Cadmium Radioisotopes
Cadmium
Cadmium Poisoning
Radioisotopes
Cadmium Chloride
Zinc Radioisotopes
Radioisotope Dilution Technique
Strontium Radioisotopes
Iodine Radioisotopes
Differences in cadmium transport to the testis, epididymis, and brain in cadmium-sensitive and -resistant murine strains 129/J and A/J. (1/26)
Although most animals with scrotal testes are susceptible to cadmium-induced testicular toxicity, strain-related differences are seen in mice. Resistant murine strains demonstrate a decreased cadmium concentration in the testis and also in the epididymis and seminal vesicle. In this study we analyzed cadmium transport into tissues with a vascular barrier, the testis, epididymis, and brain, in an attempt to characterize the mechanisms of strain resistance to cadmium-induced testicular toxicity. In the resistant murine strain A/J, 109Cd transport (administered as 109CdCl2) was significantly attenuated in the testis, epididymis, and brain, when compared to the sensitive murine strain 129/J. The unidirectional influx constant (Ki, in microliter g-1 min-1) for 109Cd was 0.01929 in the A/J testis as compared with 1.174 in the 129/J testis (P <.0001). The percentage of a 109Cd dose that reached the A/J testis by 60 min was over 10 times less than that which reached the 129/J testis. The transport system used by cadmium in the 129/J testis was saturable, with 20 microM unlabeled cadmium chloride inhibiting transport by over 60%. The transporter was competitively inhibited by zinc (P =. 00017), but not by calcium, indicating a specificity in ion transport. Studies with isolated tubules and analysis of testicular fluid compartments demonstrated no significant difference in cadmium uptake or efflux between the strains when corrected for the amount of 109Cd entering the testis. Therefore, murine strain differences in testicular sensitivity to cadmium appear to be related to the variable presence of a transport system for cadmium in the testicular vasculature. (+info)Calculating bone-lead measurement variance. (2/26)
The technique of (109)Cd-based X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements of lead in bone is well established. A paper by some XRF researchers [Gordon CL, et al. The Reproducibility of (109)Cd-based X-ray Fluorescence Measurements of Bone Lead. Environ Health Perspect 102:690-694 (1994)] presented the currently practiced method for calculating the variance of an in vivo measurement once a calibration line has been established. This paper corrects typographical errors in the method published by those authors; presents a crude estimate of the measurement error that can be acquired without computational peak fitting programs; and draws attention to the measurement error attributable to covariance, an important feature in the construct of the currently accepted method that is flawed under certain circumstances. (+info)109Cd K x ray fluorescence measurements of tibial lead content in young adults exposed to lead in early childhood. (3/26)
OBJECTIVES: Tibia lead measurements were performed in a population of 19-29 year old people who had been highly exposed to lead in childhood to find whether lead had persisted in the bone matrix until adulthood. METHODS: (109)Cd K x ray fluorescence was used to measure the tibia lead concentrations of 262 exposed subjects and 268 age and sex matched controls. Questionnaire data allowed a years of residence index to be calculated for exposed subjects. A cumulative blood lead index was calculated from the time weighted integration of available data of blood lead. RESULTS: The mean (SEM) difference between exposed and control men was 4.51 (0.35) micrograms Pb/g bone mineral, and between exposed and control women was 3.94 (0. 61) micrograms Pb/g bone mineral. Grouped mean bone lead concentrations of exposed subjects were predicted best by age. When exposed and control subjects' data were combined, grouped mean bone lead concentrations were predicted best by cumulative blood lead index. The years of residence index was neither a good predictor of bone lead concentrations for exposed subjects nor for exposed and control subjects combined. Finally, exposed subjects had increased current blood lead concentrations that correlated significantly with bone lead values. CONCLUSION: Bone lead concentrations of exposed subjects were significantly increased compared with those of control subjects. Lead from exposure in early childhood had persisted in the bone matrix until adulthood. Exposed subjects had increased blood lead concentrations compared with controls. Some of this exposure could be related to ongoing exposure. However, some of the increase in blood lead concentration in adult exposed subjects seemed to be a result of endogenous exposure from increased bone lead stores. The endogenous exposure relation found for men was consistent with reported data, but the relation found for women was significantly lower. Further research is needed to find whether the observed differences are due to sex, or pregnancy and lactation. (+info)Remobilization of cadmium in maturing shoots of near isogenic lines of durum wheat that differ in grain cadmium accumulation. (4/26)
