Bulimia Nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia
Eating Disorders
Binge-Eating Disorder
Feeding Behavior
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Anorexia
Cognitive Therapy
Satiation
Social Control, Informal
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Impulsive Behavior
Affect
Personality Inventory
Self-Injurious Behavior
Body Mass Index
Questionnaires
Ghrelin
Body Weight
Patient Dropouts
Fenfluramine
Neuroimaging
Psychopharmacotherapy of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder. (1/225)
Pharmacotherapy for anorexia nervosa is considered to be of limited efficacy. However, many studies suffer methodological limitations, and the utility of newer drugs in the treatment of anorexia has not been examined yet. Although there have been more fruitful investigations on the efficacy of medication in the management of bulimia nervosa, there are still many unresolved issues regarding the optimal management of partial remission during the acute treatment phase and the intensity and duration of pharmacotherapy to achieve optimal prophylaxis. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) control the binge urges in binge-eating disorder, but more trials are required to investigate the utility of SSRIs and other agents in maintenance treatment. We review the current status of psychopharmacotherapy for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder and evaluate the merits of newer agents in the treatment of these disorders. (+info)Knowledge of oral and physical manifestations of anorexia and bulimia nervosa among dentists and dental hygienists. (2/225)
Despite the crucial role oral health care providers can have in the early identification of eating disorders and the referral and case management of patients with these disorders, little is known concerning their knowledge of oral complications of these disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge among dentists and dental hygienists concerning the oral and physical manifestations of eating disorders. Employing a randomized cross-sectional study, data were collected from 576 dentists and dental hygienists randomly selected from the American Dental Association and the American Dental Hygienists' Association. Results indicated low scores concerning knowledge of oral cues, physical cues of anorexia, and physical cues of bulimia among study participants. More dental hygienists than dentists correctly identified oral manifestations of eating disorders (p=.001) and physical cues of anorexia (p=.010) and bulimia (p=.002). As the first health professional to identify oral symptoms of eating disorders, the most important task of the dental care provider when identifying oro-dental signs of eating disorders is to ensure that the patient receives treatment. Implications for education include the addition of conceptual, procedural, and skill-based curricula objectives addressing etiologic assessment and patient communication--thus increasing behavioral capacity for delivery of restorative care and patient referral. (+info)The Eating Disorders Section of the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA): development and validation. (3/225)
OBJECTIVE: Development and validation of the Eating Disorders Section of the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). It is a package of questionnaires, interviews and evaluation techniques, designed to generate DSM-IV and ICD-10 based diagnoses of anorexia, bulimia nervosa and the respective partial syndromes in epidemiological studies, in subjects who are 7 to 17 years old. The parents are interviewed in all cases, as are young people aged 11 or more. METHODS: 174 girls, divided into three groups, were assessed with the Eating Disorders Section of the Development and Well-Being Assessment: 48 with eating disorders, 55 clinical controls (with depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder or gastrointestinal disease) and 71 community controls. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the assessment were investigated by comparing the Development and Well-Being Assessment diagnoses with independent psychiatric diagnoses. The test-retest reliability was investigated by reapplying the measure on 55 subjects after 2 or 3 weeks. RESULTS: For the detection of any DSM-IV and ICD-10 eating disorder, the final Development and Well-Being Assessment diagnosis had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 94%, positive predictive value of 88%, and a negative predictive value of 100%; there was 95% agreement between the initial and repeat diagnoses (a kappa of 0.81). CONCLUSION: The Eating Disorders Section of the Development and Well-Being Assessment has suitable psychometric properties for use in clinical and epidemiological studies. (+info)Early experiences and their relationship to maternal eating disorder symptoms, both lifetime and during pregnancy. (4/225)
BACKGROUND: There is some evidence that early sexual abuse is an aetiological factor for eating disorder. However, there is sparse information from large-scale, non-clinical studies. AIMS: This study was designed to explore which early experiences, recalled during pregnancy, were associated with both lifetime and antenatal eating disorder symptoms in a community sample. METHOD: Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted of data from questionnaires administered during pregnancy to a community sample of pregnant women. RESULTS: Recall of parental mental health problems and of early unwanted sexual experiences were independently associated with both lifetime eating problems, laxative use and vomiting during pregnancy, and marked concern during pregnancy over shape and weight. CONCLUSIONS: There are public health implications for these results. Eating disorders in mothers represent a risk for child development. It may be important to enquire during pregnancy about a history of eating problems and to provide the opportunity for early experiences to be discussed. (+info)Linkage analysis of anorexia and bulimia nervosa cohorts using selected behavioral phenotypes as quantitative traits or covariates. (5/225)
