Bronchoconstriction
Airway Resistance
Bronchi
Bronchial Provocation Tests
Methacholine Chloride
A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)
Histamine
Methacholine Compounds
Guinea Pigs
Ipratropium
Vagotomy
Neurokinin A
Prostaglandins D
Bronchial Hyperreactivity
Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.
Asthma
Administration, Inhalation
Benzeneacetamides
Cromolyn Sodium
Aerosols
Forced Expiratory Volume
Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.
Nedocromil
Bronchodilator Agents
Albuterol
Lung
Receptors, Neurokinin-2
Vagus Nerve
The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).
Thromboxane A2
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Tachykinins
A family of biologically active peptides sharing a common conserved C-terminal sequence, -Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is either an aromatic or a branched aliphatic amino acid. Members of this family have been found in mammals, amphibians, and mollusks. Tachykinins have diverse pharmacological actions in the central nervous system and the cardiovascular, genitourinary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, as well as in glandular tissues. This diversity of activity is due to the existence of three or more subtypes of tachykinin receptors.
SRS-A
A group of LEUKOTRIENES; (LTC4; LTD4; and LTE4) that is the major mediator of BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; HYPERSENSITIVITY; and other allergic reactions. Earlier studies described a "slow-reacting substance of ANAPHYLAXIS" released from lung by cobra venom or after anaphylactic shock. The relationship between SRS-A leukotrienes was established by UV which showed the presence of the conjugated triene. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Respiratory Function Tests
Muscle, Smooth
Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Neprilysin
Enzyme that is a major constituent of kidney brush-border membranes and is also present to a lesser degree in the brain and other tissues. It preferentially catalyzes cleavage at the amino group of hydrophobic residues of the B-chain of insulin as well as opioid peptides and other biologically active peptides. The enzyme is inhibited primarily by EDTA, phosphoramidon, and thiorphan and is reactivated by zinc. Neprilysin is identical to common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA Antigen), an important marker in the diagnosis of human acute lymphocytic leukemia. There is no relationship with CALLA PLANT.
Indomethacin
Trachea
Atropine
Substance P
Respiratory System
Propranolol
Prostaglandin D2
Double-Blind Method
Allergens
Serotonin
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
Acetylcholine
Muscle Contraction
Interleukin-8 receptor modulates IgE production and B-cell expansion and trafficking in allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation. (1/493)
We examined the role of the interleukin-8 (IL-8) receptor in a murine model of allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation using mice with a targeted deletion of the murine IL-8 receptor homologue (IL-8r-/-). Wild-type (Wt) and IL-8r-/- mice were systemically immunized to ovalbumin (OVA) and were exposed with either single or multiple challenge of aerosolized phosphate-buffered saline (OVA/PBS) or OVA (OVA/OVA). Analysis of cells recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) revealed a diminished recruitment of neutrophils to the airway lumen after single challenge in IL-8r-/- mice compared with Wt mice, whereas multiply challenged IL-8r-/- mice had increased B cells and fewer neutrophils compared with Wt mice. Both Wt and IL-8r-/- OVA/OVA mice recruited similar numbers of eosinophils to the BAL fluid and exhibited comparable degrees of pulmonary inflammation histologically. Both total and OVA-specific IgE levels were greater in multiply challenged IL-8r-/- OVA/OVA mice than in Wt mice. Both the IL-8r-/- OVA/OVA and OVA/PBS mice were significantly less responsive to methacholine than their respective Wt groups, but both Wt and IL-8r mice showed similar degrees of enhancement after multiple allergen challenge. The data demonstrate that the IL-8r modulates IgE production, airway responsiveness, and the composition of the cells (B cells and neutrophils) recruited to the airway lumen in response to antigen. (+info)Beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism and bronchoprotective sensitivity with regular short- and long-acting beta2-agonist therapy. (2/493)
The aim of the present study was to investigate bronchoprotective sensitivity in patients receiving regular treatment with short- and long-acting beta2-agonists and to evaluate any possible association with genetic polymorphism. Thirty-eight patients with stable mild to moderate asthma and receiving inhaled corticosteroids were randomized in a parallel group, double-blind, double-dummy fashion to receive 2 weeks of treatment with either formoterol (12 microg once daily, 6 microg twice daily or 24 microg twice daily) or terbutaline (500 microg four times daily). Bronchoprotection against methacholine challenge (as a provocative dose to produce a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1.0 s: PD20) was measured at baseline (unprotected) after an initial 1 week run-in without beta2-agonist, and at 1 h after the first and last doses of each treatment. The PD20 values were log-transformed and calculated as change from baseline. Percentage desensitization of log PD20 for first- versus last-dose bronchoprotection was calculated and analysed according to effects of treatment and beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism at codon 16 or 27. The mean degree of desensitization for bronchoprotection was comparable with all four treatments and there were no significant differences in absolute PD20 values after 2 weeks of chronic dosing. The PD20 values were (as microg of methacholine, geometric means+/-S. E.M.): formoterol, 12 microg once daily, 99+/-42 microg; formoterol, 6 microg twice daily, 107+/-44 microg; formoterol, 24 microg twice daily, 108+/-45 microg; terbutaline, 500 microg four times daily, 88+/-37 microg. All patients receiving formoterol, 24 microg twice daily, exhibited a loss of protection greater than 30% which was unrelated to polymorphism at codon 16 or 27. For codon 16, the use of lower doses of formoterol (12 microg once daily or 6 microg twice daily) showed wider variability in the propensity for protection loss in patients who were heterozygous, in contrast to a more uniform protection loss seen with homozygous glycine patients. The amount of protection loss was not significantly related to polymorphism at codon 16 or 27, expressed as values (mean+/-S.E.M.) for percentage desensitization according to each genotype (pooled treatments): Gly-16, 66+/-11%; Het-16, 53+/-8%; Arg-16, 69+/-18%; Glu-27, 68+/-12%; Het-27, 58+/-8%; Gln-27, 52+/-12%. The results of this preliminary study showed that bronchoprotective desensitization occurred readily in response to short- or long-acting beta2-agonist exposure irrespective of beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism at codon 16 or 27. Further studies with larger patient numbers are required to further evaluate the effects of polymorphisms with lower doses of regular formoterol. (+info)Dose-response slope of forced oscillation and forced expiratory parameters in bronchial challenge testing. (3/493)
