Brucella canis
Brucella
Brucellosis
Dog Diseases
Brucella abortus
Brucella melitensis
Toxocara canis
Agglutination Tests
Dogs
Ehrlichia canis
Brucella Vaccine
Human infection with M- strain of Brucella canis. (1/24)
The less mucoid strain of Brucella canis or M- strain is used for the serologic diagnosis of canine brucellosis. While this strain is avirulent in dogs, we report the case of clinical brucellosis that developed in a laboratory worker a few days after handling live M- cells for antigen production. (+info)Diagnosis of human brucellosis caused by Brucella canis. (2/24)
The transmission of Brucella canis to man commonly occurs through contact with infected dogs or their secretions, or through direct laboratory exposure. The disease is underdiagnosed due to a general lack of serological testing facilities and misconceptions concerning its prevalence. This report shows the potential use of an indirect ELISA (IELISA) for the diagnosis of human brucellosis caused by B. canis in a population of patients negative by smooth-Brucella antigen tests but positive by rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT). One hundred and ten sera from asymptomatic people found negative by tests using smooth Brucella abortus antigen and by RSAT showed an IELISA specificity of 100 % when a cut-off value of 27 % positivity (%P) was selected. For 17 sera from patients with positive B. canis culture or in close contact with culture-positive dogs, the IELISA sensitivity was 100 % with the same cut-off value. The positive patients presented clinical symptoms similar to brucellosis caused by other species of Brucella and some of them received antibiotic treatment and made good progress. Using this cut-off value, we studied 35 patients with negative blood cultures but positive RSATs, and IELISA detected 18 as positive; of the 17 IELISA-negative, two were RSAT-positive at dilution 1 : 2 and 15 were weakly positive with pure serum. These samples were probably from patients at an early stage of infection or indicate false-positive results. No cross-reaction was observed among the sera from nine cases with a diagnosis other than brucellosis, but cross-reactivity was evident in sera from patients infected with smooth-Brucella species. Since routine brucellosis diagnosis does not include B. canis investigation, infection with this species may be more widespread than is currently suspected. The RSAT could be a suitable screening test for the diagnosis of B. canis human brucellosis, and a supplementary technique, such as IELISA, performed on all positive RSAT samples that were negative by B. abortus antigen could ensure diagnostic specificity and confirm the diagnosis. (+info)Unusual clinical presentation of brucellosis caused by Brucella canis. (3/24)
Brucella canis is considered a rare cause of human brucellosis. The clinical importance of this infection may have been underestimated so far because of difficulties with presumptive diagnosis. The case described here presented symptoms compatible with brucellosis but the routine tests using Brucella abortus antigen were negative. The infection would have remained undiagnosed if culture had not been positive. This case illustrates the potential for a favourable outcome in Brucella canis diagnosis and supports recommendations for the use of B. canis serology. The infection should be suspected in patients with compatible symptoms and negative serology for B. abortus antigen. (+info)Detection of Brucella canis and Leptospira interrogans in canine semen by multiplex nested PCR. (4/24)
Brucella canis and Leptospira interrogans are pathogenic bacteria that cause brucellosis and leptospirosis in dogs around the world. Both diseases can be diagnosed serologically, but the direct detection of these organisms in canine semen is needed when it is used for artificial reproduction. We have been attempting the artificial reproduction of guide dogs for greater breeding efficiency and for this purpose have developed a multiplex nested PCR technique for the detection of B. canis and L. interrogans in the semen and cryoprotective agent (CPA). Our results demonstrated the high sensitivity and simplicity of this technique in the detection of these organisms in canine semen and that will be useful in routine diagnosis. Since they have been found to stay alive in canine semen and CPA up to 48 hr, canine semen for breeding purposes should be checked for contamination by the PCR assay. (+info)Investigation of the spread of Brucella canis via the U.S. interstate dog trade. (5/24)
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to illustrate and help address a growing need for regulatory or molecular tools to track and control the spread of canine brucellosis. Our study objectives were to first characterize Brucella canis outbreaks in Wisconsin kennels in the context of the dog trade in the USA, and then to identify a molecular technique that may be useful for strain differentiation of B. canis isolates. METHODS: Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (WVDL) B. canis serology data from 1995 to 2005 were reviewed, three canine brucellosis outbreaks in Wisconsin dog kennels were investigated, and eight B. canis isolates recovered from Wisconsin outbreaks and kennels in Missouri and Arkansas and four isolates received from outside sources were subjected to ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), outer membrane protein analysis (OMPA), and cellular fatty acid profiling (CFAP). RESULTS: WVDL has received increasing numbers of B. canis positive samples from Wisconsin kennels, and Wisconsin outbreaks are associated with the interstate dog trade. All of the B. canis isolates we examined were genetically homogenous and as such could not be differentiated by ribotyping, PFGE and OMPA. However, dendrogram analysis of CFAP divided the isolates into two groups, indicating that CFAP methyl ester analysis has discriminatory power. CONCLUSIONS: CFAP methyl ester analysis has promise as a tool for epidemiological tracing of B. canis outbreaks and will be useful in comparison studies as isolation of B. canis continues to expand globally. (+info)A rapid agglutination assay for canine brucellosis using antigen coated beads. (6/24)
