Anesthetics, Local
Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.
Analgesia, Epidural
Amides
Analgesia, Obstetrical
Anesthesia, Obstetrical
Nerve Block
Lidocaine
Anesthesia, Local
Sufentanil
Fentanyl
Anesthetics, Combined
Double-Blind Method
Adjuvants, Anesthesia
Mepivacaine
A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)
Injections, Spinal
Analgesics, Opioid
Pain Measurement
Stereoisomerism
Sensation
Subarachnoid Space
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled
Relief of PAIN, without loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, through ANALGESIC AGENTS administered by the patients. It has been used successfully to control POSTOPERATIVE PAIN, during OBSTETRIC LABOR, after BURNS, and in TERMINAL CARE. The choice of agent, dose, and lockout interval greatly influence effectiveness. The potential for overdose can be minimized by combining small bolus doses with a mandatory interval between successive doses (lockout interval).
Morphine
Brachial Plexus
The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.
Labor, Obstetric
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Procaine
Injections, Epidural
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures
Pregnancy
Prilocaine
Epinephrine
The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.
Specific Gravity
Sciatic Nerve
A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.
Hernia, Inguinal
An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.
Dose-response effects of spinal neostigmine added to bupivacaine spinal anesthesia in volunteers. (1/1144)
BACKGROUND: Intrathecal adjuncts often are used to enhance small-dose spinal bupivacaine for ambulatory anesthesia. Neostigmine is a novel spinal analgesic that could be a useful adjunct, but no data exist to assess the effects of neostigmine on small-dose bupivacaine spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Eighteen volunteers received two bupivacaine spinal anesthetics (7.5 mg) in a randomized, double-blinded, crossover design. Dextrose, 5% (1 ml), was added to one spinal infusion and 6.25, 12.5, or 50 microg neostigmine in dextrose, 5%, was added to the other spinal. Sensory block was assessed with pinprick; by the duration of tolerance to electric stimulation equivalent to surgical incision at the pubis, knee, and ankle; and by the duration of tolerance to thigh tourniquet. Motor block at the quadriceps was assessed with surface electromyography. Side effects (nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and sedation) were noted. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were recorded every 5 min. Dose-response relations were assessed with analysis of variance, paired t tests, or Spearman rank correlation. RESULTS: The addition of 50 microg neostigmine significantly increased the duration of sensory and motor block and the time until discharge criteria were achieved. The addition of neostigmine produced dose-dependent nausea (33-67%) and vomiting (17-50%). Neostigmine at these doses had no effect on hemodynamic or respiratory parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of 50 microg neostigmine prolonged the duration of sensory and motor block. However, high incidences of side effects and delayed recovery from anesthesia with the addition of 6.25 to 50 microg neostigmine may limit the clinical use of these doses for outpatient spinal anesthesia. (+info)A double-blind comparison of 0.125% ropivacaine with sufentanil and 0.125% bupivacaine with sufentanil for epidural labor analgesia. (2/1144)
BACKGROUND: This study intends to evaluate the benefits of the administration of intermittent bolus doses of ropivacaine (0.125%) compared with bupivacaine (0.125%) after addition of sufentanil for analgesia during labor. METHODS: One hundred thirty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 or 2 parturients were studied. The 90 initial patients were assigned randomly to receive 10 ml bupivacaine, 0.125%, plus 7.5 microg sufentanil (initial bupivacaine 0.125% group) or ropivacaine, 0.125%, plus 7.5 microg sufentanil (ropivacaine 0.125% group). Forty additional patients were recruited and received 0.125% bupivacaine plus 7.5 microg sufentanil (additional bupivacaine 0.125% group) or 0.100% bupivacaine plus 7.5 microg sufentanil (additional bupivacaine 0.100% group). The duration of analgesia, visual analogue scores for pain, motor blockade (using a six-point modified Bromage scale), patient satisfaction scores, nausea, pruritus, heart rate, and blood pressure were recorded. RESULTS: Bupivacaine 0.125% and ropivacaine 0.125% coadministered with sufentanil provided rapid and complete analgesia. Onset of analgesia occurred after +/-15 min and lasted +/-90 min. After the third epidural injection, patients in the ropivacaine group experienced significantly less severe motor blockade than patients in the initial bupivacaine 0.125% group. At this point, 93% of the patients in the ropivacaine group were free from motor impairment versus 66% in the bupivacaine group (P<0.05). Comparable levels of motor blockade were obtained in both additional groups. Patients' evaluation of their analgesia was worst in the bupivacaine 0.100% group. CONCLUSIONS: Ropivacaine 0.125% with sufentanil affords reliable analgesia with minimal motor blockade. (+info)Interaction of bupivacaine and tetracaine with the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel of skeletal and cardiac muscles. (3/1144)
BACKGROUND: Although various local anesthetics can cause histologic damage to skeletal muscle when injected intramuscularly, bupivacaine appears to have an exceptionally high rate of myotoxicity. Research has suggested that an effect of bupivacaine on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release is involved in its myotoxicity, but direct evidence is lacking. Furthermore, it is not known whether the toxicity depends on the unique chemical characteristics of bupivacaine and whether the toxicity is found only in skeletal muscle. METHODS: The authors studied the effects of bupivacaine and the similarly lipid-soluble local anesthetic, tetracaine, on the Ca2+ release channel-ryanodine receptor of sarcoplasmic reticulum in swine skeletal and cardiac muscle. [3H]Ryanodine binding was used to measure the activity of the Ca2+ release channel-ryanodine receptors in microsomes of both muscles. RESULTS: Bupivacaine enhanced (by two times at 5 mM) and inhibited (66% inhibition at 10 mM) [3H]ryanodine binding to skeletal muscle