In population studies, the provocative dose (PD) of bronchoconstrictor causing a significant decrement in lung function cannot be calculated for most subjects. Dose-response curves for carbachol were examined to determine whether this relationship can be summarized by means of a continuous index likely to be calculable for all subjects, namely the two-point dose response slope (DRS) of mean resistance (Rm) and resistance at 10 Hz (R10) measured by the forced oscillation technique (FOT). Five doses of carbachol (320 microg each) were inhaled by 71 patients referred for investigation of asthma (n=16), chronic cough (n=15), nasal polyposis (n=8), chronic rhinitis (n=8), dyspnoea (n=8), urticaria (n=5), post-anaphylactic shock (n=4) and miscellaneous conditions (n=7). FOT resistance and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured in close succession. The PD of carbachol leading to a fall in FEV1 > or = 20% (PD20) or a rise in Rm or R10 > or = 47% (PD47,Rm and PD47,R10) were calculated by interpolation. DRS for FEV1 (DRSFEV1), Rm (DRSRm) and R10 (DRSR10) were obtained as the percentage change at last dose divided by the total dose of carbachol. The sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of DRSRm, DRS10 delta%Rm and delta%R10 in detecting spirometric bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR, fall in FEV1 > or = 20%) were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. There were 23 (32%) "spirometric" reactors. PD20 correlated strongly with DRSFEV1 (r=-0.962; p=0.0001); PD47,Rm correlated significantly with DRSRm (r=-0.648; p=0.0001) and PD47,R10 with DRSR10 (r=-0.552; p=0.0001). DRSFEV1 correlated significantly with both DRSRm (r=0.700; p=0.0001) and DRSR10 (r=0.784; p=0.0001). The Se and Sp of the various FOT indices to correctly detect spirometric BHR were as follows: DRSRm: Se=91.3%, Sp=81.2%; DRSR10: Se=91.3%, Sp=95.8%; delta%Rm: Se=86.9%, Sp=52.1%; and delta%R10: Se=91.3%, Sp=58.3%. Dose-response slopes of indices of forced oscillation technique resistance, especially the dose-response slope of resistance at 10Hz are proposed as simple quantitative indices of bronchial responsiveness which can be calculated for all subjects and that may be useful in occupational epidemiology. (+info)Exhaled and nasal NO levels in allergic rhinitis: relation to sensitization, pollen season and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. (4/493)
Exhaled nitric oxide is a potential marker of lower airway inflammation. Allergic rhinitis is associated with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. To determine whether or not nasal and exhaled NO concentrations are increased in allergic rhinitis and to assess the relation between hyperresponsiveness and exhaled NO, 46 rhinitic and 12 control subjects, all nonasthmatic nonsmokers without upper respiratory tract infection, were randomly selected from a large-scale epidemiological survey in Central Norway. All were investigated with flow-volume spirometry, methacholine provocation test, allergy testing and measurement of nasal and exhaled NO concentration in the nonpollen season. Eighteen rhinitic subjects completed an identical follow-up investigation during the following pollen season. Exhaled NO was significantly elevated in allergic rhinitis in the nonpollen season, especially in perennially sensitized subjects, as compared with controls (p=0.01), and increased further in the pollen season (p=0.04), mainly due to a two-fold increase in those with seasonal sensitization. Nasal NO was not significantly different from controls in the nonpollen season and did not increase significantly in the pollen season. Exhaled NO was increased in hyperresponsive subjects, and decreased significantly after methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, suggesting that NO production occurs in the peripheral airways. In allergic rhinitis, an increase in exhaled nitric oxide on allergen exposure, particularly in hyperresponsive subjects, may be suggestive of airway inflammation and an increased risk for developing asthma. (+info)Bradykinin-induced bronchospasm in the rat in vivo: a role for nitric oxide modulation. (5/493)
Bradykinin has an important role in asthma pathogenesis, but its site of action is unclear. It was previously reported by the authors that bradykinin causes a dose-dependent reduction in dynamic compliance but little change in total lung resistance. This suggested that bradykinin may have a preferential effect in the distant lung. The purpose of the current investigation was to better characterize the effects of bradykinin on pulmonary resistance in rodents and explore the role of nitric oxide release in modulating the effect of bradykinin. Airway constriction was induced in the rats by aerosol administration of bradykinin with or without treatments with the inhaled bradykinin-2 receptor antagonist, Hoe 140 or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester or N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine. Total lung resistance was partitioned into tissue and airway resistance by using the alveolar capsule method. Bradykinin induced a significant increase in both resistances. Hoe 140 abolished the response to bradykinin. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitors enhanced the bronchoconstricting response. In conclusion, the bradykinin response in the rats was not only localized to conducting airways but also involved a relatively selective tissue reaction. Bradykinin-induced bronchospasm in the rat is solely due to activation of bradykinin-2 receptor. Further, it was shown that nitric oxide significantly modulates the bronchospasm caused by bradykinin, suggesting that nitric oxide is an important modulator of airways responsiveness to bradykinin. (+info)Bronchoconstrictor effect of thrombin and thrombin receptor activating peptide in guinea-pigs in vivo. (6/493)
