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UVB activates ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways via reactive oxygen species in cultured keratinocytes. (1/170)
We have previously shown that hydrogen peroxide is an important mediator of ultraviolet B induced phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in human keratinocytes. Here we demonstrate that physiologic doses of ultraviolet B and hydrogen peroxide stimulate activation of two related but distinct mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways: extracellular regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), as well as p38, the mammalian homolog of HOG1 in yeast which is a major kinase for a recently identified stress-induced signaling pathway. The time-dependent activation of ERK1/2 and p38 are distinct, and ultraviolet B-induced ERK1/2 activation is downregulated more rapidly than p38. Using dihydrorhodamine or Amplex as specific fluorescent dye probes, we show that ultraviolet B-induced peroxides can be inhibited by ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid strongly blocks ERK1/2 and p38 activation by ultraviolet B and hydrogen peroxide whereas pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and butyl hydroxyanisole are less effective. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate was unable to inhibit ultraviolet B-induced p38 activation. Cell death was increased after ultraviolet B when ERK1/2 activation was attenuated by the specific inhibitor PD098059. The distinct time courses and extents of activation and inhibition of ERK1/2 and p38 indicate that these pathways are separate and regulated independently in keratinocytes. Specific types of reactive oxygen species induced by ultraviolet B as well as selective activation or inhibition of specific phosphatases may mediate these responses in keratinocytes. These findings demonstrate that reactive oxygen species are important multifunctional mediators of ultraviolet B-induced ERK1/2 and p38 signaling transduction pathways and suggest that ERK1/2 may play an important part in protecting keratinocytes from cell death following oxidative stress. (+info)Patterns of DNA adduct formation in liver and mammary epithelial cells of rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, and selective effects of chemopreventive agents. (2/170)
7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) is a prototype carcinogen that induces a high yield of mammary tumors in rats after a single feeding. We investigated the induction and chemoprevention of DNA adducts in female Sprague Dawley rats receiving DMBA by gavage according to a variety of treatment schedules. The patterns of 32P-postlabeled DNA adducts in liver and mammary epithelial cells were similar to those produced by the in vitro reaction of metabolically activated DMBA with calf thymus DNA. There was a high and statistically significant correlation between dose of DMBA administered to rats (0, 0.6, 2.4, and 12 mg/kg body weight) and levels of DNA adducts in both types of cells. The regression lines relating DMBA doses to total DNA adduct levels were significantly divergent and crossed at 1.5 mg/kg body weight, indicating that, at lower doses, the formation of DNA adducts is more intense in target mammary cells, whereas at higher doses, DNA adduct levels are more elevated in liver cells, presumably due to the greater metabolic capacity of this organ. When the rats were sacrificed 7 days rather than 2 days after DMBA administration, DNA adduct levels were approximately halved in both liver and mammary cells. The observed patterns can be interpreted based on toxicokinetic factors, local and distant metabolism, removal of DNA adducts by excision repair, and cell proliferation rate. Of three chemopreventive agents given with the diet to rats treated with 12 mg of DMBA, 5,6-benzoflavone (1650 ppm) was the most effective, inhibiting DNA adduct formation in liver and mammary cells by 96.5 and 83.5%, respectively. Feeding of 1,2-dithiole-3-thione (600 ppm) inhibited this biomarker by 68.5 and 50.2%, whereas butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA; 5000 ppm) showed a significant inhibition in the liver (46.5%) but was ineffective in mammary cells (29.0%, not significant). These data correlate nicely with the results of a parallel study in which 5,6-benzoflavone, 1,2-dithiole-3-thione, and BHA inhibited formation of hemoglobin adducts by 80.0, 44.0, and 0%, respectively; the incidence of mammary tumors by 82.4, 47.1, and 5.9%, respectively; and their multiplicity by 92.6, 80.0, and 7.4%, respectively. Therefore, biomarkers of biologically effective dose are highly predictive of the efficacy of chemopreventive agents in the DMBA rat mammary model. The selective inhibition by BHA of DNA adducts in the liver but not in mammary cells is consistent with the finding that this phenolic antioxidant stimulated phase II activities in the liver but not in the mammary gland (L. L. Song et al., manuscript in preparation). In any case, the broad-spectrum inducer 5,6-BF appears to be more effective than the two monofunctional phase II inducers, presumably because an enhanced activation of DMBA to reactive metabolites is coordinated with their blocking, detoxification, and excretion. (+info)Effects of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the acetylation of 2-aminofluorene and DNA-2-aminofluorene adducts in the rat. (3/170)
