Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins
Caenorhabditis
Vulva
Animals, Genetically Modified
RNA, Helminth
Disorders of Sex Development
Mutation
Molecular Sequence Data
Amino Acid Sequence
RNA Interference
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Nematoda
Phenotype
Embryo, Nonmammalian
Larva
Base Sequence
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Green Fluorescent Proteins
Cloning, Molecular
Sequence Alignment
Pharynx
Transcription Factors
Oviposition
Signal Transduction
Conserved Sequence
Genes, Lethal
Alleles
Locomotion
Chromosome Mapping
Antinematodal Agents
GATA Transcription Factors
Hermaphroditic Organisms
Membrane Proteins
Meiosis
Models, Biological
Luminescent Proteins
Evolution, Molecular
DNA, Complementary
Gene Expression Regulation
Molting
Levamisole
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Genome
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Models, Genetic
Pharyngeal Muscles
Morphogenesis
Suppression, Genetic
Species Specificity
Neurons
Sex Determination Analysis
Nervous System
Subcutaneous Tissue
Cell Lineage
Intestines
Trans-Splicing
RNA, Double-Stranded
Microscopy, Fluorescence
DNA Primers
Multigene Family
Body Patterning
Temperature
Muscle, Striated
Genetic Complementation Test
Drosophila melanogaster
RNA, Messenger
Protein Binding
Genes, Reporter
Gene Deletion
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Carrier Proteins
Chromosomes
Haemonchus
DNA-Binding Proteins
Ethyl Methanesulfonate
Mutagenesis
X Chromosome
Cell Polarity
Receptors, Notch
Fertility
Rhabditida
Sensory Receptor Cells
RNA-Binding Proteins
Introns
Protein Transport
Biological Evolution
Blastomeres
Two-Hybrid System Techniques
Oocytes
Aging
Drosophila Proteins
Genes, Suppressor
Oogenesis
Nuclear Proteins
Transcription, Genetic
Ascaris suum
Galectins
Epistasis, Genetic
Neuropeptides
Protein Isoforms
Crosses, Genetic
Cilia
Homeodomain Proteins
Gene Expression
Spermatogenesis
Receptor, Insulin
Drosophila
Cell Nucleus
Cell Cycle Proteins
Mosaicism
Rhabditoidea
RNA Splicing
Chemoreceptor Cells
Touch
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Mitosis
Spindle Apparatus
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Ivermectin
A neomorphic syntaxin mutation blocks volatile-anesthetic action in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1/594)
The molecular mechanisms underlying general anesthesia are unknown. For volatile general anesthetics (VAs), indirect evidence for both lipid and protein targets has been found. However, no in vivo data have implicated clearly any particular lipid or protein in the control of sensitivity to clinical concentrations of VAs. Genetics provides one approach toward identifying these mechanisms, but genes strongly regulating sensitivity to clinical concentrations of VAs have not been identified. By screening existing mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we found that a mutation in the neuronal syntaxin gene dominantly conferred resistance to the VAs isoflurane and halothane. By contrast, other mutations in syntaxin and in the syntaxin-binding proteins synaptobrevin and SNAP-25 produced VA hypersensitivity. The syntaxin allelic variation was striking, particularly for isoflurane, where a 33-fold range of sensitivities was seen. Both the resistant and hypersensitive mutations decrease synaptic transmission; thus, the indirect effect of reducing neurotransmission does not explain the VA resistance. As assessed by pharmacological criteria, halothane and isoflurane themselves reduced cholinergic transmission, and the presynaptic anesthetic effect was blocked by the resistant syntaxin mutation. A single gene mutation conferring high-level resistance to VAs is inconsistent with nonspecific membrane-perturbation theories of anesthesia. The genetic and pharmacological data suggest that the resistant syntaxin mutant directly blocks VA binding to or efficacy against presynaptic targets that mediate anesthetic behavioral effects. Syntaxin and syntaxin-binding proteins are candidate anesthetic targets. (+info)Evolution of sperm size in nematodes: sperm competition favours larger sperm. (2/594)
In the free-living rhabditid nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, sperm size is a determinant of sperm competitiveness. Larger sperm crawl faster and physically displace smaller sperm to take fertilization priority, but not without a cost: larger sperm are produced at a slower rate. Here, we investigate the evolution of sperm size in the family Rhabditidae by comparing sperm among 19 species, seven of which are hermaphroditic (self-fertile hermaphrodites and males), the rest being gonochoristic (females and males). We found that sperm size differed significantly with reproductive mode: males of gonochoristic species had significantly larger sperm than did males of the hermaphroditic species. Because males compose 50% of the populations of gonochoristic species but are rare in hermaphroditic species, the risk of male-male sperm competition is greater in gonochoristic species. Larger sperm have thus evolved in species with a greater risk of sperm competition. Our results support recent studies contending that sperm size may increase in response to sperm competition. (+info)Crystal structure of human p32, a doughnut-shaped acidic mitochondrial matrix protein. (3/594)
