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The collective designation of three organizations with common membership: the European Economic Community (Common Market), the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). It was known as the European Community until 1994. It is primarily an economic union with the principal objectives of free movement of goods, capital, and labor. Professional services, social, medical and paramedical, are subsumed under labor. The constituent countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. (The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997, p842)
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The geographical area of Asia comprising KAZAKHSTAN; KYRGYZSTAN; TAJIKISTAN; TURKMENISTAN; and UZBEKISTAN. The desert region of Kara Kum (Qara Qum) is largely in Turkmenistan and the desert region of Kyzyl Kum (Kizil Kum or Qizil Qum), is in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p233, 590, 636)
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A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
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Small computers using LSI (large-scale integration) microprocessor chips as the CPU (central processing unit) and semiconductor memories for compact, inexpensive storage of program instructions and data. They are smaller and less expensive than minicomputers and are usually built into a dedicated system where they are optimized for a particular application. "Microprocessor" may refer to just the CPU or the entire microcomputer.
Human echinococcosis in Bulgaria: a comparative epidemiological analysis. (1/159)
The present article describes the importance of human echinococcosis as a public health problem in Bulgaria, outlines the control measures carried out and evaluates comparatively the situation over three periods spanning 46 years (1950-1995). During the first period (1950-62), a total of 6469 new surgically confirmed cases of hydatid disease were recorded in Bulgaria, with an annual incidence of 6.5 per 100,000 population, and the infestation rate in domestic animals and dogs was high. Echinococcosis was endemic throughout the country. The organization of a control campaign, initiated in 1960, led to a considerable improvement in the situation during the second period (1971-82). Morbidity among humans gradually decreased, with an average incidence of 2.0 per 100,000, and the proportion of infected animals also fell. The distribution of echinococcosis was characterized as sporadic or of low endemicity. During the third period (1983-95), owing to administrative irregularities and economic changes, funds for supporting the campaign were reduced and control structures were dismantled. As a result, the incidence rose to 3.3 per 100,000. Echinococcosis again became endemic, in some regions hyperendemic. The findings provide convincing evidence that cessation of control measures or reduction of campaign activity can lead to intensification in the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus and to a resurgence in echinococcosis to previous levels. (+info)Patterns of smoking in Bulgaria. (2/159)
BACKGROUND: Although the rate of smoking-related deaths in Bulgaria is still relatively low, in international terms, it has been rising rapidly. This is likely to become worse in the future as Bulgaria faces growing pressure from transnational tobacco companies. There is, however, little information on patterns of smoking, which is necessary for development of effective policies to tackle tobacco consumption. OBJECTIVE: To describe the pattern of smoking in Bulgaria and its relationship with sociodemographic factors. DESIGN: Multivariate analysis of data on patterns of tobacco consumption from a multi-stage nationwide survey of 1550 adults. SETTING: Bulgaria, in 1997. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of current cigarette smoking. RESULTS: 38.4% of men and 16.7% of women smoke. Smoking rates are strongly associated with age, with 58% of men and 30% of women aged 30-39 smoking whereas only 5% of men aged 70 years and older and almost no women of this age smoke. Smoking is more common in cities, among those who are widowed or divorced, or who do not own their home. There is no clear association with household income or, for men, with education, although there is a suggestion that smoking may be more common among more highly educated women. CONCLUSIONS: The observed pattern of smoking indicates the need for a robust policy to tackle smoking in Bulgaria, especially among the young in large cities, informed by a better understanding of why smoking rates vary among different groups. (+info)Health hazards in the production and processing of some fibers, resins, and plastics in Bulgaria. (3/159)