1. Several thrombin cellular effects are dependent upon stimulation of proteinase activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) localized over the cellular surface. Following activation by thrombin, a new N-terminus peptide is unmasked on PAR-1 receptor, which functions as a tethered ligand for the receptor itself. Synthetic peptides called thrombin receptor activating peptides (TRAPs), corresponding to the N-terminus residue unmasked, reproduce several thrombin cellular effects, but are devoid of catalytic activity. We have evaluated the bronchial response to intravenous administration of human alpha-thrombin or a thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP-9) in anaesthetized, artificially ventilated guinea-pigs. 2. Intravenous injection of thrombin (100 microkg(-1)) caused bronchoconstriction that was recapitulated by injection of TRAP-9 (1 mg kg(-1)). Animal pretreatment with the thrombin inhibitor Hirulog (10 mg kg(-1) i.v.) prevented thrombin-induced bronchoconstriction, but did not affect bronchoconstriction induced by TRAP-9. Both agents did not induce bronchoconstriction when injected intravenously to rats. 3. The bronchoconstrictor effect of thrombin and TRAP-9 was subjected to tolerance; however, in animals desensitized to thrombin effect, TRAP-9 was still capable of inducing bronchoconstriction, but not vice versa. 4. Depleting animals of circulating platelets prevented bronchoconstriction induced by both thrombin and TRAP-9. 5. Bronchoconstriction was paralleled by a biphasic change in arterial blood pressure, characterized by a hypotensive phase followed by a hypertensive phase. Thrombin-induced hypotension was not subject to tolerance and was inhibited by Hirulog; conversely, hypertension was subject to tolerance and was not inhibited by Hirulog. Hypotension and hypertension induced by TRAP-9 were neither subject to tolerance nor inhibited by Hirulog. 6. Our results indicate that thrombin causes bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs through a mechanism that requires proteolytic activation of its receptor and the exposure of the tethered ligand peptide. Platelet activation might be triggered by the thrombin effect. (+info)Pulmonary expression of interleukin-13 causes inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, subepithelial fibrosis, physiologic abnormalities, and eotaxin production. (7/493)
Interleukin (IL)-13 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced in large quantities by activated CD4(+) Th2 lymphocytes. To define further its potential in vivo effector functions, the Clara cell 10-kDa protein promoter was used to express IL-13 selectively in the lung, and the phenotype of the resulting transgenic mice was characterized. In contrast to transgene-negative littermates, the lungs of transgene-positive mice contained an inflammatory response around small and large airways and in the surrounding parenchyma. It was mononuclear in nature and contained significant numbers of eosinophils and enlarged and occasionally multinucleated macrophages. Airway epithelial cell hypertrophy, mucus cell metaplasia, the hyperproduction of neutral and acidic mucus, the deposition of Charcot-Leyden-like crystals, and subepithelial airway fibrosis were also prominently noted. Eotaxin protein and mRNA were also present in large quantities in the lungs of the transgene-positive, but not the transgene-negative, mice. IL-4, IL-5, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-5 were not similarly detected. Physiological evaluations revealed significant increases in baseline airways resistance and airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine in transgene-positive animals. Thus, the targeted pulmonary expression of IL-13 causes a mononuclear and eosinophilic inflammatory response, mucus cell metaplasia, the deposition of Charcot-Leyden-like crystals, airway fibrosis, eotaxin production, airways obstruction, and nonspecific AHR. IL-13 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of similar responses in asthma or other Th2-polarized tissue responses. (+info)Vascularity in asthmatic airways: relation to inhaled steroid dose. (8/493)
BACKGROUND: There is an increase in vascularity in the asthmatic airway. Although inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are an effective anti-inflammatory treatment in asthma, there are few data on any effects on structural changes. METHODS: Endobronchial biopsy specimens from seven asthmatic subjects not receiving ICS and 15 receiving 200-1500 microg/day beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) were immunohistochemically stained with an anti-collagen type IV antibody to outline the endothelial basement membrane of the vessels. These were compared with biopsy tissue from 11 non-asthmatic controls (four atopic and seven non-atopic). RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the density of vessels (number of vessels/mm2 of lamina propria) in the asthmatic subjects not on ICS compared with non-asthmatic controls (mean 485 (interquartile range (IQR) 390-597) versus 329 (IQR 248-376) vessels/mm2, p<0.05; 95% CI for the difference 48 to 286). There was no significant difference between asthmatic subjects on ICS and those not on ICS or control subjects in the number of vessels/mm2 (mean 421 (IQR 281-534)). However, patients who received >/=800 microg/day BDP tended to have a reduced number of vessels/mm2 compared with patients not on ICS and those receiving +info)
Methacholine Chloride
- Methacholine
Summary Report | CureHunter
Normal Range of Methacholine Responsiveness in Relation to Prechallenge Pulmonary Function: Conclusion - Sildenafil aka Viagra
Normal Range of Methacholine Responsiveness in Relation to Prechallenge Pulmonary Function: Discussion - Sildenafil aka Viagra
Methacholine responsiveness in infants assessed with low frequency forced oscillation and forced expiration techniques | Thorax
Bronchoconstrictor Agents | Colorado PROFILES
How long does it take to get results of the methacholine challenge test? - Answered by top doctors on HealthTap
Evaluation of methacholine dose-response curves by linear and exponential mathematical models: goodness-of-fit and validity of...
