Bronchoconstriction
Airway Resistance
Bronchi
Bronchial Provocation Tests
Methacholine Chloride
A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)
Histamine
Methacholine Compounds
Guinea Pigs
Ipratropium
Vagotomy
Neurokinin A
Prostaglandins D
Bronchial Hyperreactivity
Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.
Asthma
Administration, Inhalation
Benzeneacetamides
Cromolyn Sodium
Aerosols
Forced Expiratory Volume
Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.
Nedocromil
Bronchodilator Agents
Albuterol
Lung
Receptors, Neurokinin-2
Vagus Nerve
The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).
Thromboxane A2
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Tachykinins
A family of biologically active peptides sharing a common conserved C-terminal sequence, -Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is either an aromatic or a branched aliphatic amino acid. Members of this family have been found in mammals, amphibians, and mollusks. Tachykinins have diverse pharmacological actions in the central nervous system and the cardiovascular, genitourinary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, as well as in glandular tissues. This diversity of activity is due to the existence of three or more subtypes of tachykinin receptors.
SRS-A
A group of LEUKOTRIENES; (LTC4; LTD4; and LTE4) that is the major mediator of BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; HYPERSENSITIVITY; and other allergic reactions. Earlier studies described a "slow-reacting substance of ANAPHYLAXIS" released from lung by cobra venom or after anaphylactic shock. The relationship between SRS-A leukotrienes was established by UV which showed the presence of the conjugated triene. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Respiratory Function Tests
Muscle, Smooth
Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Neprilysin
Enzyme that is a major constituent of kidney brush-border membranes and is also present to a lesser degree in the brain and other tissues. It preferentially catalyzes cleavage at the amino group of hydrophobic residues of the B-chain of insulin as well as opioid peptides and other biologically active peptides. The enzyme is inhibited primarily by EDTA, phosphoramidon, and thiorphan and is reactivated by zinc. Neprilysin is identical to common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA Antigen), an important marker in the diagnosis of human acute lymphocytic leukemia. There is no relationship with CALLA PLANT.
Indomethacin
Trachea
Atropine
Substance P
Respiratory System
Propranolol
Prostaglandin D2
Double-Blind Method
Allergens
Serotonin
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
Acetylcholine
Muscle Contraction
Interleukin-8 receptor modulates IgE production and B-cell expansion and trafficking in allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation. (1/493)
We examined the role of the interleukin-8 (IL-8) receptor in a murine model of allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation using mice with a targeted deletion of the murine IL-8 receptor homologue (IL-8r-/-). Wild-type (Wt) and IL-8r-/- mice were systemically immunized to ovalbumin (OVA) and were exposed with either single or multiple challenge of aerosolized phosphate-buffered saline (OVA/PBS) or OVA (OVA/OVA). Analysis of cells recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) revealed a diminished recruitment of neutrophils to the airway lumen after single challenge in IL-8r-/- mice compared with Wt mice, whereas multiply challenged IL-8r-/- mice had increased B cells and fewer neutrophils compared with Wt mice. Both Wt and IL-8r-/- OVA/OVA mice recruited similar numbers of eosinophils to the BAL fluid and exhibited comparable degrees of pulmonary inflammation histologically. Both total and OVA-specific IgE levels were greater in multiply challenged IL-8r-/- OVA/OVA mice than in Wt mice. Both the IL-8r-/- OVA/OVA and OVA/PBS mice were significantly less responsive to methacholine than their respective Wt groups, but both Wt and IL-8r mice showed similar degrees of enhancement after multiple allergen challenge. The data demonstrate that the IL-8r modulates IgE production, airway responsiveness, and the composition of the cells (B cells and neutrophils) recruited to the airway lumen in response to antigen. (+info)Beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism and bronchoprotective sensitivity with regular short- and long-acting beta2-agonist therapy. (2/493)
