Bryozoa
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Identification of sibling species of the bryozoan Bugula neritina that produce different anticancer bryostatins and harbor distinct strains of the bacterial symbiont "Candidatus Endobugula sertula". (1/81)
Although the cosmopolitan marine bryozoan Bugula neritina is recognized as a single species, natural products from this bryozoan vary among populations. B. neritina is the source of the anticancer drug candidate bryostatin 1, but it also produces other bryostatins, and different populations contain different bryostatins. We defined two chemotypes on the basis of previous studies: chemotype O contains bryostatins with an octa-2,4-dienoate substituent (including bryostatin 1), as well as other bryostatins; chemotype M lacks bryostatins with the octa-2,4-dienoate substituent. B. neritina contains a symbiotic gamma-proteobacterium "Candidatus Endobugula sertula," and it has been proposed that bryostatins may be synthesized by bacterial symbionts. In this study, B. neritina populations along the California coast were sampled for genetic variation and bryostatin content. Colonies that differ in chemotype also differ genetically by 8% in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO I) gene; this difference is sufficient to suggest that the chemotypes represent different species. Each species contains a distinct strain of "E. sertula" that differs at four nucleotide sites in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. These results indicate that the chemotypes have a genetic basis rather than an environmental cause. Gene sequences from an Atlantic sample matched sequences from the California chemotype M colonies, suggesting that this type may be cosmopolitan due to transport on boat hulls. (+info)Water-borne sperm trigger vitellogenic egg growth in two sessile marine invertebrates. (2/81)
A diverse array of sessile marine invertebrates mate by passive dispersal of sperm which fertilize the brooded eggs of neighbours. In two such species, a sea-mat (phylum Bryozoa) and an ascidian (phylum Chordata), vitellogenic egg growth is absent in reproductively isolated specimens, but is triggered by a water-borne factor released by conspecifics. In both of these colonial, hermaphroditic species, the active factor can be removed from water by filtration. The effect involves self-/non-self-recognition: water conditioned by a separate subcolony of the same genetic individual does not prompt oocyte growth. In each species, allosperm move from the surrounding water to the ovary and are then stored in close association with the growing oocytes. We concluded that sperm themselves are the water-borne factor that triggers the major phase of female reproductive investment. This mechanism is, to our knowledge, previously undescribed in animals, but has parallels with the initiation of maternal investment in flowering plants following the receipt of compatible pollen. The species studied may be representative of many other aquatic invertebrates which mate in a similar way. The stimulation of egg growth by allosperm could lead to intersexual conflict during oogenesis. (+info)Overgrowth competition between clades: implications for interpretation of the fossil record and overgrowth indices. (3/81)
Overgrowth interactions (2693 in total) were observed among three major groups (arguably clades) of bryozoans--cheilostomatids (57 species), ctenostomatids (3 species), and cyclostomatids (14 species). The bryozoans studied here occur in shallow water at high-temperate polar latitudes where they encrust hard substrata such as rock piles. The main study site was the intertidal and infralittoral zones of Kodiak Island, Alaska, but observations were also made in similar zones of South Georgia Island and the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. Cheilostomatids dominated the number of species, individuals, and interactions at all depths. Intraclade interactions formed 73.7% of the encounters for cheilostomatids, 1.6% for ctenostomatids, and 5.7% for cyclostomatids. The competitive ranking of the three clades was broadly ctenostomatids > cyclostomatids > cheilostomatids. Significantly, these results contradict all previous quantitative studies of bryozoan overgrowth, in which cheilostomatids are reported to overgrow cyclostomatids at a higher rate. From these studies and the literature, we calculated win indices to vary from 0 to 0.42 for living cyclostomatids, from 0.08 to 0.9 for living cheilostomatids, and from 0.25 to 0.75 for living ctenostomatids. The win indices of cyclostomatid and cheilostomatid clades show significantly more variation in living assemblages than in fossil assemblages. This disparity may be due to differential preservation (polar and subpolar assemblages last less than 4 years). The diversity was very high in terms of both species richness and interaction types (outcomes between competitor pairs). Comparison with the literature suggests the possibility that nearshore diversity of bryozoans may be bimodal (have two peaks) between high arctic and antarctic latitudes. Indices of success in overgrowth competition have been constructed in various ways. For cheilostomatids, the method of calculation had little influence on the ranking of representatives. In contrast, the apparent success of ctenostomatids and cyclostomatids varied hugely with how the index was calculated. This inconsistency is due to the use of very different strategies in overgrowth competition; among the two latter groups, many interactions involve tied outcomes. (+info)Induction of proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss via the bryozoan Fredericella sultana infected with Tetracapsula bryosalmonae. (4/81)
Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) is a serious infection of wild and farmed salmonids, affecting mainly the kidney and spleen but becoming systemic in most susceptible fish hosts. This report deals with the transmission of Tetracapsula bryosalmonae Canning, Curry, Feist, Longshaw & Okamura 1999 from naturally infected bryozoans Fredericella sultana Blumenbach 1779 to naive rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792, thereby confirming the recent conclusion based on partial 18S rDNA sequence data that bryozoans are hosts of the myxozoan parasite T. bryosalmonae (formerly PKX organism) that causes the disease. Parasite transmission using T. bryosalmonae spores was successful by short-term exposure to disrupted bryozoans known to contain T. bryosalmonae spores and T bryosalmonae sacs liberated from the bryozoans, and by long-term cohabitation with infected bryozoan colonies. Infection was confirmed by examination of kidney imprints, detection of the parasite in stained tissue sections, PCR using T. bryosalmonae-specific primers, and comparison of amplified 18S rDNA sequences from the bryozoans and experimentally infected fish. Transmission was not apparent, nor was PKD induced, in fish challenged by intraperitoneal injection of spores isolated from F. sultana. (+info)Evidence for the biosynthesis of bryostatins by the bacterial symbiont "Candidatus Endobugula sertula" of the bryozoan Bugula neritina. (5/81)