Results of the toxicological studies of working conditions, general and professional morbidity, and complex examinations carried out on workers engaged in the production of polyamides, polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyester fibers and poly (vinyl chloride) resin, urea-formaldehyde glue, glass fibre materials and polyurethane resins are given. An extremely high occupational hazard for workers in the production of poly (vinyl chloride) resin and porous materials from polyurethane resins and urea-formaldehyde glue has been established. Cases of vinyl chloride disease, poisoning from formaldehyde, isocyanates, and styrene were noted. Prophylactic measures were taken in Bulgaria to lessen the occupational hazard in the productions as set forth included limitation of the work day to 6 hr, free food, additional bonus and leave, and annual physical examinations of workers. (+info)Q fever in Bulgaria and Slovakia. (4/159)
As a result of dramatic political and economic changes in the beginning of the 1990s, Q-fever epidemiology in Bulgaria has changed. The number of goats almost tripled; contact between goat owners (and their families) and goats, as well as goats and other animals, increased; consumption of raw goat milk and its products increased; and goats replaced cattle and sheep as the main source of human Coxiella burnetii infections. Hundreds of overt, serologically confirmed human cases of acute Q fever have occurred. Chronic forms of Q fever manifesting as endocarditis were also observed. In contrast, in Slovakia, Q fever does not pose a serious public health problem, and the chronic form of infection has not been found either in follow-ups of a Q-fever epidemic connected with goats imported from Bulgaria and other previous Q-fever outbreaks or in a serologic survey. Serologic diagnosis as well as control and prevention of Q fever are discussed. (+info)Patterns of alcohol consumption in Bulgaria. (5/159)
Alcohol is increasingly being recognized as a major cause of the greater burden of disease and premature death in eastern Europe than in the west. This requires a robust policy response but, in most countries in the region, there is little empirical data on patterns of consumption on which to base such a response. Until now, there has been no information on prevalence of drinking among the Bulgarian population. This paper describes a survey that seeks to address this weakness by describing the pattern of drinking in Bulgaria and its relationship with socio-demographic factors. It uses a multivariate analysis of data on patterns of alcohol consumption from a multi-stage nationwide survey of 1550 adults in Bulgaria, in 1997 which found that overall 50.7% of men and 13.6% of women drink at least weekly. In both sexes, drinking is least common among the elderly and those living in villages. It is also less common among those reporting their financial status as poor. Muslims are less likely to drink than are orthodox Christians. Drinking is most common among those living in cities, with higher education and high incomes. Heavy drinking, defined as 80 g/day or more, is rare among women, but is ascribed to 18.2% of men. Heavy drinking was much more common among men living in Sofia and was less common among those whose financial situation was poor. At the levels of drinking reported, it can be expected that alcohol is making a substantial contribution to the burden of disease and premature mortality in Bulgaria. A coordinated, effective policy response is required. Although some of the legal prerequisites are in place, they are poorly enforced and there is no overall strategy to address this issue. (+info)A founder mutation in the GK1 gene is responsible for galactokinase deficiency in Roma (Gypsies). (6/159)
Galactokinase deficiency is an inborn error in the first step of galactose metabolism. Its major clinical manifestation is the development of cataracts in the first weeks of life. It has also been suggested that carriers of the deficiency are predisposed to presenile cataracts developing at age 20-50 years. Newborn screening data suggest that the gene frequency is very low worldwide but is higher among the Roma in Europe. Since the cloning of the galactokinase gene (GK1) in 1995, only two disease-causing mutations, both confined to single families, have been identified. Here we present the results of a study of six affected Romani families from Bulgaria, where index patients with galactokinase deficiency have been detected by the mass screening. Genetic linkage mapping placed the disease locus on 17q, and haplotype analysis revealed a small conserved region of homozygosity. Using radiation hybrid mapping, we have shown that GK1 is located in this region. The founder Romani mutation identified in this study is a single nucleotide substitution in GK1 resulting in the replacement of the conserved proline residue at amino acid position 28 with threonine (P28T). The P28T carrier rate in this endogamous population is approximately 5%, suggesting that the mutation may be an important cause of early childhood blindness in countries with a sizeable Roma minority. (+info)Birthweight and infant mortality in Bulgaria's transition crisis. (7/159)
