AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Bystander EffectGanciclovirThymidine KinaseProdrugsAlpha ParticlesAniline MustardRadiobiologyGenetic TherapyCytosine DeaminaseGap JunctionsNitroreductasesAziridinesFlucytosineGenes, Transgenic, SuicideLinear Energy TransferConnexin 43Glycyrrhetinic Acid1-OctanolSimplexvirusGenetic VectorsTumor Cells, CulturedPhleomycinsAntimetabolitesCell CommunicationDose-Response Relationship, RadiationNucleoside DeaminasesDeuteroporphyrinsAdenoviridaeRadiation, IonizingAntiviral AgentsRadiation DosageCoculture TechniquesMicronuclei, Chromosome-DefectiveMicronucleus TestsX-RaysElectromagnetic RadiationApoptosisTransduction, GeneticGene Transfer TechniquesMice, NudeCell SurvivalDNA DamageIdoxuridinePentosyltransferasesTransfectionHerpesvirus 1, HumanNeoplasm TransplantationGliomaGamma RaysCardiopulmonary ResuscitationConnexinsCell Line, TumorRetroviridaeRadiation ToleranceRadiation-Protective AgentsCell DeathMice, Inbred BALB CFibroblastsWhole-Body Irradiation
Bystander Effect
The result of a positive or negative response (to drugs, for example) in one cell being passed onto other cells via the GAP JUNCTIONS or the intracellular milieu.
Ganciclovir
An ACYCLOVIR analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections.
Thymidine Kinase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and thymidine to ADP and thymidine 5'-phosphate. Deoxyuridine can also act as an acceptor and dGTP as a donor. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.21.
Prodrugs
A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.
Alpha Particles
Positively charged particles composed of two protons and two NEUTRONS, i.e. equivalent to HELIUM nuclei, which are emitted during disintegration of heavy ISOTOPES. Alpha rays have very strong ionizing power, but weak penetrability.
Aniline Mustard
Alkylating anti-neoplastic agent.
Radiobiology
Study of the scientific principles, mechanisms, and effects of the interaction of ionizing radiation with living matter. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Genetic Therapy
Techniques and strategies which include the use of coding sequences and other conventional or radical means to transform or modify cells for the purpose of treating or reversing disease conditions.
Cytosine Deaminase
An enzyme which catalyzes the deamination of CYTOSINE resulting in the formation of URACIL. It can also act on 5-methylcytosine to form THYMIDINE.
Gap Junctions
Connections between cells which allow passage of small molecules and electric current. Gap junctions were first described anatomically as regions of close apposition between cells with a narrow (1-2 nm) gap between cell membranes. The variety in the properties of gap junctions is reflected in the number of CONNEXINS, the family of proteins which form the junctions.
Nitroreductases
Enzymes which reduce nitro groups (NITRO COMPOUNDS) and other nitrogenous compounds.
Aziridines
Saturated azacyclopropane compounds. They include compounds with substitutions on CARBON or NITROGEN atoms.
Flucytosine
A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.
Genes, Transgenic, Suicide
Genes that are used transgenically, i.e., via GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES to induce CELL DEATH.
Linear Energy Transfer
Rate of energy dissipation along the path of charged particles. In radiobiology and health physics, exposure is measured in kiloelectron volts per micrometer of tissue (keV/micrometer T).
Connexin 43
A 43-kDa peptide which is a member of the connexin family of gap junction proteins. Connexin 43 is a product of a gene in the alpha class of connexin genes (the alpha-1 gene). It was first isolated from mammalian heart, but is widespread in the body including the brain.
Glycyrrhetinic Acid
An oleanolic acid from GLYCYRRHIZA that has some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used topically for allergic or infectious skin inflammation and orally for its aldosterone effects in electrolyte regulation.
1-Octanol
A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Simplexvirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. The type species is HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN.
Genetic Vectors
DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.
Phleomycins
Water-soluble, copper-containing low molecular weight polypeptides obtained from the culture medium of Streptomyces verticillus. They are specific inhibitors of DNA synthesis in bacteria and have been found to act as antitumor agents. They have also been used against rust fungi of plants.
Antimetabolites
Drugs that are chemically similar to naturally occurring metabolites, but differ enough to interfere with normal metabolic pathways. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)
Cell Communication
Any of several ways in which living cells of an organism communicate with one another, whether by direct contact between cells or by means of chemical signals carried by neurotransmitter substances, hormones, and cyclic AMP.
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
The relationship between the dose of administered radiation and the response of the organism or tissue to the radiation.
Nucleoside Deaminases
Catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleosides with the elimination of ammonia.
Deuteroporphyrins
Porphyrins with four methyl and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings.
Adenoviridae
A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.
Radiation, Ionizing
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION or particle radiation (high energy ELEMENTARY PARTICLES) capable of directly or indirectly producing IONS in its passage through matter. The wavelengths of ionizing electromagnetic radiation are equal to or smaller than those of short (far) ultraviolet radiation and include gamma and X-rays.
Antiviral Agents
Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.
Radiation Dosage
The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).
Coculture Techniques
A technique of culturing mixed cell types in vitro to allow their synergistic or antagonistic interactions, such as on CELL DIFFERENTIATION or APOPTOSIS. Coculture can be of different types of cells, tissues, or organs from normal or disease states.
Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective
Defective nuclei produced during the TELOPHASE of MITOSIS or MEIOSIS by lagging CHROMOSOMES or chromosome fragments derived from spontaneous or experimentally induced chromosomal structural changes.
Micronucleus Tests
Induction and quantitative measurement of chromosomal damage leading to the formation of micronuclei (MICRONUCLEI, CHROMOSOME-DEFECTIVE) in cells which have been exposed to genotoxic agents or IONIZING RADIATION.
X-Rays
Penetrating electromagnetic radiation emitted when the inner orbital electrons of an atom are excited and release radiant energy. X-ray wavelengths range from 1 pm to 10 nm. Hard X-rays are the higher energy, shorter wavelength X-rays. Soft x-rays or Grenz rays are less energetic and longer in wavelength. The short wavelength end of the X-ray spectrum overlaps the GAMMA RAYS wavelength range. The distinction between gamma rays and X-rays is based on their radiation source.
Electromagnetic Radiation
Waves of oscillating electric and MAGNETIC FIELDS which move at right angles to each other and outward from the source.
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Transduction, Genetic
The transfer of bacterial DNA by phages from an infected bacterium to another bacterium. This also refers to the transfer of genes into eukaryotic cells by viruses. This naturally occurring process is routinely employed as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.
Gene Transfer Techniques
The introduction of functional (usually cloned) GENES into cells. A variety of techniques and naturally occurring processes are used for the gene transfer such as cell hybridization, LIPOSOMES or microcell-mediated gene transfer, ELECTROPORATION, chromosome-mediated gene transfer, TRANSFECTION, and GENETIC TRANSDUCTION. Gene transfer may result in genetically transformed cells and individual organisms.
Mice, Nude
Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.
Cell Survival
The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.
DNA Damage
Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.
Idoxuridine
An analog of DEOXYURIDINE that inhibits viral DNA synthesis. The drug is used as an antiviral agent.
Pentosyltransferases
Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of a pentose group from one compound to another.
Transfection
The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.
Herpesvirus 1, Human
The type species of SIMPLEXVIRUS causing most forms of non-genital herpes simplex in humans. Primary infection occurs mainly in infants and young children and then the virus becomes latent in the dorsal root ganglion. It then is periodically reactivated throughout life causing mostly benign conditions.
Neoplasm Transplantation
Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)
Gamma Rays
Penetrating, high-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted from atomic nuclei during NUCLEAR DECAY. The range of wavelengths of emitted radiation is between 0.1 - 100 pm which overlaps the shorter, more energetic hard X-RAYS wavelengths. The distinction between gamma rays and X-rays is based on their radiation source.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
The artificial substitution of heart and lung action as indicated for HEART ARREST resulting from electric shock, DROWNING, respiratory arrest, or other causes. The two major components of cardiopulmonary resuscitation are artificial ventilation (RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL) and closed-chest CARDIAC MASSAGE.
Connexins
A group of homologous proteins which form the intermembrane channels of GAP JUNCTIONS. The connexins are the products of an identified gene family which has both highly conserved and highly divergent regions. The variety contributes to the wide range of functional properties of gap junctions.
Cell Line, Tumor
A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.
Retroviridae
Family of RNA viruses that infects birds and mammals and encodes the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The family contains seven genera: DELTARETROVIRUS; LENTIVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE B, MAMMALIAN; ALPHARETROVIRUS; GAMMARETROVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE D; and SPUMAVIRUS. A key feature of retrovirus biology is the synthesis of a DNA copy of the genome which is integrated into cellular DNA. After integration it is sometimes not expressed but maintained in a latent state (PROVIRUSES).
Radiation Tolerance
The ability of some cells or tissues to survive lethal doses of IONIZING RADIATION. Tolerance depends on the species, cell type, and physical and chemical variables, including RADIATION-PROTECTIVE AGENTS and RADIATION-SENSITIZING AGENTS.
Radiation-Protective Agents
Drugs used to protect against ionizing radiation. They are usually of interest for use in radiation therapy but have been considered for other, e.g. military, purposes.
Cell Death
The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability.
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Fibroblasts
Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
Whole-Body Irradiation
Irradiation of the whole body with ionizing or non-ionizing radiation. It is applicable to humans or animals but not to microorganisms.

Bystander effects caused by nonuniform distributions of DNA-incorporated (125)I. (1/402)

A three-dimensional tissue culture model was used to investigate the biological effects of nonuniform distributions of DNA-incorporated (125)I in mammalian cells. Chinese hamster V79 cells were labeled with (125)I-iododeoxyuridine, mixed with unlabeled cells, and multicellular clusters ( approximately 1.7 mm in diameter) were formed by gentle centrifugation. The highly localized energy deposition caused by (125)I decays results in very high equivalent doses delivered to the labeled cells and low equivalent doses delivered to the unlabeled cells. The clusters were assembled and then maintained at 10.5 degrees C for 72 h to allow (125)I decays to accumulate, dismantled, and the cells were plated for colony formation. When 100% of the cells were labeled, the survival fraction was exponentially dependent on the mean radioactivity per labeled cell. A two-component exponential response was observed when either 50 or 10% of the cells were labeled. These experimental data, coupled with theoretical dosimetry calculations, indicate that bystander effects play an important role in the killing of unlabeled cells when nonuniform distributions of DNA-incorporated (125)I are present.  (+info)

Neonatal exposure to antigen primes the immune system to develop responses in various lymphoid organs and promotes bystander regulation of diverse T cell specificities. (2/402)

Neonatal exposure to Ag has always been considered suppressive for immunity. Recent investigations, however, indicated that the neonatal immune system could be guided to develop immunity. For instance, delivery of a proteolipid protein (PLP) peptide on Ig boosts the neonatal immune system to develop responses upon challenge with the PLP peptide later. Accordingly, mice given Ig-PLP at birth and challenged with the PLP peptide as adults developed proliferative T cells in the lymph node that produced IL-4 instead of the usual Th1 cytokines. However, the spleen was unresponsive unless IL-12 was provided. Herein, we wished to determine whether such a neonatal response is intrinsic to the PLP peptide or could develop with an unrelated myelin peptide as well as whether the T cell deviation is able to confer resistance to autoimmunity involving diverse T cell specificities. Accordingly, the amino acid sequence 87-99 of myelin basic protein was expressed on the same Ig backbone, and the resulting Ig-myelin basic protein chimera was tested for induction of neonatal immunity and protection against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Surprisingly, the results indicated that immunity developed in the lymph node and spleen, with deviation of T cells occurring in both organs. More striking, the splenic T cells produced IL-10 in addition to IL-4, providing an environment that facilitated bystander deviation of responses to unrelated epitopes and promoted protection against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis involving diverse T cell specificities. Thus, neonatal exposure to Ag can prime responses in various organs and sustain regulatory functions effective against diverse autoreactive T cells.  (+info)

In vivo gene therapy for colon cancer using adenovirus-mediated, transfer of the fusion gene cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase. (3/402)

Virus-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (VDEPT) utilising cytosine deaminase (CD) converts 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) into the chemotherapy agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and has entered into a clinical trial for metastatic colon cancer. To improve this system, a replication-deficient adenovirus, containing a bifunctional fusion gene, CD:uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT), was constructed (AdCDUPRT). UPRT enhances the conversion of 5-FU into its active metabolites, which inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis. In vitro, AdCDUPRT infection of colon cancer cells resulted in a marked increase in sensitisation to 5-FU, compared with AdCD-infected or uninfected cells. The corollary is a approximately 100-fold and approximately 10 000-fold increase in sensitisation to 5-FC in AdCDUPRT-infected cells, compared to AdCD-infected and uninfected cells, respectively. There was a strong bystander effect in vitro, 70% of tumour cells were killed by 5-FC when only 10% of cells expressed CDUPRT. In vivo, athymic mice with colon cancer xenografts treated with intratumoral AdCDUPRT and intraperitoneal 5-FC, significantly reduced tumour growth rates compared with untreated controls (P = 0.02), whereas AdCD/5-FC treated mice did not. At higher AdCDUPRT virus doses, 5-FC and 5-FU were equally effective at delaying tumour growth compared with controls. In summary, VDEPT for colon cancer utilising AdCDUPRT is more effective than AdCD and the bifunctional CDUPRT gene enables the use of either 5-FC or 5-FU as prodrugs.  (+info)

Inflammatory-type responses after exposure to ionizing radiation in vivo: a mechanism for radiation-induced bystander effects? (4/402)

Haemopoietic tissues exposed to ionizing radiation are shown to exhibit increased macrophage activation, defined by ultrastructural characteristics and increased lysosomal and nitric oxide synthase enzyme activities. Macrophage activation post-irradiation was also associated with enhanced respiratory burst activities and an unexpected neutrophil infiltration. Examination of p53-null mice demonstrated that macrophage activation and neutrophil infiltration were not direct effects of irradiation, but were a consequence of the recognition and clearance of radiation-induced apoptotic cells. Increased phagocytic cell activity was maintained after apoptotic bodies had been removed. These findings demonstrate that, contrary to expectation, recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells after exposure to radiation produces both a persistent macrophage activation and an inflammatory-type response. We also demonstrate a complexity of macrophage activation following radiation that is genotype dependent, indicating that the in vivo macrophage responses to radiation damage are genetically modified processes. These short-term responses of macrophages to radiation-induced apoptosis and their genetic modification are likely to be important determinants of the longer-term consequences of radiation exposure. Furthermore, in addition to any effects attributable to immediate radiation-induced damage, our findings provide a mechanism for the production of damage via a 'bystander' effect which may contribute to radiation-induced genomic instability and leukaemogenesis.  (+info)

Local inflammation and devascularization--in vivo mechanisms of the "bystander effect" in VPC-mediated HSV-Tk/GCV gene therapy for human malignant glioma. (5/402)

Somatic gene therapy with the herpes simplex virus type I thymidine kinase gene/ganciclovir (HSV-Tk/GCV) system and murine retroviral vector producer cells (VPCs) was introduced as a new adjuvant treatment modality to treat tumor bulk and to prevent tumor recurrence in patients harboring malignant glioma. The single-center experience after treatment of 27 patients undergoing tumor resection followed by intracerebral VPC injection for HSV-Tk suicide gene therapy will be presented focused on findings of systematic and close MRI follow-up and a few histological specimens. The data indicate that hemorrhagic necrosis due to endothelial cell transfection mediated vessel necrosis and that local inflammatory immune response occurs frequently after gene therapy. These phenomena seem to be specific because none of the patients of a control group showed any similar features. The prognosis (time to progression, survival) of the patients with "bystander effects" after gene therapy was better, but compared to those patients without bystander effects, they were also privileged by a favorable constellation of prognostic factors. Therefore, the appearance of these neuroradiologic features cannot serve as an indicator for treatment effectiveness and outcome.  (+info)

Indirect IL-4 pathway in type 1 immunity. (6/402)

Recall Ag-specific IL-4 was detected in the spleen and in the blood, but not in lymph nodes of mice in which polarized type 1 immunity was induced. This IL-4 was not produced by T cells, but soluble factors secreted by the recall Ag-activated T cells, including IL-3, triggered cells of the innate immune system, primarily mast cells, to secrete IL-4. This notion has profound implications for immunodiagnostics: the detection of apparently recall Ag-specific IL-4 does not necessarily reflect the presence of Th2 or Th0 memory T cells with long-term cytokine commitment as is of interest for assessing adoptive immunity. We found that in vivo the indirect IL-4 pathway did not suffice to trigger IgE isotype switching, but promoted IgG1 production and inhibited type 1 T cell differentiation. Therefore, the indirect IL-4 pathway can explain partial type 2 immune response phenotypes in vivo in face of unipolar Th1 T cell immunity. The representation of mast cells in different tissues may explain why immune responses in certain organs are more type 2 biased. Therefore, the indirect pathway of IL-4 production represents a novel type of interaction between the innate and the adoptive immune system that can contribute to the outcome of host defense and immune pathology.  (+info)

Characteristics of ovarian cancer cells transduced by the bicistronic retroviral vector containing GM-CSF and HSV-TK genes. (7/402)