The marine bryozoan, Bugula neritina, is the source of the bryostatins, a family of macrocyclic lactones with anticancer activity. Bryostatins have long been suspected to be bacterial products. B. neritina harbors the uncultivated gamma proteobacterial symbiont "Candidatus Endobugula sertula." In this work several lines of evidence are presented that show that the symbiont is the most likely source of bryostatins. Bryostatins are complex polyketides similar to bacterial secondary metabolites synthesized by modular type I polyketide synthases (PKS-I). PKS-I gene fragments were cloned from DNA extracted from the B. neritina-"E. sertula" association, and then primers specific to one of these clones, KSa, were shown to amplify the KSa gene specifically and universally from total B. neritina DNA. In addition, a KSa RNA probe was shown to bind specifically to the symbiotic bacteria located in the pallial sinus of the larvae of B. neritina and not to B. neritina cells or to other bacteria. Finally, B. neritina colonies grown in the laboratory were treated with antibiotics to reduce the numbers of bacterial symbionts. Decreased symbiont levels resulted in the reduction of the KSa signal as well as the bryostatin content. These data provide evidence that the symbiont E. sertula has the genetic potential to make bryostatins and is necessary in full complement for the host bryozoan to produce normal levels of bryostatins. This study demonstrates that it may be possible to clone bryostatin genes from B. neritina directly and use these to produce bryostatins in heterologous host bacteria. (+info)Evidence that infectious stages of Tetracapsula bryosalmonae for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss are present throughout the year. (6/81)
Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) is a hyperplastic condition of the lymphoid tissue of salmonids infected with the spores of Tetracapsula bryosalmonae, a myxozoan parasite formerly designated PKX, which has recently been described as a parasite of several species of bryozoans. The occurrence of PKD is generally associated with seasonal increase in water temperature, with research indicating that transmission of the disease does not occur below 12 to 13 degrees C. This suggested that the infectious stages are absent from about November to March/April. Here we document the transmission of PKD at water temperatures and seasons previously considered to be non permissive for PKD infection. The exposure of naive rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) to PKD-infected water ranging from 8 to 13 degrees C during the Autumn, Winter and early Spring, resulted in the infection of kidney interstitium once the trout were transferred to 16 degrees C. In addition, cohabitation studies were conducted with the bryozoan host Fredericella sultana collected from a river at times of low seasonal temperatures because this bryozoan species overwinters as living colonies. Cohabitation of trout with colonies of F sultana in parasite-free city water at 16 degrees C, also led to renal lymphoid tissue infection with the parasite and even to nephromegaly. Our results provide evidence that the infectious stages of T bryosalmonae for rainbow trout were present in the water throughout the entire year and that the impact of temperature on the development of PKD is primarily a result of the kinetics of Tetracapsula multiplication in bryozoan and fish hosts. (+info)Polarization of competition increases with latitude. (7/81)
Many organisms overlap in their use of resources in space and time. Where and when resources are restricted, species must compete for them. Living space, often a critical resource controlling food and mate availability, is directly contested by organisms in most habitats. The ensuing animal interactions generally result in a winner gaining space and a loser, which may die. Contact matrices from studies of interference competition in encrusting marine Bryozoa (clonal and colonial animals), spanning at least 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres, were analysed and subjected to a modern transitivity index. Only data for Bryozoa were used because (i) use of a single taxon with restricted ecology simplifies the scope for types of encounters, (and therefore) interpretation; and (ii) ecological bias is reduced because bryozoans are abundant at all latitudes. The analysis shows that assemblage competition is more hierarchical towards both poles. Thus, poorer competitors fail more frequently in interactions with increasing latitude. The cause of this trend is the simplification of overall outcomes between competitors, such as fewer ties, reversals in outcome or competitive loops (where low-ranking competitors beat those of higher ranking). The implication of such a trend is that the maintenance of biological diversity at high latitudes may principally be by physical rather than biological (competition) processes. Certainly, ocean surface energy increases with latitude through wind and wave action (and ice scour in polar regions). (+info)Female investment is retarded pending reception of allosperm in a hermaphroditic colonial invertebrate. (8/81)
Young colonies of the bryozoan Celleporella hyalina are capable of acquiring water-borne allosperm and of using it to fertilize ova for a period of 3-6 weeks after reaching female sexual maturity. In these simultaneous hermaphrodites, early allocation to female modules, but not male, is greatly enhanced by the acquisition of allosperm. The degree of enhancement is inversely proportional to coancestry of the recipient and donor colonies, thus promoting outcrossing. This apparently novel mechanism of adjusting operational sex ratio depends on the uptake and storage of sperm by nonreproductive (somatic) modules and subsequent translocation to females. (+info)
Bryozoa facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Bryozoa
The Composition of fatty acids and aldehydes of the marine bryozoans Berenicea meandrina and Dendrobeania flustroides (Bryozoa:...