To increase the likelihood of finding genetic variation conferring liability to eating disorders, we measured over 100 attributes thought to be related to liability to eating disorders on affected individuals from multiplex families and two cohorts: one recruited through a proband with anorexia nervosa (AN; AN cohort); the other recruited through a proband with bulimia nervosa (BN; BN cohort). By a multilayer decision process based on expert evaluation and statistical analysis, six traits were selected for linkage analysis (1): obsessionality (OBS), age at menarche (MENAR), and anxiety (ANX) for quantitative trait locus (QTL) linkage analysis; and lifetime minimum body mass index (BMI), concern over mistakes (CM), and food-related obsessions (OBF) for covariate-based linkage analysis. The BN cohort produced the largest linkage signals: for QTL linkage analysis, four suggestive signals: (for MENAR, at 10p13; for ANX, at 1q31.1, 4q35.2, and 8q13.1); for covariate-based linkage analyses, both significant and suggestive linkages (for BMI, one significant [4q21.1] and three suggestive [3p23, 10p13, 5p15.3]; for CM, two significant [16p13.3, 14q21.1] and three suggestive [4p15.33, 8q11.23, 10p11.21]; and for OBF, one significant [14q21.1] and five suggestive [4p16.1, 10p13.1, 8q11.23, 16p13.3, 18p11.31]). Results from the AN cohort were far less compelling: for QTL linkage analysis, two suggestive signals (for OBS at 6q21 and for ANX at 9p21.3); for covariate-based linkage analysis, five suggestive signals (for BMI at 4q13.1, for CM at 11p11.2 and 17q25.1, and for OBF at 17q25.1 and 15q26.2). Overlap between the two cohorts was minimal for substantial linkage signals. (+info)Autoantibodies against neuropeptides are associated with psychological traits in eating disorders. (6/225)
Previously, we identified that a majority of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) as well as some control subjects display autoantibodies (autoAbs) reacting with alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) or adrenocorticotropic hormone, melanocortin peptides involved in appetite control and the stress response. In this work, we studied the relevance of such autoAbs to AN and BN. In addition to previously identified neuropeptide autoAbs, the current study revealed the presence of autoAbs reacting with oxytocin (OT) or vasopressin (VP) in both patients and controls. Analysis of serum levels of identified autoAbs showed an increase of IgM autoAbs against alpha-MSH, OT, and VP as well as of IgG autoAbs against VP in AN patients when compared with BN patients and controls. Further, we investigated whether levels of these autoAbs correlated with psychological traits characteristic for eating disorders. We found significantly altered correlations between alpha-MSH autoAb levels and the total Eating Disorder Inventory-2 score, as well as most of its subscale dimensions in AN and BN patients vs. controls. Remarkably, these correlations were opposite in AN vs. BN patients. In contrast, levels of autoAbs reacting with adrenocorticotropic hormone, OT, or VP had only few altered correlations with the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 subscale dimensions in AN and BN patients. Thus, our data reveal that core psychobehavioral abnormalities characteristic for eating disorders correlate with the levels of autoAbs against alpha-MSH, suggesting that AN and BN may be associated with autoAb-mediated dysfunctions of primarily the melanocortin system. (+info)Overeating among seriously overweight children seeking treatment: results of the children's eating disorder examination. (7/225)
OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine rates of eating disorder symptoms among seriously overweight children seeking treatment using the Eating Disorder Examination for Children (ChEDE) and to provide initial data about their association with treatment outcome. METHOD: Overweight children (N = 27) 8-13 years old were interviewed using the ChEDE before participating in a family-based behavioral treatment program. Height and weight were measured pretreatment, posttreatment, and approximately 8 months posttreatment. RESULTS: Fifteen percent of children reported subjective bulimic episodes (SBE). Weight loss did not differ for children with and without SBEs, but concerns about body shape were related to larger weight losses during treatment. CONCLUSION: A considerable minority of treatment-seeking overweight children report an episodic sense of loss of control over eating. Loss of control is related to other disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, but does not appear to affect treatment outcome. Future studies are needed to replicate these initial findings. (+info)An empirical comparison of atypical bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. (8/225)
The International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) defines atypical bulimia nervosa (ABN) as an eating disorder that encompasses several different syndromes, including the DSM-IV binge eating disorder (BED). We investigated whether patients with BED can be differentiated clinically from patients with ABN who do not meet criteria for BED. Fifty-three obese patients were examined using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and the ICD-10 criteria for eating disorders. All volunteers completed the Binge Eating Scale (BES), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Individuals fulfilling criteria for both ABN and BED (N = 18), ABN without BED (N = 16), and obese controls (N = 19) were compared and contrasted. Patients with ABN and BED and patients with ABN without BED displayed similar levels of binge eating severity according to the BES (31.05 +/- 7.7 and 30.05 +/- 5.5, respectively), which were significantly higher than those found in the obese controls (18.32 +/- 8.7; P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). When compared to patients with ABN and BED, patients with ABN without BED showed increased lifetime rates of agoraphobia (P = 0.02) and increased scores in the somatization (1.97 +/- 0.85 vs 1.02 +/- 0.68; P = 0.001), obsessive-compulsive (2.10 +/- 1.03 vs 1.22 +/- 0.88; P = 0.01), anxiety (1.70 +/- 0.82 vs 1.02 +/- 0.72; P = 0.02), anger (1.41 +/- 1.03 vs 0.59 +/- 0.54; P = 0.005) and psychoticism (1.49 +/- 0.93 vs 0.75 +/- 0.55; P = 0.01) dimensions of the SCL-90. The BED construct may represent a subgroup of ABN with less comorbities and associated symptoms. (+info)BN is a serious mental health condition that affects individuals of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. It is estimated that approximately 1% of females and 0.5% of males will develop BN at some point in their lifetime.
