Buffers. Medical search

A chemical system that functions to control the levels of specific ions in solution. When the level of hydrogen ion in solution is controlled the system is called a pH buffer.

An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A dipolar ionic buffer.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

A highly-sensitive (in the picomolar range, which is 10,000-fold more sensitive than conventional electrophoresis) and efficient technique that allows separation of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and CARBOHYDRATES. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.

A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Chemicals that bind to and remove ions from solutions. Many chelating agents function through the formation of COORDINATION COMPLEXES with METALS.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A process of selective diffusion through a membrane. It is usually used to separate low-molecular-weight solutes which diffuse through the membrane from the colloidal and high-molecular-weight solutes which do not. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Organic esters or salts of sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical.

The balance between acids and bases in the BODY FLUIDS. The pH (HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION) of the arterial BLOOD provides an index for the total body acid-base balance.

The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.

Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

Inorganic or organic salts and esters of boric acid.

A calcium-binding protein that mediates calcium HOMEOSTASIS in KIDNEYS, BRAIN, and other tissues. It is found in well-defined populations of NEURONS and is involved in CALCIUM SIGNALING and NEURONAL PLASTICITY. It is regulated in some tissues by VITAMIN D.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.

Chemical compounds which yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water, whose hydrogen can be replaced by metals or basic radicals, or which react with bases to form salts and water (neutralization). An extension of the term includes substances dissolved in media other than water. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.

Inorganic compounds that contain potassium as an integral part of the molecule.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

Serum albumin from cows, commonly used in in vitro biological studies. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Compounds in which a methyl group is attached to the cyano moiety.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Chemistry dealing with the composition and preparation of agents having PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS or diagnostic use.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

Substances produced from the reaction between acids and bases; compounds consisting of a metal (positive) and nonmetal (negative) radical. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

Homogeneous liquid preparations that contain one or more chemical substances dissolved, i.e., molecularly dispersed, in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents. For reasons of their ingredients, method of preparation, or use, they do not fall into another group of products.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A reagent commonly used in biochemical studies as a protective agent to prevent the oxidation of SH (thiol) groups and for reducing disulphides to dithiols.

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Calcium-binding proteins that are found in DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES, INTESTINES, BRAIN, and other tissues where they bind, buffer and transport cytoplasmic calcium. Calbindins possess a variable number of EF-HAND MOTIFS which contain calcium-binding sites. Some isoforms are regulated by VITAMIN D.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

An electrochemical process in which macromolecules or colloidal particles with a net electric charge migrate in a solution under the influence of an electric current.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

A hybrid separation technique combining both chromatographic and electrophoretic separation principles. While the method was invented to separate neutral species, it can also be applied to charged molecules such as small peptides.

Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.

An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.

A salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magnesium poisoning.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

A calbindin protein found in many mammalian tissues, including the UTERUS, PLACENTA, BONE, PITUITARY GLAND, and KIDNEYS. In intestinal ENTEROCYTES it mediates intracellular calcium transport from apical to basolateral membranes via calcium binding at two EF-HAND MOTIFS. Expression is regulated in some tissues by VITAMIN D.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.

Negatively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the anode or positive pole during electrolysis.

Salts that melt below 100 C. Their low VOLATILIZATION can be an advantage over volatile organic solvents.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Insulin-like growth factors I and II are unable to form and maintain their native disulfides under in vivo redox conditions. (1/2760)

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I does not quantitatively form its three native disulfide bonds in the presence of 10 mM reduced and 1 mM oxidized glutathione in vitro [Hober, S. et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 1749-1756]. In this paper, we show (i) that both IGF-I and IGF-II are unable to form and maintain their native disulfide bonds at redox conditions that are similar to the situation in the secretory vesicles in vivo and (ii) that the presence of protein disulfide isomerase does not overcome this problem. The results indicate that the previously described thermodynamic disulfide exchange folding problem of IGF-I in vitro is also present in vivo. Speculatively, we suggest that the thermodynamic disulfide exchange properties of IGF-I and II are biologically significant for inactivation of the unbound growth factors by disulfide exchange reactions to generate variants destined for rapid clearance. (+info)

Influence of a new antiulcer agent, ammonium 7-oxobicyclo (2, 2, 1) hept-5-ene-3-carbamoyl-2-carboxylate (KF-392) on gastric lesions and gastric mucosal barrier in rats. (2/2760)

Antiulcer effects of KF-392 were studied in several experimental gastric ulcer models in rats. It was found that KF-392 given orally at 1.0 to 5.0 mg/kg had a marked suppression on the developments of Shay ulcer as well as the aspirin-, stress-, and reserpine-induced gastric lesions. The influence of KF-392 on gastric mucosal barrier was also studied. A back diffusion of H+ into the gastric mucosa and a fall of transmucosal potential difference were induced with KF-392 given orally at the above mentioned doses. KF-392 given s.c. at 5.0 mg/kg showed no inhibition of Shay ulcer and no induction of back diffusion of H+ into the gastric mucosa. (+info)

Diffusion barriers limit the effect of mobile calcium buffers on exocytosis of large dense cored vesicles. (3/2760)

Fast exocytosis in melanotropic cells, activated by calcium entry through voltage-gated calcium channels, is very sensitive to mobile calcium buffers (complete block at 800 microM ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)). This indicates that calcium diffuses a substantial distance from the channel to the vesicle. Surprisingly, 1, 2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA), having a similar KD for calcium as EGTA but a approximately 100 times faster binding rate, blocked exocytosis only twice as effectively as EGTA. Using computer simulations, we demonstrate that this result cannot be explained by free diffusion and buffer binding rates. We hypothesized that local saturation of calcium buffers is involved. A diffusion barrier for both calcium and buffer molecules, located 50-300 nm from the membrane and reducing diffusion 1000 to 10,000 times, generated similar calcium concentrations for specific concentrations of EGTA and BAPTA. With such barriers, calcium rise phase kinetics upon short step depolarizations (2-20 ms) were faster for EGTA than for BAPTA, implying that short depolarizations should allow exocytosis with 50 microM EGTA but not with 25 microM BAPTA. This prediction was confirmed experimentally with capacitance measurements. Coupling exocytosis to calcium dynamics in the model, we found that a barrier with a approximately 3000 times reduced diffusion at approximately 130 nm beneath the membrane best explains the experimentally observed effects of EGTA and BAPTA on block and kinetics of release. (+info)

Ferroxidase activity of ferritin: effects of pH, buffer and Fe(II) and Fe(III) concentrations on Fe(II) autoxidation and ferroxidation. (4/2760)

It is widely accepted that iron deposition in the iron storage protein ferritin in vitro involves Fe(II) oxidation, and that ferritin facilitates this oxidation at a ferroxidase site on the protein. However, these views have recently been questioned, with the protein ferroxidase activity instead being attributed to autoxidation from the buffer alone. Ligand exchange between another protein with ferroxidase activity and ferritin has been proposed as an alternative mechanism for iron incorporation into ferritin. In the present work, a pH stat apparatus is used to eliminate the influence of buffers on iron(II) oxidation. Here we show that the recent experiments questioning the ferroxidase activity of ferritin were flawed by inadequate pH control, that buffers actually retard rather than facilitate iron(II) oxidation, and that horse spleen ferritin has ferroxidase activity when measured under proper experimental conditions. Furthermore, high pH (7.0), a high Fe(II) concentration and the presence of Fe(III) all favour Fe(II) autoxidation in the presence or absence of ferritin. (+info)

A novel role for carbonic anhydrase: cytoplasmic pH gradient dissipation in mouse small intestinal enterocytes. (5/2760)

1. The spatial and temporal distribution of intracellular H+ ions in response to activation of a proton-coupled dipeptide transporter localized at the apical pole of mouse small intestinal isolated enterocytes was investigated using intracellular carboxy-SNARF-1 fluorescence in combination with whole-cell microspectrofluorimetry or confocal microscopy. 2. In Hepes-buffered Tyrode solution, application of the dipeptide Phe-Ala (10 mM) to a single enterocyte reduced pHi locally in the apical submembranous space. After a short delay (8 s), a fall of pHi occurred more slowly at the basal pole. 3. In the presence of CO2/HCO3--buffered Tyrode solution, the apical and basal rates of acidification were not significantly different and the time delay was reduced to 1 s or less. 4. Following application of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (100 microM) in the presence of CO2/HCO3- buffer, addition of Phe-Ala once again produced a localized apical acidification that took 5 s to reach the basal pole. Basal acidification was slower than at the apical pole. 5. We conclude that acid influx due to proton-coupled dipeptide transport can lead to intracellular pH gradients and that intracellular carbonic anhydrase activity, by facilitating cytoplasmic H+ mobility, limits their magnitude and duration. (+info)