Bryozoan metabolites: an ecological perspective<...
Global diversity of bryozoans (Bryozoa or Ectoprocta) in freshwater | SpringerLink
Cleavage modification did not alter blastomere fates during bryozoan evolution | BMC Biology | Full Text
MarLIN - The Marine Life Information Network - Flustra foliacea and colonial ascidians on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed...
Mixotrophy: July 2007
An inquiline deep-water bryozoan/amphipod association from New Zealand, including the description of a new genus and species of...
Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae - Wikipedia
The nervous system of Paludicella articulata - first evidence of a neuroepithelium in a ctenostome ectoproct | Frontiers in...
Ultrastructural evidence for nutritional relationships between a marine colonial invertebrate (Bryozoa) and its bacterial...
New data on the lophophore anatomy of Early Cambrian linguloids from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte, Southwest China
Respiration in Polyzoa (Ectoprocta) | Nature
Entoprocta - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lophophore hypothesis | zoology | Britannica.com
Tentaculata (Brachiopoda & Bryozoa)
Fatty Acids of a bryozoan Flustra sp. | Callaghan Innovation
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Details - Spathipora mazatlanica. a new species of burrowing Bryozoa (Ctenostomata) from Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico -...
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Hierodula membranacea Giant Asian Mantis
MarLIN - The Marine Life Information Network - Flustra foliacea and Hydrallmania falcata on tide-swept circalittoral mixed...
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The antibacterial ent-eusynstyelamide B and eusynstyelamides D, E, and F from the arctic bryozoan tegella cf. spitzbergensis<...
Fenestella | fossil bryozoan genus | Britannica
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Phoronis - Wikipedia
A phase I study of intravenous bryostatin 1 in patients with advanced cancer<...
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Tentacle
Bryozoa[edit]. Bryozoa (moss animals) are tiny creatures with tentacles around their mouths. The tentacles are almost ... "Bryozoa (Ectoprocta: 'Moss' Animals)". els.net. eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0001613.pub2. Archived ...
Zooid
ISBN 978-0-12-385024-9. Fish, J. D. (1989). "Bryozoa". A Student's Guide to the Seashore. pp. 356-366. ISBN 978-94-011-5888-6. ... Bryozoa or Pterobranchia). The colonial organism as a whole is called a zoon /ˈzoʊ.ɒn/, plural zoa (from Ancient Greek zôion ...
Phoronid
ISBN 978-0-03-025982-1.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Ruppert, E.E; Fox, R.S.; Barnes, R.D (2004). "Bryozoa". ... but Bryozoa (Ectoprocta) are not closely related to this group, despite using a similar lophophore for feeding and respiration ...
Carol Ruckdeschel
Bryozoa." Bulletin of marine science 51.1 (1992): 1-8. http://wildcumberland.org/ (Website about Cumberland Island preservation ...
Brachiopod
"Bryozoa". Ruppert etc: Invert Zoo & (2004), pp. 817-821, ch. "Lophophorata" sect. "Phoronida". Ruppert etc: Invert Zoo & (2004 ...
Marine biology
Bryozoa; Echinodermata including starfish; and Urochordata including sea squirts or tunicates. Invertebrates have no backbone. ...
Catavi Formation
Bryozoa indet. Cephalopoda indet. Gastropoda indet. Ischnacanthida indet. Ophiuroidea indet. Palaeotaxodonta indet. ...
