Butyric Acid
Butyrates
Clostridium butyricum
Fatty Acids, Volatile
Propionates
Acetic Acid
Indoleacetic Acids
Cecum
Fermentation
Histamine Antagonists
Carboxylic Acids
Aminobutyrates
Prodrugs
Naphthaleneacetic Acids
DEET
Fusobacterium
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Indoles
5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors
Clostridium
Glutamate Decarboxylase
Plant Roots
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
Acetates
Rumen
Fatty Acids
Plant Growth Regulators
Colon
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Administration, Rectal
Formates
Peroxisomes
Globins
Receptors, GABA-A
Dietary Fiber
Feces
Chromatography, Gas
Intestines
Arabidopsis
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Bioreactors
Caproates
Anaerobiosis
Cell Differentiation
Stomach
Enzyme Inhibitors
Cell Division
Molecular Sequence Data
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Sodium butyrate induces apoptosis and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in human breast carcinoma cells. (1/589)
To investigate the possible relationship between apoptosis and the ubiquitin pathway we examined the patterns of ubiquitinated proteins in the human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell line following induction of apoptotic death by sodium butyrate. Apoptosis in these cells was associated with internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. By dual in situ antiubiquitin immunofluorescence and chromatin DNA staining, we demonstrated that ubiquitin fluorescence was increased specifically in cells that underwent sodium butyrate-mediated apoptosis. The extent of ubiquitin incorporation into protein conjugates was examined in both adherent (not yet apoptotic) and floating (apoptotic) cell populations. We found that apoptotic cells exhibited enhanced intensity of ubiquitin-immunoreactive conjugates, whereas adherent cells did not. In addition, two-dimensional immunoblot analysis of proteins from apoptotic cells identified a set of isomeric ubiquitinated conjugates located at a pI range of 4. 2 - 4.6 and a Mr approximately of 30 kDa. These data indicate that the ubiquitin pathway may play a role in the sodium butyrate-induced apoptotic program in breast carcinoma cells. (+info)Cancer cell sensitization to fas-mediated apoptosis by sodium butyrate. (2/589)
Cancer cells often resist Fas-mediated apoptosis even when the Fas receptor is expressed at the cell surface. We show here that human and rat colon cancer cells undergo massive apoptosis when they are exposed to soluble Fas ligand in the presence of sodium butyrate, an agent that induces by itself only a low rate of apoptosis. Sodium butyrate potentiates Fas-dependent apoptosis in seven out of eight colon cancer cell lines. Sodium butyrate does not increase Fas receptor cell surface expression and does not modify cell levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-xS and Bax. Sodium butyrate also induces tumor cell sensitization to the apoptotic effect of the combination of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, but it does not modify the level of the FADD/Mort1 adaptator molecule, at the connection between Fas- and TNF-dependent apoptosis pathways. Because the clinical toxicity of butyrate is low, its ability to enhance Fas-signal delivery in cancer cells could be of therapeutic interest. (+info)Pharmacological activities of TEI-8362, a novel inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase. (3/589)
1. TEI-8362, 4-(N-(3-((3-carboxypropyl)amino)-8-methyl-1-oxo-4-azaisochromen-6- yl)carbamoyl)-4-((phenylmethoxy)carbonylamino)butanoic acid (C26H28N4O9) is a novel inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase (HNE). We evaluated its pharmacological profile in vitro and in vivo. 2. TEI-8362 demonstrated potent inhibition of HNE with a Ki value of 1.38 x 10(-9) M. Its selectivity for HNE among a variety of proteases ranged from 163 fold to 68,000 fold in favour of HNE. 3. The pulmonary haemorrhage that occurred after i.t. instillation of HNE to hamsters was inhibited by either i.t., i.v., or inhalant administration of TEI-8362. 4. Intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide induced pulmonary neutrophilia. Twenty-four hours after lipopolysaccharide administration, the additional treatment with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine resulted in a specific neutrophil-dependent acute lung injury. In this model, lung injury was significantly attenuated by i.t., i.v., or inhalant administration of TEI-8362. 5. These pharmacological actions of TEI-8362 suggest that this drug has therapeutic value in the treatment of destructive lung diseases due to neutrophils. (+info)Interleukin-2 overexpresses c-myc and down-regulates cytochrome P-450 in rat hepatocytes. (4/589)