Brucella canis is the causative agent of canine brucellosis and facultative intracellular pathogen. The diagnosis of canine brucellosis is based on bacteriological examination and serological methods including agglutination and gel diffusion tests. In this study, crude antigens were extracted from B. canis using hot saline, coated on to latex beads and their usefulness in the serological diagnosis of canine brucellosis was examined. Mixing the antigen coated latex beads with the sera of dogs infected with B. canis produced clear agglutination, but this was not so for B. canis free dog sera. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the crude hot saline extracts, showed that they contained copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, ribose ABC transporter and hypothetical protein of Brucella as antigens. A serological survey of canine serum samples conducted by means of an agglutination test using the antigen coated latex beads, showed that this method was more specific than the tube agglutination test using whole bacterial cell antigens. Although these results suggest that our method in which crude hot saline extracted antigens are coated on to latex beads would be useful in the serological diagnosis of canine brucellosis, we need further investigation using more serum samples to confirm the usefulness of our method. (+info)Evaluation of immunochromatographic assay for serodiagnosis of Brucella canis. (7/24)
Canine brucellosis is a contagious disease with venereal and oral modes of transmission that produces late abortion in females, epididymides and prostates in males. Diagnosis is difficult because of unstable serum antibody titers that vary from individual to individual as well as between different methods used for their detection. The objective of this work was to evaluate the clinical utility of the immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for serodiagnosis of dogs suspected of having brucellosis, and results were compared with those obtained for hemoculture (HC) and the rapid screening agglutination with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME RSAT). The all experimentally infected dogs were positive in ICA, HC and 2-ME RSAT from 5 weeks, 7 weeks, and 3 weeks after infection, respectively. Also, among dogs selected from 10 different breed kennels occurred brucellosis, 24.8%, 39.5% and 39.1% of dogs tested were detected as positive with HC, 2-ME RSAT and ICA, respectively. The kappa value between 2-ME RSAT and ICA was 0.89. The results of this study showed that sensitivity and specificity of the ICA are comparable with those obtained using conventional serological and bacteriological test for brucellosis. In conclusion, the ICA kit provides a handy and accurate tool for the rapid serodiagnosis of canine brucellosis. (+info)Evaluation of a microplate agglutination test (MAT) for serological diagnosis of canine brucellosis. (8/24)
A microplate agglutination test (MAT) was compared with the tube agglutinin test (TAT), a standard test for the diagnosis of Brucella canis, in terms of the sensitivity and specificity. The results showed that MAT was more sensitive, simpler to perform and easier to read the results than TAT. On top of that the MAT allows us to handle a larger number of samples at once. Using this method we conducted sero-surveillance of the prevalence of B. canis in dogs kept in an Animal Shelter located in Kanagawa Prefecture. Twelve of 485 (2.5%) showed seropositive against B. canis. These results indicate that B. canis infection in dogs is still occurring in Japan. (+info)Brucellosis is a bacterial infection caused by the Brucella species of bacteria. It is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. The bacteria can be found in the milk, urine, and reproductive fluids of infected animals, such as cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, and dogs. The symptoms of brucellosis can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the part of the body that is affected. Common symptoms include fever, sweats, headache, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, and weakness. In some cases, the infection can also cause more serious complications, such as meningitis, endocarditis (inflammation of the heart valves), and arthritis. Brucellosis is diagnosed through blood tests, cultures of blood or other body fluids, and imaging tests such as X-rays or ultrasounds. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics, which can be given for several weeks or months depending on the severity of the infection. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary. Prevention of brucellosis involves avoiding contact with infected animals and their products, practicing good hygiene, and cooking meat thoroughly. Vaccination of animals is also an important measure to prevent the spread of the disease.