Symptoms of BN include:
1. Recurring episodes of binge eating, which are characterized by consuming large amounts of food in a short period of time.
2. Purging behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives or diuretics, or fasting.
3. Feeling out of control during binge eating episodes.
4. Feeling guilty or ashamed after binge eating.
5. Loss of menstrual period in females (amenorrhea).
6. Dental problems such as tooth erosion and gum inflammation.
7. Gastric rupture, which is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication.
BN can have serious physical and emotional consequences if left untreated, including:
1. Electrolyte imbalances that can lead to heart problems, seizures, and other complications.
2. Gastrointestinal problems such as esophageal inflammation, gastric ulcers, and constipation.
3. Dental problems such as tooth decay and gum recession.
4. Hormonal imbalances that can lead to menstrual irregularities, fertility problems, and other hormone-related issues.
5. Social isolation and depression.
6. Anxiety and stress.
7. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
Treatment for BN typically involves a combination of medication and therapy, including:
1. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to address negative thought patterns and behaviors related to binge eating and weight management.
2. Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) to improve communication skills and relationships with others.
3. Psychodynamic therapy to explore underlying emotional issues and gain insight into the causes of BN.
4. Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and other antidepressants to help manage symptoms of BN, such as depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors.
5. Nutritional counseling to learn healthy eating habits and improve overall nutrition.
6. Support groups to connect with others who are experiencing similar struggles and to receive ongoing support and encouragement.
It's important to note that BN is a treatable condition, and seeking professional help can lead to significant improvements in physical and emotional health. With the right treatment and support, individuals with BN can learn to manage their symptoms and live a fulfilling life.
Anorexia Nervosa can be further divided into two subtypes:
1. Restrictive Type: This type of anorexia is characterized by restrictive eating patterns, such as limiting food intake and avoiding certain types of food. People with this type may have a fear of gaining weight or becoming fat.
2. Binge/Purge Type: This type of anorexia is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors, such as vomiting, using laxatives, or exercising excessively. People with this type may feel a loss of control during binge episodes and may experience guilt or shame afterward.
Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa can include:
* Restrictive eating habits
* Obsession with weight loss or body image
* Denial of hunger or fatigue
* Excessive exercise
* Difficulty maintaining a healthy weight
* Osteoporosis or other medical complications
Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, nutrition counseling, and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common form of psychotherapy used to help individuals with anorexia nervosa change their negative thought patterns and behaviors related to food and body image. Family-based therapy can also be effective in treating adolescents with anorexia nervosa.
It is important to note that Anorexia Nervosa is a serious mental health condition that can have life-threatening consequences if left untreated. If you or someone you know is struggling with anorexia, it is important to seek professional help as soon as possible. With appropriate treatment and support, individuals with anorexia nervosa can recover and lead a healthy, fulfilling life.
Some common signs and symptoms of bulimia include:
* Frequent episodes of binge eating, often accompanied by feelings of guilt, shame, or self-criticism
* Purging behaviors such as vomiting, using laxatives, or excessive exercise to compensate for the binge eating
* Secretive or secretive behavior around eating habits
* Difficulty maintaining a healthy weight due to extreme calorie restriction or purging
* Constipation, bloating, or other gastrointestinal symptoms
* Tooth decay and gum problems from frequent acid exposure
* Hormonal imbalances and menstrual irregularities
* Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and other complications from purging
* Social withdrawal, low self-esteem, and other emotional difficulties
Bulimia can be difficult to diagnose, as individuals with the disorder may try to hide their symptoms or deny that they have a problem. However, healthcare professionals can use the following criteria to diagnose bulimia:
* Recurring episodes of binge eating or purging behaviors at least once a week for three months
* Self-evaluation of body shape or weight that is distorted or excessive
* Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat
* Denial of the disorder or secrecy around eating habits
If you suspect that someone you know may have bulimia, it's important to approach the situation with sensitivity and support. Encourage them to seek professional help from a mental health provider or a registered dietitian who specializes in eating disorders. With appropriate treatment and support, individuals with bulimia can recover and lead a healthy, fulfilling life.
The most common types of eating disorders include:
1. Anorexia Nervosa: This is characterized by a severe restriction of food intake, leading to a significantly low body weight. Individuals with anorexia nervosa may have a distorted body image and may view themselves as being overweight, even if they are underweight.
2. Bulimia Nervosa: This is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by purging, such as vomiting or using laxatives, to rid the body of the consumed food. This can lead to a cycle of guilt and shame, and can have serious physical consequences such as electrolyte imbalances and gastrointestinal problems.
3. Binge Eating Disorder: This is characterized by episodes of uncontrolled eating, often accompanied by feelings of guilt and shame. Unlike bulimia nervosa, there is no purging or compensatory behaviors to rid the body of the consumed food.
