Bursa of Fabricius
Bursa, Synovial
Chickens
Infectious bursal disease virus
Bursitis
Poultry Diseases
Diptera
An order of the class Insecta. Wings, when present, number two and distinguish Diptera from other so-called flies, while the halteres, or reduced hindwings, separate Diptera from other insects with one pair of wings. The order includes the families Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Phoridae, SARCOPHAGIDAE, Scatophagidae, Sciaridae, SIMULIIDAE, Tabanidae, Therevidae, Trypetidae, CERATOPOGONIDAE; CHIRONOMIDAE; CULICIDAE; DROSOPHILIDAE; GLOSSINIDAE; MUSCIDAE; TEPHRITIDAE; and PSYCHODIDAE. The larval form of Diptera species are called maggots (see LARVA).
Entomology
Cloaca
A dilated cavity extended caudally from the hindgut. In adult birds, reptiles, amphibians, and many fishes but few mammals, cloaca is a common chamber into which the digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts discharge their contents. In most mammals, cloaca gives rise to LARGE INTESTINE; URINARY BLADDER; and GENITALIA.
Chick Embryo
Avian Leukosis
Saccharum
Beetles
Marek Disease
Mardivirus
Heteroptera
Larva
Lymphoid Tissue
Hevea
B-Lymphocytes
Thymus Gland
A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.
Androgens
Compounds that interact with ANDROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of TESTOSTERONE. Depending on the target tissues, androgenic effects can be on SEX DIFFERENTIATION; male reproductive organs, SPERMATOGENESIS; secondary male SEX CHARACTERISTICS; LIBIDO; development of muscle mass, strength, and power.
Testosterone
A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.
Circovirus
A genus of the family CIRCOVIRIDAE that infects SWINE; PSITTACINES; and non-psittacine BIRDS. Species include Beak and feather disease virus causing a fatal disease in psittacine birds, and Porcine circovirus causing postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs (PORCINE POSTWEANING MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME).
Inclusion Bodies, Viral
An area showing altered staining behavior in the nucleus or cytoplasm of a virus-infected cell. Some inclusion bodies represent "virus factories" in which viral nucleic acid or protein is being synthesized; others are merely artifacts of fixation and staining. One example, Negri bodies, are found in the cytoplasm or processes of nerve cells in animals that have died from rabies.
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Inclusion Bodies
A generic term for any circumscribed mass of foreign (e.g., lead or viruses) or metabolically inactive materials (e.g., ceroid or MALLORY BODIES), within the cytoplasm or nucleus of a cell. Inclusion bodies are in cells infected with certain filtrable viruses, observed especially in nerve, epithelial, or endothelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Air Sacs
Encyclopedias as Topic
Abdominal Muscles
Phascolarctidae
Basal Metabolism
Heat production, or its measurement, of an organism at the lowest level of cell chemistry in an inactive, awake, fasting state. It may be determined directly by means of a calorimeter or indirectly by calculating the heat production from an analysis of the end products of oxidation within the organism or from the amount of oxygen utilized.
Reptiles
Dictionaries as Topic
Terminology as Topic
Seasons
Breeding
Songbirds
Role of Nr13 in regulation of programmed cell death in the bursa of Fabricius. (1/244)
Apoptotic cell death is developmentally regulated in the chicken bursa of Fabricius. Although apoptosis is low in the embryonic bursa, cell death increases markedly after hatching. The expression of Bcl2 family cell death antagonists was examined to identify the genes that regulate bursal cell apoptosis. The expression of Bcl-xL, A1, and Mcl1 was detected in both embryos and hatched birds, whereas Nr13 was expressed at high levels in embryonic bursa, and decreased significantly after hatching, correlating inversely with apoptosis. The oncogene v-reland phorbol myristate acetate, two known inhibitors of bursal cell apoptosis, induced Nr13 expression. Overexpression of Nr13 in DT40 bursal lymphoma cells protected them from low serum-induced apoptosis. The mechanism of inhibition of apoptosis by Nr13 is likely to involve a critical BH4 domain and interaction with death agonist Bax. Deletion of the BH4 domain converted Nr13 into a death agonist. Bax coimmunoprecipitated with Nr13 and Bax was induced, whereas Nr13 levels diminished when bursal lymphoblasts were induced to apoptosis by dispersion. Bursal transplantation studies demonstrated that Nr13 could prevent the in vivo programmed elimination of bursal stem cells after hatching, suggesting that Nr13 plays a role in maintaining bursal stem cells. (+info)Lysis of myelocytes in chickens infected with infectious bursal disease virus. (2/244)
In specific-pathogen-free chickens infected with the highly virulent HPS-2 strain or virulent reference GBF-1 strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), pathologic changes of the bone marrow were investigated. On histologic examination, bone marrow lesions were prominent in the HPS-2 group but only mild in the GBF-1 group. The bone marrow of the HPS-2 group showed severe lysis and depletion of heterophil myelocytes with pyknotic nuclear alteration 2-3 days after inoculation. On examination with an electron microscope, heterophil myelocytes were characterized by shrinkage of the cytoplasm and peripheral condensation of nuclear chromatin. IBDV particles were not detected in altered myelocytes. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling method demonstrated a positive reaction in only heterophil myelocytes. In contrast, nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HPS-2-infected bone marrow cells was indiscernible by agarose gel electrophoresis. These findings indicate that lysis of bone marrow cells is selectively induced in heterophil myelocytes at an early stage after IBDV infection and independent of virus replication. (+info)Infectivity to hosts of the endogenous stages of chicken and murine Cryptosporidium. (3/244)
Five groups of 4 mice each were inoculated with 10(6) Cryptosporidium muris oocysts. They were necropsied on days 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10. The stomach mucosa from each group were made into 10% suspension in physiological saline and were orally inoculated to 2 mice each. Recipients given suspension from infected mice on day 6, 8 and 10 shed oocysts from 6, 9 and 6, respectively. Similarly, White Leghorn received 10(6) Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts were killed daily between 1 and 6 days. Recipients given bursa of Fabricius or caecum of donor birds on days 4, 5 and 6 shed oocysts. The endogenous stages of murine and chicken Cryptosporidium were able to infect the appropriate host. (+info)Effect of thymus extract on immunologic reactivity of chicken vaccinated with infectious bursal disease virus. (4/244)
The effects of crude thymus extract on the immune response and protection against challenge with virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were studied in one-day-old chick. Oral administration of thymus extract (1 ml/kg) markedly and significantly increased the total protein, albumin, globulin, Tri-iodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4) and the body weight gain in one-day-old chick. In addition, it increased the total lymphocytic count over four weeks after administration. Although vaccination also increased total protein, globulin, T4 and the total lymphocytic count but it significantly decreased the body weight gain of the chick and administration of thymus extract, before, during or after vaccination markedly improved the vaccination effectiveness with significant elevation of the globulin level and body weight gain of the chick. It also prevented the decrease in the relative weights of bursa, spleen and thyroid gland which commonly prevailed during vaccination. Chicken administered thymus extract and vaccinated with infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine showed 100% protection against challenge with IBDV. Meanwhile the vaccinated non-thymus treated group exhibited 80% protection against IBDV challenge. These results indicate a potentiating effect of thymus extract on the immune system in baby chick. These findings are supported by ELISA results that showed a marked increase in antibody titers in thymus treated groups. Additionally, microscopical examination of the bursa and the existent lymphoid hyperplasia in thymus treated groups but not vaccinated group support our findings. (+info)Development of B cells expressing surface immunoglobulin molecules that lack V(D)J-encoded determinants in the avian embryo bursa of fabricius. (5/244)
Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in avian B cell precursors generates surface Ig receptors of limited diversity. It has been proposed that specificities encoded by these receptors play a critical role in B lineage development by recognizing endogenous ligands within the bursa of Fabricius. To address this issue directly we have introduced a truncated surface IgM, lacking variable region domains, into developing B precursors by retroviral gene transfer in vivo. Cells expressing this truncated receptor lack endogenous surface IgM, and the low level of endogenous Ig rearrangements that have occurred within this population of cells has not been selected for having a productive reading frame. Such cells proliferate rapidly within bursal epithelial buds of normal morphology. In addition, despite reduced levels of endogenous light chain rearrangement, those light chain rearrangements that have occurred have undergone variable region diversification by gene conversion. Therefore, although surface expression of an Ig receptor is required for bursal colonization and the induction of gene conversion, the specificity encoded by the prediversified receptor is irrelevant and, consequently, there is no obligate ligand for V(D)J-encoded determinants of prediversified avian cell surface IgM receptor. (+info)Efficient antibody diversification by gene conversion in vivo in the absence of selection for V(D)J-encoded determinants. (6/244)
Antibody diversification in the bursa of Fabricius occurs by gene conversion: pseudogene-derived sequences replace homologous sequences in rearranged immunoglobulin genes. Bursal cells expressing a truncated immunoglobulin mu heavy chain, introduced by retroviral gene transfer, bypass normal requirements for endogenous surface immunoglobulin expression. Immunoglobulin light chain rearrangements in such cells undergo gene conversion under conditions where the products are not selected based on their ability to encode a functional protein. The efficiency with which gene conversion maintains a productive reading frame exceeds 97% under such non-selective conditions. By analysis of donor pseudogene usage we demonstrate that bursal cell development is not driven by a restricted set of antigenic specificities. We further demonstrate that gene conversion can restore a productive reading frame to out-of-frame VJ(L) junctions, providing a rationale for the elimination of cells containing non-productive VJ(L) rearrangements prior to the onset of gene conversion in normal bursal cell development. (+info)Effects of antioxidants on induction of apoptosis in bursal cells of Fabricius during in vitro cultivation. (7/244)
After physically disrupting cell contacts, apoptosis of bursal cells of Fabricius was induced during in vitro cultivation. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased with incubation time and approximately 70% cells represented apoptosis after 6 hr of incubation. The induction of apoptosis was significantly inhibited by treatment of the cells with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), but not with trolox, a vitamin E analog. An intense DNA ladder pattern was shown at 6 hr post-isolation, which is a biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Treatment of the cells with ascorbic acid inhibited the DNA fragmentation, but trolox did not. To monitor the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROSs), the intensity of fluorescence emitted from DCFH-DA was measured. The intensity of fluorescence from cells incubated for 0.5-2 hr was approximately 2-fold higher than that from cells at 0 hr. The relative intensity of fluorescence decreased immediately after the addition of ascorbic acid to the cells. The intensity from the cells treated with ascorbic acid was 20-30% of that from the control cells at each incubation time. For trolox, the intensity was 50-70% of that from the control cells at each 1 to 2 hr incubation time. When ROSs-induced lipid peroxidation was assessed using cis-parinaric acid (PnA) as a monitor molecule, lipid peroxidation was found to occur in the control cells after isolation of the bursal cells. Treatment of the cells with trolox reduced lipid peroxidation, but treatment with ascorbic acid enhanced peroxidation. (+info)Perinatal deletion of B cells expressing surface Ig molecules that lack V(D)J-encoded determinants in the bursa of Fabricius is not due to intrafollicular competition. (8/244)
During embryonic development, the avian bursa of Fabricius selects B cell precursors that have undergone productive V(D)J recombination for expansion in oligoclonal follicles. During this expansion, Ig diversity is generated by gene conversion. We have used retroviral gene transfer in vivo to introduce surface Ig molecules that lack V(D)J-encoded determinants into B cell precursors. This truncated mu heavy chain supports both B cell expansion within embryo bursal lymphoid follicles and gene conversion. We show that individual follicles can be colonized exclusively by cells expressing the truncated mu chain and lacking endogenous surface IgM, ruling out a requirement for V(D)J-encoded determinants in the establishment of bursal lymphoid follicles. In striking contrast to their normal development in the embryo, bursal cells expressing the truncated mu-chain exhibit reduced rates of cell division and increased levels of apoptosis after hatching. The level of apoptosis in individual follicles reflects the proportion of cells within the follicle that express the truncated mu-chain. In particular, high levels of apoptosis are associated with follicles containing exclusively cells expressing the truncated micro receptor. Thus, apoptotic elimination of such cells is not due to competition within the follicle by cells expressing endogenous surface IgM receptors. This provides the first direct demonstration that the regulation of B cell development in the avian bursa after hatching differs fundamentally from that seen in the embryo. The requirement for intact IgM expression when the bursa is exposed to exogenous Ag implicates a role for Ag in avian B cell development after hatching. (+info)
Imaging of the Bursae - Journal of Clinical Imaging Science
The bursa of Fabricius of the chicken embryo: localization and ontogenic evolution of sex-steroid target cells | Development
Particles resembling circovirus in the bursa of Fabricius of pigeons.<...
Full-length cDNAs from chicken bursal lymphocytes to facilitate gene function analysis
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Sepsis punctum (Fabricius, 1794) -- Discover Life
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Weekend Cold and Flu Forecast for Bursa, Turkey
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Bursa Injections
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Heal | Health Information News
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7 Grain Tram from Germany to Bursa
ICD-10-PCS Code 0MU94JZ - Supplement Right Upper Extremity Bursa and Ligament with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous...
ICD-10-PCS Code 0M9W3ZZ - Drainage of Left Lower Extremity Bursa and Ligament, Percutaneous Approach - Codify by AAPC
arthroscopic hip bursectomy
Crossing the Threshold of Lymphocyte Activation | The Journal of Immunology
Smilax pilosa Fabricius 1787 - Plazi TreatmentBank
Preben Fabricius & Jørgen Kastholm Archives - Dansk Møbelkunst
Preben Fabricius & Jørgen Kastholm Archives - Dansk Møbelkunst
Memoirs: On the Early Stages in the Development of Flustrella hispida (Fabricius), and on the Existence of a Yolk Nucleus in...
Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius, 1775)
Time changes in year 2010 for Turkey - Bursa
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ICD-10-CM Code M71.01 - Abscess of bursa, shoulder
How do you perform the surgical removal of an elbow bursa sack? | Reference.com
And We Are the Brave Youth of This Ummah - The Pen Magazine
infraspinatus bursa
anserine bursa
Köfte Diyarı Nilüfer (Görükle Mah.), Bursa Food Delivery
KVKK Aydınlatma Metni [Ziyaretçi] - Bursa Textile Show
Abacus Tavuk Nilüfer (Görükle Mah.), Bursa Food Delivery
Bursa to Foça - 6 ways to travel via train, bus, taxi, car, shuttle, and plane
M71.472 CALCIUM DEPOSIT IN BURSA, LEFT ANKLE AND FOOT
Error kode 805a0190 pada bursa hp microsoft
Otomotiv Terimleri Sözlüğü - Bursa Araç Merkezi
Cells of the Immune System
Trochanteric Bursectomy
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Template:Kadej, 2018 - Wikispecies
Bursa-dependent lymphocytes | definition of bursa-dependent lymphocytes by Medical dictionary
Common Leg Problems: Bursae Your Horse Magazine
His bursa | definition of His bursa by Medical dictionary
Fabricius, De visione, voce, auditu | June 2017 Notes from the John Martin Rare Book Room @Hardin Library - Hardin News
Subcutaneous bursa | anatomy | Britannica
Atta cephalotes - AntWiki
Bursae & Cysts
Cranioplasty Cost in Bursa & Best Hospitals for Cranioplasty in Bursa
Get PDF - Natural enemies of mealy plum aphid hyalopterus arundinis fabricius aphididae homoptera in kashmir india
Notes On the Courtship and Mating Behavior in Penaeus Monodon Fabricius (Decapoda, Natantia) 1) » Brill Online
WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Nephthys caeca (Fabricius, 1780)
Hip Pain | Performance Health Spine & Sport Therapy
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Determining the host specificity of the biological control agent <i>Trichomalus perfectus</i> (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): the...