Nonsaturable entry of neuropeptide Y into brain. (6/2760)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is found and is active both in the periphery and brain, but its crossing of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in either direction has not been measured. We used multiple time-regression analysis to determine that radioactively labeled NPY injected intravenously entered the brain much faster than albumin, with an influx constant of 2.0 x 10(-4) ml. g. -1. min-1. However, this rate of entry was not significantly changed by injection of 10 microgram/mouse of excess NPY, by leptin, or by food deprivation. HPLC showed that most of the NPY entering the brain was intact, and capillary depletion with and without washout showed that the NPY did not remain bound to endothelial cells or associated with vascular elements. Perfusion in a blood-free solution eliminated binding to serum proteins as an explanation for the lack of saturation. Efflux of labeled NPY from the brain occurred at the same rate as albumin, reflecting the normal rate of reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid. Thus NPY can readily enter the brain from blood by diffusion across the BBB. (+info)

A novel strategy for the preparation of liposomes: rapid solvent exchange. (7/2760)

During the preparation of multi-component model membranes, a primary consideration is that compositional homogeneity should prevail throughout the suspension. Some conventional sample preparation methods pass the lipid mixture through an intermediary, solvent-free state. This is an ordered, solid state and may favor the demixing of membrane components. A new preparative method has been developed which is specifically designed to avoid this intermediary state. This novel strategy is called rapid solvent exchange (RSE) and entails the direct transfer of lipid mixtures between organic solvent and aqueous buffer. RSE liposomes require no more than a minute to prepare and manifest considerable entrapment volumes with a high fraction of external surface area. In phospholipid/cholesterol mixtures of high cholesterol content, suspensions prepared by more conventional methods reveal evidence of artifactual demixing, whereas samples prepared by rapid solvent exchange do not. The principles which may lead to artifactual demixing during conventional sample preparation are discussed. (+info)

Effect of buffer conditions on the position of tRNA on the 70 S ribosome as visualized by cryoelectron microscopy. (8/2760)

The effect of buffer conditions on the binding position of tRNA on the Escherichia coli 70 S ribosome have been studied by means of three-dimensional (3D) cryoelectron microscopy. Either deacylated tRNAfMet or fMet-tRNAfMet were bound to the 70 S ribosomes, which were programmed with a 46-nucleotide mRNA having AUG codon in the middle, under two different buffer conditions (conventional buffer: containing Tris and higher Mg2+ concentration [10-15 mM]; and polyamine buffer: containing Hepes, lower Mg2+ concentration [6 mM], and polyamines). Difference maps, obtained by subtracting 3D maps of naked control ribosome in the corresponding buffer from the 3D maps of tRNA.ribosome complexes, reveal the distinct locations of tRNA on the ribosome. The position of deacylated tRNAfMet depends on the buffer condition used, whereas that of fMet-tRNAfMet remains the same in both buffer conditions. The acylated tRNA binds in the classical P site, whereas deacylated tRNA binds mostly in an intermediate P/E position under the conventional buffer condition and mostly in the position corresponding to the classical P site, i. e. in the P/P state, under the polyamine buffer conditions. (+info)

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energy buffers. "household waste 8..11 MJ/kg" Lu, Gui-e; Chang, Wen-ping; Jiang, Jin-yong; Du, Shi-guo (May 2011). "Study on ... "energy buffers". Home.hccnet.nl. Retrieved 2010-05-07. Anne Wignall and Terry Wales. Chemistry 12 Workbook, page 138 Archived ...

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"Biological Buffers". Sigma-Aldrich. "Movento". Crop Science. "US EPA, Pesticide Produce Label, ULTOR, 05/06/2011" (PDF). EPA. ...

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Because of its low toxicity, it is useful as a buffer for biological systems with effective ranges between pH 2.5-3.8 and 7.5- ... "Biological buffers". Sigma-Aldrich. 2010. Retrieved August 9, 2010. Smith, Marshall E.; Smith, Lynwood B. (June 1, 1949). " ... "Piperazine dihydrochloride and glycylglycine as non-toxic buffers in distilled water and sea water" (PDF). The Biological ...

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MOPSO is a zwitterionic organic chemical buffering agent; one of Good's buffers. MOPSO and MOPS (3-morpholinopropanesulfonic ... It has a pKa of 6.9 with ΔpKa/°C of -0.015 and a solubility in water at 0°C of 0.75 M. MOPSO has been used as a buffer ... "Biological Buffers". Sigma-Aldrich. "MOPSO sodium salt" (PDF). Sigma-Aldrich. (Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID, Articles ... electrophoresis on rehydratable polyacrylamide gels Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar Fixing cells in urine in a buffered ...

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"Good's buffers". Protocols Online. 11 Apr 2010. v t e v t e (Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID, Articles without KEGG source ... Cholamine chloride hydrochloride is one of Good's buffers with a pH in the physiological range. Its pKa at 20°C is 7.10, making ... Buffer solutions, Quaternary ammonium compounds, Amines, Chlorides, Acid salts, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs, ...

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... multiple buffers; shell modes; directory editor (dired); mail; rmail; ispell; and much, much more. Variants: "jed" is the name ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JED_(text_editor)

This is notably done for Google Protocol Buffers, and is known as a zigzag encoding for signed integers. One can encode the ... Google Protocol Buffers. Oracle Portable Object Format (POF). System.IO.BinaryWriter.Write7BitEncodedInt(int) method and System ... Protocol Buffers: Encoding: Signed Integers. Free Standards Group (December 2005). "DWARF Debugging Information Format ... Google Protocol Buffers use a similar format to have compact representation of integer values, as does Oracle Portable Object ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_quantity

Buffers and Coupling. Parts and Attachments for Wagons. Special Steels.[clarification needed] Section L - HUDSON/HUNSLET Steam ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hudson_(company)

"City of Monroe, NC > Departments > Water & Sewer > Lakes & Vegetative Buffers". www.monroenc.org. Retrieved July 27, 2022. "FAA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_County,_North_Carolina

Vegetative practices: buffers; channels; green roofs; wetlands; functional art;[further explanation needed] stormwater wetland ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_management_practice_for_water_pollution

Functionally, the EF-hands can be divided into two classes: signaling proteins buffering/transport proteins. The first group is ... Schwaller, B. (13 October 2010). "Cytosolic Ca2+ Buffers". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 2 (11): a004051. doi: ... and Ca2+ buffers such as calreticulin and calbindin D9k. While the majority of the known EF-hand calcium-binding proteins ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EF_hand

Frankie has the number 4002 on her buffer beam. This was her only speaking role in Journey Beyond Sodor. Sam (voiced by Rob ... His original catchphrases are "Cinders and ashes!", "Bust my buffers!", "Botheration!" and "Fizzling fireboxes!" In Thomas & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Thomas_&_Friends_characters

Phosphate buffers the medium. The selective supplement added contains the antibiotics vancomycin, colistin, nystatin and ... It consists of primarily a peptone-corn starch agar-base buffered with phosphates and supplemented with horse plasma, horse ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_agar

Lennon, Patrick (May 11, 2007). "WWE hits the buffers". Daily Star. Parks, Greg (May 11, 2007). "5/11 WWE Smackdown: Parks's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rated-RKO

A bloated buffer has an effect only when this buffer is actually used. In other words, oversized buffers have a damaging effect ... On newer routers, buffers have become large enough to hold several seconds of buffered data. To TCP, a congested link can ... Such sizing of the buffers can lead to failure of the TCP congestion control algorithm. The buffers then take some time to ... Huston, Geoff (December 12, 2019). "Sizing the buffer". APNIC Blog. Retrieved October 16, 2022. "Router/Switch Buffer Size ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufferbloat

"Conservation buffers: design guidelines for buffers, corridors, and greenways". Gen. Tech. Rep. Asheville, NC: USDA, Forest ... 9-12 Blumstein, D. T.; Anthony, L. L.; Harcourt, R.; Ross, G. (2003). "Testing a key assumption of wildlife buffer zones: is ... By studying flight zones, wildlife managers are able to reduce the impact of humans by creating buffer zones between human ... The latter typically adds a certain buffer distance to the given tolerance measure. The flight zone is an important principle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_zone

... (N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-(4-butanesulfonic acid)) is a zwitterionic organic chemical buffering agent; one of ... Good's buffers. HEPBS and HEPES have very similar structures and properties, HEPBS also having an acidity (pKa) in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEPBS

Generally, operators also have a generator to run a shop vac., buffers, and other tools. Car wash lift, where cars are placed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_wash

The train was travelling at around 5 mph (8.0 km/h) at the time of impact when it demolished the buffers and caused other minor ... At 11:57 on 11 January 2007, unit 507019 hit the buffers at West Kirby as it was arriving from Liverpool Central. There were no ... "Driver hurt as train hits buffers". BBC News Online. 11 January 2007. Retrieved 10 August 2010. Murphy, Liam (12 January 2007 ... Knight, Robert (14 January 2007). "Two Injured as Train Hits Buffers". Mersey Trains. Retrieved 10 August 2010. Bramley, Dave ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirral_line