Investigative bronchoprovocation and bronchoscopy in airway diseases<...
Asthma Patient Testing Kit Methacholine Bronchoprovocation
RePub, Erasmus University Repository:
Airway responsiveness after a single dose of salmeterol and during four months of...
Welcome to CDC stacks | Evaluation of Pulmonary and Systemic Toxicity of Oil Dispersant (COREXIT EC9500A®) Following Acute...
Deep Inspiration Breath Hold DIBH | GenesisCare
Provocholine Dosage Guide - Drugs.com
Plus it
Email this article
PTAB Denies Subsequent Challenge on Grounds Petitioner Reasonably Could Have Raised - Lexology
Leaderboard | HackerRank
Leaderboard | HackerRank
PHYSIOLOGY OF COUGH IN ASTHMA: COMPARISON OF MECHANICAL RESPONSES TO MANNITOL AND HIGH-DOSE METHACHOLINE CHALLENGES
During the course of building an animal style of chronic asthma, - Small Molecule Inhibitors of Protein Arginine...
The Influence of Resting Airway Calibre on Non-Specific and Specific Airway Reactivity in Asthma | Clinical Science | Portland...
Assessment of bronchial responsiveness following exposure to inhaled occupational and environmental agents<...
Analysis of dose-response curves to methacholine. An approach suitable for population studies
methacholine | Ligand page | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY
Bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine and exercise
Methacholine inhalation challenge studies in a selcted pediatric population<...
Perception of bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in asthma | Clinical Science | Portland Press
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness - Wikipedia
Dosimetric Considerations in Respiratory-Gated Deep Inspiration Breath-Hold for Left Breast Irradiation<...
Correlation between exhaled nitric oxide, sputum eosinophils, and methacholine responsiveness in patients with mild asthma. |...
Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness | Technology Trends
Physiology of Cough in Asthma: Comparison of Sensory-Mechanical Responses to Mannitol and Methacholine Challenge Tests - Full...
Physiology of Cough in Asthma: Comparison of Sensory-Mechanical Responses to Mannitol and Methacholine Challenge Tests -...
IgE levels and methacholine inhalation responses in monozygous and dizygous twins<...
Plus it
eCite - Local Lung Function And Airway Size Response During Methacholine Challenge And Salbutamol Treatment Measured Using High...
Measuring the prevalence of bronchial hyper-responsiveness in children. | Base documentaire | BDSP
Histamine forming capacity (HFC) and its modulation by H3 receptor ligands in a model of bronchial hyper-responsiveness<...
A comparison between different methods for detecting bronchial hyperreactivity. Bronchial hyperreactivity: methods of study.<...
ORBi: Browsing ORBi
Airway hyperresponsiveness: From molecules to bedside<...
Bronchoprovocation challenge testing | Providence Oregon
Ventilation Heterogeneity and Airway Hyperreactivity in Children with Well Controlled Asthma | OMICS International
Treatment for Pediatric bronchospasm - pg.2 | allnurses
Relationship between Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness and Impaired Lung Function after Infantile Asthma
Serval - Etude de lhyperreactivite bronchique par inhalation dun aersol-doseur de methacholine. [Study of bronchial...
Comparison between two districts of the effects of an air pollution intervention on bronchial responsiveness in primary school...
The effect of beta2-adrenoceptor haplotypes on bronchial hyper-responsiveness in patients with asthma - UEA Digital Repository
Predictive value of childhood airway hyperresponsiveness to indirect stimuli: 10-year longitudinal study<...
Contribution of quasi-static tissue hysteresis to the dynamic alveolar pressure-volume loop | Archivio Istituzionale della...
Prevention of airway hyperresponsiveness induced by left ventricular dysfunction in rats | Respiratory Research | Full Text
CiteSeerX - Citation Query Diesel exhaust enhances airway responsiveness in asthmatic subjects
Plus it
Authors response : Dysfunction of small airways and prevalence, airway responsiveness and inflammation in asthma: much more...
Acoustiblok Wins Challenge on National Television Series
Big History: Connecting Knowledge | Coursera
English
List of MeSH codes (D27)
... bronchodilator agents MeSH D27.505.954.796.090 - antitussive agents MeSH D27.505.954.796.170 - bronchoconstrictor agents MeSH ... autonomic agents MeSH D27.505.696.663.050.030 - antiemetics MeSH D27.505.696.663.050.100 - bronchoconstrictor agents MeSH ... antiviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077 - anti-retroviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077.088 - anti-hiv agents MeSH ... tocolytic agents MeSH D27.505.954.016 - anti-allergic agents MeSH D27.505.954.122 - anti-infective agents MeSH D27.505.954.122. ...
