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Alpha-D-phosphohexomutase superfamily

Iraqi biological weapons program

Brucellosis

Julius Youngner

ATC code J07

List of MeSH codes (D20)

Brucella

Brucella abortus

Brucella inopinata

Brucella ceti

Brucellosis vaccine

VIOLIN vaccine database

Biosafety level

Epigenetics

Interleukin 15

PPIB

Interleukin 15

Swine brucellosis

Soviet biological weapons program

Karl Friedrich Meyer

Naval Medical Research Unit Six

Neisseria meningitidis

List of veterinarians

Meningococcal disease

Plague (disease)

George Eliava Institute

Traveler's diarrhea

Gonorrhea

Paratyphoid fever

Cholera

Zoonosis

Urinary tract infection

Epigenetics

ടൈഫോയ്ഡ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയ

Typhoid fever

Elk

Infection50

• In order to evaluate safety of the novel vaccine strains as well as protection against infection and abortion, we tested selected B. melitensis unmarked deletion mutants in a natural host, the goat. (openthesis.org)
• Experimental infection of pregnant cattle with the vaccine candidate Brucella abortus strain RB51: pathologic, bacteriologic, and serologic findings. (semanticscholar.org)
• Brucella abortus is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes chronic infection in animals and humans. (vt.edu)
• Comparison of potential protection conferred by three immunization strategies (protein/protein, DNA/DNA, and DNA/protein) against Brucella infection using Omp2b in BALB/c Mice. (semanticscholar.org)
• Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Brucella abortus recombinant protein cocktail (rOmp19+rP39) against B. abortus 544 and B. melitensis 16M infection in murine model. (semanticscholar.org)
• Vaccination is an effective strategy for protection against Brucella infection in livestock in developing countries and in wildlife in developed countries. (biomedcentral.com)
• Therefore, mutant strain ∆22915 could be used as a novel vaccine candidate in the future to protect animals against B. abortus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
• Brucella ovis infection is usually found in countries with intensive sheep farming. (au-ibar.org)
• Attenuated Brucella melitensis Rev 1, used as vaccine against ovine and caprine brucellosis caused by B. melitensis , is also considered the best vaccine available for the prophylaxis of B. ovis infection, but its use for this purpose has serious drawbacks. (biomedcentral.com)
• These characteristics encourage their evaluation in the natural host as homologous vaccines for the specific prophylaxis of B. ovis infection. (biomedcentral.com)
• Additionally, due to its serological cross-reactivity with other S Brucella strains, it is banned in countries where B. melitensis has been eradicated, some of which are important sheep producers and where B. ovis infection constitute a serious problem. (biomedcentral.com)
• Therefore, the development of a new vaccine able to substitute B. melitensis Rev 1 strain in the prophylaxis of B. ovis infection is a matter of great interest. (biomedcentral.com)
• On account of the fact that, vaccination is the only way to control and eradicate the disease, the vaccine which can induce antibody in animals and protect them from infection and can overcome the drawbacks of current live attenuated vaccines, is essential. (upm.edu.my)
• The identification of host- Brucella interaction is crucial to understand host immunity against Brucella infection and Brucella pathogenesis against host immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
• Strain 19 and RB51 are the approved B. abortus vaccines strains most commonly used to protect cattle against infection and abortion. (beds.ac.uk)
• Further, primary Brucella infection was not exacerbated in perforin knockout and Fas-deficient mice and these animals' anti- Brucella immune responses were indistinguishable from those of normal mice. (hindawi.com)
• Brucella inopinata is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, nonspore-forming coccoid bacterium, first isolated from a breast implant infection site. (wikipedia.org)
• Co-infection with Rift Valley fever virus, Brucella spp. (ilri.org)
• However, in situ analysis of Brucella infected macrophages using antibody directed against O-polysaccharide suggested a loss of reactivity of Brucella consistent with the appearance of rough organisms, and a potential contribution to infection. (frontiersin.org)
• As an example, infection with Brucella bacteria may have significant impact on human health due to consumption of raw meat or otherwise contact with tissues and fluids of infected game species such as muskoxen and polar bears. (springer.com)
• In this context, the application of the control / eradication strategy of this infection in cattle from Durres and Lushnja complexes through the use of vaccine with strain Brucella abortus RB51 and evaluation of vaccine immunogenicity through brucelina PPD allergen manufactured by us is the main objective of this study. (inovacion.al)
• Through the use of this vaccine defined by this study, we obtained the control of Brucella infection in both complexes included in the study and 24 months after the application of the vaccines, complexes are considered to be "free" from brucellosis. (inovacion.al)
• The major objective of the investigation was to evaluate the hitherto uncharacterized potential of Brucella -specific antibodies to win the battle against virulent Brucella abortus infection. (veterinaryworld.org)
• Therefore, a predominant antibody-mediated response induced by a vaccine is expected to protect the animal against the most severe clinical outcome of infection. (veterinaryworld.org)
• Although not commonly reported in travelers, clinicians should also be aware of the possibility of B. suis or B. canis infection, as these Brucella species are present in animal populations (such as B. suis in feral swine and caribou/reindeer and B. canis in canines) that certain travelers may contact. (cdc.gov)
• Brucella , a Gram-negative bacterium, is classified as a potential bioterrorism agent mainly due to the low dose needed to cause infection and the ability to transmit the bacteria via aerosols. (biomedcentral.com)
• A cross-sectional study using a simple two stage cluster sampling method was conducted to measure short evolution brucellosis burden among cattle keeping households that are one of the highest risk populations to be exposed to Brucella infection. (biomedcentral.com)
• A combined vaccine used to prevent infection with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. (bioportfolio.com)
• The goal of this research is to develop a safe and efficacious Brucella canis vaccine using a genetic mutant that has been shown to be safe and efficacious for controlling infection against other Brucella species. (akcchf.org)
• Brucella melitensis primarily affects the reproductive tract of sheep and goats, and B. melitensis infection is characterized by abortion, retained placenta and, to a lesser extent, impaired fertility. (au-ibar.org)
• This is a bacterial infection caused by a number of types of Brucella bacteria ( Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, and B canis ). (sa.gov.au)
• Brucella infection is mainly an occupational disease of farm workers, veterinarians and abattoir workers. (sa.gov.au)
• Drinking unboiled milk is a risk factor for Brucella infection. (ajtmh.org)
• ABSTRACT Results differ as to whether Brucella infection during pregnancy increases a woman's risk of miscarriage. (who.int)
• However, it cannot be ascertained whether these antibodies are due to vaccine or response to infection. (veterinaryworld.org)
• The heightened antibody response after infection may also indicate a secondary immune response to the antigens common to the vaccine strain and wild Brucella organisms. (veterinaryworld.org)
• may or may not provide cross-protection against infection by heterologous Brucella species, hampering the acceleration of vaccine development. (asm.org)
• Spillover of disease from feral swine into domestic livestock causes positive diagnostic tests that cannot be differenciated from Brucella abortus infection. (usda.gov)
• This data will be of benefit to the scientists, livestock producers, and regulatory personnel in understanding the epidemiology and diagnostic responses associated with Brucella suis infection of cattle. (usda.gov)
• Brucella strains infect macrophages and establish chronic infection by altering host life activities including apoptosis and autophagy. (ijbs.com)
• Taken together, these data provide valuable framework on Brucella induced miRNA expression in RAW264.7 cells, and suggest that Brucella may establish chronic infection by regulating miRNA expression profile. (ijbs.com)
• Besides, apoptosis of macrophages is inhibited, facilitating Brucella ′s latent infection [ 8 , 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
• These studies provide important clues to the mechanism how Brucella strains establish chronic infection. (ijbs.com)
• There is no vaccine to prevent infection in humans. (healthcanal.com)
• If we can figure out exactly how Brucella accomplishes infection, we could develop an effective drug. (healthcanal.com)
• Brucella packs a potent punch - only a small dose of 10 to100 bacteria can cause infection. (healthcanal.com)
• Brucella abortus vaccine strain RB51 infection and exposures associated with raw milk consumption - Wise County, Texas, 2017. (cdc.gov)
• ABSTRACT A serological study was carried out in Tiaret province in western Algeria on 1032 cows distributed in 95 flocks to estimate the prevalence of Brucella infection and to compare the sensitivity and specificity of a range of agglutination tests. (who.int)
• Novel Brucella strain (BO1) associated with a prosthetic breast implant infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
• While the effect of Brucella infection on osteoblasts has been. (usda.gov)