4. Other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED): This category includes a range of eating disorders that do not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder. Examples include orthorexia nervosa (an obsession with healthy eating), avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (a lack of interest in eating or a fear of eating), and pica (eating non-food items).
Eating disorders can have serious physical and emotional consequences, including:
1. Malnutrition: Eating disorders can lead to malnutrition, which can cause a range of health problems, including fatigue, hair loss, and poor wound healing.
2. Electrolyte imbalances: Eating disorders can also lead to electrolyte imbalances, which can cause heart problems, muscle weakness, and other complications.
3. Tooth decay and gum disease: Frequent vomiting can erode tooth enamel and lead to tooth decay and gum disease.
4. Digestive problems: Eating disorders can cause digestive problems such as constipation, diarrhea, and acid reflux.
5. Hormonal imbalances: Eating disorders can disrupt hormone levels, leading to menstrual irregularities, infertility, and other hormone-related problems.
6. Anxiety and depression: Eating disorders can also contribute to anxiety and depression, which can make it more difficult to recover from the eating disorder.
7. Social isolation: Eating disorders can lead to social isolation, as individuals may avoid social situations where food is involved or feel ashamed of their eating habits.
8. Body image distortion: Eating disorders can also cause body image distortion, leading to a negative and unrealistic view of one's body.
9. Osteoporosis: Eating disorders can increase the risk of osteoporosis, particularly in individuals who have been suffering from the disorder for a long time or who have experienced significant weight loss.
10. Increased risk of suicide: Eating disorders can also increase the risk of suicide, as individuals may feel overwhelmed by their symptoms and struggling to cope with the emotional and physical consequences of the disorder.
It's important to note that these complications can be life-threatening and require prompt medical attention. If you or someone you know is struggling with an eating disorder, it's essential to seek professional help from a mental health professional, a registered dietitian, or a primary care physician. With proper treatment and support, individuals can recover from eating disorders and lead a healthy and fulfilling life.
There are several criteria that must be met in order for a person to be diagnosed with binge-eating disorder. These include:
1. Recurrent episodes of binge eating: A person must experience at least one episode of binge eating per week for three months or more.
2. Loss of control during binge eating: The person must feel that they have no control over their eating during these episodes.
3. Eating rapidly and until feeling uncomfortably full: The person must eat quickly and continue to eat even after feeling full.
4. Eating in secret: The person may eat in secret or hide evidence of their binge eating.
5. Feeling guilty or ashamed after binge eating: The person may feel guilty or ashamed after engaging in binge eating.
6. Weight gain: Binge eating can lead to weight gain, which is often accompanied by body dissatisfaction.
7. Three or more of the following symptoms:
* Eating more rapidly than normal
* Eating until feeling uncomfortably full
* Eating large amounts of food in a short period of time
* Feeling guilty or ashamed after eating
* Loss of control over eating
* Often thinking about eating or binge eating
* Using food to cope with stress or negative emotions
It's important to note that while binge-eating disorder is a distinct eating disorder, it can also occur in individuals who have other eating disorders, such as bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa. Additionally, binge-eating disorder can co-occur with other mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Vomiting can be caused by a variety of factors, such as:
1. Infection: Viral or bacterial infections can inflame the stomach and intestines, leading to vomiting.
2. Food poisoning: Consuming contaminated or spoiled food can cause vomiting.
3. Motion sickness: Traveling by car, boat, plane, or other modes of transportation can cause motion sickness, which leads to vomiting.
4. Alcohol or drug overconsumption: Drinking too much alcohol or taking certain medications can irritate the stomach and cause vomiting.
5. Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause nausea and vomiting, especially during the first trimester.
6. Other conditions: Vomiting can also be a symptom of other medical conditions such as appendicitis, pancreatitis, and migraines.
When someone is vomiting, they may experience:
1. Nausea: A feeling of queasiness or sickness in the stomach.
2. Abdominal pain: Crampy or sharp pain in the abdomen.
3. Diarrhea: Loose, watery stools.
4. Dehydration: Loss of fluids and electrolytes.
5. Headache: A throbbing headache can occur due to dehydration.
6. Fatigue: Weakness and exhaustion.
Treatment for vomiting depends on the underlying cause, but may include:
1. Fluid replacement: Drinking fluids to replenish lost electrolytes and prevent dehydration.
2. Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs or antibiotics may be prescribed to treat infections or other conditions causing vomiting.
3. Rest: Resting the body and avoiding strenuous activities.
4. Dietary changes: Avoiding certain foods or substances that trigger vomiting.
5. Hospitalization: In severe cases of vomiting, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat underlying conditions.
It is important to seek medical attention if the following symptoms occur with vomiting:
1. Severe abdominal pain.
2. Fever above 101.5°F (38.6°C).
3. Blood in vomit or stools.
4. Signs of dehydration, such as excessive thirst, dark urine, or dizziness.
5. Vomiting that lasts for more than 2 days.
6. Frequent vomiting with no relief.
Anorexia can have serious physical and emotional consequences, including:
* Malnutrition and nutrient deficiencies
* Osteoporosis and bone loss
* Heart problems and low blood pressure
* Hormonal imbalances
* Depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders
* Social isolation and difficulties in relationships
There are two main types of anorexia:
* Restrictive type: Characterized by restrictive eating habits and a fear of gaining weight.