The aim of the present study was to investigate bronchoprotective sensitivity in patients receiving regular treatment with short- and long-acting beta2-agonists and to evaluate any possible association with genetic polymorphism. Thirty-eight patients with stable mild to moderate asthma and receiving inhaled corticosteroids were randomized in a parallel group, double-blind, double-dummy fashion to receive 2 weeks of treatment with either formoterol (12 microg once daily, 6 microg twice daily or 24 microg twice daily) or terbutaline (500 microg four times daily). Bronchoprotection against methacholine challenge (as a provocative dose to produce a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1.0 s: PD20) was measured at baseline (unprotected) after an initial 1 week run-in without beta2-agonist, and at 1 h after the first and last doses of each treatment. The PD20 values were log-transformed and calculated as change from baseline. Percentage desensitization of log PD20 for first- versus last-dose bronchoprotection was calculated and analysed according to effects of treatment and beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism at codon 16 or 27. The mean degree of desensitization for bronchoprotection was comparable with all four treatments and there were no significant differences in absolute PD20 values after 2 weeks of chronic dosing. The PD20 values were (as microg of methacholine, geometric means+/-S. E.M.): formoterol, 12 microg once daily, 99+/-42 microg; formoterol, 6 microg twice daily, 107+/-44 microg; formoterol, 24 microg twice daily, 108+/-45 microg; terbutaline, 500 microg four times daily, 88+/-37 microg. All patients receiving formoterol, 24 microg twice daily, exhibited a loss of protection greater than 30% which was unrelated to polymorphism at codon 16 or 27. For codon 16, the use of lower doses of formoterol (12 microg once daily or 6 microg twice daily) showed wider variability in the propensity for protection loss in patients who were heterozygous, in contrast to a more uniform protection loss seen with homozygous glycine patients. The amount of protection loss was not significantly related to polymorphism at codon 16 or 27, expressed as values (mean+/-S.E.M.) for percentage desensitization according to each genotype (pooled treatments): Gly-16, 66+/-11%; Het-16, 53+/-8%; Arg-16, 69+/-18%; Glu-27, 68+/-12%; Het-27, 58+/-8%; Gln-27, 52+/-12%. The results of this preliminary study showed that bronchoprotective desensitization occurred readily in response to short- or long-acting beta2-agonist exposure irrespective of beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism at codon 16 or 27. Further studies with larger patient numbers are required to further evaluate the effects of polymorphisms with lower doses of regular formoterol. (+info)Dose-response slope of forced oscillation and forced expiratory parameters in bronchial challenge testing. (3/493)
In population studies, the provocative dose (PD) of bronchoconstrictor causing a significant decrement in lung function cannot be calculated for most subjects. Dose-response curves for carbachol were examined to determine whether this relationship can be summarized by means of a continuous index likely to be calculable for all subjects, namely the two-point dose response slope (DRS) of mean resistance (Rm) and resistance at 10 Hz (R10) measured by the forced oscillation technique (FOT). Five doses of carbachol (320 microg each) were inhaled by 71 patients referred for investigation of asthma (n=16), chronic cough (n=15), nasal polyposis (n=8), chronic rhinitis (n=8), dyspnoea (n=8), urticaria (n=5), post-anaphylactic shock (n=4) and miscellaneous conditions (n=7). FOT resistance and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured in close succession. The PD of carbachol leading to a fall in FEV1 > or = 20% (PD20) or a rise in Rm or R10 > or = 47% (PD47,Rm and PD47,R10) were calculated by interpolation. DRS for FEV1 (DRSFEV1), Rm (DRSRm) and R10 (DRSR10) were obtained as the percentage change at last dose divided by the total dose of carbachol. The sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of DRSRm, DRS10 delta%Rm and delta%R10 in detecting spirometric bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR, fall in FEV1 > or = 20%) were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. There were 23 (32%) "spirometric" reactors. PD20 correlated strongly with DRSFEV1 (r=-0.962; p=0.0001); PD47,Rm correlated significantly with DRSRm (r=-0.648; p=0.0001) and PD47,R10 with DRSR10 (r=-0.552; p=0.0001). DRSFEV1 correlated significantly with both DRSRm (r=0.700; p=0.0001) and DRSR10 (r=0.784; p=0.0001). The Se and Sp of the various FOT indices to correctly detect spirometric BHR were as follows: DRSRm: Se=91.3%, Sp=81.2%; DRSR10: Se=91.3%, Sp=95.8%; delta%Rm: Se=86.9%, Sp=52.1%; and delta%R10: Se=91.3%, Sp=58.3%. Dose-response slopes of indices of forced oscillation technique resistance, especially the dose-response slope of resistance at 10Hz are proposed as simple quantitative indices of bronchial responsiveness which can be calculated for all subjects and that may be useful in occupational epidemiology. (+info)Exhaled and nasal NO levels in allergic rhinitis: relation to sensitization, pollen season and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. (4/493)