Atlanta Bursa Injections | Georgia Bursitis Pain Relief | Treatment of Bursitis
Bursa rupture? - The Ready State
Knee Bursa, Physical Therapy, New Jersey, NJ
Hip Bursa, Physical Therapy, New Jersey, NJ
What is Bursitis? - Absolute Physical Therapy
The Divergence of Lymphocyte Development Pathways | The Journal of Immunology
EENY671/IN1154: Sirex Woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)
Linnaeus Link Union Catalogue
Health Library
Ulu Mosque | mosque, Bursa, Turkey | Britannica
DND MASTIFFS
Interosseous bursa of elbow definition | Drugs.com
Mobil Bekas Jual Beli Mobil Bekas Murah Bursa Mobil Bekas Jakarta, Jual Beli Mobil
Bursa Malaysia Market News: CIMB Research maintains Overweight on O&G sector
Seri Bubble dan Crash Bursa Saham 1: Tulip Bulb Mania
Pure B-Cell Disorders Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination
Pure B-Cell Disorders Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Activity
B cell - Wikipedia
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Bursitis
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Review of the Canadian Eustrophinae (Coleoptera, Tetratomidae)
Species profile: Chaetopteryx villosa | trichopteraireland
Coenobita clypeatus - Wikispecies
bursa Not known Factual Statements About masaj salonu - Blog
2017/18 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code M71.0: Abscess of bursa
ICD-10 Diagnosis Code M71.079 Abscess of bursa, unspecified ankle and foot
Bird anatomy
The bursa of fabricius, also known as the cloacal bursa, is a lymphoid organ which aids in the production of B lymphocytes ... The bursa of fabricius is a circular pouch connected to the superior dorsal side of the cloaca . The bursa is composed of many ... The bursa of fabricius is present during juvenile stages but curls up, and in the sparrow is not visible after the sparrow ... "Development of the follicle-associated epithelium and the secretory dendritic cell in the bursa of fabricius of the guinea fowl ...
Chicken as biological research model
Glick, B.; Chang, T.S.; Jaap, R.G. (1956). "The bursa of Fabricius and antibody production". Poultry Science. 35: 224-225. doi: ... Bursa cells were termed B-cells for Bursa to differentiate them from thymus derived T-cells. The chicken embryo is a unique ... Chickens missing their bursa, an organ with an unknown function at the time, could not be induced to make antibodies. Through ... these experiments, Bruce Glick, correctly deduced that bursa was responsible for making the cells that produced antibodies. ...
Marek's disease
5% in unvaccinated flocks; (4) Potential nerve enlargement; (5) Interfollicular tumors in the bursa of Fabricius; (6) CNS ... the humoral immunity conferred by the B-cell lines from the Bursa of Fabricius also shuts down, thus resulting in birds that ...
Avian sarcoma leukosis virus
In addition, other abdominal organs and the bursa of Fabricius are often infected. Lymphoid leukosis has a worldwide ... and neoplasia of the bursa. The disease is also characterized by an enlarged liver due to infiltration of cancerous lymphoid ...
Avian immune system
The central organ for B cell development in birds is the Bursa of Fabricius. The function of the bursa was discovered when it ... The Bursa of Fabricius is an organ that is unique to birds and is the only site for B cell differentiation and maturation. ... Each population differentiates from a primary lymphoid organ: T cells in the thymus and B cells in the Bursa of Fabricius. ... This is often measured by weight of the Bursa of Fabricius, improved resistance to disease and earlier appearance of IgA. ...
Avibirnavirus
It causes severe inflammation of the bursa of Fabricius, and causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Initially, the virus ...
Avian orthoreovirus
A different study of early pathogenesis in chicks infected with virus one day after birth displayed that the bursa of Fabricius ... bursa of Fabricius, and thymus. When young chickens are experimentally infected with avian reovirus, it is spread rapidly ...
Infectious bursal disease
... the bursa). After ingestion, the virus destroys the lymphoid follicles in the bursa of Fabricius as well as the circulating B- ... Young birds at around two to eight weeks of age that have highly active bursa of Fabricius are more susceptible to disease. ... Necropsy examination will usually show changes in the bursa of Fabricius such as swelling, oedema, haemorrhage, the presence of ... Low-attenuated vaccine strains may cause damage to the bursa of Fabricius and immunosuppression in susceptible chicks. ...
Aflatoxin B1
Sur, E; Celik, İ (2003). "Effects of aflatoxin B1on the development of the bursa of Fabricius and blood lymphocyte acid ... Embryotoxicity Embryonic death and impaired embryonic development of the bursa of Fabricius in chicken by aflatoxin B1 has been ...
Histomoniasis
Unusual lesions have been observed in other organs of turkey such as the bursa of Fabricius, lungs, and kidneys. Currently, no ... "Systemic Histomoniasis Associated with High Mortality and Unusual Lesions in the Bursa of Fabricius, Kidneys, and Lungs in ...
Psittacine beak and feather disease
Because the virus also affects the thymus and Bursa of Fabricius, slowing lymphocyte production, immunosuppression occurs and ... and bursa of Fabricius; while the capsid antigen of BFDV is found in the spleen, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid and bone marrow. ...
Duck plague
... and bursa of Fabricius. DVH-1 replicates in the mucus membranes of bird's esophagus and cloaca, the two primary entrances of ... Typically viral replication begins in the digestive track and moves to bursa of Fabricuis, thymus, spleen, and liver. Anatid ...
Prosthogonimidae
The adults of these parasites occur in the bursa of Fabricius, caecum, cloaca, liver, oviduct and sometimes even under the ...
Barn owl
This is correlated with smaller bursa of Fabricius, glands associated with antibody production, and a lower fecundity of the ...
பி உயிரணு - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியா
Bursa of Fabricius *↑ Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts k, Walter P (2002) Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland ... பறவைகளில் ஃபப்ரிசியசின் இழைமப்பையில் (bursa of Fabricius) "பி" செல்கள் முதிர்வடைகின்றன[1]. பாலூட்டிகளில் முதிர்வடையாத "பி" ...
Lymphocyte
... referring to the bursa of Fabricius.[1] However, in humans (who do not have that organ), the bone marrow makes B cells, and the ... T cells (thymus cells) and B cells (bone marrow- or bursa-derived cells[a]) are the major cellular components of the adaptive ... B cells mature into B lymphocytes in the bursa equivalent, which in humans is the GALT, which is thought to be located in the ... The process of B-cell maturation was elucidated in birds and the B most likely means "bursa-derived" ...
Lymphoid leucosis
It is a neoplastic disease caused by a virus, which may take the form of a tumor of the bursa of Fabricius and may metastasize ... Symptoms include enlargement of abdomen, bursa, weight loss, weakness and emaciation, and depression. The disease is more ...