The interaction of interleukin-2 (IL-2) with its receptor (IL-2R) decreases cytochrome P-450 (CYP) expression in rat hepatocytes. Because IL-2 increases c-Myc in lymphocytes and because c-myc overexpression represses several genes, we postulated that the IL-2/IL-2R interaction may increase c-Myc and thereby down-regulate CYP in hepatocytes. Cultured rat hepatocytes were exposed for 24 h to IL-2 (350 U/ml) and other agents. IL-2 increased c-myc mRNA and protein but decreased total CYP and the mRNAs and proteins of CYP2C11 and CYP3A. The IL-2-mediated c-myc overexpression and CYP down-regulation were prevented by 1) genistein (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks the initial transduction of the IL-2R signal), 2) retinoic acid, butyric acid, or dimethyl sulfoxide (three agents that block c-myc transcription), or 3) an antisense c-myc oligonucleotide (which may cause rapid degradation of the c-myc transcript). It is concluded that IL-2 causes the overexpression of c-myc and the down-regulation of CYPs in rat hepatocytes. Block of c-myc overexpression, at three different levels with five different agents, prevents CYP down-regulation, suggesting that c-myc overexpression may directly or indirectly repress CYP in hepatocytes. (+info)Quantitative analysis of histone H1 degrees protein synthesis in HTC cells. (5/589)
H1 degrees, a member of histone H1 family associated with cell growth arrest and differentiation, is barely expressed in most mammalian cells in culture. Depending on the cell type, serum deprivation or drugs, such as sodium butyrate, significantly increase H1 degrees mRNA level and H1 degrees protein accumulates. However, probably because of a lack of a simple quantitative procedure, little is known about the relationship between H1 degrees mRNA content and its effective translation rate. Using a rat hepatoma cell line and sodium butyrate as a model system, we attempted to evaluate this in different cellular conditions by measuring H1 degrees synthesis with a rapid quantitative procedure we described previously. We found that although the amount of H1 degrees mRNA rapidly increased and then stabilized under sodium butyrate treatment, its transcription was delayed and H1 degrees protein was synthesized in a progressive wave. Butyrate removal from cell culture confirmed that mRNA level and protein synthesis were independently regulated, and provided evidence that sodium butyrate would not directly target the translation apparatus. In contrast, during the S phase of the cell cycle, H1 degrees gene transcription and protein synthesis were concomitantly activated. Taken together these data provide evidence that H1 degrees accumulation results from an increase of its synthesis and that, depending on conditions, a cell exhibits a H1 degrees translation efficiency which may or may not reflect the mRNA level. (+info)Short-chain fatty acids suppress cholesterol synthesis in rat liver and intestine. (6/589)
We previously showed that plasma cholesterol levels decreased following ingestion of a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) mixture composed of sodium salts of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids simulating cecal fermentation products of sugar-beet fiber (SBF). In the present study, we investigated whether hepatic and small intestinal cholesterol synthesis is involved in the cholesterol-lowering effects of SCFA and SBF. In vitro (expt. 1) and in vivo (expt. 2) cholesterol synthesis rates and the diurnal pattern of SCFA concentrations in portal plasma (expt. 3) were studied in three separate experiments in rats fed diets containing the SCFA mixture, SBF (100 g/kg diet), or the fiber-free control diet. Cholesterol synthesis was measured using 3H2O as a tracer. The in vitro rate of cholesterol synthesis, measured using liver slices, was greater in the SBF group, but not in the SCFA group, than in the fiber-free control group. In contrast, the hepatic cholesterol synthesis rate in vivo was lower in the SCFA group, but not in the SBF group, than in the control group. The mucosal cholesterol synthesis rate for the whole small intestine was <50% of the hepatic rate. The rate in the proximal region was slightly but significantly lower in the SCFA group, and was significantly higher in the SBF group than in the fiber-free group. The rate in the distal small intestines was also significantly greater in the SBF group than in the fiber-free group. Plasma total cholesterol concentrations were lower in the SCFA and SBF groups than in the fiber-free group in both experiments 2 and 3. Diurnal changes in portal SCFA and cholesterol levels were studied in the experiment 3. SCFA concentrations increased rapidly after the start of feeding the SCFA diet, and changes in plasma cholesterol were the reciprocal of those observed in SCFA. These results show that a decrease in hepatic cholesterol synthesis rate mainly contributes to the lowering of plasma cholesterol in rats fed the SCFA mixture diet. Changes in portal SCFA and cholesterol concentrations support this conclusion. In SBF-fed rats, SCFA produced by cecal fermentation are possibly involved in lowering plasma cholesterol levels by negating the counteractive induction of hepatic cholesterol synthesis caused by an increase in bile acid excretion. (+info)Sodium butyrate enhances STAT 1 expression in PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma cells and augments their responsiveness to interferon-alpha. (7/589)