Callopora lineata
Bryozoa.net. Retrieved 18 December 2020. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Hayward, Peter; Bock, Phil (2020). "Callopora ... Ryland, J.S. (1974). "A revised key for the identification of intertidal Bryozoa" (PDF). Field Studies Council. Retrieved 18 ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Bryozoa: Life History and Ecology". UCMP. Retrieved 18 December 2020. CS1 maint: ... discouraged parameter (link) "Bryozoa: More on Morphology". UCMP. Retrieved 18 December 2020. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter ...
Bugula
"The Bryozoa". International Bryozoology Association. Archived from the original on 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2007-02-17. CS1 maint ... Bugula is a genus of common colonial arborescent bryozoa, often mistaken for seaweed. It commonly grows upright in bushy ... Bryozoa, Buguloidea). Zoologica Scripta Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce Introduced Marine Species of Hawai'i Exotics ... In: Bock, P.; Gordon, D. (2015) World List of Bryozoa. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www. ...
Air fern
Sometimes dried bryozoa are sold as "air ferns." Most commercially sold air ferns are collected as a by-product by trawlers in ... "The Bryozoa". International Bryozoology Association. Archived from the original on 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2007-02-17. CS1 maint ...
Favositella
Phil Bock (May 23, 2005). "Favositella Etheridge & Foord, 1884". bryozoa.net. Retrieved March 24, 2010. CS1 maint: discouraged ...
Flustra foliacea
Such epibionts include other bryozoa such as Crista eburnea, hydroids, sessile polychaete worms and the porcelain crab Pisidia ... John Fish & Susan Fish (2011). "Bryozoa (Ectoprocta)". A Student's Guide to the Seashore (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Sally Rouse (June 9, 2011). "Flustra foliacea (Linnaeus, 1758)". Bryozoa of the British ...
Clausotrypa
List of prehistoric bryozoan genera The Permian Bryozoa of Timor. RS Bassler, 1929 X. L. Liu. 1980. Bryozoa. Paleontological ... at the Encyclopedia of Life Clausotrypa at fossilworks.org Clausotrypa at bryozoa.net v t e. ...
Cryptostomata
"Bryozoa: Systematics". Introduction to the Bryozoa. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 8 February 2016. CS1 maint: ...
International Bryozoology Association
Living and Fossil Bryozoa. Recent Advances in Research. Academic Press, London and New York. Pouyet, S., 1975. Bryozoa 1974. ... Bryozoa: Ordovician to Recent. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg. Ross, J.R.P. 1987. Bryozoa: Present and Past. Western Washington ... Proceedings of the First International Conference on Bryozoa. Atti della Societa di Scienze Naturalia del Museo Civico di ... Recent and Fossil Bryozoa. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg. Nielsen, C., & Larwood, G.P., 1985. ...
Fenestella (bryozoan)
Moore, Raymond C. (1953). Volume G: Bryozoa. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Boulder, Colorado and Lawrence, Kansas: ... Geometric Constraints on Lophophore Shape and Arrangement in Extinct Bryozoa". Paleobiology. 26 (1): 116-136. doi:10.1666/0094- ...
Fenestellidae
"Part G, Bryozoa". Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 5 December ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) The Paleobiology Database Bryozoa v t e. ...
Adeona
"Bryozoa - moss animals, sea mats, polyzoa, corallines, and ectoprocts". www.bumblebee.org. Retrieved 2019-06-02. "Adeona ... cellulosa". www.bryozoa.net. Retrieved 2019-06-02. v t e. ...
Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
"Part G, Bryozoa". Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Paleontological Institute. "Part G, Bryozoa (Revised), vol. 1". ... Examples of this stage of the project are Part G. Bryozoa, by Ray S. Bassler (the first volume, published in 1953), and Part P ... Bryozoa --- additional volumes in preparation). Part H. Brachiopoda, vol. 1 & 2, xxxii + 927 p., 746 fig., 1965. ISBN 0-8137- ... Bryozoa, Volume 1: Introduction, Order Cystoporata & Order Cryptostomata, xxvi + 625 p., 295 fig., 1983. ISBN 0-8137-3107-0. ( ...
Ceramopora
"Ceramopora". www.bryozoa.net. Retrieved 27 June 2019. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) v t e v t e. ...
Paludicella
World list of Bryozoa. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 30 August 2016. "Paludicella". Integrated Taxonomic ...
Licornia prolata
"Bryozoa of New Caledonia." Compendium of marine species of New Caledonia. Documents scientifiques et techniques (2006): 157-168 ... "Scrupocellaria (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from the Queensland coast, with the description of three new species." Zootaxa 3528 ( ... "Evidence for polyphyly of the genus Scrupocellaria (Bryozoa: Candidae) based on a phylogenetic analysis of morphological ... "Evidence for polyphyly of the genus Scrupocellaria (Bryozoa: Candidae) based on a phylogenetic analysis of morphological ...