32 bytes instruction prefetch as opposed to 16 bytes in K8 DRAM prefetcher for buffering reads Buffered burst writeback to RAM ... Larger Tagged Lookaside Buffers; support for 1 GB page entries and a new 128-entry 2 MB page TLB 48-bit memory addressing to ... In November 2007 AMD stopped delivery of Barcelona processors after a bug in the translation lookaside buffer (TLB) of stepping ... and branch target buffer Side-Band Stack Optimizer, dedicated to perform increment/decrement of register stack pointer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_10h

Lennon, Patrick (May 11, 2007). "WWE hits the buffers". Daily Star. Elliott, Brian (May 20, 2007). "WWE just passes on Judgment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_(wrestler)

"SOLDIER ON EXPRESS BUFFERS". Lancashire Evening Post. 31 March 1920. "Accidents to pleasure parties". Coventry evening ... the Manchester express was forced to stop at the station when a young man was found to be lying on the buffer of the last ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willesden_Junction_station

Over buffers: 8026 mm; Width: 2032 mm; Height above rail level: 2740 mm; Height of floor above rail level: 570 mm; Tare: 5.50 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rolling_stock_of_the_Darjeeling_Himalayan_Railway

"Home for Old Buffers". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 November 2018. Compton, Nick (15 February 2004). "The Regeneration Game". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Zogolovitch

Leo Widrich (December 20, 2011). "The 19 Awesome Investors in Our $400,000 Seed Round And How We Met Them". Buffer. Retrieved ... Gould is also an active angel investor, and has backed web-based startups including DogVacay, Tout, Buffer, and Fitocracy. ... Gould is an angel investor, with sizable contributions to companies such as Buffer, CapLinked, Tout, iDoneThis, Fitocracy, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Gould_(entrepreneur)

Note: The 4041 can simplify boolean expression implementations by providing buffered A, B, C, D and A, B, C, D to the inputs of ... "Logic Circuit , Register , Buffer , Driver , Gate , Overview , Logic , TI.com". ti.com. Retrieved 2016-04-28. "NXP - Logic - ... One input voltage translation gates: 40109 = Quad Buffer (dual power rails) (logic can step up or down, depending on power rail ... Quad Buffer/Inverter (each input has 2 outputs Q and Q) (outputs can drive one TTL / two 74LS / four CMOS loads) 4050 = Hex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_4000-series_integrated_circuits

Buffers Evolution is a Japan-only game for the WonderSwan by Bandai. "世の中を楽しくする会社｜株式会社コト , 世の中を楽し

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffers_Evolution

Contains detailed descriptions of the Intel IPP Cryptography functions and interfaces for signal, image processing, and computer vision.

https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/documentation/ipp-crypto-reference/top/multi-buffer-cryptography-functions.html

Arena allocator. Arena allocation replaces ordinary (heap-based) allocation with new/delete, and improves performance by aggregating allocations into larger blocks and freeing allocations all at once. Protocol messages are allocated on an arena by using Arena::CreateMessage,T,(Arena*), below, and are automatically freed when the arena is destroyed.. This is a thread-safe implementation: multiple threads may allocate from the arena concurrently. Destruction is not thread-safe and the destructing thread must synchronize with users of the arena first.. An arena provides two allocation interfaces: CreateMessage,T,, which works for arena-enabled proto2 message types as well as other types that satisfy the appropriate protocol (described below), and Create,T,, which works for any arbitrary type T. CreateMessage,T, is better when the type T supports it, because this interface (i) passes the arena pointer to the created object so that its sub-objects and internal allocations can use the arena too, and ...

https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/cpp/google.protobuf.arena?hl=pt

Copyright/Trademark: If you have a valid legal concern (i.e. copyright or trademark) and would like to request the removal of this application, please use our online notification form. ...

https://chrome.google.com/webstore/report/noojglkidnpfjbincgijbaiedldjfbhh?hl=en-GB

Install the Buffering Degenerated Polygon Patch to help keep ArcGIS 10.6.1 (Desktop, Engine, and Server) working smoothly while ... This patch addresses an issue where calling the Buffer method on a polygon, which is created from a degenerate envelope, causes ... that they are required to download and install the Buffering Degenerated Polygon Patch. ...

https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/arcgis-desktop/announcements/buffering-degenerated-polygon-patch/

Swoole\Buffer::recycle. (PECL swoole ,= 1.9.0). Swoole\Buffer::recycle - Release the memory to OS which is not used by the ...

https://www.php.net/manual/ja/swoole-buffer.recycle.php

The number of buffers that is shared by the display and the window. Use a count. of 0 to ensure that the number of buffers ... This method of buffer sharing results in the windows buffers having the same content as the display. For more information, see ... If the display has a framebuffer, then screen_share_display_buffers() is similar to screen_share_window_buffers(). ... screen_share_display_buffers(). QNX SDP. 7.1. Screen Graphics Subsystem Developers Guide. API. Programming. Utilities. Updated ...

https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/7.1/com.qnx.doc.screen/topic/screen_share_display_buffers.html

Iain meets up with an old friend and accidentally ends up in a throuple. Plus, Ashley attends a boxercise class with Thalia and inexplicably invites Robbie.

https://www.itv.com/watch/buffering/2a7997/2a7997a0004

Descriptor Lists and Data Buffers† 17.6.2.2. Host Bus Burst Access 17.6.2.3. Host Data Buffer Alignment 17.6.2.4. Buffer Size ... Transmit FIFO Buffer Underflow 19.5.6.2. Transmit FIFO Watermark 19.5.6.3. Transmit FIFO Buffer Overflow 19.5.6.4. Receive FIFO ... 17.6.2.3.1. Example: Buffer Read 17.6.2.3.2. Example: Buffer Write ... Host Data Buffer Alignment 16.4.2.5.6. Buffer Size Calculations 16.4.2.5.7. Internal DMA Controller Interrupts 16.4.2.5.8. ...

https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/programmable/683222/21-4/translation-lookaside-buffers-stratix-10-fm.html

BUFFER or GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, respectively. The same target also has to be specified when binding or mapping the buffer. ... Mapping a buffer may cause your data to be lost.. *Array pointers are only treated as offsets if a buffer object is bound. ... GL_ARRAY_BUFFER is for vertices: glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VertexVBOID); The parameter SizeInBytes is how big you want your ... Multiple buffers can be mapped simultaneously.. *All vertex attributes do not necessarily need to be in the same buffer object. ...

https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki_opengl/index.php?title=Vertex_Buffer_Object&oldid=1758

3 Buffer contents. The display contains several columns, some of which are optional. These columns are, from left to right: * ...

http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/pcl-cvs/Buffer-contents.html

Editors note: One in a series of stories on the impact of climate change on low-lying parts of Massachusetts. By Gina Curreri and Carol Kozma Daily News Correspondents Threats of rising flood levels…

https://www.metrowestdailynews.com/story/news/local/2014/01/01/buffers-new-home-designs-aimed/41082311007/

buffer. parameter. Otherwise $buffer. will be overwritten.. Returns the number of uncompressed bytes written to $buffer. , zero ... status = $z-,read($buffer, $length) $status = $z-,read($buffer, $length, $offset) $status = read($z, $buffer, $length) $status ... buffer); read($z, $buffer, $length); read($z, $buffer, $length, $offset); tell($z) seek($z, $position, $whence) binmode($z) ... buffer) $status = $z-,read($buffer, $length) $status = $z-,read($buffer, $length, $offset) $line = $z-,getline() $char = $z-, ...

https://perldoc.perl.org/5.28.3/IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2

Note: This same formulation is referred to as Buffered Dilution Water in American Public Health Association. 1970. Recommended ...

https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-r11-butterfields-phosphate-buffered-dilution-water

const_buffer [constructor] Construct an empty buffer. -. Construct a buffer to represent a given memory range. -. Construct a ... Accessing Buffer Contents The contents of a buffer may be accessed using the data(). and size(). member functions: boost::asio ... const_buffer. class provides a safe representation of a buffer that cannot be modified. It does not own the underlying data, ... const_buffer b1 = ...; std::size_t s1 = b1.size(); const unsigned char* p1 = static_cast,const unsigned char*,(b1.data()); The ...

https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_79_0/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/const_buffers_1/value_type.html

Start using split-shell-buffer in your project by running `npm i split-shell-buffer`. There is 1 other project in the npm ... pnpx execute runPreloadedNode test/split-shell-buffer/preview.ts. pnpx execute runPreloadedNode test/split-shell-buffer/preview ... Split Shell Buffer. Splitting shell strings while preserving SGR escape sequences. Motivation. When I was creating catls. , I ...

https://www.npmjs.com/package/split-shell-buffer

Includes protocols and videos for filtration and ultrafiltration techniques, protein enrichment, and desalting and buffer ... Buffer Exchange and Desalting. Puriﬁed proteins often need to be transferred to a suitable buffer for further analysis. Buffer ... Buffer Reference Center. Choose and prepare a biological buffer based on your pH requirements as well as the pKa, a measure of ... Biological Buffers. Our extensive portfolio of high-purity biological buffers in various formulation and packaging formats ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/CH/en/applications/protein-biology/protein-concentration-and-buffer-exchange

... Use. The buffering type defines which table records are loaded into the buffer of the application server when ... The following buffering types exist:. * Full buffering : The system loads all the records of the table into the buffer when one ... Single-record buffering : Only the records of a table that are really accessed are loaded into the buffer. ... Generic buffering : When a record of the table is accessed, all the records having this record in the generic key fields (part ...

https://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw73/helpdata/en/cf/21eaec446011d189700000e8322d00/content.htm?no_cache=true

... set by the Basel Bank for International Settlements asks banks to increase their capital reserves to act as a buffer against ...

https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/eu-lawmakers-agree-on-softer-capital-buffers-for-sme-loans

250 // buffers if we have a child iterator that expects the record buffers to ... 104/// buffer, the data must have the same lifetime as the row buffer itself. ... 185 /// @retval BUFFER_FULL the row was stored, and the buffer is full. ... 163 // Construct the buffer. Note that Init() must be called before the buffer can ...