* Binge/purge type: Characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors, such as vomiting or using laxatives.
Treatment for anorexia typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, nutrition counseling, and medication. Family-based therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy are some of the common approaches used to treat anorexia. Medications such as antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs may also be prescribed to help manage symptoms.
In conclusion, anorexia is a complex and serious eating disorder that can have long-lasting physical and emotional consequences. It is important to seek professional help if symptoms persist or worsen over time. With appropriate treatment, individuals with anorexia can recover and lead a healthy and fulfilling life.
Definition: Hyperphagia is a condition characterized by excessive hunger and overeating, often seen in individuals with certain medical or psychiatric conditions.
More Information
Hyperphagia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
* Hormonal imbalances, such as low levels of leptin or high levels of ghrelin
* Certain medications, such as steroids and some antidepressants
* Medical conditions, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
* Psychiatric conditions, such as binge eating disorder and other eating disorders
* Sleep deprivation or disruptions in the body's circadian rhythms
Symptoms of hyperphagia may include:
* Increased hunger and desire to eat
* Overeating or consuming large amounts of food
* Difficulty controlling food intake
* Feeling anxious or irritable when unable to eat
* Weight gain or obesity
Treatment for hyperphagia typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as hormonal imbalances or psychiatric conditions. This may involve medication, therapy, or lifestyle changes. In some cases, weight loss strategies and nutrition counseling may also be helpful.
It is important to note that hyperphagia can have serious health consequences, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. If you suspect you or someone you know may be experiencing hyperphagia, it is important to seek medical attention to determine the cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
1. Twin-to-twin transmission: This refers to the transmission of infectious agents or other conditions from one twin to the other in utero, during delivery, or after birth. Examples include rubella, herpes simplex virus, and group B streptococcus.
2. Monozygotic (identical) twins: These twins develop from a single fertilized egg and share an identical genetic makeup. They are at higher risk of developing certain diseases, such as immune system disorders and some types of cancer, because of their shared genetics.
3. Dizygotic (fraternal) twins: These twins develop from two separate eggs and have a similar but not identical genetic makeup. They are at higher risk of developing diseases that affect multiple family members, such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
4. Twin-specific diseases: These are conditions that affect only twins or are more common in twins than in the general population. Examples include Klinefelter syndrome, which affects males with an extra X chromosome, and Turner syndrome, which affects females with a missing X chromosome.
5. Twin-related complications: These are conditions that occur during pregnancy or delivery and are more common in twins than in singletons. Examples include preterm labor, growth restriction, and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.
6. Genetic disorders: Twins can inherit genetic mutations from their parents, which can increase their risk of developing certain diseases. Examples include sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and Huntington's disease.
7. Environmental exposures: Twins may be exposed to similar environmental factors during fetal development, which can increase their risk of developing certain health problems. Examples include maternal smoking during pregnancy, exposure to lead or other toxins, and maternal infections during pregnancy.
8. Social and cultural factors: Twins may face unique social and cultural challenges, such as discrimination, stigma, and social isolation, which can affect their mental health and well-being.
It's important to note that while twins may be at increased risk for certain health problems, many twins are born healthy and lead normal, healthy lives. Regular prenatal care, proper nutrition, and a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risks of complications during pregnancy and after delivery. Additionally, advances in medical technology and research have improved the detection and treatment of many twin-related health issues.
Body weight is an important health indicator, as it can affect an individual's risk for certain medical conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Maintaining a healthy body weight is essential for overall health and well-being, and there are many ways to do so, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and other lifestyle changes.
There are several ways to measure body weight, including:
1. Scale: This is the most common method of measuring body weight, and it involves standing on a scale that displays the individual's weight in kg or lb.
2. Body fat calipers: These are used to measure body fat percentage by pinching the skin at specific points on the body.
3. Skinfold measurements: This method involves measuring the thickness of the skin folds at specific points on the body to estimate body fat percentage.
4. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA): This is a non-invasive method that uses electrical impulses to measure body fat percentage.
5. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA): This is a more accurate method of measuring body composition, including bone density and body fat percentage.
It's important to note that body weight can fluctuate throughout the day due to factors such as water retention, so it's best to measure body weight at the same time each day for the most accurate results. Additionally, it's important to use a reliable scale or measuring tool to ensure accurate measurements.