Between 1988 and 1991, years of political and economic crisis, Bulgaria reported a 25% increase in infant mortality. From 1991 to 1995, the rate then dropped slightly. Analysis of detailed unpublished vital statistics shows that the reported increase could not have been a result of more complete reporting of early neonatal mortality for very low-weight births. Old reporting practices continue unchanged. Rather, these statistics reveal an increase in the proportion of low-weight births, combined with rising death rates, particularly for low-weight births in the postneonatal period, but also for normal-weight babies. (+info)Primary and combined resistance to four antimicrobial agents in Helicobacter pylori in Sofia, Bulgaria. (8/159)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the primary and combined resistance of Helicobacter pylori against four antimicrobial agents by a screening agar method (SAM) and a modified disk diffusion method (MDDM) alone and in combination. Pre-treatment H. pylori isolates from 192 consecutive H. pylori-positive patients at three hospitals in Sofia were investigated. MDDM was performed with disks containing metronidazole (5 microg), clarithromycin (15 microg) or erythromycin (15 microg), ciprofloxacin (5 microg) and tetracycline (30 microg). Resistance was determined by an inhibitory zone of <16 mm for metronidazole and < or =30 mm for other agents tested. The cut-off concentrations used to define resistance by SAM were: metronidazole >8 mg/L, clarithromycin >2 mg/L, tetracycline >4 mg/L and ciprofloxacin >1 mg/L. Primary resistance rates in H. pylori were: metronidazole 28.6%, clarithromycin 9.7%, metronidazole + clarithromycin 2.8%, ciprofloxacin 3.9%, metronidazole + ciprofloxacin 2.3%, tetracycline 1.9% and metronidazole + tetracycline 1.2%. Among metronidazole-resistant isolates, combined resistance to clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was present in 11.4% (5 of 44 strains), 8.3% (3 of 36) and 4.9% (2 of 41), respectively. Two strains exhibited triple resistance to macrolides, metronidazole and either ciprofloxacin or tetracycline. Three tetracycline-resistant strains were detected in 1999; however, resistance rates to other agents were relatively stable during the 6 years. Primary H. pylori resistance to metronidazole is moderate and resistance to clarithromycin and to ciprofloxacin is considerable in comparison with results in most other countries. The alarming appearance of strains harbouring combined resistance or multiresistance provides the motivation for continued surveillance of H. pylori at global, national and regional levels. (+info)
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SofiaBulgarianBalkan PeninsulaBulgariansCountry2002RomaniaOttoman Empire19891990Shale gas permitAvoidance of double taxation201820011999PoorestNortheasternPopulationBulgaria'sNATOTurkeyWorld Trade OrganiCooperationCloseMacedonia1990sPost-communist1997SoutheasternMountainsMainEuropeCountriesGovernment1995Labour marketPageVisitsNeighboursGreeceAmericansHttpsVisitDiplomaticPrecautionsOrganizationRepublicMember
Sofia13
- Internet Society - Bulgaria is a non-governmental organization (NGO) for public benefit, founded on December 4, 1995, in Sofia by a group of Bulgarian Internet professionals. (wikipedia.org)
- Social disparities and regional differences in school-to-work transitions in Bulgaria" is a bi-national research project that includes lead experts from the University of Basel (Switzerland) and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in Sofia (Bulgaria). (google.com)
- Inequalities and Social (Dis)Integration: In Search of Togetherness, Iztok-Zapad Press: Sofia, Bulgaria, pp. 331-345. (google.com)
- Though located in western Bulgaria, the capital, Sofia , is neatly positioned near the geographic centre of the Balkan region, and in nearly every other respect it occupies the central position within Bulgaria. (britannica.com)
- At least half-a-dozen NATO missiles that were meant to hit Serbian air defences have strayed off course into in Bulgaria-one hitting a house in a Sofia suburb. (economist.com)
- SOFIA, November 21, 2013 - There is a strong demand for the World Bank's knowledge in Bulgaria under the arrangement of reimbursable advisory services. (worldbank.org)
- In Bulgaria, green groups, organic farmers and a number of political parties, including some of GERB's rightist allies in parliament, say Sofia must not liberalise its GMO legislation and give in to pressure from biotech and other industries. (reuters.com)
- SOFIA, Bulgaria-Bulgaria's interim cabinet plans to make energy regulation independent from the government in one of its first pieces of legislation to be presented to a new elected parliament, according to a person familiar with the situation. (wsj.com)