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/dev/mysql-server/latest/hash__join__buffer_8h_source.html

This paper is concerned with the large time behavior of disturbed planar fronts in the buffered bistable system in ,svg style= ... In this paper, we consider the large time behavior of the Cauchy problem to buffering model in. : with initial value where. ,. ... Recently, Tsai and Sneyd [1, 2] studied the following buffered system: where , , , and are positive constants. We call system ( ... This paper is concerned with the large time behavior of disturbed planar fronts in the buffered bistable system in (. ). We ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/aaa/2013/936296/

... Allen, Jack Jack.Allen at mckesson.com Tue May 31 22:15:52 UTC 2011 *Previous message (by thread): ... Limiting systems buffers Hello: Is there a sysctl parameter that will limit the amount of memory the kernel uses for systems ... buffers used for file systems and direct I/O to a block device? The reason for the questions is I have an Application that uses ... file systems to block device of the USB drive for a bootable image and therefore the system allocates a lot of system buffers, ...

https://listman.redhat.com/archives/redhat-list/2011-May/031613.html

Watch as CBF Field Educator Liz Yocom details how riparian buffers can improve stream health. ... Riparian buffers are an important tool to improve the health of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem. ... Riparian buffers, which are trees, shrubs or other vegetation along a stream or waterway, are an important tool to improve the ... The buffers reduce land erosion and sediment delivery to streams or sedimentation, which can be harmful to stream health. ...

https://www.cbf.org/news-media/multimedia/video/cbf-education-videos/riparian-buffers-and-clean-water-video.html

The 4DB0124K is a DDR4 Data Buffer with a dual 4-bit bidirectional data register with differential strobes is designed for 1.2 ...

https://www.renesas.com/us/en/products/memory-logic/memory-interface-products/ddr4-solutions/4db0124k-ddr4-data-buffer

What are stream buffers?. Stream buffers, also known as forest buffers or riparian buffers, are the trees, shrubs and other ... What are forest buffers?. Forest buffers are the trees, shrubs and other plants that grow next to streams and rivers. ... How do forest buffers benefit the Chesapeake Bay?. Forest buffers are critical to the health of the Chesapeake Bay. Forest ... How do forest buffers protect water quality?. Forest buffers prevent polluted runoff from entering rivers and streams. Forest ...

https://www.chesapeakebay.net/issues/whats-at-risk/stream-buffers

Under a nine-point agreement signed in the Belarusian capital of Minsk, both sides will create a buffer zone along the line the ... Ukraine Signs Deal With Rebels to Create Buffer Zone. .css-mosdo-Dek-Dek{margin:0px;color:var(--secondary-text-color);font-size ... http://online.wsj.com/articles/ukraine-signs-deal-with-rebels-to-create-buffer-zone-1411207014 ...

https://www.wsj.com/articles/ukraine-signs-deal-with-rebels-to-create-buffer-zone-1411207014

Buffer proponents also pointed out that the last collared wolf in the parks storied East Fork or Toklat pack was killed by a ... Alaska game board shoots down bid for Denali wolf buffer. By Zaz Hollander. Updated: February 25, 2017 Published: February 25, ... A Park Service study last year indicated the chances of seeing a wolf in the park were higher when a buffer was in place, ... A Park Service study last year linked the presence of a buffer to more wolf sightings for Denali visitors, though dens near the ...

https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/2017/02/24/alaska-game-board-shoots-down-bid-for-wolf-buffer-next-to-denali-national-park/

Home , General Development , Preventing Buffer Overflow In Visual C++ Applications. Preventing Buffer Overflow In Visual C++ ... "The Cyberguard paper titled "Buffer Overrun Attacks" describes buffer overruns in greater detail." ... Buffer overflows are currently the most common cause of security flaws in applications. Discover the techniques that ... "The purpose of this article is to help you understand buffer overflows more clearly and to give you simple techniques you can ...

https://www.osnews.com/story/6433/preventing-buffer-overflow-in-visual-c-applications/

Re: Exposing buffer text modifications to Lisp, Ihor Radchenko, 2022/06/21. *Re: Exposing buffer text modifications to Lisp, ... Re: Exposing buffer text modifications to Lisp, Eli Zaretskii, 2022/06/22. *Re: Exposing buffer text modifications to Lisp, ... Re: Exposing buffer text modifications to Lisp, Eli Zaretskii, 2022/06/25. *Re: Exposing buffer text modifications to Lisp, ... Re: Exposing buffer text modifications to Lisp, Alan Mackenzie, 2022/06/20. *Re: Exposing buffer text modifications to Lisp, ...

https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2022-06/msg01164.html

But if it's not the right fit for you, check out these top Buffer alternatives. ... Buffer is the most popular social media management platform in the market. ... Buffer has a lot of great things going for it. But if youre looking for alternatives to the Buffer app, consider these points. ... Buffer might seem like the obvious winner when it comes to Hootsuite vs. Buffer pricing. However, it all comes down to your ...

https://www.fool.com/the-ascent/small-business/social-media/articles/buffer-alternatives/

The Forestry Workgroup will be working with the Management Board to organize a one-day workshop in spring 2022 to refine state-level forest buffer action strategies and develop recommendations for Partnership roles in advancing buffer goals. (chesapeakeprogress.com)

Bayer Buffered Aspirin, Durlaza, more. (medscape.com)

Some dosage forms listed on this page may not apply to the brand name Tri-Buffered Aspirin. (drugs.com)
Along with its needed effects, aspirin (the active ingredient contained in Tri-Buffered Aspirin) may cause some unwanted effects. (drugs.com)

It used to be that buffer overflows were just a nagging 40-year-old glitch in the software development process. (zdnet.com)
According to the Computer Emergency Response Team, more than 50 percent of the vulnerabilities found in operating systems are due to buffer overflows, and many are attributable to Microsoft technology. (zdnet.com)
Microsoft's software was developed for desktops, where buffer overflows are a minor problem. (zdnet.com)
The problem has been so epidemic that a frustrated Microsoft president Steve Ballmer recently stormed into a customer meeting and complained about buffer overflows, which the company is attacking through its Secure Windows Initiative. (zdnet.com)
Software is still written by people, and buffer overflows is an issue that affects the [entire] industry," explained Christopher Budd, a Microsoft program manager. (zdnet.com)
Buffer overflows are currently the most common cause of security flaws in applications. (osnews.com)
Remember that for both vector and string, operator[] is unchecked, so just using a vector or string won't necessarily prevent buffer overflows. (osnews.com)
The purpose of this article is to help you understand buffer overflows more clearly and to give you simple techniques you can use to reduce (or hopefully eliminate) this problem in your applications. (osnews.com)
I thought this was about buffer overflows, now you are mixing in format bugs. (osnews.com)
Startup Determina has released a product that they claim protects against 100% of all memory based attacks, including all types of buffer overflows, without any false positives, false negatives or noticeable overhead. (mail-archive.com)
Buffer overflows can affect all types of software. (imperva.com)
Stack-based buffer overflows are more common, and leverage stack memory that only exists during the execution time of a function. (imperva.com)

What are protocol buffers? (google.com)
Protobuf (Protocol Buffers) New to Visual Studio Code? (visualstudio.com)