The effects of the synthetic phenolic antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene) on the in vivo acetylation of 2-aminofluorene and formation of DNA-2-aminofluorene adducts were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. For in vitro examination, cytosols and intact cells, with or without butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene co-treatment, showed different percentages of 2-aminofluorene acetylation and DNA-2-aminofluorene adducts. For in vivo examination, pre-treatment of male rats with butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene (10 mg/kg) 48 h prior to the administration of 2-aminofluorene (50 mg/kg) resulted in 34% and 18%, 29% and 20% decreases, respectively, in the urinary and fecal recovery of N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene, and 34% and 19% decreases, respectively, in the metabolic clearance of 2-aminofluorene to N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene. Following exposure of rats to the 2-aminofluorene, with or without pretreatment with butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene, DNA-2-aminofluorene adducts were observed in the target tissues of liver and bladder, and also in circulating leukocytes. The DNA-2-aminofluorene adducts in liver, bladder, and leukocytes were decreased by pretreatment with butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene. This is the first demonstration that synthetic phenolic antioxidants decrease the N-acetylation of carcinogens and formation of DNA-carcinogen adducts in vivo. (+info)Specificity of endogenous fatty acid release during tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis in WEHI 164 fibrosarcoma cells. (4/170)
Recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (rTNF-alpha)-induced release of endogenous fatty acids was examined in WEHI 164 clone 13 fibrosarcoma cells using a highly sensitive HPLC method. The initial rTNF-alpha-induced extracellular release of endogenous fatty acids was dominated by 20:4n;-6, 22:4n;-6, 24:4n;-6, and 18:1n;-9 showing relative rates of 2.9, 0.9, 1.1, and 1.0, respectively. Release of endogenous AA and DNA fragmentation occurred simultaneously and preceded cell death by approx. 2 h. Methyl arachidonoyl fluorophosphonate and LY311727, specific inhibitors of Ca(2+)-dependent cytosolic PLA(2) (cPLA(2)) and secretory PLA(2) (sPLA(2)), respectively, neither blocked rTNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity or endogenous AA release. However, both inhibitors reduced rTNF-alpha-induced release of other endogenous fatty acids. In comparison, the antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) completely inhibited the rTNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity as well as AA release mediated through the TNF receptor p55, while the very similar antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene had no effect. BHA did not inhibit recombinant cPLA(2) or sPLA(2) enzyme activity in vitro. Furthermore, stimulation of cells with rTNF-alpha for 4 h did not increase cPLA(2) enzyme activity. The data indicate that neither cPLA(2) or sPLA(2) mediate rTNF-alpha-induced apoptosis and extracellular AA release in WEHI cells. The results suggest that a BHA-sensitive signaling pathway coupled to AA release is a key event in TNF-induced cytotoxicity in these cells. (+info)p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase negatively regulates the induction of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes that detoxify carcinogens. (5/170)
Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase and quinone reductase, play an important role in the detoxification of chemical carcinogens. The induction of these detoxifying enzymes by a variety of agents occurs at the transcriptional level and is regulated by a cis-acting element, called the antioxidant response element (ARE) or electrophile-response element. In this study, we identified a signaling kinase pathway that negatively regulates ARE-mediated gene expression. Treatment of human hepatoma HepG2 and murine hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells with tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) stimulated the activity of p38, a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase family. Inhibition of p38 activation by its inhibitor, SB203580, enhanced the induction of quinone reductase activity and the activation of ARE reporter gene by tBHQ. In contrast, SB202474, a negative analog of SB203580, had little effect. Consistent with this result, interfering with the p38 kinase pathway by overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of p38 or MKK3, an immediate upstream regulator of p38, potentiated the activation of the ARE reporter gene by tBHQ, whereas the wild types of p38 and MKK3 diminished such activation. In addition, inhibition of p38 activity augmented the induction of ARE reporter gene activity by tert-butylhydroxyanisole, sulforaphane, and beta-naphthoflavone. Thus, p38 kinase pathway functions as a negative regulator in the ARE-mediated induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes. (+info)Examination of selected food additives and organochlorine food contaminants for androgenic activity in vitro. (6/170)
In order to produce a reporter gene assay for androgenic chemicals, a constitutive expression vector coding for the human androgen receptor and a reporter construct containing the firefly luciferase coding sequence under transcriptional control of the androgen responsive MMTV promoter were cotransfected into the androgen-insensitive human PC-3 prostate carcinoma cell line and stable transfectants selected. One colony of transfectants, PC-3 LUCAR+, was characterized further. 5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) enhanced luciferase activity in a linear fashion for up to 3 days of culture. The Kd for DHT activation was within the range of 25.0-60.0 pM (r2 values >0.95). Flutamide competitively inhibited DHT activation (mean Ki value of 0.89 microM). Progesterone, estradiol, dexamethasone, and hydrocortisone were weak agonists (100-fold less effective than DHT) and diethylstilbestrol was without effect. The effects of organochlorine food contaminants (0, 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 microM) on luciferase activity in PC-3 LUCAR+ cells were determined after exposure to the chemical for 18 h in the presence and absence of DHT (50 pM). 