- The author of this account served in Sofia, Bulgaria, in that capacity from 1988 to 1991. (unc.edu)
- Based in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, you can watch the team play other countries as the pride of Bulgaria. (stubhub.com)
- SOFIA (Reuters) - An outbreak of a virulent bird flu virus has spread to another farm in northeastern Bulgaria, the national food safety agency said on Wednesday. (reuters.com)
- SOFIA (Reuters) - Bulgaria reported on Saturday an outbreak of African swine fever at a breeding farm for pigs near the Danube city of Ruse in the north east of the Balkan country. (reuters.com)
- SOFIA, Aug 31 (Reuters) - Bulgaria has confirmed its first outbreak of African swine fever, among backyard pigs in the northeastern village of Tutrakantsi, close to the border with Romania, the national food safety authority said on Friday. (reuters.com)
Bulgarian20
- In 2005-2006 ISOC-Bulgaria launched the Bulgarian version of Creative Commons . (wikipedia.org)
- U.S. citizens traveling on regular tourist passports may stay in Bulgaria for a total of 90 days within 6 months without a Bulgarian visa. (state.gov)
- Bulgaria strictly enforces Bulgarian regulations for minors traveling internationally with only one parent or another adult. (state.gov)
- Bulgarian parental consent regulations apply to minor children who have Bulgarian citizenship, as well as dual citizen minor children entering and exiting Bulgaria on U.S. passports. (state.gov)
- The model of the American Republic was frequently discussed by Bulgarian intelligentsia as one model for an independent Bulgaria. (wikipedia.org)
- Their work was opposed by the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and by many leaders of the Bulgarian national-liberation movement, who did not want to see Bulgaria divided by religion, but the schools and newspapers founded by the missionaries contributed to the Bulgarian National Awakening and the American missionaries who returned to the United States often became unofficial diplomats for Bulgaria. (wikipedia.org)
- Rila , Bulgarian Rila Planina , highest mountain range in Bulgaria and in the Balkan Peninsula , and one of the highest ranges in Europe . (britannica.com)
- Stoilova, R. and Dimitrova, E. (2015) 'Емиграцията в перспективатанатърсенетонапърваработа в България', Emigration in the Perspective of the Search for a First Job in Bulgaria (in Bulgarian), Nasselenie, BAS, Issue 4, p. 91-113. (google.com)
- Bulgaria , officially Republic of Bulgaria , Bulgarian Republika Bŭlgariya , country occupying the eastern portion of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe . (britannica.com)
- 23.28944 Erden (Bulgarian: Ерден) is a village (село) in northwestern Bulgaria, located in the Boychinovtsi municipality (община Бойчиновци) of the Montana Province (Област Монтана). (wikipedia.org)
- Batak (Bulgarian: Батак [ˈbɐtak]) is a town in Pazardzhik Province, Southern Bulgaria, not far from the town of Peshtera. (wikipedia.org)
- The first thing one notices when walking into the Bachkovo Monastery - the third largest in Bulgaria - is a plaque in Bulgarian, English and Hebrew. (jpost.com)
- The MOD offered to send a Bulgarian sapper unit to help de-mine the front line, since Bulgaria had sold the mines to Iraq in the first place. (unc.edu)
- The Bulgarian National Soccer Team was founded in 1922 to represent the county of Bulgaria. (stubhub.com)
- The Bulgaria National Soccer team represents Bulgaria in football tournaments including global and European championships, and is administrated by the Bulgarian Football Union (BFU), which is a member of the sport's world governing body. (stubhub.com)
- The first American Consular Agent in Bulgaria was actually a Bulgarian national, Asen Kermekchiev (later Ace Kermek), a businessman, physician, and journalist. (state.gov)
- The Bulgarian-Swiss Research Programme (BSRP) is aimed at research groups in Switzerland and in Bulgaria who wish to conduct a joint research project. (snf.ch)
- Kiril Vatev, Chair of the Association of Meat Processors in Bulgaria, has cited decreased consumption as the biggest challenge before the Bulgarian food industry. (novinite.com)
- Darina Pavlova, former Bulgarian model, actress and widow of shady tycoon Iliya Pavlov, has made a rare appearance in Bulgaria to attend her father's funeral, local media reports. (novinite.com)
- The Bulgarian daily Sega writes that 130 people have been returned from Bulgaria to Turkey on the basis of this agreement. (euractiv.com)
Balkan Peninsula3
- Like other nations of the Balkan Peninsula, Bulgaria claims a mix of Eastern and Western cultures , and the mingling is evident in its cuisine, its architecture, and its religious heritage. (britannica.com)
- Archaeologia Bulgarica is a peer-reviewed archaeological journal covering Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula. (pitt.edu)