microsomes. In contrast, only inhibitory effects were observed with cardiac microsomes (about 3 mM for half-maximal inhibition). Tetracaine, which inhibits [3H]ryanodine binding to skeletal muscle microsomes, also inhibited [3H]ryanodine binding to cardiac muscle microsomes (half-maximal inhibition at 99 microM). CONCLUSIONS: Bupivacaine's ability to enhance Ca2+ release channel-ryanodine receptor activity of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum most likely contributes to the myotoxicity of this local anesthetic. Thus, the pronounced myotoxicity of bupivacaine may be the result of this specific effect on Ca2+ release channel-ryanodine receptor superimposed on a nonspecific action on lipid bilayers to increase the Ca2+ permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes, an effect shared by all local anesthetics. The specific action of tetracaine to inhibit Ca2+ release channel-ryanodine receptor activity may in part counterbalance the nonspecific action, resulting in moderate myotoxicity. (+info)Effect of i.v. ketamine in combination with epidural bupivacaine or epidural morphine on postoperative pain and wound tenderness after renal surgery. (4/1144)
We studied 60 patients undergoing operation on the kidney with combined general and epidural anaesthesia, in a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Patients were allocated to receive a preoperative bolus dose of ketamine 10 mg i.v., followed by an i.v. infusion of ketamine 10 mg h-1 for 48 h after operation, or placebo. During the first 24 h after surgery, all patients received 4 ml h-1 of epidural bupivacaine 2.5 mg ml-1. From 24 to 48 h after operation, patients received epidural morphine 0.2 mg h-1 preceded by a bolus dose of 2 mg. In addition, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with i.v. morphine (2.5 mg, lockout time 15 min) was offered from 0 to 48 h after operation. Patients who received ketamine felt significantly more sedated at 0-24 h, but not at 24-48 h after operation, compared with patients who received placebo (P = 0.002 and P = 0.127, respectively). There were no significant differences in pain (VAS) at rest, during mobilization or cough, PCA morphine consumption, sensory block to pinprick, pressure pain detection threshold assessed with an algometer, touch and pain detection thresholds assessed with von Frey hairs, peak flow or side effects other than sedation. The power of detecting a reduction in VAS scores of 20 mm in our study was 80% at the 5% significance level. We conclude that we were unable to demonstrate an (additive) analgesic or opioid sparing effect of ketamine 10 mg h-1 i.v. combined with epidural bupivacaine at 0-24 h, or epidural morphine at 24-48 h after renal surgery. (+info)Neonatal outcome and mode of delivery after epidural analgesia for labour with ropivacaine and bupivacaine: a prospective meta-analysis. (5/1144)
In this prospective meta-analysis, we have evaluated the effect of epidural analgesia with ropivacaine for pain in labour on neonatal outcome and mode of delivery compared with bupivacaine. In six randomized, double-blind studies, 403 labouring women, primigravidae and multiparae, received epidural analgesia with ropivacaine or bupivacaine 2.5 mg ml-1. The drugs were administered as intermittent boluses in four studies and by continuous infusion in two. Apgar scores, neurological and adaptive capacity scores (NACS), degree of motor block and mode of delivery were recorded. The studies were designed prospectively to fit meta-analysis of the pooled results. Results showed similar pain relief and consumption of the two drugs. In the vaginally delivered neonates, NACS scores were approximately equal for both groups at 2 h, but at 24 h there were fewer infants with NACS less than 35 in the ropivacaine compared with the bupivacaine group (2.8% vs 7.6%; P < 0.05). Spontaneous vaginal deliveries occurred more frequently overall with ropivacaine than with bupivacaine (58% vs 49%; P < 0.05) and instrumental deliveries (forceps and vacuum extraction) less frequently (27% vs 40%; P < 0.01), while the frequency of Caesarean section was similar between groups. The intensity of motor block was lower with ropivacaine. There were no significant differences in adverse events. (+info)Incidence of bradycardia during recovery from spinal anaesthesia: influence of patient position. (6/1144)
We administered 0.5% plain bupivacaine 4 ml intrathecally (L2-3 or L3-4) in three groups of 20 patients, according to the position in which they were nursed in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU): supine horizontal, 30 degrees Trendelenburg or hammock position (trunk and legs 30 degrees elevated). Patients were observed until anaesthesia descended to less than S1. The incidence of severe bradycardia (heart rate < 50 beat min-1) in the PACU was significantly higher in patients in the Trendelenburg position (60%) than in the horizontal (20%, P < 0.01) or hammock (10%, P < 0.005) position. After 90 min, following admission to the PACU, only patients in the hammock position did not have severe bradycardia. In this late phase, the incidence of severe bradycardia in the Trendelenburg group was 35% (P < 0.005) and 10% in patients in the supine horizontal position. In four patients, severe bradycardia first occurred later than 90 min after admission to the PACU. The latest occurrence of severe bradycardia was recorded 320 min after admission to the PACU. We conclude that for recovery from spinal anaesthesia, the Trendelenburg position should not be used and the hammock position is preferred. (+info)Balanced pre-emptive analgesia: does it work? A double-blind, controlled study in bilaterally symmetrical oral surgery. (7/1144)
We studied 32 patients undergoing bilateral symmetrical lower third molar surgery under general anaesthesia to determine if the combined effects of pre-emptive local anaesthetic block using 0.5% bupivacaine, together with i.v. tenoxicam and alfentanil had any benefits over postoperative administration. Patients acted as their own controls and were allocated randomly to have surgery start on one side, the second side always being the pre-emptive side. Difference in pain intensity between the two sides was determined using visual analogue scales completed by each individual at 6 h, and at 1, 3 and 6 days after operation. A long-form McGill pain questionnaire was also used to assess difference in pain intensity between the two sides on the morning after surgery. There was no significant difference in pain intensity at any time after surgery. Our findings indicate that the combined use of pre-emptive analgesia from 0.5% bupivacaine, tenoxicam and alfentanil did not reduce postoperative pain intensity in patients undergoing molar exodontia. (+info)Relative analgesic potencies of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for epidural analgesia in labor: implications for therapeutic indexes. (8/1144)
