence

DNA Primers

Multigene Family

Body Patterning

Temperature

Muscle, Striated

Genetic Complementation Test

Drosophila melanogaster

RNA, Messenger