Strains26

• In order to achieve this objective, vaccine strains of B. abortus S-19 and RB51 ( 19 , 32 ) have been used with relatively good results. (asm.org)
• However, even these vaccine strains are far from ideal, since they present some disadvantages, e.g., causing reactions in humans, inducing abortion in pregnant cattle, and showing a likelihood of changing to a virulent form ( 33 ). (asm.org)
• Recent research has focused upon the development of rough vaccine strains to avoid interference with standard diagnostic tests. (openthesis.org)
• In an effort to develop improved vaccine strains, we have screened signature tagged mutagenesis banks to identify mutants with varying survival characteristics. (openthesis.org)
• The asp24 mutants, which persist for extended periods in vivo, appear superior as a vaccine candidate compared to approved vaccine strains S19 and Rev1 in the mouse model against either homologous or heterologous challenges. (openthesis.org)
• Such analyses are subject to variable interpretations and must be performed by skilled technicians who are at high risk because most clinical Brucella strains are highly pathogenic. (aaccjnls.org)
• Accurate typing procedures are critical for eradication and control of disease-causing organisms, but DNA-based techniques are challenging because the various Brucella species and strains have a high degree of genetic homology, as demonstrated by whole-genome comparative analyses of the 3 Brucella genomes sequenced, Brucella melitensis ( 4 ), Brucella suis ( 5 ), and Brucella abortus ( 6 ). (aaccjnls.org)
• A specific additional 1320-bp fragment was amplified, and the 450-bp fragment was absent in Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals. (aaccjnls.org)
• The vaccine strain B. abortus RB51 was readily distinguished by a specific additional 2524-bp fragment and by the absence of the 1682-bp fragment, and the vaccine strain B. abortus S19 did not produce the 587-bp fragment common to all other Brucella strains tested. (aaccjnls.org)
• Identification and differentiation of all Brucella species and vaccine strains by multiplex PCR. (aaccjnls.org)
• However, current vaccine strains including S19 and RB51 are pathogenic to humans and pregnant animals, limiting their use. (biomedcentral.com)
• Vaccine strains such as S19, RB51 and Rev.1 have been extensively applied over the past decades with promising effects. (biomedcentral.com)
• Site-directed, unmarked deletion is an effective method for identifying virulence genes and constructing attenuated strains as Brucella vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
• strains, showing that 30 of them (81,08%) were B19 and 7 (18,92%) of them were Brucella abortus field strains. (usp.br)
• Brucella strains are smooth (S) or rough (R), depending on the presence or absence of O-polysaccharide (O-PS) chains in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
• The live attenuated strains like Brucella melitensis Rev1 and B. abortus S19 and RB51 are being used to control brucellosis in domesticated animals however they have some disadvantages, such as these strains provoke antibodies to their lipopolysaccharide (LPS), making it difficult to distinguish vaccinated animals from those naturally infected. (upm.edu.my)
• On the basis of LPS expression, the classical species can be broken into two broad categories: smooth (S-) or rough (R-). The classification between S- and R-strains is based on the observation of Brucella colonies using the oblique light method ( Henry, 1933 ). (frontiersin.org)
• Serological and Nucleic Acid Based Detection of Brucellosis in Livestock Species and Molecular Characterization of Brucella melitensis Strains Isolated from Pakistan. (thefreelibrary.com)
• The blood culture positive bacterial isolations were further subjected to classical biotyping and molecular techniques for characterization and found as non-vaccine strains of Brucella melitensis. (thefreelibrary.com)
• Enright FM, Araya LN, Elzer PH, Rowe GE, Winter AJ (1990) Comparative histopathology in BALB/c mice infected with virulent and attenuated strains of Brucella abortus . (springer.com)
• identify, characterize Brucella strains by Multiple Loci Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Analysis (MLVA-VNTR) and investigate possible spillover to other species. (biomedcentral.com)
• This review provides our current understanding of Brucella pathogenesis and host immunity for the development of genetically defined efficient vaccine strains. (asm.org)
• Brucella strains express uncanonical virulence factors including lipopolysaccharides (LPS), virulence regulator proteins and phosphatidylcholine, but lack most of classical virulence factors such as invasive protease, extoxin, or virulence plasmids [ 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
• This method can be used to identify Brucella and to discriminate between different species, strains within a species and between the vaccine strain B19 and the corresponding 'wild-type' B. abortus A1. (nih.gov)
• Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Brucella strains isolated from cattle in the Gambia. (ebscohost.com)
• Usually, Brucella strains devoid of O-PS (rough mutants) are less virulent than the wild type. (ebscohost.com)