Candidae
"Bryozoa of New Caledonia." Compendium of marine species of New Caledonia. Documents scientifiques et techniques (2006): 157-168 ... "Evidence for polyphyly of the genus Scrupocellaria (Bryozoa: Candidae) based on a phylogenetic analysis of morphological ... "Evidence for polyphyly of the genus Scrupocellaria (Bryozoa: Candidae) based on a phylogenetic analysis of morphological ...
Victorella
World list of Bryozoa. World Register of Marine Species. v t e. ...
Stenolaemata
2009). Cyclostomata (Bryozoa, Stenolaemata) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2057 32-52. Barnes, R. D. (1982). ... In: Bock, P.; Gordon, D. (2015). World List of Bryozoa. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species. Stenolaemata. ... ISBN 0-03-056747-5. Borg (1926). Bock P (ed.). "Stenolaemata". World list of Bryozoa. World Register of Marine Species. ...
Cribella
2020). "Cribella Jullien, 1903". World list of Bryozoa. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 17 September 2020. v t e. ...
Schizoporella unicornis
World list of Bryozoa. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved May 24, 2012. Image v t e. ...
Articulina
In: Bock, P. and Gordon, D. (2015). World List of Bryozoa. Accessed through World Register of Marine Species. v t e. ...
Stomatoporina
World list of Bryozoa. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 26 June 2017. Gordon, D. & Taylor, P. (1999). "Latest ...
Eveline Du Bois-Reymond Marcus
Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, Eveline (1953). "Bryozoa from lake Titicaca". Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da ...
Bryozoa - Wiktionary
Bryozoa at the Tree of Life Web Project. *Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly N, Bourgoin T, Brusca RC, et al. (2015) A ... Bryozoa *A taxonomic phylum within the superphylum Lophotrochozoa - the bryozoans or moss animals, small aquatic invertebrate ... Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&oldid=49308678" ...
Category:Bryozoa - Wikimedia Commons
Bryozoa, Ectoprocta (sv); Bryozoa, Briozoaris (oc); Bryozoa (gsw); 외항동물 (ko); Bryozoa (frr); Bryozoa (eo); Mechovec, Bryozoa, ... Bryozoa (li); Briozoo, Bryozoa, Ectoprocta, Ectoprocto (gl); Briozoário, Bryozoa (pt); Bryozoa (sk); Bryozoa (lv); Bryozoa, ... Bryozoa (ceb); Bryozoa, Ectoprocta (pl); Bryozoer, Ectoprocta, Bryozoa (nb); Bryozoa (sh); ไฟลั่มไบรโอซัว (th); Bryozoa (lt); ... Bryozoa (en); حيوانات حزازية (ar); mohaállatok (hu); Bryozoa (eu); Bryozoa (ast); بریوزویلار (azb); Moostierchen (de); Bryozoa ...
Bryozoa - Wikipedia
Index to Bryozoa Bryozoa Home Page, was at RMIT; now bryozoa.net Other Bryozoan WWW Resources International Bryozoology ... Ramel, G. "The Phylum Bryozoa (Bryozoa)". Earthlife. Missing or empty ,url= (help) Margulis, L.; Schwartz K.V. (1998). "Bryozoa ... Bryozoa) Phylum Bryozoa at Wikispecies Bryozoans in the Connecticut River Bryozoa Fact Sheet. ... Works since 2000 have used various names to resolve the ambiguity, including: "Bryozoa", "Ectoprocta", "Bryozoa (Ectoprocta)", ...
Ascus (bryozoa) - Wikipedia
Bryozoa facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Bryozoa
Make research projects and school reports about Bryozoa easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia and ... Bryozoa (Ectoprocta; moss-animals) A phylum of small, aquatic, colonial animals, related to the Brachiopoda, many of which ... Bryozoa (brī´əzō´ə), name of a phylum, in older systems of classification, that included the invertebrate animals now ... Bryozoa (moss-animals) Phylum of small, aquatic, colonial animals, related to the Brachiopoda; many colonies possess a well- ...
Bryozoa - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Index to Bryozoa Bryozoa Home Page, was at RMIT; now bryozoa.net ... All bryozoa have a lophophore. This is a ring of ten tentacles ... Another way to describe the bryozoa which develop heterozooids is to say they are polymorphic. This term is used in biology to ... Gordon Ramel The Phylum Ectoprocta (Bryozoa) (recommended). *Bryozoans Archived 2014-10-15 at the Wayback Machine in the ... The polymorphism is usually controlled by genetic switching mechanisms, but in bryozoa there is little knowledge of their ...