Sharp-tailed streamcreeper
The first Guyana specimen, collected on July 24, 2004, had a smooth ovary measuring 4x3 mm, a bursa of Fabricius measuring 3x3 ...
B cell
In birds, B cells mature in the bursa of Fabricius, a lymphoid organ where they were first discovered by Chang and Glick, which ... is why the 'B' stands for bursa and not bone marrow as commonly believed. B cells, unlike the other two classes of lymphocytes ...
List of MeSH codes (A15)
... bursa of fabricius MeSH A15.382.520.604.250 - germinal center MeSH A15.382.520.604.250.200 - dendritic cells, follicular MeSH ...
Lymphocyte
... "bursa-derived" referring to the bursa of Fabricius. However, in humans (who do not have that organ), the bone marrow makes B ... B cells mature in the bursa of Fabricius, a lymphoid organ where they were first discovered by Chang and Glick, (B for bursa) ... T cells (thymus cells) and B cells (bone marrow- or bursa-derived cells) are the major cellular components of the adaptive ...
Lymphopoiesis
... but it is a mere coincidence since B cells were first studied in the chicken's bursa of Fabricius and it is from this bursa ...
List of MeSH codes (A10)
... bursa of fabricius MeSH A10.549.250 - germinal center MeSH A10.549.250.200 - dendritic cells, follicular MeSH A10.549.400 - ...
Index of immunology articles
BNAber Body odor Bone marrow-derived macrophage Breakthrough infection Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies Bursa of Fabricius ...
Bursa (disambiguation)
Ethiopia Bursa (genus), a genus of gastropods Bursa of Fabricius, a lymphatic organ in birds Bursa Tumbler, a breed of domestic ... Bursa is a large city in Turkey Bursa may also refer to: Bursa Province, Asian Turkey, named after its above capital Bursa ( ... also known as The Bursa Bursa (Romanian newspaper), published in Bucharest Bursa (Star Wars), a fictional creature SS Bursa, a ... Bursa Efek Jakarta or Jakarta Stock Exchange Bursa Efek Surabaya or Surabaya Stock Exchange Bursa Malaysia, the Malaysian stock ...
Synovial bursa
Bursae or bursas is its plural form. Bursa of Fabricius (a lymphatic organ in birds) Bursectomy Knee bursae Shoulder joint# ... A synovial bursa (plural bursae or bursas) is a small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer ... Infection or irritation of a bursa leads to bursitis (inflammation of a bursa). The general term for disease of bursae is " ... Bursae are found around most major joints of the body. There are four types of bursa: adventitious, subcutaneous, synovial, and ...
Hieronymus Fabricius
The Bursa Fabricii (the site of hematopoiesis in birds) is named after Fabricius. A manuscript entitled De Formatione Ovi et ... It contains the first description of the bursa. Fabricius contributed much to the field of surgery. Though he never actually ... Glick, Bruce (1991). "Historical perspective: the bursa of Fabricius and its influence on B-cell development, past and present ... Fabricius' description of the tracheotomy procedure is similar to that used today. Julius Casserius published his own writings ...
Bursa of Fabricius
In birds, the bursa of Fabricius (Latin: Bursa cloacalis or Bursa fabricii) is the site of hematopoiesis, a specialized organ ... The bursa is present in the cloaca of birds and is named after Hieronymus Fabricius, who described it in 1621. The bursa is an ... Fabricius Glick, B; Chang, TS; Jaap, RG (1 January 1956). "The Bursa of Fabricius and Antibody Production". Poultry Science. 35 ... Glick, B. (1983). The bursa of Fabricius. In "Avian Biology" Vol. 7 (D.S. Farner, J.R. King, and K.C.Parkes, Eds.). New York: ...
Lümfotsüüt - Vikipeedia, vaba entsüklopeedia
... referring to the bursa of Fabricius. "B Cell". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Encyclopedia Brittanica. Vaadatud 28. oktoober 2011. ... The process of B-cell maturation was elucidated in birds and the B most likely means "bursa-derived" ... ladina bursa Fabricii),[7] millest tuleneb ka B-rakkude nimetus. Imetajatel diferentseeruvad B-rakud luuüdis. ...
Tüümus - Vikipeedia
Hemmingsson EJ, Aim GV (1973) Migration of haemopoietic cells from the yolk sac to the thymus and the bursa of Fabricius in the ...
Histomoniasis
Unusual lesions have been observed in other organs of turkey such as the bursa of Fabricius, lungs, and kidneys.[10] ... "Systemic Histomoniasis Associated with High Mortality and Unusual Lesions in the Bursa of Fabricius, Kidneys, and Lungs in ...
Tüümus - Vikipeedia
Hemmingsson EJ, Aim GV (1973) Migration of haemopoietic cells from the yolk sac to the thymus and the bursa of Fabricius in the ...
ಶಸ್ತ್ರಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ
Hieronymus Fabricius, Operationes chirurgicae, 1685. ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಯುಗದೊಂದಿಗೆ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಶಸ್ತ್ರಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆಯು ಶೀಘ್ರದಲ್ಲಿಯೇ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ...
Lymphocyte
... referring to the bursa of Fabricius.[1] However, in humans (who do not have that organ), the bone marrow makes B cells, and the ... T cells (thymus cells) and B cells (bone marrow- or bursa-derived cells[a]) are the major cellular components of the adaptive ... B cells mature into B lymphocytes in the bursa equivalent, which in humans is the GALT, which is thought to be located in the ... The process of B-cell maturation was elucidated in birds and the B most likely means "bursa-derived" ...
Surgery
After completion of surgery, the patient is transferred to the post anesthesia care unit and closely monitored. When the patient is judged to have recovered from the anesthesia, he/she is either transferred to a surgical ward elsewhere in the hospital or discharged home. During the post-operative period, the patient's general function is assessed, the outcome of the procedure is assessed, and the surgical site is checked for signs of infection. There are several risk factors associated with postoperative complications, such as immune deficiency and obesity. Obesity has long been considered a risk factor for adverse post-surgical outcomes. It has been linked to many disorders such as obesity hypoventilation syndrome, atelectasis and pulmonary embolism, adverse cardiovascular effects, and wound healing complications.[11] If removable skin closures are used, they are removed after 7 to 10 days post-operatively, or after healing of the incision is well under way. It is not uncommon for surgical ...
Lista de gasterópodos de Galicia, a enciclopedia libre
Fabricius, 1780. ........... ........... Stramonita haemastoma. Linné, 1766. Caracol púrpura de boca vermella. ........... En ... Bursa scrobilator. Linné, 1758. ........... ........... En Wikimedia Commons: Category:Bursidae Bythinia tentaculata. Linné, ...
Avian orthoreovirus
... bursa of Fabricius, and thymus. When young chickens are experimentally infected with avian reovirus, it is spread rapidly ... A different study of early pathogenesis in chicks infected with virus one day after birth displayed that the bursa of Fabricius ...
List of first women lawyers and judges in Europe
Ragnhild Fabricius Gjellerup: First female judge in Denmark (1934) Ingeborg Hansen: First female lawyer to practice before the ... upon her appointment to the Bursa Civil Court of First Instance in 1932) [Adana Province, Turkey] Sema Aksoy: First female to ...
List of ancient Romans
... historian Gaius Fabricius Luscinus - consul Marcus Fadius Gallus - friend of Cicero Gaius Fannius - consul Annia Galeria ... consul Titus Munatius Plancus Bursa - tribune Pompeius Planta - prefect Aulus Platorius Nepos - consul Plautia Urgulanilla - ... writer Aulus Didius Gallus Fabricius Veiento - consul Velius Longus - scholar Velleius Paterculus - historian Venantius ...