Species49

• This manuscript reviews research on the use of Brucella vaccines in species of wildlife with emphasis on safety and efficacy. (nih.gov)
• Should this occur, non-target species other than elk and bison may come in contact with the vaccine resulting in morbidity or mortality. (unl.edu)
• B. abortus strain RB51 has been shown to be useful in eliciting protective cell mediated immunity and humoral responses against Brucella in cattle and other animal species. (vt.edu)
• Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases caused by species of Brucella. (semanticscholar.org)
• The genus Brucella consists of 6 recognized bacterial species ( 1 ) and 2 proposed new species recently isolated from marine mammals ( 2 ). (aaccjnls.org)
• Unique fragments occur among the different Brucella genomes, however, which allowed us to develop a rapid, specific single-test-tube assay for molecular identification of all known Brucella species. (aaccjnls.org)
• were confirmed as Brucella abortus by PCR using species-specific primers. (usp.br)
• After an antigen stimulus with B. ovis cells, splenocytes obtained from all vaccinated mice secreted similar levels of TNF-α and IL12(p40) and remarkably high amounts of IFN-γ, a crucial cytokine in protective immunity against other Brucella species. (biomedcentral.com)
• Brucellosis is a major bacterial zoonoses worldwide (Manish et al, 2013) caused by Brucella species. (thefreelibrary.com)
• Most of the information about the inter-species interactions between host and Brucella genes is only available in the text of the scientific publications. (frontiersin.org)
• Next, sentence-level and abstract-level co-occurrence based approaches, as well as sentence-level machine learning based methods, originally designed for extracting intra-species gene interactions, were utilized to extract the interactions among the identified host and Brucella genes. (frontiersin.org)
• However, due to some drawbacks shown by these vaccines much effort has been undertaken for the development of new vaccines, safer and more effective, that could also be used in other susceptible species of animals. (beds.ac.uk)
• The predominant Brucella species in both animal and human infections is Brucella melitensis [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
• To date, the most successful brucellosis vaccine preparations (used in livestock species) have been modified live derivatives of virulent Brucella [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Brucella ceti is a Gram-negative species of bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
• Sequences homologous to the cloned fragment encoding BA14K were identified by Southern blot analysis of genomic DNAs from representatives of all of the currently recognized Brucella species. (asm.org)
• Lipopolysaccharide-deficient mutants of smooth Brucella species (rough mutants) have been shown to arise spontaneously in culture. (frontiersin.org)
• The O-polysaccharide of Brucella LPS is critical for virulence of the classical Brucella species ( B. melitensis, B. abortus , B. suis ). (frontiersin.org)
• Genus Brucella is classified into different species based on phenotypic differences and host preferences. (thefreelibrary.com)
• 1987). However, since 1994, several new Brucella species have been isolated from marine mammals (Foster et al. (thefreelibrary.com)
• 2008). More recently, several species of Brucella have been isolated from human (Scholz et al. (thefreelibrary.com)
• Although new species of Brucella that are potentially zoonotic have been identified with reservoir hosts in wildlife [4- the three zoonotic species in domestic livestock are of much greater importance . (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
• Although preferred reservoir hosts for these Brucella species are sheep and goats, swine, and cattle, respectively , each has been demonstrated to be capable of infecting other host species. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
• The mAbs recognised Brucella species with 'smooth' LPS independently of the way how the bacterial cells were inactivated. (unibas.ch)
• The different species of Brucella are genetically very similar, although each has a slightly different host specificity. (wikipedia.org)
• Hence, the NCBI taxonomy includes most Brucella species under B. melitensis. (wikipedia.org)
• People may also be infected by inhalation of contaminated dust or aerosols, and as such, the CDC has labeled Brucella species as highly weaponizable. (wikipedia.org)
• The Luminex assay recognised all tested Brucella species with 'smooth' LPS with detection limits of 2 × 10 2 to 8 × 10 4 cells per mL, depending on the species tested. (biomedcentral.com)
• This is especially important for fastidious agents such as Brucella or Francisella species where tracing by cultivation is hampered by long cultivation time. (biomedcentral.com)
• In this study, complete inventories of putative functional ABC systems of five Brucella species have been compiled and compared. (hindawi.com)
• High numbers of ABC systems, particularly nutrient importers, were found in all Brucella species. (hindawi.com)
• B. ovis , 59) as well as specific differences in the functional ABC systems of the Brucella species. (hindawi.com)
• Brucella species are the causative agents of brucellosis, the world's most prevalent zoonotic disease, with high occurrences in endemic areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mexico, and the Mediterranean [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Although Brucella are primarily animal pathogens causing infectious abortions in females and orchitis in males [ 5 ], four of the nine species may infect humans ( B. melitensis , B. abortus, B. suis, and occasionally B. canis , in order of disease severity) causing a range of flu-like symptoms including fever, sweats, malaise, and nausea [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Due to the nature of the human disease and the ability to be infectious via aerosol, Brucella species have been classified as category B threat agents by the US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
• although there is currently little experimental evidence to support this, a few studies have found differences between the Brucella species genomes that may support this hypothesis [ 10 , 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
• In this study, a custom MALDI-TOF MS reference library was constructed and its performance on identification at species level was evaluated using 75 Brucella spp. (medworm.com)
• Analysis of mass peak profiles allowed Brucella accurate identification at genus and species level (100%) with no misidentifications. (medworm.com)
• In addition to this, analyses of three ''Brucella'' species have shown that their genomes lack the functional sequences of so-called classical virulence factors, pathogenic islands, and a complete set of genes to mount, types I, II, and II secretion systems. (kenyon.edu)
• Four members have recently been classified as additional species [ 10 , 11 ] and recently the eleventh Brucella spp. (biomedcentral.com)
• It is the type species of the genus Brucella. (thefreedictionary.com)
• a similar organism to the other brucellae except that it is inhibited in growth by a 10% concentration of CO 2 , a cultural enhancement for the other species. (thefreedictionary.com)
• All species of the Brucella genus contain several copies (between 10 and 40) of an insertion sequence, IS6501 (known also as IS711). (nih.gov)
• Brucella species are small, aerobic, Gram-negative coccobacilli that are animal pathogens of worldwide distribution. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
• It is important to recognize that disease may not always occur with these two Brucella species. (fao.org)
• MLVA Genotyping of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus Isolates from Different Animal Species and Humans and Identification of Brucella suis Vaccine Strain S2 from Cattle in China. (ebscohost.com)
• Brucella melitensis (biovars 1 and 3) is the predominant species, associated with sporadic cases and outbreak in humans. (ebscohost.com)
• Thirty-five serum samples and six hygroma fluid samples were collected from sexually mature cattle in one herd with clinical signs of brucellosis (abortion and hygromas) in the Western Region of the Gambia in order to isolate and characterise Brucella species. (ebscohost.com)
• The causative agents are members of the genus Brucella currently comprising 11 species and with an expanding known host range in recent years. (microbiologyresearch.org)

RB5123

• Exposure to the Brucella abortus RB51 culture for confirmation ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
• These cases abortus strain RB51 vaccine (RB51) to cattle 3 weeks before highlighted the lack of awareness of the unique challenges in symptom onset. (cdc.gov)
• OPHD and cians unfamiliar with management of human RB51 Brucella the local health jurisdiction provided RB51-specific treatment infections and exposures. (cdc.gov)
• Adverse events in humans ity in humans, he had not sought the recommended postexpo- associated with accidental exposure to the livestock brucellosis vaccine RB51. (cdc.gov)
• The patient reported having sustained a needle stick while administering the Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine (RB51) to cattle 3 weeks before symptom onset. (cdc.gov)
• RB51 is a live-attenuated vaccine, approved for use as part of the Brucellosis Eradication Program in the mid-1990s ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
• State and local health jurisdictions should consider regular communication with veterinary and laboratory communities regarding occupational RB51 exposures and can serve as a resource to clinicians unfamiliar with management of human RB51 Brucella infections and exposures. (cdc.gov)
• in a goat flock and the seroconversion of three groups of animals vaccinated with Rev-1 (Brucella melitensis), RB51, and RB51-SOD (Brucella abortus) to estimate the level of protection conferred on susceptible females. (intechopen.com)
• Results show that the seroconversion induced by Brucella abortus RB51 and RB51-SOD vaccines is lower than that by Brucella melitensis Rev-1. (intechopen.com)
• Safety Of Brucella Abortus Strain Rb51 Vaccine In Non-Target U" by Terry J. Kreeger, Thomas J. DeLiberto et al. (unl.edu)
• n =24) were given a single oral dose of at least 1.0X10 10 colony-forming units of Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine (RB51). (unl.edu)
• To determine the placental tropism and abortigenicity of the vaccine candidate Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51), a rough mutant of the virulent strain 2308, ten Polled Hereford heifers were inoculated intravenously in the 6th month of gestation. (semanticscholar.org)
• Abortion and premature birth in cattle following vaccination with Brucella abortus strain RB51. (semanticscholar.org)
• Epidemiological study of Brucellosis in cattle, immunized with Brucella abortus RB51 vaccine in endemic zones. (semanticscholar.org)
• Efficacy of strain RB51 vaccine in heifers against experimental brucellosis. (semanticscholar.org)
• Apart from that, when S19 or RB51 preparations are used in animals, the interference of vaccine induced antibody response with conventional serological tests (Stevens et al. (thefreelibrary.com)
• Despite enormous advances and the development of B. abortus S19 and RB51 vaccines, the search for improved vaccines has never ends. (beds.ac.uk)
• Twenty Hereford heifers, approximately 9 months of age, were vaccinated with saline (control) or 2 x 10**10 CFU of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) vaccine. (usda.gov)
• The New York State Department of Health and Pennsylvania Department of Health are investigating Brucella RB51 exposures that may be connected to consuming raw (unpasteurized) milk from Miller's Biodiversity Farm in Quarryville, Pennsylvania. (cdc.gov)
• This investigation is associated with the third known case of brucellosis from Brucella RB51 due to raw milk acquired in the U.S., since August 2017. (cdc.gov)
• Milk samples from the dairy tested positive for Brucella strain RB51. (cdc.gov)
• Brucella strain RB51 is a live-attenuated cattle vaccine strain, which can be shed in milk and can cause infections in humans. (cdc.gov)
• B. abortus strain 19 is still considered the standard vaccine, although some countries are now using strain RB51 (rough) vaccines. (fao.org)