OBJECTIVES: To explore whether HSV-TK (herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase) and GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) genes could be linked by internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in one retroviral vector and expressed by ovarian cancer cells following transfection, and to observe the characteristics of the transduced cells. METHODS: Retroviral vector pLGM-I-TK was constructed by linking the HSV-TK gene and GM-CSF gene with the IRES sequence. By using the "ping-pong" technique, pLGM-I-TK was transfected into the packaging cell line, PA317, to produce a PA317/TK-GM cell line. Using the resulting viral supernatant to infect the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3, PCR and RT-PCR were used to explore the integration and transcription of HSV-TK and GM-CSF genes. The cytotoxicity of GCV (gancyclovir) on SKOV3/TK-GM was determined by MTT assay and the bystander effect of the HSV-TK/GCV system was also assessed. ELISA was used to measure the expression of GM-CSF by the transgene cells. RESULTS: The bicistronic retroviral vector constructed could be successfully transduced into PA317 and the titer of the retroviral vector was about 8.6 x 10(5) cfu/ml. PCR and RT-PCR demonstrated the successful integration and transcription of HSV-TK and GM-CSF genes transduced into the SKOV3 cell. SKOV3/TK-GM cells could be killed by GCV, and the IC50 was 0.7 microgram/ml. The bystander effect was demonstrated. The expression level of GM-CSF in SKOV3/TK-GM was 60.4 ng.ml-1 x 10(6) cells-1 x 2 days-1. CONCLUSION: The IRES sequence can be used to construct retroviral vectors to facilitate co-transfection of two genes. SKOV3/TK-GM cells can simultaneously express the HSV-TK and GM-CSF genes with biological activities which could be useful for enhancing the function of immune cells on the basis of suicide gene therapy.  (+info)

Sensitization of prostate cancer cell lines to 5-fluorocytosine induced by adenoviral vector carrying a CD transcription unit. (8/402)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficiency of the cytosine deaminase adenoviral/5-fluorocytosine system on prostate cancer cell lines. METHODS: We used cell culture, infectivity and sensitivity tests, to observe bystander effect by animal tests. RESULTS: Established prostate cancer cell lines are eventually infectible by adenoviral vector. The ratio of vector/cell at which infection occurs depends on the specific cell line. The peak of expression of the transferred cytosine deaminase gene occurred in cells at different time, but persisted beyond 11 days. These prostate cell lines are sensitized to 5-fluorocytosine by infection with adenoviral vector carrying the cytosine deaminase gene. Only 5% of the LNCap and 10% of the RM-1 cells were infected and produced 100% cell death. In the animal test, there was significant inhibition of tumor growth at a ratio of 400 vector particles/cell with the systematic treatment of 5-fluorocytosine. CONCLUSIONS: Adenoviral vector carrying a cytosine deaminase transcription unit can sensitize prostate cancer cell lines to 5-fluorocytosine. The system can significantly inhibit the growth of prostatic tumors in mice.  (+info)