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE) induced luciferase activity in the absence of DHT (100 microM p,p'-DDE equivalent to 50 pM DHT), but in the presence of DHT (50 pM), p,p'-DDE acted antagonistically. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, kepone, butylated hydroxyanisole, and butylated hydroxytoluene all partially inhibited activation by DHT (50 pM) but alone had little or no effect. Toxaphene at 10 microM induced luciferase activity in the absence of DHT but decreased cell viability. Alpha- and delta-Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH) at 10 microM antagonized the DHT effect, but beta-HCH and gamma-HCH mirex, photomirex, oxychlordane, cis- and trans-nonachlor were without effect. Thus, of the chemicals tested, some interact with the human androgen receptor in vitro as agonists, others as antagonists, and some as partial agonists/antagonists. (+info)Modulation of the phosphatase activity of calcineurin by oxidants and antioxidants in vitro. (7/170)
Previous research has indicated that oxidants, antioxidants and the intracellular redox state regulate the activities of a variety of protein tyrosine kinases, protein tyrosine phosphatases, phospholipases and transcription factors. In order to explore the redox regulation of the serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin, we have investigated the effects of a variety of oxidants and antioxidants on calcineurin phosphatase activity in vitro. The oxidants hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and glutathione disulfide inhibited the phosphatase activity of calcineurin in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation of purified calcineurin with the antioxidants ascorbate, ascorbate 2-phosphate, alpha-lipoic acid, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and glutathione increased phosphatase activity relative to untreated controls. In contrast, several other commonly used antioxidants, including butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, TEMPOL (4-hydroxy-2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl), Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7, 8-tetramethyl-chroman-2-carboxylic acid) and dihydrolipoic acid decreased the activity of purified calcineurin, possibly through prooxidative mechanisms. Although the antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate increased the activity of purified calcineurin, it significantly inhibited the activity of calcineurin present in crude fibroblast lysates. These results support and extend the hypothesis that redox factors modulate the phosphatase activity of calcineurin and suggest that further in vivo studies are warranted. (+info)Induction of murine intestinal and hepatic peroxiredoxin MSP23 by dietary butylated hydroxyanisole. (8/170)
Feeding mice with 2(3)-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) induces phase II detoxifying enzymes that inhibit the action of carcinogens. We have found that dietary BHA induces intestinal and hepatic MSP23 (also called peroxiredoxin I), a stress-inducible antioxidant, in a manner similar to the induction of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). The levels of MSP23 in the proximal intestine and liver, estimated by immunoblotting, increased approximately 1.9- and 1.3-fold, respectively, in mice fed a diet containing 0.7% (w/w) BHA for 7 days. The level of MSP23 mRNA in these tissues also increased more than 2-fold after mice were fed BHA, suggesting that the induction of MSP23 is controlled at the transcription level. Immunostaining of the small intestine shows that MSP23 is expressed mainly in the columnar epithelial cells. The induction of MSP23 may be important to protect the cells and tissues against toxic electrophiles and reactive oxygen species. (+info)
Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 40, 1986)
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Dutasteride
POP, ANCA; KISS, BELA; LOGHIN, FELICIA (2013). "Endocrine disrupting effects of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA - E320)". Clujul ... Common reported side effects of the formula of Dutasteride including butylated hydrotoluene are sexual problems, breast ... and butylated hydroxytoluene. A few months may be required before benefits occur. It is also used for scalp hair loss in men ... notably butylated hydroxytoleuene, which is a known hormone axis disruptor, used in the formula for Avodart and Generic ...
Antioxidant
... butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA, E320) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, E321). The most common molecules attacked by oxidation ... Iverson F (June 1995). "Phenolic antioxidants: Health Protection Branch studies on butylated hydroxyanisole". Cancer Letters. ...
Food preservation
Antioxidants include butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Other preservatives include ... such as butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, tocopherols, hinokitiol, lysozyme, nisin, natamycin, chitosan, and ...
Food packaging
... butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tocopherols, hinokitiol); antimicrobial enzymes (e.g. lysozyme ...
Tert-Butylhydroquinone
It can be combined with other preservatives such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). As a food additive, its E number is E319. ... 1993). "Modification of carcinogenesis by -tocopherol, t-butylhydro-quinone, propyl gallate and butylated hydroxytoluene in a ...
Octyl gallate
It is a synergistic antioxidant with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Octyl gallate at ...