Luteolysis
Danazol was described as a luteolytic agent. Cloprostenol is another example of such an agent. "Luteolysis - Google Search". ... Asthmatics should take great care when handling this hormone as PGF2α is bronchoconstrictor. During a pregnancy, the corpus ... Danazol as a luteolytic agent. Fertil Steril. 1978;29(1):23-5. PMID 620838 Bagnell, C. 2005. "Animal Reproduction". Rutgers ...
Capsaicin
... oids are also an active ingredient in riot control and personal defense pepper spray agents.[47][48][49] When the ... Fuller, R. W., Dixon, C. M. S. & Barnes, P. J. (1985). Bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled capsaicin in humans" J. Appl. ... There is also evidence that capsaicin may have evolved as an anti-fungal agent:[36] the fungal pathogen Fusarium, which is ... "Field evaluation of capsaicin as a rodent aversion agent for poultry feed". Pest Management Science. 59 (9): 1007-1015. doi: ...
Effects of Sodium Cromoglycate on Iranian Asthmatic Subjects Without Exposure to any Bronchoconstrictor agent
Cromolyn sodium, a mast cell stabilizing agent, provides an immediate protective effect against the exercise-induced ... "Effects of Sodium Cromoglycate on Iranian Asthmatic Subjects Without Exposure to any Bronchoconstrictor agent". Iranian Journal ... Effects of Sodium Cromoglycate on Iranian Asthmatic Subjects Without Exposure to any Bronchoconstrictor agent. ... Effects of Sodium Cromoglycate on Iranian Asthmatic Subjects Without Exposure to any Bronchoconstrictor agent. Iranian Journal ...
Bronchoconstrictor Agents | Colorado PROFILES
"Bronchoconstrictor Agents" by people in this website by year, and whether "Bronchoconstrictor Agents" was a major or minor ... "Bronchoconstrictor Agents" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Bronchoconstrictor Agents" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Bronchoconstrictor Agents". ...
The Long-term Prognosis of Moderate to Severe Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in Asthmatic Preschool Children - Full Text...
Bronchial Hyperreactivity in Children With Crohn Disease - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Increased exhaled nitric oxide in asthma is mainly derived from the lower respiratory tract
Maximal bronchoconstriction in humans. Relationship to deep inhalation and airway sensitivity
2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (CHEBI:44811)
... has role bronchoconstrictor agent (CHEBI:50141) 2-O-acetyl-1 ... bronchoconstrictor agent A drug which causes a narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole. ... 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (CHEBI:44811) has role vasodilator agent (CHEBI:35620) 2-O-acetyl-1-O- ... 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (CHEBI:44811) has role antihypertensive agent (CHEBI:35674) ...
Blood eosinophil counts for the prediction of the severity of exercise-induced bronchospasm in asthma.
Bronchoconstrictor Agents / diagnostic use. Chi-Square Distribution. Eosinophils / pathology*. Exercise Test. Humans. ... 0/Biological Markers; 0/Bronchoconstrictor Agents; 37341-29-0/Immunoglobulin E; 62-51-1/Methacholine Chloride ... 22844219 - The importance of exercise as a therapeutic agent.. 14709159 - Changes in pulmonary vascular function after acute ...
Provocholine - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses
Methacholine chloride, the active ingredient of Provocholine, is a parasympathomimetic (cholinergic) bronchoconstrictor agent. ... Given that Provocholine is a potent bronchoconstrictor:. *Do not use Provocholine in pediatric and adult patients with baseline ... If severe bronchoconstriction occurs, reverse immediately with a rapid-acting inhaled bronchodilator agent (β-agonist) [see ... Hypersensitivity to methacholine or other parasympathomimetic agents. Reactions have included rash, itching/swelling ( ...
Swiss Medical Weekly - Suppressive effects of black seed oil on ovalbumin induced acute lung remodeling in E3 rats
Drug Information Portal - U.S. National Library of Medicine - Quick Access to Quality Drug Information
Bronchoconstrictor definition | Drugs.com
PRIME PubMed | Airway obstruction induced by inhaled acetaldehyde in asthma: repeatability relationship to adenosine 5'...
The response to each bronchoconstrictor agent was measured by the PC20 (provocative concentration required to produce a 20% ... The response to each bronchoconstrictor agent was measured by the PC20 (provocative concentration required to produce a 20% ... AlbuterolAsthmaBlood PressureBronchial Provocation TestsBronchoconstrictionBronchoconstrictor AgentsBronchodilator AgentsDose- ... Inhaled lysine acetylsalicylate (L-ASA) attenuates the bronchoconstrictor response to adenosine 5-monophosphate (AMP) in ...
Methacholine Chloride
- Methacholine
Summary Report | CureHunter
It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, ... A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ... It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, ... A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ...
ERS technical standard on bronchial challenge testing: general considerations and performance of methacholine challenge tests |...
... influence of the dose of bronchoconstrictor agent delivered to the mouth. Chest 2008; 134: 699-703. ... Where available, it is the agent of choice for direct bronchial challenge testing. A form of methacholine approved by the US ... Alternative methods of quantifying the response to challenge agents have been proposed, including airway resistance measurement ... its effects can be partially blocked by anticholinergic agents such as ipratropium bromide (table 3). ...
Full text] Patient profiles and clinical utility of mepolizumab in severe eosinop | BTT
... drug development that yields novel more efficacious treatment options with a better clinical profile than existing agents. For ... The dose of bronchoconstrictor agent required to achieve a 20% reduction in FEV1 is used to quantify the degree of AHR) to ... AHR refers to the demonstration of a reduction in FEV1 associated with inhalation of small doses of a bronchoconstrictor agent ... While practical, an implication of this approach was that the effectiveness of mepolizumab as a steroid-sparing agent relied on ...