Suis12

• At the beginning of this century in the US, Brucella abortus is a problem in elk and bison in the Greater Yellowstone Area, B. suis is prevalent in millions of feral swine in most of the southern states, and caribou/reindeer in Alaska are infected with B. suis biovar 4. (nih.gov)
• Brucella suis strain 353-1 is a stable vaccine strain that is clinically safe, does not cause positive serologic responses on conventional brucellosis surveillance tests, and induces humoral and cellular immunity in swine after vaccination. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
• ABC systems of Brucella melitensis 16M, Brucella abortus 9-941, Brucella canis RM6/66, Brucella suis 1330, and Brucella ovis 63/290 were identified and aligned. (hindawi.com)
• Brucella melitensis (which usually infects sheep and goats), Brucella abortus (cattle), Brucella suis (pigs), Brucella ovis (sheep), Brucella canis (dogs), and Brucella neotomae (desert wood rats). (hindawi.com)
• 2002). ''Brucella'' ''suis'' was the first pathogenic organism used by the U.S. military as a weapon backing in the 1950s. (kenyon.edu)
• Brucella melitensis (sheep and goats), B. suis (hogs), B. abortus (cattle), B. ovis (sheep), B. canis (dogs), B. neotomae (wood rats), and B. maris (marine mammals) ( 38 , 80 ). (asm.org)
• The recent completion of B. melitensis (GenBank NC 003317 and NC 003318 ) ( 44 ), B. suis (GenBank NC 002969 ), and B. abortus ( 142 ) genome sequence projects has provided tremendous information for understanding the mechanisms of Brucella pathogenicity. (asm.org)
• The availability of the genomic sequences of B. melitensis , B. suis , and B. abortus will provide an opportunity to identify the virulence mechanisms of Brucella at the molecular level that have previously proven highly elusive. (asm.org)
• Brucella suis is a bacteria that can cause disease in domestic livestock and people. (usda.gov)
• Completion of the genome sequence of Brucella abortus and comparison to the highly similar genomes of Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis. (thefreedictionary.com)
• Bovine brucellosis is usually caused by Brucella abortus , less frequently by B. melitensis , and rarely by B. suis . (fao.org)
• Clinical and Diagnostic Aspects of Relapsing Meningoencephalitis due to Brucella suis. (ebscohost.com)

Strain15

• Taken together, each of Brucella antigens delivered by ST successfully induced antigen specific immune response and it was also evident that individual antigen strain can also confer considerable degree of protection. (vetsci.org)
• In this study, we constructed the Brucella abortus ( B. abortus ) S2308 mutant strain Δ22915, in which the putative lytic transglycosylase gene BAB_RS22915 was deleted. (biomedcentral.com)
• Brucella melitensis Rev 1 is an S live attenuated strain currently used for vaccination campaigns against ovine and caprine brucellosis, which is almost exclusively caused by B. melitensis and B. ovis . (biomedcentral.com)
• Mice were immunized orally by administration of B. melitensis WR201, a purine auxotrophic attenuated vaccine strain, then challenged intranasally with B. melitensis 16M. (hindawi.com)
• The live B. melitensis Rev.1 strain is considered the best vaccine available for the prophylaxis of brucellosis in small ruminants, especially when used at the standard dose by the conjunctival route. (scielo.br)
• Feral swine vaccinated orally or parentally with strain 353-1 had greater (P Brucella at all sampling times after vaccination when compared to non-vaccinated swine. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
• This paper aimed to determine the excretion period of B19 vaccine strain during a complete reproductive cycle (from estrus synchronization , artificial insemination , pregnancy and until 30 days after parturition ) of dairy cows from 3 to 9 years old that were previously vaccinated from 3 to 8 months. (bvsalud.org)
• Verma S, Rawat M, Kumawat S, Qureshi S, Mohd G, Tiwari AK (2018) Protective role of Brucella abortus specific murine antibodies in inhibiting systemic proliferation of virulent strain 544 in mice and guinea pig, Veterinary World, 11(6): 794-799. (veterinaryworld.org)
• Furthermore, distinct peak biomarkers were detected for biovar assignment and discrimination from vaccine strain Rev.1. (medworm.com)
• 2002). ==Genome Structure== The genome of ''Brucella'' ''melitensis'' strain 16M is comprised of 3,294,931 bp in two circular chromosomes. (kenyon.edu)
• Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attenuated strain of M. bovis , which is widely used around the world as a vaccine against human TB caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (royalsocietypublishing.org)
• Vaccines may be effective against one particular strain of an agent but not against a different strain. (missouri.edu)
• Additionally, conditions required for an effective Brucella vaccine strain as well as the future research direction needed to investigate Brucella pathogenesis and host immunity are postulated. (asm.org)
• a stable rough strain of Brucella abortus . (cdc.gov)
• B. abortus Strain 19 live vaccine should be prepared from USA-derived seed cultures , and each batch must conform to minimum standards for viability, smoothness, pathogenicity and ability to immunize guinea pigs or mice against challenge with a virulent strain of B. abortus . (fao.org)