Antioxidante - Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre
Iverson F (1995). «Phenolic antioxidants: Health Protection Branch studies on butylated hydroxyanisole». Cancer Lett. 93 (1): ...
List of antioxidants in food
For antioxidants added to food to preserve them, see butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene. In the following ...
Naturally occurring phenols
Other methods include butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), Rancimat method (rancidification ... are the subject of research into the natural production of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), an antioxidant, food additive and ... The green alga Botryococcus braunii is the subject of research into the natural production of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ... 8-16, INIST:21511068 Babu B.; Wu J. T. (December 2008). "Production of Natural Butylated Hydroxytoluene as an Antioxidant by ...
Ethoxyquin
... butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole) in fish feed and commercially farmed fish". Food Addit Contam Part a ...
Isobutylene
... and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) are produced by Friedel-Crafts alkylation of phenols with isobutylene. tert-Butylamine is ... Polymerization of isobutylene produces butyl rubber (polyisobutylene or PIB). Antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene ( ...
Nitroquinoline-N-oxide reductase
... and glutathione transferases that act on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and their differential induction by butylated hydroxyanisole ...
Flour
Calcium propanoate Sodium benzoate Tricalcium phosphate Butylated hydroxyanisole "Cake flour" in particular is nearly always ...
Antioksidant - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija
Iverson F (1995). "Phenolic antioxidants: Health Protection Branch studies on butylated hydroxyanisole". Cancer Lett. 93 (1): ...
Amcinonide
... butylated hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate, citric acid, glycerin, and/ or propylene glycol. The specific inactive ingredients ...
Rancidification
Synthetic antioxidants include butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), TBHQ, propyl gallate and ...
Avrainvillea
... butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole and alpha-tocopherol). Avrainvillea erecta was reported to have strong ...
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Iverson F (1995). "Phenolic antioxidants: Health Protection Branch studies on butylated hydroxyanisole". Cancer Lett 93 (1): 49 ...
Anisole
Anethole Bromoanisole Butylated hydroxyanisole Ether Ethyl phenyl ether Phenol 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (cork taint) Nomenclature ...
Butylhydroxyanisol, den frie encyklopædi
Botterweck AAM, Vergaen H, GoldBohm RA, KleinJans J, van den Brant PA (2007). "Intake of Butylated Hydroxyanisole and Butylated ... a b Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA), CAS No. 25013-16-5, Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition, National Institutes of Health ... "Synthesis and chemical carcinogen inhibitory activity of 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole". J Med Chem. 22 (5): 569-71. PMID ...
NFE2L2
... butylated hydroxyanisole and ethoxyquin". Biochemical Society Transactions. 28 (2): 33-41. doi:10.1042/bst0280033. PMID ...
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... to plum juice to industrial additives such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and propyl gallate ...
List of food additives
... propellant Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) - antioxidant (fat soluble) Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) - antioxidant (fat soluble ...
C11H16O2
The molecular formula C11H16O2 (molar mass: 180.24354 g/mol, exact mass: 180.11503 u) may refer to: Butylated hydroxyanisole ...
Orofacial granulomatosis
... butylated hydroxyanisole, dodecyl gallate, tartrazine, or menthol, Examples of foods which may contain these substances include ...
Xenoestrogen
... butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA (food preservative) dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (one of the breakdown products of DDT) ...
Camlin Fine Sciences
... holds the patent for improved process in synthesis of BHA Butylated hydroxyanisole from TBHQ tert- ... CFS has emerged as the largest producer of food antioxidants like TBHQ tert-Butylhydroquinone and BHA Butylated hydroxyanisole ...
Food browning
... such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tocopherols, hinokitiol, lysozyme, nisin, natamycin ...
Butylated hydroxytoluene
... hepatocarcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1 in rats by low levels of the phenolic antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated ... sometimes alongside butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).[citation needed] Like many closely related phenol antioxidants, BHT has low ... "ICSC 0841 - BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE". www.inchem.org. March 1999. KEMI Anställd [KEMI Staff] (1994). "Teknisk beskrivning av ... Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), also known as dibutylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative ...
Butylated hydroxyanisole
"Intake of Butylated Hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene and Stomach Cancer Risk: Results from Analyses in the ... Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is an antioxidant consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds, 2-tert-butyl-4- ... Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA), CAS No. 25013-16-5 Archived 2010-06-05 at the Wayback Machine, Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh ... hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. It is prepared from 4-methoxyphenol and isobutylene. It is a waxy solid used ...
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Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) - antioksidan (yağda çözülür). *Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) - antioksidan (yağda çözülür) ...
Preservative
butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole also used in food packaging E310-312 gallic acid and sodium gallate oxygen ...