PRIME PubMed | Small-airway obstruction, dynamic hyperinflation, and gas trapping despite normal airway sensitivity to...
Modifications of experimental bronchopulmonary hyperresponsiveness.
Definition, assessment and treatment of wheezing disorders in preschool children: an evidence-based approach | European...
98 and protective effects against bronchoconstrictor agents 99, 100 in infants and preschool children treated with rapidly ... Anticholinergic agents. In the Cochrane Review it was concluded that inhaled ipratropium may be beneficial in older children ... Similarly, it is not known whether or not the causative agent of the initial episode plays a major role in determining long- ... Secondly, treatment (agents, dosages and delivery devices) differed considerably between studies. Thirdly, different outcome ...
The importance of COX-2 inhibition for aspirin induced asthma | Thorax
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
OPUS at UTS: Smooth muscle in the maintenance of increased airway resistance elicited by methacholine in humans - Open...
Find Research outputs
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
Find Research outputs
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
Pharmacological-action | GreenMedInfo | Natural Medicine
"Contractility and Ca2+ signaling of smooth muscle cells in different g" by Yan Bai, Minsi Zhang et al.
Overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase suppresses features of allergic asthma in mice | RESPIRATORY RESEARCH |...
Heparin prevents antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness: Interference with IP|sub|3|/sub|-mediated mast cell degranulation?...
Bronchoconstrictor | Article about bronchoconstrictor by The Free Dictionary
Any agent that causes a narrowing of the air passages in bronchi and bronchioles Explanation of bronchoconstrictor ... Looking for bronchoconstrictor? Find out information about bronchoconstrictor. ... bronchoconstrictor. Also found in: Medical. bronchoconstrictor. [¦bräŋ·kō·kən¦strik·tər] (pharmacology) Any agent that causes a ... Narcotics can also be a mild bronchoconstrictor and should be used during labor and delivery with care; epidural anesthesia, ...
Effects of inhaled heparin on immunologic and nonimmunologic bronchoconstrictor responses in sheep<...
Bronchoconstrictor Agents Medicine & Life Sciences * Heparin Medicine & Life Sciences * Sheep Medicine & Life Sciences ... Effects of inhaled heparin on immunologic and nonimmunologic bronchoconstrictor responses in sheep. / Ahmed, T.; Abraham, W. M ... Ahmed T, Abraham WM, DBrot J. Effects of inhaled heparin on immunologic and nonimmunologic bronchoconstrictor responses in ... Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Effects of inhaled heparin on immunologic and nonimmunologic bronchoconstrictor ...
BronchodilatorHistaminePotentAsthmaBronchoconstrictionResponsesAirwayInhibitReceptorsStimuliExpiratory VolumeACETYLCHOLINEContractionBronchiolesAnticholinergicAspirinHumansMeSHAntagonistResponseSubjectsAsthmaticsAdrenergicPulmonarySmoothPROFILESParasympathomimetic agentInflammatoryEffectDiagnosisPassivelyClinical
Bronchodilator7
- Combivent Inhalation Aerosol[R] is a combination of ipratropium (a long-acting, anticholinergic, bronchoconstrictor antagonist) and albuterol (a beta-2 adrenergic bronchodilator). (thefreedictionary.com)
- Effects of inactive solution on bronchial reactivity under bronchoconstrictor or bronchodilator suggestion. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Bronchodilator Agents" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (healthsciencessc.org)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Bronchodilator Agents" by people in Profiles. (healthsciencessc.org)
- While being a potent bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory agent, CDB is not intoxicating. (terpenetlv.com)
- THC is a bronchoconstrictor CBD is a bronchodilator. (terpenetlv.com)
- Cannabinoids act as a bronchodilator rather than a bronchoconstrictor. (naturesbreakthrough.com)
Histamine5
- An agent that possesses this action (histamine, acetylcholine). (drugs.com)
- 6 Inhibition of PGE 2 synthesis seems to be particularly important in AIA for several reasons: PGE 2 can relax bronchial muscle, inhibit the formation or release of various bronchoconstrictor agents such as leukotrienes and histamine (levels of which are raised in patients with AIA), and PGE 2 administered as an aerosol inhibits aspirin induced bronchoconstriction. (bmj.com)
- The dose of heparin (1,000 U/kg) that completely blocked antigen-induced bronchoconstriction also attenuated the bronchoconstriction induced by compound 48/80 (ΔSRL = 374 ± 72 versus 35 ± 12%), but failed to block the bronchoconstrictor effects of histamine and carbachol. (elsevier.com)
- In addition, no changes to bronchoconstrictor responses to histamine were noted. (thefreedictionary.com)
- CysLTs are the most potent bronchoconstrictor agents yet discovered, about 100-1000 times more potent than histamine. (allergycases.org)
Potent7
- What is the most potent bronchoconstrictor? (allergycases.org)
- The second most potent bronchoconstrictor is thromboxane A2 (TXA2). (allergycases.org)
- Cysteinyl‐LTs and LTB4 are, respectively, the most potent bronchoconstrictor agents and one of the most effective leukocyte chemotaxins yet. (allergycases.org)
- Prostaglandin D2 is a potent bronchoconstrictor, neuromodulator and anti-antithrombin agent. (fairview.org)
- These molecules are potent vasoactive and bronchoconstrictor agents and they modulate local immune responses and inflammatory cell infiltration (17-18).Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mast-cell stimulation is an important initial event in the development of type I allergic reactions such as asthma and atopic disorders. (healthrising.org)
- Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been indirectly implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma, and it is a potent bronchoconstrictor both in vitro and by inhalation in animal models in vivo. (semanticscholar.org)