In the medical field, "dog diseases" refers to any illness or condition that affects dogs. These diseases can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, infections, environmental factors, and lifestyle. Some common examples of dog diseases include: 1. Canine Influenza: A highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus. 2. Canine Distemper: A highly contagious viral disease that affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems. 3. Canine Leukemia: A type of cancer that affects the white blood cells. 4. Canine Hip Dysplasia: A genetic disorder that affects the development of the hip joint. 5. Canine Heartworm: A parasitic disease that affects the heart and blood vessels. 6. Canine Cancers: A group of diseases that affect the body's cells and tissues. 7. Canine Arthritis: A joint disease that causes inflammation and pain. 8. Canine Allergies: A condition in which the immune system overreacts to certain substances, such as pollen or food. 9. Canine Eye Diseases: A group of conditions that affect the eyes, including cataracts, glaucoma, and retinal detachment. 10. Canine Skin Diseases: A group of conditions that affect the skin, including allergies, mange, and acne. These are just a few examples of the many diseases that can affect dogs. It is important for pet owners to be aware of the common diseases that affect their dogs and to take steps to prevent and treat them.
Brucella vaccine is a type of vaccine used to prevent brucellosis, a bacterial infection caused by the Brucella species. The vaccine is typically administered to animals, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, to prevent the spread of the infection to humans through the consumption of contaminated animal products. There are several types of Brucella vaccines available, including live attenuated vaccines, killed vaccines, and subunit vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines contain a weakened form of the bacteria that is still capable of causing an immune response in the animal, but is not able to cause disease. Killed vaccines contain bacteria that have been killed through heat or chemicals, and are also capable of triggering an immune response. Subunit vaccines contain specific parts of the bacteria that are used to stimulate an immune response. In humans, Brucella vaccine is typically used to prevent the spread of the infection to healthcare workers who may be exposed to the bacteria through their work. The vaccine is given as a series of injections, and can provide protection for several years. However, it is important to note that the vaccine is not 100% effective, and individuals who receive the vaccine may still be at risk of contracting brucellosis.
Antibodies, Bacterial are proteins produced by the immune system in response to bacterial infections. They are also known as bacterial antibodies or bacterial immunoglobulins. These antibodies are specific to bacterial antigens, which are molecules found on the surface of bacteria that trigger an immune response. When the immune system detects a bacterial infection, it produces antibodies that bind to the bacterial antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells. This helps to neutralize the bacteria and prevent them from causing harm to the body. Bacterial antibodies can be detected in the blood or other bodily fluids using laboratory tests. These tests are often used to diagnose bacterial infections and to monitor the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments.
Brucella canis
Dog health
Brucella
Αr7 RNA
List of MeSH codes (B03)
Αr45 RNA
Αr14 RNA
Αr9 RNA
Αr15 RNA
Brucella abortus
Brucella suis
Brucellosis
Biovar
Parasites and pathogens of wolves
List of infectious diseases
Wolf hunting
List of vaccine topics
United States biological weapons program
Human Infection with M- Strain of Brucella canis - Volume 10, Number 1-January 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Brucella canis: Brucellosis in other animals - in FOCUS
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- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
Brucellosis12
- The less mucoid strain of Brucella canis or M- strain is used for the serologic diagnosis of canine brucellosis. (cdc.gov)
- Brucella canis is the causative agent of canine brucellosis, which causes contagious abortion, orchiepididymitis, and uveitis. (cdc.gov)
- Taking into account the unprotected exposure to B. canis M-, brucellosis was suspected, and blood samples were drawn for culture and serologic studies. (cdc.gov)
- Three types of the bacteria that cause brucellosis - Brucella abortus , Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis - are designated as select agents. (cdc.gov)
- Interest in brucellosis has been increasing because of the growing phenomena of international tourism and migration, in addition to the potential use of Brucella as a biological weapon. (medscape.com)
- Brucellosis is a contagious disease caused by the bacterium brucellosis, specifically Brucella canis in dogs, which can result in infertility, abortions, and stillbirths. (akc.org)
- None of the exposed persons reported having previously had brucellosis or being unintentionally inoculated with Brucella vaccine. (cdc.gov)
- Editorial Note: Brucellosis, also known as 'undulant fever' or 'Bangs disease,' is a systemic infection caused by Brucella sp. (cdc.gov)