BACKGROUND: The minimum local analgesic concentration (MLAC) has been defined as the median effective local analgesic concentration in a 20-ml volume for epidural analgesia in the first stage of labor. The aim of this study was to assess the relative analgesic potencies of epidural bupivacaine and ropivacaine by determining their respective minimum local analgesic concentrations. METHODS: Seventy-three parturients at < or = 7 cm cervical dilation who requested epidural analgesia were allocated to one of two groups in this double-blinded, randomized, prospective study. After a lumbar epidural catheter was placed, 20 ml of the test solution was given, either ropivacaine (n = 34) or bupivacaine (n = 39). The concentration of local anesthetic was determined by the response of the previous patient in that group to a higher or lower concentration using up-down sequential allocation. Analgesic efficacy was assessed using 100-mm visual analog pain scores with < or = 10 mm within 30 min defined as effective. An effective result directed a 0.01% wt/vol decrement for the next patient. An ineffective result directed a 0.01% wt/vol increment. RESULTS: The minimum local analgesic concentration of ropivacaine was 0.111% wt/vol (95% confidence interval, 0.100-0.122), and the minimum local analgesic concentration of bupivacaine was 0.067% wt/vol (95% confidence interval, 0.052-0.082). Ropivacaine was significantly less potent than bupivacaine, with a potency ratio of 0.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.74). No difference in motor effects was observed. CONCLUSION: Ropivacaine was significantly less potent than bupivacaine for epidural analgesia in the first stage of labor. (+info)
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Publications of Faculty of Medicine:Abstract of Comparative Study of Neostigmine and Ketamine as Additives to Plain Bupivacaine...
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Ropivacaine versus levobupivacaine for minor breast surgery in outpatients: Inversion of postoperative pain relief efficacy. |...
Combined Spinal and General Anesthesia Attenuates Liver Metastasis by Preserving Th1/Th2 Cytokine Balance | Anesthesiology |...
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Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology - Volume 59 / Issue 3
Bupivacaine-induced myocardial depression and pulmonary edema:...
Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and bupivacaine and stable isotope labelled analogues: a study in healthy volunteers.
Intrathecal hyperbaric or isobaric bupivacaine and ropivacaine with fentanyl for elective caesarean section.
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Bupivacaine Inhibits Activation of Neuronal Spinal Extracellular Receptor-activated Kinase through Selective Effects on...
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Comparison of bupivacaine and fentanyl as an adjuvant of epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia | SpringerLink
Buffered bupivacaine : Hulu ip address
Postoperative - ESRA
Anesthetics, Local
-
Catalog
The effect of liposomal bupivacaine injection during total hip arthroplasty: a controlled cohort study | BMC Musculoskeletal...
Influence of Voltage-sensitive Ca++Channel Drugs on Bupivacaine Infiltration Anesthesia in Mice | Anesthesiology | American...
Effects of extradural bupivacaine with adrenaline for caesarean section on uteroplacental and fetal circulation<...
Effects of interpleural bupivacaine on pleural chest tube removal pain: a randomized controlled trial | American Journal of...
Ropivacaine - Wikipedia
Tramadol as adjunct to psoas compartment block with levobupivacaine 0.5%: a randomized double-blinded study.
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Levosimendan combined with epinephrine improves rescue outcomes in a rat model of lipid-based resuscitation from bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics Are Off-Label For Spinals | RK.md
Headache, Migraine, Fibromyalgia and TMJ Treatment with Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blocks and Neuromuscular Dentistry -...
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Comparison of the Analgesic Duration of 0.5% Bupivacaine With 1:200,000 Epinephrine Versus 0.5% Ropivacaine Versus 1%...
Blockade of Na+and K+Currents by Local Anesthetics in the Dorsal Horn Neurons of the Spinal Cord | Anesthesiology | American...
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Comparison of Tramadol and Buprinorphine as an Adjuvent to Bupivacaine used in Supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper...
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Bupivacaine
... is excreted in breast milk. Risks of stopping breast feeding versus stopping bupivacaine should be discussed with ... Bupivacaine was discovered in 1957. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Bupivacaine is ... Bupivacaine is available as a generic medication. Levobupivacaine is the (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine, with a longer ... Ma TT, Wang YH, Jiang YF, Peng CB, Yan C, Liu ZG, Xu WX (June 2017). "Liposomal bupivacaine versus traditional bupivacaine for ...
Management of strabismus
... thereby providing about twice the alignment correction of bupivacaine alone. The effectiveness of a bupivacaine injection may ... After bupivacaine injection the muscle is inactivated by the drug's anesthetic effect for a day, and weakened by myofiber ... If bupivacaine injection is combined with a small dose of botulinum toxin in the antagonist muscle, eye deviation during ... Bupivacaine injection is not effective in paralyzed or atrophic muscles, or where there are restrictions to movement elsewhere ...
Ugi reaction
Examples include lidocaine and bupivacaine. Passerini reaction Ugi I, Meyr R, Fetzer U, Steinbrückner C (1959). "Versuche mit ...
Pipecolic acid
Bupivacaine Efrapeptin Gatto, Gregory J.; Boyne, Michael T.; Kelleher, Neil L.; Walsh, Christopher T. (2006). "Biosynthesis of ...