Long-Term consequences of radiation-induced bystander effects depend on radiation quality and dose and correlate with oxidative...Long-Term consequences of radiation-induced bystander effects depend on radiation quality and dose and correlate with oxidative...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Long-Term consequences of radiation-induced bystander effects depend on radiation quality and dose and correlate with oxidative stress. AU - Buonanno, Manuela. AU - De Toledo, Sonia M.. AU - Pain, Debkumar. AU - Azzam, Edouard I.. PY - 2011/4. Y1 - 2011/4. N2 - Widespread evidence indicates that exposure of cell populations to ionizing radiation results in significant biological changes in both the irradiated and nonirradiated bystander cells in the population. We investigated the role of radiation quality, or linear energy transfer (LET), and radiation dose in the propagation of stressful effects in the progeny of bystander cells. Confluent normal human cell cultures were exposed to low or high doses of 1GeV/u iron ions (LET ∼151 keV/μ m), 600 MeV/u silicon ions (LET ∼51 keV/μ m), or 1 GeV protons (LET ∼0.2 keV/μ m). Within minutes after irradiation, the cells were trypsinized and co-cultured with nonirradiated cells for 5 h. During this time, irradiated and ...
https://www.researchwithrutgers.com/en/publications/long-term-consequences-of-radiation-induced-bystander-effects-dep
Role of TGF-beta1 and nitric oxide in the bystander response of irradiated glioma cells.<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Role of TGF-beta1 and nitric oxide in the bystander response of irradiated glioma cells.. AU - Shao, C.. AU - Folkard, M.. AU - Prise, Kevin. PY - 2008/1/17. Y1 - 2008/1/17. N2 - The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) increases the probability of cellular response and therefore has important implications for cancer risk assessment following low-dose irradiation and for the likelihood of secondary cancers after radiotherapy. However, our knowledge of bystander signaling factors, especially those having long half-lives, is still limited. The present study found that, when a fraction of cells within a glioblastoma population were individually irradiated with helium ions from a particle microbeam, the yield of micronuclei (MN) in the nontargeted cells was increased, but these bystander MN were eliminated by treating the cells with either aminoguanidine (an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase) or anti-transforming growth factor beta1 (anti-TGF-beta1), indicating ...
https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/role-of-tgf-beta1-and-nitric-oxide-in-the-bystander-response-of-i
Expression profiles are different in carbon ion-irradiated normal human fibroblasts and their bystander cells | Read by QxMDExpression profiles are different in carbon ion-irradiated normal human fibroblasts and their bystander cells | Read by QxMD
Evidence has accumulated that ionizing radiation induces biological effects in non-irradiated bystander cells having received signals from directly irradiated cells; however, energetic heavy ion-induced bystander response is incompletely characterized. Here we performed microarray analysis of irradiated and bystander fibroblasts in confluent cultures. To see the effects in bystander cells, each of 1, 5 and 25 sites was targeted with 10 particles of carbon ions (18.3 MeV/u, 103 keV/microm) using microbeams, where particles traversed 0.00026, 0.0013 and 0.0066% of cells, respectively. diated cells, cultures were exposed to 10% survival dose (D), 0.1D and 0.01D of corresponding broadbeams (108 keV/microm). Irrespective of the target numbers (1, 5 or 25 sites) and the time (2 or 6h postirradiation), similar expression changes were observed in bystander cells. Among 874 probes that showed more than 1.5-fold changes in bystander cells, 25% were upregulated and the remainder downregulated. These ...
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18538798/expression-profiles-are-different-in-carbon-ion-irradiated-normal-human-fibroblasts-and-their-bystander-cells
MacSphere: Significance of Ion Induced Luminescence for Radiation Induced Bystander EffectsMacSphere: Significance of Ion Induced Luminescence for Radiation Induced Bystander Effects
p,Radiation induced bystander effects have given the cancer risk analysis a whole new paradigm. However the actual mechanism involved in producing the effects is still not clear. The basic bystander signal is assumed to be a biological signal. In this study we proposed and tried to quantify the presence of a physical signal in the form of electromagnetic radiation that can trigger a biological response in the bystander cells. In bystander effect studies where the cells are exposed to very low fluence of charged particles there could be several regions that can produce electromagnetic radiation due to the process of atomic/molecular excitations and relaxations. We focused on quantifying the number of ultraviolet photons emitted when charged particles pass through different media that have relevance to radiation biology experiments. The choice of UV photons was made due to the reason that its effects on living cells are very well documented. For this purpose we developed a system which employed ...
https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/handle/11375/14804
Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide Signaling in Bystander Cells by Kishore Kumar Jella, Roisin Moriarty et al.Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide Signaling in Bystander Cells by Kishore Kumar Jella, Roisin Moriarty et al.
It is now well accepted that radiation induced bystander effects can occur in cells exposed to media from irradiated cells. The aim of this study was to follow the bystander cells in real time following addition of media from irradiated cells and to determine the effect of inhibiting these signals. A human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT cells, was irradiated (0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 Gy) with γ irradiation, conditioned medium was harvested after one hour and added to recipient bystander cells. Reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, Glutathione levels, caspase activation, cytotoxicity and cell viability was measured after the addition of irradiated cell conditioned media to bystander cells. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide levels in bystander cells treated with 0.5Gy ICCM were analysed in real time using time lapse fluorescence microscopy. The levels of reactive oxygen species were also measured in real time after the addition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase
https://arrow.tudublin.ie/radart/55/
1 item(s) tagged with bystander effect1 item(s) tagged with bystander effect
Best stories, art and poetry about bystander effect. Authors who write about bystander effect. Other Red Fez members intersted in bystander effect.
https://www.redfez.net/tag/bystander+effect
Direct and Bystander Effect on Cervix Cancer Cells (SiHa) Exposed to High Dose-Rate Gamma Radiation Sourced from Ir 192 ...Direct and Bystander Effect on Cervix Cancer Cells (SiHa) Exposed to High Dose-Rate Gamma Radiation Sourced from Ir 192 ...
Introduction: Brachytherapy is a preferred choice of radiotherapy in the treatment of sensitive tissues cancer like intestine and gonad. The treatment is expensive because of the frequent replacement of radionuclide sources. A better understanding of cell killing and the cellular responses at different dose rates, might aid in tumor cell killing with fewer doses thereby enhancing a better prognosis.. Methods: The cervix cancer cell line was irradiated with doses ranging from 2Gy-10 Gy at three different dose-rates as used in brachytherapy along with unexposed sample as control. The biological effects of different doses and dose rate of the cells was assessed by measuring its cytotoxicity,genotoxicity and clonogenic ability of exposed cells. The bystander effect was examined by co-culturing the exposed tumor cells with the unexposed normal blood lymphocyte and vice-versa. Results: A significant and dose dependent changes in cell viability (trypan blue exclusion), genotoxicity (Micronucleus assay) ...
https://www.peertechz.com/abstracts/IJRRO-1-104
A heterotypic bystander effect for tumor cell killing after adeno-associated virus/phage-mediated, vascular-targeted suicide...A heterotypic bystander effect for tumor cell killing after adeno-associated virus/phage-mediated, vascular-targeted suicide...
Tumor vascular endothelium has certain properties that render it an attractive target for cancer gene therapy, such as accessibility to circulating vectors, expression of endothelial surface receptors distinct from those of normal quiescent vasculature, and a potential amplifying effect caused by hypoxia. Ligand-directed adeno-associated virus/phage can mediate targeted HSVtk suicide gene transfer to tumor vascular endothelium in several experimental models (20, 21). However, the precise cytotoxic mechanism of such profound antitumor effects after vascular-targeted suicide gene transfer has not as yet been entirely understood. Here, we show that vascular targeted HSVtk suicide gene delivery results in efficient cell killing mediated by a heterotypic bystander effect between endothelial and parenchymal tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.. The bystander effect has initially been described as a phenomenon in homotypic cultures, in which neighboring (bystander) HSVtk-nonexpressing tumor cells were ...
http://mct.aacrjournals.org/content/8/8/2383.long
Jazzin Ribe | Danhostel Ribe
Tilbud på Jazz and Sleep på dansk. Ever since the first Jazz Festival in Ribe, Jens at Danhostel Ribe and Jazz´in Ribe have worked together to start the last day of the festival in an enjoyable way with jazz and brunch at the hostel. Latest in 2009 when Jens Chr. Kwellas kvartet plaid jazz for the brunch eaters and jazz lovers. Jazz Festival in Ribe 2010 will take place 23th, 24th. and 25th of ...
http://www.danhostel.org/tag/jazzin-ribe/
Welcome to CDC stacks | Bystander Intervention Prior to The Arrival of Emergency Medical Services: Comparing Assistance across...Welcome to CDC stacks | Bystander Intervention Prior to The Arrival of Emergency Medical Services: Comparing Assistance across...
EMS providers recorded bystander assistance 11% of the time. The logistic regression model correctly predicted bystander intervention occurrence 71.4% of the time. Bystanders were more likely to intervene when the patient was male (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.12-1.3) and if the patient was older (progressive aOR = 1.10, 1.46 age group 20-29 through age group 60-99). Bystanders were less likely to intervene in rural areas compared to urban areas (aOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.58-0.59). The highest likelihood of bystander intervention occurred in a residential institution (aOR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.85-1.86) and the lowest occurred on a street or a highway (aOR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.95-0.96). Using death as a reference group, bystanders were most likely to intervene when the patient had cardiac distress/chest pain (aOR = 11.38, 95% CI = 10.93-11.86), followed by allergic reaction (aOR = 7.63, 95% CI = 7.30-7.99), smoke inhalation (aOR = 6.65, 95% CI = 5.98-7.39), and respiration arrest/distress (aOR = 6.43, 95% CI = ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/40331
Viral and Latent Reservoir Persistence in HIV-1--Infected Patients on Therapy
Despite many years of potent antiretroviral therapy, latently infected cells and low levels of plasma virus have been found to persist in HIV-infected patients. The factors influencing this persistence and their relative contributions have not been fully elucidated and remain controversial. Here, we address these issues by developing and employing a simple, but mechanistic viral dynamics model. The model has two novel features. First, it assumes that latently infected T cells can undergo bystander proliferation without transitioning into active viral production. Second, it assumes that the rate of latent cell activation decreases with time on antiretroviral therapy due to the activation and subsequent loss of latently infected cells specific for common antigens, leaving behind cells that are successively less frequently activated. Using the model, we examined the quantitative contributions of T cell bystander proliferation, latent cell activation, and ongoing viral replication to the stability ...
http://edc-connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/25450969/viral-latent-reservoir-persistence-hiv-1-infected-patients-therapy
Temporal modelling of DNA damage repair and implications for non-targeted effects - Queens University Belfast
Powered by Pure, Scopus & Elsevier Fingerprint Engine™ © 2020 Elsevier B.V. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Log in to Pure. ...
https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/activities/temporal-modelling-of-dna-damage-repair-and-implications-for-non-
Acalabrutinib - DrugBankAcalabrutinib - DrugBank
To date, acalabrutinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of B-All, Myelofibrosis, Ovarian Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Hodgkin Lymphoma, among others. As of October 31, 2017 the FDA approved Astra Zenecas orally administered Calquence (acalabrutinib) medication as a Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adult patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) who have already received at least one prior therapy, marking the companys first entry into the treatment of blood cancers. Also known as ACP-196, acalabrutinib is also considered a second generation BTK inhibitor because it was rationally designed to be more potent and selective than ibrutinib, theoretically expected to demonstrate fewer adverse effects owing to minimized bystander effects on targets other than BTK. Nevertheless, acalabrutinib was approved under the FDAs accelerated approval pathway, which is based upon overall response rate and faciliates earlier approval of medicines that treat serious
https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB11703
Kystdirektoratet Gr Nr.1 Risk Assessment for the Wadden Sea Pilot study Ribe Dike Progress report of sub-project SP7 Workshop...Kystdirektoratet Gr Nr.1 Risk Assessment for the Wadden Sea Pilot study Ribe Dike Progress report of sub-project SP7 Workshop...
Kystdirektoratet Gr Nr.3 Location of pilot study area Ribe Dike length ca. 18,4 km protected area ha year of construction reinforcement reinforcement (flattening of outer slope) sluices (Ribe Å and Konge Å) and 2 smaller outlets
http://slideplayer.com/slide/4207097/
Cells | Free Full-Text | Dissecting the T Cell Response: Proliferation Assays vs. Cytokine Signatures by ELISPOTCells | Free Full-Text | Dissecting the T Cell Response: Proliferation Assays vs. Cytokine Signatures by ELISPOT
Chronic allograft rejection is in part mediated by host T cells that recognize allogeneic antigens on transplanted tissue. One factor that determines the outcome of a T cell response is clonal size, while another is the effector quality. Studies of alloimmune predictors of transplant graft survival have most commonly focused on only one measure of the alloimmune response. Because differing qualities and frequencies of the allospecific T cell response may provide distinctly different information we analyzed the relationship between frequency of soluble antigen and allo-antigen specific memory IFN-g secreting CD4 and CD8 T cells, their ability to secrete IL-2, and their proliferative capacity, while accounting for cognate and bystander proliferation. The results show proliferative responses primarily reflect on IL-2 production by antigen-specific T cells, and that proliferating cells in such assays entail a considerable fraction of bystander cells. On the other hand, proliferation (and IL-2 production)
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/1/2/127
dental tolerance - A genome-wide RNAi screen identifies multiple synthetic lethal interactionsdental tolerance - A genome-wide RNAi screen identifies multiple synthetic lethal interactions
We wanted to assess whether B-cell and/or T-cell reactions to collagen and thereby the course of collagen-induced arthritis could be suppressed by regulatory mechanisms associated with oral tolerance to an unrelated protein. splenocyte secretion of IFN- and IL-10 in response to BCII. Our results demonstrate that OVA-specific regulatory occasions induced by nourishing OVA, i.e. bystander suppression, decreased the severe nature of arthritis in animals immunized with OVA and BCII. Anti-BCII particular antibody replies and cytokine secretion by types 1 and 2 T helper cells had been also reduced. Keywords: bystander suppression, collagen-induced joint disease, mice, dental tolerance, Th1/Th2 cells Launch It is today more developed that intestinal contact with antigen decreases T-cell-mediated swelling and BILN 2061 specific B-cell reactions to the antigen in question. This ability of the intestinal immune system has been shown, for example, with respect to antigens such as food proteins [1] and ...
https://flora2world.com/tag/dental-tolerance/
NSVRC Engaged Bystander Interview with Jackson Katz - Part II | MVP StrategiesNSVRC Engaged Bystander Interview with Jackson Katz - Part II | MVP Strategies
Jackson: I recognize that I am using a very broad definition for bystander engagement: ANYONE who has peers, friends or colleagues, or anyone who plays a leadership role in a social group or institutional setting - which means virtually EVERYBODY. What is required is not just individual but institutional change. This is beginning to happen in the military. MVP has been doing bystander-focused prevention training in the military for 14 years, and it is exciting that now all four major branches of the U.S. military have decided to employ bystander programming system-wide to prevent sexual and domestic violence. For example, by the summer of 2012 the Air Force has mandated that all personnel at every level need to go through what theyre calling Bystander Intervention Training. This training includes examining and interrupting behaviors on an abuse continuum, and also includes elements of media literacy education.. That level of commitment represents an institutional shift. It is promising in part ...
https://www.mvpstrat.com/an-interview-with-jackson-katz-part-ii/
Paul Beatty - The Sellout May 24, 2017Paul Beatty - The Sellout May 24, 2017
Family lore has it that from ages one to four, hed tied my right hand behind my back so Id grow up to be left-handed, right-brained, and well-centered. I was eight when my father wanted to test the bystander effect as it applies to the black community. He replicated the infamous Kitty Genovese case with a prepubescent me standing in for the ill-fated Ms. Genovese, who, in 1964, was robbed, raped, and stabbed to death in the apathetic streets of New York, her plaintive Psychology 101 textbook cries for help ignored by dozens of onlookers and neighborhood residents. Hence, the bystander effect: the more people around to provide help, the less likely one is to receive help. Dad hypothesized that this didnt apply to black people, a loving race whose very survival has been dependent on helping one another in times of need. So he made me stand on the busiest intersection in the neighborhood, dollar bills bursting from my pockets, the latest and shiniest electronic gadgetry jammed into my ear ...
http://kochiread.blogspot.in/2017/05/paul-beatty-sellout-may-24-2017.html
Why Workplace Bullies Thrive: The Bystander Effect | Psychology TodayWhy Workplace Bullies Thrive: The Bystander Effect | Psychology Today
Workplace bullying has reached epidemic proportions, but often workers dont see it. Why not? Here are some reasons and some solutions to stop bullying at work.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/cutting-edge-leadership/201101/why-workplace-bullies-thrive-the-bystander-effect
Mitomycin C induces bystander killing in homogeneous and heterogeneous hepatoma cellular models | Springer for Research &...Mitomycin C induces bystander killing in homogeneous and heterogeneous hepatoma cellular models | Springer for Research &...
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide that is particularly refractory to chemotherapy. Several studies have proposed combination chemotherapy regimen...
https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1186/1476-4598-8-87
Study suggests women less likely to get CPR from bystandersStudy suggests women less likely to get CPR from bystanders
Women are less likely than men to get CPR from a bystander and more likely to die, a new study suggests, and researchers think reluctance to touch a womans chest might be one reason.
https://www.koco.com/article/study-suggests-women-less-likely-to-get-cpr-from-bystanders/13525332
Bystander interventionBystander intervention
After seeing a verbal assault on the Metro, one student took steps to deescalate the situation, and told us: Really grateful for your training!. After this class, give myself permission to speak up, I have plans of action, and feel confident to engage.. Inspiring! She makes me feel comfortable addressing scary & uncomfortable situations.. After taking the bystander intervention class, I feel a lot more confident that I could deescalate a dangerous situation.. I feel more safe and proud when I walk down the street. When I see a potentially unsafe situation up ahead, instead of just getting nervous, I can make a plan.. Its apparent that youre genuinely concerned about each student learning the techniques and becoming more confident in verbal confrontations. Its nice to be the recipient of that level of dedication.. ...
https://defendyourself.org/bystander-intervention/
Matthew 26:73 (NASB) - A little later the bystandersMatthew 26:73 (NASB) - A little later the bystanders
Matthew 26 - A little later the bystanders came up and said to Peter, Surely you too are [one] of them; for even the way you talk *gives you away.
https://www.blueletterbible.org/nasb/mat/26/73/s_955073
Plus itPlus it
In anticipation of a phase I clinical trial in GBM patients using an immunotherapeutic approach that combines Ad-Flt3L with Ad-TK+GCV, it was critical to determine the optimal cytotoxic agent to use in this approach. Therefore, we compared the efficacy and neurotoxicity of Ad-TK+GCV with Ad vectors encoding the proapoptotic cytokines TNF-α, TRAIL, and FasL. Our hypothesis was that Ad-TK+GCV would exhibit superior efficacy and safety when compared with Ads expressing proapoptotic cytokines. Because Ad-TK kills proliferating cells in the presence of GCV (37), we expected this agent to have a powerful antitumor effect due to the presence of mitotic tumor cells within GBM. Also, the bystander effect of phosphorylated GCV would amplify the cytotoxic effect of this approach (37). The highest therapeutic efficacy was indeed achieved when using Ad-TK+GCV by itself for small tumors, and in combination with Ad-Flt3L for large tumors. Although all the proapoptotic Ads certainly induced apoptosis in vitro ...
http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/15/13/4401
This Month in JNM - SNMMIThis Month in JNM - SNMMI