- Located on the Balkan Peninsula, Bulgaria extends from the western shore of the Black Sea to Yugoslavia in the west. (traveldocs.com)
Bulgarians1
- The Bulgarians, oblivious to this distrust, began discussing a post-USSR world in which they would shortly see Bulgaria ascend to the EU, and even to NATO, should it still exist. (unc.edu)
Country19
- Before that, in 1999 and in 2001 through its influence, Bulgaria became the first country to legally accept full freedom of access to the Internet by changing its Telecommunications Law, which leaves the domain name system and the IP Address allocation outside of the control of the government. (wikipedia.org)
- Travelers who have been in the country for 90 days and then leave will not be able to re-enter Bulgaria without a visa before the six-month period expires. (state.gov)
- In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century the country was overrun by the Ottoman Turks. (cia.gov)
- Compared to other EU countries, Bulgaria is a very inexpensive country to live abroad in. (escapeartist.com)
- Bulgaria (България) [2] is a country in the Balkans on the western side of the Black Sea. (wikitravel.org)
- Bulgaria regained its independence in 1878 largely due to the intervention of Russia, who clipped the wings of the declining Ottoman Empire in Bulgaria and elsewhere, and installed a minor German prince as a ruler of the newly independent country. (wikitravel.org)
- During the 2008 global financial crisis, Bulgaria was badly affected by the downturn, where the country entered a recession of 5%, and unemployment lingering near the double digits. (wikitravel.org)
- Lobov, who is also co-chair of the Intergovernmental Bulgaria-Russia Commission for Commercial and Scientific-Technical Cooperation, said Bulgaria will profit annually if a gas pipeline through the country is built. (rferl.org)
- They also worry that Albania and Macedonia will soon catch up in the race to join the EU , though, unlike Bulgaria, neither country has an association agreement with it that is supposed to precede eventual membership. (economist.com)
- The World Bank's engagement in agriculture and irrigation is another illustration of the innovative partnership Bulgaria is establishing with the IFIs, as it is the first EU country to draw on the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) for this type of services. (worldbank.org)
- The World Bank Group Country Partnership Strategy for Bulgaria, in place since 2011, has reinforced the move toward a knowledge partnership. (worldbank.org)
- Once a fertile, breadbasket country, Bulgaria for the first time in its modern history is forced to import food this year -- if it can find the money to pay for it. (rferl.org)
- Bulgaria is the poorest country in the European Union and will be dealt a body blow by the virtual collapse of its tourism sector, which accounts for 12 percent of annual economic output. (yahoo.com)
- Bulgaria, a country of 7 million is attracting 8 million tourists, more than its population. (hurriyetdailynews.com)
- Thirteen years after joining the EU as its poorest country, Bulgaria has also remained the bloc's most graft-prone member state, according to Transparency International's corruption perception index. (yahoo.com)
- The American University of Bulgaria in Blagoevgrad draws students from throughout southeast Europe and beyond, and is the only U.S.-accredited university in the country. (state.gov)
- On August 9, Ahmad Naim Mohammed Musa, a citizen of Jordan and permanent resident of Bulgaria, was expelled from the country for allegedly preaching 'radical' Islam. (hrw.org)
- In fact, we welcome over 350 students from Bulgaria every year, one of the highest of any EU country, attracted by student life at a world top 100 university in one of the world's best student cities. (gla.ac.uk)
- This time, however, the persons extradited were not given the opportunity to seek legal assistance, as the authorities handed them over on the basis of the readmission agreement between Bulgaria and Turkey from 1968, which foresees the return of citizens sought by the law enforcement authorities of the neighbouring country. (euractiv.com)
20022
- ISOC Bulgaria was a key player during the WSIS (2002-2005). (wikipedia.org)
- As a result of this progress, in October 2002 the European Commission declared Bulgaria had a "Functioning Market Economy. (traveldocs.com)
Romania5
- Nearly rectangular in outline, Bulgaria is bounded by Romania to the north, with most of the border marked by the lower Danube River . (britannica.com)
- BRUSSELS-Bulgaria and Romania, the European Union's newest members, were kept outside of the bloc's passport-free Schengen travel zone Thursday after the Dutch and Finnish governments blocked plans to let them in. (wsj.com)