Human p32 (also known as SF2-associated p32, p32/TAP, and gC1qR) is a conserved eukaryotic protein that localizes predominantly in the mitochondrial matrix. It is thought to be involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and in nucleus-mitochondrion interactions. We report the crystal structure of p32 determined at 2.25 A resolution. The structure reveals that p32 adopts a novel fold with seven consecutive antiparallel beta-strands flanked by one N-terminal and two C-terminal alpha-helices. Three monomers form a doughnut-shaped quaternary structure with an unusually asymmetric charge distribution on the surface. The implications of the structure on previously proposed functions of p32 are discussed and new specific functional properties are suggested. (+info)ELT-3: A Caenorhabditis elegans GATA factor expressed in the embryonic epidermis during morphogenesis. (4/594)
We have identified a gene encoding a new member of the Caenorhabditis elegans GATA transcription factor family, elt-3. The predicted ELT-3 polypeptide contains a single GATA-type zinc finger (C-X2-C-X17-C-X2-C) along with a conserved adjacent basic region. elt-3 mRNA is present in all stages of C. elegans development but is most abundant in embryos. Reporter gene analysis and antibody staining show that elt-3 is first expressed in the dorsal and ventral hypodermal cells, and in hypodermal cells of the head and tail, immediately after the final embryonic cell division that gives rise to these cells. No expression is seen in the lateral hypodermal (seam) cells. elt-3 expression is maintained at a constant level in the epidermis until the 2(1/2)-fold stage of development, after which reporter gene expression declines to a low level and endogenous protein can no longer be detected by specific antibody. A second phase of elt-3 expression in cells immediately anterior and posterior to the gut begins in pretzel-stage embryos. elt-1 and lin-26 are two genes known to be important in specification and maintenance of hypodermal cell fates. We have found that elt-1 is required for the formation of most, but not all, elt-3-expressing cells. In contrast, lin-26 function does not appear necessary for elt-3 expression. Finally, we have characterised the candidate homologue of elt-3 in the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae. Many features of the elt-3 genomic and transcript structure are conserved between the two species, suggesting that elt-3 is likely to perform an evolutionarily significant function during development. (+info)Functional genomics in Caenorhabditis elegans: An approach involving comparisons of sequences from related nematodes. (5/594)
Comparative genomic analysis was used to investigate the gene structure of the bli-4 locus from two related Caenorhabditis species, C. elegans and C. briggsae. In C. elegans, bli-4 is a complex gene encoding a member of the kex2/subtilisin-like family of proprotein convertases. Genomic sequence comparisons coupled with RT-PCR analysis identified five additional coding exons that had not been identified previously using standard recombinant DNA techniques. The C. briggsae gene was able to rescue both viable blistered and developmentally arrested mutants of C. elegans bli-4, demonstrating functional conservation. In addition, deletion analysis of conserved sequences outside of coding regions, combined with phenotypic rescue experiments, identified regulatory elements that alter the expression of the bli-4 gene. These results demonstrate the utility of genomic sequence comparisons of homologous genes in related species as an effective tool with which to dissect the functional information of complex genes. (+info)lir-2, lir-1 and lin-26 encode a new class of zinc-finger proteins and are organized in two overlapping operons both in Caenorhabditis elegans and in Caenorhabditis briggsae. (6/594)
lin-26, which encodes a unique Zn-finger protein, is required for differentiation of nonneuronal ectodermal cells in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we show that the two genes located immediately upstream of lin-26 encode LIN-26-like Zn-finger proteins; hence their names are lir-1 and lir-2 (lin-26 related). lir-2, lir-1, and lin-26 generate several isoforms by alternative splicing and/or trans-splicing at different positions. On the basis of their trans-splicing pattern, their intergenic distances, and their expression, we suggest that lir-2, lir-1, and lin-26 form two overlapping transcriptional operons. The first operon, which is expressed in virtually all cells, includes lir-2 and long lir-1 isoforms. The second operon, which is expressed in the nonneuronal ectoderm, includes short lir-1 isoforms, starting at exon 2 and lin-26. This unusual genomic organization has been conserved in C. briggsae, as shown by cloning the C. briggsae lir-2, lir-1, and lin-26 homologs. Particularly striking is the sequence conservation throughout the first lir-1 intron, which is very long in both species. Structural conservation is functionally meaningful as C. briggsae lin-26 is also expressed in the nonneuronal ectoderm and can complement a C. elegans lin-26 null mutation. (+info)Homologs of the Caenorhabditis elegans masculinizing gene her-1 in C. briggsae and the filarial parasite Brugia malayi. (7/594)