Exhaled nitric oxide is a potential marker of lower airway inflammation. Allergic rhinitis is associated with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. To determine whether or not nasal and exhaled NO concentrations are increased in allergic rhinitis and to assess the relation between hyperresponsiveness and exhaled NO, 46 rhinitic and 12 control subjects, all nonasthmatic nonsmokers without upper respiratory tract infection, were randomly selected from a large-scale epidemiological survey in Central Norway. All were investigated with flow-volume spirometry, methacholine provocation test, allergy testing and measurement of nasal and exhaled NO concentration in the nonpollen season. Eighteen rhinitic subjects completed an identical follow-up investigation during the following pollen season. Exhaled NO was significantly elevated in allergic rhinitis in the nonpollen season, especially in perennially sensitized subjects, as compared with controls (p=0.01), and increased further in the pollen season (p=0.04), mainly due to a two-fold increase in those with seasonal sensitization. Nasal NO was not significantly different from controls in the nonpollen season and did not increase significantly in the pollen season. Exhaled NO was increased in hyperresponsive subjects, and decreased significantly after methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, suggesting that NO production occurs in the peripheral airways. In allergic rhinitis, an increase in exhaled nitric oxide on allergen exposure, particularly in hyperresponsive subjects, may be suggestive of airway inflammation and an increased risk for developing asthma. (+info)Bradykinin-induced bronchospasm in the rat in vivo: a role for nitric oxide modulation. (5/493)
Bradykinin has an important role in asthma pathogenesis, but its site of action is unclear. It was previously reported by the authors that bradykinin causes a dose-dependent reduction in dynamic compliance but little change in total lung resistance. This suggested that bradykinin may have a preferential effect in the distant lung. The purpose of the current investigation was to better characterize the effects of bradykinin on pulmonary resistance in rodents and explore the role of nitric oxide release in modulating the effect of bradykinin. Airway constriction was induced in the rats by aerosol administration of bradykinin with or without treatments with the inhaled bradykinin-2 receptor antagonist, Hoe 140 or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester or N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine. Total lung resistance was partitioned into tissue and airway resistance by using the alveolar capsule method. Bradykinin induced a significant increase in both resistances. Hoe 140 abolished the response to bradykinin. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitors enhanced the bronchoconstricting response. In conclusion, the bradykinin response in the rats was not only localized to conducting airways but also involved a relatively selective tissue reaction. Bradykinin-induced bronchospasm in the rat is solely due to activation of bradykinin-2 receptor. Further, it was shown that nitric oxide significantly modulates the bronchospasm caused by bradykinin, suggesting that nitric oxide is an important modulator of airways responsiveness to bradykinin. (+info)Bronchoconstrictor effect of thrombin and thrombin receptor activating peptide in guinea-pigs in vivo. (6/493)
1. Several thrombin cellular effects are dependent upon stimulation of proteinase activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) localized over the cellular surface. Following activation by thrombin, a new N-terminus peptide is unmasked on PAR-1 receptor, which functions as a tethered ligand for the receptor itself. Synthetic peptides called thrombin receptor activating peptides (TRAPs), corresponding to the N-terminus residue unmasked, reproduce several thrombin cellular effects, but are devoid of catalytic activity. We have evaluated the bronchial response to intravenous administration of human alpha-thrombin or a thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP-9) in anaesthetized, artificially ventilated guinea-pigs. 2. Intravenous injection of thrombin (100 microkg(-1)) caused bronchoconstriction that was recapitulated by injection of TRAP-9 (1 mg kg(-1)). Animal pretreatment with the thrombin inhibitor Hirulog (10 mg kg(-1) i.v.) prevented thrombin-induced bronchoconstriction, but did not affect bronchoconstriction induced by TRAP-9. Both agents did not induce bronchoconstriction when injected intravenously to rats. 3. The bronchoconstrictor effect of thrombin and TRAP-9 was subjected to tolerance; however, in animals desensitized to thrombin effect, TRAP-9 was still capable of inducing bronchoconstriction, but not vice versa. 4. Depleting animals of circulating platelets prevented bronchoconstriction induced by both thrombin and TRAP-9. 