Restore 900 miles of riparian forest buffers per year and conserve existing buffers until at least 70 percent of riparian areas in the watershed are forested. (chesapeakeprogress.com)
The Chesapeake Bay Program has not met its goal for riparian forest buffers since 2002, often achieving less than 10% of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement goal. (chesapeakeprogress.com)
Stream buffers, also known as forest buffers or riparian buffers, are the trees, shrubs and other plants that grow next to streams and rivers. (chesapeakebay.net)
Riparian buffers, which are trees, shrubs or other vegetation along a stream or waterway, are an important tool to improve the health of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem. (cbf.org)
Watch as CBF Field Educator Liz Yocom details how riparian buffers can improve stream health and identifies several macroinvertebrates that can be found in streams. (cbf.org)
After watching the video, complete the Riparian Buffer Investigation . (cbf.org)
The land and riparian vegetation or plants that live along a waterway form the creek corridor and create a vegetative buffer strip along the stream. (missouribotanicalgarden.org)
Minnesota has actually had a law requiring shoreland (aka riparian) buffers since 1989 but knowledge about the law and enforcement was spotty at best. (renewingthecountryside.org)
In 2015, Governor Mark Dayton called on the legislature to create a law requiring buffer strips along rivers, streams, and ditches, collectively known as riparian areas. (conservationminnesota.org)

In 2020, 169 miles of forest buffers were planted along rivers and streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. (chesapeakeprogress.com)
Of the forest buffers reported in 2020, 87 miles were reported in Pennsylvania, 30 miles were reported in Maryland, 25 miles were reported in West Virginia, 20 miles were reported in Virginia, 7 miles were reported in New York, and less than 1 mile was reported in Delaware. (chesapeakeprogress.com)
To put this in context, as of 2020, states had reported a cumulative total of 36,700 acres of forest buffers. (chesapeakeprogress.com)
Neamtu, Ioana, Multiple Buffer CoCos and Their Impact on Financial Stability (January 29, 2020). (ssrn.com)
Exploit Title: Quick Player 1.3 - '.m3l' Buffer Overflow (Unicode & SEH) # Date: 2020-06-05 # Author: Felipe Winsnes # Software Link: http://download.cnet.com/Quick-Player/3640-2168_4-10871418.html # Version: 1.3 # Tested on: Windows 7 # Proof of Concept: # 1. (exploit-db.com)
Banks in the European Union are unlikely to be able to count asset-backed securities (ABS) issued before 2019 as part of their prudential liquidity buffers beyond April 2020. (risk.net)

But scientists have found that rivers and streams are not protected until at least 70 percent of their edges are buffered. (chesapeakebay.net)

ddI formulation contains buffering agents or antacids. (cdc.gov)

Our CMOS clock buffers are low jitter, non-PLL based fanout buffers offering industry-leading flexibility while delivering best-in-class performance. (skyworksinc.com)
Our portfolio of automotive grade, AEC-Q100 PCI Express Gen1/2/3/4/5 compliant low-power fanout buffers are ideally suited for infotainment, ADAS sensors, and automated driving platforms. (skyworksinc.com)

How to highlight all occurrences of a word in an Emacs buffer? (stackoverflow.com)

CMOS clock buffers are available in industrial and automotive grade2 temperature ranges. (skyworksinc.com)

A vulnerability in the vDaemon process in Cisco IOS XE SD-WAN Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a buffer overflow on an affected device. (cisco.com)
In this presentation we describe a previously unreported buffer overflow vulnerability in popular genomics alignment software package BWA. (slideshare.net)
Cisco has patched a 'critical' buffer overflow vulnerability affecting the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) implementation in Cisco ASA. (tripwire.com)
BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Debian Security Advisory DSA 376-1 [email protected] http://www.debian.org/security/ Matt Zimmerman September 4th, 2003 http://www.debian.org/security/faq - -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Package : exim exim-tls Vulnerability : buffer overflow Problem-Type : remote Debian-specific: no CVE Ids : CAN-2003-0743 A buffer overflow exists in exim, which is the standard mail transport agent in Debian. (debian.org)
When an organization discovers a buffer overflow vulnerability, it must react quickly to patch the affected software and make sure that users of the software can access the patch. (imperva.com)

Continually increase the capacity of forest buffers to provide water quality and habitat benefits throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed. (chesapeakeprogress.com)
While this is an increase from 2019 in which 83 miles of forest buffers were planted, it is 731 miles below the 900-mile-per-year target. (chesapeakeprogress.com)
The Forest Buffers Outcome is off course. (chesapeakeprogress.com)
Since 2010, the miles of forest buffers planted each year has averaged just 25% of the yearly restoration target that will help us reach our clean water goals. (chesapeakeprogress.com)
Many of the Bay states' 2019 Phase III Watershed Implementation Plans (WIPs) established even more ambitious goals for forest buffers. (chesapeakeprogress.com)
Forest buffers are critical to the health of the Chesapeake Bay: they stabilize stream banks, prevent nutrient pollution from entering waterways, provide food and habitat for wildlife, and keep streams cool during hot weather. (chesapeakeprogress.com)
Because of these and other benefits, forest buffers are considered one of the most cost-effective best management practices to benefit the Bay. (chesapeakeprogress.com)
Monitoring and assessing progress toward the outcome will be based on data related to the miles of forest buffers planted each year, as collected through annual progress reports. (chesapeakeprogress.com)

This guide will complement the lecture slides and present code and descriptions to enable exploitation of buffer vulnerabilities. (ua.pt)
OBOE) A tool by R. Banfi, D. Bruschi, and E. Rosti for the automatic detection of buffer overflow vulnerabilities in object code . (foldoc.org)
Aon's Cyber Solutions discovered multiple command injection and buffer overflow vulnerabilities affecting several Sharp NEC Display Solutions UN/UX series displays leading to unauthenticated remote code execution as the root user. (aon.com)
Multiple command injection and buffer overflow vulnerabilities were discovered in the "cgictrl" binary within the administrative web consoles of Sharp NEC Display Solutions UN/UX series displays. (aon.com)
Developers can protect against buffer overflow vulnerabilities via security measures in their code, or by using languages that offer built-in protection. (imperva.com)

Chuck Irvine Sprint -----Original Message----- From: donald.coleman [ mailto:[email protected] Sent: Tuesday, November 21, 2000 1:55 PM To: jde Subject: Java buffers are randomly read-only I don't know if this is a JDE specific problem. (gnu.org)
The court, which was also asked to reexamine a 2000 decision that upheld a different kind of buffer zone in Colorado, could uphold the Massachusetts law, strike it down, or send it back to the federal appellate court system for further review. (bostonglobe.com)
The 2007 buffer zone replaced a 2000 state law that kept protesters from approaching within 6 feet of a person who was within 18 feet of an abortion clinic. (bostonglobe.com)

Security researcher Abhishek Arya (Inferno) of the Google Chrome Security Team used the Address Sanitizer tool to discover a buffer overflow during the parsing of media content. (mozilla.org)
This method of buffer sharing results in the window's buffers having the same content as the display. (qnx.com)
One possible use case would be building a wayland proxy, using vsock for the wayland protocol messages and virtio-buffers for the shared buffers (wayland client window content). (oasis-open.org)

PharmingenStain Buffer (BSA) is useful for the dilution and application of fluorescent reagents as well as for the suspension, washing, and storage of cells destined for flow cytometric analysis (or fluorescence microscopy). (bdbiosciences.com)
Annexin V Binding Buffer has been formulated for flow cytometric labeling of apoptotic cells with Annexin V reagents. (biolegend.com)
Annexin V Binding Buffer is recommended for use with Annexin V reagents. (biolegend.com)
Cells should be resuspended in Annexin V Binding Buffer at a concentration 1x10 6 /ml and then combined with Annexin V reagents at the recommended volumes. (biolegend.com)
Thus, no special buffers are required, and the protocol can be shortened for single-step co-staining with other reagents. (biolegend.com)
This test solution is currently undergoing testing and optimisation of various sample buffer reagents that unmask epitopes concealed by post-translational modifications. (who.int)

To increase the capital buffers that can be explicitly released in the event of sudden shocks, including those unrelated to the credit cycle, such as the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, some authorities have set a positive cycle-neutral countercyclical capital buffer rate. (bis.org)
These include countercyclical capital buffers, which are designed to be released at times of economic adversity, just as a number of countries have done in response to COVID-19 developments. (europa.eu)

These buffers prevent pollution from entering waterways, stabilize stream banks, provide food and habitat to wildlife and keep streams cool during hot weather. (chesapeakebay.net)
Without stream buffers, polluted runoff from farms and developed areas would flow directly into rivers and streams. (chesapeakebay.net)
In summer, the leafy canopies of stream buffers shade rivers and streams. (chesapeakebay.net)
Because stream buffers can improve the health of local rivers and streams, stream buffer restoration is a critical part of cleaning up the Chesapeake Bay. (chesapeakebay.net)
Stream buffers have disappeared along many rivers and streams because of agriculture , development and other human activities. (chesapeakebay.net)
The buffers reduce land erosion and sediment delivery to streams or sedimentation, which can be harmful to stream health. (cbf.org)
In June of 2015 Governor Dayton signed the new statewide Buffer Law to help protect and improve the quality of our streams, rivers and lakes in Minnesota. (renewingthecountryside.org)
The best size for the buffer is highly platform dependent and generally related to the block size of the disk, at least for file streams. (cafeaulait.org)
Vegetative buffers, created by planting native grasses along lakes, river, and streams, are one important conservation practice to help keep our water clean. (conservationminnesota.org)