Although interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) has shown great promise in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis, the anti-tumour effect of this agent in the therapy of liver cancer is unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that differentiation-inducing agents could modulate the responsiveness of cancer cells to IFN-alpha by regulating the expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins, a group of transcription factors which play important roles in the IFN signalling pathway. We have reported that sodium butyrate is a potent differentiation inducer for human hepatoma cells. In this study, we investigated whether this drug could regulate the expression of STAT proteins and enhance the anti-tumour effect of IFN-alpha in hepatoma cells. We found that sodium butyrate specifically activated STAT1 gene expression and enhanced IFN-alpha-induced phosphorylation and activation of STAT1 proteins. Co-treatment with these two drugs led to G1 growth arrest, accompanied by down-regulation of cyclin D1 and up-regulation of p21WAF-1, and accumulation of hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma protein in hepatoma cells. Additionally, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, a biological hallmark of apoptosis, was detected in hepatoma cells after continuous incubation with a combination of these two drugs for 72 h. Our results show that sodium butyrate potently enhances the anti-tumour effect of IFN-alpha in vitro and suggest that a rational combination of these two drugs may be useful for the treatment of liver cancer. (+info)Expression and up-regulation of interleukin-6 in oesophageal carcinoma cells by n-sodium butyrate. (8/589)
Recently, the serum level of interleukin (IL)-6 has been shown to correlate with disease progression and prognosis of cancer patients. However, the available information about the source and the pathophysiological regulation of IL-6 in cancer cells is limited. Thus, in this study, we tried to identify the source and the clinical roles of serum IL-6 in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and then further to characterize the biological regulation of IL-6 in ESCC cell lines. Sera and tissue specimens from 80 consecutive patients with ESCC were collected between 1993 and 1997. Additionally, three ESCC cell lines were used for in vitro study. The concentration of serum IL-6 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and correlated the survival time with measured IL-6 level. Expressions of IL-6, IL-6R alpha (IL-6 receptor alpha) and gp130 in pathological sections and cell lines were characterized by immunological staining. Detection of IL-6 mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization (ISH) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Up-regulation of IL-6 by n-sodium butyrate (n-BT) was studied in ESCC cell lines. The levels of serum IL-6 in patients with ESCC were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls. Serum levels of IL-6 were also shown to correlate with disease progression and survival. However, sCD8 levels and lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood were not parallel to the changed pattern of serum IL-6. In pathological sections and ESCC cell lines, message of IL-6 was identified by ISH in cancer cells. Expression of IL-6 mRNA was further confirmed with RT-PCR in ESCC cell lines. Although IL-6 was detected in some ESCC cell lines, IL-6 gene expression and protein production could be induced or enhanced by n-BT treatment in all three cell lines. The serum levels of IL-6 are frequently elevated at diagnosis of ESCC, and are associated with poor prognosis. IL-6 that could be produced by cancer cells is up-regulated by n-BT. (+info)Erythroleukemia typically affects adults in their 50s and 60s, although it can occur at any age. Symptoms may include fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue. The cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body, including the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes.