5. Bronchoconstriction was paralleled by a biphasic change in arterial blood pressure, characterized by a hypotensive phase followed by a hypertensive phase. Thrombin-induced hypotension was not subject to tolerance and was inhibited by Hirulog; conversely, hypertension was subject to tolerance and was not inhibited by Hirulog. Hypotension and hypertension induced by TRAP-9 were neither subject to tolerance nor inhibited by Hirulog. 6. Our results indicate that thrombin causes bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs through a mechanism that requires proteolytic activation of its receptor and the exposure of the tethered ligand peptide. Platelet activation might be triggered by the thrombin effect. (+info)Pulmonary expression of interleukin-13 causes inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, subepithelial fibrosis, physiologic abnormalities, and eotaxin production. (7/493)
Interleukin (IL)-13 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced in large quantities by activated CD4(+) Th2 lymphocytes. To define further its potential in vivo effector functions, the Clara cell 10-kDa protein promoter was used to express IL-13 selectively in the lung, and the phenotype of the resulting transgenic mice was characterized. In contrast to transgene-negative littermates, the lungs of transgene-positive mice contained an inflammatory response around small and large airways and in the surrounding parenchyma. It was mononuclear in nature and contained significant numbers of eosinophils and enlarged and occasionally multinucleated macrophages. Airway epithelial cell hypertrophy, mucus cell metaplasia, the hyperproduction of neutral and acidic mucus, the deposition of Charcot-Leyden-like crystals, and subepithelial airway fibrosis were also prominently noted. Eotaxin protein and mRNA were also present in large quantities in the lungs of the transgene-positive, but not the transgene-negative, mice. IL-4, IL-5, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-5 were not similarly detected. Physiological evaluations revealed significant increases in baseline airways resistance and airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine in transgene-positive animals. Thus, the targeted pulmonary expression of IL-13 causes a mononuclear and eosinophilic inflammatory response, mucus cell metaplasia, the deposition of Charcot-Leyden-like crystals, airway fibrosis, eotaxin production, airways obstruction, and nonspecific AHR. IL-13 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of similar responses in asthma or other Th2-polarized tissue responses. (+info)Vascularity in asthmatic airways: relation to inhaled steroid dose. (8/493)
BACKGROUND: There is an increase in vascularity in the asthmatic airway. Although inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are an effective anti-inflammatory treatment in asthma, there are few data on any effects on structural changes. METHODS: Endobronchial biopsy specimens from seven asthmatic subjects not receiving ICS and 15 receiving 200-1500 microg/day beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) were immunohistochemically stained with an anti-collagen type IV antibody to outline the endothelial basement membrane of the vessels. These were compared with biopsy tissue from 11 non-asthmatic controls (four atopic and seven non-atopic). RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the density of vessels (number of vessels/mm2 of lamina propria) in the asthmatic subjects not on ICS compared with non-asthmatic controls (mean 485 (interquartile range (IQR) 390-597) versus 329 (IQR 248-376) vessels/mm2, p<0.05; 95% CI for the difference 48 to 286). There was no significant difference between asthmatic subjects on ICS and those not on ICS or control subjects in the number of vessels/mm2 (mean 421 (IQR 281-534)). However, patients who received >/=800 microg/day BDP tended to have a reduced number of vessels/mm2 compared with patients not on ICS and those receiving +info)
Methacholine Chloride
- Methacholine
Summary Report | CureHunter
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PTAB Denies Subsequent Challenge on Grounds Petitioner Reasonably Could Have Raised - Lexology
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PHYSIOLOGY OF COUGH IN ASTHMA: COMPARISON OF MECHANICAL RESPONSES TO MANNITOL AND HIGH-DOSE METHACHOLINE CHALLENGES
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English
List of MeSH codes (D27)
... bronchodilator agents MeSH D27.505.954.796.090 - antitussive agents MeSH D27.505.954.796.170 - bronchoconstrictor agents MeSH ... autonomic agents MeSH D27.505.696.663.050.030 - antiemetics MeSH D27.505.696.663.050.100 - bronchoconstrictor agents MeSH ... antiviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077 - anti-retroviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077.088 - anti-hiv agents MeSH ... tocolytic agents MeSH D27.505.954.016 - anti-allergic agents MeSH D27.505.954.122 - anti-infective agents MeSH D27.505.954.122. ...