In January JNM: PET/MRI biomarkers in breast cancer … bystander effects of 223Ra … Mitochondria and synaptic PET biomarkers … The AQARA Principle … A discussion between Martin Pomper and Peter Choyke … PSMA-guided surgery … hybrid tracers and surgical guidance … and much more!
http://www.snmmi.org/NewsPublications/NewsDetail.aspx?ItemNumber=33237
RIBE in ŽELVERIBE in ŽELVE
Naša spletna stran uporablja piškotke. Brez njih vam ne moremo zagotoviti pravilnega delovanja in prikaza vsebine. Več o naših piškotkih ...
https://www.doget.si/doget/kategorija-izdelka/ribe-in-zelve/
Iz moje kuhinje: Knedle s šljivama-okruglice os šljivaIz moje kuhinje: Knedle s šljivama-okruglice os šljiva
LOKARDE S POVRCEM IZ PECNICE Ako vas muci przenje,pecenje ribe u stanu,ako mrzite sto vam od plave ribe/koja je zdrava,ukusna i jeftina/cije ...
http://kolaci-recepti.blogspot.com/2008/07/knedle-s-sljivama-okruglice-os-sljiva_31.html
Iz moje kuhinje: googled715bfe3b11ea06f.html.Iz moje kuhinje: googled715bfe3b11ea06f.html.
LOKARDE S POVRCEM IZ PECNICE Ako vas muci przenje,pecenje ribe u stanu,ako mrzite sto vam od plave ribe/koja je zdrava,ukusna i jeftina/cije ...
http://kolaci-recepti.blogspot.com/2008/04/googled715bfe3b11ea06fhtml_6.html
Direct link to this commentDirect link to this comment
I think the permit idea is interesting, in a sense. Its interesting in the sense of not being able to turn away, like when you see a bad car accident. Its not that the permit idea is grotesque - its grotesque that society has reached a point where thats a compromise.. It seems to me weve got a pretty good compromise already. Concerned Bystander has to make a choice - and really, its no choice at all. If you really think a child is dying in that car, you break the window, knowing two things: first, that no sane court will convict you on vandalism, etc. charges, second, that even if you would face those charges, youd do it anyway. If you dont really think a child is in danger - if youre trying to feel superior, engage in virtue-flash, etc., its pretty obvious - you dont break the window. Any Concerned Bystander who doesnt actually break into the car, but instead stands around, complaining, pesters the parents when they come back, etc. - either didnt really think the kid was in danger, ...
http://www.freerangekids.com/nj-supreme-court-to-decide-if-leaving-child-in-car-a-few-minutes-is-automatically-neglect/
Bystander / Upstander | VAWnetBystander / Upstander | VAWnet
The results displayed below have been grouped first by VAWnet Special Collections - containing our most highly valued resources - then by individual related materials. Refine your search by category, types, author and/or publisher using the options provided. Sort by date published, date added, or alphabetically. For assistance in locating a resource, use our online contact form ...
https://vawnet.org/materials/bystander-upstander?field_author_target_id&field_publisher_target_id&page=2
Transcript: The Responsibility of Bystanders | Nov 23, 2017 | TVO.orgTranscript: The Responsibility of Bystanders | Nov 23, 2017 | TVO.org
A clip plays. In the clip, a man in his twenties gropes a woman in her twenties at a party, as another man in his twenties films. The woman looks hazy and drunk. Both men turn to the camera ...
https://www.tvo.org/transcript/2471438/the-responsibility-of-bystanders
slatka aminokiselina - Masterbihslatka aminokiselina - Masterbih
Karakteristicno za Masterbih Amino Fruit Mix boile je to sto u sebi sadrze slatku aminokiselinu, ujedno i jedan od magneta za krupne ribe ...
https://masterbih.com/tag/slatka-aminokiselina/
Stone cold killer to cops: I dont give a f-, Im here and theyre not - KonnieMomentsStone cold killer to cops: I dont give a f-, Im here and theyre not - KonnieMoments
Man, 32, arrested for shooting that left three dead: I dont give a f---, Im here and theyre notCooper fatally shot two rival dealers and an elderly bystander
https://konniemoments.com/2016/04/22/stone-cold-killer-to-cops-i-dont-give-a-f-im-here-and-theyre-not/
Attrition of Bystander CD8 T Cells during Virus-Induced T-Cell and Interferon Responses | Journal of VirologyAttrition of Bystander CD8 T Cells during Virus-Induced T-Cell and Interferon Responses | Journal of Virology
We show here that CD8 T cells undergo apoptosis and decline in number in response to IFN and that non-virus-specific bystander CD8 T cells are driven to apoptosis during the T-cell response to virus infections. Apoptosis and cell loss in each of these systems were most pronounced in CD8 T cells of the memory phenotype (CD44hi). IFN-induced attrition and apoptosis of memory cells were confirmed using MHC tetramer analysis of a well-defined LCMV memory population from poly(I:C)-injected LCMV-immune mice (Fig. 4 and Table 3). An early virus-induced peak in T-cell apoptosis and attrition correlated with the peak in virus-induced IFN-α/β, and the IFN-α/β inducer poly(I:C) dramatically induced apoptosis and attrition in the memory CD8 T-cell compartment. Poly(I:C) is a very potent IFN-α/β inducer, but it also induces potentially cytotoxic cytokines like TNF alpha (44). IFN-α/β, in turn, can stimulate the synthesis of a number of other cytokines, such as IL-15 (20, 54), which is known to act on ...
https://jvi.asm.org/content/75/13/5965
Ribe | Flavours of EstoniaRibe | Flavours of Estonia
In comparison to last year, Ribe has moved upwards in terms of its place among the best restaurants in Estonia. Better still, the restaurant has regained the position that was clearly theirs. Ribe has been one of the best restaurants in Estonia for years and earned that position in every way possible.. The interpretations of Estonian cuisine delivered by the Slovakian head chef are fresh and surprising for the locals. His culinary skills are definitely among the best in Estonia. This is confirmed by his previous work experience in some of the top restaurants in the world.. Its food is just as good of a reason to visit Ribe as its wine selection. Ribe has unquestionably earned its title as the best beverage provider in Estonia. In the vestibule of the restaurant, you will find an open wine bar with a selection that always includes some beverages unavailable anywhere else in Tallinn.. body { background-color: transparent!important; }. ...
http://flavoursofestonia.com/eng/restaurants/ribe-2/
Simulation Model of Photovoltaic and Photovoltaic/Thermal Module/String Under Nonuniform Distribution of Irradiance and...Simulation Model of Photovoltaic and Photovoltaic/Thermal Module/String Under Nonuniform Distribution of Irradiance and...
The modern concepts of sustainable cities and smart grids have caused an increase in the installation of solar systems in urban and suburban areas, where, due to the presence of many obstacles or design constraints, photovoltaic (PV) modules can operate in operating conditions that are very different from the optimal ones (e.g., standard test conditions, STC). Shading and reflection are the main phenomena that cause uneven distribution of irradiance on PV cells; in turn, they create a nonuniform distribution of PV cell temperatures. The latter problem can also be caused by different ventilation regimes in various parts of the PV array. On the other hand, due to the need to exploit different solar technologies (solar thermal and photovoltaic), problems related to the availability of a useful surface can arise. In this context, there is a technology that produces heat end electrical energy at the same time, such a technology is referred to as a solar hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T). Here, the ...
http://solarenergyengineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=2580769
Sparrho | Nitric oxide-mediated bystander effect induced by heavy-ionSparrho | Nitric oxide-mediated bystander effect induced by heavy-ion
To investigate the signal factor and its function in the medium-mediated bystander effect during heavy-ion irradiation of human salivary gland (HSG) neoplastic
https://www.sparrho.com/item/nitric-oxide-mediated-bystander-effect-induced-by-heavy-ions-in-human-salivary-gland-tumour-cells/3c48e/
Induction of Bystander T Cell Proliferation by Viruses and Type I Interferon in Vivo | ScienceInduction of Bystander T Cell Proliferation by Viruses and Type I Interferon in Vivo | Science
T cell proliferation in vivo is presumed to reflect a T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated polyclonal response directed to various environmental antigens. However, the massive proliferation of T cells seen in viral infections is suggestive of a bystander reaction driven by cytokines instead of the TCR. In mice, T cell proliferation in viral infections preferentially affected the CD44hi subset of CD8+ cells and was mimicked by injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], an inducer of type I interferon (IFN I), and also by purified IFN I; such proliferation was not associated with up-regulation of CD69 or CD25 expression, which implies that TCR signaling was not involved. IFN I [poly(I:C)]-stimulated CD8+ cells survived for prolonged periods in vivo and displayed the same phenotype as did long-lived antigen-specific CD8+ cells. IFN I also potentiated the clonal expansion and survival of CD8+ cells responding to specific antigen. Production of IFN I may thus play an important role in the ...
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/272/5270/1947?ijkey=00dfa5d1196dc1b436d898c696fa4860ff35e33e&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Factors underlying the cell growth-related bystander responses to alpha particles.
Increases in cell proliferation are widely viewed as being of importance in carcinogenesis. We report that exposure of normal human lung fibroblasts to a low dose of alpha particles like those emitted by radon/radon progeny stimulates their prolifera
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Factors-underlying-cell-growth-related/10728689.html
Subject: earthworms / Publication Year: 2019 - PubAg Search ResultsSubject: earthworms / Publication Year: 2019 - PubAg Search Results
The effect of gamma radiation delivered over 24 h on the induction of bystander signals of three earthworm species exposed in vivo was investigated: A. chlorotica, A. caliginosa, and E. tetraedra. Worms were exposed to external gamma irradiation (Co-60 source) for 24 h and samples of head, body, and clitellum were dissected from exposed and control worms and placed in culture medium for 24 h at 19 ...
https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bpublication_year_rev%5D%5B%5D=7981-2019&q=%22earthworms%22&search_field=subject
A GM-CSF and CD40L bystander vaccine is effective in a murine breast c | BCTTA GM-CSF and CD40L bystander vaccine is effective in a murine breast c | BCTT
A GM-CSF and CD40L bystander vaccine is effective in a murine breast cancer model Hatem Soliman,1 Melanie Mediavilla-Varela,2 Scott J Antonia,3 1Department of Women's Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2Department of Immunology, 3Department of Thoracic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA Background: There is increasing interest in using cancer vaccines to treat breast cancer patients in the adjuvant setting to prevent recurrence in high risk situations or in combination with other immunomodulators in the advanced setting. Current peptide vaccines are limited by immunologic compatibility issues, and engineered autologous cellular vaccines are difficult to produce on a large scale. Using standardized bystander cell lines modified to secrete immune stimulating adjuvant substances can greatly enhance the ability to produce immunogenic cellular vaccines using unmodified autologous cells or allogeneic medical grade tumor cell lines as targets. We investigated the efficacy of a cellular
https://www.dovepress.com/a-gm-csf-and-cd40l-bystander-vaccine-is-effective-in-a-murine-breast-c-peer-reviewed-article-BCTT
Enterococcus faecalis induces aneuploidy and tetraploidy in colonic epithelial cells through a bystander effectEnterococcus faecalis induces aneuploidy and tetraploidy in colonic epithelial cells through a bystander effect
Intestinal commensals are potential important contributors to the etiology of sporadic colorectal cancer, but mechanisms by which bacteria can initiate tumors remain uncertain. Herein, we describe mechanisms that link Enterococcus faecalis, a bacterium known to produce extracellular superoxide, to t …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19047172/
JCI - IL-15 promotes activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 infectionJCI - IL-15 promotes activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 infection
In HIV-1-infected patients, increased numbers of circulating CD8+ T cells are linked to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Here, we identified a bystander mechanism that promotes CD8 T cell activation and expansion in untreated HIV-1-infected patients. Compared with healthy controls, untreated HIV-1-infected patients have an increased population of proliferating, granzyme B+, CD8+ T cells in circulation. Vβ expression and deep sequencing of CDR3 revealed that in untreated HIV-1 infection, cycling memory CD8 T cells possess a broad T cell repertoire that reflects the repertoire of the resting population. This suggests that cycling is driven by bystander activation, rather than specific antigen exposure. Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with IL-15 induced a cycling, granzyme B+ phenotype in CD8+ T cells. Moreover, elevated IL-15 expression in the lymph nodes of untreated HIV-1-infected patients correlated with circulating CD8+ T cell counts and was normalized in these ...
https://gczp123.com.mobile.jci.org/articles/view/85996/sd/1
JCI - IL-15 promotes activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 infectionJCI - IL-15 promotes activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 infection
In HIV-1-infected patients, increased numbers of circulating CD8+ T cells are linked to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Here, we identified a bystander mechanism that promotes CD8 T cell activation and expansion in untreated HIV-1-infected patients. Compared with healthy controls, untreated HIV-1-infected patients have an increased population of proliferating, granzyme B+, CD8+ T cells in circulation. Vβ expression and deep sequencing of CDR3 revealed that in untreated HIV-1 infection, cycling memory CD8 T cells possess a broad T cell repertoire that reflects the repertoire of the resting population. This suggests that cycling is driven by bystander activation, rather than specific antigen exposure. Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with IL-15 induced a cycling, granzyme B+ phenotype in CD8+ T cells. Moreover, elevated IL-15 expression in the lymph nodes of untreated HIV-1-infected patients correlated with circulating CD8+ T cell counts and was normalized in these ...
https://hrhjchina.com.insight.mobile.jci.org/articles/view/85996/pdf
CCR5 interaction with HIV-1 Env contributes to Env-induced depletion of CD4 T cells in vitro and in vivo | Retrovirology | Full...CCR5 interaction with HIV-1 Env contributes to Env-induced depletion of CD4 T cells in vitro and in vivo | Retrovirology | Full...
Multiple viral and host factors determine the variability in HIV-1 disease progression [17, 23-26]. Cellular tropism and receptor/co-receptor usage for viral entry are major factors influencing HIV pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, the exact mechanism of how those factors contribute to the gradual loss of CD4 T cells is still enigmatic. Bystander CD4 T cell death plays a major contribution towards AIDS progression. A recent report has revealed a mechanism for HIV-induced CD4 T cell depletion, which involves abortive non-productive HIV infection in resting CD4 T cells, followed by IFI16 activation and caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis [27-29]. Besides the abortive RT products in non-productively infected resting cells, several HIV-1 proteins have also been reported to contribute to the depletion of bystander (uninfected and non-productively infected) CD4 T cells, including the Env [4, 5, 17, 19], Vpr [30], Nef [31, 32] and Tat [33]. The Env protein is of specific interest in mediating AIDS ...
https://retrovirology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12977-016-0255-z
Commentary No. 24 - Health Effects of Low Doses of Radiation: Perspectives on Integrating Radiation Biology and Epidemiology ...Commentary No. 24 - Health Effects of Low Doses of Radiation: Perspectives on Integrating Radiation Biology and Epidemiology ...
Commentary No. 24 - Health Effects of Low Doses of Radiation: Perspectives on Integrating Radiation Biology and Epidemiology (2015 ...
http://www.ncrppublications.org/Commentaries/24
Most recent papers with the keyword Allo immunization and pregnancy | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword Allo immunization and pregnancy | Read by QxMD
Transplant recipients can be sensitized against allo-HLA antigens by previous transplantation, blood transfusion, or pregnancy. While there is growing awareness that multiple components of the immune system can act as effectors of the alloresponse, the role of infectious pathogen exposure in triggering sensitization and allograft rejection has remained a matter of much debate. Here, we describe that exposure to pathogens may enhance the immune response to allogeneic HLA antigens via different pathways. The potential role of allo-HLA cross-reactivity of virus-specific memory T cells, activation of innate immunity leading to a more efficient induction of the adaptive alloimmune response by antigen-presenting cells, and bystander activation of existing memory B cell activation will be discussed in this review ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/39971
Vladimir Badovinac | Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyVladimir Badovinac | Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Van Braeckel-Budimir, N., Martin, M. D., Hartwig, S. M., Legge, K. L., Badovinac, V. P. & Harty, J. T. (2017). Antigen Exposure History Defines CD8 T Cell Dynamics and Protection during Localized Pulmonary Infections. Frontiers in immunology, 8, 40. PMID: 28191007.. Shan, Q., Zeng, Z., Xing, S., Li, F., Hartwig, S. M., Gullicksrud, J. A., Kurup, S. P., Van Braeckel-Budimir, N., Su, Y., Martin, M. D., Varga, S. M., Taniuchi, I., Harty, J. T., Peng, W., Badovinac, V. P. & Xue, H. H. (2017). The transcription factor Runx3 guards cytotoxic CD8,sup,+,/sup, effector T cells against deviation towards follicular helper T cell lineage. Nature immunology. PMID: 28604718.. Martin, M. D., Shan, Q., Xue, H. H. & Badovinac, V. P. (2017). Time and Antigen-Stimulation History Influence Memory CD8 T Cell Bystander Responses. Frontiers in immunology, 8, 634. PMID: 28642758.. Gullicksrud, J. A., Li, F., Xing, S., Zeng, Z., Peng, W., Badovinac, V. P., Harty, J. T. & Xue, H. H. (2017). Differential Requirements for ...
https://medicine.uiowa.edu/microbiology/alumni/microbiology/node/1796
certified dental assistantcertified dental assistant
Q: What is the chest compression rate for adult CPR? A. 50/min B. 100/min C. 100-120/min D. As many as you can The basics of CPR has changed since 2010. Major changes for all rescuers, all of which are intended to simplify CPR for rescuers and improve bystander response,... Read More ...
http://www.hygienetown.com/blogs/posts/all/category/6845/certified-dental-assistant
British Journal of OphthalmologyBritish Journal of Ophthalmology
The distinction between pathogen mediated and autoaggressive inflammation is becoming increasingly blurred. Current thoughts on the mechanisms of autoimmune disease broadly fall into two camps, not necessarily mutually exclusive. The molecular mimicry theory holds that tolerant self reactive T cells which have escaped deletion in the thymus generally ignore self antigens mostly as a result of factors such as low affinity of their receptors for antigen, and it is not until they are exposed to antigens from micro-organisms which have homology to self antigens that they receive a sufficiently strong stimulus to be activated. The alternative theory of bystander activation suggests that tissue damage induced by micro-organisms releases a variety of cytokines, not always the same set, which under appropriate circumstances activate self reactive T cells which happen to be in the vicinity as they travel through the tissues. Recently, evidence in support of the latter theory has been reported in a model ...
http://bjo.bmj.com/content/82/9/987
All Things Lush UK: Smugglers Soul Solid PerfumeAll Things Lush UK: Smugglers Soul Solid Perfume
Unfortunately, despite its beautiful aroma, Smugglers Soul isnt very long-lasting. After massaging it into my wrists and neck, I found that I couldnt detect the perfume a mere fifteen minutes after it has been applied. I thought that perhaps it was one of those perfumes thats subtle on the wearer but leaves an impression on bystanders. However, neither of my flatmates were able to pick up the scent on me, even when I applied multiple helpings to my skin. ...
https://allthingslushuk.blogspot.com/2014/07/review-smugglers-soul-solid-perfume.html
OPUS Würzburg | Serial measurements of apoptotic cell numbers provide better acceptance criterion for PBMC quality than a...OPUS Würzburg | Serial measurements of apoptotic cell numbers provide better acceptance criterion for PBMC quality than a...
As soon as Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) are isolated from whole blood, some cells begin dying. The rate of apoptotic cell death is increased when PBMC are shipped, cryopreserved, or stored under suboptimal conditions. Apoptotic cells secrete cytokines that suppress inflammation while promoting phagocytosis. Increased numbers of apoptotic cells in PBMC may modulate T cell functions in antigen-triggered T cell assays. We assessed the effect of apoptotic bystander cells on a T cell ELISPOT assay by selectively inducing B cell apoptosis using α-CD20 mAbs. The presence of large numbers of apoptotic B cells did not affect T cell functionality. In contrast, when PBMC were stored under unfavorable conditions, leading to damage and apoptosis in the T cells as well as bystander cells, T cell functionality was greatly impaired. We observed that measuring the number of apoptotic cells before plating the PBMC into an ELISPOT assay did not reflect the extent of PBMC injury, but measuring apoptotic cell
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/frontdoor/index/index/searchtype/authorsearch/author/Paul+V.+Lehmann/rows/100/sortfield/title/sortorder/desc/subjectfq/ELISPOT/docId/15021/start/1
Prehranske jedi v počasnem štedilniku - Vprašanja JunePrehranske jedi v počasnem štedilniku - Vprašanja June
Jedi v počasnem štedilniku pomagajo določiti nizko kalorični meni.. Vzorčni meni za teden v tabeli:. Prigrizek: naribana korenček.. Kosilo: kuhan riž s paro.. Prigrizek: rezina sadja.. Večerja: jed iz piščanca in mešana zelenjava.. Prigrizek: jogurt in pol grenivke.. Kosilo: postrežemo parne ribe in juho.. Prigrizek: rezina črnega kruha s trdim sirom.. Večerja: postrežena z zelenjavo omleto narezano.. Prigrizek: kuhani beluši.. Kosilo: postreženo zelenjavno juho z zelenim grahom.. Čaj: mlečni smoothie.. Prigrizek: kuhana teletina.. Kosilo: juha-pire.. Prigrizek: toast s paradižnikom in sirom.. Večerja: pari zelenjava s piščančjim mesom.. Prigrizek: narezan korenček in jabolko.. Kosilo: juha z ajdo in mesne kroglice.. Čaj: pijte pomarančni sok.. Večerja: parjene ribe, narezana zelenjava.. Prigrizek: kozarec kefirja z nizko vsebnostjo maščob.. Kosilo: kuhano goveje meso z rezanjem ajde in zelenjave.. Kosilo: mlečno-banani smoothie.. Večerja: parne ribe, šparglji in ...