The masculinizing gene her-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce-her-1) encodes a novel protein, HER-1A, which is required for male development. To identify conserved elements in her-1 we have cloned and characterized two homologous nematode genes: one by synteny from the closely related free-living species C. briggsae (Cb-her-1) and the other, starting with a fortuitously identified expressed sequence tag, from the distantly related parasite Brugia malayi (Bm-her-1). The overall sequence identities of the predicted gene products with Ce-HER-1A are only 57% for Cb-HER-1, which is considerably lower than has been found for most homologous briggsae genes, and 35% for Bm-HER-1. However, conserved residues are found throughout both proteins, and like Ce-HER-1A, both have putative N-terminal signal sequences. Ce-her-1 produces a larger masculinizing transcript (her-1a) and a smaller transcript of unknown function (her-1b); both are present essentially only in males. By contrast, Cb-her-1 appears to produce only one transcript, corresponding to her-1a; it is enriched in males but present also in hermaphrodites. Injection of dsRNA transcribed from Cb-her-1 into C. briggsae hermaphrodites (RNA interference) caused XO animals to develop into partially fertile hermaphrodites. Introducing a Cb-her-1 construct as a transgene under control of the C. elegans unc-54 myosin heavy chain promoter caused strong masculinization of both C. briggsae and C. elegans hermaphrodites. Introduction of a similar Bm-her-1 construct into C. elegans caused only very weak, if any, masculinization. We conclude that in spite of considerable divergence the Cb gene is likely to be a functional ortholog of Ce-her-1, while the function of the distantly related Bm gene remains uncertain. (+info)Functional genomics. (8/594)
Complete genome sequences are providing a framework to allow the investigation of biological processes by the use of comprehensive approaches. Genome analysis also is having a dramatic impact on medicine through its identification of genes and mutations involved in disease and the elucidation of entire microbial gene sets. Studies of the sequences of model organisms, such as that of the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, are providing extraordinary insights into development and differentiation that aid the study of these processes in humans. The field of functional genomics seeks to devise and apply technologies that take advantage of the growing body of sequence information to analyze the full complement of genes and proteins encoded by an organism. (+info)The term "Disorders of Sex Development" was introduced in the early 2000s as a more inclusive and neutral way to describe these conditions, replacing outdated and stigmatizing terms such as "intersex." DSD includes a wide range of conditions, some of which may be genetic in origin, while others may result from hormonal or environmental factors.
The diagnosis and management of DSD can be complex and require a multidisciplinary team of healthcare providers, including endocrinologists, geneticists, urologists, and psychologists. Treatment options may include hormone therapy, surgery, and counseling, and the goals of treatment are to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and support the individual's self-identification and gender expression.
It is important to note that DSD is a medical term and does not have any implications for an individual's gender identity or expression. All individuals with DSD have the right to live as their authentic selves, regardless of their gender identity or expression.
Caenorhabditis
Caenorhabditis afra
Caenorhabditis yunquensis
Caenorhabditis wallacei
Caenorhabditis inopinata
Caenorhabditis nouraguensis
Caenorhabditis briggsae
Caenorhabditis nigoni
Caenorhabditis remanei
Caenorhabditis macrosperma
Caenorhabditis doughertyi
Caenorhabditis sinica
Caenorhabditis castelli
Caenorhabditis brenneri
Caenorhabditis guadeloupensis
Caenorhabditis japonica
Caenorhabditis latens
Caenorhabditis monodelphis
Caenorhabditis plicata
Caenorhabditis tropicalis
Caenorhabditis kamaaina
Caenorhabditis angaria
Caenorhabditis portoensis
Caenorhabditis drosophilae
Caenorhabditis virilis
Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis imperialis
Caenorhabditis sp. 35
Caenorhabditis sp. 8
Caenorhabditis elegans Cer1 virus
eIF4E function in somatic cells modulates ageing in Caenorhabditis elegans | Nature
Taxonomy browser (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP) | National Institute on Aging
Browsing by Subject "Caenorhabditis elegans"
RFA-AG-13-010: Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP) U01
Taxonomy browser (Caenorhabditis)
Genome-wide analysis links emerin to neuromuscular junction activity in Caenorhabditis elegans
The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
The DNA of Caenorhabditis elegans - PubMed
Cold Spring Harbor Lab Press
Caenorhabditis elegans
sdn-1 (Caenorhabditis elegans) | Gene Target - PubChem
CIL:2563, Caenorhabditis elegans. CIL. Dataset
HIF-1 Modulates Dietary Restriction-Mediated Lifespan Extension via IRE-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans | PLOS Genetics
PhD defence of Lisa van Sluijs - Natural variation in viral susceptibility of Caenorhabditis elegans - WUR
CIL:1074, Caenorhabditis elegans, muscle cell. CIL. Dataset
C25F9.13 gene cDNA ORF clone, Caenorhabditis elegans - GenScript
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation (WP1451) - Caenorhabditis elegans | WikiPathways
Inhibition of mRNA translation extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
- Aalborg University's Research Portal
The Graduate School of the Stowers Institute | The Caenorhabditis…
Compost Microcosms as Microbially Diverse, Natural-like Environments for Microbiome Research in Caenorhabditis elegans |...