Erythroleukemia is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and bone marrow biopsy. Treatment typically involves chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy to kill cancer cells and restore normal blood cell production. In some cases, a bone marrow transplant may be necessary. The prognosis for erythroleukemia is generally poor, with a five-year survival rate of about 20%.
Erythroleukemia is classified as an acute leukemia, meaning it progresses rapidly and can lead to life-threatening complications if left untreated. It is important for patients to receive prompt and appropriate treatment to improve their chances of survival and quality of life.
Butyric acid
Indole-3-butyric acid
2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyric acid
Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester
Isobutyric acid
Grignard reagent
Sodium butyrate
Food microbiology
Butyramide
Charles Rugeley Bury
Crotonic acid
Timeline of Animal Liberation Front actions
Butyryl phosphate
1-Bromopropane
Hydroxybutyric acid
Mormolyce phyllodes
Butyl group
Butyryl chloride
MAP1LC3B
Cottage cheese
Rudolf Vrba
Ethyl butyrate
Papilio anactus
1-Butanol
Tributyrin
Butenoic acid
Gustave Chancel
Carboxylic acid
Anaerostipes
Threonine
Alloxylon flammeum
Fujimoto-Belleau reaction
Business of Punishment
Beta-Hydroxybutyric acid
Organic electronics
Surstrƶmming
History of medicine
Hippocampus
Hydrocortisone buteprate
Crotonyl-CoA
Saturated fat
Childhood amnesia
Stanley Miller
Umwelt
Callus (cell biology)
Rhizobium lentis
DeploraBall
Class C GPCR
Dark fermentation
1-Pentanol
Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid
Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
Chemical process of decomposition
Pachygyria
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
butyric acid - aroxaā¢
butyric acid and total VFA - Biologia
Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) - Vitajoy USA
CAS 107-92-6 | Butyric Acid :: 주ģķģ¬ ģ¤ķ°ģ¤ OTS
4-(3-NITRO-PHENYLAMINO)-BUTYRIC ACID ETHYL ESTER AldrichCPR | Sigma-Aldrich
24.butyric Acid Is Produced By:
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D. A Sporozoan Doubt Answers | Safalta
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
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Global butyric acid market3
- Global butyric acid market is projected to register a CAGR of 8.5% in the forecast period of 2020 to 2027. (decisivemarketsinsights.com)
- The global butyric acid market was valued at US$ 307.2 M illion in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ 1.6 billion by 2032, registering a CAGR of 16.6% from 2022 to 2032. (thecloudtribune.com)
- Study the key regions holding notable shares in the global Butyric Acid Market growth. (thecloudtribune.com)
Derivatives17
- The research report provides valuable insights into demand drivers, geographical outlook, and competitive landscape of the Butyric Acid Derivatives market for the forecast period 2019-2027. (dailybn.com)
- The analysis thus provided helps market stakeholders with business planning and to gauge scope of expansion in the Butyric Acid Derivatives market over the forecast period. (dailybn.com)
- Vital information, facts, and statistical figures provided for the Butyric Acid Derivatives market are based on extensive primary and secondary research. (dailybn.com)
- Analysts also reached out to industry experts for their insightful inputs on the Butyric Acid Derivatives market. (dailybn.com)
- Further, the report provides a comparative analysis of historical and current trends prevailing in the Butyric Acid Derivatives market. (dailybn.com)
- This helps to estimate growth trends in the Butyric Acid Derivatives market over the assessment period. (dailybn.com)
- The report delves into the vendor landscape of the Butyric Acid Derivatives market. (dailybn.com)
- The research report on the Butyric Acid Derivatives market provides valuable insights on the competitive landscape of the Butyric Acid Derivatives market. (dailybn.com)
- The SWOT analysis of key vendors along with a detailed profile of key vendors based on business overview, financial status, and product portfolio helps to gauge competitive dynamics in the Butyric Acid Derivatives market. (dailybn.com)
- This analysis helps to gauge growth strategies to be employed by prominent vendors in the Butyric Acid Derivatives market, and scope of collaborations and partnerships between these players. (dailybn.com)
- If you are stakeholder in the Butyric Acid Derivatives market, the analysis provided will help you understand growth model. (dailybn.com)