Antibodies17

• A simple, rapid, inexpensive fluorescence polarization assay for the detection of antibodies to Brucella abortus in bulk tank milk samples at the farm level or at dairies with a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 95.9%, respectively, is described. (asm.org)
• Animals vaccinated with pcDNA-SOD did not develop SOD-specific antibodies, at least until week 4 after immunization (the end of the experiment), and in vitro stimulation of their splenocytes with either recombinant Cu-Zn SOD or crude Brucella protein induced the secretion of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), but not interleukin-4, and elicited the induction of cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activity. (asm.org)
• To fulfill the need for a simple and rapid diagnostic test for human brucellosis, we used the immunochromatographic lateral flow assay format to develop two assays, one for the detection of Brucella -specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and one for the detection of Brucella -specific IgG antibodies. (asm.org)
• To address the need for a simple and rapid diagnostic test, we have applied the immunochromatographic lateral flow assay format to develop two assays, one for the detection of Brucella -specific IgM and one for Brucella -specific IgG antibodies. (asm.org)
• Since the protective antigen (PA) of B. anthracis is known to induce protective antibodies, it was decided that the objective of this research was to test whether the gene encoding PA could be expressed in Brucella producing a bivalent vaccine to protect against both brucellosis and anthrax. (vt.edu)
• Evaluation of a fluorescence polarization assay for the detection of serum antibodies to Brucella abortus in water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ). (springer.com)
• A low-molecular-weight recombinant Brucella abortus protein reactive with antibodies from a variety of naturally and experimentally infected hosts and T lymphocytes from experimentally infected mice was identified and given the designation BA14K. (asm.org)
• Prevalence of antibodies against Brucella spp. (springer.com)
• Here, we present serological results for Baffin Bay polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) ( n = 96) and North East Greenland muskoxen ( Ovibos moschatus ) ( n = 32) for antibodies against Brucella spp. (springer.com)
• No muskoxen had antibodies against Brucella spp. (springer.com)
• antibodies found in polar bears were due to either prey spill over or true recurrent Brucella spp. (springer.com)
• Bundle DR, Gidney MA, Perry MB, Duncan JR, Cherwonogrodzky JW (1984) Serological confirmation of Brucella abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 O-antigens by monoclonal antibodies. (springer.com)
• In particular, our strategy was to produce Brucella cell surface antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the development of an antigen capture assay for the detection of Brucella cells as potential bio threat agents in complex samples. (unibas.ch)
• Western blot analyses with Brucella lysate also identified antibodies against some immunodominant Brucella proteins in the serum of cattle naturally infected with Brucella spp. (unibas.ch)
• Brucella antibodies can persist for more than a year despite successful antibiotic treatment. (cdc.gov)
• To this end, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for Brucella LPS were generated and used to design a highly specific and sensitive antigen capture assay. (biomedcentral.com)
• Household blood samples were tested for Brucella antibodies using the highly sensitive Rose Bengal test (RBT) and IgM ELISA Lateral Flow Assay (LFA). (biomedcentral.com)

Cattle7

• In this study, a clinical assay was performed to establish the efficacy of this vaccine on double purpose cattle. (scialert.net)
• Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate Brucella abortus S19 vaccine in cattle naturally infected with brucellosis under tropical conditions. (scialert.net)
• Attenuated live vaccines, such as Brucella abortus S19, which until recently was the vaccine used in cattle in the United States, and Brucella melitensis Rev1, which is used in sheep and goats in other parts of the world, have been used successfully in eradication and control programs ( 1 ). (asm.org)
• Corbel MJ, Day CA (1973) Assessment of fluorescent antibody absorption procedures for differentiation of the serological response to Yersinia enterocolitica serotype IX and Brucella abortus in cattle. (springer.com)
• Brucella abortus vaccine is used for the immunization of cattle, sheep, and goats. (bioportfolio.com)
• As the aim of a badger vaccine would be to at least limit transmission from infected badger populations to cattle, we reasoned that a vaccine which prevented disease progression to a point before animals became infectious could still achieve this goal [ 18 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
• This interferes with regulatory efforts to keep Brucella abortus out of cattle and imperils the financial investment made to eliminate the brucellosis from cattle. (usda.gov)

Genus6

• most importantly, it is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
• Brucellosis is a zoonosis of global socio-economic importance caused by Gram negative facultative intracellular bacteria of genus Brucella. (thefreelibrary.com)
• Brucella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, named after David Bruce (1855-1931). (wikipedia.org)
• Brucellosis is one of the five common bacterial zoonoses in the world caused by organisms belonging to the genus Brucella , gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultative, intracellular bacteria ( 39 ). (asm.org)
• Applying the classical biotyping approach used to subdivide members of the genus Brucella , the isolate did not correspond to any known Brucella sp. (microbiologyresearch.org)
• However, PCR targeting of genes specific for members of the genus Brucella was strongly positive and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a close relationship with extant Brucella spp. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Zoonotic6

• Brucella is a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that causes zoonotic brucellosis in humans and various animals. (frontiersin.org)
• Our results therefore highlight the importance of further research into the zoonotic aspects of Brucella spp. (springer.com)
• Brucellosis, a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Gram-negative Brucellae and classified as a potential bioterrorism disease [ 1 ], leads to abortions in animals and flu-like symptoms with periodic bouts of fever in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
• Brucellae are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular, coccobacillus bacteria that cause Brucellosis , a zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals worldwide [ 1 ]. (ijbs.com)
• Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease caused primarily by the bacterial pathogens Brucella melitensis and B. abortus. (ebscohost.com)
• Whilst there is no evidence to date that these isolates represent a zoonotic threat, the association of other 'atypical' Brucella sp. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Human Brucellosis4

• At present, there is no commercially available vaccine for the human brucellosis. (semanticscholar.org)
• Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus are the main causes of human brucellosis, worldwide. (semanticscholar.org)
• Recently, Brucella melitensis was declared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to be one of three major bioterrorist agents due to the expense required for the treatment of human brucellosis patients. (asm.org)
• Sustained and differential antibody responses to virulence proteins of Brucella melitensis during acute and chronic infections in human brucellosis. (ebscohost.com)

Canis2

• Canine brucellosis is a reproductive disease caused by the bacterium Brucella cani s ( B. canis ), which can cause infertility, abortion, and severe spinal infections in dogs. (akcchf.org)
• The development of such a vaccine for dogs will significantly impact canine and human health by limiting the spread of B. canis . (akcchf.org)

Ovis4

• Simmons and Hall, 1953), and the organism was named Brucella ovis in 1956 (Buddel, 1956). (au-ibar.org)
• Brucella ovis causes ram contagious epididymitis, a disease for which a specific vaccine is lacking. (biomedcentral.com)
• In this work, two previously characterized B. ovis attenuated mutants (Δ omp25 d and Δ omp22 ) were evaluated in mice, in comparison with B. melitensis Rev 1, as vaccines against B. ovis . (biomedcentral.com)
• Brucellosis caused by Brucella ovis mainly induces chronic epididymitis and orchitis in rams. (biomedcentral.com)

Antigens5

• Immunogenicity evaluation of plasmids encoding Brucella melitensis Omp25 and Omp31 antigens in BALB/c mice. (nih.gov)
• Each vector constitutively express highly conserved Brucella antigens (rB), viz. (vetsci.org)
• The profound capacity of TLRs mediated immunity can be exploited to augment the antigen specific immune response for many of the vaccine antigens. (thefreelibrary.com)
• We aimed at identifying immunodominant Brucella antigens for implementation in new detection tools or for subunit vaccine development. (unibas.ch)
• Alternatively, specific cell-mediated or serological responses to Brucella antigens can be demonstrated. (fao.org)

Infections7

• Collectively, these finding suggested that the pcDNA3.1/Hygro DNA vaccines encoding Omp25 and Omp31 genes and divalent plasmid were able to induce both humoral and cellular immunity, and had the potential to be a vaccine candidate for prevention of B. melitensis infections. (nih.gov)
• Similarly to other infections caused by facultative intracellular pathogens, the induction of specific cell-mediated immunity is required for effective clearance of Brucella infections ( 4 , 22 ). (asm.org)
• The RBL supports basic research to develop drugs, diagnostics, and vaccines for emerging and reemerging infections and biodefense. (nih.gov)
• Some limitations to the use of serologic tests must be taken into consideration when diagnosing Brucella infections, as most serologic assays for brucellosis show variable levels of cross-reactivity with other gram-negative bacteria (for example, E. coli O:157, Francisella tularensis , and Yersinia enterocolitica ). (cdc.gov)
• Brucella infections constitute a serious problem for dog breeders, pet owners, and kennels. (akcchf.org)
• This translates to study and innovation in medical diagnostic systems and bioassays, medical implant designs and improvement using innovative biomaterials and on-baord drug delivery, implant-related infections, surface analysis in biomedical systems, drug delivery systems for proteins and vaccines, and novel surface modification strategies. (utah.edu)
• In pregnant patients, Brucella infections can be associated with miscarriage. (cdc.gov)