Levobupivacaine
Compared to bupivacaine, levobupivacaine is associated with less vasodilation and has a longer duration of action. It is ... It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine. Levobupivacaine hydrochloride is commonly marketed by AbbVie under the trade name ... ISBN 0-9757919-2-3 Gulec D, Karsli B, Ertugrul F, Bigat Z, Kayacan N (April 2014). "Intrathecal bupivacaine or levobupivacaine ... Systemic exposure to excessive quantities of bupivacaine mainly result in central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular ...
Cardiotoxicity
... or an incorrectly administered drug such as bupivacaine. One of the ways to detect cardiotoxicity at early stages when there is ...
Lidocaine
Bupivacaine is a safe alternative in this case. Impaired liver function - people with lowered hepatic function may have an ... Longer-acting substances such as bupivacaine are sometimes given preference for spinal and epidural anaesthesias; lidocaine, ... bupivacaine, ropivacaine, or levobupivacaine may decrease the risk of a person developing transient neurological symptoms. Low ...
Potassium channel blocker
Punke MA, Licher T, Pongs O, Friederich P (Jun 2003). "Inhibition of human TREK-1 channels by bupivacaine". Anesthesia and ... Bupivacaine Quinidine Fluoxetine Seproxetine (Norfluoxetine) 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (phorbol 12-myristate ...
Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus
In some interventions bupivacaine has been used alone. In others, a botulinum toxin injection into an extraocular muscle is ... The thickening of bupivacaine-injected extraocular muscle has been demonstrated by means of magnetic resonance imaging and by ... Bupivacaine is a local anaesthetic known to cause considerable myotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Its injection into muscle tissue ... Scott, AB; Miller, JM; Shieh, KR (April 2009). "Bupivacaine injection of the lateral rectus muscle to treat esotropia". J AAPOS ...
Potassium channel
Punke MA, Licher T, Pongs O, Friederich P (June 2003). "Inhibition of human TREK-1 channels by bupivacaine". Anesthesia and ...
Alan B. Scott
Bupivacaine injection stresses a muscle and triggers a growth process, analogous to how load-bearing exercise builds skeletal ... Clinical studies over the past decade have demonstrated that bupivacaine injection in a weak muscle has a synergistic effect ... Miller, J. M.; Scott, A. B.; Danh, K. K.; Strasser, D.; Sane, M. (2013). "Bupivacaine injection remodels extraocular muscles ... Scott, Alan B.; Alexander, Danielle E.; Miller, Joel M. (February 6, 2007). "Bupivacaine injection of eye muscles to treat ...
Neosaxitoxin
And last but not least, some degree of improving in therapeutic index of NSTX can be observed when is mixed with bupivacaine ... Padera R, Bellas E, Tse JY, Hao D, Kohane DS (May 2008). "Local Myotoxicity from Sustained Release of Bupivacaine from ... Beilin Y, Halpern S (August 2012). "Focused review: ropivacaine versus bupivacaine for epidural labor analgesia". Anesthesia & ... Additionally, two human reports demonstrated strong potentiation between NSTX anesthetic effect, bupivacaine and epinephrine. ...
Local anesthetic nerve block
The amides include lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine. Chloroprocaine is a short ... bupivacaine, and mepivacaine. These drugs are often combined with adjuvants, drugs that boost the effect of each other, with ... drug (45-90 minutes), lidocaine and mepivacaine are intermediate duration (90-180 minutes), and bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, ...
Local anesthetic
It is reported that seizures are more likely to occur when bupivacaine is used, particularly in combination with chloroprocaine ... Lidocaine can be safely used but bupivacaine and mepivacaine should be avoided. Consultation with the obstetrician is vital ... Weinberg G, Ripper R, Feinstein DL, Hoffman W (2003). "Lipid emulsion infusion rescues dogs from bupivacaine-induced cardiac ... Although all local anesthetics potentially shorten the myocardial refractory period, bupivacaine blocks the cardiac sodium ...
Ropivacaine
As for bupivacaine, Celepid, a commonly available intravenous lipid emulsion, can be effective in treating severe ... Weinberg G, Ripper R, Feinstein DL, Hoffman W (2003). "Lipid emulsion infusion rescues dogs from bupivacaine-induced cardiac ... Ropivacaine was developed after bupivacaine was noted to be associated with cardiac arrest, particularly in pregnant women. ... Ropivacaine was found to have less cardiotoxicity than bupivacaine in animal models. Ropivacaine is contraindicated for ...
Lipid emulsion
Weinberg G, Ripper R, Feinstein DL, Hoffman W (2003). "Lipid emulsion infusion rescues dogs from bupivacaine-induced cardiac ... "Pretreatment or resuscitation with a lipid infusion shifts the dose-response to bupivacaine-induced asystole in rats". ... treating experimental models of severe cardiotoxicity from intravenous overdose of local anaesthetic drugs such as bupivacaine ...
Meloxicam
Bupivacaine/meloxicam Use During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding "Mobic- meloxicam tablet". DailyMed. Retrieved 15 May 2021. " ...
Intravenous regional anesthesia
Cardiotoxic local anesthetic agents like bupivacaine and etidocaine are strictly contraindicated. The safety and effectiveness ... However, cardiotoxic local anesthetic agents like bupivacaine and etidocaine are contraindicated. Shorter procedure times (for ...
2,6-Xylidine
Commercially significant derivatives are the anesthetics lidocaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine, and etidocaine. 2,6-Xylidine is ...
DNA vaccine
... by temporarily damaging muscle fibres with myotoxins such as bupivacaine; or 3) by using hypertonic solutions of saline or ...
Sameridine
"Hypercarbic and hypoxic ventilatory responses after intrathecal administration of bupivacaine and sameridine". Anesthesia and ...
Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia
A small dose of local anaesthetic (e.g. bupivacaine) is then instilled. An opioid such as fentanyl may also be given if desired ... It further recommends the use of bupivacaine and fentanyl to establish the block. Combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia is a ...