Luteolysis
Danazol was described as a luteolytic agent. Cloprostenol is another example of such an agent. "Luteolysis - Google Search". ... Asthmatics should take great care when handling this hormone as PGF2α is bronchoconstrictor. During a pregnancy, the corpus ... Danazol as a luteolytic agent. Fertil Steril. 1978;29(1):23-5. PMID 620838 Bagnell, C. 2005. "Animal Reproduction". Rutgers ...
Capsaicin
There is also evidence that capsaicin may have evolved as an anti-fungal agent. The fungal pathogen Fusarium, which is known to ... Fuller, R. W., Dixon, C. M. S. & Barnes, P. J. (1985). "Bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled capsaicin in humans" J. Appl. ... Capsaicinoids are also an active ingredient in riot control and personal defense pepper spray agents. When the spray comes in ... "Field evaluation of capsaicin as a rodent aversion agent for poultry feed". Pest Management Science. 59 (9): 1007-1015. doi: ...
Quifenadine
... reduces the toxic effect of histamine, eliminates or weakens its bronchoconstrictor effect and spasmodic effect on ... Antiarrhythmic agents, Drugs in the Soviet Union, All stub articles, Respiratory system drug stubs). ...
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Cromolyn Sodium for Asthma: Uses, Side Effects, Dosage
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
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98 and protective effects against bronchoconstrictor agents 99, 100 in infants and preschool children treated with rapidly ... Anticholinergic agents. In the Cochrane Review it was concluded that inhaled ipratropium may be beneficial in older children ... Similarly, it is not known whether or not the causative agent of the initial episode plays a major role in determining long- ... Secondly, treatment (agents, dosages and delivery devices) differed considerably between studies. Thirdly, different outcome ...
DeCS
Bronchoconstrictor Agents Entry term(s). Agents, Bronchial-Constricting Agents, Bronchoconstrictor Bronchial Constricting ... Agents, Bronchial-Constricting. Agents, Bronchoconstrictor. Bronchial Constricting Agents. Bronchial-Constricting Agents. ... Bronchoconstrictor Agents - Preferred Concept UI. M0024569. Scope note. Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus ... Bronchoconstrictor Effects. Bronchoconstrictors. Effect, Bronchoconstrictor. Effects, Bronchoconstrictor. Tree number(s):. ...
Climate change, air pollution and extreme events leading to increasing prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases |...
... increased airway hyperreactivity to bronchoconstrictor agents and is related to an increased risk of asthma exacerbations in ... On the basis of epidemiological and laboratory studies, PM2.5 appears to be more potent agent for the development of ... as well as on climatic agents [8, 11-15]. Some air pollution-related episodes of rhinitis and asthma exacerbation are due to ...
Alan Fine, M.D. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Beta-arrestin-2 regulates the development of allergic asthma. | [email protected]
Airway Responses to Deep Inspiration in Asthma by Different Bronchial Challenge
The pathophysiologic features of asthma include exaggerated airway narrowing to bronchoconstrictor agents and attenuated ... Bronchial challenge tests may be used to assess airway reactions to specific allergens and other sensitizing agents and also to ... The principal features of asthmatic airways include exaggerated narrowing to bronchoconstrictor agonists and attenuated ... quantify non-allergic airway responsiveness to pharmacological agents such as methacholine or histamine. Two particular methods ...
Interactions between corticosteroids and β agonists | Thorax
... bronchoconstrictor stimuli afforded by single doses of a short acting drug during long term treatment with a long acting agent. ... Short acting β agonists are recommended for "as required" relief of asthma symptoms, whereas long acting agents are indicated ... the addition of a long acting agent results in greater improvements in symptoms and lung function than increasing the dose of ... the timing of exposure to the two agents may be of relevance in determining possible interactions. In contrast, in another ...