https://lannahealthschoolcr.com/dieticheskoe-menju-v-multivarke.php
CPR from Bystanders Linked to Higher Cardiac Arrest Survival RatesCPR from Bystanders Linked to Higher Cardiac Arrest Survival Rates
A new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association suggests that CPR given by ordinary bystanders is linked to higher survival rates among sudden cardiac arrest victims.
https://www.doctorshealthpress.com/health-news/cpr-from-bystanders-linked-to-higher-cardiac-arrest-survival-rates/
Two Novel Studies Explore Why Women Receive Less CPR from Bystanders | Sudden Cardiac Arrest FoundationTwo Novel Studies Explore Why Women Receive Less CPR from Bystanders | Sudden Cardiac Arrest Foundation
DALLAS, TX--Concerns about inappropriate contact or causing injury may help explain why bystanders are less likely to perform CPR on women - even
https://www.sca-aware.org/sca-news/two-novel-studies-explore-why-women-receive-less-cpr-from-bystanders
Association of National Initiatives to Improve Cardiac Arrest Management With Rates of Bystander Intervention and Patient...Association of National Initiatives to Improve Cardiac Arrest Management With Rates of Bystander Intervention and Patient...
To examine temporal changes in bystander resuscitation attempts and survival during a 10-year period in which several national initiatives were taken to increas
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1745678
Raw video: Bystander records portion of Langevin arrestRaw video: Bystander records portion of Langevin arrest
Bystander video, first posted to YouTube and used with permission, shows Burlington police officers and Langevin on the ground. Then one officer fires pepper spray at Michael Mazza after they say he interfered with arrest.
https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/videos/news/local/vermont/2014/11/03/18437505/
Whites Twice As Likely As Blacks To Get CPR From BystandersWhites Twice As Likely As Blacks To Get CPR From Bystanders
Researchers have found that those who suffer cardiac arrests in upper income are nearly twice as likely to get cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) than people who collapse in low-income.
http://www.medindia.net/news/whites-twice-as-likely-as-blacks-to-get-cpr-from-bystanders-109118-1.htm
Verstärkung des bystander Effektes von SuizidgentherapeutikaVerstärkung des bystander Effektes von Suizidgentherapeutika
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit einem neuartigen proteinbasierten, suizidgentherapeutischen Ansatz zur sicheren und effektiven Behandlung von soliden Tumoren. Verwendet wurden zellpermeable Fusionsproteine auf der Grundlage des bakteriellen Enzyms Cytosin Desaminase, welches spezifisch die Umsetzung der inaktive, nichttoxische Substanz (Prodroge) 5-Fluorcytosin in den hochwirksamen, stark toxischen Wirkstoff 5-Fluoruracil katalysiert. Dieser bewirkt die selektive Zerstörung von Tumorzellen. Durch die Fusion der bakteriellen Cytosin Desaminase (bCD) mit der Sequenz des Zellpermeabilität vermittelnden Peptides HBV-Translokationsmotiv (TLM) des Hepatits B-Virus (HBV) wurden zunächst zellpermeable E.coli Cytosin Desaminase Suizidfusionskonstrukte generiert. Für die bakteriell synthetisierten HBV-TLM-Fusionsproteine konnten eine Hexamerisierung sowie eine spezifische enzymatische Aktivität bei der Umsetzung von Cytosin zu Uracil als strukturelle und funktionelle Voraussetzungen für ...
https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/handle/18452/16102
Step Up Program and Humanities Troupe VideoStep Up Program and Humanities Troupe Video
The Step Up!© Program is an amazing resource for information on ways to change your thinking, change your behavior, and step up to the challenge of being an empowered bystander. Read additional Sample Scenarios and answer the question, what would you do? Check out a variety of Strategies for Effective Helping, including sample approaches and scripts to help you Step Up. View the entire Bystander Intervention Video Series. Humanities Troupe Videos:
https://www.bgsu.edu/recwell/wellness-connection/bystander-intervention-and-awareness/step-up-program-and-humanities-troupe-video.html
Some bystanders step in to help gay victim on bullying episode of ABCs What Would You Do? [video] - Metro WeeklySome bystanders step in to help gay victim on bullying episode of ABCs What Would You Do? [video] - Metro Weekly
Mike Brady, a surprise participant in ABCs undercover investigation show, What Would You Do? In this past Fridays episode, the network set up a camera to capture what would happen when three teens surrounded and taunted a fourth teen for being gay. They report that most people passed by without taking any action - one man claiming, It wasnt at a point where I thought I should jump in. Brady, however, did step in despite having only one functioning hand due to an old hit-and-run accident. (ABC / What Would You Do?). ...
http://www.metroweekly.com/2010/11/some-bystanders-step-in-to-hel/
Bringing life back into the CBD through GovHub | The Advocate - HepburnBringing life back into the CBD through GovHub | The Advocate - Hepburn
The opposite of a hero is not a villain: its a bystander. (Matt Langdon) Should not our politicians aspire to be the heroes of our nation? Yet how many are content to be bystanders when it comes to the matter of asylum seekers in detention? What a poor example they are setting for their constituents. Surely it is time for them to rebel against cruel and illegal party policies and govern from the heart. (Matt Langdon is the founder and chair of the Hero Construction Company, and creator of the Hero Round Table conferences. He is also my grandson ...
https://www.hepburnadvocate.com.au/story/5101099/bringing-life-back-into-the-cbd-through-govhub/
Program Search | APA Grad GuideProgram Search | APA Grad Guide
Program Search | APA Grad GuideProgram Search | APA Grad Guide
Remove Diversity Efforts: provides annual sexual harassment, bystander, and climate training (directly or through our institution) filter Diversity Efforts: provides annual sexual harassment, bystander, and climate training (directly or through our institution ...
https://gradguide.apaonline.org/program-search?sort=field_tuition_phd%3Afield_in_state&order=asc&f%5B0%5D=field_diversity_efforts%3Aprovides%20accommodations%20for%20faculty%20and%20guest%20speakers%20with%20disabilities&f%5B1%5D=field_diversity_efforts%3Aprovides%20annual%20sexual%20harassment%2C%20bystander%2C%20and%20climate%20training%20%28directly%20or%20through%20our%20institution%29
CBS Local host delivers EPIC shut down to foul-mouthed live TV heckler | Daily StarCBS Local host delivers EPIC shut down to foul-mouthed live TV heckler | Daily Star
WHEN a foul-mouthed bystander decided to sabotage a live TV broadcast, he hadnt counted on this presenters UNBELIEVABLE reply.
https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/latest-news/478950/TV-host-epic-shut-down-Joe-Galli-CBS-Local-2
MC CAINS HEROES . . .dont seem too heroic. | HubPagesMC CAINS HEROES . . .dont seem too heroic. | HubPages
Not being reported by the media is the rebel activity-taking place in Libya concerning blacks. It is being reported that Gaddafi is using black mercenaries to fight the rebels. Publicintelligence.org reports bystanders, including women and children...
https://hubpages.com/politics/MC-CAINS-HEROES-dont-seem-too-heroic
Helping HandsHelping Hands
When a woman falls to the ground, bystanders rush to help her to her feet, but how can a simple wardrobe change affect peoples willingness to lend a hand?. ...
http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/brain-games/videos/helping-hands/
Superman / WMG - TV TropesSuperman / WMG - TV Tropes
Supermans disguise is fueled by Refuge in Audacity Basically, to bystanders, Clark Kent is such a transparent disguise that people think its more likely …
http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/WMG/Superman
Special Lectureship | Radiology | Stanford MedicineSpecial Lectureship | Radiology | Stanford Medicine
p53 Promotes Radiation-Induced Lymphomagenesis: Explaining Henry Kaplans Non-Targeted Effort of Radiation Carcinogenesis. David Kirsch, MD, PhD. Professor & Vice Chair for Basic & Translational ...
http://med.stanford.edu/radiology/education/lectureship.html
Bystander effectBystander effect
... of the bystander effect reported that "The bystander effect was attenuated when situations were perceived as dangerous ( ... The bystander effect, or bystander apathy, is a social psychological theory that states that individuals are less likely to ... The bystander effect is not a generic consequence of increasing group size. When bystanders share group-level psychological ... "bystander effect" can be studied and analyzed in a much broader fashion. The broader view includes not just a) what bystanders ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bystander_effect
Bystander effect (radiobiology)Bystander effect (radiobiology)
Note that the bystander effect is not the same as the abscopal effect. The abscopal effect is a phenomenon where the response ... The radiation-induced bystander effect (bystander effect) is the phenomenon in which unirradiated cells exhibit irradiated ... This is also attributed to the bystander effect. The demonstration of a bystander effect in 3D human tissues and, more recently ... Mitchell SA, Marino SA, Brenner DJ, Hall EJ (July 2004). "Bystander effect and adaptive response in C3H 10T(1/2) cells". Int. J ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bystander_effect_(radiobiology)
Bystander interventionBystander intervention
Green Dot Bystander Intervention Bystander effect "Bystander Intervention". sapac.umich.edu. University of Michigan. Retrieved ... A study on bystander intervention by the University of New Hampshire showed that 38 percent of the men who saw a bystander ... Bystander intervention may also be called "bystander education", because the model is based on a system of educating trainers ... A bystander is a person who is present at an event, party, or other setting who notices a problematic situation, such as a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bystander_intervention
Cardiopulmonary resuscitationCardiopulmonary resuscitation
July 2001). "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed by bystanders does not increase adverse effects as assessed by chest ... McCormack AP, Damon SK, Eisenberg MS (March 1989). "Disagreeable physical characteristics affecting bystander CPR". Annals of ... Most bystanders are worried that they might do something wrong. On October 28, 2009, the American Heart Association and the Ad ... Bystanders more commonly administer CPR when in public than when at the person's home, although health care professionals are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_resuscitation
Attitude-behavior consistencyAttitude-behavior consistency
Observing bystander effect in a naturalistic setting results in behavior that is consistent as per the classic bystander effect ... The case of the "bystander effect"". Polish Psychological Bulletin. 47 (2): 233-235. doi:10.1515/ppb-2016-0027. Fisher, Robert ... However, if the same effect were to be done with surveys, one will get a very different results. Reports of attitudes and ... So called "below conscious awareness" is much more likely to influence an initial impression than effect change. Value-action ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude-behavior_consistency
Radiobiology evidence for protons and HZE nucleiRadiobiology evidence for protons and HZE nuclei
So-called bystander or non-targeted effects may have enormous consequences for space exploration. Non-targeted effects may lead ... Seymour, Colin B.; Mothersill, Carmel (2004). "Radiation-induced bystander effects - implications for cancer". Nature Reviews ... Tissue effects that are independent of DNA damage and that have been associated with cancer initiation or progression include ... These effects also suggest important targets for biological countermeasures that are likely to be more effective than are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiobiology_evidence_for_protons_and_HZE_nuclei
Situationism (psychology)Situationism (psychology)
Studies investigating bystander effects also support situationism. For example, in 1973, Darley and Batson conducted a study ... which is a view that both internal dispositions and external situational factors affect a person's behavior in a given ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situationism_(psychology)
M. Ahmad ChaudhryM. Ahmad Chaudhry
His research interests are micro-RNA responses to radiation exposure, radiation-induced bystander effect, cell cycle ... Chaudhry, M.A.(2006). Bystander effect: Biological endpoints and microarray analysis. Mutation Research 597:98-112. Chaudhry, M ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._Ahmad_Chaudhry
Berliner FC DynamoBerliner FC Dynamo
Also bystanders were affected. Police initially claimed they had been pelted with bottles and furnishings, but later corrected ... The regulation also affected other former East German teams including Dynamo Dresden with its eight titles, 1. FC Frankfurt ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berliner_FC_Dynamo
History of Berliner FC Dynamo (2004-present)History of Berliner FC Dynamo (2004-present)
Also bystanders were affected. The police claimed that they had been pelted with bottles and furniture, but later admitted that ... Also bystanders got in the way of the police and were harmed. The Chairman of the Economic Council Peter Meyer tried to mediate ... Coach Fijalek resigned with immediate effect on 8 September 2006. Bodo Rudwaleit initially took over the training on interim ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Berliner_FC_Dynamo_(2004–present)
Mass sexual assaultMass sexual assault
Bystander effect War rape Rape Narratives in Motion. Germany, Springer International Publishing, 2019. Editors: Gabriella ... Jacob, Cecilia (October 2016). "Children Affected by Political Violence in India". In D'Costa, Bina (ed.). Children and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_sexual_assault
Dehydroascorbic acidDehydroascorbic acid
Nualart F, Rivas C, Montecinos V, Godoy A, Guaiquil V, Golde D, Vera J (2003). "Recycling of vitamin C by a bystander effect". ... Furuya A, Uozaki M, Yamasaki H, Arakawa T, Arita M, Koyama AH (2008). "Antiviral effects of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids ... The literature contains many reports on the antiviral effects of vitamin C, and one study suggests dehydroascorbic acid has ... "Vitamin C antagonizes the cytotoxic effects of antineoplastic drugs". Cancer Research. 68 (19): 8031-8038. doi:10.1158/0008- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydroascorbic_acid
The OverstoryThe Overstory
While there, he learns about the bystander effect. Ray Brinkman and Dorothy Cazaly begin dating, but Dorothy struggles with ... She is deeply affected when her father eventually commits suicide. Adam Appich - an inquisitive boy who is fascinated with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Overstory
Hallmarks of agingHallmarks of aging
"A senescent cell bystander effect: senescence-induced senescence". Aging Cell. 11 (2): 345-349. doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012. ... It has been found that stem cell rejuvenation can reverse some of the effects of aging at the organismal level. Different ... affecting their behavior. The profile of these molecules changes as we age. One of the most prominent changes in cell signaling ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallmarks_of_aging
Gap junctionGap junction
The "bystander effect" with its connotations of the innocent bystander being killed is also mediated by gap junctions. When ... This can cause the otherwise unaffected healthy bystander cells to also die. The bystander effect is, therefore, important to ... "bystander effect": association of U-87 cell death with ganciclovir-mediated apoptosis of nearby cells and lack of effect in ... Later the bystander effect was also researched with regard to cells damaged by radiation or mechanical injury and therefore ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_junction
Compassion fadeCompassion fade
The effects of the bystander effect on compassion fade is heightened where the number of people in need of aid increases, the ... The bystander effect is the concept that people are less willing to help in the presence of other people than when they are ... Compassion fade is affected by situational factors such as the number of people available to help that in turn affects the ... Effects of compassion fade on the valuation of victim numbers is seen through the singularity effect. Research showed as more ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compassion_fade
1968 in science1968 in science
John Darley and Bibb Latané demonstrate the bystander effect. Walter Mischel publishes Personality and Assessment. January - ... Darley, J. M. & Latané, B. (1968). "Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility". Journal of Personality ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_in_science
Harold TakooshianHarold Takooshian
"Harold Takooshian on Kitty Genovese and the Bystander Effect". SoundCloud. "Armenian in New York City: A Fascinating History". ... "bystander effect" played therein. Takooshian graduated from City University of New York (CUNY) in 1979 with a PhD. At CUNY, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Takooshian
Malinda CarpenterMalinda Carpenter
Plötner, Maria; Over, Harriet; Carpenter, Malinda; Tomasello, Michael (1 April 2015). "Young Children Show the Bystander Effect ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malinda_Carpenter
Sven VoelpelSven Voelpel
Voelpel, Sven C.; Eckhoff, Robert A.; Förster, Jens (2008). "David against Goliath? Group size and bystander effects in virtual ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sven_Voelpel
Social experimentSocial experiment
"Recursive Mentalizing and Common Knowledge in the Bystander Effect". Journal of Experimental Psychology. 145 (5): 621-629. doi: ... "Recursive mentalizing and common knowledge in the bystander effect". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 145 (5): 621- ... the researchers found that bystanders also consider what they know about other bystanders and the situation before getting ... The halo effect is a well-known social psychology discovery. It is the concept that a person's overall evaluations (e.g., she ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_experiment
Somebody elses problemSomebody else's problem
Abilene paradox Buck passing Bystander effect Externality First they came ... Inattentional blindness NIMBY (Not In My Back ... where it is compared to other fictional effects such as the perception filter in Doctor Who, as well as cognitive biases such ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somebody_else's_problem
AltruismAltruism
... the Bystander effect). Greater numbers of bystanders decrease individual feelings of responsibility. However, a witness with a ... Hudson, James M.; Bruckman, Amy S. (2004). "The Bystander Effect: A Lens for Understanding Patterns of Participation". Journal ... Research also suggests that the number of bystanders witnessing distress or suffering affects the likelihood of helping ( ... They tend to help less if they see non-cooperativeness by others and this effect tend to be stronger than the opposite effect ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altruism
University of MinnesotaUniversity of Minnesota
This is done, in part, by explaining the bystander effect. The U of M also has a TXT-U emergency notification text messaging ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Minnesota
Murder of Kitty GenoveseMurder of Kitty Genovese
Philip Zimbardo on the bystander effect and the murder of Kitty Genovese". Bystander Revolution. Retrieved December 18, 2014. ... In his book, The Tipping Point (2000), Malcolm Gladwell refers to the case and the "bystander effect" as evidence of contextual ... The incident prompted inquiries into what became known as the bystander effect, or "Genovese syndrome", and the murder became a ... In his response, KSAN's Scoop Nisker mentioned the bystander effect and the Genovese story. The crime inspired singer Ruby Lynn ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Kitty_Genovese
Diffusion of responsibilityDiffusion of responsibility
... demonstrating the bystander effect. The bystander effect is a specific type of diffusion of responsibility-when people's ... Fischer, Peter (2011). "The Bystander-Effect: A Meta-Analytic Review on Bystander Intervention in Dangerous and Non-dangerous ... doi:10.1016/0022-1031(72)90069-8. Bickman, L (1971). "The effect of another bystander's ability to help on bystander ... The bystander effect occurs when multiple individuals are watching a situation unfold but do not intervene (or delay or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_of_responsibility
Xu Shoulan v. Peng YuXu Shoulan v. Peng Yu
Bystander effect Death of Wang Yue Minter, Adam (8 January 2012). "China's Infamous 'Good Samaritan' Case Gets a New Ending". ... though some have voiced concerns that the chilling effect of Peng's false narrative on bystander intervention still remains. On ... who agreed to the release of information on their case to rectify the initial chilling effect caused by Peng's false initial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu_Shoulan_v._Peng_Yu
HanwellHanwell
THE SARCASTIC BYSTANDER [affecting great distinction of speech] Thenk you, teacher. Haw haw! So long [he touches his hat with ... THE BYSTANDER. So it has. Why didn't you say so before? and us losing our time listening to your silliness. [He walks off ... Its appearance even had the effect of converting Mr Parish, who commented "I admit having said some harsh things about its ... towards the Strand]. THE SARCASTIC BYSTANDER. I can tell where you come from. You come from Anwell. Go back there. THE NOTE ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanwell
AmbiguityAmbiguity
Mason, David; Allen, Bem P. (1976). "The Bystander Effect as a Function of Ambiguity and Emergency Character". The Journal of ... With regard to the bystander effect, studies have shown that emergencies deemed ambiguous trigger the appearance of the classic ... bystander effect (wherein more witnesses decrease the likelihood of any of them helping) far more than non-ambiguous ... How he got in my pajamas, I'll never know". Songs and poetry often rely on ambiguous words for artistic effect, as in the song ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiguity
DownwindersDownwinders