Antioxidant
... butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA, E320) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, E321).[178][179] The most common molecules attacked by ... Iverson F (June 1995). "Phenolic antioxidants: Health Protection Branch studies on butylated hydroxyanisole". Cancer Letters. ...
Acetylcysteine
Butylated hydroxyanisole. *Butylated hydroxytoluene. *2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol. *1,2-Diaminopropane ...
Ogi, entziklopedia askea.
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Naturally occurring phenols
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Butylated hydroxyanisole - Wikipedia
"Intake of Butylated Hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene and Stomach Cancer Risk: Results from Analyses in the ... Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is an antioxidant consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds, 2-tert-butyl-4- ... Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA), CAS No. 25013-16-5 Archived 2010-06-05 at the Wayback Machine, Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh ... hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. It is prepared from 4-methoxyphenol and isobutylene. It is a waxy solid used ...
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Butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene are used extensively as food antioxidants. It is estimated that man ... Butylate Butylate Hydroxytoluene Enterohepatic Circulation Butylate Hydroxyanisole Liver Cholesterol These keywords were added ... Butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene are used extensively as food antioxidants. It is estimated that man ... At levels 500 times this level (50 mg/kg/day), both butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene appear to be free of ...
608. Butylated hydroxyanisole (WHO Food Additives Series 21)
Butylated hydroxyanisole (WHO Food Additives Series 5) Butylated hydroxyanisole (WHO Food Additives Series 10) Butylated ... Reddy, B.S., Sharma, C., & Mathews, L. (1983b). Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole on the ... Lack of genotoxicity of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Soc. Toxicol., 4, 10. Witschi, R.P ... BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE (BHA) EXPLANATION This substance was evaluated for acceptable daily intake for man by the Joint FAO/ ...
Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 40, 1986)
See Also: Toxicological Abbreviations Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (WHO Food Additives Series 15) Butylated hydroxyanisole ( ... butylated hydroxyanisole either enhanced, inhibited or had no effect on carcinogenicity.. Butylated hydroxyanisole administered ... tert-Butyl-para-hydroxyanisole * tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole * 2(3)-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole * Embanox * Protex * Sustan 1F ... hydroxyanisole to humans. 5.4 Evaluation. There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of butylated hydroxyanisole to ...
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B.H.A (Butylated hydroxyanisole). B.H.A (Butylated hydroxyanisole) is an antioxidant consisting of a mixture of two isomeric ... BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) is a lab-made chemical that is added to foods as a preservative. People also use it as medicine. ... Like butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), the conjugated aromatic ring of BHA is able to stabilize free radicals, sequestering them ... organic compounds, 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. It is prepared from 4-methoxyphenol and ...
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6. Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) BHA is an antioxidant used as a preservative to prevent rancidity, which is the chemical ... Data on the potential carcinogenicity of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a related compound, is inconclusive. Choose higher- ... Data on the potential carcinogenicity of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a related compound, is inconclusive. Choose higher- ...
The peroxidase-dependent activation of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) to reactive intermediates....
The food antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are shown to be metabolized to covalent ... Thompson, D. C. ; Cha, Y. N. ; Trush, M. A. / The peroxidase-dependent activation of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated ... Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of The peroxidase-dependent activation of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated ... N2 - The food antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are shown to be metabolized to ...
Correction to: Butylated Hydroxyanisole Exerts Neurotoxic Effects by Promoting Cytosolic Calcium Accumulation and Endoplasmic...
Park, S., Lee, J. Y., Lim, W., You, S., & Song, G. (2019). Correction to: Butylated Hydroxyanisole Exerts Neurotoxic Effects by ... Park, S, Lee, JY, Lim, W, You, S & Song, G 2019, Correction to: Butylated Hydroxyanisole Exerts Neurotoxic Effects by ... Correction to: Butylated Hydroxyanisole Exerts Neurotoxic Effects by Promoting Cytosolic Calcium Accumulation and Endoplasmic ... Correction to: Butylated Hydroxyanisole Exerts Neurotoxic Effects by Promoting Cytosolic Calcium Accumulation and Endoplasmic ...
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Tissue-specific induction of murine glutathione transferase mRNAs by butylated hydroxyanisole<...
Tissue-specific induction of murine glutathione transferase mRNAs by butylated hydroxyanisole. W. R. Pearson, J. Reinhart, S. C ... Tissue-specific induction of murine glutathione transferase mRNAs by butylated hydroxyanisole. / Pearson, W. R.; Reinhart, J.; ... Tissue-specific induction of murine glutathione transferase mRNAs by butylated hydroxyanisole. Journal of Biological Chemistry ... title = "Tissue-specific induction of murine glutathione transferase mRNAs by butylated hydroxyanisole", ...