Cadmium accumulation in grain of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) represents a concern to consumers. In an effort to understand the regulation of Cd accumulation in maturing grain, the remobilization of 109Cd applied to stem and flag leaves was examined in two near-isogenic lines that differ in grain Cd accumulation. Absorbed 109Cd was primarily retained in the labelling flap (50-54% and 65-80% for stem and flag leaves, respectively). Cadmium exported from the stem flap initially (3 d) accumulated in the stem in a declining gradient towards the head. Subsequent remobilization of Cd deposited in the stem was associated with Cd accumulation in the grain. Cadmium exported from the flag leaf flap was primarily directed to the grain. Little (<1%) Cd accumulated in the glumes or rachis, and transport of Cd to shoot tissues below the flag leaf node was low (<1%). On average, 9% and 17% of absorbed 109Cd accumulated in the grain 14 d after labelling the stem and flag leaf, respectively. Irrespective of labelling position, the low Cd-accumulating isoline averaged 1.5-2-fold lower Cd accumulation per grain and Cd concentration in the grain than the high Cd-accumulating isoline. Cadmium accumulation in the grain was inversely correlated with Cd retention in the stem (stem labelled) and labelling flap (flag leaf labelled) for both isolines. Cadmium translocation to the grain was not inhibited by Zn when both were applied simultaneously (50 pM 109Cd; 0.5 microM 65Zn) to the flag leaf. These results show that elevated remobilization of Cd from the leaves and stem to the maturing grain may be partially responsible for the high accumulation of Cd in durum wheat grain. (+info)Influence of prior Cd(2+) exposure on the uptake of Cd(2+) and other elements in the phytochelatin-deficient mutant, cad1-3, of Arabidopsis thaliana. (5/26)
In order to test the potential effect of prior exposure to different Cd concentrations on Cd uptake and accumulation, plants of Arabidopsis thaliana, including a phytochelatin-deficient mutant, cad1-3, and the wild type, were compared. For Cd uptake experiments, plants were grown for 1 week in nutrient solution containing different Cd concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 microM Cd(NO(3))(2)). Thereafter they were subjected to 0.5 microM Cd labelled with (109)Cd for 2 h. Uptake experiments with (109)Cd showed that the phytochelatin-deficient mutant cad1-3, accumulated less Cd than the wild type. Both a lower proportion and lower total amount of absorbed Cd were translocated to the shoot in cad1-3 plants compared to wild-type plants. Cadmium exposure also influenced the amounts of nutrients found, whereby after exposure to high Cd concentrations (0.5, 1.0 microM) during growth, cad1-3 roots contained less Fe, K, Mg, P, and S compared to roots of the wild type. In cad1-3 these elements decreased with increasing Cd concentration. The total Cd content in roots and shoots increased significantly with increasing Cd concentration during growth, although the increase was much less in cad1-3 plants. In time-dependent experiments of Cd uptake carried out between 15 and 120 min on plants not previously exposed to Cd, no significant difference in Cd accumulation between the mutant and wild type were found, although a smaller amount of Cd was translocated to the shoot in cad1-3 plants. The possibility that the differences in Cd accumulation in mutant and wild-type lines may be due to the cytosolic Cd regulation, which is inhibited by the complexation of Cd by phytochelatins, is discussed. (+info)Characteristics of cadmium uptake in two contrasting ecotypes of the hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens. (6/26)