Elastic recoil pressure
Case: agents used to treat asthma. Class - Treating asthma - MedicalBrandNames
The Cys-LTl receptor is responsible for mediating the bronchoconstrictor activity of all leukotrienes. ... Case: agents used to treat asthma. Class. December 14, 2018. November 21, 2021. John BuducciTreating asthmaLeave a Comment on ... These agents bind specifically to the β2-adrenergic receptor and avoid the cardiovascular effects of β1-activation. ... Both agents are administered by inhalation and are effective in reducing both antigen and exercise-induced asthma. They are ...
MeSH Browser
Autonomic Agents [D27.505.696.663.050] * Antiemetics [D27.505.696.663.050.030] * Bronchoconstrictor Agents [D27.505.696.663. ... Parasympathetic-Blocking Agents Parasympatholytic Parasympatholytic Agent Parasympatholytic Agents Parasympatholytic Drug ... Anti-Ulcer Agents. Antiparkinson Agents. Muscarinic Antagonists. Muscle Relaxants, Central. Public MeSH Note. ANTISPASMODICS & ... Antispasmodic Agent Antispasmodic Agents Antispasmodic Drug Antispasmodic Drugs Antispasmodic Effect Antispasmodic Effects ...
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Cysteinyl leukotrienes asthma
... and ing agents including allergen,2 exercise,3 cold air,4 sulphur we report the first study in this model using a potent and ... was based largely on their release in human lung following antigen challenge as well as their potent bronchoconstrictor ... Cysteinyl leukotrienes contribute to the adenosine induced bronchoconstriction in asthma patients is bronchoconstrictor actions ...
Allergic and Environmental Asthma: Overview, Patient History, Differential Diagnosis
Newer biologic agents have entered the market in recent years. These include anti-eosinophilic agents (mepolizumab, reslizumab ... correlation between sputum eosinophils measured 7 and 24 hours after bronchoprovocation and early or late bronchoconstrictor ... Biologic Agents. Omalizumab (Xolair) was approved by the FDA in 2003 for use in adults and adolescents (≥12 years) with ... These agents have shown efficacy in patients with severe refractory asthma, with a favorable side effect profile. ...
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Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) - Pharmacology
Allergic Asthma: Symptoms and Treatment | World Allergy Organization
These advances have led to the development of small molecule therapeutics and biologic agents that may improve asthma care in ... which both release their own peptide mediators and stimulate reflex release of the bronchoconstrictor acetylcholine) and airway ... side effects to medications such as beta adrenergic blocking agents, bronchitis, and Churg-Strauss allergic granulomatosis can ... the development of asthma would be from randomized controlled interventions to specifically addressing the offending agent and ...
Allergic and Environmental Asthma: Overview, Patient History, Differential Diagnosis
Newer biologic agents have entered the market in recent years. These include anti-eosinophilic agents (mepolizumab, reslizumab ... correlation between sputum eosinophils measured 7 and 24 hours after bronchoprovocation and early or late bronchoconstrictor ... Biologic Agents. Omalizumab (Xolair) was approved by the FDA in 2003 for use in adults and adolescents (≥12 years) with ... These agents have shown efficacy in patients with severe refractory asthma, with a favorable side effect profile. ...
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Observation of Reduction of Nocturnal Asthma by an Inhaled Anticholinergic Drug
Nedocromil Inhalation Aerosol Side Effects, Uses & Warnings | ClusterMed.info
In humans, nedocromil sodium has been shown to inhibit acutely the bronchoconstrictor response to several kinds of challenge. ... PRECAUTIONS General: The role of Tilade (nedocromil inhalation aerosol) as a corticosteroid-sparing agent in patients receiving ... is an inhaled anti-inflammatory agent for the preventive management of asthma. Nedocromil sodium is a pyranoquinoline with the ...
Asthma Pathophysiology: Etiology and Risk
IgE becomes fixed to mast cells, which then react to antigens by releasing bronchoconstrictor mediators such as histamine. ... During acute attack many individuals carry inhalers so they can self administer bronchodilator, usually beta adrenergic agent ... Also it releases bronchoconstrictor mediators such as histamine and extra mucus. Besides, chronic inflammation damages the ...
Propofol Preferentially Relaxes Neurokinin Receptor-2-induced Airway Smooth Muscle Contraction in Guinea Pig Trachea |...
Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: ... Fuller RW, Dixon CM, Barnes PJ: Bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled capsaicin in humans. J Appl Physiol 1985; 58:1080-4 ... PROPOFOL is recognized as the preferred intravenous anesthetic agent in patients with reactive airway disease requiring ... Brown RH, Wagner EM: Mechanisms of bronchoprotection by anesthetic induction agents: Propofol versus ketamine. Anesthesiology ...
Action of Hormones on the Circulation | Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence (LPBI) Group
The endothelin antagonists have great potential as agents for use in the treatment of a wide spectrum of disease entities and ... ET-1 has a potent bronchoconstrictor effect. In animal models, intravenous ET-1 injection led to a dose-dependent increase in ... Thus, ET-1 antagonists are promising new agents. They have been shown to be effective in the management of primary pulmonary ... The observations raise the possibility that ET1 antagonists will serve as novel therapeutic agents in the control of restenosis ...
Antispasmodic Drugs1
- Because clinical studies effective in improving with your doctor before combining Sinemet observed in the to prostate cancer antispasmodic drugs, blood bronchoconstrictor response to rates in the clinical trials of another drug viagra online dr thom to acquire reflect the rates. (fneth.org)
Potent4
- Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory agents and reduce the production of inflammatory mediators and cause apoptosis of leukocytes and decrease vascular permeability. (medicalbrandnames.com)
- This speculation was based largely on their release in human lung following antigen challenge as well as their potent bronchoconstrictor activity. (web.app)
- PAF is the most potent agent known to increase vascular permeability. (pharmacy180.com)
- Aerosolized PAF is a potent bronchoconstrictor. (pharmacy180.com)
Mediators4
- The effects of mediator modifying drugs including atropine, indomethacin, pyrilamine (H1 antagonist), acivicin, NDGA, and BPB (which block segments of the arichidonic acid cascade),TMB8 (blocks intracellular calcium mobilization) capsaicin (depletes irritant nerve mediators) and captopril (ACE inhibitor) were tested by pre-treating the tissues with these agents. (cdc.gov)
- Use of long-acting agents produces the same relaxation in airway smooth muscles and also appears to decrease the release of mediators from mast cells and lymphocytes. (medicalbrandnames.com)
- IgE becomes fixed to mast cells, which then react to antigens by releasing bronchoconstrictor mediators such as histamine. (nursinganswers.net)
- Also it releases bronchoconstrictor mediators such as histamine and extra mucus. (nursinganswers.net)
Airway4
- The pathophysiologic features of asthma include exaggerated airway narrowing to bronchoconstrictor agents and attenuated relaxation to β-adrenoreceptor stimulation. (sch.ac.kr)
- Bronchial challenge tests may be used to assess airway reactions to specific allergens and other sensitizing agents and also to quantify non-allergic airway responsiveness to pharmacological agents such as methacholine or histamine. (sch.ac.kr)
- The less-than-expected increase in lung recoil that occurred with the increase in mean lung volume could have been caused by airway closure induced by bronchoconstrictor agents or by stress relaxation produced by the increased mean lung volume. (web.app)
- PROPOFOL is recognized as the preferred intravenous anesthetic agent in patients with reactive airway disease requiring intubation, an event that can induce irritant-mediated reflex bronchoconstriction. (asahq.org)
Agonists3
- Beta -adrenergic agonists, 2 inflammatory agents. (cdc.gov)
- Short acting β agonists are recommended for "as required" relief of asthma symptoms, whereas long acting agents are indicated as a supplement to anti-inflammatory therapy if breakthrough symptoms persist. (bmj.com)
- Since asthmatic subjects show an exaggerated bronchoconstrictor response to cholinergic agonists, it is possible that increased cholinergic tone at night might contribute to nocturnal asthma . (onlineasthmainhalers.com)
Bronchodilator2
- Oxitropium bromide is a recently developed anticholinergic agent which has a similar bronchodilator effect and duration of action to ipratropium bromide. (onlineasthmainhalers.com)
- A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. (ndclist.com)
Inflammatory3
- Bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory environmental irritants, viral infections, agents were the most common medications prescribed. (cdc.gov)
- Conclusions --The patient populations receiving care for asthma vary (anti-inflammatory agents) or open the depending on the ambulatory care setting. (cdc.gov)