Fentanyl
Spinal administration of hyperbaric bupivacaine with fentanyl may be the optimal combination. The almost immediate onset of ...
Anesthesia for eye surgery
Paracaine, tetracaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine etc. may also be used in place of xylocaine. Cataract surgery by ...
Ion trapping
... like bupivacaine, pyrimethamine) are more charged inside the cell than outside. The cell membrane is permeable to non-ionized ( ...
Facet joint injection
A local anesthetic, like Bupivacaine, is injected into the area to numb the joint. The patient might feel a slight sting. ...
Bryan L. Reuss
"Efficacy of Continuous Subacromial Bupivacaine Infusion for Pain Control After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair". Journal of ... "Efficacy of continuous subacromial bupivacaine infusion for pain control after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair". J Shoulder ...
Childbirth
"Placental transfer and neonatal effects of epidural sufentanil and fentanyl administered with bupivacaine during labor". ...
Notexin
"Notexin causes greater myotoxic damage and slower functional repair in mouse skeletal muscles than bupivacaine". Muscle & Nerve ...
Veterinary surgery
Lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine are the most commonly used local anesthetics used in veterinary medicine. Sedation ...
Bupivacaine/meloxicam Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term - Drugs.com
Learn about the potential side effects of bupivacaine/meloxicam. Includes common and rare side effects information for ... Applies to bupivacaine / meloxicam: injection solution extended release.. Warning. Injection route (Solution, Extended Release) ... Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking bupivacaine / meloxicam:. ... Applies to bupivacaine / meloxicam: injectable solution extended release.. General. The most common adverse reactions were ...
MedlinePlus - Search Results for: BUPIVACAINE OR IODINE OR LIDOCAINE
Prospective evaluation of combined local bupivacaine and steroid injections for the management of chronic vaginal and perineal...
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Effect of Peritumoral Bupivacaine on Primary and Distal Hyperalgesia in Cancer-Induced Bone Pain - Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
Effect of Peritumoral Bupivacaine on Primary and Distal Hyperalgesia in Cancer-Induced Bone Pain. Publication Type : Journal ... Peritumoral administration of bupivacaine in 7-day post-tumor-induced (PTI) rats resulted in a reversal of both primary and ... However, bupivacaine failed to reverse distal hyperalgesia in 14 day-PTI rats. ATF3 and GFAP expression were much enhanced in ... Bupivacaine was injected peritumorally at day 7 or day 14 post-tumor induction, and withdrawal thresholds in response to ...
EPINEPHRINE INCREASES BUPIVACAINE TOXICITY IN RATS | Anesthesiology | American Society of Anesthesiologists
EPINEPHRINE INCREASES BUPIVACAINE TOXICITY IN RATS W W Kinney, MD; W W Kinney, MD ... W W Kinney, S A Hyraan, J L Horn; EPINEPHRINE INCREASES BUPIVACAINE TOXICITY IN RATS. Anesthesiology 1991; 75:A681 doi: https ... Resuscitation with Lipid versus Epinephrine in a Rat Model of Bupivacaine Overdose Anesthesiology (May 2008) ... Epinephrine Impairs Lipid Resuscitation from Bupivacaine Overdose: A Threshold Effect Anesthesiology (September 2009) ...
Specified Sedative Completed Phase 4 Trials for Bupivacaine (DB00297) | DrugBank Online
Generic BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE INN equivalents, pharmaceutical patent and freedom to operate
BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE INN patent status, expiry and generic drug launch ... BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE. bupivacaine hydrochloride. INJECTABLE;INJECTION. 070585-001. Mar 3, 1987. AP. RX. No. No. See Plans ... What are the generic sources for bupivacaine hydrochloride and what is the scope of patent protection?. Bupivacaine ... What excipients (inactive ingredients) are in bupivacaine hydrochloride?. bupivacaine hydrochloride excipients list. ...
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Book Allergy Bupivacaine Fluorescence Assay Skin @Home at Best Prices at the slot of your choice. View details of test: When to ... Bupivacaine is a local anaesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide group. It is commonly marketed under various trade names, ... No special preparation is needed for Allergy Bupivacaine Fluorescence Assay Skin. Inform your doctor if you are on any ... Compared to other local anaesthetics, bupivacaine is markedly cardiotoxic. However, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are rare when ...
Bupivacaine 2.5 mg/ml Solution for Injection | License Info | Baxter Holding B.V. | Medicines.ie
The Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) is a specific document, the wording of which has been agreed with the regulatory authority as part of the medicine approval process. It is required before any medicine is allowed on the market in Europe. It is designed to assist doctors and pharmacists in prescribing and supplying the product ...
Ex Vivo Percutaneous Absorption of Ketamine, Bupivacaine, Diclofenac, Gabapentin, Orphenadrine, and Pentoxyifylline: Comparison...
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Motor blocking minimum local anesthetic concentrations of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine in labor. | Scholars...
Motor blocking minimum local anesthetic concentrations of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine in labor. ... Each patient received a 20 mL epidural bolus of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, or ropivacaine determined by the MMLAC model. ... The estimated MMLAC with the 95% confidence intervals (CI) were: Bupivacaine: 0.26% wt/vol (0.22-0.30); Levobupivacaine: 0.30% ... Motor blocking minimum local anesthetic concentrations of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine in labor. Journal ...
The effect of wound irrigation with bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia of the feline onychectomy patient | Citedby Results ...
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The effect of liposomal bupivacaine injection during total hip arthroplasty: a controlled cohort study | BMC Musculoskeletal...
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of liposomal bupivacaine with bupivacaine following total hip ... Liposomal bupivacaine is a formulation of local anesthetic which has the potential to provide anesthesia for up to 72 ... Liposomal bupivacaine administration during total hip arthroplasty appears to decrease the need for opioid use post operatively ... The results of this study justify the need for a well-designed randomized controlled trial utilizing liposomal bupivacaine as ...