- Potent bronchoconstrictor Promotes vasoconstriction fewer gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. (barnardhealth.us)
Asthma7
- It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (nih.gov)
- Cholinergic nerves are the predominant bronchoconstrictor pathway in airways and cholinergic neurotransmission may be increased in asthma by the effects of inflammatory mediators on afferent nerves (reflex effect) and on prejunctional receptors on postganglionic nerves (9). (thefreedictionary.com)
- Conclusions --The patient populations receiving care for asthma vary (anti-inflammatory agents) or open the depending on the ambulatory care setting. (cdc.gov)
- We have previously shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-�, a cytokine involved in asthma, enhances Ca^2^+ responsiveness to bronchoconstrictor agents in cultured human. (naver.com)
- C3) Workplace exposure to an agent previously associated with occupational asthma using the Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics asthmagen criteria. (cdc.gov)
- Use of hfa Anti-inflammatory Agents: The hfa use of proventil beta-adrenergic-agonist bronchodilators alone may not proventil be proventil adequate to hfa control asthma in hfa many patients. (fjcm.org)
- A parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor used during the bronchial challenge test for the diagnosis of bronchial hyperreactivity in subjects who do not have clinically apparent asthma. (drugbank.ca)
Bronchoconstriction3
- Cromolyn sodium, a mast cell stabilizing agent, provides an immediate protective effect against the exercise-induced bronchoconstriction while being used before the exercise. (ac.ir)
- These data suggest that inhaled heparin prevents bronchoconstrictor responses induced by stimuli that produce immunologic and nonimmunologic mast-cell degranulation in sheep, without attenuating agonist-induced bronchoconstriction. (elsevier.com)
- Conversely, during inhalation of halogenated agents (halothane, enflurane, methoxyflurane), which markedly reduce bronchomotor tone, a progressive decrease of hypocapnic bronchoconstriction has been found with increasing concentration of the anesthetic agents in isolated dog lobes. (asahq.org)
Responses5
- Animal models of BHR are available in which systemic or local immunizations, followed by acute allergenic provocations into the airways, augment responses to intravenous or intratracheal nonspecific bronchoconstrictor agents. (biomedsearch.com)
- A63162, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, but not indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, completely inhibited augmentation of bronchoconstrictor responses to ACh caused by activated AM and also completely attenuated the increase in W/D lung weight ratios. (elsevier.com)
- Inhaled frusemide has been shown to inhibit bronchoconstrictor responses to several indirect challenges by unknown mechanisms. (who.int)
- Adrenalin (0,1 to 1 mg subcutaneously) is also of value in overcoming severe cardiovascular or bronchoconstrictor responses. (intekom.com)
- Both compounds significantly inhibited bilateral vagal nerve stimulation-induced responses, but the exogenous SP-mediated responses were not influenced by these agents, suggesting that these drugs inhibit neurogenic leakage by prejunctional inhibition of neuropeptide release from airway sensory nerve terminals. (nii.ac.jp)
Airway7
- We speculate that these parameters reflect some of the mechanisms modulating the response to bronchoconstrictor stimuli such as airway wall structure, airway-to-parenchymal interdependence, and contractile properties of airway smooth muscle. (nih.gov)
- Leukotriene receptor antagonists block the bronchoconstrictor and proinflammatory activity of cysteinyl leukotrienes (metabolites of arachodonic acid produced by mast cells, basophils and eosinophils) within the asthmatic airway. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Several studies based on direct imaging have compared the extent of airway narrowing across different airways in the lung [ 3 - 8 ], and nearly all reported some heterogeneity in response to bronchoconstrictor challenge. (biomedcentral.com)
- Receptor antagonism by antimuscarinic agents facilitates relaxation of airway smooth muscle. (springer.com)
- These agents bind to muscarinic receptor subtypes M 1 and M 3 localised in airway smooth muscle and block the bronchoconstrictor response to cholinergic nerve stimulation [ 2 , 3 ], thereby improving airflow obstruction. (springer.com)
- It is notable that the authors failed to measure any surrogate marker of inflammation such as exhaled nitric oxide, sputum eosinophils, or airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to an indirect bronchoconstrictor stimulus. (bmj.com)
- 2, 3 In this respect, the use of adenosine monophosphate or mannitol to assess AHR may have provided information regarding the underlying inflammatory status as these agents, which act similarly, 4 cause the release of inflammatory mediators rather than directly causing contraction of airway smooth muscle. (bmj.com)
Inhibit2
- These studies nicely show that such drugs inhibit the bronchoconstrictor response," Stechschulte says. (thefreedictionary.com)
- These agents inhibit leukotrienes. (freezingblue.com)
Receptors1
- An agent that binds to but does not activate beta -adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous beta -adrenergic agonists. (ebi.ac.uk)
Stimuli1
- Use of these bronchoconstrictor stimuli are also more akin to real life situations as cold air and exercise also act in a similar physiological fashion. (bmj.com)
Expiratory Volume1
- acute reductions in forced expiratory volume in one second were considerably smaller suggesting the bronchoconstrictor effect of the tea-dust that acts mostly on smaller airways. (thefreedictionary.com)
ACETYLCHOLINE2
- A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. (nih.gov)