Direct interaction of PIWI and DEPS-1 is essential for piRNA function and condensate ultrastructure in Caenorhabditis elegans |...
Identification of Factors That Establish Asymmetry and Cell-death Fate in the NSM lineage in Caenorhabditis elegans
Identify bypass suppressors of mrp-5 deficiency in Caenorhabditis elegans | NIH Research Festival
Temporal dynamics of gene expression in heat-stressed Caenorhabditis elegans
BMC Series blog Beyond DNA barcoding: the species description of the nematode Caenorhabditis monodelphis includes its whole...
Both the apoptotic suicide pathway and phagocytosis are required for a programmed cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans | BMC...
PLP-1 is essential for germ cell development and germline gene silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans | Development | The Company...
Regulation of fatty acid desaturase- and immunity gene-expression by mbk-1/DYRK1A in Caenorhabditis elegans | BMC Genomics |...
Caenorhabditis elegans life span studies: The challenge of maintaining synchronous cohorts | ScholarBank@NUS
Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans9
- In 1965 Sydney Brenner chose the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a promising model system for a concerted genetic, ultrastructural, and behavioral attack on the development and function of a simple nervous system. (cshlpress.com)
- The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is thoroughly studied as a genetic model in the lab since the seventies, yet until ten years ago, little was known about the natural life of the nematode. (wur.nl)
- Programmed cell deaths in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are generally considered suicides. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , longevity in response to germline ablation, but not in response to reduced insulin/IGF1-like signaling, is strongly dependent on the conserved protein kinase minibrain-related kinase 1 (MBK-1). (biomedcentral.com)
- Normally axons of the ventral nerve cord in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are invariably sorted asymmetrically. (sfu.ca)
- The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans possesses a simple embryonic nervous system with few enough neurons that the growth of each cell could be followed to provide a systems-level view of development. (nih.gov)
- The Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (CGC) acquires, maintains, and distributes genetic stocks and information about stocks of the small free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . (nih.gov)
- The effects of these chemicals were determined using three biological endpoints in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (feeding, larval development and reproduction). (nih.gov)
- Prior to OHAT, she managed the NTP WormTox Screening Facility, which developed bioassays using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an alternative model organism in high-throughput toxicological screening. (nih.gov)
Free-living n1
- Methods are described for the isolation, complementation and mapping of mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans, a small free-living nematode worm. (nih.gov)
Genetics2
- Lakowski, B. & Hekimi, S. The genetics of caloric restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans . (nature.com)
- Fine-structure genetics of ama-1, an essential gene encoding the amanitin-binding subunit of RNA polymerase II in Caenorhabditis elegans. (nih.gov)
Elegans worm2
- Importantly, O antigen production enables laboratory strains of E. coli to enter the gut of the Caenorhabditis elegans worm and to kill C. elegans at rates similar to pathogenic bacterial species. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- As this Caenorhabditis elegans worm undulates, 113 neurons throughout its brain and body (green/yellow spots) get brighter and darker as each neuron activates and deactivates. (nih.gov)
Intervention Testing Program1
- The National Institute on Aging (NIA) invites applications for cooperative agreements (U01s) from investigators or groups of investigators (e.g., multiple PD(s)/PI(s) capable of, and interested in, participating in a Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP). (nih.gov)
Extends lifespan1
- Here we show that loss of a specific eIF4E isoform (IFE-2) that functions in somatic tissues 4 reduces global protein synthesis, protects from oxidative stress and extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans . (nature.com)
Strains3
- The CITP is a peer-reviewed program designed to identify pharmacological interventions that may moderate or alleviate health decline associated with aging in a robust manner using a genetically diverse set of Caenorhabditis species and strains. (nih.gov)