A prospective, comparative, randomised, double blind study on the efficacy of addition of clonidine to 0.25% bupivacaine in...
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Zynrelef (bupivacaine and meloxicam) extended-release solution | CenterWatch
Zynrelef is a fixed-dose combination of bupivacaine and meloxicam.. Bupivacaine: Local anesthetics block the generation and the ... Bupivacaine HCl and saline placebo were administered by injection and instillation, respectively. Pain intensity was rated by ... Bupivacaine HCl and saline placebo were administered by injection and instillation, respectively. Pain intensity was rated by ... Zynrelef contains bupivacaine, an amide local anesthetic, and meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). ...
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IMSEAR at SEARO: Dexamethasone As Adjuvant To Intratheacal Bupivacaine
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Dexamethasone as adjuvant to intrathecal Bupivacaine, on onset time and ... The most commonly used drug is Bupivacaine heavy for the procedures lasting for 90 to 120 minutes. Sometimes procedures last ... Study group received intrathecal 15 mg (3 ml) of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine heavy and 8 mg (2.0ml) of preservative free ... Conclusion: Addition of Dexamethasone with Bupivacaine has shown prolongation of duration of sensory block and decreased the ...
Peripheral nerve block with a high concentration of tetracaine dissolved in bupivacaine for intractable post-herpetic itch: a...
Peripheral nerve block using 4% tetracaine dissolved with 0.5% bupivacaine was beneficial in relieving PHI in the ophthalmic ... After these conventional treatments, left supraorbital nerve block using 4% tetracaine dissolved with 0.5% bupivacaine was ... PHI successfully treated with supraorbital nerve block using a high concentration of tetracaine dissolved in bupivacaine. An 82 ... bupivacaine (20 mg tetracaine was dissolved in 0.5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine) was slowly injected. One week after the block, ...
Comparison of the duration and quality of epidural analgesia between plain bupivacaine alone and plain bupivacaine with...
Comparison of the duration and quality of epidural analgesia between plain bupivacaine alone and plain bupivacaine with ... Group A (n=37) received 19mls of 0.5% epidural plain bupivacaine with 1 ml of water for injection, while group B received 19mls ... The addition of 50mg (1ml) of tramadol to plain bupivacaine epidurally prolonged the duration of analgesia and improved the ... This study was aimed at comparing the duration and quality of epidural analgesia between plain bupivacaine alone with plain ...
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Effect of Local Bupivacaine Infiltration on Post-Tonsillectomy Pain
For each patient, 5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine was injected into one tonsil, as the case, and 5 ml of normal saline was injected ... the present study was performed to evaluate the effect of local bupivacaine infiltration, as an analgesic drug on pain after ... For each patient, 5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine was injected into one tonsil, as the case, and 5 ml of normal saline was injected ... "Effect of Local Bupivacaine Infiltration on Post-Tonsillectomy Pain". TANAFFOS (Respiration), 5, 1(winter), 2006, 45-49. ...
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Liposomal bupivacaineFixed-dose combination of bupiva0.25AnalgesiaRopivacaineHyperbaricLIDOCAINESensorcaineExtended-release bupivacaineLevobupivacaineFentanylAnalgesicEpinephrineContains bupivacaineIntrathecal bupivacaineInfiltrationTotal hip arthroplMeloxicamBlockadeInjectionsSingle doseOpioidBetamethasoneMeSHPediatricBlockNerveLocal anesthetics
Liposomal bupivacaine19
- Liposomal bupivacaine is a formulation of local anesthetic which has the potential to provide anesthesia for up to 72 hours following administration. (biomedcentral.com)
- The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of liposomal bupivacaine with bupivacaine following total hip arthroplasty. (biomedcentral.com)
- A retrospective chart review was performed on 28 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty or hip resurfacing who received intraoperative administration of liposomal bupivacaine. (biomedcentral.com)
- Liposomal bupivacaine administration during total hip arthroplasty appears to decrease the need for opioid use post operatively and decrease length of stay. (biomedcentral.com)
- The results of this study justify the need for a well-designed randomized controlled trial utilizing liposomal bupivacaine as part of multimodal analgesia during THA. (biomedcentral.com)
- Liposomal bupivacaine is a formulation of local anesthetic approved by the FDA in October 2011 for single-dose infiltration in the surgical site for postsurgical analgesia. (biomedcentral.com)
- Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Function after Interscalene Block with Liposomal Bupivacaine: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (ucdenver.edu)
- Comparing liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaine to bupivacaine alone in interscalene blocks for rotator cuff repair surgery: a randomized clinical trial. (ucdenver.edu)
- Earlier liposomal bupivacaine blocks improve analgesia and decrease opioid requirements for bariatric surgery patients. (ucdenver.edu)
- A randomized clinical trial of single dose liposomal bupivacaine versus indwelling analgesic catheter in patients undergoing surgical stabilization of rib fractures. (ucdenver.edu)
- Single-Shot Liposomal Bupivacaine Reduces Postoperative Narcotic Use Following Outpatient Rotator Cuff Repair: A Prospective, Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial. (ucdenver.edu)
- Peripheral Nerve Blockade with Combined Standard and Liposomal Bupivacaine in Major Lower-Extremity Amputation. (ucdenver.edu)
- A descriptive of the existing literature on the utility of liposomal bupivacaine in total hip arthroplasty. (openmedicalpublishing.org)
- Liposomal bupivacaine has been integrated into clinical practice within many surgical disciplines to reduce post-operative pain and opioid consumption. (openmedicalpublishing.org)