Uptake of Cd and Zn by intact seedlings of two contrasting ecotypes of the hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens was characterized using radioactive tracers. Uptake of Cd and Zn at 2 degrees C was assumed to represent mainly apoplastic binding in the roots, whereas the difference in uptake between 22 degrees C and 2 degrees C represented metabolically dependent influx. There was no significant difference between the two ecotypes in the apoplastic binding of Cd or Zn. Metabolically dependent uptake of Cd was 4.5-fold higher in the high Cd-accumulating ecotype, Ganges, than in the low Cd-accumulating ecotype, Prayon. By contrast, there was only a 1.5-fold difference in the Zn uptake between the two ecotypes. For the Ganges ecotype, Cd uptake could be described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a V(max) of 143 nmol g(-1) root FW h(-1) and a K(m) of 0.45 microM. Uptake of Cd by the Ganges ecotype was not inhibited by La, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Ni or Fe(II), and neither by increasing the Ca concentration. By contrast, addition of La, Zn or Mn, or increasing the Ca concentration in the uptake solution decreased Cd uptake by Prayon. Uptake of Ca was larger in Prayon than in Ganges. The results suggest that Cd uptake by the low Cd-accumulating ecotype (Prayon) may be mediated partly via Ca channels or transporters for Zn and Mn. By contrast, there may exist a highly selective Cd transport system in the root cell membranes of the high Cd-accumulating ecotype (Ganges) of T. caerulescens. (+info)Influence of iron status on cadmium and zinc uptake by different ecotypes of the hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens. (7/26)
We have previously identified an ecotype of the hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens (Ganges), which is far superior to other ecotypes (including Prayon) in Cd uptake. In this study, we investigated the effect of Fe status on the uptake of Cd and Zn in the Ganges and Prayon ecotypes, and the kinetics of Cd and Zn influx using radioisotopes. Furthermore, the T. caerulescens ZIP (Zn-regulated transporter/Fe-regulated transporter-like protein) genes TcZNT1-G and TcIRT1-G were cloned from the Ganges ecotype and their expression under Fe-sufficient and -deficient conditions was analyzed. Both short- and long-term studies revealed that Cd uptake was significantly enhanced by Fe deficiency only in the Ganges ecotype. The concentration-dependent kinetics of Cd influx showed that the V(max) of Cd was 3 times greater in Fe-deficient Ganges plants compared with Fe-sufficient plants. In Prayon, Fe deficiency did not induce a significant increase in V(max) for Cd. Zn uptake was not influenced by the Fe status of the plants in either of the ecotypes. These results are in agreement with the gene expression study. The abundance of ZNT1-G mRNA was similar between the Fe treatments and between the two ecotypes. In contrast, abundance of the TcIRT1-G mRNA was greatly increased only in Ganges root tissue under Fe-deficient conditions. The present results indicate that the stimulatory effect of Fe deficiency on Cd uptake in Ganges may be related to an up-regulation in the expression of genes encoding for Fe(2+) uptake, possibly TcIRT1-G. (+info)Cadmium-metallothionein interactions in the olfactory pathways of rats and pikes. (8/26)
Deposition of cadmium onto the olfactory epithelium results in transport of the metal along the primary olfactory neurons to the olfactory bulbs of the brain. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the intracellular ligand binding of cadmium during this process. (109)Cd(2+) was applied on the olfactory epithelium of rats and pikes, and the subcellular distribution of the metal in the olfactory pathways was then examined. Two groups of rats were used: one pretreated with intranasal instillations of nonlabeled cadmium and the other given physiological saline (controls). Cellular fractionations showed that the (109)Cd(2+) was predominantly present in the cytosol of all samples, both in the rats and the pikes. Gel filtrations of the olfactory epithelium of control rats killed 2 h after the (109)Cd(2+) instillation showed that the metal was recovered in two peaks with elution volumes corresponding to metallothionein (MT) and glutathione (GSH)-the latter peak being the predominant one. However, in the epithelium of the cadmium-pretreated rats killed at 2 h, (109)Cd(2+) was recovered in one peak corresponding to MT. In the olfactory epithelium and bulbs of both groups of rats killed at 48 h, as well as in the olfactory epithelium, nerves, and bulbs of