Global diversity of bryozoans (Bryozoa or Ectoprocta) in freshwater | SpringerLink
Specific structures of sessoblasts (Bryozoa, Phylactolaemata). In Pouyet, S. (ed.), Bryozoa 1974. Documents des Laboratoires de ... Bryozoa Ectoprocta Phylactolaemata Gymnolaemata Phylogeny Zoogeography Guest editors: E. V. Balian, C. Lévêque, H. Segers & K. ... Bryozoa. In Brohmer, P. et al. (eds), Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas, 1(8): 1-56, pl. 1-19.Google Scholar ... Studies on freshwater Bryozoa. X. The occurrence of Plumatella casmiana in North America. Transactions of the American ...
Bryozoa sea moss, light micrograph - Stock Image C012/2539 - Science Photo Library
Light micrograph of a transverse section through a sea moss (phylum Bryozoa). This colonial marine invertebrate forms ... Caption: Bryozoa sea moss. Light micrograph of a transverse section through a sea moss (phylum Bryozoa). This colonial marine ... Keywords: animal, biological, biology, bryozoa, cell, cells, cellular, close-up, colonial, compartment, compartmented, ...
Bryozoa - Taxa for 1967
Bryozoa - Taxa for 1998
Tentaculata (Brachiopoda & Bryozoa)
Bryozoa - Indiana9 Fossils
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Results of the Puritan-American Museum of Natural History Expedition to Western Mexico. 13, Ascophoran Cheilostomata (Bryozoa)...
13, Ascophoran Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) of the Gulf of California. American Museum novitates ; no. 2053. Soule, John D.; Puritan ... 13, Ascophoran Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) of the Gulf of California. American Museum novitates ; no. 2053. Login ... "In the Puritan collection of 75 species of ascophoran Bryozoa, four are described as new species. Twenty-six species are ...
The Composition of fatty acids and aldehydes of the marine bryozoans Berenicea meandrina and Dendrobeania flustroides (Bryozoa:...
Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata), Russian Journal of Marine Biology" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly ... The Composition of fatty acids and aldehydes of the marine bryozoans Berenicea meandrina and Dendrobeania flustroides (Bryozoa ... The Composition of fatty acids and aldehydes of the marine bryozoans Berenicea meandrina and Dendrobeania flustroides (Bryozoa ... Heptadecanoic Fatty Aldehyde-One of the Main Aldehydes of the Far Eastern Bryozoa ...
Ecology of cryptic invasions: latitudinal segregation among
Watersipora (Bryozoa) species - Semantic Scholar
Distribution and Dynamics of a Defensive Symbiosis in the Bugula neritina ( Bryozoa ) Sibling Species Complex. Jonathan P. ... Bryozoa, Cheilostomata). Áki Jarl Láruson, Sean F. Craig, Kirk J. Messer, Joshua A. Mackie ... Taxonomic revision of some leprailiomorph cheilostome bryozoans (Bryozoa: Lepraliomorpha) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil ... Ecology of cryptic invasions: latitudinal segregation among Watersipora (Bryozoa) species. @inproceedings{Mackie2012EcologyOC, ...
ADW: Bryozoa: CLASSIFICATION
Disclaimer: The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. ADW doesnt cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control. ...
Bryozoa
"Bryozoa",[9][12] "Ectoprocta",[15][19] "Bryozoa (Ectoprocta)",[21] and "Ectoprocta (Bryozoa)".[43] Some have used more than one ... Index to Bryozoa Bryozoa Home Page, was at RMIT; now bryozoa.net ... Bryozoa Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or ... The text begins "Phylum Ectoprocta (Bryozoa) ...". * Trumble, W; Brown, L (2002). "Bryozoa". Shorter Oxford English Dictionary ... Ramel, G. "The Phylum Bryozoa (Bryozoa)". Earthlife.. Missing or empty ,url=. (help) ...
Bryozoa
... : an introductory overview. Pages 9-20 in: Moostiere (Bryozoa). E. R. W ss, ed., vol. 16. ... Bryozoa Moss Animals, Sea Mats, Ectoprocts. Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window ... Bryozoa. Moss Animals, Sea Mats, Ectoprocts. Version 01 January 2002 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Bryozoa/2490/2002.01.01 in ... Reflections on the morphology, anatomy, evolution, and classification of the Class Stenolaemata (Bryozoa). Smithsonian ...
Tentacle - Wikipedia
Microworlds: Mysterious Bryozoa
Bryozoa are among the least studied invertebrates. According to phylogeny analysis they are not relatives of cnidaria or, in ... This freshwater species of bryozoa consists of cells too, at least at first glance. What makes it stand out is the fact that ... The majority of people who encounter a bryozoa colony most likely wouldnt recognize what it is. A hairy warm? A weird hydrozoa ... But leaving phylogenetic and taxonomic speculations aside, bryozoa are colonial filter-feeding animals that are really abundant ...