Spilomelinae
... signum in the corpus bursae and in several taxa with an appendix bursae attached to the corpus bursae. Due to these ... Fabricius) (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)". Indian Journal of Entomology. 26 (2): 176-183. Bras, Audrey; Avtzis, Dimitrios N.; Kenis ... and the female genitalia's ductus bursae with a weak sclerotization or a granulose texture. The moths are furthermore ...
C. elegans (disambiguation)
... a synonym for Capsella bursa-pastoris, the shepherd's purse, a species native to eastern Europe and Asia Minor but naturalized ... of the rose chafer Cetonia elegans Fabricius, 1781, a synonym for Heterorrhina elegans, a species (Goliathini) found in India ...
List of national capital city name etymologies
Bursa (1335-1365): Derived from the Latin word "bursa", meaning "purse." Turkmenistan: Ashgabat (1918-1919; 1927-present): ... and German historian Dionysius Fabricius (1610) confirms the origin of Riga from rija. Another theory could be that Riga was ...
Chloridea virescens
By 6 hours, levels on the female bursa copulatrix decrease dramatically. Vitellogenin (VG), an egg yolk precursor protein, is ... "tobacco budworm - Heliothis virescens (Fabricius)". entnemdept.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2017-10-25. Pogue, Michael G. (2013). " ...
Bursa of Fabricius - Wikipedia
In birds, the bursa of Fabricius (Latin: Bursa cloacalis or Bursa fabricii) is the site of hematopoiesis, a specialized organ ... The bursa is present in the cloaca of birds and is named after Hieronymus Fabricius, who described it in 1621. The bursa is an ... Fabricius Glick, B; Chang, TS; Jaap, RG (1 January 1956). "The Bursa of Fabricius and Antibody Production". Poultry Science. 35 ... Glick, B. (1983). The bursa of Fabricius. In "Avian Biology" Vol. 7 (D.S. Farner, J.R. King, and K.C.Parkes, Eds.). New York: ...
Apoptotic Cell Death in the Chicken Bursa of Fabricius | SpringerLink
The bursa of Fabricius is the site of primary B cell development in birds, and has been reviewed extensively elsewhere1-3. It ... O. Lassila, Emigration of B cells from the chicken bursa of Fabricius, Eur. J. Immunol. 19: 955 (1989).PubMedCrossRefGoogle ... The bursa of Fabricius is the site of primary B cell development in birds, and has been reviewed extensively elsewhere1-3. It ... J.D. Reynolds, Mitotic rate maturation in the Peyers patches of fetal sheep and in the bursa of Fabricius of the chick embryo ...
Analysis of gene expression during myc oncogene-induced lymphomagenesis in the bursa of Fabricius | PNAS
Analysis of gene expression during myc oncogene-induced lymphomagenesis in the bursa of Fabricius. Paul E. Neiman, Alanna ... 3-5). Experimental induction of B-cell lymphomas in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens provides one model tumor system in which ... In follicles of the chicken bursa of Fabricius, myc induction of B-cell neoplasia requires a target cell population present ... Analysis of gene expression during myc oncogene-induced lymphomagenesis in the bursa of Fabricius ...
Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Pathology of Bursae of Fabricius in Methionine-Deficient Broiler Chickens
... morphological and ultrastructural changes of bursae of Fabricius, cell cycle, and apoptosis of bursa cells. One hundred and ... It was concluded that Met deficiency restrained the development of the bursae of Fabricius and affected the humoral immunity of ... The relative weight of bursae was decreased with Met deficiency when compared to that of the control group. Lesions were also ... Moreover, the percentage of apoptotic cells in the bursae were significantly increased in Met-deficient birds (P , 0.01). ...
Loss of surface immunoglobulin expression precedes B cell death by apoptosis in the bursa of Fabricius. | JEM
Loss of surface immunoglobulin expression precedes B cell death by apoptosis in the bursa of Fabricius.. E Paramithiotis, K A ... The vast majority of lymphocytes generated daily in the chicken bursa of Fabricius do not emigrate to the periphery but die in ... Loss of surface immunoglobulin expression precedes B cell death by apoptosis in the bursa of Fabricius. ... Apoptotic cells in the bursa can be readily detected by the presence of fragmented DNA and by the large numbers of condensed ...
The bursa of Fabricius of the chicken embryo: localization and ontogenic evolution of sex-steroid target cells | Development
The bursa of Fabricius of the chicken embryo: localization and ontogenic evolution of sex-steroid target cells ... The bursa of Fabricius of the chicken embryo: localization and ontogenic evolution of sex-steroid target cells ... The bursa of Fabricius of the chicken embryo: localization and ontogenic evolution of sex-steroid target cells ... The bursa of Fabricius of the chicken embryo: localization and ontogenic evolution of sex-steroid target cells ...
The effects of different velogenic NDV infections on the chicken bursa of Fabricius | BMC Veterinary Research | Full Text
In this study, the responses of chicken bursa of Fabricius infected with two different strains of velogenic NDV, namely AF2240 ... chemokine as well as lower IL10 expression which subsequently led to a high rate of apoptosis in the chicken bursa of Fabricius ... Depletion of IgM+ cells was further confirmed with increased cell death and apoptosis of the cells in AF2240 infected bursa as ... The results of our study demonstrated that infection of NDV strains AF2240 and IBS002 caused apoptosis in bursa IgM+ cells and ...
KAKEN - Research Projects | Identification, localization and functional analysis of antimicrobial peptides in the quail...
Bursas of Fabricius | definition of bursas of Fabricius by Medical dictionary
What is bursas of Fabricius? Meaning of bursas of Fabricius medical term. What does bursas of Fabricius mean? ... Looking for online definition of bursas of Fabricius in the Medical Dictionary? bursas of Fabricius explanation free. ... bursa of Fabricius. (redirected from bursas of Fabricius). Also found in: Dictionary, Encyclopedia. bursa. [bur´sah] (pl. bur´ ... Synonym(s): bursa of Fabricius. bursa of Fabricius. (fə-brĭsh′ē-əs, -brĭsh′əs). n.. A lymphoid gland in birds that is connected ...
Particles resembling circovirus in the bursa of Fabricius of pigeons.<...
"Particles resembling circovirus in the bursa of Fabricius of pigeons.",. abstract = "Histological examination of the bursae ... Particles resembling circovirus in the bursa of Fabricius of pigeons.. H L Shivaprasad, Richard P Chin, J. S. Jeffrey, K. S. ... Particles resembling circovirus in the bursa of Fabricius of pigeons. / Shivaprasad, H L; Chin, Richard P; Jeffrey, J. S.; ... Particles resembling circovirus in the bursa of Fabricius of pigeons. Avian Diseases. 1994 Jul;38(3):635-641. ...
Bird anatomy - Wikipedia
The bursa of fabricius, also known as the cloacal bursa, is a lymphoid organ which aids in the production of B lymphocytes ... The bursa of fabricius is a circular pouch connected to the superior dorsal side of the cloaca . The bursa is composed of many ... The bursa of fabricius is present during juvenile stages but curls up, and in the sparrow is not visible after the sparrow ... "Development of the follicle-associated epithelium and the secretory dendritic cell in the bursa of fabricius of the guinea fowl ...
Bursa of Fabricius | Profiles RNS
"Bursa of Fabricius" by people in this website by year, and whether "Bursa of Fabricius" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Bursa of Fabricius" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Bursa of Fabricius" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Bursa of Fabricius". ...