- The Thracians lived in what is now Bulgaria and parts of modern Greece, Romania, Macedonia, and Turkey between 4,000 B.C. and the 8th century A.D., when they were assimilated by the invading Slavs. (pravda.ru)
- Most of the 39 research projects with Bulgaria and Romania - part of the Swiss enlargement contribution - have reached half-time. (snf.ch)
- Bulgaria has stepped up measures to prevent the spread of deadly African swine fever after reporting more than 30 cases of the disease in several regions, including border provinces with Romania, in July. (reuters.com)
Ottoman Empire2
- Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878 and all of Bulgaria became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. (cia.gov)
- Bulgaria gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1908 and the current constitution was ratified July 13, 1991. (escapeartist.com)
19892
- Although previously referred to as the 16th Republic of the USSR, Bulgaria experienced a revolution of sorts in November 1989 following the wave of more democratic revolutions in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and even East Germany. (unc.edu)
- They see it as the epitome of all the pathologies that have poisoned public life in Bulgaria since 1989: state capture by oligarchic networks, a profound lack of transparency and accountability, the absence of rule of law, economic injustice, the elites' arrogance. (opendemocracy.net)
19903
- Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. (cia.gov)
- Since Bulgaria joined the World Bank Group in 1990, it has received approximately $4 billion in lending to support reforms in areas such as banking, revenue administration, health, social welfare, environmental protection, general manufacturing, agribusiness, and infrastructure. (worldbank.org)
- On 7 July 1990, one week after the signature countries dissolved the Warsaw Treaty Organization and one month before the launch of Operation Desert Shield, Petre Mladenov resigned as Bulgaria s president. (unc.edu)
Shale gas permit1
- Bulgaria has revoked a shale gas permit granted to US energy giant Chevron. (bbc.co.uk)
Avoidance of double taxation2
- Convention between the Kingdom of Norway and the Republic of Bulgaria for the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on Income. (regjeringen.no)
- The United States and Bulgaria have a treaty on avoidance of double taxation and a bilateral investment treaty. (state.gov)
20181
- On 28-29 May 2018, the international conference Sustainable Cities - New Challenges and Opportunities for Municipalities will bring together municipalities, architects and urban planners from Bulgaria, Europe and Africa. (habitat.org)
20013
- In 2001, through ISOC-Bulgaria's influence, Voice over Internet Protocol ( VoIP ) remained outside of the monopoly of the national telecom, which allowed a great variety of new Internet service providers to start operating in Bulgaria. (wikipedia.org)
- In March 2001, a 13-month-old unvaccinated Roma (i.e., gypsy) girl from Bourgas, Bulgaria, had onset of bilateral leg weakness. (cdc.gov)
- During January--March 2001, two AFP cases were detected in Bulgaria. (cdc.gov)
19991
- It became known worldwide in 1999, when it successfully sued the government of Ivan Kostov against the proposed licensing of the Internet Service Providers in Bulgaria. (wikipedia.org)
Poorest1
- Even though it is among one of the 50 richest countries in the world, Bulgaria remains as the poorest member of the European Union. (wikitravel.org)
Northeastern2
- The centre-right government decided Chevron can still prospect for oil and gas in northeastern Bulgaria but only by using conventional drilling techniques and not hydraulic fracturing, which involves injecting water mixed with sand and chemicals at high pressure into shale formations. (reuters.com)
- Chevron had been given a permit to prospect for shale gas in northeastern Bulgaria. (bbc.co.uk)
Population1
- In the face of climate change, we believe that Bulgaria needs to increase the preparedness of its water sector to moderate the impact of recurrent floods and droughts and, at the same time, meet the needs of both the population and the demands of key economic sectors like agriculture, urban development, energy, and natural ecosystems. (worldbank.org)
Bulgaria's1
- Sunny Beach (Bulgaria) (AFP) - 'We need at least 100 charter flights a day,' says Plamen Kopchev, head of the hotel owners' association in Bulgaria's mammoth Black Sea resort of Sunny Beach, laid waste by the coronavirus pandemic. (yahoo.com)
NATO5
- Today, reforms and democratization have brought Bulgaria into the NATO fold, with EU accession celebrated in 2007. (wikitravel.org)
- Bulgaria became a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 2004 and of the European Union (EU) in 2007. (britannica.com)
- UNLIKE several of its neighbours, Bulgaria has been surprisingly unshy about backing NATO in the war for Kosovo. (economist.com)