Bulimia nervosa
List of people with bulimia nervosa
Overeating
Eating Disorder Inventory
Differential diagnoses of anorexia nervosa
Nausea
Purging disorder
1979 in science
Gerald Russell
Eating disorders in Chinese women
In Clothes Called Fat
Anorexia nervosa
Dance and health
Hans Steiner
Cognitive behavioral treatment of eating disorders
Billy Mitchell (EastEnders)
Trait theory
Reward dependence
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Glossary of medicine
Peter Cooper (psychopathologist)
Impulsivity
Tyler Oakley
Mario Di Fiorino
Parotitis
Erica Stokes
Barratt Impulsiveness Scale
Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale
Otto Dörr Zegers
Binge eating
Cognitive module
Animal psychopathology
Jennifer Palm Lundberg
Meredith Baxter
National Eating Disorders Association
Cleo McQueen
Criticism of The Walt Disney Company
Laxative
Oral manifestations of systemic disease
Sophia Thiel
SCAN
Night eating syndrome
Nicole Dollanganger
Feminine beauty ideal
Food addiction
Sonya Caleffi
Cerebral atrophy
Thin ideal
Drunkorexia
Trim and Fit
Neuropsychiatry
Emma Igelström
Hilaria Baldwin
William Stewart Agras
Emotional eating
Altanserin
Susan Bordo
Body image disturbance
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Binge17
- People with bulimia repeatedly binge eat - eat large amounts in one sitting, with a loss of control - and engage in 'purging' behaviours such as vomiting and restricting behaviour to compensate for the food they have eaten. (mentalhealth.org.nz)
- Bulimia nervosa, a mental illness 4 times more common than anorexia nervosa, is characterized by binge-eating followed by compensatory purging behaviors, which include self-induced vomiting, diuretic abuse, laxative abuse, and misuse of insulin. (nih.gov)
- The key to diagnosing bulimia nervosa is whether a child is a binge eater, meaning that she consumes much more in a given period than average, and has a "sense of lack of control" during the binge episode, which is often described as a sort of "out-of-body" experience. (neurobx.com)
- No. While many people with bulimia find that they can effectively manage the desire to binge and purge after treatment, it is a lifelong undertaking. (neurobx.com)
- What they really wanted to know was whether circuits operating within the striatum were altered in some way in people with binge eating disorder or bulimia nervosa . (nih.gov)
- Twenty-one participants were diagnosed with binge eating disorder, and 13 had bulimia nervosa. (nih.gov)
- Binge eating is a common symptom of eating disorders such as binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa and ANorexia nervosa. (ingramwildlife.com)
- The most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. (indiatimes.com)
- Background: Cue-exposure therapy (CET) has proven its effi cacy in treating patients with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder who are resistant to standard treatment. (1library.co)
- This is because many of the behaviors associated with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa-such as binge eating, self-induced vomiting, and use of diuretics or laxatives-cause changes in the mouth. (smlakesidedental.com)
- Common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. (nih.gov)
- People who have bulimia go through periods where they eat a lot of food in a very short amount of time (binge eating) and then make themselves sick, use laxatives (medication to help them poo) or do excessive exercise, or a combination of these, to try to stop themselves gaining weight. (lotus-dentalgroup.com)
- People with bulimia that secretly binge - consuming large amounts of food with a lack of control over consuming - and then purge, trying to unhealthily get rid of the extra calories. (kayawell.com)
- Many people with bulimia severely calories in binge episodes, which can cause an impulse to consume and purge binge once again. (kayawell.com)
- How is binge eating disorder different from bulimia nervosa? (nih.gov)
- People who have bulimia nervosa routinely try to prevent weight gain after binge eating by vomiting, using laxatives or diuretics , fasting, or exercising excessively. (nih.gov)
- Men may make up 10%-25% of the population with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa (4,13) and nearly half of cases of binge eating (4). (cdc.gov)
Adolescence2
- Bulimia most often begins in adolescence or early adulthood, but it can affect people of all ages, genders, races and social groups. (mentalhealth.org.nz)
- Bulimia sometimes occurs at late adolescence or early adulthood. (kayawell.com)
Anorexia nerviosa1
- Psychological and socio-cultural risk factors were analyzed, which may account for the etiology of Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Anorexia Nerviosa (AN). (bvsalud.org)
Behaviors associated1
- Like anorexia, the unhealthy behaviors associated with bulimia can lead to severe medical problems and even death. (neurobx.com)
Symptoms5
- If you have bulimia, you may also experience symptoms of anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or substance-use disorder (SUD). (mentalhealth.org.nz)
- If you are experiencing bulimia, you - or the people around you - may notice some of the following behaviours, feelings and physical symptoms. (mentalhealth.org.nz)
- While psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy, are preferred treatments, some antidepressants have proven effective in combating the symptoms of bulimia. (neurobx.com)
- A diagnosis of Bulimia Nervosa (BN) is usually made when a person has symptoms or behaviours which occur as frequently as every week. (ellernmede.org)
- If you believe a loved one may have bulimia symptoms, have an open and honest discussion of your concerns. (kayawell.com)
Complications3
- Patients with bulimia nervosa are at risk of developing medical complications that affect all body systems, especially the renal and electrolyte systems. (nih.gov)