Frontiers | Avian Physiology: Are Birds Simply Feathered Mammals? | Physiology
The avian immune system lacks lymph nodes and has a distinct organ producing B-lymphocytes, namely the bursa Fabricius. The ... The avian immune system lacks lymph nodes and has a distinct organ producing B-lymphocytes, namely the bursa Fabricius. The ... Bursa Fabricius. The avian bursa Fabricius played an important role in the development of understanding of immune functioning. ... Glick, B., Timothy, S., Chang, T. S., and Jaap, R. G. (1956). The Bursa of Fabricius and antibody production. Poult. Sci. 35, ...
Erratum to: chTLR4 pathway activation by Astragalus polysaccharide in bursa of Fabricius | BMC Veterinary Research | Full Text
Zhang, R., Yu, Q., Shi, G. et al. Erratum to: chTLR4 pathway activation by Astragalus polysaccharide in bursa of Fabricius. BMC ... Erratum to: chTLR4 pathway activation by Astragalus polysaccharide in bursa of Fabricius. *Ruili Zhang1. , ... chTLR4 pathway activation by Astragalus polysaccharide in bursa of Fabricius. BMC Vet Res. 2017;13:119. ...
Diagnostic Value of Necropsy | IVIS
... leaving a margin of intact vent skin and the bursa of Fabricius attached to the tract. The bursa is present in young birds ... Bursa of Fabricius. Continue the dissection to make a circular incision around the vent, ... since the bursa may be the only site where viral inclusions are found. Circoviral inclusions also can be found in the bursa of ... The bursa should always be collected when it is present and divided in half. Submit one half in formalin for histopathology and ...
Bursa fabricii | definition of bursa fabricii by Medical dictionary
... bursa fabricii explanation free. What is bursa fabricii? Meaning of bursa fabricii medical term. What does bursa fabricii mean? ... Looking for online definition of bursa fabricii in the Medical Dictionary? ... bursa fabricii. Also found in: Dictionary, Encyclopedia. bur·sa fa·bri·ci·i. the bursa of Fabricius in poultry, a blind ... bursa of Fabricius - Synonym(s): bursa fabricii. Fabricius ship - the outlines of the sphenoid, occipital, and frontal bones, ...
Enrichment and verification of differentially expressed miRNAs in bursa of Fabricius in two breeds of duck
Two sRNA libraries (bursa of Fabricius in JCH and NH-P) were constructed using Small RNA Sample Pre Kit (Illumina, San Diego, ... The bursa of Fabricius, with many B cells, is one of essential immune organs [4]. The mature B cells can synthesis ... Keywords: Bursa of Fabricius; MiRNAs; Genetically Disparate Breeds; Gene Ontology; KEGG; Duck ... The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is a central humoral immune organ belonging specifically to avians. Recent studies had suggested ...
3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1 (BDH1)
Effects of age in the structure of the bursa of Fabricius of deshi chicken of Bangladesh. | IMSEAR
Full text: Available Index: IMSEAR (South-East Asia) Main subject: Bangladesh / Bursa of Fabricius / Aging / Chick Embryo / ... Full text: Available Index: IMSEAR (South-East Asia) Main subject: Bangladesh / Bursa of Fabricius / Aging / Chick Embryo / ... The bursa of Fabricius of deshi chicken from prenatal ED15 to postnatal D90 were studied. The growth and development at each ... Effects of age in the structure of the bursa of Fabricius of deshi chicken of Bangladesh. ...
Gumboro diseases, infectious bursal disease symptoms in chickens
Bird Banding Laboratory
Table 2 - Novel Avian Coronavirus and Fulminating Disease in Guinea Fowl, France - Volume 20, Number 1-January 2014 - Emerging...
nature.com search
Full-length cDNAs from chicken bursal lymphocytes to facilitate gene function analysis
A Developmental Approach to the Biological Basis for Antibody Diversity | SpringerLink
Experimental studies on the development of the bursa of Fabricius. Develop. Biol. 14: 40.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Functional deficiency of autologous implants of the bursa of Fabricius in chickens. Transplantation 11: 71.PubMedCrossRefGoogle ... Lymphocyte fine structure in the bursa of Fabricius, the thymus, and the germinal centers. Lab. Invest. 16: 407.PubMedGoogle ... Immune globulin production by the bursa of Fabricius of young chickens. Immunology 15: 123.PubMedGoogle Scholar ...
A Historical Perspective on Evidence-Based Immunology - 1st Edition
Search Results | OER Commons
... bursa of Fabricius or bursa equivalent organs). The bursa is involved in the differentiation of B lymphocytes. ... So named as they were initially found in the Bursa of Fabricius, B cells produce antibodies and are associated with humoral ... It is comprised of primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow, Bursa of Fabricius, the foetal liver and the thymus) which are ... The Bursa of Fabricus is a primary lymphoid organ found in birds. The bursa was the first place that a certain subset of ...
JCI -
2019 Lasker Basic Research Award celebrates immunologists Jacques Miller and Max Cooper
The bursa of Fabricius and antibody production. Poultry Science. 1956;35(1):224-225.. View this article via: CrossRef Google ... In addition to the thymus, birds have the bursa of Fabricius, a hindgut lymphoid organ that had been shown to contribute to ... The functions of the thymus system and the bursa system in the chicken. J Exp Med. 1966;123(1):75-102.. View this article via: ... The findings, published in 1968 (6, 7), elucidated the emerging model of thymus- and bursa-specific functions, delineating two ...
Chicken as biological research model - Wikipedia
Glick, B.; Chang, T.S.; Jaap, R.G. (1956). "The bursa of Fabricius and antibody production". Poultry Science. 35: 224-225. doi: ... Bursa cells were termed B-cells for Bursa to differentiate them from thymus derived T-cells. The chicken embryo is a unique ... Chickens missing their bursa, an organ with an unknown function at the time, could not be induced to make antibodies. Through ... these experiments, Bruce Glick, correctly deduced that bursa was responsible for making the cells that produced antibodies. ...