- Moreover, the number of those who want Bulgaria to join NATO is down, from 60% before the war to barely half now. (economist.com)
- For Mr Kostov and Bulgaria, a speedy NATO victory in Kosovo is vital. (economist.com)
Turkey5
- While Turkey is experiencing problems with all of it neighbors, for now and God-willing, the springtime continues in the relations between us and our neighbor Bulgaria. (hurriyetdailynews.com)
- In other words, exits from Turkey have increased 14.8 percent and exits from Bulgaria have increased 14.3 percent. (hurriyetdailynews.com)
- Greece and European Turkey lie to the south and southeast of Bulgaria. (traveldocs.com)
- Dmitriy Peskov, Spokesperson for Vladimir Putin, has confirmed changes to the schedule of the visits of the Russian President to Turkey and Bulgaria. (novinite.com)
- Bulgaria has recently returned to Turkey at least six people who allegedly are related to the network of preacher Fetullah Gülen, considered by Ankara a terrorist organisation. (euractiv.com)
World Trade Organi1
- Bulgaria and the United States belong to a number of the same international organizations, including the United Nations, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and World Trade Organization. (state.gov)
Cooperation2
- On the other hand, the IFIs are also deepening their collaboration, joining efforts to provide the best policy advice and expertise to Bulgaria, for example, cooperation in the water sector. (worldbank.org)
- We work closely with the government of Bulgaria in strengthening the rule of law and have strong cooperation in law enforcement. (state.gov)
Close2
- Being located close to the Turkish Straits means the key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia pass through Bulgaria. (wikitravel.org)
- Emerging from centuries of Ottoman rule, Bulgaria gained its independence in the late 19th century, joined the losing side of several conflagrations in the first half of the 20th century, and, despite gravitating toward the Axis powers in World War II , found itself within close orbit of the Soviet Union by mid-century. (britannica.com)
Macedonia1
- The war is just as unpopular in Bulgaria as it is in Macedonia and Greece, which both, however, refuse to let the alliance use their airspace for combat missions. (economist.com)
1990s3
- After a lost decade of transition in the 1990s Bulgaria only made progress towards economic gains and shared prosperity in the 2000s based on growth rates of 6% per year. (ilo.org)
- As communist governments fell in eastern Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Bulgaria was suddenly released from the magnetic field of the Soviet giant and drifted into the uneasy terrain of postcommunism. (britannica.com)
- As Bulgaria emerged from communism in the 1990s, the United States moved to encourage development of multi-party democracy and a market economy. (state.gov)
Post-communist2
- That is particularly galling for Mr Kostov because western businessmen, after years of viewing post-communist Bulgaria as a disaster, were just beginning to take another look. (economist.com)
- Tracy Wilkinson described the election's background in an analysis earlier this week (Sunday): 'By most objective standards, Bulgaria has descended into an economic and political crisis unmatched in post-communist Eastern Europe. (rferl.org)
19971
- though Bulgaria went on to hold its first multi-party election since World War II, essentially socialist policies were pursued until hyperinflation and economic meltdown drove the old guard out of power in 1997. (wikitravel.org)
Southeastern1
- Archaeologists have unearthed a 2,400-year-old golden mask in ancient Thracian tomb in southeastern Bulgaria. (pravda.ru)
Mountains3
- A northwestern section of the Rhodope Mountains , it has an area of 1,015 square miles (2,629 square km) and extends for about 50 miles (80 km) between the Thracian Plain at central Bulgaria and the Struma River . (britannica.com)
- One of the many draws to Bulgaria is the scenic mountains located next to a sunny seaside, a view that you can't get in most countries. (escapeartist.com)
- An Islamist book which denies that Bulgaria liberated the region of the Rhodope Mountains from the Ottoman Turkish Empire in the First Balkan War of 1912-1913 has been found to be in distribution in mosques across Southern Bulgaria. (novinite.com)
Main2
- This is the main conclusion after the two day visit of World Bank Regional Director for Central Europe and the Baltic Countries Ms. Mamta Murthi to Bulgaria. (worldbank.org)
- For Bulgaria, the main macroeconomic indicators for national accounts are the gross domestic product (GDP). (economy.com)
Europe2
- Bulgaria is one of the few exotic nations of Europe, due to the fact that it boasts state-of-the-art beaches, lovely churches, winter sport opportunities, to name a few. (wikitravel.org)