Respiration in Polyzoa (Ectoprocta) | Nature
Branching Bryozoa and Red Algae
Otago Micro and Nanoscale Imaging (OMNI), Otago Micro and Nanoscale Imaging, University of Otago, New Zealand
On Fossil Chilostomatous Bryozoa from Mount Gambier, South Australia
Waters, On Fossil Chilostomatous Bryozoa from Mount Gambier, South Australia (1882) HTML code:. Arthur Wm. Waters, ,em,,a href ... The publication On Fossil Chilostomatous Bryozoa from Mount Gambier, South Australia is placed in the Top 100 in 1882. ... cite web , title=On Fossil Chilostomatous Bryozoa from Mount Gambier, South Australia , year=1882 , url=https://citeweb.info/ ... https://citeweb.info/18820000023,On Fossil Chilostomatous Bryozoa from Mount Gambier, South Australia,/a,,/em, (1882) ...
Bryozoans: The Fascinating Colonies Of Phylum Ectoprocta - Earth Life
Phylum Bryozoa (Ectoprocta). Bryozoa Etymology: From the Greek Bryon for moss, and Zoon for animal. ... The original Phylum Bryozoa was split into two when scientists convinced themselves that a small group of about 150 animals, ... Moss animal, Cristatella mucedo of phylum Bryozoa. The eggs of those species which do not brood their eggs, are much smaller ( ... Home > Invertebrates > Invertebrate Phyla > Bryozoa. Bryozoans: The Fascinating Colonies Of Phylum Ectoprocta. ...
A genome-skimmed phylogeny of a widespread bryozoa... - BV FAPESP
Tentacle - Wikipedia
The "Lophophorates" Phylum Bryozoa Phylum Phoronida Phylum Brachiopoda - ppt video online download
were never even grouped as "lophophorates" Platyhelminthes Rotifera Platyzoa Polyzoa Bryozoa Cycliophora Entoprocta - based on ... The "Lophophorates" Phylum Bryozoa Phylum Phoronida Phylum Brachiopoda. Published byRosamond Marshall Modified over 3 years ago ... 1 The "Lophophorates" Phylum Bryozoa Phylum Phoronida Phylum Brachiopoda. Once upon a time, there were 3 phyla that had an ... 13 Phylum Bryozoa - Prosome reduced/absent; mesosome fills lophophore +. 5,000 spp. - Prosome reduced/absent; mesosome fills ...
Annelid - Wikipedia
First evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of Bryozoa | Meta
PhylumCheilostomataWorld List of BryozoaBugulaCheilostomatidaInvertebratesTaxonomicMossPolyzoaSpeciesTaxonomyFossil BryozoaWikimedia CommonsPrehistoric BryozoaCheilostomatous BryozoaIndex et BibliographiaFreshwaterColonyAscophoranPhylogenyCheilostomePhylactolaemataHaywardInvertebrateIntroductory overviewZoogeographyRevision
Phylum8
- Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies. (wikipedia.org)
- Light micrograph of a transverse section through a sea moss (phylum Bryozoa). (sciencephoto.com)
- The phylum was originally called "Polyzoa", but this term was superseded by "Bryozoa" in 1831. (orange.com)
- The original Phylum Bryozoa was split into two when scientists convinced themselves that a small group of about 150 animals, that were then considered as part of the phylum Bryozoa, deserved to be in a separate phylum of their own. (earthlife.net)
- Our ultrastructural study showed for the first time a variety of virus-like particles (VLPs) and supposed virus-related structures inside symbiotic bacteria in two marine species from the phylum Bryozoa, the cheilostomes Bugula neritina and Paralicornia sinuosa. (meta.org)
- Phylum Bryozoa. (cmar.csiro.au)
- Phylum Bryozoa: moss animals, sea mats, lace corals. (marinespecies.org)
- Bryozoa are a phylum of marine invertebrate organisms that still live today. (uky.edu)
Cheilostomata3
- Mit: HILLMER, G.: Oberkretazische Hippothoidae (Bryozoa Cheilostomata) aus dem Campanium von Schweden und dem Maastrichtium der Niederlande. (fossilbuch.de)
- 13, Ascophoran Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) of the Gulf of California. (amnh.org)
- Kubaninella: A new genus of Adeonidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from the Western Kamchatka shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk 19. (routledge.com)
World List of Bryozoa1
- World List of Bryozoa. (marinespecies.org)
Bugula1
- Distributions of serotonin and catecholamines in larvae of the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) were investigated using immunohistochemistry with anti-serotonin antiserum and glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence histochemistry. (uea.ac.uk)
Cheilostomatida4