Bacteria11

• Brucella bacteria are relatively slow growing, and the culture result may not become available for several days or weeks ( 25 ). (asm.org)
• The use of lytic phages to inactivate bacteria and the application of the phage lysate as a vaccine antigen is an alternate approach to develop candidate vaccine against bacterial disease but it has been poorly explored. (thefreelibrary.com)
• We report here that the LPS from the facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacteria Brucella abortus interferes with the MHC class II Ag presentation pathway. (jimmunol.org)
• Descubrimos que algunas enzimas del metabolismo de flavinas constituyen factores de virulencia que actúan en el nicho replicativo de la bacteria, y que Brucella tiene un metabolismo de síntesis de flavinas atípico. (leloir.org.ar)
• Estudiamos además una flavoproteína de Brucella, LOV-HK, que es capaz de sensar la luz azul y de esa manera modula la virulencia de la bacteria. (leloir.org.ar)
• Like other Gram-negative bacteria, Brucellae express lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the outer membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
• Diagnosis is made by growing Brucella bacteria from the blood, bone marrow or other infected body tissues or from discharges from infected body tissues. (sa.gov.au)
• Brucella are small (0.5 to 0.7 by 0.6 to 1.5 μm), gram negative, non-motile, non- encapsulated, non-spore forming, rod shaped (coccobacilli) bacteria which are facultative intracellular parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
• The Brucella genome consists of two circular chromosomes without plasmids, suggesting a remarkable difference compared to the single chromosome of many bacteria ( 105 , 106 ). (asm.org)
• Brucella organisms are Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacteria that cause Brucellosis . (ijbs.com)
• Macrophage, a kind of early defense cell against pathogenic bacteria, is primary target of Brucella [ 2 , 5 ]. (ijbs.com)

20181

• Update: ACIP Recommendations for the Use of Quadrivalent Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV4) - United States, 2018-19 Influenza Season. (bioportfolio.com)

Characterization2

• The cloning and characterization of genes encoding immunoreactive Brucella proteins will provide a useful source of antigen for immunologic assays and subunit immunization studies. (asm.org)
• This study aimed at molecular detection and characterization of Brucella spp from Pakistan. (thefreelibrary.com)

Melitensis and Brucella abortus1

• Surveillance of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus from aborted Bengal goats in Bangladesh. (thefreedictionary.com)

Pathogen2

• Although Brucella is a serious pathogen, type I, II, and III secretion systems and pathogenicity islands were absent. (asm.org)
• In Marseille, France, his research is centered on combating Infectious diseases by studying host/pathogen interactions and vaccine design. (elsevier.com)

Goats1

• Brucella melitensis , with a reservoir in sheep, goats, and camels may cause severe, acute disease and disabling complications. (thefreedictionary.com)

Virulent4

• These mutants provide protection against wild-type, virulent Brucella challenge in mouse models [ 13 - 17 ], making them potential vaccine candidates. (biomedcentral.com)
• The production of IFN- γ is essential for protection, clearance, and survival in the face of virulent Brucella challenge in the mouse model [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
• In fact, the REV.1 vaccine is quite virulent and apparently unstable, creating the need for improved vaccines for B. melitensis. (asm.org)
• The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is considered the major virulent factor in Brucella spp. (ebscohost.com)

Humans15

• The use of vaccines to control brucellosis in populations of wildlife and therefore reducing the risk of transmission to humans and livestock has been proposed in several instances. (nih.gov)
• Although he administered the vaccine regularly and was aware of its potential for pathogenicity in humans, he had not sought the recommended postexposure prophylaxis of doxycycline and TMX/SMX for 21 days ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
• Commercially available anthrax vaccines for immunization of humans are of limited duration and do not protect against the respiratory form of the disease. (vt.edu)
• Live attenuated Brucella vaccines are considered effective in animals but they may be potentially infectious to humans, so it is vital to improve the immunoprotective effects and safety of vaccines against Brucella. (nih.gov)
• Brucellosis is a widespread disease affecting livestock and humans caused by Brucella spp. (upm.edu.my)
• Brucella is an intracellular bacterium that causes chronic brucellosis in humans and various mammals. (frontiersin.org)
• Although the available vaccines are effective in controlling brucellosis, they have numerous drawbacks, such as interference with diagnostic tests, pathogenicity for humans, potential to cause abortion in pregnant animals, among others. (beds.ac.uk)
• A vaccine for B. melitensis for use in humans would be a boon to millions of agriculture workers world-wide [ 5 ] and may be an important goal for protection against bioterrorism [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
• However, some of these vaccines are pathogenic in humans [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
• After exposure to Brucella, humans generally have a two- to four-week latency period before exhibiting symptoms, which include acute undulating fever (>90% of all cases), headache, arthralgia (>50%), night sweats, fatigue, and anorexia. (wikipedia.org)
• Transmission to humans takes place via three recognised channels: (i) the consumption of infected animal products, (ii) direct contact with infected animal birth products, and (iii) the inhalation of aerosolised Brucella . (hindawi.com)
• Unlike other bacterium, Brucella is able to sneak like a spy into the body's immune cells, causing abortions and sterility in animals and a debilitating flu-like disease in humans. (healthcanal.com)
• Three isolates were identified from 105 blood samples from humans with brucellosis and 50 samples of milk and tissues from infected cows and they were all Brucella melitensis biovar 3. (who.int)
• This study aimed obtaining the data via Delphi Expert Opinion Surveys (DEOS) and Targeted Group Surveys (TGS) required for calculation of financial losses caused by Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in infected animals and humans and also required for performing cost-benefit analysis for. (ebscohost.com)
• Vaccination remains a critical component of brucellosis control, but there are currently no vaccines for use in humans, and no in vitro models for assessing the safety of candidate vaccines in reference to the development of bone lesions currently exist. (usda.gov)

Livestock5

• Additionally, modified live vaccines may induce abortion to livestock if administered during pregnancy or to other animals in contact with pregnant animals [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
• The need for a livestock vaccine program is essential to the overall health of the animals. (allivet.com)
• Livestock vaccines help control the spread of dangerous and contagious diseases. (allivet.com)
• Different livestock vaccines protect against bovine papilloma virus, foot rot, liver abscesses, bovine pinkeye and blackleg and many others. (allivet.com)
• 7. Goodwin, Z.I. and Pascual, D.W. (2016) Brucellosis vaccines for livestock. (veterinaryworld.org)

20164

• To describe the safety of the 2016-2017 formulation of Fluzone Quadrivalent vaccine in children 3 to (bioportfolio.com)
• The aim of the study is to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the 2015-2016 formulations of Fluzone Quadrivalent and Fluzone Intradermal Quadrivalent vaccines in adults 18 to (bioportfolio.com)
• The study will evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the 2015-2016 formulation of Fluzone Quadrivalent vaccine, administered in a 1- or 2-dose schedule, in accordance with the Advisory. (bioportfolio.com)
• Quadrivalent Meningococcal Vaccine Uptake Among Men Who Have Sex With Men During a Meningococcal Outbreak in Los Angeles County, California, 2016-2017. (bioportfolio.com)