- People with fewer medical complications of bulimia and those willing and able to take part in therapy have a better chance of recovery. (nih.gov)
- Anorexia and bulimia nervosa are associated with comorbid medical conditions such as osteoporosis and complications of the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems (1-3). (cdc.gov)
Laxatives1
- Bulimia Nervosa A. An eating disorder when a person eat large amounts of foods followed by a desire to get rid of the food by vomiting ,use of laxatives and excessive exercise("What is Bulimia",2015) B. There are two cause which effect the person with Bulimia nervosa which are depression and anxiety 1. (ingramwildlife.com)
Treatment12
- Mental health literacy and eating disorders: What do women with bulimic eating disorders think and know about bulimia nervosa and its treatment? (edu.au)
- Dive into the research topics of 'Mental health literacy and eating disorders: What do women with bulimic eating disorders think and know about bulimia nervosa and its treatment? (edu.au)
- Behavioral management is the first-line treatment for bulimia-professionals will address the dangerous and worrying purging behavior and ensure that your child is healthy before moving on to more long-lasting interventions. (neurobx.com)
- Bolanle Soyombo Cox AP Lit A2 April 18, 2012 Bulimia Nervosa: Argument Although bulimia nervosa can be treated in multiple fashions, there is a specific treatment that is proven to be the most effective in not only bulimia nervosa, but also other anxiety related disorders. (ingramwildlife.com)
- Should topiramate be considered for the treatment of bulimia nervosa? (ingramwildlife.com)
- significance of treatment for Bulimia Nervosa as well as which way of treatment is best for Bulimia. (ingramwildlife.com)
- Furthermore, in the paper the results will indicate the efficacy of treatment of which method of treatment is best for Bulimia. (ingramwildlife.com)
- Bulimia nervosa can be treated successfully by the best homeopathic treatment in Hyderabad. (drankireddy.com)
- Ellern Mede follows NICE guidelines in treating Bulimia, the treatment of choice being cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). (ellernmede.org)
- This project aims to reduce stigma and help young people from BAME communities to access treatment for Bulimia Nervosa. (maudsleycharity.org)
- It's important that people with bulimia nervosa receive evidence-based treatment from a trained mental health professional as early as possible. (zencare.co)
- He or she can help you take the first steps toward successful treatment for bulimia. (kayawell.com)
People15
- Sadly, the stereotype of bulimia nervosa affecting only young women can sometimes stop other people from getting the help they need. (mentalhealth.org.nz)
- It's important to remember that bulimia can affect people of any weight and body shape. (mentalhealth.org.nz)
- Publication year: 2011 Source: European Psychiatry, Available online 14 September 2011 H. DeJong, F. Van den Eynde, H. Broadbent, M.D. Kenyon, A. Lavender, … ObjectiveClinical accounts and previous evidence suggest that socio-emotional impairments may be present in people with bulimia nervosa (BN). (ipodiatry.org)
- Whatever the causes, people with bulimia seem to experience a sort of short-lived relief or pleasure when they purge alien to those without the disorder. (neurobx.com)
- People with anorexia nervosa refuse to eat, so they generally use different methods to limit their calorie intake to lose weight. (ingramwildlife.com)
- For example, repeated episodes of vomiting, which is common in people with bulimia, release harmful stomach acids that pass through the mouth and can erode tooth enamel, causing cavities, discoloration and tooth loss. (smlakesidedental.com)
- In a book entitled Eating Disorders and the Brain edited by Ellern Mede founder, Professor Bryan Lask, regular feelings of 'hunger' are more marked for people with bulimia than people with other eating disorders. (ellernmede.org)
- Research reported in UK statistics portal 'Statista' indicates that 45% of people who experience bulimia will make a full recovery and 27% a partial recovery. (ellernmede.org)
- People with bulimia nervosa may be underweight, a normal weight, or overweight. (zencare.co)
- People with bulimia may use different methods to rid themselves of calories and prevent weight gain. (kayawell.com)
- Because most people with bulimia are usually normal weight or slightly overweight, something is wrong may not be apparent to others. (kayawell.com)
- People with bulimia may feel negative about themselves. (kayawell.com)
- Many people with bulimia also have anorexia . (nih.gov)
- People with bulimia are often at a normal weight, but they may see themselves as being overweight. (nih.gov)
- Compared with the general population, people with anorexia or bulimia nervosa are at increased risk of suicide (5,6). (cdc.gov)
Antidepressants1
- More emphasis on the question, is Bulimia Nervosa best treated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or with antidepressants such as Adapin or Prozac? (ingramwildlife.com)
Patients2
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial diversity in the oral cavity of patients with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia nervosa by cultivation techniques and cultivationindependent molecular methods. (unesp.br)
- Long-term menstrual and reproductive function in patients with bulimia nervosa. (uchicago.edu)
Severe3
- Bulimia can have severe health consequences if left untreated, including damage to your teeth, mouth and digestive tract. (mentalhealth.org.nz)
- Bulimia (boo-LEE-me-uh) Nervosa is a severe, often life-threatening eating disorder generally called bulimia. (kayawell.com)
- Bulimia can cause many severe problems, and even life-threatening ones. (kayawell.com)
Alterations2