- The purpose of the present investigation is to summarize the current use of liposomal bupivacaine after total hip arthroplasty and to shed light on the prospect of liposomal bupivacaine to reduce opioid use after total hip arthroplasty. (openmedicalpublishing.org)
- A total of 9 articles were included regarding the use of liposomal bupivacaine in total hip arthroplasty. (openmedicalpublishing.org)
- Liposomal bupivacaine reduces postoperative opioid use, patient-reported outcomes, length of stay, and time to ambulation, yet is more expensive than traditional bupivacaine. (openmedicalpublishing.org)
- Liposomal bupivacaine represents a useful adjunct for multimodal pain strategies in total hip arthroplasty with sufficient evidence to suggest that it may be useful in decreasing postoperative opioid use. (openmedicalpublishing.org)
- A randomized-controlled trial comparing liposomal bupivacaine, plain bupivacaine, and the mixture of liposomal bupivacaine and plain bupivacaine in transversus abdominus plane block for postoperative analgesia for open abdominal hysterectomies. (amedeo.com)
Fixed-dose combination of bupiva1
- Zynrelef is a fixed-dose combination of bupivacaine and meloxicam. (centerwatch.com)
0.253
- A prospective, comparative, randomised, double blind study on the efficacy of addition of clonidine to 0.25% bupivacaine in scalp block for supratentorial craniotomies. (snacc.org)
- Patients were randomized to receive a total of 150 mg (0.25% 60 mL) bupivacaine via periportal (20 mL) and intraperitoneal (40 mL with 1:200,000 epinephrine) administration of each. (elsevier.com)
- Bupivacaine 0.25% may be used in combination with lidocaine plus epinephrine (50:50 mixture). (medscape.com)
Analgesia2
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Dexamethasone as adjuvant to intrathecal Bupivacaine, on onset time and duration of spinal analgesia. (who.int)
- CUPERTINO, Calif., Feb. 2, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- DURECT Corporation (Nasdaq: DRRX) today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Posimir (bupivacaine solution) for infiltration use in adults for administration into the subacromial space under direct arthroscopic visualization to produce post-surgical analgesia for up to 72 hours following arthroscopic subacromial decompression. (cliniexpert.com)
Ropivacaine7
- Motor blocking minimum local anesthetic concentrations of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine in labor. (duke.edu)
- The objective of this clinical trial was to simultaneously determine the motor blocking minimum local anesthetic concentrations (MMLAC) and the relative potency ratios for racemic bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine during labor. (duke.edu)
- Each patient received a 20 mL epidural bolus of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, or ropivacaine determined by the MMLAC model. (duke.edu)
- ANOVA of MMLAC estimates was significant (F = 3.32, P = .046), and when ranked by analgesic potencies, a significant linear trend (P = .014) to increasing motor blocking potencies from ropivacaine to levobupivacaine to bupivacaine was also found. (duke.edu)
- We aimed to investigate the efficacy of either plain or hyperbaric solutions of intrathecal bupivacaine and ropivacaine on maternal block characteristics, complications, side effects and neonatal parameters to find out which is superior in a single study. (gazi.edu.tr)
- 0.75% ropivacaine is a better anesthetic when compared to bupivacaine and lignocaine for pain control during third molar extractions. (ejmcm.com)
- 2022). 'Assessment Of Efficacy Of Lignocaine, Ropivacaine, And Bupivacaine In Control Of Pain During Extraction Of Mandibular Posterior Teeth', European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine , 9(7), pp. 1775-1779. (ejmcm.com)
Hyperbaric6
- Study group received intrathecal 15 mg (3 ml) of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine heavy and 8 mg (2.0ml) of preservative free Dexamethasone(Total 5.0 ml solution) and control group received intrathecal 15 mg (3 ml) of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine heavy with 2.0 ml normal saline (Total 5.0 ml solution). (who.int)
- Comparison of the efficacy of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine, 0.5% levobupivacaine, and 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in lower limb surgeries. (bvsalud.org)
- Various advantages of isobaric bupivacaine , levobupivacaine , and hyperbaric bupivacaine are described. (bvsalud.org)
- The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of spinal anesthesia (SA) performed with 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine , 0.5% levobupivacaine , and 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine . (bvsalud.org)
- in group 2 (2L)-3 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine (n = 37), in group 3 (3H)-3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (n = 37). (bvsalud.org)
- Comparative Study of Efficacay of Intrathecal Fentanyl and Intrathecal Tramadol Added as Adjuvant to 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Surgeries Under Spinal Anaesthesia. (aimdrjournal.com)
LIDOCAINE5
- The pK a of bupivacaine (8.1) is similar to that of lidocaine (7.86). (nih.gov)
- However, bupivacaine possesses a greater degree of lipid solubility and is protein bound to a greater extent than lidocaine. (nih.gov)
- In this multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, active- and placebo-controlled clinical trial, 412 patients undergoing unilateral simple bunionectomy with a lidocaine Mayo block were randomized to 1 of the following 3 treatment groups in a 3:3:2 ratio (respectively): Zynrelef 60 mg/1.8 mg, bupivacaine HCl 50 mg, or saline placebo. (centerwatch.com)
- Lidocaine is an amide local anesthetic used in a 0.5-1% concentration in combination with bupivacaine (50:50 mixture). (medscape.com)
- Bupivacaine and lidocaine compared for postoperative pain control. (bvsalud.org)
Sensorcaine1
- Sensorcaine ® (bupivacaine HCl) injections are sterile isotonic solutions that contain a local anesthetic agent with and without epinephrine (as bitartrate) 1:200,000 and are administered parenterally by injection. (nih.gov)