Virulence3

• Deletion of these genes reduces Brucella virulence, but they maintain excellent immunogenicity to activate the host immune response. (biomedcentral.com)
• Although the available vaccines are effective in controlling brucellosis, they have numerous drawbacks like abortifacient potential for pregnant animals (Smith and Ficht, 1990), residual virulence ability for human (Spink et al. (thefreelibrary.com)
• 1970). The major drawback of chemically killed vaccines include high production cost, poor protection, residual virulence, batch to batch variation, denaturation of conformational epitopes, unaccepted local reaction, serological problems (Moriyon et al. (thefreelibrary.com)

Recombinant6

• Six groups of BALB/c mice (seven mice per group) were intramuscularly injected with three recombinant constructs, native pcDNA3.1/Hygro (+) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as controls and subcutaneous injection of attenuated live vaccine Rev1. (nih.gov)
• Several new generation vaccines like recombinant vaccine (Al-Mariri et al. (thefreelibrary.com)
• Studies employing both purified subunit preparations and live, recombinant antigen delivery systems should allow a comprehensive evaluation of the relative importance of specific Brucella proteins in eliciting protective immunity. (asm.org)
• In an attempt to identify Brucella proteins capable of inducing protective immune responses, a collection of recombinant Escherichia coli clones expressing Brucella proteins reactive in immunoassays with sera from a variety of experimentally and naturally infected hosts was assembled ( 18 ). (asm.org)
• One of these clones, which was designated IV-4, produced a recombinant Brucella protein with an apparent molecular mass of 14 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis. (asm.org)
• 1999. Oral vaccination of white-tailed deer using a recombinant bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine expressing the Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A: prospects for immunocontraception. (usda.gov)

Genes1

• In particular, a total of 25 target genes are involved in regulating apoptosis and autophagy, indicating that these miRNAs may play important regulatory roles in the Brucella -host interactions. (ijbs.com)

20172

• 2017 Market Research Report on Brucella Abortus Vaccines Industry was a professional and depth research report on Brucella Abortus Vaccines industry that you would know the world's major regional market conditions of Brucella Abortus Vaccines industry, the main region including North American, Europe and Asia etc., and the main country including United States ,Germany ,Japan and China etc. (reportsweb.com)
• Eloit M, Schmitt B (2017) Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals 2017. (springer.com)

ABSTRACT1

• Authors: Zaitoon H, Bamberger E, Yaniv L, Mendelson B, Srugo I, Chistyakov I Abstract BACKGROUND: The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-13 (PCV-13) has reduced the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease. (medworm.com)

Antibody4

• Antibody response and antigen-specific gamma-interferon profiles of vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant sheep experimentally infected with Brucella melitensis . (springer.com)
• Antibody to the O-polysaccharide of Brucella LPS has been firmly established as an important mediator of anti- Brucella effects in murine models of secondary immunity [ 13 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Our aim was to specifically detect Brucellae with 'smooth' lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using a highly sensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) based immunological assay. (biomedcentral.com)
• This study will evaluate whether it is possible to generate baseline biomarker-based prediction rules (PdR) for vaccine response (post baseline absolute serum antibody titer) using each of. (bioportfolio.com)

Rev11

• This study was designed to evaluate the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding B. melitensis outer membrane proteins (Omp25 and Omp31) against B. melitensis Rev1 in a mouse model. (nih.gov)

Immunity5

• In the development of vaccines capable of providing immunity against brucellosis, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been demonstrated to be one of the protective immunogens of Brucella abortus . (asm.org)
• On the other hand, DNA vaccines have many advantages over traditional protein-based vaccines, such as ease of development, inducing a long lived immunity, and minimal preparation costs. (upm.edu.my)
• In the recent years, there has much emphasis on improvement of vaccine utilizing better adjuvant targeting innate immune response to enhance both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. (thefreelibrary.com)
• This vaccine induces long-lasting intestinal and humoral immunity. (bioportfolio.com)
• Killed vaccine induces only humoral immunity. (bioportfolio.com)

Brucellosis vaccine2

• It is possible that an oral brucellosis vaccine could be developed and disseminated in the GYA to reduce disease transmission. (unl.edu)
• formed basis of brucellosis vaccine. (usda.gov)

Immunogenicity2

• Improved immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a divalent DNA vaccine encoding Brucella L7/L12-truncated Omp31 fusion protein by a DNA priming and protein boosting regimen. (semanticscholar.org)
• This multicenter, open-label, Phase IV study was designed to describe the safety and immunogenicity of Fluzone Quadrivalent vaccine in children 6 months to (bioportfolio.com)

Organisms2

• Historical data suggests that prolonged survival of Brucella vaccine organisms in the target host enhances immune protection. (openthesis.org)
• The demonstration by modified acid-fast or immunospecific staining of organisms of Brucella morphology in abortion material or vaginal discharges provides presumptive evidence of brucellosis, especially if supported by serological tests. (fao.org)

Lipopolysaccharide2

• An anti- Brucella vaccine candidate which comprises of purified Brucella lipopolysaccharide and cocktail of four Salmonella Typhimurium (ST)- Brucella vectors was reported earlier. (vetsci.org)
• We generated a panel of Brucella lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific mAbs by immunising mice with inactivated B. melitensis and B. abortus cells. (unibas.ch)

Bacterium2

• Here, with the support of a recently awarded $458,000 National Institutes of Health grant, Caswell studies the elusive activities of a bacterium called Brucella. (healthcanal.com)
• With this latest grant, we will examine the unique genetic circuitry of Brucella, and how it allows the bacterium to trick, invade, and live inside immune cells," said Caswell, an assistant professor of bacteriology in the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine and a Fralin Life Science Institute affiliate. (healthcanal.com)

Efficacy2

• therefore, it is necessary to know the efficacy of this vaccine under different field conditions. (scialert.net)
• DNA vaccine encoding molecular chaperone GroEL of Edwardsiella tarda confers protective efficacy against edwardsiellosis. (semanticscholar.org)

Efficacious3

• We hypothesize that in order for a vaccine to be efficacious, it must survive in the host. (openthesis.org)
• The development of an efficacious and safe vaccine for brucellosis has been a challenge for scientists for many years. (thefreelibrary.com)
• Despite being perhaps less efficacious, subunit vaccines may have safety advantages over live attenuated candidates. (hindawi.com)

Detection6

• A PCR assay using primers designed based on the gene that encodes a 31 KDa immunogenic protein from Brucella abortus was used in the detection of Brucella spp. (usp.br)
• Urine and milk samples were submitted to bacteriological culture and urine and PCR reactions for detection of Brucella spp. (bvsalud.org)
• Integration of the Luminex assay into a multiplex format enabled simultaneous detection of Brucella spp. (unibas.ch)
• The developed Luminex assay may be applied for the detection of whole Brucella cells both in natural Brucella outbreak and in bioterrorism attack scenarios. (unibas.ch)
• Detection of rotavirus before and after monovalent rotavirus vaccine introduction and vaccine effectiveness among children in mainland Tanzania. (bioportfolio.com)
• Molecular detection of Brucella spp. (academicjournals.org)