- Although brucellosis is mainly a bacterial disease of animals, several species of Brucella bacteria are known to cause disease in humans. (medscape.com)
- Bacteria of the genus Brucella are the causative agents of brucellosis, a worldwide zoonosis that affects a broad range of mammals, including livestock and humans. (mgc.ac.cn)
- Secara medis, bisa jadi induk anjing tadi menderita brucellosis yang merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri brucella canis. (enigmablogger.com)
- Brucellosis is caused by Brucella species, which are gram-negative bacteria. (msdmanuals.com)
Abortus10
- In contrast to other Brucella species, which are pathogenic for humans ( B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis ) and yield smooth colonies, B. canis colonies are naturally rough. (cdc.gov)
- Brucella is a genus of Gram-negative coccobacilli, and it groups together several species including Brucella abortus , Brucella melitensis, Brucella canis and Brucella suis. (osmosis.org)
- So, B. abortus is transmitted by cattle, B. melitensis is transmitted by small ruminants such as goats and sheep, B. canis is transmitted by dogs and B. suis is transmitted by swine and rodents. (osmosis.org)
- On May 26-27, 1997, nine persons (a farmer, four veterinary clinicians, and four veterinary students) in Manhattan, Kansas, participated in an attempted vaginal delivery, a cesarean delivery, and a necropsy on a stillborn calf that died because of Brucella abortus infection. (cdc.gov)
- small Gram-negative coccobacilli that can infect cattle (infection with B. abortus), goats and sheep (B. melitensis), pigs (B. suis), and dogs (B. canis). (cdc.gov)
- Brucella abortus biovar 1 str. (up.ac.za)
- Finally, people can become infected with Brucella RB51, a strain of B abortus that is used to vaccinate cattle in the United States and other parts of the world. (medscape.com)
- The genus Brucella consists of six classic species, designated on the basis of host preference, antigenic and biochemical characteristics as Brucella melitensis (goats and sheep), Brucella abortus (cattle), Brucella suis (pigs), Brucella canis (dogs), Brucella ovis (sheep) and Brucella neotomae (wood rats). (mgc.ac.cn)
- 2005. Completion of the genome sequence of Brucella abortus and comparison to the highly similar genomes of Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis . (mgc.ac.cn)
- 2008. Genome sequence of Brucella abortus vaccine strain S19 compared to virulent strains yields candidate virulence genes. (mgc.ac.cn)
Suis2
- 2002. The Brucella suis genome reveals fundamental similarities between animal and plant pathogens and symbionts. (mgc.ac.cn)
- Generally, B. melitensis and B. suis are more pathogenic than other Brucella species. (msdmanuals.com)
Bacteria6
- A new government risk assessment updated on Monday (18 September) found 97 dogs had tested positive for the Brucella canis bacteria in the year to June, largely linked to pets brought in from overseas. (scotsman.com)
- How is the Brucella canis bacteria affecting dogs in the UK? (scotsman.com)
- The number of dogs who have tested positive for the Brucella canis bacteria has been steadily rising since 2020 - largely linked to pets being brought in from overseas. (scotsman.com)
- Now, Brucella it's a non-motile bacteria that doesn't form spores. (osmosis.org)
- Now, Brucella is a very slow growing bacteria, so colonies usually grow in the solid medium after 6 to 8 weeks of incubation. (osmosis.org)
- Canine brucellose is caused by the brucella canis bacteria. (monvet.com)
Infection7
- We report a clinical and immunologic study of a human infection by the B. canis M- strain that shows that this strain can produce human disease similar to that produced by wild-type B. canis . (cdc.gov)
- Exposure to most species of Brucella , such as those associated with certain types of animals, could potentially lead to infection. (cdc.gov)
- The epidemiological investigation did not identify the source of the infection , given the time elapsed from the onset of abortions to the definitive diagnosis of B. canis infection in the kennel. (bvsalud.org)
- The lack of updated data on B. canis genome sequences in the public databases, together with the limited information retrieved from the epidemiological investigations on the outbreak, hampered identification of the source of B. canis infection . (bvsalud.org)
- A Brucella infection in dogs is considered very difficult to treat, and may never be fully cured. (scotsman.com)
- Young dogs presenting with recurring lameness or back pain should be screened for B canis infection. (avma.org)
- However, B canis and Brucella RB51 won't show up on serology, so culture is needed to confirm the infection. (medscape.com)
Zoonotic3
- This project evaluated the prevalence and distribution of the zoonotic bacterium Brucella canis in breeding dogs in Ontario. (oahn.ca)
- Brucella canis can devastate a kennel, and it is zoonotic, meaning it can infect humans too. (akc.org)
- Brucella canis is a zoonotic bacterial pathogen of dogs that is notoriously difficult to diagnose and treat. (avma.org)
20222
- The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) says there have been three cases of humans becoming infected with Brucella canis since 2022. (scotsman.com)
- Diagnostic records from the Animal Health Diagnostic Center at Cornell University were retrospectively reviewed (2017-2022) for dogs that underwent repeat B canis serologic testing. (avma.org)