pikes killed at this interval, (109)Cd(2+) was recovered in one peak corresponding to MT. Immunohistochemistry of the olfactory system of rats given cadmium in the right nasal cavity showed induction of MT in the neuronal, sustentacular, and basal cells of the right olfactory epithelium, in the nerve fascicles in the lamina propria of the right olfactory mucosa, and in the olfactory nerve layer of the right olfactory bulb. On the left side, the immunoreactivity was low in these structures. MT immunoreactivity was observed in the glomeruli of both the right and the left olfactory bulbs. However, the staining was homogeneously distributed within the entire glomeruli of the right bulb, whereas it showed a mesh-like pattern corresponding to the localization of astrocytes in the glomeruli of the left bulb. We conclude that exposure of the olfactory epithelium to cadmium results in induction of MT in the primary olfactory neurons and a transport of the metal in these neurons as a cadmium-metallothionein (CdMT) complex. Our results further indicate that GSH is a ligand that can interact with cadmium before the metal binds to MT. (+info)Cadmium radioisotopes are unstable forms of the heavy metal cadmium that emit radiation as they decay into more stable elements. These isotopes can be created through various nuclear reactions, such as bombarding a cadmium atom with a high-energy particle. Some common cadmium radioisotopes include cadmium-109, cadmium-113, and cadmium-115.
These radioisotopes have a wide range of applications in medicine, particularly in diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy. For example, cadmium-109 is used as a gamma ray source for medical imaging, while cadmium-115 has been studied as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
However, exposure to cadmium radioisotopes can also be hazardous to human health, as they can cause damage to tissues and organs through ionizing radiation. Therefore, handling and disposal of these materials must be done with care and in accordance with established safety protocols.
Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that is a byproduct of the mining and smelting of zinc, lead, and copper. It has no taste or smell and can be found in small amounts in air, water, and soil. Cadmium can also be found in some foods, such as kidneys, liver, and shellfish.
Exposure to cadmium can cause a range of health effects, including kidney damage, lung disease, fragile bones, and cancer. Cadmium is classified as a known human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the National Toxicology Program (NTP).
Occupational exposure to cadmium can occur in industries that produce or use cadmium, such as battery manufacturing, metal plating, and pigment production. Workers in these industries may be exposed to cadmium through inhalation of cadmium-containing dusts or fumes, or through skin contact with cadmium-containing materials.
The general population can also be exposed to cadmium through the environment, such as by eating contaminated food or breathing secondhand smoke. Smoking is a major source of cadmium exposure for smokers and those exposed to secondhand smoke.
Prevention measures include reducing occupational exposure to cadmium, controlling emissions from industrial sources, and reducing the use of cadmium in consumer products. Regular monitoring of air, water, and soil for cadmium levels can also help identify potential sources of exposure and prevent health effects.
Cadmium poisoning is a condition that results from the exposure to cadmium, a toxic heavy metal. This can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption. Cadmium is found in some industrial workplaces, such as battery manufacturing, metal smelting, and phosphate fertilizer production. It can also be found in contaminated food, water, and cigarette smoke.
Acute cadmium poisoning is rare but can cause severe symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and muscle cramps. Chronic exposure to cadmium can lead to a range of health problems, including kidney damage, bone disease, lung damage, and anemia. It has also been linked to an increased risk of cancer, particularly lung cancer.
The treatment for cadmium poisoning typically involves removing the source of exposure, providing supportive care, and in some cases, chelation therapy to remove cadmium from the body. Prevention measures include reducing exposure to cadmium in the workplace, avoiding contaminated food and water, and not smoking.