ThymusChickensChicken bursaOrganFabriciiLymphocytesGumboro diseaseHieronymus FabriciusLiverApoptosisChick embryoBone marrowBursalDepletionBirdsCloacaPancreasTissuesDiseaseTonsilsNeoplasiaPigeonsImmune systemImmunosuppressionGlandAntibodiesNeoplasticSevereAtrophyApoptoticViralCellsDevelopmentAntibodyMeshBiologySecondaryGene expressionRole
Thymus11
- bursa of Fabricius an epithelial outgrowth of the cloaca in chick embryos, which develops in a manner similar to that of the thymus in mammals, atrophying after 5 or 6 months and persisting as a fibrous remnant in sexually mature birds. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Lymphocyte fine structure in the bursa of Fabricius, the thymus, and the germinal centers. (springer.com)
- Antigen binding cells in embryonic chicken bursa and thymus. (springer.com)
- Using a chicken model, Max Cooper first showed that the cells that derived from the bursa of Fabricius were responsible for Ab production, whereas the thymus-derived cells were the effectors of delayed-type hypersensitivity and graft vs host reactions ( 1 , 2 ). (jimmunol.org)
- This novel strategy effectively eliminated lymphocytes produced before the time of surgery and generated the first definitive evidence for distinct roles for cells derived from the bursa vs those derived from the thymus ( 1 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Moreover, significant increase was recorded in carcass yield, kidney, spleen, bursa, thymus and intestine density (weight/length) with treated groups as compared to control group. (scielo.br)
- There are two primary immune tissues in the chick - the thymus and the bursa of fabricius. (fwi.co.uk)
- Sex steroid hormones also influence the immune response in part via the thymus in rodents and the bursa of Fabricius in birds through specific androgen and estrogen binding sites ( 21 , 47 ). (physiology.org)
- Adenoviral DNA was detected in the liver, spleen, kidney, gizzard, intestine, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus of every examined dead and euthanized chicken from groups I and II between the third and fourth week postinfection. (springer.com)
- 2014). Moreover, heat stress has been reported to influence the relative weight (RW) of immune organs such as the bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus due to decrease in number of lymphocytes and lymphoid follicle (Aengwanich, 2008). (scielo.org.za)
- Also, the significance of the primary lymphoid organs exemplified by thymus, Peyer's patches, and bursa of Fabricius should have been included. (ajtmh.org)
Chickens13
- In contrast, removal of the bursa in adult chickens has little effect on the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
- This was a serendipitous discovery that came about when a fellow graduate, Timothy S. Chang, who was teaching a course on antibody production obtained chickens from Glick that had been bursectomised (removal of the bursa). (wikipedia.org)
- When these chickens failed to produce antibody in response to an immunization with Staphylococcus bacteria, the two students realized that the bursa is necessary for antibody production. (wikipedia.org)
- Experimental induction of B-cell lymphomas in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens provides one model tumor system in which deregulated overexpression of c- myc drives an apparently multistaged neoplastic process in which the normal target cell population and a preneoplastic cell population, as well as fully developed clonal tumors and derivative cell lines, have been identified and can be conveniently obtained for analysis (reviewed in ref. 6 ). (pnas.org)
- It was concluded that Met deficiency restrained the development of the bursae of Fabricius and affected the humoral immunity of the chickens. (mdpi.com)
- Liu, X. Pathology of Bursae of Fabricius in Methionine-Deficient Broiler Chickens. (mdpi.com)
- Wu B, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Cui W, Liu X. Pathology of Bursae of Fabricius in Methionine-Deficient Broiler Chickens. (mdpi.com)
- Chickens missing their bursa, an organ with an unknown function at the time, could not be induced to make antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
- 215. Infectious bursal disease (IBD, Gumboro) is an acute, highly contagious viral infection in chickens manifested by inflammation and subsequent atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius, various degrees of nephroso-nephritis and immunosuppression. (thepoultrysite.com)
- IBD could however be observed as long as chickens have a functioning bursa (up to the age of 16 weeks). (thepoultrysite.com)
- In chickens younger than 3 weeks, IBD could be subclinical, but injured bursa leads to immunosuppression. (thepoultrysite.com)
- IBDV can infect immature B-lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius ( 1 ) and result in vaccination failure and susceptibility of chickens to pathogens ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
- This avian virus infects the bursa of Fabricius (specialised bird immune organ) in young chickens, and can cause high mortality rates. (sciencephoto.com)
Chicken bursa8
- In follicles of the chicken bursa of Fabricius, myc induction of B-cell neoplasia requires a target cell population present during early bursal development and progresses through preneoplastic transformed follicles to metastatic lymphomas. (pnas.org)
- The vast majority of lymphocytes generated daily in the chicken bursa of Fabricius do not emigrate to the periphery but die in situ. (rupress.org)
- Virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was reported to cause rapid depletion of chicken bursa of Fabricius. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this study, the responses of chicken bursa of Fabricius infected with two different strains of velogenic NDV, namely AF2240 and IBS002, were investigated by observing cell population changes, oxidative stress, viral replication and cytokine expression in the organ. (biomedcentral.com)
- Subsequently, apoptosis of enriched bursal IgM+ cells was determined to help us elucidate possible host pathogen relationships between the chicken bursa of Fabricius and NDV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, of the two viruses, we observed that NDV AF2240 induced a greater magnitude of apoptosis in chicken bursa IgM+ cells in comparison to IBS002. (biomedcentral.com)
- This might be due to the high level of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines/chemokine as well as lower IL10 expression which subsequently led to a high rate of apoptosis in the chicken bursa of Fabricius although the detected viral load of AF2240 was lower than IBS002. (biomedcentral.com)
- Localization of immunoglobulins in the developing chicken bursa of Fabricius. (springer.com)
Organ9
- In birds, the bursa of Fabricius (Latin: Bursa cloacalis or Bursa fabricii) is the site of hematopoiesis, a specialized organ that, as first demonstrated by Bruce Glick and later by Max Dale Cooper and Robert Good, is necessary for B cell (part of the immune system) development in birds. (wikipedia.org)
- The bursa is an epithelial and lymphoid organ that is found only in birds. (wikipedia.org)
- Using an autoradiographic technique, receptor sites for androgenic hormones were localized in mesenchymal cells of the bursa from the primordium (7-day embryo) up to the fully differentiated immune organ (15-day embryo). (biologists.org)
- An organ in the cloacal-hind gut junction birds found to be important in the maturation of B lymphocytes (B for bursa). (thefreedictionary.com)
- The avian immune system lacks lymph nodes and has a distinct organ producing B-lymphocytes, namely the bursa Fabricius . (frontiersin.org)
- The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is a central humoral immune organ belonging specifically to avians. (ajas.info)
- Compared with mammals, avains have a specific central humoral immune organ which is named the bursa of Fabricius (BF) and plays an important role in immune resistance [ 1 , 2 ]. (ajas.info)
- However, it was immediately obvious that there must be an organ in mammals with function comparable to the bursa of Fabricius. (jimmunol.org)
- The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is the acknowledged central humoral immune organ in birds. (koreamed.org)
Fabricii1
- The birds ages were determined by the look of tertiary flight feathers, wing covers, and the size of bursa Fabricii [9,18]. (media.pl)
Lymphocytes1
- M.J.H. Ratcliffe, and L. Tkalec, Cross-linking of the surface immunoglobulin on lymphocytes from the bursa of Fabricius results in second messenger generation. (springer.com)
Gumboro disease1
- Gumboro Disease attacks and destroys the bursa, so chicks which have contracted it will have a very poor immune system. (fwi.co.uk)
Hieronymus Fabricius2
- The bursa is present in the cloaca of birds and is named after Hieronymus Fabricius, who described it in 1621. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1621, the bursa was originally described by Hieronymus Fabricius [ 3 ]. (ajas.info)
Liver3
- Lymphoid stem cells migrate from the fetal liver to the bursa during ontogeny. (wikipedia.org)
- They differ from the developmentally regulated stem cell population of normal bursal follicles, which disappears shortly after hatching, by persisting in the posthatching bursa and by progressing to form invasive bursal lymphomas that metastasize to liver and other organs. (pnas.org)