Radiation-Induced Genomic Instability and Bystander Effects Clastogenic Factors and Transgenerational Effects". Radiation ... The effects of radiation on fetal formation are also particularly relevant as a women's health issue to the extent that female ... Adverse effects on a mother carrying a female fetus may therefore be multigenerational and increase both the daughter's and ... While "downwinders" refers to those who live and work closest to the explosion site and are thus most acutely affected, there ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downwinders
Terminal ballisticsTerminal ballistics
The effect of these bullets is quite dramatic, often resulting in the animal being blown apart upon impact. However, on larger ... or injury to an innocent bystander by a bullet that travels through a target's body completely instead of stopping in the body ... A desirable side effect is that the expanded bullet makes a larger hole, increasing tissue damage and speeding incapacitation. ... Terminal ballistics (also known as wound ballistics) is a sub-field of ballistics concerned with the behavior and effects of a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_ballistics
Health in BahrainHealth in Bahrain
The side effects of smoking and second-hand smoking are all bad and sessions with a counselor have helped individuals give up ... enforced strict smoking laws nearly 10 years ago in hopes to shape the health of its people and to protect the bystanders and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Bahrain
George Loraine StampaGeorge Loraine Stampa
He contributed to most of the illustrated weeklies, including The Bystander, The Humorist, The Sketch and The Tatler. Stampa ... and the landscape of Westmorland had a profound effect on him and his future career as an artist. Stampa's father became a ... In addition to Punch, Stampa was an illustrator for most of the illustrated weeklies, including The Bystander, The Humorist, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Loraine_Stampa
Lord BritishLord British
... who attacked innocent bystanders. This led to beta testers protesting both the indiscriminate killing, and the banning of the ... stated in a BBC interview that the death of Lord British in the Ultima games is something people remember and are affected by: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_British
Transport in Hong KongTransport in Hong Kong
The ride is themed, and uses multimedia effects to simulate the feeling of travelling into the depths of the sea. It was opened ... the MTR failed to restore calm to Prince Edward station as police used unneeded force towards protesters and bystanders inside ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Hong_Kong
Stonewall riotsStonewall riots
By the early 1960s, a campaign to rid New York City of gay bars was in full effect by order of Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr., who ... A bystander shouted, "Gay power!", someone began singing "We Shall Overcome" and the crowd reacted with amusement and general ... Bystanders recalled that the woman, whose identity remains unknown (Stormé DeLarverie has been identified by some, including ... The police tried to restrain some of the crowd, knocking a few people down, which incited bystanders even more. Some of those ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_riots
King David Hotel bombingKing David Hotel bombing
All available information so far is to the effect that they were Jews. Somewhere in the basement of the hotel they planted ... and 5 were bystanders. By nationality, there were 41 Arabs, 28 British citizens, 17 Jews, 2 Armenians, 1 Russian, 1 Greek and 1 ... the opposite effect that the government had intended. Speaker after speaker in the House of Commons expressed outrage. Ex-Prime ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_David_Hotel_bombing
Paulo FrancisPaulo Francis
The rest are simple bystanders". In a way, Francis' political rightward shift was an emotional rejection of the backwardness ... Such was an outward manifestation of a deeper process that affected Francis as well as other Brazilian Left intellectuals of ... Francis argued that the effects on American university education have been grim. Stanford University abolished, or made ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulo_Francis
Max Steel (2000 TV series)Max Steel (2000 TV series)
He also kept his activities as Max Steel a secret from her and this would affect dates and other commitments which made him ... After 'Berto refuses to destroy a plane, Lance lashes out, firing the Javelin's lasers at innocent bystanders. Shortly ... which affected Josh's relationship with his girlfriend Laura Chen. At one stage Rachel did kiss Max as a way of calming him ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Steel_(2000_TV_series)
United States incarceration rateUnited States incarceration rate
... relatives and bystanders." These new policies also disproportionately affect African-American women. According to Dorothy E. ... When the incarcerated or criminal is a youth, there is a significant impact on the individual and rippling effects on entire ... This had a disproportionate effect on low-level street dealers and users of crack, who were more commonly poor blacks, Latinos ... Roberts argues that the criminal justice system's creation of new crimes has a direct effect on the number of women, especially ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_incarceration_rate
Sin-Eater (character)Sin-Eater (character)
As a side-effect of the Sin-Eater's suicide, those who had their sins purged from them regain their sins and go on a rampage in ... During his escape after killing Rosenthal, he is attacked by Spider-Man and kills a bystander during the battle. When Spider- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-Eater_(character)
George Floyd protests in NebraskaGeorge Floyd protests in Nebraska
Dillard, DaLaun (October 12, 2020). "Bystander 'legally blind' from pepperball during Omaha protests, files claim against Sarpy ... protest objecting to the adverse effects of tear gas on menstruation and pregnancy. Police on horseback and in riot gear were ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Nebraska
2022 in the United States2022 in the United States
A North Dakota judge blocks the state's ban on abortion one day before it is set to go into effect. August 26 FBI search of Mar ... Three people are killed, and two others are injured before the gunman is fatally shot by a legally armed civilian bystander.[ ... The law went into effect on July 1 and is known by its critics, especially supporters of the Democratic Party, as the Don't Say ... June 15 A widespread heat wave affects at least 120 million Americans in the central and southern regions of the country with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_in_the_United_States
Responsibility for the HolocaustResponsibility for the Holocaust
This policy took effect following the Anschluß with Austria, as the Swiss government was concerned about potential Jewish ... They also claim that there were more bystander crimes than those willing to aide the Jews. Nonetheless, Polish citizens have ... When this law came into effect on 23 January 1941-signed by Tsar Boris III-Jews were also forbidden from marrying Christians, ... ISBN 0-8419-0910-5. Hilberg, Raul (1992). Perpetrators, Victims, Bystanders: The Jewish Catastrophe, 1933-1945. New York: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsibility_for_the_Holocaust
ATP6V0A2ATP6V0A2
Derks RA, Beaman KD (2005). "Regeneration and tolerance factor prevents bystander T-cell death associated with human ... Derks R, Beaman K (2005). "Regeneration and tolerance factor modulates the effect of adenosine triphosphate-induced interleukin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP6V0A2
Frank LoVecchioFrank LoVecchio
... and side effects regarding the antivenom treatment in children of particular age. LoVecchio reviewed poison center data charts ... that layperson compression-only CPR was associated with increased survival in comparison to conventional CPR and no bystander ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_LoVecchio
Empress JoséphineEmpress Joséphine
The bomb killed several bystanders and one of the carriage horses, and blew out the carriage's windows; Hortense was struck in ... and France could be seen as the reason Josephine's birthplace was left out of her birth record as it would have affected her ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Joséphine
Political psychologyPolitical psychology
Group behavior during conflict often affects the actions of an individual. The bystander effect introduced by Darley and Latane ... President Woodrow Wilson affected his decision making during World War I. Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957), inspired by the effects of ... Cohesion is affected by several factors; the amount of time members spend in the group, the amount that members like one ... Need for power affects the style in which a leader performs. Winter and Stewart (1977) suggested that leaders high in power ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_psychology
2020 Summer Paralympics2020 Summer Paralympics
The declaration was originally in effect from 12 July through 22 August 2021 (two days before the Paralympic opening ceremony ... which then descended into drunken brawls with civilian bystanders. That latter incident led the TMPD to intervene, which led to ... it was anticipated that no public spectators would be admitted during the Paralympics in Tokyo and other affected regions, as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics
The American BystanderThe American Bystander
Just a few, not enough to affect the title." Unfortunately, despite an appearance on the then-new Late Night with David ... The American Bystander, New York: The American Bystander Publishing Company, 1982. "What Happens to a Magazine Deferred". New ... The American Bystander is a quarterly humor magazine in trade paperback book format. Edited and published by Michael Gerber, it ... The Bystander is designed to provide a classic print humor magazine experience similar to that delivered by National Lampoon, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_American_Bystander
2004 Madrid train bombings2004 Madrid train bombings
The train cars affected were the sixth, fifth and fourth. A fourth device was found by the TEDAX team two hours later in the ... Bystanders and local residents helped relief workers, as hospitals were told to expect the arrival of many casualties. At 08:43 ... The wagons affected were the first, the fourth, the fifth and sixth. The train was slowing down to stop and wait for train ... The carriages affected were the fourth and fifth. Another bomb was found in the third wagon and was detonated hours later by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Madrid_train_bombings
Anti-Albanian sentimentAnti-Albanian sentiment
The most affected are people from Albania. In contrast, the number of students of Albanian descent is increasing today. In 2008 ... The protest turned violent when the mob started hurling stones and also attacking Albanian bystanders and police officers alike ... Not infrequently, the Albanian diaspora in Switzerland is affected by xenophobia and racism. Integration difficulties and some ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment
Encounter PointEncounter Point
It depicts different families that have been affected by the violence in Israel between Israelis and Palestinians. In this film ... Moynagh, Patricia (March 15, 2019). Beyond Bystanders Educational Leadership for a Humane Culture in a Globalizing Reality (1st ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encounter_Point
King Kong (2005 film)King Kong (2005 film)
It won three Academy Awards for Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing and Best Visual Effects. A tie-in video game was released ... one bystander commenting the airplanes got him. Carl makes his way through the crowd, takes one last look at Kong and says, "It ... Over the course of filming the budget went from $175 million to $207 million over additional visual effects work needed, and ... The site's critical consensus reads, "Featuring state-of-the-art special effects, terrific performances, and a majestic sense ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)
List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft before 1925List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft before 1925
Hitt was severely injured in the crash, but was rescued by bystanders. The Panama Star & Herald reported that a diver was sent ... The other machines already in the air maneuvered out of the way and effected safe landings. It was announced tonight that a ... Second such crash in three days causes all Fokker Triplanes to be grounded immediately with affected flight crew reverting ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_military_aircraft_before_1925
Muiredachs High CrossMuiredach's High Cross
He considered that since it appears on the under-side, where a bystanders can see the hand above their head, that the Hand of ... He added that acid rain and pollution from a newly opened M1 motorway would have adverse effects upon the cross. In 2008, Peter ... God was outstretched towards the bystander. The Red Hand of Ulster may be based upon a mythological motif; however, it may also ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muiredach's_High_Cross
Rodney KingRodney King
The conclusion of the report stated: "The effects of the drugs and alcohol, combined with the subject's heart condition, ... in which the antagonist Joe Vickers is beaten down by bar patrons as a bystander videotapes the scene from his apartment ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney_King
Bury My Heart at Wounded KneeBury My Heart at Wounded Knee
The book expresses details of the history of American expansionism from a point of view that is critical of its effects on the ... The consequence is a massacre of Navajo bystanders.: 14-20 The US Army General James Carleton orders the Navajos to relocate to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bury_My_Heart_at_Wounded_Knee
PatriottentijdPatriottentijd
But even those that were not affected by such downward mobility, and remained in the upper and middle classes, were affected by ... remain passive bystanders any longer. So do this! Assemble each and everyone in your cities and in the villages in the country ... These shifts had a devastating effect for the people who experienced downward social mobility and ended up in the lower strata ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriottentijd
Gas metal arc weldingGas metal arc welding
To achieve a similar effect, sometimes a constant current power source is used in combination with an arc voltage-controlled ... are often used to shield nearby workers and bystanders from exposure to the arc. Welders are often exposed to hazardous gases ... which adversely affects the mechanical properties of the weld. lts low cost makes it an attractive choice, but because of the ... can lead to brittleness in the heat affected zone. Argon-helium mixtures are extremely inert, and can be used on nonferrous ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_metal_arc_welding
Bystander Effect - huitinghau77 | PearltreesBystander Effect - huitinghau77 | Pearltrees
Active bystander tips. Related: Bystander Effect - Bystander Effect 101 - The Bystander Effect - The Bystander Effect - to help ... Bystander Effect and Ways to Counteract this Effect - The Bystander Effect - Bystander Effect - The Bystander Effect - deyaocai ... Bystander Effect - The Bystander Effect - Bystander effect and how to counteract it - What is the Bystander Effect? How do we ... Understanding the Bystander Effect - The Bystander Effect - What is bystander effect and how to counteract it? - The Bystander ...
http://www.pearltrees.com/huitinghau77/bystander-effect/id34416579
What Is the Bystander Effect and What Can You Do About It?What Is the Bystander Effect and What Can You Do About It?
Business-events professionals offer six ways organizations can help circumvent the bystander effect in the workplace. ... "bystander effect.". Today, the bystander effect has become part of the vocabulary of the Me Too movement, where people witness ... According to an article in Harvard Business Review by three researchers (convn.org/hbr-bystander), the bystander effect occurs ... What Is the Bystander Effect and What Can You Do About It? ... How can employers circumvent the bystander effect? Here are ...
https://www.pcma.org/what-is-the-bystander-effect-and-what-can-you-do-about-it/
A Senescence Bystander Effect in Human Lung Fibroblasts - UBC Library Open CollectionsA Senescence Bystander Effect in Human Lung Fibroblasts - UBC Library Open Collections
A Senescence Bystander Effect in Human Lung Fibroblasts Waters, David W.; Schuliga, Michael; Pathinayake, Prabuddha S.; Wei, ... were co-cultured and their effect on induction of senescence measured. We demonstrated that exposure of naïve non-senescent ... were co-cultured and their effect on induction of senescence measured. We demonstrated that exposure of naïve non-senescent ...
https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/facultyresearchandpublications/52383/items/1.0402500
Effects of a Rape Awareness Program on College Women: Increasing Bystander Efficacy and Willingness to Intervene | Office of...Effects of a Rape Awareness Program on College Women: Increasing Bystander Efficacy and Willingness to Intervene | Office of...
Effects of a Rape Awareness Program on College Women: Increasing Bystander Efficacy and Willingness to Intervene. ... After seeing The Womens Program, participants reported significantly greater bystander efficacy and significantly greater ... program on 279 college women who were instructed in the characteristics of male perpetrators of sexual assault and bystander ...
https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/effects-rape-awareness-program-college-women-increasing-bystander
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Performed by Bystanders Does Not Increase Adverse Effects as Assessed by Chest Radiography |...Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Performed by Bystanders Does Not Increase Adverse Effects as Assessed by Chest Radiography |...
Radiologically evaluated adverse effects were compared with Mann-Whitney U-tests between patients who received bystander basic ... Important adverse effects of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are well known. We describe the number of nonmedical ... The incidence of adverse effects associated with assisted-ventilation maneuvers and external chest compressions did not differ ... life support (Bystander group) and patients who did not receive bystander basic life support before advanced life support was ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cardiopulmonary-Resuscitation-Performed-by-Does-Not-Oschatz-Wunderbaldinger/c85163cb667879ed8e0c7f4d053ed0b0c4c43e3a
bystander effect - Mommyish
All posts tagged "bystander effect". * Frances Locke , June 28, 2014 Brave Toddler Defends Mom Against Savage Beating While ... Toddler defends mom against a brutal attack caught on film, while cowardly bystanders do nothing. ... Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. ... Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. ...
https://mommyish.com/tag/bystander-effect/
Mechanism of Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects: A Unifying Model | Academic CommonsMechanism of Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects: A Unifying Model | Academic Commons
Although radiation-induced bystander effects have been well documented in a variety of biological systems, the mechanism is not ... The bystander observations imply that the relevant target for various radiobiological endpoints is larger than an individual ... It is likely that multiple pathways are involved in the bystander phenomenon, and different cell types respond differently to ... A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the bystander phenomenon, together with evidence of their ...
https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8WD3ZWM
Bystander InterventionBystander Intervention
Bystander effect. Research in psychology shows that the more people present, the less likely people are to help in an emergency ... Bystander Intervention > Bystander Intervention. This video shows a fictional scenario leading up to a rape. It does not show ... Bystander intervention. Bystander intervention involves intervening before, during or after a situation where we witness ... We need to actively choose to overcome the bystander effect and intervene when we witness unhealthy behaviours, comments or ...
https://www.canterbury.ac.nz/support/health/sexual-harm/bystander-intervention/
An exploratory examination of the bystander effect in cyberbullyingAn exploratory examination of the bystander effect in cyberbullying
... found evidence for an implicit bystander effect, the idea that people can experience the bystander effect in the physical ... the idea of the implicit bystander effect could mean that online bystanders could aid cyberbully victims much like bystanders ... The current research investigated the bystander process in order to ascertain if the bystander effect and the associated ... seen in real-world bystander effect literature in which bystanders are less likely to intervene when there are more bystanders ...
https://scholarworks.unr.edu/handle/11714/2551
Masculinity and Bystander Attitudes: Moderating Effects of Masculine Gender Role StressMasculinity and Bystander Attitudes: Moderating Effects of Masculine Gender Role Stress
Who Will be a Bystander? An Exploratory Study of First-Person Perception Effects on Campus Bystander Behavioral Intentions Cite ... Title : Who Will be a Bystander? An Exploratory Study of First-Person Perception Effects on Campus Bystander Behavioral ... Title : Masculinity and Bystander Attitudes: Moderating Effects of Masculine Gender Role Stress Personal Author(s) : Leone, ... Bystander Intervention Masculine Gender Role Stress Sex Roles Sexual Aggression Traditional Masculinity ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/52937
bystander effect news articles 2020bystander effect news articles 2020
... Posted on December 19, 2020. by Bystander effect is truly terrifying," she said. "Its ... To investigate whether the classic bystander effect is unique to humans, the effect of bystanders on rat helping was studied. ... the effect of bystanders on rat helping was studied culture do 2020 ) otherwise... Black people the `` bystander effect news ... cameras can actually reverse the bystander effect. But if that murder has prevented Bystander Effect or Diffusion of ...
http://palomanegrastudios.com/stop-limit-ccfeprb/3a407f-bystander-effect-news-articles-2020
NATO Bystander Effect | Paddock PostNATO Bystander Effect | Paddock Post
Posts about NATO Bystander Effect written by Anne Paddock ... The Bystander Effect is Alive and Well. The first time I heard ... "bystander effect," I was a child listening to adults talk about the Kitty Genovese murder in Queens, New York. Apparently ... be destroyed in what could be collectively called the NATO Bystander Effect: 30 countries afraid to really help out of fear of ... bystanders heard the screams for help of 28-year old Kitty Genovese as she was being stabbed to death outside her apartment ...
https://paddockpost.com/tag/nato-bystander-effect/