Radioisotopes, also known as radioactive isotopes or radionuclides, are variants of chemical elements that have unstable nuclei and emit radiation in the form of alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, or conversion electrons. These isotopes are formed when an element's nucleus undergoes natural or artificial radioactive decay.
Radioisotopes can be produced through various processes, including nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, and particle bombardment in a cyclotron or other types of particle accelerators. They have a wide range of applications in medicine, industry, agriculture, research, and energy production. In the medical field, radioisotopes are used for diagnostic imaging, radiation therapy, and in the labeling of molecules for research purposes.
It is important to note that handling and using radioisotopes requires proper training, safety measures, and regulatory compliance due to their ionizing radiation properties, which can pose potential health risks if not handled correctly.
Cadmium chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CdCl2. It is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and has a bitter, metallic taste. Cadmium chloride is a toxic compound that can cause serious health effects, including kidney damage, respiratory problems, and bone degeneration. It is classified as a hazardous substance and should be handled with care.
Cadmium chloride is used in various industrial applications, such as electroplating, soldering, and as a stabilizer in plastics. It is also used in some research settings as a reagent in chemical reactions.
It's important to note that exposure to cadmium chloride should be avoided, and appropriate safety measures should be taken when handling this compound. This includes wearing protective clothing, such as gloves and lab coats, and working in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood. In case of accidental ingestion or inhalation, seek medical attention immediately.
Zinc radioisotopes are unstable isotopes or variants of the element zinc that undergo radioactive decay, emitting radiation in the process. These isotopes have a different number of neutrons than the stable isotope of zinc (zinc-64), which contributes to their instability and tendency to decay.
Examples of zinc radioisotopes include zinc-65, zinc-70, and zinc-72. These isotopes are often used in medical research and diagnostic procedures due to their ability to emit gamma rays or positrons, which can be detected using specialized equipment.
Zinc radioisotopes may be used as tracers to study the metabolism and distribution of zinc in the body, or as therapeutic agents to deliver targeted radiation therapy to cancer cells. However, it is important to note that the use of radioisotopes carries potential risks, including exposure to ionizing radiation and the potential for damage to healthy tissues.
Cadmium compounds refer to combinations of the chemical element cadmium (Cd) with one or more other elements. Cadmium is a naturally occurring heavy metal that is commonly found in zinc ores and is often produced as a byproduct of mining and smelting operations for other metals.
Cadmium compounds can take many forms, including cadmium chloride (CdCl2), cadmium sulfate (CdSO4), cadmium oxide (CdO), and cadmium carbonate (CdCO3). These compounds are often used in a variety of industrial applications, such as electroplating, pigments, and batteries.
Exposure to cadmium compounds can be harmful to human health, as they can accumulate in the body over time and cause damage to the kidneys, liver, bones, and respiratory system. Long-term exposure to cadmium has been linked to an increased risk of cancer, particularly lung cancer. As a result, occupational exposure to cadmium compounds is regulated by various governmental agencies, and efforts are underway to reduce the use of cadmium in consumer products.
The Radioisotope Dilution Technique is a method used in nuclear medicine to measure the volume and flow rate of a particular fluid in the body. It involves introducing a known amount of a radioactive isotope, or radioisotope, into the fluid, such as blood. The isotope mixes with the fluid, and samples are then taken from the fluid at various time points.
By measuring the concentration of the radioisotope in each sample, it is possible to calculate the total volume of the fluid based on the amount of the isotope introduced and the dilution factor. The flow rate can also be calculated by measuring the concentration of the isotope over time and using the formula:
Flow rate = Volume/Time
This technique is commonly used in medical research and clinical settings to measure cardiac output, cerebral blood flow, and renal function, among other applications. It is a safe and reliable method that has been widely used for many years. However, it does require the use of radioactive materials and specialized equipment, so it should only be performed by trained medical professionals in appropriate facilities.