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Schist
Classification and Technological Purposes of Food Additives: The European Point of View | SpringerLink
AntioxidantPreservativeE320Tumours of the forestomachEthoxyquinChemopreventive agentsRatsTertHydroxytoluene manufacturersAntioxidantsTBHQCarcinogensHydroxy tolueneQuinone methideStabilizerWaxyToxicityPeroxidaseIngredientCarcinogenicPhenolicExposureSubstancesPreservativesMonkeysMutagenicFoodCalciumEffectsChemicalMolecularProductsOxidizing agentsInductionNaturalFree
Antioxidant13
- Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is an antioxidant consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds, 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. (wikipedia.org)
- Butylated Hydroxyanisole is an antioxidant consisting of a mixture of two isomers of tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. (chemicalbook.com)
- Butylated Hydroxyanisole is used in food preservation as it antioxidant properties pre vent food from becoming rancid. (chemicalbook.com)
- Butylated hydroxyanisole exhibits antioxidant properties as a scavenger of free radicals. (chemicalbook.com)
- Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) is an antioxidant that imparts stability to fats and oils and should be added before oxidation has started. (bosschemical.com)
- Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), also known as butylhydroxytoluene, is a fat-soluble organic compound that is primarily used as an antioxidant food additive (E number E321) as well as an antioxidant additive in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, jet fuels, rubber, petroleum products, electrical transformer oil, and embalming fluid. (aashrayafoundation.org)
- Butylated hydroxyanisole Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), also known as dibutylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol, that is useful for its antioxidant properties. (aashrayafoundation.org)
- B.H.A (Butylated hydroxyanisole) is an antioxidant consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds, 2- tert -butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3- tert -butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. (keshavhichem.com)
- These cDNA clones and an oligonucleotide derived from the sequence of a rat class-pi cDNA clone were used to measure the induction of the mu, alpha, and pi classes of GT mRNA in different tissues of mice that were fed the dietary antioxidant 2(3)-tert-butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA). (elsevier.com)
- Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) was the majorly used synthetic antioxidant, accounting for over 13 kilo tons in 2014. (prnewswire.co.uk)
- Butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), or 2- tert -butyl-4-methoxyphenol, is a commonly used antioxidant. (angelo.edu)
- Sponsored Listing 99.5% Best Price Antioxidant BHT Butylated Hydroxytoluene(BHT) is a white crystalline solid with a faint characteristic odor. (steunmijnclub.nl)
- GM Williams, MJ Iatropoulos, J Whysner (1999) Safety assessment of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene as antioxidant food additives. (steunmijnclub.nl)
Preservative4
- BHA (butylated hydroxy anisole) is a preservative with anti-oxidant capabilities, not to be confused with beta hydroxy acids (BHAs). (bosschemical.com)
- BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) is a lab-made chemical that is added to foods as a preservative. (aashrayafoundation.org)
- Butylated hydroxyanisole, or BHA, is a food preservative you can find both in your favorite breakfast food and in petroleum products. (thedailymeal.com)
- Butylated hydroxyanisole is added as a preservative. (rxlist.com)
E3201
- EFSA ANS (2011) Scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of butylated hydroxyanisole- BHA (E320) as a food additive. (springer.com)
Tumours of the forestomach2
- Butylated hydroxyanisole was tested for carcinogenicity in two experiments in rats and in two experiments in hamsters by administration in the diet, inducing benign and malignant tumours of the forestomach. (inchem.org)
- The repeated oral administration of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) to rats and hamsters produced tumours of the forestomach, an organ not found in man. (bibra-information.co.uk)
Ethoxyquin1
- Both Nrf2 (−/−) and Nrf2 (+/+) mice were fed a control diet or one supplemented with either synthetic cancer chemopreventive agents [butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), ethoxyquin (EQ), or oltipraz] or phytochemicals [indole-3-carbinol, cafestol and kahweol palmitate, sulforaphane, coumarin (CMRN), or α-angelicalactone]. (aacrjournals.org)
Chemopreventive agents1
- We also compared the effects of BITC with two other well known chemopreventive agents - butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and sulforaphane. (nih.gov)
Rats15
- Butylated hydroxyanisole was studied in mice and rats for its ability to modify the carcinogenicity of selected chemical agents. (inchem.org)
- Butylated hydroxyanisole administered to rats at maternally toxic and occasionally lethal doses during, or before, during and after, gestation induced slight embryotoxicity but no definite indication of teratogenicity. (inchem.org)
- In rats, feeding of butylated hydroxyanisole in the diet caused superficial necrosis, ulceration and hyperplasia of the squamous epithelium of the forestomach. (inchem.org)
- The effect of 2(3)- tert -butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) pretreatment of rats on both aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 )-DNA binding and AFB 1 -glutathione has been examined with isolated hepatocytes and in intact rats. (aacrjournals.org)