The peace plan put in place after the August conflict over South Ossetia stipulated that Russian troops were to pull out of buffer zones in Georgia by October 10. (abc.net.au)
A Georgian Interior Ministry spokesman said the pullback from the buffer zones was complete. (abc.net.au)
WASHINGTON - In a case watched closely across the country, justices of the US Supreme Court expressed skepticism Wednesday about a Massachusetts law that creates buffer zones outside abortion clinics to restrict demonstrations, questioning whether it goes too far and infringes on the free speech of activists who approach women seeking abortions. (bostonglobe.com)
The high court's decision could affect those laws and other buffer zones across the nation, amid ongoing concerns about public safety. (bostonglobe.com)
Outside the court Wednesday, supporters of the Massachusetts law said it was based on a history of public safety concerns and is modeled after buffer zones that have already been approved by the courts. (bostonglobe.com)
WASHINGTON - The Supreme Court on Thursday unanimously struck down protest-free buffer zones around abortion clinics in Massachusetts as an unconstitutional infringement on free speech. (westhawaiitoday.com)
It upheld a Colorado law that established a 100-foot buffer zones outside all health care facilities - not just abortion clinics - and prohibited approaching another person within an eight-foot bubble to protest or counsel. (westhawaiitoday.com)
But the state maintained that the buffer zones were the most effective way of dealing with decades of harassment and violence at abortion clinics, including shootings in the 1990s. (westhawaiitoday.com)
Roberts said that the law was viewpoint-neutral, since neither clinic employees nor the activists were permitted to talk to women about abortion within the buffer zones. (westhawaiitoday.com)
Sources said that mistakes by successive CDA managements and governments resulted in the recent cabinet decision, as the cabinet members did not seem to know the actual status of the buffer zones. (dawn.com)
H-13, H-14, H-15 and H-17 are un-acquired sectors owned by private individuals and do not carry any concept of green and buffer zones, they added. (dawn.com)
In response to these threats, HCFS and a broad coalition of supporters introduced bills in the 2017 legislative session that would create no-spray buffer zones around schools, hospitals and other sensitive areas, and require entities applying restricted use pesticides to disclose the pesticides they are spraying and notify communities who could be potentially impacted by pesticide drift. (centerforfoodsafety.org)
In addition to mandating no-spray buffer zones and disclosure, HCFS helps citizens claim their democratic power by connecting people with the skills and opportunities they need to participate in the policy process. (centerforfoodsafety.org)
Grow the Buffer Zones Campaign with a Donation! (centerforfoodsafety.org)

A buffer overflow occurs when someone inputs more data into a field than that field expects. (zdnet.com)
will contain a concatenation of all the uncompressed data from each of the input files/buffers. (perl.org)
104 /// buffer, the data must have the same lifetime as the row buffer itself. (mysql.com)
The 4DB0124K is a DDR4 Data Buffer with a dual 4-bit bidirectional data register with differential strobes is designed for 1.2 VDD operation. (renesas.com)
The contents of the Memory data register page were merged into Memory buffer register on 30 November 2017. (wikipedia.org)
I think that Memory_data_register should be merged into Memory_buffer_register as I found MBR the more common abrreviation and both are trying to explain the same. (wikipedia.org)
To be honest theres lots of reasons why being able to mess with raw WAV data could be beneficial to GLB programmers -- for the same sort of reasons programmers want to be able to create and access screen buffers to mess with the screen. (glbasic.com)
These data point to a mechanism in which lncRNAs act as rheostats within lncRNA-TF gene duplex loci that buffer TF expression, thereby maintaining tissue-specific cellular identity during development and postnatal homeostasis. (nih.gov)
Therefore, uniform buffers can be used to quickly change between different sets of uniform data for different objects that share the same program. (khronos.org)
Also, uniform buffer objects can typically store more data than non-buffered uniforms. (khronos.org)
Thus, if you want to put the data for multiple uniform blocks in a single buffer object, you must make sure that the data for each within that block matches this alignment. (khronos.org)
This module provides a Perl interface that allows writing compressed data to files or buffer as defined in RFC 1950. (perl.org)
Add patches from Ubuntu - Support-Dynamic-triple-double-buffering.patch - backends-native-kms-crtc-Don-t-compare-gamma-values-on-un.patch + Avoid memory errors when comparing gamma values - wayland-data-device-Allow-any-drag-timestamp. (phoronix.com)
The Buffer API allows developers to access and integrate the functionality and data of Buffer with other applications and to create new applications. (programmableweb.com)
The algorithm for re-assembling IKE payloads fragmented with the Cisco fragmentation protocol contains a bounds-checking flaw that allows a heap buffer to be overflowed with attacker-controlled data," Exodus researchers David Barksdale, Jordan Gruskovnjak, and Alex Wheeler explain. (tripwire.com)
classes buffer reads and writes by first storing the data in a buffer (an internal array of bytes). (cafeaulait.org)
vector-buffer: A buffer compatible with Data.Vector. (haskell.org)
A buffer type that can easily be converted to a Data.Vector.Storable vector from the vector package and compatible with hmatrix. (haskell.org)
In the following sections, we describe the API, each of the buffer implementations and how to use them during data collection training. (tensorflow.org)
def __init__(self, data_spec, capacity): '''Initializes the replay buffer. (tensorflow.org)
Args: data_spec: A spec or a list/tuple/nest of specs describing a single item that can be stored in this buffer capacity: number of elements that the replay buffer can hold. (tensorflow.org)
property def data_spec(self): '''Returns the spec for items in the replay buffer. (tensorflow.org)
The elements stored in the buffer must all have a matching data spec. (tensorflow.org)
When the replay buffer is used for data collection, the spec is the agent's collect data spec. (tensorflow.org)
and the remaining dimensions must adhere to the data spec of the item (same as the data specs passed to the replay buffer constructor). (tensorflow.org)
The video buffer system allows for displays to continuously display advertisements during data stream interruption or delay. (freepatentsonline.com)
and a local storage device in electrical communication with the video buffer which stores the extracted data. (freepatentsonline.com)
5. The display system from claim 1 further comprising: a control unit which receives the programming packet from the video data source and distributes the programming packets to at least one video buffer. (freepatentsonline.com)
A good way to crush it is to buffer dynamic image data (feel free to call ob_start, then read-in some GIF image from a file, print it to buffer, then call ob_end and. (php.net)
I did not tested it yet, but it may not work due to checking-first-address-byte already occupied first buffer size and data collapses again. (avrfreaks.net)
The problem is all slave nodes are listeners most of the time, therefore they listen to long data stream (for instance 17, 33 or maybe 69 bytes) in an 8 byte rx_buffer size which is not a divisible/partible number and next bytes will collapse while they're correct. (avrfreaks.net)
Buffers are memory storage regions that temporarily hold data while it is being transferred from one location to another. (imperva.com)
A buffer overflow (or buffer overrun) occurs when the volume of data exceeds the storage capacity of the memory buffer. (imperva.com)
As a result, the program attempting to write the data to the buffer overwrites adjacent memory locations. (imperva.com)
For example, a buffer for log-in credentials may be designed to expect username and password inputs of 8 bytes, so if a transaction involves an input of 10 bytes (that is, 2 bytes more than expected), the program may write the excess data past the buffer boundary. (imperva.com)
C and C++ are two languages that are highly susceptible to buffer overflow attacks, as they don't have built-in safeguards against overwriting or accessing data in their memory. (imperva.com)
However, when I try and get the buffer for the stream, I read only garbage data (all '=' in buffer). (microsoft.com)
The paper explores the implementation and behavior of the data buffers that you can enable for network-published Shared Variables, including the behavior of shared variables with multiple readers and writers on a Windows machine, Real-Time target, or VI. (ni.com)

Buffers will need to be in place on public waters by November 1, 2017 and on public drainage systems by November 1, 2018. (renewingthecountryside.org)
In 2017, enforcement of the new buffer law began. (conservationminnesota.org)

Currently, an estimated 55 percent of the watershed's 288,000 miles of stream banks and shorelines have stream buffers in place. (chesapeakebay.net)
Buffers also stabilize shorelines to prevent erosion and provide important wildlife habitat . (conservationminnesota.org)

Fixation Buffer is useful for intracellular staining procedures, e.g. , in preparation of cells for staining intracellular cytokines or other proteins. (biolegend.com)