Proteins4

• In this study, the outer membrane proteins (Omps) of Brucella melitensis 152, 183 and 293 of local isolates were extracted and characterized using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). (upm.edu.my)
• We also tried to generate mAbs against Brucella cell surface proteins from mice immunised with inactivated whole Brucella cells. (unibas.ch)
• however, identification of the recognised proteins with a Brucella-specific peptide microarray failed. (unibas.ch)
• Currently, these investigators ( 44 ) are evaluating the proteomic expression of Brucella to identify the bacterial proteins expressed in vitro. (asm.org)

Protein4

• The SciMiner tool, originally designed for detecting mammalian gene/protein names in text, was extended to identify host and Brucella gene/protein names in the abstracts. (frontiersin.org)
• Brucella outer membrane protein 2b (Omp2b) is a 36 kD porin existed in common Brucella pathogens and it is considered as priority antigen for designing a new subunit vaccine. (bvsalud.org)
• In the current study, we aimed to predict and analyze the secondary and tertiary structures of the Brucella abortus Omp2b protein, and to predict T-cell and B-cell epitopes with the help of bioinformatics tools. (bvsalud.org)
• Our results indicate that Omp2b protein has a potential to induce both B-cell- and T-cell-mediated immune responses and it can be evaluated as a new subunit vaccine candidate against brucellosis. (bvsalud.org)

Bovine brucellosis2

• Brucella abortus vaccines play a central role in bovine brucellosis control/eradication programs and have been successfully used worldwide for decades. (beds.ac.uk)
• In this paper, we present a review of the main aspects of the vaccines that have been used in the bovine brucellosis control and eradication over the years and some of the current advances in the research for a new B. abortus vaccine. (beds.ac.uk)

Live vaccine2

• A live vaccine containing attenuated poliovirus, types I, II, and III, grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture, used for routine immunization of children against polio. (bioportfolio.com)
• For decades, a live vaccine has been successfully used in risk groups but is presently not available due to difficulties in standardisation. (ersjournals.com)

Pathogenesis2

• Future studies to define the role of these secretion systems in Brucella intracellular survival will be necessary before we can understand the mechanisms of Brucella pathogenesis. (asm.org)
• As a specialist of bacterial pathogenesis, he is the one who characterized the replication niche of Brucella and also identified host partners of Salmonella effectors secreted by the type III secretion system. (elsevier.com)

Isolation6

• Confirmation of infected herd was carried out by isolation and identification of Brucella abortus colonies and PCR on milk samples from RT reactor animals. (scialert.net)
• Although bacterial isolation was used as reference, Brucella spp. (usp.br)
• Most of the data is based on sero-epidemiological studies although it is generally accepted that only the isolation of Brucella confirms the presence of brucellosis. (au-ibar.org)
• Diagnosis depends on the isolation of Brucella sp. (fao.org)
• This case represents the first report of isolation of a Brucella sp. (microbiologyresearch.org)
• Isolation of potentially novel Brucella spp. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Mutants1

• Genetic trans-complementation using a plasmid-based expression of Brucella manBA successfully restored O-polysaccharide expression in only one-third of O-polysaccharide deficient spontaneous mutants. (frontiersin.org)

Subunit1

• Delineation of the immune mechanisms responsible for vaccine-induced protection may focus subunit vaccine development by suggesting potential immune correlates and adjuvants tailored to evoke a desired response. (hindawi.com)

Seroprevalence of Brucella spp2

• The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella spp. (intechopen.com)
• We determined the seroprevalence of Brucella spp. (who.int)

Protective4

• Based on these results, we conclude that i.s. immunization with pcDNA-SOD vaccine efficiently induced a Th1 type of immune response and a protective response that could be related to IFN-γ production and cytotoxic activity against infected cells by SOD-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, respectively. (asm.org)
• The exact mechanism for protective ability of this candidate vaccine has been poorly understood. (thefreelibrary.com)
• Therefore, the identification of Brucella cellular components which contribute to the induction of protective responses in the host will be an important step in designing improved vaccines. (asm.org)
• Total B. abortus S544 counts in the spleen of each animal collected on the 7th day of challenge was determined to evaluate the protective index (PI) of anti- Brucella serum by statistical analysis. (veterinaryworld.org)

Immune7

• However, is expected that vaccination against Brucella should elicit a CTL response, since it is related to the development of a Th1-type immune response ( 16 ). (asm.org)
• Similarities, but also significant differences, were found regarding the immune response induced by the three vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
• Brucella -specific immune serum was raised in mice. (veterinaryworld.org)
• The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of an HIV vaccine (Remune) on the immune system. (bioportfolio.com)
• This study will test the safety of and immune system response to a new HIV vaccine. (bioportfolio.com)
• Some parents are concerned that multiple vaccines in early childhood could weaken their child's immune system. (bioportfolio.com)
• This can include administration of immunopotentiating agents such as BCG vaccine and Corynebacterium parvum as well as biological response modifiers such as interferons, interleukins, and colony-stimulating factors in order to directly stimulate the immune system. (bioportfolio.com)

Clinical3

• Thank you for sharing this Clinical and Vaccine Immunology article. (asm.org)
• Message Body (Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. (asm.org)
• Together these characteristics indicate that the Brucella IgM and IgG flow assays are ideal for use in clinical settings in rural and suburban areas in which brucellosis is endemic. (asm.org)

Immunization3

• Active immunization where vaccine is administered for therapeutic or preventive purposes. (bioportfolio.com)
• The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends routine vaccination of persons aged 11-12 years with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine. (bioportfolio.com)
• A Retrospective Study of the Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine-13 Immunization in a Northern Israel Hospital. (medworm.com)

Infects1

• Each year, Brucella infects approximately 500,000 people worldwide. (healthcanal.com)

Assay4

• Effectiveness of Rose Bengal test and fluorescence polarization assay in the diagnosis of Brucella spp. (springer.com)
• Two mAbs were implemented into a bead-based Luminex assay detecting 'smooth' Brucella spp. (unibas.ch)
• The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive immunological assay to detect all Brucellae with 'smooth' LPS, particularly B. melitensis and B. abortus . (biomedcentral.com)
• Additionally, the Luminex assay works in a multiplex format, simultaneously detecting four category A and B bacterial bioterrorism agents and is suitable for detecting Brucella in complex samples. (biomedcentral.com)

Identification of Brucella2

• Identification of Brucella spp. (medworm.com)
• Use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for rapid confirmatory identification of Brucella isolates. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Isolates1

• In order to place the isolate more accurately, a multilocus sequencing approach was applied, which confirmed that the isolate represented a novel member of the emerging 'atypical' Brucella group, which includes isolates from human disease, from rodents and, more recently, reported isolations from frogs in Germany. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Pathogenicity1

• He is a leader in studies of Brucella and Salmonella pathogenicity. (elsevier.com)

Serological1

• This section provides a summary of identification, serological and other tests, vaccines and diagnostic biologicals drawn from Chapter 2.3.1 of the OIE Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines (OIE, 2000). (fao.org)

Diagnostic tests3

• Whilst this information is provided by experts, we advise that users seek veterinary advice where appropriate and check OIE manuals for recent changes to regulations, diagnostic tests, vaccines and treatments. (au-ibar.org)
• Please see the AHPC library for further information on this disease from OIE, including the International Animal Health Code and the Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines. (au-ibar.org)
• This is an essential step for the design of new diagnostic tests and vaccines. (healthcanal.com)

Biovar1

• pour les trois, le biotype a été déterminé comme étant Brucella melitensis biovar 3. (who.int)