Strontium radioisotopes are radioactive isotopes of the element strontium. Strontium is an alkaline earth metal that is found in nature and has several isotopes, some of which are stable and some of which are radioactive. The radioactive isotopes of strontium, also known as strontium radionuclides, decay and emit radiation in the form of beta particles.
Strontium-89 (^89Sr) and strontium-90 (^90Sr) are two common radioisotopes of strontium that are used in medical applications. Strontium-89 is a pure beta emitter with a half-life of 50.5 days, which makes it useful for the treatment of bone pain associated with metastatic cancer. When administered, strontium-89 is taken up by bones and irradiates the bone tissue, reducing pain and improving quality of life in some patients.
Strontium-90, on the other hand, has a longer half-life of 28.8 years and emits more powerful beta particles than strontium-89. It is used as a component in radioactive waste and in some nuclear weapons, but it is not used in medical applications due to its long half-life and high radiation dose.
It's important to note that exposure to strontium radioisotopes can be harmful to human health, especially if ingested or inhaled. Therefore, handling and disposal of strontium radioisotopes require special precautions and regulations.
Iodine radioisotopes are radioactive isotopes of the element iodine, which decays and emits radiation in the form of gamma rays. Some commonly used iodine radioisotopes include I-123, I-125, I-131. These radioisotopes have various medical applications such as in diagnostic imaging, therapy for thyroid disorders, and cancer treatment.
For example, I-131 is commonly used to treat hyperthyroidism and differentiated thyroid cancer due to its ability to destroy thyroid tissue. On the other hand, I-123 is often used in nuclear medicine scans of the thyroid gland because it emits gamma rays that can be detected by a gamma camera, allowing for detailed images of the gland's structure and function.
It is important to note that handling and administering radioisotopes require specialized training and safety precautions due to their radiation-emitting properties.
Krypton is a noble gas with the symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It exists in various radioisotopes, which are unstable isotopes of krypton that undergo radioactive decay. A few examples include:
1. Krypton-81: This radioisotope has a half-life of about 2.1 x 10^5 years and decays via electron capture to rubidium-81. It is produced naturally in the atmosphere by cosmic rays.
2. Krypton-83: With a half-life of approximately 85.7 days, this radioisotope decays via beta decay to bromine-83. It can be used in medical imaging for lung ventilation studies.
3. Krypton-85: This radioisotope has a half-life of about 10.7 years and decays via beta decay to rubidium-85. It is produced as a byproduct of nuclear fission and can be found in trace amounts in the atmosphere.
4. Krypton-87: With a half-life of approximately 76.3 minutes, this radioisotope decays via beta decay to rubidium-87. It is not found naturally on Earth but can be produced artificially.
It's important to note that while krypton radioisotopes have medical applications, they are also associated with potential health risks due to their radioactivity. Proper handling and safety precautions must be taken when working with these substances.
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Isotopes3
- Many of the heavy metals released in the mining and burning of coal are environmentally and biologically toxic elements, such as lead, mercury, nickel, tin, cadmium, antimony, and arsenic, as well as radio isotopes of thorium and strontium. (gem.wiki)
- [9] The large quantities of toxic heavy metals in coal ash include lead, mercury, nickel, tin, cadmium, antimony, and arsenic, as well as radio isotopes of thorium and strontium. (gem.wiki)
- Cadmium has 38 isotopes. (buyisotope.com)
Zinc Telluride2
- The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a large field Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) camera to estimate thyroid uptake (TU) on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images with and without attenuation correction (Tomo-AC and Tomo-NoAC) compared with Planar acquisition in a series of 23 consecutive patients. (springeropen.com)
- We assessed the performance of a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)-based Medipix3RX x-ray detector as a candidate for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging. (elsevierpure.com)
Group 121