- Prominent companies operating in the butyric acid derivatives market are Perstorp Holdings AB, Nutreco N.V., Koninklijke DSM N.V., Kemin Industries Inc., Bioscreen Technologies S.R.L, Innovad, and Palital GmbH & Co. KG. (dailybn.com)
- Further, market share projections and changing competitive hierarchy in the Butyric Acid Derivatives market until the end of the forecast period are vital offerings of this report. (dailybn.com)
- What is the revenue projections in the Butyric Acid Derivatives market over the forecast period? (dailybn.com)
- Which product segment is likely to garner maximum share in the Butyric Acid Derivatives market over the forecast period? (dailybn.com)
- Which regional segment is likely to hold the leading share in the Butyric Acid Derivatives market over the assessment period? (dailybn.com)
- What are winning strategies adopted by leading players in the Butyric Acid Derivatives market to consolidate their foothold? (dailybn.com)
Butyrate1
- Sodium butyrate which is a salt of butyric acid is a major feed additive that many farms around the world use. (eubiotics.cn)
Fatty6
- Butyric acids are short-chain fatty acids you can find in the gut in both humans and animals. (eubiotics.cn)
- This report presents dietary intake estimates for fats and fatty acids from the and cholesterol intakes in order to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000, for the U.S. reduce one's risk of cardiovascular population. (cdc.gov)
- Diets high in saturated fats and Examination Surveys (NHANES) and essential fatty acids from the diet, dietary cholesterol tend to raise blood provide information on the health and and aid in the absorption and transport cholesterol levels and increase a nutritional status of the civilian, of fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids. (cdc.gov)
- Dietary fat is often classified based encouraged to limit the amount of in 1999, the NHANES became a on the predominant types of fatty acids saturated fat and cholesterol in their continuous survey. (cdc.gov)
- These categories are saturated, Americans recommends consuming less more years of data are necessary to monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated than 10 percent of calories from provide adequate sample sizes for fatty acids and are based on the number saturated fat and no more than subgroup analyses. (cdc.gov)
- The following subgroups were double bond and polyunsaturated fatty cholesterol intake under 300 milligrams oversampled to allow for more precise acids contain two or more double bonds. (cdc.gov)
Amino15
- Although chemically it is an amino acid, GABA is rarely referred to as such in the scientific or medical communities, because the term "amino acid," used without a qualifier, conventionally refers to the alpha amino acids, which GABA is not, nor is it ever incorporated into a protein. (lookchem.com)
- Plasma amino acids is a screening test done on infants that looks at the amounts of amino acids in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
- Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
- There are several types of methods used to determine the individual amino acid levels in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
- This test is done to measure the level of amino acids in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
- An increased level of a particular amino acid is a sign of an irregularity. (medlineplus.gov)
- This shows that there is a problem with the body's ability to break down (metabolize) that amino acid. (medlineplus.gov)
- The test may also be used to look for decreased levels of amino acids in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
- Increased or decreased levels of amino acids in the blood may occur with fevers, inadequate nutrition, and certain medical conditions. (medlineplus.gov)
- High or low amounts of individual plasma amino acids must be considered with other information. (medlineplus.gov)
- Screening infants for increased levels of amino acids can help detect problems with metabolism. (medlineplus.gov)
- Amino acids, peptides, and proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
- Defects in metabolism of amino acids. (medlineplus.gov)
- L-Theanine is an amino acid found mostly in tea. (vitanetonline.com)
- No evidence for an association between variants at the gamma-amino-n-butyric acid type A receptor beta2 locus and schizophrenia. (cdc.gov)
GABA2
- 4-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. (lookchem.com)