Sample preparations of macromolecular solutions such as proteins, enzymes, antibodies, and viruses often yield large volumes of diluted proteins and other biomolecules in buffers that are incompatible with downstream processes or detection. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Reserve first 256 bytes of each 4K DMA buffer page outside of the DMA transfer. (mail-archive.com)
Move the start of the buffer by the specified number of bytes. (boost.org)
Looking at the call stack, sqlite3Malloc() is being called to allocate 0x91 bytes, that gets rounded up to 0x98 bytes before malloc() is called, but then 0x99 bytes are written to that buffer (the 0x99'th byte is the NULL terminator). (sqlite.org)
to buffer, but instead of writing only 5 bytes, it will write 15 bytes. (ua.pt)
Then the program reads bytes from the stream without calling the underlying native method until the buffer is empty. (cafeaulait.org)
argument is the number of bytes in the buffer. (cafeaulait.org)
Therefore rx buffer size was set to 8 bytes in codewizard. (avrfreaks.net)
Odd numbers cause rx_buffer[n] variable (made by codewizard) several times and lock to take further bytes therefore wrong-reading. (avrfreaks.net)

Buffer PE is a wash buffer for use in DNA cleanup procedures. (qiagen.com)
Fixation Buffer is used to fix cells prior to permeabilization using Permeabilization Wash Buffer (Cat. (biolegend.com)
Apply a wash buffer to the same column to wash out contaminants in order to improve purity of the eluted nucleic acid. (cdc.gov)

Buffer overflow in MySQL before 3.23.31 allows attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly gain privileges. (rapid7.com)
Attackers exploit buffer overflow issues by overwriting the memory of an application. (imperva.com)
If attackers know the memory layout of a program, they can intentionally feed input that the buffer cannot store, and overwrite areas that hold executable code, replacing it with their own code. (imperva.com)

Buffer PB is used in DNA cleanup procedures and enables efficient binding of single- or double-stranded PCR products to the spin-column membrane. (qiagen.com)
Buffer component for use with Zymo Research purification products. (zymoresearch.com)

This lecture will present an overview over issues involving Buffers overflow, underflow, or otherwise incorrectly used. (ua.pt)

Buffer PB contains a high concentration of guanidine hydrochloride and isopropanol. (qiagen.com)
HEPES buffer can be included in the formulation at a final concentration of 15 mM to compensate for the loss of buffering capacity incurred by eliminating serum. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Protein concentration and buffer exchange are commonly used in protein and antibody purification, bioprocessing, and proteomic analysis workflows. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Choose and prepare a biological buffer based on your pH requirements as well as the pKa, a measure of acid strength that accounts for pH, concentration, and temperature. (sigmaaldrich.com)
This page shows how to perform sample desalting, buffer exchange and concentration for affinity chromatography of tagged proteins. (sigmaaldrich.com)
pellet with cold Pharmingen Stain Buffer (BSA) to a final concentration of 2 x 10e7 cells/ml. (bdbiosciences.com)
1. Wash cells twice with cold BioLegend cell staining buffer (cat # 420201) and then resuspend cells in Annexin V Binding Buffer (cat # 422201) at a concentration of 1x10 6 cells/ml. (biolegend.com)

Buffer description. (android.com)
Description: Overlapping buffer in route.c with undefined behavior. (netbsd.org)

This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. (mitre.org)
When the buffer is converted to a read-only vector, the last-pushed element occurs at the end. (haskell.org)

54 /// specified by join_buffer_size. (mysql.com)
of the total heap allocated to a node will be used as the indexing buffer size shared across all shards. (elastic.co)
30GB innodb_buffer_pool_size? (mysql.com)
What can I/we expect to see in the way of issues with buffer pools in this size range? (mysql.com)
As well as read caching, one of my objectives at this size is to hold a large portion of the write working set in dirty pages in the buffer pool, to reduce disk write loads. (mysql.com)
A sequence of payloads with carefully chosen parameters causes a buffer of insufficient size to be allocated in the heap which is then overflowed when fragment payloads are copied into the buffer. (tripwire.com)
I am trying to change the buffer size from my DAW(Ableton live), but when I open the ASIO Helix driver, I see no such options. (line6.com)
Is it possible to change buffer size from the default 128 samples? (line6.com)
Feb 26 20:17:53 Saguaro kernel: swap_pager: indefinite wait buffer: bufobj: 0, blkno: 1698063, size: 20480 I also see this - 12.1-stable r358260 and the load it happens with is poudriere, but it'll only happen when building the largest packages. (freebsd.org)
If a size isn't specified, a 512 byte buffer is used. (cafeaulait.org)
def get_next(self, sample_batch_size=None, num_steps=None, time_stacked=True): '''Returns an item or batch of items from the buffer. (tensorflow.org)
def as_dataset(self, sample_batch_size=None, num_steps=None, num_parallel_calls=None): '''Creates and returns a dataset that returns entries from the buffer. (tensorflow.org)
The setbuffer () function is the same, except that the size of the buffer is up to the caller, rather than being determined by the default BUFSIZ . (ubuntu.com)
This 'buffer zone' was later reduced in size by the prime minister in 2008, CDA official said. (dawn.com)

This same formulation is referred to as Buffered Dilution Water in American Public Health Association. (fda.gov)
The formulation is based on the RPMI 1630 series of media utilizing a bicarbonate buffering system and alterations to the amounts of amino acids and vitamins. (sigmaaldrich.com)

As a result of the biennial Strategy Review System (SRS) meeting in May 2021 and recommendations from the Chesapeake Bay Program Outcome Attainability Team, the Management Board has placed renewed emphasis on accelerating progress towards meeting the forest buffer outcome. (chesapeakeprogress.com)
The system loads all the records of the table into the buffer when one record of the table is accessed. (sap.com)
We call system ( 1 ) the full buffering model. (hindawi.com)
About the buffered system ( 3 ), see also [ 3 , 4 ], for more details. (hindawi.com)
My first thought was the USB interface to the drive is slow and the Storix backups is copying several complete file systems to block device of the USB drive for a bootable image and therefore the system allocates a lot of system buffers, waiting for them to be flushed and then starts paging out Shared Memory because it is not happening as fast as more read and writes are done. (redhat.com)
Therefore, if you have problems with system buffers, it means that too many packets are sent to the process level. (cisco.com)
PATCH 1/5] d3d9: Don't upload unused system memory vertex buffers. (winehq.org)
When the buffers were intact, Denali was perhaps the only place along Alaska's road system where wolves could reliably be seen or heard. (adn.com)
A video buffer system and method for use with advertising display systems. (freepatentsonline.com)
The video buffer system also records the number of times an advertisement has been played to ensure accurate billing for the advertisement. (freepatentsonline.com)
7. The display system from claim 5 further comprising: a wireless connection between the control unit and the video buffers. (freepatentsonline.com)
8. The display system from claim 1 further comprising: a local storage device in electrical communication with the video buffer which stores transmitted programming packets for later access by the video buffer. (freepatentsonline.com)
Banks' willingness to use capital buffers is reflected in higher lending, with positive effects on GDP and lower credit losses, while the resilience of the banking system is not compromised. (europa.eu)

recycle - Release the memory to OS which is not used by the memory buffer. (php.net)

BES added that its capital buffer is above the minimum regulatory level for European banks. (foxbusiness.com)
This paper evaluates the ability of some macro variables, namely GDP growth, credit growth, credit to GDP ratio and property prices in guiding the accumulation of a capital buffer above the minimum during the credit expansion episode in Norway. (norges-bank.no)

the one red flag I see in Buffer's future is Twitter adding its own Buffer-like functionality and allowing users to time posts in the future without an additional app/service like Buffer. (dailynews.com)

Puriﬁed proteins often need to be transferred to a suitable buffer for further analysis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
After lysis, apply cell lysate to a column in the presence of a high salt buffer allowing nucleic acid and nucleic acid binding proteins to adsorb to the matrix. (cdc.gov)
Pass a buffer containing a low amount of chaotropic salt through the column to remove these proteins. (cdc.gov)

The Alaska Board of Game has summarily rejected a no-kill zone for wolves on state lands north and east of Denali National Park and Preserve during its first consideration of the contentious wolf buffer since 2010. (adn.com)
A Park Service study last year linked the presence of a buffer to more wolf sightings for Denali visitors, though dens near the park road were a bigger factor. (adn.com)
Last year's Park Service study made a statistically weak but significant connection between the buffer and wolf sightings in Denali, where people travel from around the world for a glimpse of a wolf in the wild. (adn.com)

The Buffer Ruby Library is a wrapper that allows developers to integrate the Buffer API's tweet management and scheduling functions into their Ruby applications. (programmableweb.com)

These buffers protect waterways from runoff pollution by filtering out contaminants like phosphorous, nitrogen, and sediment before they enter the water. (conservationminnesota.org)