Species7
- Two weeks later blood cultures indicated a Brucella species that was later typed as B. canis . (cdc.gov)
- First, there may be direct contact with infected animals - and the host is different for each Brucella species. (osmosis.org)
- Because the diagnostic test and treatment vary, it is important to identify whether a patient is infected with Brucella , and if so, which [species of] Brucella is causing disease. (medscape.com)
- Each species of Brucella has distinct risk factors. (medscape.com)
- Most clinical diagnostic laboratories are able to run serologic tests, which detect an antibody response to most of the Brucella species. (medscape.com)
- Two new brucella species, provisionally called B. pinnipediae and B. cetaceae , have been isolated from marine hosts within the past few years. (mgc.ac.cn)
- 2011. Interactions of the human pathogenic Brucella species with their hosts. (mgc.ac.cn)
Bacterium1
- While B. canis has typically been considered to be a rare bacterium in Ontario, mainly associated with imported dogs, this investigation was started in response to identification of a potential problem with B. canis in commercial dog breeding kennels in southwestern Ontario. (oahn.ca)
Gram-negative coccobacilli2
- Brucellae are aerobic gram-negative coccobacilli that possess a unique ability to invade both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells and to survive in the intracellular environment by finding ways to avoid the immune system. (medscape.com)
- Brucella is a gram-negative coccobacilli that can infect humans and animals. (osmosis.org)
Humans2
- Humans can become infected with B canis when an infected pet dog is brought into their home. (avma.org)
- Although less common in humans, B canis is found in dogs all over the world, including the United States, and generally causes mild illness in people. (medscape.com)
Virulence factors1
- However, Brucella has a few virulence factors that it uses to avoid destruction. (osmosis.org)
Infections2
- Therefore, serologic tests that use suspensions of smooth brucellae are not useful in diagnosing B. canis infections ( 2 ) . (cdc.gov)
- B. canis (from dogs) has caused sporadic infections. (msdmanuals.com)
Canine1
- Our objectives were to describe the clinical presentation and outcomes in dogs treated for B canis and evaluate the performance of the quantitative serologic canine Brucella multiplex (CBM) assay for monitoring treatment response. (avma.org)
Genome2
Serologic1
- Since suspensions of wild-type B. canis tend to aggregate even in the absence of specific antibodies, a less mucoid variant termed M-, which does not produce autoagglutination is used for serologic diagnosis ( 3 ) . (cdc.gov)
Abortions1
- Brucella organisms, which are small aerobic intracellular coccobacilli, localize in the reproductive organs of host animals, causing abortions and sterility. (medscape.com)
Multiplex1
- The isolates were identified as B. canis by standard microbiological methods and a Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR . (bvsalud.org)
Kennel2
- First Isolation of Brucella canis from a breeding kennel in Italy. (bvsalud.org)
- Brucella canis has been isolated for the first time in Italy in a commercial breeding kennel. (bvsalud.org)
Blood cultures2
- Blood cultures performed 2 weeks after antimicrobial therapy ended were negative for B. canis . (cdc.gov)
- Brucella is usually isolated on blood cultures, with biphasic methods like the Ruiz-Castaneda methods. (osmosis.org)
Biological1
- While he continues to handle B. canis M-, cultures are now performed under strict biological safety measures (biological safety cabinet, personal protection including goggles, gloves and mask, and autoclaving of contaminated material). (cdc.gov)
Risks3
- The UK's chief veterinary officer, Dr Christine Middlemiss, said: "We take the risks posed by Brucella canis very seriously and require all cases to be reported to the Animal Plant Health Agency. (scotsman.com)
- We continue to work closely with our colleagues at [the UK Health Security Agency], dog welfare groups and vets to minimise the risks posed and recommend prospective owners make sure any dog imported from regions where Brucella canis is present is tested before arrival. (scotsman.com)
- Further prospective studies are needed to determine the ideal B canis treatment regimen and the magnitude of public health risks associated with maintaining neutered B canis- infected animals as pets. (avma.org)
Agglutination2
Prospective1
- If considering importing a dog into the UK (or rescuing a dog that has been imported) we recommend prospective owners ensure testing for other diseases including Brucella canis is carried out before the movement takes place. (scotsman.com)
Cases1
- Although acquired outside the United States, these cases are not diagnosed until after the patient has returned home, due to the long incubation period for Brucella . (medscape.com)
Person1
- But what is the risk of a person picking up Brucella canis, and how safe are dogs at home? (scotsman.com)
Spread1
- The spread of B. canis beyond the tested region will also hopefully be explored. (oahn.ca)
Human1
- Brucella can gain entry into the human body through breaks in the skin, mucous membranes, conjunctivae, and respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. (medscape.com)