- The chronic hepatotoxic effects of mixed pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from the poisonous plant tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) and the ability of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and cysteine to alter these hepatic effects were studied in male rats. (elsevier.com)
- 6] Jeong SH et al, "Effects of butylated hydroxyanisole on the development and functions of reproductive system in rats," Toxicology, vol. 208, no. 1, pp. 49-62, 2005. (safecosmetics.org)
- 7] Masui T et al, "Sequential changes of the forestomach of F344 rats, Syrian golden hamsters, and B6C3F1 mice treated with butylated hydroxyanisole," Japanese journal of cancer research, vol. 77, no. 11, pp. 1083-90, 1986. (safecosmetics.org)
- Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and sodium L-ascorbate are capable of promoting chemically-induced forestomach and bladder cancer in male rats. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) adversely and permanently effects weight gain in rats exposued in utero and via lactation. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) exhibits liver toxicity in rats. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has been used to induce lung and liver toxicity in experiments with rats. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is associated abnormal changes of the thyroid gland in rats. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is associated hemorrhagic toxicosis in rats. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is associated with behavioral and developmental effects in rats in utero and in the lactation period. (greenmedinfo.com)
- A G i m b h ɁA uDose Response in Butylated Hydroxyanisole Induction of Forestomach Carcinogenesis in F344 rats. (geocities.jp)
Tert2
- It is a mixture of 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 2-tertbutyl-4-hydroxyanisole. (bosschemical.com)
- Synthetic antioxidants are Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA), Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), Propyl gallate and Tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). (medgadget.com)
Hydroxytoluene manufacturers2
- Sep 13, 2019· BHT Butylated hydroxytoluene manufacturers specifications. (steunmijnclub.nl)
- MSDS of BHT Butylated hydroxytoluene manufacturers. (steunmijnclub.nl)
Antioxidants8
- Butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene are used extensively as food antioxidants. (springer.com)
- V isible-light photo-irradiation of the commercial phenolic antioxidants (PhAs) butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), in the presence of vitamin B 2 (riboflavin, Rf), in methanolic solutions and under aerobic conditions, results in the photo-oxidation of the PhAs. (aashrayafoundation.org)
- Both carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic properties have been reported for the synthetic antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). (aashrayafoundation.org)
- The food antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are shown to be metabolized to covalent binding intemediates and various other metabolites by prostaglandin H synthase and horseradish peroxidase. (elsevier.com)
- These antioxidants include the naturally occurring tocopherols ( vitamin E derivatives) and the synthetic compounds butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). (britannica.com)
- It was also observed that pretreatment with bio-antioxidants viz butylated hydroxyanisole (55 μmol/100 μl), quercetin (10 μmol/100 μl), or α-tocopherol (40 μmol/100 μl) resulted in decreases of ROS generation, arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
- Apart from BHA Butylated Hydroxyanisole and BHT Butylated Hydroxytoluene, we also offer TBHQ Tertiary Butylhydroquinone the main antioxidants for oils and fats. (steunmijnclub.nl)
- Synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are common synthetic antioxidants used in food stabilization. (scielo.br)
TBHQ1
- We offer BHA Butylated Hydroxyanisole, BHT Butylated Hydroxytoluene and TBHQ Tertiary Butylhydroquinone. (aashrayafoundation.org)
Carcinogens4
- Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA), CAS No. 25013-16-5 Archived 2010-06-05 at the Wayback Machine, Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition, National Institutes of Health Botterweck AAM, Vergaen H, GoldBohm RA, KleinJans J, van den Brant PA (2007). (wikipedia.org)
- When administered with known carcinogens, butylated hydroxyanisole either enhanced, inhibited or had no effect on carcinogenicity. (inchem.org)
- When tested in combination with other chemicals (usually known mutagens or carcinogens), butylated hydroxyanisole often modified their DNA damaging, mutagenic and clastogenic activities. (inchem.org)
- In most studies, butylated hydroxyanisole reduced the activity of indirectly-acting mutagens/carcinogens. (inchem.org)
Hydroxy toluene2
- Find details of companies offering butylated hydroxy toluene at best price. (steunmijnclub.nl)
- Listed manufacturers, suppliers, dealers & exporters are offering best deals for butylated hydroxy toluene. (steunmijnclub.nl)
Quinone methide2
- Enhancement of the peroxidase-mediated oxidation of butylated hydroxytoluene to a quinone methide by phenolic and amine compounds. (cdc.gov)
- We have recently demonstrated that butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) markedly stimulates the peroxidase-dependent oxidation of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) to the potentially toxic BHT-quinone methide. (cdc.gov)