- Systematic study of association of four GABAergic genes: glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 gene, glutamic acid decarboxylase 2 gene, GABA(B) receptor 1 gene and GABA(A) receptor subunit beta2 gene, with schizophrenia using a universal DNA microarray. (cdc.gov)
Vomit2
- The odour of butyric acid is reminiscent of rancid butter or baby vomit. (aroxa.com)
- The acid smells like vomit, is combustible and has been known to cause respiratory problems. (feminist.org)
Glutamic1
- : 0000-0002-4330-953X changes found were hyperglycemia, elevated serum levels of IL-6, cortisol, and valine, increased insulin resistance, decreased glutamic acid plasma levels, and Ricardo de Oliveira Meneses¹ increased IGF-1 levels with a reduction of IGFBP-3. (bvsalud.org)
Intake4
- Due to these facts, it has become popular among both animals and humans to take a regular intake of butyric acids. (eubiotics.cn)
- However, these researchers recommend having a daily intake of butyric acids will reduce the chances of having colon cancer. (eubiotics.cn)
- Therefore, when you consider this fact, it will show how important it is to have a regular intake of butyric acids. (eubiotics.cn)
- acids have no double bonds, whereas, fat intake of less than 10 percent of The survey sample covered all ages. (cdc.gov)
Trends1
- The large-scale Butyric Acid Market report has been dispensed after a thorough study of various key market segments like market size, latest trends, market threats, and key drivers driving the market. (thecloudtribune.com)
Supplement1
- Due to these facts, many around the world are taking butyric acid as a supplement regularly. (eubiotics.cn)
Odor1
- A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester. (bvsalud.org)
Market3
- Butyric Acid Market research is essentially helpful for companies operating in the industry. (thecloudtribune.com)
- An international Butyric Acid Market marketing report serves all business purposes and endows with the best market research and analysis performed with advanced tools and techniques. (thecloudtribune.com)
- Which region earned the largest share in the Butyric Acid Market and why? (thecloudtribune.com)
Occurs1
- According to many studies , butyric acids help prevent colon cancer that occurs in our bodies. (eubiotics.cn)
Important3
- And it will help you to understand why butyric acid is important for bodily functions for both humans and animals. (eubiotics.cn)
- After going through this article, you will now understand how important it is to have butyric acids for both humans and animals. (eubiotics.cn)
- 4-Aminobutyric acid is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, which has good water solubility and thermal stability. (lookchem.com)
High2
- Therefore, you should also start getting an extra dose of butyric acid from supplements or high fiber foods daily. (eubiotics.cn)
- Residues were high in endogenous organic acids, between 144 and 298 mM combined acetic, lactic, succinic, and butyric acids. (cdc.gov)
Helps1
- However, we will discuss this later in the article by finding out how butyric acids helps farms as feed additives. (eubiotics.cn)
Levels1
- In this study, four different levels of Indole-3- Butyric Acid (IBA) concentration (0, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg L-1) and three rooting media ( sphagnum moss , vermicompost and garden soil ) were applied after removal of bark ( phloem ) on the shoot to determine the effect on rooting and survivability of the wax apple air layer under field conditions. (bvsalud.org)
Treatment1
- Pathway-based association analysis of genome-wide screening data suggest that genes associated with the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor signaling pathway are involved in neuroleptic-induced, treatment-resistant tardive dyskinesia. (cdc.gov)
Great1
- You will receive a great amount of protection overall by taking butyric acids. (eubiotics.cn)
Found1
- Studies have found that having a regular dose of butyric acids can greatly improve gut health in both humans and animals. (eubiotics.cn)
Gamma-hydr3
- Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria) is a rare neurometabolic disease caused by a deficiency in gamma-aminobutyric degradation, resulting in an increase in gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in biological fluids. (nih.gov)
- Metabolic studies demonstrated a high plasma and urine concentration of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. (nih.gov)