Extended-release bupivacaine1
- A new extended-release bupivacaine suspension bupivacaine (ERSB) delivers 3 days of local anesthetic and has been shown to reduce pain and narcotic usage in some patient groups but this issue is largely unstudied in urologic surgery. (turkishjournalofurology.com)
Levobupivacaine1
- A randomized-controlled, double-blind comparison of the postoperative analgesic efficacy of caudal bupivacaine and levobupivacaine in minor pediatric surgery. (ktu.edu.tr)
Fentanyl1
- 1998. Determination of the analgesic dose-response relationship for epidural fentanyl and sufentanil with bupivacaine 0.125% in laboring patients. . (cornell.edu)
Analgesic2
- Regarding the controversy in the role of injection of local analgesic drugs in tonsillectomy and the high prevalence of this procedure, the present study was performed to evaluate the effect of local bupivacaine infiltration, as an analgesic drug on pain after tonsillectomy in patients older than 9 years of ages. (tanaffosjournal.ir)
- Posimir (bupivacaine solution) for infiltration use is a novel and proprietary product that combines the strength of 660 mg of bupivacaine base with the innovative SABER® platform technology, enabling continuous sustained delivery of a non-opioid local analgesic over 3 days in adults. (cliniexpert.com)
Epinephrine6
- Solutions of bupivacaine HCl may be autoclaved if they do not contain epinephrine. (nih.gov)
- Each mL contains bupivacaine hydrochloride and 0.005 mg epinephrine, with 0.5 mg sodium metabisulfite as an antioxidant and 0.2 mg citric acid (anhydrous) as stabilizer. (nih.gov)
- Objective: After knee surgeries, the intra-articular administration of a solution mixing bupivacaine and epinephrine is a common regimen. (scitechnol.com)
- After closure of arthrotomy, a solution containing a 40 ml vial of 0.5% bupivacaine with epinephrine 1: 200000 was given prior to the deflation of tourniquet, and two groups were simply divided according to the intra-articular injection or not. (scitechnol.com)
- 9 ], who observed no significant different postoperative blood loss after the intra-articular bupivacaine and epinephrine lavage. (scitechnol.com)
- Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether local bupivacaine and epinephrine can reduce postoperative blood loss in our primary TKAs without drains. (scitechnol.com)
Contains bupivacaine1
- Zynrelef contains bupivacaine, an amide local anesthetic, and meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). (centerwatch.com)
Intrathecal bupivacaine1
- 5.Wahi A, Singh AK, Syal K, Sood A, Pathania J. Comparative efficacy of intrathecal bupivacaine alone and combination of bupivacaine with clonidine in spinal anaesthesia. (bvsalud.org)
Infiltration2
- Bupivacaine is indicated for local anesthesia including infiltration, nerve block, epidural, and intrathecal anesthesia. (practo.com)
- Effect of Local Bupivacaine Infiltration on Post-Tonsillectomy Pain', TANAFFOS (Respiration) , 5(1(winter)), pp. 45-49. (tanaffosjournal.ir)
Total hip arthropl1
- A control group of 30 patients who had previously undergone total hip arthroplasty or hip resurfacing and had received intraoperative administration of bupivacaine also underwent a chart review. (biomedcentral.com)
Meloxicam5
- Bupivacaine / meloxicam is contraindicated in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and PerforationNSAIDs cause an increased risk of serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events including bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach or intestines, which can be fatal. (drugs.com)
- Along with its needed effects, bupivacaine / meloxicam may cause some unwanted effects. (drugs.com)
- Some side effects of bupivacaine / meloxicam may occur that usually do not need medical attention . (drugs.com)
- The combination of bupivacaine and meloxicam was approved by the FDA in May 2021. (medscape.com)
- Among 418 patients undergoing unilateral open inguinal herniorrhaphy, bupivacaine/meloxicam demonstrated superior, sustained pain reduction through 72 hours, significantly reduced opioid consumption, and resulted in significantly more opioid-free subjects compared with saline placebo and bupivacaine. (medscape.com)
Blockade1
- Epidural blockade with bupivacaine and morphine was also performed. (bvsalud.org)
Injections1
- Patients underwent local injections with a combination of 0.5% bupivacaine (10 ml), hydrocortisone (100 mg) and hyaluronidase (1,500 IU). (nih.gov)
Single dose1
- Posimir contains more bupivacaine than any other approved single-dose sustained-release bupivacaine product. (cliniexpert.com)
Opioid1
- Continuous local bupivacaine wound infusion reduces oral opioid use for acute postoperative pain control following myelomeningocele repair. (ucdenver.edu)
Betamethasone1
- They injected betamethasone and bupivacaine in equal parts (1-2 mL/injection) into an EDS patient and reported 50% relief of pain with one injection. (medscape.com)
MeSH1
- Bupivacaine" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
Pediatric1
- Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of bupivacaine injection in the pediatric population. (purecaremeds.com)
Block5
- In this study, we aim to understand how tumor-induced primary and distal pain sensitivities are affected by bupivacaine-induced block of bone nerve endings in a rat model of CIBP. (amrita.edu)
- Bupivacaine: Local anesthetics block the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. (centerwatch.com)
- Here, we present a case of severe chronic PHI successfully treated with supraorbital nerve block using a high concentration of tetracaine dissolved in bupivacaine. (springeropen.com)
- After these conventional treatments, left supraorbital nerve block using 4% tetracaine dissolved with 0.5% bupivacaine was conducted. (springeropen.com)
- Peripheral nerve block using 4% tetracaine dissolved with 0.5% bupivacaine was beneficial in relieving PHI in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. (springeropen.com)
Nerve1
- Bupivacaine injection ( ketamine hcl ) causes a loss of feeling and prevents pain by blocking signals at the nerve endings. (purecaremeds.com)
Local anesthetics1
- Bupivacaine is related chemically and pharmacologically to the aminoacyl local anesthetics. (nih.gov)