Stabilizer1
- The global butylated hydroxytoluene market has witnessed significant growth due to the expansion of cosmetics industry, as butylated hydroxytoluene is used as a stabilizer in cosmetics. (steunmijnclub.nl)
Waxy1
- Specifications of Butylated hydroxyanisole: Butylated hydroxyanisole is a white to slightly yellow waxy flakes with characteristic odor. (aashrayafoundation.org)
Toxicity1
- Long term chronic ingestion of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene may be beneficial in sparing vitamin E and in modifying the acute toxicity of a number of mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals. (springer.com)
Peroxidase1
- The peroxidase-dependent activation of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) to reactive intermediates. (elsevier.com)
Ingredient1
- It is typically supplied in a formulation composed of the active ingredient dissolved in a mixture of mono-di-glycerides of caprylic/capric acid, and butylated hydroxytoluene. (wikipedia.org)
Carcinogenic2
- However, at larger doses (500 mg/kg/day), both butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene result in certain pathological, enzyme, and lipid alterations in both rodents and monkeys, and butylated hydroxytoluene, in some cases, has been reported to have certain teratogenic and carcinogenic effects upon rodents. (springer.com)
- Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) activates the lung carcinogenic effect of 3-methylcoholanthrene. (greenmedinfo.com)
Phenolic1
- b ) Adjunct for phenolic resins: Aluminum butylate. (fda.gov)
Exposure1
- Butylated hydroxyanisole degrades with prolonged exposure to sunlight. (chemicalbook.com)
Substances1
- Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) for all animal species. (europa.eu)
Preservatives3
- When fatty or oily foods are treated with BHA, or its chemical cousin BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), the preservatives occupy the attention of attacking oxygen molecules in a process chemists. (aashrayafoundation.org)
- BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) and BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) are widely used by the food industry as preservatives, mainly to prevent oils in foods from oxidizing and becoming rancid. (aashrayafoundation.org)
- Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are used as preservatives in a variety of personal care products. (safecosmetics.org)
Monkeys2
- These alterations appear to differ markedly between rodents and monkeys, apparently as a result of differences which exist in the metabolism and excretion of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene by these two species. (springer.com)
- Administration of butylated hydroxyanisole by gavage to monkeys was associated with an elevated mitotic index in the squamous epithelium of the distal oesophagus. (inchem.org)
Mutagenic1
- Butylated hydroxyanisole was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium , Drosophila melanogaster or to Chinese hamster cells in vitro . (inchem.org)
Food3
- EFSA ANS (2012) Scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of butylated hydroxytoluene - BHT (E321) as a food additive. (springer.com)
- 8] Botterweck AA, "Intake of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene and stomach cancer risk: results from analyses in the Netherlands Cohort Study," Food and chemical toxicology, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 599-605, 2000. (safecosmetics.org)
- Overall Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) is of higher concern in food. (steunmijnclub.nl)
Calcium1
- Correction to: Butylated Hydroxyanisole Exerts Neurotoxic Effects by Promoting Cytosolic Calcium Accumulation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Astrocytes (J. Agric. (elsevier.com)
Effects3
- At levels 500 times this level (50 mg/kg/day), both butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene appear to be free of any obviously injurious effects. (springer.com)
- Yet since the ban on the further usage of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) by the FAO in 1980, there have been several reports indicating that BHA and BHT might have both beneficial and detrimental effects. (aashrayafoundation.org)
- Common reported side effects of the formula of Dutasteride including butylated hydrotoluene are sexual problems, breast tenderness, and breast enlargement. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical1
- We have gained top position in this province by offering our customers supreme quality Butylated Hydroxyanisole This chemical is processed under the strict guidance of adroit experts using excellent quality chemical compounds in adherence with set industry standards at vendor's unit. (chinaadditives.net)
Molecular1
- The authors have corrected the molecular structure of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in revised Figure 7. (elsevier.com)
Products1
- Butylated Hydroxyanisoleas is also used in animal feed, petroleum products, and cosmetics. (chemicalbook.com)
Oxidizing agents1
- Butylated hydroxyanisole is incompatible with oxidizing agents and ferric salts. (chemicalbook.com)
Induction1
- Adler, P. N. / Tissue-specific induction of murine glutathione transferase mRNAs by butylated hydroxyanisole . (elsevier.com)
Natural1
- They'll be hidden under names like "Butylated HydroxyAnisole" or "natural flavoring. (sott.net)
Free1
- Like butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), the conjugated aromatic ring of BHA is able to stabilize free radicals, sequestering them. (wikipedia.org)