- Cadmium is a soft bluish metal belonging to group 12 of the periodic table. (buyisotope.com)
Nickel1
- Cadmium is used in nickel-cadmium batteries. (buyisotope.com)
Isotope5
- A radionuclide ( radioactive nuclide , radioisotope or radioactive isotope ) is a nuclide that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. (wikipedia.org)
- Here, two soils were separated into four particle size fractions, namely fine sand, silt, fine silt, and colloidal particles and used to determine cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) concentrations and isotope compositions. (bvsalud.org)
- This study employs stable isotope analysis to investigate the mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) interaction in the metal hyperaccumulating plant species Sedum plumbizincicola. (bvsalud.org)
- This study aims to establish whether zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) share similar physiological mechanisms for uptake and translocation in cacao plants (Theobroma cacao L.). Multiple-collector ICP-MS was used to determine the Zn stable isotope compositions in the roots, stems and leaves of 19 diverse cacao genotypes grown in hydroponics with 20 µmol L-1 CdCl2. (bvsalud.org)
- They found that fission produced isotope fragments of Mo-99, as well as iodine-131 (often used for thyroid therapy) and cadmium-115g (which decays into indium-115m, a promising diagnostic isotope). (auntminnieeurope.com)
Mercury1
- Calculations indicate that copernicium may show the oxidation state +4, while mercury shows it in only one compound of disputed existence and zinc and cadmium do not show it at all. (knowpia.com)
Gamma1
- It includes the contamination of skin surface, foodstuff, water and gamma radiations from the spread of radioisotopes in the atmosphere. (researchsquare.com)
Bone1
- Radioactive SnF is used as a marker for bone infection radioisotope imagery, proving the affinity of this molecule to the site of the infection. (ra-infection-connection.com)
Particles1
- This objective is addressed using (i) thorium radioisotopes and particles measured along the GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect (GA03) and (ii) a model for the reversible exchange of thorium with particles. (whoi.edu)
Radioactive1
- Since the quantities dealing with radioisotopes are so small (the actual amount of radioactive material in the disks is so small it is invisible to the eye), radioisotopes are sold by the 'microcurie' (uCi). (unitednuclear.com)
MeSH1
- Cesium Radioisotopes" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
Cesium2
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cesium Radioisotopes" by people in this website by year, and whether "Cesium Radioisotopes" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ucdenver.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Cesium Radioisotopes" by people in Profiles. (ucdenver.edu)
North Atlantic1
- Collectively, my findings suggest that spatial variations in Th radioisotope activities observed in the North Atlantic partly reflect variations in the rate at which Th is removed from the water column. (whoi.edu)
Exempt1
- All our Radioisotope sources are NRC Exempt 'safety sealed' sources. (unitednuclear.com)
Nuclear2
- We examine the nuclear safety properties of a newly designed cadmium oxide-rich glass container for nuclear material to a bitumen-reinforced concrete container. (kent.edu.tr)
- A nuclear disaster leads to both external and internal contamination of the radioisotopes. (researchsquare.com)
Research3
- Production of short lived radioisotopes for climate change research. (uwi.edu)
- During early 1970s a strong need was felt for building a research reactor with higher neutron flux to meet the growing demand of radioisotopes and advanced research in basic sciences. (barc.gov.in)
- 2009). Indium radioisotopes are also widely used in medical research and therapy (Fowler 2007). (who.int)
Elements1
- Unstable elements with atomic numbers greater than 83 that exist in nature solely as radioisotopes. (uchicago.edu)
Source1
- Layers of plastic were used to simulate overlying soft tissue and this permitted prediction of a detection limit, using the current strength of our radioisotope source, of 6.1 ppm to 8.6 ppm (µg Gd per gram phantom) for fingers with 2-4 mm of overlying tissue. (mcmaster.ca)
Production3
- By virtue of higher neutron flux, Apsara-U will enhance indigenous production of radioisotopes for various societal applications. (barc.gov.in)
- The reactor was also extensively used for material irradiation, fuel testing, neutron activation analysis and production of radioisotopes for application in the fields of medicine, agriculture and industry. (barc.gov.in)