- Although the U. S. Department of State (DOS) looked favorably on the Zhelev appointment, those DOS individuals responsible for monitoring East Europe in general, and Bulgaria in particular, harbored great distrust of Bulgaria s largely Socialist government. (unc.edu)
Countries3
- ISOC Bulgaria has been actively involved in the Global Internet Policy Initiative (GIPI), headed by George Sadowsky , and has contributed to formation of governmental IT-policy in a number of countries, not only in Bulgaria. (wikipedia.org)
- Bulgaria is one of the most overlooked countries in the European Union. (escapeartist.com)
- According to the World Bank, in 2006 Bulgaria attracted the highest levels of foreign direct investment, as a share of GDP, among Eastern European countries. (traveldocs.com)
Government3
- Videnov insisted Bulgaria be represented in the joint venture by the government, rather than by Multigroup, a private business grouping which the Russians preferred. (rferl.org)
- The following item is a Letter of Intent of the government of Bulgaria, which describes the policies that Bulgaria intends to implement in the context of its request for financial support from the IMF. (imf.org)
- Kermekchiev served the United States Government even while working as a field doctor for Bulgaria in the First Balkan War, and was praised for protecting American lives and property while at the front. (state.gov)
19953
- BULGARIA NATIONAL ACTION PLAN (In implementation of the commitments of the Republic of Bulgaria undertaken at the UN Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 1995) The final documents (Declaration and Platform for Action) adopted with consensus at the UN Fourth World Conference on Women (September 1995, Beijing), denote a culmination of the noble efforts of the UN and the multitude of women's nongovernmental organizations dedicated to the cause of women's rights. (un.org)
- The National Action Plan has been designed for implementation of the moral and political commitments undertaken by the Republic of Bulgaria at the UN Fourth World Conference on Women, September 1995, Beijing, China. (un.org)
- ISOC-Bulgaria was founded in 1995. (wikipedia.org)
Labour market1
- Today, many graduates risk not gaining ground in the labour market and facing social exclusion in Bulgaria. (google.com)
Page2
Visits1
- Our regional team participates in a number of education and student recruitment fairs, as well as school visits in Bulgaria. (mdx.ac.uk)
Neighbours1
- Currently Bulgaria and many of its former communist neighbours rely heavily on imported Russian gas. (bbc.co.uk)
Greece3
- Turkish F-16 fighters, which Greece has refused to allow over the Aegean, can fly across Bulgaria to attack targets in Yugoslavia from the east. (economist.com)
- Not much else is Jewish in the Rhodopes - a mountainous range stretching from southern Bulgaria into northern Greece. (jpost.com)
- Russian gas supplies to Greece have been halted due to a pipeline explosion in Bulgaria. (rt.com)
Americans2
- Bulgaria, so mysterious to most Americans, has a vivid identity as a crossroads of the Balkans. (ricksteves.com)
- On any given day, there are approximately 9,000 Americans in Bulgaria. (state.gov)
Https1
- For references , please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/airbase-the-european-air-quality-database/bulgaria/bulgaria or scan the QR code. (europa.eu)
Visit3
- Bulgaria visit Netherlands on Sunday in their next game in the group while Sweden are away to Belarus. (reuters.com)
- Despite this, about 200,000 Turks visit Bulgaria every year and there has been a 65 percent increase in the number of Turks coming to the ski resort area of Pamporovo. (hurriyetdailynews.com)
- If European visitors are suddenly taken ill or have an accident during a visit to Bulgaria, free or reduced-cost necessary treatment is available - in most cases on production of a valid European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). (worldtravelguide.net)
Diplomatic2
Precautions1
- Exercise normal precautions in Bulgaria. (state.gov)
Organization1
- Bulgaria also is an observer to the Organization of American States. (state.gov)
Republic2
- Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. (cia.gov)
- After a series of bloody and brutal Balkan wars, Bulgaria had the further misfortune to be occupied by the losing side in both World Wars, and fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. (wikitravel.org)
Member4
- The document, which is the property of Bulgaria, is being made available on the IMF website by agreement with the member as a service to users of the IMF website. (imf.org)
- His impressions about Bulgaria are as follows in a nutshell: "Even though Bulgaria is a European Union member, because of economic problems and heavy unemployment, it experienced intense migration. (hurriyetdailynews.com)
- This article addresses the efforts of one nation Bulgaria to become accepted as a coalition member. (unc.edu)
- Bulgaria is a member of the European Union. (state.gov)