- relative weights of liver, kidneys and bursa of Fabricius. (scialert.net)
Apoptosis7
- E. Paramithiotis, K.A. Jacobsen, and M.J.H. Ratcliffe, Loss of surface immunoglobulin expression precedes B cell death by apoptosis in the bursa of Fabricius. (springer.com)
- The purpose of this 42-day study was to investigate the effects of methionine (Met) deficiency on immune function by determining the relative weight, morphological and ultrastructural changes of bursae of Fabricius, cell cycle, and apoptosis of bursa cells. (mdpi.com)
- Loss of surface immunoglobulin expression precedes B cell death by apoptosis in the bursa of Fabricius. (rupress.org)
- Consequently, loss of surface Ig expression precedes bursal cell death by apoptosis in vivo, suggesting that maintenance of a threshold level of surface Ig may be a requirement for the continued progression of chicken B lymphocyte development in the bursa. (rupress.org)
- Depletion of IgM+ cells was further confirmed with increased cell death and apoptosis of the cells in AF2240 infected bursa as compared to IBS002. (biomedcentral.com)
- The results of our study demonstrated that infection of NDV strains AF2240 and IBS002 caused apoptosis in bursa IgM+ cells and its severity was associated with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokine, macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress as the infection duration was prolonged. (biomedcentral.com)
- For instance, through establishing and comparing small RNA libraries derived from the bursa and spleen of embryonic chicks at days 15 and 20, Hicks et al [ 8 ] found that many identified differentially expressed miRNAs displayed dynamic expression patterns and some of them can regulate lymphocyte proliferation and apoptosis, such as miR-221 and miR-17-5p [ 8 ]. (ajas.info)
Chick embryo1
- Androgenic hormones induce inhibition or regression of the bursa of Fabricius in the chick embryo. (biologists.org)
Bone marrow1
- There were various degrees of lymphoid depletion in the bursa, spleen, and bone marrow. (elsevier.com)
Bursal3
- 50,000) of B lineage committed precursors which undergo immunoglobulin gene rearrangements either prior to their migration to the bursa or within the bursal rudiment during a short window of time in embryonic development. (springer.com)
- Histological examination of the bursae from 12 pigeons under 4 months old revealed basophilic globular inclusion bodies, 5 to 25 microns in diameter, in the cytoplasm and the nuclei of the various bursal follicular cells. (elsevier.com)
- Body weight, bursal weight and bursa to body weight measurements were also taken. (academicjournals.org)
Depletion2
- The depletion of IgM+ cells and infiltration of macrophages were observed to be higher in bursa infected with AF2240 as compared to IBS002. (biomedcentral.com)
- There was mild to moderate lymphoid depletion in the bursa of Fabricius. (usda.gov)
Birds9
- The bursa is active in young birds. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1956, Bruce Glick showed that removal of the bursa in newly hatched chicks severely impaired the ability of the adult birds to produce antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
- Typically, the virus attacks the bursa of young birds, preventing development of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
- The bursa of Fabricius is the site of primary B cell development in birds, and has been reviewed extensively elsewhere 1-3 . (springer.com)
- The present communication discusses examples from the following systems where birds differ from mammals: gastrointestinal tract and specifically the crop and ceca, immune system and specifically the bursa Fabricius and spleen and female reproduction. (frontiersin.org)
- In some birds, the bursa of Fabricius is atrophied, in others: neoplastic. (thepoultrysite.com)
- In birds surviving the acute stage of the disease, the bursa is progressively atrophying. (thepoultrysite.com)
- A dorsal outpocketing of the cloaca, the bursa of Fabricius , controls antibody-mediated immunity in young birds. (britannica.com)
- The abbreviation "B", in B cell, comes from the bursa of Fabricius in birds, where they mature. (medicalxpress.com)
Cloaca1
- The bursa develops as a dorsal diverticulum of the proctadael region of the cloaca. (wikipedia.org)
Pancreas1
- Anemia seen as decreased pigmentation and atrophy of the pancreas and bursa of Fabricius can occur. (kenanaonline.com)
Tissues1
- pl. bursae, bursas [L.] a small fluid-filled sac or saclike cavity situated in places in tissues where friction would otherwise occur. (thefreedictionary.com)
Disease2
- Preliminary studies on the bursae of two pigeons were negative for psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) viral antigen and nucleic acid by immunoperoxidase staining, DNA in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction techniques, suggesting that this virus differs from PBFD virus. (elsevier.com)
- In spite of the intensive and varied vaccination procedures to control Infectious Bursa Disease (IBD), the emergence of a very virulent (vv) IBD pathotype in Ghana has led to high economic losses in the poultry industry. (academicjournals.org)
Tonsils1
- Area of lymphatic nodule and lymphoid follicle in caecal tonsils and bursa of Fabricius increased in HS-Pro, HS-Zn30-Pro and HS-Zn60-Pro groups compared to HS group. (scielo.org.za)
Neoplasia1
- Retrovirus-induced B cell neoplasia in the bursa of Fabricius. (biomedcentral.com)
Pigeons1
- Particles resembling circovirus in the bursa of Fabricius of pigeons. (elsevier.com)
Immune system1
- We developed a chicken immune system cDNA microarray to analyze broad changes in gene expression that occur during normal embryonic B-cell development and during myc -induced neoplastic transformation in the bursa. (pnas.org)
Immunosuppression1
- IBDV replicates specifically in developing B-lymphoid cells, resulting in the destruction of the precursors of antibody-producing B cells in the bursa of Fabricius, and consequently, the immunosuppression, which leads to vaccination failures and susceptibility to other infections and diseases ( 25 ). (asm.org)
Gland3
- Identification, localization and functional analysis of antimicrobial peptides in the quail Harderian gland and bursa of Fabricius. (nii.ac.jp)
- We intended to obtain cDNAs encoding precursor for antimicrobial peptide fowlicidin (f)-1, -2, and -3 from total RNA samples prepared from the quail bursa of Fabricius (BF) and Harderian gland (HG) by RT-PCR. (nii.ac.jp)
- Bruce Glick was honored posthumously for his discovery of the purpose of the bursa of Fabricius gland in the posterior of geese. (aaas.org)
Antibodies2
- Through these experiments, Bruce Glick, correctly deduced that bursa was responsible for making the cells that produced antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
- Antibodies, immunoglobulin genes and the bursa of Fabricius in chicken B cell development. (semanticscholar.org)
Neoplastic2
- The neoplastic changes begin always from the bursa of Fabricius, where various-sized lymphomas are detected (transverse section through neo-plastically grown bursa -fixed preparation). (thepoultrysite.com)
- Overexpression of the c- myc oncogene induces multistaged neoplastic progression leading to B-cell lymphomas in the bursa of Fabricius. (biomedcentral.com)
Severe1
- 219. IBD virus has a lymphocidic effect and the most severe injuries are in the lymph follicles of the bursa of Fabricius. (thepoultrysite.com)
Atrophy1
- Microscopically, an atrophy of follicles into the bursa is observed secondary to inflammatory and dystrophic necrobiotic alterations. (thepoultrysite.com)
Apoptotic1
- Apoptotic cells in the bursa can be readily detected by the presence of fragmented DNA and by the large numbers of condensed cellular nuclei observed by electron microscopy. (rupress.org)
Viral1
- The morphology of the inclusions in the bursa and size of the viral particles are most consistent with circovirus. (elsevier.com)
Cells2
- In the bursa, these stem cells acquire the characteristics of mature, immunocompetent B cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Oestrogen target cells in very small number are found in the mesenchyme of the bursa, in 15-day embryos. (biologists.org)
Development2
- The high doses of hormones necessary to this involution raises the question of the processes involved and their putative role in the normal development of the bursa. (biologists.org)
- The early presence of receptor sites for steroid hormones in the bursa of Fabricius shows that the normal development may be influenced by androgens, but the actual effects are yet to be demonstrated. (biologists.org)
Antibody1
- The intermediate-plus (hot) IBD vaccine elicited the highest antibody titers but caused reduction in the size of the bursa of Fabricius. (academicjournals.org)
Mesh1
- Bursa of Fabricius" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rtrn.net)
Biology1
- Biology of the snout butterflies (Nymphalidae: Libytheinae), Part 1: Libythea Fabricius. (tolweb.org)
Secondary1
- The luminal (interior) surface of the bursa is plicated with as many as 15 primary and 7 secondary plicae or folds. (wikipedia.org)
Gene expression1
- In addition, higher pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine gene expression such as chicken CXCLi2, IL-18 and IFN-γ were observed in AF2240 infected bursa. (biomedcentral.com)
Role1
- S. Ekino, Role of environmental antigens in B cell proliferation in the bursa of Fabricius at neonatal stage. (springer.com)