- Eating disorders such as nervous Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa have several clinical and oral alterations related to the nutritional state involvement and the inadequate compensatory practices for weight control. (unesp.br)
- Earlier research in 1998 by Dr Kaye reported that women with bulimia nervosa experience alterations of serotonin level, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood. (ellernmede.org)
Self-induced1
- Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by out-of-control eating offset by fasting, extreme exercise, or purging-voiding food by self-induced vomiting or other means. (neurobx.com)
Episodes2
- Bulimia nervosa is a mental health condition that involves episodes of eating large quantities of food (binging) and feeling of a lack of control over the eating. (zencare.co)
- Bulimia is an eating disorder in which a person has regular episodes of eating a very large amount of food (bingeing) during which the person feels a loss of control over their eating. (nih.gov)
Eating Disorders2
- You may want to read this article on eating disorders first, and then come back here for bulimia nervosa in particular. (mentalhealth.org.nz)
- Background and Aims: Attitudes and beliefs concerning the eating disorder bulimia nervosa (BN) were examined in a community sample of women (n = 158) with BN-type eating disorders. (edu.au)
Individuals3
- Individuals with bulimia are also more likely than most to become dependent on alcohol and drugs, including those that they may use to purge. (neurobx.com)
- Individuals with AN lacking the genomic region of B. uniformis had greater scores for self-denial and bulimia. (metabiom.org)
- In therapy, individuals with bulimia nervosa might focus on reducing compensatory behaviors, learning to identify unhelpful thinking patterns or beliefs, and developing more helpful and accurate perspectives. (zencare.co)
Clinical2
- This study describes the clinical case of a 20-year-old woman diagnosed with bulimia nervosa (BN), borderline personality disorder (BPD), and impaired executive functioning. (1library.co)
- In addition, prevention programs have not yet shown that they can stop the course of a clinical picture of Bulimia Nervosa or Anorexia Nervosa. (bvsalud.org)
Treatments2
- The purpose of this research is to analyze the best treatments for Bulimia Nervosa. (ingramwildlife.com)
- Counseling, such as talk therapy and nutritional therapy are the first treatments for bulimia that does not respond to support groups. (nih.gov)
Left untreated1
- Bulimia can have serious effects on your health if left untreated. (kayawell.com)
Proven1
- There are several types of therapy that are proven to be effective in treating bulimia. (mentalhealth.org.nz)
Digestive1
- The effects of bulimia, which worsen the longer the condition persists, include mental disorders such as depression and anxiety, but also physical damage to the heart, kidneys, digestive system and teeth. (ellernmede.org)
Factor1
- Bulimia is likely due to more than one factor. (nih.gov)
Depression2
- Children with bulimia are also at increased risk for other psychiatric disorders, primarily depression , obsessive compulsive disorder , and substance abuse and dependence . (neurobx.com)
- Medicines that also treat depression, known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often used for bulimia. (nih.gov)
Researchers1
- Every person is different and it is likely that there is no single cause of bulimia, however researchers continue to investigate this. (ellernmede.org)
Charity1
- According to charity, Eating Disorder Hope , "bulimia nervosa is likely brought on by a complex interplay of factors which can include emotional and personality disorders, family stress, possible genetic or biologic susceptibilities, and a culture that is obsessed with body image and thinness. (ellernmede.org)
Large amounts1
- Bulimia Nervosa also called bulimia, is a psychological eating disorder which is characterized by eating large amounts of food with a loss of control over the eating. (indiatimes.com)
Women2
- Women and girls are more susceptible to bulimia than men and boys are. (kayawell.com)
- Many more women than men have bulimia. (nih.gov)
Overweight1
- Children with bulimia, unlike those with anorexia , often maintain healthy weight-they can even be overweight-but the way they go about it is anything but healthy. (neurobx.com)
Evidence3
- There is evidence that societal norms of appearance propagated through the media-the "beauty ideal"-could contribute to the prevalence of bulimia. (neurobx.com)
- much known evidence however of it association with Bulimia nervosa and Anorexia nervosa. (ingramwildlife.com)
- His 2002 research linked an area of chromosome 10p to families with a history of bulimia nervosa, providing strong evidence that genes play a determining role in who is susceptible to developing the eating disorder. (ellernmede.org)
Fewer1
- Though fewer deaths are associated with bulimia than anorexia, because a child with bulimia may maintain a relatively normal weight, the activities she uses to maintain it put stress on the body that can prove fatal. (neurobx.com)
Article1
- The article whose summary is done here represent the research carried out on some persons who have either been diagnosed of Bulimia and or Anorexia nervosa. (ingramwildlife.com)
Medical1
- If you have experienced any signs of bulimia, seek medical attention as soon as possible. (kayawell.com)
Therapy2
Case1
- This research is a case study of an adolescent who suffered from Bulimia Nervosa. (bvsalud.org)
Health2
- Speak to your primary care physician or mental health professional about the signs and thoughts of bulimia. (kayawell.com)
- Support groups may be helpful for mild bulimia without other health problems. (nih.gov)
Find1
- Find group practices in Melville who specialize in bulimia nervosa below. (zencare.co)
Weight and body shape1
- When you have bulimia, your weight and body shape probably concern you. (kayawell.com)