- After 1 year of treatment with low-doses of vigabatrin of the older patient, a decrease in gamma-hydroxybutyric acid plasma levels and a slow clinical improvement were observed. (nih.gov)
ACETIC ACID1
- Furthermore, TCDD but not FICZ caused an increase in the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), n-butyric acid, and acetic acid. (nih.gov)
Short-chain2
- Since his visit to Kluyver's laboratory in Delft, the Netherlands, in 1935, Barker had been seeking to explain an interesting observation that short-chain fatty acids were produced from ethyl alcohol in the presence of an anaerobic bacterium, C. kluyveri. (nih.gov)
- He demonstrated that, unlike the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids in bacteria where acetyl CoA is a key intermediate, the synthesis of long-chain fatty acid acids is catalyzed by an enzyme complex in which methylmalonyl CoA is the source of active acetate. (nih.gov)
Proteins3
- Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
- Amino acids, peptides, and proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
- Its derivative, ' acetyl CoA ,' is an essential substance involved not only in making fatty acids, as Earl showed, but also in breaking down fatty acids, carbohydrates, and proteins to generate energy in cells. (nih.gov)
Acetyl1
- that is, to determine how this intermediate transfers its acetyl part to another form of by the reaction of acetyl phosphate with coenzyme A, might be an intermediate in fatty acid metabolism. (nih.gov)
Amino Acid3
- There are several types of methods used to determine the individual amino acid levels in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
- An increased level of a particular amino acid is a sign of an irregularity. (medlineplus.gov)
- This shows that there is a problem with the body's ability to break down (metabolize) that amino acid. (medlineplus.gov)
Fatty9
- How are Fatty Acids Made? (nih.gov)
- When Earl decided to pursue a Ph.D. at Berkeley in 1945, his mentor Barker offered him an opportunity to study metabolic pathways for producing fatty acids in cells. (nih.gov)
- Fatty acids are a class of chemical compounds containing a short or long 'hydrocarbon chain' (composed only of hydrogens and carbons) and a 'carboxylate group' (which gives acidic properties to fatty acids) at the end of the chain. (nih.gov)
- Fatty acids are major building blocks of fats in the body. (nih.gov)
- It was at this stage of development that Earl delved into the study of fatty acid synthesis. (nih.gov)
- Applying this method to C. kluyveri , Earl found that extracts of dried cell preparations had the capacity to catalyze all of the reactions involved in fatty acid synthesis. (nih.gov)
- By then, most biochemists had accepted the hypothesis that the capacity to make fatty acids is a unique property of specialized cellular systems, or particulate organelles. (nih.gov)
- But Earl dispelled this hypothesis once and for all by demonstrating that cell-free enzymes extracted from certain bacteria can catalyze the synthesis of fatty acids in vitro , outside the living body. (nih.gov)
- Subsequently, P. Roy Vagelos , Earl's first postdoctoral fellow with an M.D., carried out important studies that further elucidated fatty acid metabolism. (nih.gov)
Drugs1
- 4. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel mutual prodrugs (hybrid drugs) of all-trans-retinoic acid and histone deacetylase inhibitors with enhanced anticancer activities in breast and prostate cancer cells in vitro. (nih.gov)
Role1
- 18. The role of intracellularly released formaldehyde and butyric acid in the anticancer activity of acyloxyalkyl esters. (nih.gov)
Plasma2
- Plasma amino acids is a screening test done on infants that looks at the amounts of amino acids in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
- High or low amounts of individual plasma amino acids must be considered with other information. (medlineplus.gov)
Properties1
- 15. Liposomes assembled from dimeric retinoic acid phospholipid with improved pharmacokinetic properties. (nih.gov)
Test1
- This test is done to measure the level of amino acids in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
Cells3
- 6. Combination of all-trans retinoic acid with butyric acid and its prodrugs markedly enhancing differentiation of human acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells. (nih.gov)
- 14. Granulocytic differentiation of human NB4 promyelocytic leukemia cells induced by all-trans retinoic acid metabolites. (nih.gov)
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