- The goal is to identify pharmacological interventions that increase lifespan and/or healthspan in a robust manner when tested using multiple species of the simple invertebrate Caenorhabditis and/or multiple strains of Caenorhabditis elegans. (nih.gov)
- Compounds will be tested for longevity effects in at least 8-10 species of Caenorhabditis and/or independent strains of C. elegans, and at different doses. (nih.gov)
Lifespan2
- and rsks-1, the worm homologue of S6 kinase, results in lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans. (aau.dk)
- Drosophila melanogaster , Caenorhabditis elegans , and rodents are well-validated preclinical models for studying lifespan and the role of probiotics and/or postbiotics, but each have their limitations, including cost and their translation to human aging biology . (bvsalud.org)
Kinase1
- Caenorhabditis elegans polo-like kinase PLK-1 is required for merging parental genomes into a single nucleus. (nih.gov)
Microbiome2
- Compost microcosms bring the microbial diversity found in nature into the laboratory to facilitate microbiome research in Caenorhabditis elegans . (jove.com)
- Geroprotective potential of microbiome modulators in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. (bvsalud.org)
CITP1
- The NIA supports a multi-institutional Caenorhabditis Interventions Testing Program (CITP) for testing, under standardized conditions, intervention strategies that may moderate or alleviate health decline associated with aging. (nih.gov)
Species3
- She could tell them apart because they would not interbreed with any of the other Caenorhabditis species she kept in culture. (biomedcentral.com)
- Through the efforts of Marie-Anne and the other collectors she inspired, there are now over 50 species of Caenorhabditis in culture. (biomedcentral.com)
- This paper included minimal morphological descriptions - simply affirming that the species were Caenorhabditis and describing the male tail. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes3
- Lakowski, B. & Hekimi, S. Determination of life-span in Caenorhabditis elegans by four clock genes. (nature.com)
- An RNAi screen for genes that affect nuclear morphology in Caenorhabditis elegans reveals the involvement of unexpected processes. (nih.gov)
- Down-regulation of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle genes blocks progression through the first mitotic division in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. (nih.gov)
Mutations1
- Maternal-effect lethal mutations on linkage group II of Caenorhabditis elegans. (nih.gov)
Roundworm2
- The National Toxicology Program (NTP)1 evaluated the toxicity of six chemicals that were spil ed into the West Virginia Elk River, four structural y related chemicals, and two chemical mixtures to the nematode roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ). (nih.gov)
- Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) is a roundworm about 1mm in length that lives freely in soil and feeds on bacteria. (nih.gov)
Function1
- A membrane reticulum, the centriculum, affects centrosome size and function in Caenorhabditis elegans. (nih.gov)
Article1
- Is the Subject Area "Caenorhabditis elegans" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
Development1
- Caenorhabditis elegans and parasitic helminths are unable to synthesize heme de novo, but instead acquire heme from exogenous sources for growth and development. (nih.gov)
Cell2
- CIL:1074, Caenorhabditis elegans, muscle cell. (cellimagelibrary.org)
- Cell Biology of the Caenorhabditis elegans Nucleus. (nih.gov)
Elegans development1
- 2009 . Application of a mathematical model to describe the effects of chlorpyrifos on Caenorhabditis elegans development. (nih.gov)
Neurons1
- As this Caenorhabditis elegans worm undulates, 113 neurons throughout its brain and body (green/yellow spots) get brighter and darker as each neuron activates and deactivates. (nih.gov)
Genetically1
- The worms, known as Caenorhabditis elegans, are commonly used in research because they are easy to genetically manipulate. (nih.gov)
Genetics1
- The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans. (nih.gov)
High-throughput2
Cell Biology1
- Cell Biology of the Caenorhabditis elegans Nucleus. (nih.gov)
Worm1
- colonize the intestinal tracts of Caenorhabditis nematodes leading to worm death. (nih.gov)
Robust1
- The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits robust escape behavior in response to rapidly rising temperature. (nih.gov)
Chemicals1
- The National Toxicology Program (NTP)1 evaluated the toxicity of six chemicals that were spil ed into the West Virginia Elk River, four structural y related chemicals, and two chemical mixtures to the nematode roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ). (nih.gov)
Growth1
- Caenorhabditis elegans and parasitic helminths are unable to synthesize heme de novo, but instead acquire heme from exogenous sources for growth and development. (nih.gov)