- types of anti-inflammatory agents. (cdc.gov)
Response2
- The office visit rate in exaggerated broncho-constrictor the Northeast was almost 2.5 times that in the South, although the prevalence of response to many physical changes and chemical and pharmacologic agents. (cdc.gov)
- In humans, nedocromil sodium has been shown to inhibit acutely the bronchoconstrictor response to several kinds of challenge. (clustermed.info)
Pharmacologic1
- Pharmacologic asthma management includes the use of agents for control and agents for relief. (medscape.com)
Smooth muscle1
- We studied the effect of grain weevil extract (GWE) on isolated guinea pig trachea (GPT) smooth muscle in order to investigate the potential bronchoconstrictor properties of this organic agent. (cdc.gov)
Include1
- Medithin is one appropriate topical agents did not include free viagra online dr thom and may reduce or since in some effects of Norvasc established. (fneth.org)
Chemical1
- 2004. Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices. (cdc.gov)
Administration1
- These agents are available in metered-dose inhalers that produce fewer side effects than systemic administration. (medicalbrandnames.com)
Actions1
- Agents that inhibit the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. (nih.gov)
Long acting1
- The long-acting agents should not be used to reverse an acute attack. (medicalbrandnames.com)
Specifically1
- These agents bind specifically to the β 2 -adrenergic receptor and avoid the cardiovascular effects of β 1 -activation. (medicalbrandnames.com)
Treat1
- Case: agents used to treat asthma. (medicalbrandnames.com)
Stimuli2
- When spirometry is normal, but symptoms and the clinical history are suggestive of asthma, measurement of airway responsiveness using direct airway challenges to inhaled bronchoconstrictor stimuli or indirect challenges may help confirm a diagnosis of asthma. (knowyourasthma.com)
- 2012). The latter, released from eosinophils, can damage the epithelium and expose underlying sensory nerves, increasing sensitivity to bronchoconstrictor stimuli like histamine (Homma et al. (hormonessignaling.com)
Acetylcholine2
- In preclinical studies, it appears to inhibit vagally mediated reflexes by antagonising the action of acetylcholine, the transmitter agent released from the vagus nerve. (com.bd)
- Glycopyrronium inhibits the effect of acetylcholine, which is a bronchoconstrictor, on the smooth muscle cells of the airways, thereby dilating the airways. (diagnosisbook.com)
Prevalence1
- The office visit rate in exaggerated broncho-constrictor the Northeast was almost 2.5 times that in the South, although the prevalence of response to many physical changes and chemical and pharmacologic agents. (cdc.gov)
Aspirin2
- Patients with known aspirin sensitivity should continue to avoid aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents while taking SINGULAIR ( 5.4 ). (nih.gov)
- Patients with known aspirin sensitivity should continue avoidance of aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents while taking SINGULAIR. (themedidex.com)
Asthma3
- C3) Workplace exposure to an agent previously associated with occupational asthma using the Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics asthmagen criteria. (cdc.gov)
- Conclusions --The patient populations receiving care for asthma vary (anti-inflammatory agents) or open the depending on the ambulatory care setting. (cdc.gov)
- This activity outlines the significance, action, and current issues of concern for the beta-2 agonist as a valuable agent in managing bronchial asthma and COPD. (statpearls.com)
19801
- Other components of the cotton bract, including lacinilene C-7 methyl ether, have also been mentioned as possible etiologic agents (Kilburn 1980). (nih.gov)
Effects1
- The effects of mediator modifying drugs including atropine, indomethacin, pyrilamine (H1 antagonist), acivicin, NDGA, and BPB (which block segments of the arichidonic acid cascade),TMB8 (blocks intracellular calcium mobilization) capsaicin (depletes irritant nerve mediators) and captopril (ACE inhibitor) were tested by pre-treating the tissues with these agents. (cdc.gov)
Exposure1
- 2004. Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices. (cdc.gov)
Challenges1
- Salbutamoi relaxes all smooth muscle from the trachea to the terminal bronchioles and protects against all bronchoconstrictor challenges. (com.bd)
Anti-inflam1
- types of anti-inflammatory agents. (cdc.gov)
Prevent1
- Synthetic or natural substance which is given to prevent a disease or disorder or are used in the process of treating a disease or injury due to a poisonous agent. (mcw.edu)