The Bystander Effect - The QuadThe Bystander Effect - The Quad
"Recognize situations where the bystander effect may be present and be aware of them. Realize that we are all bystanders. By ... The Bystander Effect. 2 years ago. 2 years ago. 0 Comments5464 Mins Read ... Below are some tips by Albert.io regarding some ways you can help to counter the bystander effect:. *" ... While there were many psychological influences that promoted the bystander effect and caused the attack on Genovese to be so ...
http://shpquad.org/archives/548855
Kitty Genovese and The Bystander Effect
In this episode Trevor and Alison discuss Kitty Genovese and the bystander effect.Sources:WashingtonPost.comTheNewYorker. ... In this episode Trevor and Alison discuss Kitty Genovese and the bystander effect.. Sources:. WashingtonPost.com. TheNewYorker. ... In this episode Trevor and Alison discuss Kitty Genovese and the bystander effect.. Sources:. WashingtonPost.com. TheNewYorker. ... Kitty Genovese and The Bystander Effect. October 14, 2021 Season 1 Episode 46 ...
https://www.thisisawfulpod.com/1435477/9366441-kitty-genovese-and-the-bystander-effect
NFFTY-Laurel-Black-Transparent - Bystander EffectNFFTY-Laurel-Black-Transparent - Bystander Effect
Want to make your city safer? Dont be a passive bystander! - Citizen MattersWant to make your city safer? Don't be a passive bystander! - Citizen Matters
The Bystander Effect. This appalling sense of apathy among onlookers has actually been given a name. It is called the ... As it doesnt affect them at a personal level, a bystander has the ability to choose between lunging forward or staying away. ... BYSTANDER INTERVENTION. Bystanders in a road accident Wikipedia As wintry Bangalore closed in on her, Sheila (name changed) ... Want to make your city safer? Dont be a passive bystander!. Want to make your city safer? Dont be a passive bystander!. April ...
https://citizenmatters.in/want-to-make-your-city-safer-dont-be-a-passive-bystander-6182
What is bystander effect in psychology? - Durrell2012.comWhat is bystander effect in psychology? - Durrell2012.com
What is bystander effect with example?. The bystander effect occurs when bystanders do not intervene when watching someone be ... What is another term for bystander effect?. The bystander effect, also called bystander apathy, is a term in psychology that ... Is the bystander effect real?. The bystander effect is real - but research shows that when more people witness violence, its ... What is bystander effect in psychology?. bystander effect, the inhibiting influence of the presence of others on a persons ...
https://durrell2012.com/what-is-bystander-effect-in-psychology/
Beating the Bystander Effect: Part II - .small stones.Beating the Bystander Effect: Part II - .small stones.
Beating the Bystander Effect: Part II. For older kids and adult students, The Atlantics City Lab has a six-step guide for ... Categories College, Taking ActionTags bystander effect, take action, The Atlantic, united for intercultural action One thought ... "Beating the Bystander Effect: Part II" * Pingback: Small Stones: A Recap - .small stones. ...
https://smallstones.org/2016/11/23/beating-the-bystander-effect-part-ii/
Reluctance to Help Others Known as Bystander EffectReluctance to Help Others Known as Bystander Effect
Known as the "bystander effect", this unwillingness to help a fellow human being, even teens, in distress is common place. The ... According to the Red Cross, the bystander effect usually occurs when there are a lot of people around because people tend to ... The good news is that this moms post brings attention to the bystander effect and awareness will increase the likelihood that ... The Canadian Red Cross includes the bystander effect in its first aid curriculum. The expectation is that by discussing this ...
https://safetycoursesforkids.com/blog/overcoming-the-bystander-effect/
Man on parole arrested for attack on Asian woman in NYCMan on parole arrested for attack on Asian woman in NYC
What is the bystander effect?. A video that shows a man punching an Asian passenger on a Manhattan-bound J train is stunning ... due to the brutality of the attack and the lack of action on the part of bystanders. ...
https://www.ktvu.com/news/man-on-parole-arrested-for-anti-asian-attack-on-woman-in-manhattan
The great illusion of the self | Manual Landing PagesThe great illusion of the self | Manual Landing Pages
Bystander effect: Famous psychology result could be completely wrong. A famous result in psychology says that people fail to ...
https://www.newscientist.com/round-up/self/
Combatting the bystander effect - Graham Goulden Cultivating Minds UKCombatting the bystander effect - Graham Goulden Cultivating Minds UK
I talk a lot in my day to day work about the bystander effect. The more I talk about this psychological phenomenon, the more ... Combatting the bystander effect. May 24, 2018. ggoulden I talk a lot in my day to day work about the bystander effect. The more ... This is the bystander effect.. As I mention above every one of us possesses the ability to help others. By understanding the ... Being aware of the bystander effect can make us more sensitive to and more aware of unusual situations. In many ways this ...
https://grahamgoulden.com/2018/05/24/combatting-the-bystander-effect/
Helping Behaviour and the Bystander Effect | Health Med NewsHelping Behaviour and the Bystander Effect | Health Med News
Helping Behaviour and the Bystander Effect. Posted on : October 27, 2020 By Health Med ... Two possible psychological explanations proposed to explain the bystander effect are diffusion of responsibility among ... then the number of people providing help will be less when non-helping bystanders are present than when no bystanders are ... The bystander needs to decide on the appropriate helping response, but may not believe themselves to be competent to do so. ...
http://www.health-med-news.com/helping-behaviour-and-the-bystander-effect/
Security Awareness and the Bystander Effect - The Risk Dr ®Security Awareness and the Bystander Effect - The Risk Dr ®
I did this through the application of some concepts from the bystander effect.… ... Security Awareness and the Bystander Effect. Posted byJack Freund. 19 June 2018. 17 June 2018. Posted [email protected], awareness, ... 2 thoughts on "Security Awareness and the Bystander Effect" * Osama Salah says: ... I did this through the application of some concepts from the bystander effect. ...
https://riskdr.com/2018/06/19/security-awareness-and-the-bystander-effect/
Dont be a bystander to mass famineDon't be a bystander to mass famine
The report was later shown to be erroneous, but the bystander effect is real. As many psychology experiments have shown, an ... Whatever you feel you would have done had you been present, a far bigger bystander effect is playing out right now. In this ... The report was later shown to be erroneous, but the bystander effect is real. As many psychology experiments have shown, an ... There are two important ways in which you can avoid being a bystander to the avoidable deaths of millions in the coming months. ...
https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2369473/
S-EPMC3655549 - Examining the contextual effects of neighborhood on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and the provision of...
Results 279 (25%) cardiac arrest victims received bystander CPR. Provision of bystander CPR was significantly more common in ... Conclusion Cardiac arrest victims in the highest income census tracts were much more likely to receive bystander CPR than in ... We conducted multi-level non-linear regression analysis and derived Empirical Bayes estimates for bystander CPR by census tract ... Other individual-level characteristics were not significantly associated with bystander CPR. Cardiac arrests in the census ...
https://www.omicsdi.org/dataset/biostudies/S-EPMC3655549
Teaching Bystander in the classroomTeaching Bystander in the classroom
... , Teaching tips Bystander, the bystander effect, Thoughts of Bullying, Virginia Readers ... Bystander bullying, Bystander One School One Book, Bystander Preller, Bystander Teaching Guide, Columbine bullying, Dr. Milgram ... The Bystander Effect - this strikes me as such a crucial idea, really the key to overcoming the bystander, do-nothing mentality ... Category: Bullying, Bystander, Fan Mail, Uncategorized / Tags: Preller Bystander, Preller Fan Mail, Stories help us build ...
http://www.jamespreller.com/tag/teaching-bystander-in-the-classroom/
The Bystander Effect - You Can Break the Cycle - because I said I would.The Bystander Effect - You Can Break the Cycle - because I said I would.
Explain how human nature plays a part in the Bystander Effect.. Did you enjoy this video?. We are able to make content like ... What are some ways that you can be prepared to help others and overcome the Bystander Effect? Maybe now is the time to learn a ... Hortensius R, de Gelder B. From Empathy to Apathy: The Bystander Effect Revisited. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2018;27(4):249-256. ... tactics to combat the bystander effect.. Watch the video and then use these questions to get a deeper understanding of the ...
https://becauseisaidiwould.org/the-bystander-effect-you-can-break-the-cycle/
HIV Infection and AIDS: Practice Essentials, Background, PathophysiologyHIV Infection and AIDS: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Direct cytotoxic effects of viral replication likely are not the primary cause of CD4 T-cell loss; a significant bystander ... Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in patients with HIV. N Engl J Med. 2007 Dec 6. 357(23):2359-70. [QxMD ... The effect of HIV infection and HAART on inflammatory biomarkers in a population-based cohort of women. AIDS. 2011 Sep 24. 25( ... Effects of long-term seropositivity to human immunodeficiency virus in a cohort of homosexual men. AIDS. 1987 Jul. 1(2):77-82. ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/211316-6038/what-is-the-relationship-between-t-cell-loss-and-how-hiv-progresses-to-aids
Junk Ensemble | The Bystander | Dance at Project Arts Centre, DublinJunk Ensemble | The Bystander | Dance at Project Arts Centre, Dublin
... bystander effect phenomenon of the murder of Kitty Genovese. ... Inspired by the bystander effect phenomenon of the murder of ... Performed by internationally acclaimed performers and drawing on the expertise of a sociologist, The Bystander gets under the ...
https://projectartscentre.ie/event/the-bystander/
InterventionInterveneKitty GenoveseTerm bystander effectPresence of bystandersPassive bystanderCardiopulmonary resuscitationDarleyIMSEAR at SEAROPhenomenonDiffusionInnocentOvercomeMitogen-activaApathyVictimsPsychologyBehavioursOpioidsIonizing radiationOccursWitnessesPsychologicalExposureCoworkersInhibitionSituationsWitnessOHCAAEDsIndifferentIncidentsSignificantlyAttitudes2020VictimMAPKRefersRealizeWillingness to provideMechanismsEfficacyCardiac arrestPresentEpisodesCharacteristicsEstimatingAdverseMechanismResearchersViolentResponsesStudyInfluenceInvestigatePerson'sAwarenessInductionExplainClimateTendencyFactors
Intervention14
  • Bystander intervention Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. (pearltrees.com)
  • Bystander Intervention. (pearltrees.com)
  • This study evaluated the efficacy of a sexual assault risk-reduction program on 279 college women who were instructed in the characteristics of male perpetrators of sexual assault and bystander intervention techniques. (ojp.gov)
  • Bystander intervention involves intervening before, during or after a situation where we witness inappropriate behaviours. (canterbury.ac.nz)
  • Bystander intervention fosters a safe environment by challenging unhelpful norms and beliefs within your community groups and interrupting unsafe situations. (canterbury.ac.nz)
  • For more bystander intervention information, see Bodysafe . (canterbury.ac.nz)
  • There was no main effect found for personal intervention between high and low bystander frames, but an interesting trend emerged regarding intervention. (unr.edu)
  • As far as attributions, there were no significant effects found for any of the situational attributions but a significant effect found for one personal attribution 'bullies are always bullies' was related to lower levels of intervention and suggests that personal attributions that bystanders make about the people involved in a bullying situation can impact their decisions about intervention. (unr.edu)
  • If you haven't flown out for Christmas, Silent Barn is also offering a bystander intervention and de-escalation workshop on Dec. 23 at 7pm to pass along "a series of tools that can be consciously employed to defuse volatile situations. (brokelyn.com)
  • In this interactive workshop, bystander intervention and de-escalation will be presented in the context of self-defense and harm reduction. (brokelyn.com)
  • Students will also learn the four Ds of bystander intervention - direct, distract, delay, and delegate. (brokelyn.com)
  • We postulated two opposing hypotheses: first, helping decreases after ostracism, even when intervention is already less likely due to bystander presence. (utwente.nl)
  • 1530 words - 7 pages Critique the way in which social psychology has studied and theorised bystander intervention I am from India, and I have witnessed a significant number of cases where people have just stood around accidents and none of them even cared to call an ambulance or other emergency services. (ostatic.com)
  • Whatever reasons stand in your way, the most important thing is to be aware of your blocks before choosing one of "The Five Ds of Bystander Intervention" that works for you. (splcenter.org)
Intervene10
  • We need to actively choose to overcome the bystander effect and intervene when we witness unhealthy behaviours, comments or emergency situations. (canterbury.ac.nz)
  • Participants were more likely to intervene on the frames with the higher number of bystanders than those with the lower number of bystanders. (unr.edu)
  • This trend was seen in every high/low vignette pair and provides an interesting contrast to what is normally seen in real-world bystander effect literature in which bystanders are less likely to intervene when there are more bystanders present. (unr.edu)
  • This finding indicates that both gender and empathy might affect if and how people intervene in cases of cyberbullying. (unr.edu)
  • Taken together, the findings from this study suggest that the bystander effect can be seen in an online environment and might impact how and when bystanders to a cyberbullying incident decide to intervene. (unr.edu)
  • The bystander effect occurs when bystanders do not intervene when watching someone be victimized or otherwise in need of help. (durrell2012.com)
  • For example, bystanders witnessing a child being forced into a car by a stranger might not intervene to help or contact the police. (durrell2012.com)
  • The 'bystander effect' is real - but research shows that when more people witness violence, it's more likely someone will step up and intervene. (durrell2012.com)
  • This can be partly explained by the bystander effect - a social psychological phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to intervene or seek help for others when other people are present. (velosock.com)
  • Studies show that when bystanders intervene, bullying stops within 10 seconds 57% of the time. (american.edu)
Kitty Genovese8
  • So began The New York Times article about the murder of Kitty Genovese in 1964, a crime that gave rise to research on the psychological phenomenon known as the "bystander effect. (pcma.org)
  • But if that murder has prevented Bystander Effect or Diffusion of Responsibility in those who were offended by the human failings that resulted in Kitty's death, then Kitty Genovese was a hero whose death may have saved many lives. (palomanegrastudios.com)
  • The first time I heard of the "bystander effect," I was a child listening to adults talk about the Kitty Genovese murder in Queens, New York. (paddockpost.com)
  • Apparently bystanders heard the screams for help of 28-year old Kitty Genovese as she was being stabbed to death outside her apartment building but didn't come to her aid, out of fear. (paddockpost.com)
  • In this episode Trevor and Alison discuss Kitty Genovese and the bystander effect. (thisisawfulpod.com)
  • The bystander effect was first demonstrated and popularized in the laboratory by social psychologists John M. Darley and Bibb Latané in 1968 after they became interested in the topic following the murder of Kitty Genovese in 1964. (durrell2012.com)
  • Inspired by the 'bystander effect' phenomenon of the murder of Kitty Genovese. (projectartscentre.ie)
  • into the bystander effect and the murder of Kitty Genovese during my A levels. (blogspot.com)
Term bystander effect3
  • Who coined the term bystander effect? (durrell2012.com)
  • What is it meant by the term bystander effect? (durrell2012.com)
  • The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely people are to help a person in distress. (durrell2012.com)
Presence of bystanders2
  • One such factor is the presence of bystanders during a bullying event. (unr.edu)
  • People are less likely to help when they have been ostracized, or when they are in the presence of bystanders. (utwente.nl)
Passive bystander2
  • Don't be a passive bystander! (citizenmatters.in)
  • We can, with practice, enhance our natural instinct to help others and overcome the tendency to be a passive bystander. (grahamgoulden.com)
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation4
  • Important adverse effects of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are well known. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Examining the contextual effects of neighborhood on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and the provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (omicsdi.org)
  • To understand the association between neighborhood and individual characteristics in determining whether or not bystanders perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). (omicsdi.org)
  • For persons who have an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the probability of receiving bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be influenced by neighborhood characteristics.We analyzed surveillance data prospectively submitted from 29 U.S. sites to the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival between October 1, 2005, and December 31, 2009. (omicsdi.org)
Darley2
  • Garcia, Weaver, Moskowitz, and Darley (2002) found evidence for an implicit bystander effect, the idea that people can experience the bystander effect in the physical absence of other people. (unr.edu)
  • Latané and Darley attributed the bystander effect to two factors: diffusion of responsibility and social influence. (durrell2012.com)
IMSEAR at SEARO1
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Influence of ultraviolet C bystander effect on inflammatory response in A375 cell on subsequent exposure to ultraviolet C or hydrogen peroxide. (who.int)
Phenomenon6
  • The bystander effect is the somewhat controversial name given to a social psychological phenomenon in cases where individuals do not offer help in an emergency situation when other people are present. (pearltrees.com)
  • The bystander effect is a social phenomenon that occurs when people fail to help those in need due to the presence of other people. (pearltrees.com)
  • It is likely that multiple pathways are involved in the bystander phenomenon, and different cell types respond differently to bystander signalling. (columbia.edu)
  • Using cDNA microarrays, a number of cellular signalling genes, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), have been shown to be causally linked to the bystander phenomenon. (columbia.edu)
  • A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the bystander phenomenon, together with evidence of their occurrence in-vivo, will allow us to formulate a more accurate model for assessing the health effects of low doses of ionizing radiation. (columbia.edu)
  • What can explain the bystander effect phenomenon? (durrell2012.com)
Diffusion5
  • The current research investigated the bystander process in order to ascertain if the bystander effect and the associated mechanisms of diffusion of responsibility, evaluation apprehension, and pluralistic ignorance were apparent in cases of cyberbullying. (unr.edu)
  • While there are a variety of psychological principles that can be attributed to the bystander effect, the most substantial include a diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance. (shpquad.org)
  • Two possible psychological explanations proposed to explain the bystander effect are diffusion of responsibility among bystanders and a social norms explanation. (health-med-news.com)
  • The bystander needs to take responsibility for helping, but might avoid taking responsibility by assuming that some body else will (diffusion of responsibility). (health-med-news.com)
  • If the diffusion of responsibility explanation is correct, then the number of people providing help will be less when non-helping bystanders are present than when no bystanders are present. (health-med-news.com)
Innocent4
  • Effects of grading leniency and low workload on students' evaluations of teaching: popular myth, bias, validity, or innocent bystanders? (bvsalud.org)
  • Victims and bully-victims show the most health problems and innocent bystanders the least health problems. (uni-potsdam.de)
  • In addition to traffic accidents, which endanger life and limb even innocent bystander and causing immense damage, accidents in the workplace are on. (novabiogenetics.com)
  • Others feel so trapped by manmade traditions and superficial limitations that they become like caged animals provoked even by innocent bystanders. (9marks.org)
Overcome2
  • The good news is that by bringing attention to the issue, others will be more likely to overcome the bystander effect and provide care to an injured person. (safetycoursesforkids.com)
  • What are some ways that you can be prepared to help others and overcome the Bystander Effect? (becauseisaidiwould.org)
Mitogen-activa2
  • The observation that inhibition of the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) suppressed the bystander response further confirmed the important role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascade in the bystander process. (columbia.edu)
  • For this purpose, the conditioned medium containing the released factors from UVC irradiated A375 cells was used in this study to evaluate the expression of inflammatory markers, such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in its bystander cells. (who.int)
Apathy2
  • The bystander effect, also called bystander apathy, is a term in psychology that refers to the tendency of people to take no action in an emergency situation when there are others present. (durrell2012.com)
  • Hortensius R, de Gelder B. From Empathy to Apathy: The Bystander Effect Revisited. (becauseisaidiwould.org)
Victims10
  • Bystanders can encourage the bullies to continue to bully their victims or they can defend the victim. (unr.edu)
  • In a cyberbullying setting, the idea of the implicit bystander effect could mean that online bystanders could aid cyberbully victims much like bystanders in a face-to-face bullying confrontation. (unr.edu)