- Although clinical studies with acetylcholine chloride and animal studies with acetylcholine or carbochol revealed no interference, and there, is no known pharmacological basis for an interaction, there have been reports that acetylcholine chloride and carbochol have been ineffective when used in patients treated with topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. (intekom.com)
Contraction1
- narrowing of the bronchioles (bronchoconstrictor) due to contraction of smooth muscles. (freezingblue.com)
Bronchioles1
- Any agent that causes a narrowing of the air passages in bronchi and bronchioles. (thefreedictionary.com)
Anticholinergic1
- A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. (bireme.br)
Aspirin3
- The effect of SINGULAIR on the bronchoconstrictor response to aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in aspirin-sensitive asthmatic patients has not been evaluated (see PRECAUTIONS, General). (thefreedictionary.com)
- Patients with known aspirin sensitivity should continue to avoid aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents while taking Montelukast Sodium ( 5.4 ). (nih.gov)
- Clients with recognised aspirin sensitivity ought to continue avoidance of aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents whilst getting useful link montelukast sodium. (blogocial.com)
Humans1
- 4 To our knowledge, there are no reports on the effects of either hypocapnia or hypercapnia on Rint and the additional resistance (ΔR), which reflects pressure dissipation caused by viscoelastic behavior and time constant inequality, in humans anesthetized with halogenated agents. (asahq.org)
MeSH1
- Bronchoconstrictor Agents" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
Antagonist1
- The effects of mediator modifying drugs including atropine, indomethacin, pyrilamine (H1 antagonist), acivicin, NDGA, and BPB (which block segments of the arichidonic acid cascade),TMB8 (blocks intracellular calcium mobilization) capsaicin (depletes irritant nerve mediators) and captopril (ACE inhibitor) were tested by pre-treating the tissues with these agents. (cdc.gov)
Response5
- The response to each bronchoconstrictor agent was measured by the PC20 (provocative concentration required to produce a 20% fall in FEV1). (unboundmedicine.com)
- Our previous studies have demonstrated that activation of the C system with cobra venom factor (CVF) in a passively sensitized guinea pig results in an enhanced bronchoconstrictor response to Ag but not to other constrictor agents. (umn.edu)
- Vagal stimulation evoked a NANC bronchoconstrictor response. (elsevier.com)
- The office visit rate in exaggerated broncho-constrictor the Northeast was almost 2.5 times that in the South, although the prevalence of response to many physical changes and chemical and pharmacologic agents. (cdc.gov)
- C6) Positive response to specific inhalation challenge testing with an agent to which the patient has been exposed at work. (cdc.gov)
Subjects1
- Effects of Sodium Cromoglycate on Iranian Asthmatic Subjects Without Exposure to any Bronchoconstrictor agent', Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research , 11(2), pp. 549-557. (ac.ir)
Asthmatics2
- It turned out that most asthmatics exhibited allergy to a wide range of indoor and outdoor agents including dust mites, pollens and animal proteins. (worldasthmafoundation.org)
- Asthmatics should take great care when handling this hormone as PGF2α is bronchoconstrictor. (wikipedia.org)
Adrenergic1
- Beta -adrenergic agonists, 2 inflammatory agents. (cdc.gov)
Pulmonary1
- Cardioselective beta-blockers are useful in patients with hypertension who also have impaired pulmonary function, as they eliminate the unwanted bronchoconstrictor effects caused by nonselective beta-blockers (e. (thefreedictionary.com)
Smooth1
- We studied the effect of grain weevil extract (GWE) on isolated guinea pig trachea (GPT) smooth muscle in order to investigate the potential bronchoconstrictor properties of this organic agent. (cdc.gov)
PROFILES2
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Bronchoconstrictor Agents" by people in Profiles. (ucdenver.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Anti-Asthmatic Agents" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Anti-Asthmatic Agents" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Parasympathomimetic agent2
- It is used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and is a parasympathomimetic agent. (drugbank.ca)
- Distigmine is a parasympathomimetic agent with a longer duration of action and enhanced drug accumulation compared to DB00545 and DB01400. (drugbank.ca)
Inflammatory1
- Bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory environmental irritants, viral infections, agents were the most common medications prescribed. (cdc.gov)
Effect2
- Also, pranayama with its calming effect on the mind can reduce emotional stresses, thereby withdrawing the bronchoconstrictor influences. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Any anatomical hindrance to miosis may require surgery to permit the desired effect of the agent. (intekom.com)
Diagnosis1
- This observation of similar cases in a short period of time and the low frequency of diseased people who lived in a urban environment makes necessary to think in this agent as cause of ophthalmomyiasis in our area and therefore perform an adequate differential diagnosis. (saladgaffe.tk)
Passively1
- The discovery of reagin by Prausnitz and K?stner in 1921 as a serum substance that could passively transfer allergy to a specific agent (in this case cod allergen)7 subsequently led to the identification of IgE as the 5th immunoglobulin class IgE by Johansson and Ishizaka8 and provided the crucial link. (worldasthmafoundation.org)
Clinical1
- However, this necessitates a clear understanding of the underlying mechanistic pathways underpinning pathological processes, to inform drug development that yields novel more efficacious treatment options with a better clinical profile than existing agents. (dovepress.com)