- The reactor incorporates several features catering to the requirements of a broad-based multidisciplinary user community as also in the production of radioisotopes of high specific activity. (barc.gov.in)
Therapy1
- Radioisotopes are used in medicine for both cancer therapy and diagnosis. (auntminnieeurope.com)
Ability1
- The objective of this study is to assess the ability of a prototype semiconductor-based silicon/cadmium telluride (Si/CdTe) Compton camera to simultaneously image the distributions of technetium (99mTc)-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) (141 keV emission) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) (511 keV emission) injected into a human volunteer. (go.jp)
Energy2
- The distributions of 99mTc-DMSA and 18F-FDG were simultaneously made visible by setting a specified energy window for each radioisotope. (go.jp)
- Photon energy-related assessments were made by flooding the detector with the tin foil filtered emission of an I-125 radioisotope brachytherapy seed and sweeping the energy threshold of each of the four charge-summed counters of each pixel in 1 keV steps. (elsevierpure.com)
Activity1
- Trial measurements on 125 I were conducted in preparation for an international comparison of activity measurements of this radioisotope. (iaea.org)
Tellurium1
- 15. In vivo lymph node mapping by Cadmium Tellurium quantum dots in rats. (nih.gov)
20231
- Under a new leadership team, the pioneering software provider is poised to strengthen its award-winning technology platform in 2023 FOREST HILL, Md., Feb. 2, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Cadmium announced today that it will make continued enhancements to its end-to-end suite of learning and event. (nih.gov)
Arsenic1
- Our focus is on the identified constituents which include lead, arsenic and cadmium. (recastingthesmelter.com)
Rods1
- The main examples of these rods are lead, cadmium, etc. (elprocus.com)
Zinc2
- The use of cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) has improved the performance of SPECT by improving detection sensitivity and spatial resolution, as well as reducing the radiation dose. (medscape.com)
- Cadmium-zinc-telluride sensors: These tiny sensors can detect gamma rays emitted by radionuclides of interest to terrorists, including cesium and cobalt. (sciencedaily.com)
Graphite1
- a) Carbon b) Uranium c) Cadmium d) Graphite. (gaageegoo.info)
Descriptor1
- Yttrium Radioisotopes" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
Uranium1
- On top of that, the US is now sending depleted uranium tank munitions to the region in an effort to disperse radioisotopes across all the farmland there, rendering the region contaminated for generations to come. (naturalnews.com)
Gamma1
- Cobalt-60 is a commercially important radioisotope, used as a tracer and in the production of gamma rays for industrial use. (scientificlib.com)
Cobalt1
- Using chelating ethylenediamine ligands in place of ammonia gives tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride ([Co(en)3]Cl), which was one of the first coordination complexes that was resolved into optical isomers. (scientificlib.com)
Placenta2
- Cell-specific increases in metallothionein expression in the human placenta perfused with cadmium. (nih.gov)
- The objective of this investigation was to measure the inducibility of MT mRNA and protein, and to determine their specific cellular localization following exposure to 20 microM cadmium (Cd) in the perfused human placenta for periods up to 8 h. (nih.gov)
Medical2
- 2009). Indium radioisotopes are also widely used in medical research and therapy (Fowler 2007). (who.int)
- Only La-139 is used for the production of the medical radioisotope Ce-139. (webelements.com)
Human1
- K are found in all potassium, and it is the most common radioisotope in the human body. (wiki2.org)
Major2
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Yttrium Radioisotopes" by people in this website by year, and whether "Yttrium Radioisotopes" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ucdenver.edu)
- Addresses the major radioisotopes from Fukushima Disaster. (pureeffectfilters.com)
Device1
- Large-volume xenon-based detectors: These xenon-gas-filled detectors are another room-temperature device that can detect and identify radioisotopes with great sensitivity. (sciencedaily.com)
Levels1
- Given the scrutiny of the site from both state and federal authorities, we do not expect man-made radioisotopes, TENORM, byproducts or residues at levels above their respective natural levels. (recastingthesmelter.com)