  • 279 (25%) cardiac arrest victims received bystander CPR. (omicsdi.org)
  • Cardiac arrest victims in the highest income census tracts were much more likely to receive bystander CPR than in the lowest income census tracts, even after controlling for individual and arrest characteristics. (omicsdi.org)
  • Most cardiac arrest victims collapse in their own home (85% of the time) and 50% are witnessed by a family member or bystander. (omicsdi.org)
  • Victims are almost four times more likely to survive when receiving bystander CPR, but bystander CPR rates have remained low in Canada over the past decade, not exceeding 15-25% until recently. (omicsdi.org)
  • The ability of telecommunication-assisted CPR instructions to improve bystander CPR and survival rates for OHCA victims is undeniable. (omicsdi.org)
  • The difference between standing by and standing up may be just a few seconds' difference in the event, perhaps an extra slur avoided, but remember that it affects victims disproportionately to how it affects you where trauma is concerned. (brokelyn.com)
  • However, research objectives until now, have mainly focused on victims and perpetrators, with little attention given to the bystanders, the individuals who witness the bullying. (aut.ac.nz)
  • If you target the bystanders that might have stronger effects on school climate than focusing on particular bullies and victims,' he said. (cnn.com)
Psychology3
  • What is bystander effect in psychology? (durrell2012.com)
  • How does psychology explain the bystander effect? (durrell2012.com)
  • Therefore, researchers in social psychology, who are experimental psychologists, "study how these social conditions affect the behavior of individuals. (ostatic.com)
Behaviours4
  • Performed by internationally acclaimed performers and drawing on the expertise of a sociologist, The Bystander gets under the skin of how we behave, bringing to the surface some of the murkier and complex behaviours of contemporary society. (projectartscentre.ie)
  • Bystanders' Experiences of Witnessing Workplace Bullying Incidents in the New Zealand Hospitality Industry: What Factors Affect Their Attitudes and Behaviours? (aut.ac.nz)
  • This small-scale qualitative interpretivist study aimed to investigate factors that affect bystanders' attitudes and behaviours by conducting eight semi-structured interviews to explore the experiences of witnessing workplace bullying incidents in Auckland hospitality organisations in New Zealand. (aut.ac.nz)
  • as bystanders, participants' attitudes and behaviours were affected in a variety of ways: the industry working conditions, their witnessing experiences, their personality and home-country culture, their organisation's culture, and their managerial position and visa status. (aut.ac.nz)
Opioids2
  • Often given as a nasal spray, naloxone is safe and easy to use-and is safe to administer when bystanders are uncertain if opioids are involved because adverse side effects are very rare. (cdc.gov)
  • Naloxone can be injected or administered intra-nasally and has minimal effects in people who have not used opioids. (bvsalud.org)
Ionizing radiation1
  • The radiation-induced bystander effect represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of the radiobiological effects of ionizing radiation, in that extranuclear and extracellular events may also contribute to the final biological consequences of exposure to low doses of radiation. (columbia.edu)
Occurs3
  • According to an article in Harvard Business Review by three researchers ( convn.org/hbr-bystander ), the bystander effect occurs for two reasons: If others are present, we feel that they are responsible for intervening, and if no one intervenes, it can lead us to assume that the behavior is acceptable or tolerated. (pcma.org)
  • The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation, against a bully, or during an assault or other crime. (durrell2012.com)
  • A situation occurs that is ambiguous in nature (it is not certain what has occurred or what the ramifications of the event are) and Bystander A notices it. (durrell2012.com)
Witnesses2
  • The "bystander effect" is often seen among witnesses to crimes. (palomanegrastudios.com)
  • Witnesses, bystanders and coworkers often suffer emotional and psychological trauma no less significant than that of the victim. (cdc.gov)
Psychological3
  • By illuminating the power of situations to affect individuals' perceptions, decisions, and behaviour, study of the bystander effect continues to influence the course of social psychological theory and research. (pearltrees.com)
  • The bystander effect is a psychological phenomena that pushes average people to ignore their surroundings and place responsibility on the others around them. (durrell2012.com)
  • The individual may experience psychological effects after the incident, such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. (splcenter.org)
Exposure4
  • The study indicated that UVC-induced bystander effect was an intrinsic protective response in cells, capable of suppressing inflammation induced in cells on exposure to damaging agents. (who.int)
  • Low proportions of bystander exposure are often associated with infrequent bacterial carriage or a high proportion of antibiotic prescribing focused on conditions caused by the species of interest. (biorxiv.org)
  • Mr. Charp explained the panel responded that the use of both of these are appropriate as used by ATSDR, each measurement defines a different "dose" (amount of exposure) above background and each refers to different kinds of health effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Bystander impulse noise exposure from small-caliber weapons: how close is too close? (cdc.gov)
Coworkers1
  • In reality, untrained bystanders (e.g., coworkers, family members, neighbors) are often the first at the scene offering assistance and transportation. (cdc.gov)
Inhibition1
  • Only … Jiun-Min Hsu et al, Injury-Induced Inhibition of Bystander Neurons Requires dSarm and Signaling from Glia, Neuron (2020). (palomanegrastudios.com)
Situations5
  • Investigations of the bystander effect in the 1960s and '70s sparked a wealth of research on helping behaviour, which has expanded beyond emergency situations to include everyday forms of helping. (pearltrees.com)
  • Recognize situations where the bystander effect may be present and be aware of them. (shpquad.org)
  • Being aware of the bystander effect can make us more sensitive to and more aware of unusual situations. (grahamgoulden.com)
  • The bystander needs to implement that response, but this may be against their interest to do so, specially in dangerous situations. (health-med-news.com)
  • Mr. A. L. Brooks also states "However, there are situations under high LET radiation, such as alpha radiation, that a cell doesn't have to be hit by the radiation in order to have some effect, the bystander effect. (cdc.gov)
Witness3
  • Today, the bystander effect has become part of the vocabulary of the Me Too movement, where people witness incidents of sexual harassment and inappropriate behavior - as well as intolerance or discrimination against women and people within the LGBTQIA community - and fail to speak out about it. (pcma.org)
  • How can anyone be a bystander, rather than an active participant, when they witness a fellow citizen in distress? (citizenmatters.in)
  • During that investigation, witness testimony, like that from bystanders who were as young as nine years old, could be weighed. (ktnv.com)
OHCA2
  • Telecommunication-assisted CPR instructions have been shown to significantly increase bystander CPR rates, but agonal breathing may be misinterpreted as a sign of life by 9-1-1 callers and telecommunicators, and is responsible for as much as 50% of missed OHCA diagnoses. (omicsdi.org)
  • Our pilot data suggests the potential impact of this project will be to increase absolute OHCA recognition and bystander CPR rates by at least 10%, and absolute out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival by 5% or more. (omicsdi.org)
AEDs2
  • A psychogenic etiology should be considered when AEDs have no effect whatsoever on the reported frequency of seizures. (medscape.com)
  • Heart Association (AHA) has since promoted structured public access defibrillation (PAD) programs to allow nonmedical first responders and lay bystanders to use AEDs (8). (cdc.gov)
Indifferent1
  • Environmentalists and politicians can choose between being supporters or opponents (politicians can even choose to be indifferent), but they will be bystanders forever. (citizentekk.com)
Incidents1
  • While news reports sometimes feature inspiring accounts of bystanders intervening to stop such attacks, many incidents don't end as uplifting tales about good Samaritans. (splcenter.org)
Significantly2
  • Furthermore, cells deficient in mitochondrial DNA showed a significantly reduced response to bystander signalling, suggesting a functional role of mitochondria in the signalling process. (columbia.edu)
  • Other individual-level characteristics were not significantly associated with bystander CPR. (omicsdi.org)
Attitudes3
  • The aim of this cross-sectional study in Qalubeya governorate, Egypt was to measure the incidence and types of home injuries affecting rural children aged up to 12 years and to assess their mothers' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) about first aid and its associated factors. (who.int)
  • L'objectif de la présente étude transversale menée dans le gouvernorat de Qalubiya (Égypte) était de mesurer l'incidence et le type des traumatismes dus aux accidents domestiques chez les enfants jusqu'à 12 ans en milieu rural et d'évaluer les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques relatives aux premiers secours de leurs mères et les facteurs associés. (who.int)
  • Les mères ont donné en moyenne 11,0 bonnes réponses (E.T. 5,3) sur 29 questions portant sur leurs connaissances, leurs attitudes et leurs pratiques. (who.int)
20201
  • Opinion piece published in June 2020 by NBC News discusses the bystander effect in relatation to the police murders of Black people. (palomanegrastudios.com)
Victim2
  • And when employees come forward with complaints, they should keep those complaints out of their employee files so that the bystander or victim won't face retaliation. (pcma.org)
  • Sexual assault and the bystander effect: Inaction of passers-by is a grave problem which needs to be addressed Why do bystanders often stand and stare instead of helping the victim? (palomanegrastudios.com)
MAPK1
  • It was observed that TNFα, NFκB and p38 MAPK were not induced in UVC-bystander cells, but their expression was suppressed in the UVC-bystander cells treated with UVC or H2O2. (who.int)
Refers1
  • It is called the 'Bystander Effect', which refers to the indifference of observers, when a horrific incident plays out just four feet from them, and they do not summon the courage to either stop it or inform an authority. (citizenmatters.in)
Realize4
  • Realize that we are all bystanders. (shpquad.org)
  • Finally, it is important to realize that one does not need to be the direct target of a violent act to be affected by it. (cdc.gov)
  • Realize that any effort to effect change may do no good or make the situation worse. (cheriewhite.blog)
  • Bystanders also might not realize that their hearing is at risk if they are positioned too close to the person shooting. (cdc.gov)
Willingness to provide2
  • Factors affecting willingness to provide first aid were assessed using multivariable logistic regression . (bvsalud.org)
  • It is important to understand lay person's first aid knowledge level important as a very large percentage of injured people die in the pre- and factors affecting their willingness to provide first aid. (bvsalud.org)
Mechanisms1
  • 2. Explain how early experience can affect brain mechanisms that influence stress tolerance in later life. (mypapersupport.com)
Efficacy2
  • Over the past few months at least 500 patients in New Zealand complained of a variety of side effects and lack of drug efficacy following reformulation of Eltroxin. (blogspot.com)
  • These range from evaluating the efficacy of chelation therapy at lower blood lead levels in terms of preventing the adverse effects of lead to developing science-based criteria for determining when an abated unit is cleaned up enough for rehabilitation. (cdc.gov)
Cardiac arrest2
  • The laryngeal mask airway and esophageal Combitube proved to be effective alternatives in providing oxygenation and ventilation to the patient in cardiac arrest in the prehospital arena in North America, and a recent device that affects the relative influence of positive pressure ventilation on the hemodynamics during cardiac arrest has been introduced. (semanticscholar.org)
  • A person experiencing cardiac arrest is 2 to 3 times more likely to survive if a bystander applies an automated external defibrillator (AED) before EMS arrival (3-5). (cdc.gov)
Present4
  • Bystander A is present in a specific place. (durrell2012.com)
  • Whatever you feel you would have done had you been present, a far bigger bystander effect is playing out right now. (bangkokpost.com)
  • This lowering in inflammatory response might be due to smaller depletion in the reduced glutathione (GSH) content present in these treated bystander cells. (who.int)
  • Special attention should be paid to patients who present with delayed gastrointestinal effects of nausea and vomiting greater than 6 hours after ingestion of hallucinogenic mushrooms. (medscape.com)
Episodes1
  • PNES were predicted by preserved awareness, eye flutter, and episodes affected by bystanders (intensified or alleviated). (medscape.com)
Characteristics1
  • Association of neighborhood characteristics with bystander-initiated CPR. (omicsdi.org)
Estimating1
  • Estimating effects of HIV sequencing data completeness on transmission network patterns and detection of growing HIV transmission clusters. (cdc.gov)
Adverse3
  • Modern and precise radiotherapy techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy, may prevent toxicity, but some patients still experience adverse effects. (nature.com)
  • This series of 150 peer-reviewed publications details the known adverse health effects of specific chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • The recommendations continued herein are based mainly on the scientific data showing adverse effects of lead in young children at increasingly lower blood lead levels. (cdc.gov)
Mechanism2
  • Although radiation-induced bystander effects have been well documented in a variety of biological systems, the mechanism is not known. (columbia.edu)
  • The new results of study show that mechanism of "inter-mammal" bystander effect is more complicated than previously reported. (radiation-and-risk.com)
Researchers3
  • A renewed understanding of the critical role of innate immunity in influencing the development of an adaptive immune response has led researchers to a better under- standing of "the adjuvant effect" (16). (cdc.gov)
  • First, researchers used the measurements to determine how far away bystanders must be to keep their hearing safe. (cdc.gov)
  • Then the researchers estimated the effects of more than one shooter along a firing line. (cdc.gov)
Violent1
  • A modern-day example of digital bystanders would be the violent removal of a passenger from a United Airlines flight. (durrell2012.com)
Responses1
  • Inflammatory responses in bystander cells subjected to further irradiation by UVC or other damaging agent like H2O2 were also examined. (who.int)
Study2
  • This study aims to determine the effect of personal cost on whistleblowing intention with the bystander effect as a moderating variable. (pnm.ac.id)
  • The result of this study indicate that personal cost has a negative effect on whistleblowing intention and bystander effect has a negative effect which strengthens the negative effect of personal cost on whistleblowing intention. (pnm.ac.id)
Influence1
  • When these forces appear, the presence of inactive others can influence to us simply watch, to wait and so become bystanders ourselves. (grahamgoulden.com)
Investigate1
  • Our objective was to investigate whether inflammatory response was also induced in bystander cells. (who.int)
Person's1
  • It can also affect the person's behavior in other ways. (splcenter.org)
Awareness1
  • The good news is that this mom's post brings attention to the bystander effect and awareness will increase the likelihood that people will take action the next time they are in a situation like this. (safetycoursesforkids.com)
Induction2
  • Additionally, ratios of non-senescent Ctrl-LFs and senescence-induced Ctrl-LFs (100:0, 0:100, 50:50, 90:10, 99:1) were co-cultured and their effect on induction of senescence measured. (ubc.ca)
  • Induction of Autoimmunity Through Bystander Effects. (direct-ms.org)
Explain1
Climate1
  • Though it's important to acknowledge the hard work and contributions of climate heroes, overemphasis of these "heroic" contributions may lead to a bystander effect surrounding climate change . (environment.co)
Tendency1
  • The Horns Effect- the tendency to see one bad thing in a person and believe that everything about that person is bad). (cheriewhite.blog)
Factors4
  • There are many factors which can affect the bullying process. (unr.edu)
  • Authors assessed effects of different factors on the capacity of the volatile compounds excreted by irradiated mice in urine to modify behavior (preference/avoidance test) and immune reactivity of intact mice. (radiation-and-risk.com)
  • We estimate the proportion of bystander exposures across a range of antibiotics and organisms and describe factors driving variability of these proportions. (biorxiv.org)
  • The definition, causes, effects and influential factors on workplace bullying have been investigated by many scholars. (aut.ac.nz)
Bystandereffect : L'Etat hors la Loi
Bystandereffect : L'Etat hors la Loi (bystander-effect.com)
Man on parole arrested for attack on Asian woman in NYC
Man on parole arrested for attack on Asian woman in NYC (ktvu.com)
HIV Infection and AIDS: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
HIV Infection and AIDS: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology (medscape.com)
HIV Infection and AIDS: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
HIV Infection and AIDS: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology (medscape.com)
The Bystander Effect - viviantanghuiwen | Pearltrees
The Bystander Effect - viviantanghuiwen | Pearltrees (pearltrees.com)
PDF] Cellular senescence: from physiology to pathology | Semantic Scholar
PDF] Cellular senescence: from physiology to pathology | Semantic Scholar (semanticscholar.org)
What Is the Bystander Effect and What Can You Do About It?
What Is the Bystander Effect and What Can You Do About It? (pcma.org)
Training a modest machine-learning model uses more carbon than the manufacturing and lifetime use of five automobiles | Boing...
Training a modest machine-learning model uses more carbon than the manufacturing and lifetime use of five automobiles | Boing... (boingboing.net)
Return To Office After The Covid Crisis: what impacts Digital Learning? - DOKEOS - LMS & E-learning Suite for growing companies
Return To Office After The Covid Crisis: what impacts Digital Learning? - DOKEOS - LMS & E-learning Suite for growing companies (dokeos.com)
The 'universal adversarial preturbation' undetectably alters images so AI can't recognize them | Boing Boing
The 'universal adversarial preturbation' undetectably alters images so AI can't recognize them | Boing Boing (boingboing.net)
Women and Autoimmune Diseases - Volume 10, Number 11-November 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Women and Autoimmune Diseases - Volume 10, Number 11-November 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
SPLC on Campus: A guide to bystander intervention | Southern Poverty Law Center
SPLC on Campus: A guide to bystander intervention | Southern Poverty Law Center (splcenter.org)
Volume 8, Number 18 - 12/21/2005 - Arlington Institute
Volume 8, Number 18 - 12/21/2005 - Arlington Institute (arlingtoninstitute.org)
FWWU: How does the Sun effect weather on Earth?
FWWU: How does the Sun effect weather on Earth? (kxan.com)
Rifampin Associated With Lower Risk for C difficile Diarrhea
Rifampin Associated With Lower Risk for C difficile Diarrhea (medscape.com)
Bystanders rescue snorkeler off Kauai | KHON2
Bystanders rescue snorkeler off Kauai | KHON2 (khon2.com)
Pangs of drought should unlock our nation's sense of compassion - The Standard
Pangs of drought should unlock our nation's sense of compassion - The Standard (standardmedia.co.ke)
School of Biological Sciences - Research output - Queen's University Belfast
School of Biological Sciences - Research output - Queen's University Belfast (pure.qub.ac.uk)
Don't stand by! Where to get bystander intervention training
Don't stand by! Where to get bystander intervention training (brokelyn.com)
Bystander effect - Mommyish
Bystander effect - Mommyish (mommyish.com)
Psychology Facts That Will Totally Change Your Outlook
Psychology Facts That Will Totally Change Your Outlook (buzzfeed.com)
Adult Non-Fiction (All) - Page 167 - Gutter Bookshop
Adult Non-Fiction (All) - Page 167 - Gutter Bookshop (gutterbookshop.com)
Ship Of Gold By Scholastic - 177 Words | Bartleby
Ship Of Gold By Scholastic - 177 Words | Bartleby (bartleby.com)
Dr Ryan Pink - Oxford Brookes University
Dr Ryan Pink - Oxford Brookes University (brookes.ac.uk)
Regulation of cellular senescence by extracellular matrix during chronic fibrotic diseases | Clinical Science | Portland Press
Regulation of cellular senescence by extracellular matrix during chronic fibrotic diseases | Clinical Science | Portland Press (portlandpress.com)
Thunder - Stage Live In Cardiff - Metalunderground
Thunder - Stage Live In Cardiff - Metalunderground (metalunderground.at)
Emma Watson Pushes UN Campaign to End Gender Discrimination - Non Profit News | Nonprofit Quarterly
Emma Watson Pushes UN Campaign to End Gender Discrimination - Non Profit News | Nonprofit Quarterly (nonprofitquarterly.org)
Neuro-Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis: Practice Essentials, Multiple Sclerosis, Afferent Visual Pathway...
Neuro-Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis: Practice Essentials, Multiple Sclerosis, Afferent Visual Pathway... (medscape.com)
13 Reasons Why 13 Reasons Why is Dangerously Problematic | Sezin Koehler
13 Reasons Why "13 Reasons Why" is Dangerously Problematic | Sezin Koehler (sezin.org)
Kitty Genovese | The Psych Files
Kitty Genovese | The Psych Files (thepsychfiles.com)
Eribulin-induced liver dysfunction as a prognostic indicator of survival of metastatic breast cancer patients: a retrospective...
Eribulin-induced liver dysfunction as a prognostic indicator of survival of metastatic breast cancer patients: a retrospective... (bmccancer.biomedcentral.com)
SpeEdChange
SpeEdChange (speedchange.blogspot.com)
LGBT topics get little time in med school - The Chart - CNN.com Blogs
LGBT topics get little time in med school - The Chart - CNN.com Blogs (thechart.blogs.cnn.com)
Elizabeth Smart to speak at BYU in support of Voices of Courage campaign - The Daily Universe
Elizabeth Smart to speak at BYU in support of Voices of Courage campaign - The Daily Universe (universe.byu.edu)