A simple script for remote command execution via a stack or buffer overflow? (osnews.com)
Real Media Player versions prior to version 16.0.3.51 are vulnerable to a stack buffer overflow when provided with a specially crafted .rmp file. (cert.org)
This features a revolutionary epitaxial stack, which is free from the conventional thick carbon-doped buffers that are used in high-voltage GaN-on-silicon based HEMTs - and also, for that matter, GaN-on-SiC HEMTs used for RF applications. (compoundsemiconductor.net)
At a functional level, an SEH overwrite is achieved using a stack-based buffer overflow to overwrite an exception registration record, stored on a thread's stack. (imperva.com)

OpenAL has sound buffers, so if windows OpenAL support was added then I suppose that OpenAL buffer support could be added across all platforms. (glbasic.com)

PharmingenStain Buffer (BSA) contains the metabolic inhibitor, sodium azide (NaN3). (bdbiosciences.com)

Protein blocking buffer (pH 7.5) (ab126587) for serum-free blocking of non-specific antibody binding in ICC, ELISA and western blot. (abcam.com)
Dilute to 1X in deionized water or PBS (e.g. 1mL 10X blocking buffer + 9mL water/PBS). (abcam.com)
Diluting in PBS instead of water makes a somewhat more stringent blocking buffer due to the presence of salt in the PBS. (abcam.com)
Blocking Buffer is pH 7.5. (abcam.com)

Under a nine-point agreement signed in the Belarusian capital of Minsk, both sides will create a buffer zone along the line the forces occupied Friday. (wsj.com)
We need the United Nations to send forces here and create a buffer zone to guarantee that there is no more fighting,' he said during a university graduation ceremony in the capital, Phnom Penh. (bbc.com)

Pruning and weeding, for instance, can help stream buffers grow stronger, making them more resilient to invasive species and other threats and better able to capture polluted runoff. (chesapeakebay.net)
This buffer strip is essential to the health of the stream as it absorbs runoff, reduces erosion, filters out pollutants, shades the stream and provides food and habitat for a number of terrestrial and aquatic species. (missouribotanicalgarden.org)

The final law required the installation of buffers of varying widths along public waterways and ditches. (conservationminnesota.org)

Buffers can be grasses, trees or even crops such as alfalfa. (renewingthecountryside.org)

Why are stream buffers important? (chesapeakebay.net)
Stream buffers are critical to clean water: they prevent pollution from entering waterways and stabilize stream banks. (chesapeakebay.net)
Stream buffers are a waterway's last line of defense against pollution that washes off the land. (chesapeakebay.net)
Stream buffers also protect those on land from rising floodwaters by deflecting heavy river flow during large storms. (chesapeakebay.net)
The trees, shrubs and other plants that make up stream buffers form layers of diverse habitats between land and water. (chesapeakebay.net)
Stream buffers also offer safe migration paths for wildlife, creating forest "corridors" that are critical to many species. (chesapeakebay.net)
The leaf litter, seeds and other plant materials that stream buffers drop into the water form the foundation of the freshwater food chain, and fallen branches, logs and woody debris can create habitat for underwater critters. (chesapeakebay.net)
Brook trout , for instance, live in cool, clear water, and depend on the shade that stream buffers provide. (chesapeakebay.net)
How are stream buffers being restored? (chesapeakebay.net)
Restoring stream buffers can be a cost-effective way to reduce pollution. (chesapeakebay.net)
Unlike some other conservation practices, the benefits of stream buffers increase over time as trees and shrubs grow and mature. (chesapeakebay.net)
Newly planted stream buffers must be maintained for trees and shrubs to have the best chance of survival. (chesapeakebay.net)
Some programs provide financial incentives to landowners who plant stream buffers on their properties. (chesapeakebay.net)
The Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) , for instance, pays agricultural landowners to plant and maintain stream buffers on their farms. (chesapeakebay.net)
These tools, along with local and state streamside forest policies, will ensure that stream buffer restoration and conservation remains effective. (chesapeakebay.net)
Example of a stream with a 100 foot buffer on one side and little buffer on the other. (renewingthecountryside.org)
I am basically trying to read the contents of an audio stream into a char * buffer to apply an FFT. (microsoft.com)
when it is line buffered characters are saved up until a newline is output or input is read from any stream attached to a terminal device (typically stdin ). (ubuntu.com)
If a stream refers to a terminal (as stdout normally does), it is line buffered. (ubuntu.com)
The setvbuf () function may be used on any open stream to change its buffer. (ubuntu.com)

Switching between uniform buffer bindings is typically faster than switching dozens of uniforms in a program. (khronos.org)

Buffers, also known as filter strips, are an important tool in the soil and water conservation tool box. (renewingthecountryside.org)
Conservation Minnesota worked with legislators and the Administration to advocate for the passage of a strong buffer law. (conservationminnesota.org)
However, a much larger set of structural and conservation buffers can be drawn down to absorb losses or to maintain lending under adverse conditions. (europa.eu)

Global regulatory standards - or Basel III - set by the Basel Bank for International Settlements asks banks to increase their capital reserves to act as a buffer against loan losses. (foxbusiness.com)
Given the findings in the evaluation report, as well as the longer-term impacts of the pandemic, ongoing geopolitical events and the potential for new risks to emerge, the Committee stresses the importance of the prudent build-up and use of buffers at banks to smooth the impact of internal and external shocks. (bis.org)
The assessment compares the results when banks are willing to use the buffers with the outcomes when they refrain from using the buffers by using the macro-micro model BEAST. (europa.eu)
Our results show that banks' use of capital buffers leads to better economic outcomes, without a negative impact on their resilience. (europa.eu)
Banks dipping into their capital buffers become subject to profit distribution restrictions rather than insolvency procedures, as would be the case with hard capital requirements. (europa.eu)

Buffer might seem like the obvious winner when it comes to Hootsuite vs. Buffer pricing. (fool.com)
For companies that don't want to do this same thing via Tweetdeck or HootSuite, Buffer is a $102 slam dunk. (dailynews.com)

Allocates a buffer that matches the passed AHardwareBuffer_Desc . (android.com)

Narrow down your options for the best social media management software with this list of Buffer competitors and their features and functionalities. (fool.com)
ThermoPol produces superior results in certain primer extension applications, but users can feel confident that NEB Taq DNA Polymerase will work well in competitors' buffers. (neb.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms5

Chemicals and Drugs52

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes26

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science2

Health Care4

Insulin-like growth factors I and II are unable to form and maintain their native disulfides under in vivo redox conditions. (1/2760)

Influence of a new antiulcer agent, ammonium 7-oxobicyclo (2, 2, 1) hept-5-ene-3-carbamoyl-2-carboxylate (KF-392) on gastric lesions and gastric mucosal barrier in rats. (2/2760)

Diffusion barriers limit the effect of mobile calcium buffers on exocytosis of large dense cored vesicles. (3/2760)

Ferroxidase activity of ferritin: effects of pH, buffer and Fe(II) and Fe(III) concentrations on Fe(II) autoxidation and ferroxidation. (4/2760)

A novel role for carbonic anhydrase: cytoplasmic pH gradient dissipation in mouse small intestinal enterocytes. (5/2760)

Nonsaturable entry of neuropeptide Y into brain. (6/2760)

A novel strategy for the preparation of liposomes: rapid solvent exchange. (7/2760)

Effect of buffer conditions on the position of tRNA on the 70 S ribosome as visualized by cryoelectron microscopy. (8/2760)

Buffers

Tromethamine

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

HEPES

Kinetics

Calcium

Osmolar Concentration

Electrophoresis, Capillary

Temperature

Bicarbonates

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Solubility

Drug Stability

Phosphates

Molecular Weight

Egtazic Acid

Edetic Acid

Cattle

Indicators and Reagents

Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Chelating Agents

Magnesium

Chromatography, Gel

Sodium Bicarbonate

Rabbits

Dialysis

Oxidation-Reduction

Solutions

Time Factors

Alkanesulfonates

Acid-Base Equilibrium

Electrochemistry

Perfusion

Spectrophotometry

Borates

Calbindin 1

Fluorescent Dyes

Spectrometry, Fluorescence

Protein Binding

Hot Temperature

Microscopy, Electron

Adenosine Triphosphate

Culture Media

Electrodes

Escherichia coli

Adsorption

Acids

Diffusion

Potassium Compounds

Water

Methods

Serum Albumin, Bovine

Acetonitriles

Cell Membrane

Detergents

Chemistry

Circular Dichroism

Chromatography, Affinity

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical

Chemical Phenomena

Amino Acids

Calibration

Urea

Mathematics

Chromatography, Ion Exchange

Salts

Protein Conformation

Protein Denaturation

Macromolecular Substances

Solvents

Centrifugation, Density Gradient

Sodium

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Models, Biological

Dithiothreitol

Potassium Chloride

Chromatography

Molecular Sequence Data

Thermodynamics

$Gentaur Molecular :Pantomics \ QG ViewRNA HC Screening Wash Buffer Components \ QVP0503$ Gentaur Molecular :Pantomics \ QG ViewRNA HC Screening Wash Buffer Components \ QVP0503