- Secondary homonymy in Bryozoa: the case of Reteporella jullieni (Cheilostomatida). (nih.gov)
- Publications] Suwa,T.: 'Revision of seven specis of Microporella (Bryozoa, cheilostomatida) from Hokkaido, Japan, using new taxommic daracters'Journal of Natural History. (nii.ac.jp)
- Publications] Mawatari,S.F.: 'Two new specis of Japanese Microparella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Podalein Collection, Musee Zoologiqre, Strasbourg'Cahiers de Biologie Marine. (nii.ac.jp)
- Publications] Mawatari S.F.: 'Two new species of Japanese Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Doderlein Collection, Musee Zoologique, Strasbourg. (nii.ac.jp)
Invertebrates1
- Bryozoa are among the least studied invertebrates. (blogspot.com)
Taxonomic2
- But leaving phylogenetic and taxonomic speculations aside, bryozoa are colonial filter-feeding animals that are really abundant in freshwater and marine habitats. (blogspot.com)
- Publications] Suwa T.: 'Revision of seven species of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilosotomatida) from Hokkaido, Japan, using new taxonomic characters. (nii.ac.jp)
Moss2
- Bryozoa (moss animals) are tiny creatures with tentacles around their mouths. (wikipedia.org)
- After all, even the mention of words "bryozoa"and "moss animals" alone provokes only one question - "what the heck is that? (blogspot.com)
Polyzoa1
- The terms "Polyzoa" and "Bryozoa" were introduced a year apart, in 1830 and 1831 respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Species5
- In the Puritan collection of 75 species of ascophoran Bryozoa, four are described as new species. (amnh.org)
- This freshwater species of bryozoa consists of cells too, at least at first glance. (blogspot.com)
- This is the appendixes to Lopez Gappa (2000) - Species richness of marine Bryozoa in the continental shelf and slope off Argentina. (bryozoa.net)
- Cheilostomatous Bryozoa: part 2 Hippothooidea - Celleporoidea: notes for the identification of British species. (marinespecies.org)
- Probably a species of Alcyonidium (Bryozoa). (algaebase.org)
Taxonomy1
- Rogick's research specialty was the taxonomy and ecology of marine Bryozoa. (si.edu)
Fossil Bryozoa1
- Living and Fossil Bryozoa. (springer.com)
Wikimedia Commons1
- Bryozoa on Wikimedia Commons. (wiktionary.org)
Prehistoric Bryozoa1
- Different types of prehistoric bryozoa built colonial mounds, branching bushes, crusts, and fan-like structures. (uky.edu)
Cheilostomatous Bryozoa1
- Levinsen, G. M. R., Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa (Copenhagen 1909). (nature.com)
Index et Bibliographia2
- Bryozoa (Generum et Genotyporus Index et Bibliographia). (fossilbuch.de)
- Bryozoa (generum et genotyporum index et bibliographia). (boekwinkeltjes.nl)
Freshwater3
- A monograph of the freshwater Bryozoa: Phylactolaemata. (springer.com)
- Studies on freshwater Bryozoa. (springer.com)
- Fauna Europaea A database of freshwater and terrestrial animals (Top Bryozoa page). (bryozoa.net)
Colony2
- The majority of people who encounter a bryozoa colony most likely wouldn't recognize what it is. (blogspot.com)
- Influence of colony morphology on associated biota diversity in four Bryozoa 13. (routledge.com)
Ascophoran1
- The ascus, along with a calcified frontal shield, define ascophoran bryozoa. (wikipedia.org)
Phylogeny1
- A genome-skimmed phylogeny of a widespread bryozoa. (fapesp.br)
Cheilostome1
- The body wall of cheilostome bryozoa IV. (nature.com)
Phylactolaemata1
- Specific structures of sessoblasts (Bryozoa, Phylactolaemata). (springer.com)
Hayward1
- 464. , available online at http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=138282 [details] additional source Hayward, P.J. (marinespecies.org)
Invertebrate1
- corals and crabs of the Alpine Triassic: Bryozoa, corals, sponges, crabs, and snails of the Polish, Moravian, and Alpine Jurassic: and fishes and many invertebrate groups of the Cretaceous, not only of Bohemia but also from deposits in Poland, the Austrian Alps, and northern Germany. (encyclopedia.com)
Introductory overview1
- Bryozoa: an introductory overview. (springer.com)
Zoogeography1
- Bryozoa from Oceanic south eastern Pacific Islands: diversity and zoogeography 33. (routledge.com)
Revision1
- Revision der Sertularella-Arten [Bryozoa]. (boekwinkeltjes.nl)