Bronchoconstriction. Medical search

Narrowing of the caliber of the BRONCHI, physiologically or as a result of pharmacological intervention.

Asthma attacks following a period of exercise. Usually the induced attack is short-lived and regresses spontaneously. The magnitude of postexertional airway obstruction is strongly influenced by the environment in which exercise is performed (i.e. inhalation of cold air during physical exertion markedly augments the severity of the airway obstruction; conversely, warm humid air blunts or abolishes it).

Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.

Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole.

Physiologically, the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction. As a part of pulmonary function testing, it is the ratio of driving pressure to the rate of air flow.

A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)

Tests involving inhalation of allergens (nebulized or in dust form), nebulized pharmacologically active solutions (e.g., histamine, methacholine), or control solutions, followed by assessment of respiratory function. These tests are used in the diagnosis of asthma.

The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.

A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).

An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.

A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.

Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.

The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.

Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.

Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.

A group of compounds that are derivatives of beta-methylacetylcholine (methacholine).

The capability of the LUNGS to distend under pressure as measured by pulmonary volume change per unit pressure change. While not a complete description of the pressure-volume properties of the lung, it is nevertheless useful in practice as a measure of the comparative stiffness of the lung. (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p562)

A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.

A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.

A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, monocytes, and platelets.

A class of cell surface receptors for tachykinins that prefers neurokinin A; (NKA, substance K, neurokinin alpha, neuromedin L), neuropeptide K; (NPK); or neuropeptide gamma over other tachykinins. Neurokinin-2 (NK-2) receptors have been cloned and are similar to other G-protein coupled receptors.

A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.

A group of LEUKOTRIENES; (LTC4; LTD4; and LTE4) that is the major mediator of BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; HYPERSENSITIVITY; and other allergic reactions. Earlier studies described a "slow-reacting substance of ANAPHYLAXIS" released from lung by cobra venom or after anaphylactic shock. The relationship between SRS-A leukotrienes was established by UV which showed the presence of the conjugated triene. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists. Classical antihistaminics block the histamine H1 receptors only.

An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.

The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).

A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.

A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)

Measurement of the volume of gas in the lungs, including that which is trapped in poorly communicating air spaces. It is of particular use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

A genus of nematodes of the superfamily ASCARIDOIDEA whose species usually inhabit the intestine.

A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)

A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.

A class of drugs designed to prevent leukotriene synthesis or activity by blocking binding at the receptor level.

One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)

An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.

A specific subtype of muscarinic receptor found in the lower BRAIN, the HEART and in SMOOTH MUSCLE-containing organs. Although present in smooth muscle the M2 muscarinic receptor appears not to be involved in contractile responses.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.

A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.

Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.

An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Drugs that are used to treat asthma.

A family of biologically active peptides sharing a common conserved C-terminal sequence, -Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is either an aromatic or a branched aliphatic amino acid. Members of this family have been found in mammals, amphibians, and mollusks. Tachykinins have diverse pharmacological actions in the central nervous system and the cardiovascular, genitourinary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, as well as in glandular tissues. This diversity of activity is due to the existence of three or more subtypes of tachykinin receptors.

Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. Included here are the classical antihistaminics that antagonize or prevent the action of histamine mainly in immediate hypersensitivity. They act in the bronchi, capillaries, and some other smooth muscles, and are used to prevent or allay motion sickness, seasonal rhinitis, and allergic dermatitis and to induce somnolence. The effects of blocking central nervous system H1 receptors are not as well understood.

Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.

A family of biologically active compounds derived from arachidonic acid by oxidative metabolism through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. They participate in host defense reactions and pathophysiological conditions such as immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. They have potent actions on many essential organs and systems, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous system as well as the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system.

A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.

Measurement of the maximum rate of airflow attained during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination. Common abbreviations are PEFR and PFR.

Cell surface proteins that bind TACHYKININS with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Three classes of tachykinin receptors have been characterized, the NK-1; NK-2; and NK-3; which prefer, respectively, SUBSTANCE P; NEUROKININ A; and NEUROKININ B.

The interruption or removal of any part of the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. Vagotomy may be performed for research or for therapeutic purposes.

The tubular and cavernous organs and structures, by means of which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange between ambient air and the blood are brought about.

Measurement of volume of air inhaled or exhaled by the lung.

Analogs and derivatives of atropine.

Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.

A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.

Devices that cause a liquid or solid to be converted into an aerosol (spray) or a vapor. It is used in drug administration by inhalation, humidification of ambient air, and in certain analytical instruments.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives.

A mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds. It is a bactericidal quaternary ammonium detergent used topically in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, as a surgical antiseptic, and as a as preservative and emulsifier in drugs and cosmetics.

Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

Measurement of the amount of air that the lungs may contain at various points in the respiratory cycle.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of ACETYLCHOLINE or cholinergic agonists.

A subclass of muscarinic receptor that mediates cholinergic-induced contraction in a variety of SMOOTH MUSCLES.

Compounds that inhibit or block the activity of NEUROKININ-1 RECEPTORS.

A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.

An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).

An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of PAIN, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses.

The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.

Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.

A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.

Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.

Spirometric technique in which the volume of air breathed in the right and left lung is recorded separately.

The act of BREATHING in.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.

The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.

The rate of airflow measured during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination.

The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration.

A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.

The volume of air remaining in the LUNGS at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the RESIDUAL VOLUME and the EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME. Common abbreviation is FRC.

A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

Compounds bind to and activate ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTORS.

A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.

Hypertonic sodium chloride solution. A solution having an osmotic pressure greater than that of physiologic salt solution (0.9 g NaCl in 100 ml purified water).

A series of hydrocarbons containing both chlorine and fluorine. These have been used as refrigerants, blowing agents, cleaning fluids, solvents, and as fire extinguishing agents. They have been shown to cause stratospheric ozone depletion and have been banned for many uses.

Analogs or derivatives of scopolamine.

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

A form of hypersensitivity affecting the respiratory tract. It includes ASTHMA and RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL.

Cell-surface receptors that bind LEUKOTRIENES with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. The leukotriene receptor subtypes have been tentatively named according to their affinities for the endogenous leukotrienes LTB4; LTC4; LTD4; and LTE4.

Physiologically active compounds found in many organs of the body. They are formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides and cause platelet aggregation, contraction of arteries, and other biological effects. Thromboxanes are important mediators of the actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids transformed by cyclooxygenase.

A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.

Agents that inhibit the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. The major group of drugs used therapeutically for this purpose is the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS.

The secretion of histamine from mast cell and basophil granules by exocytosis. This can be initiated by a number of factors, all of which involve binding of IgE, cross-linked by antigen, to the mast cell or basophil's Fc receptors. Once released, histamine binds to a number of different target cell receptors and exerts a wide variety of effects.

The extra volume of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. Common abbreviation is ERV.

A family of hexahydropyridines.

The force per unit area that the air exerts on any surface in contact with it. Primarily used for articles pertaining to air pressure within a closed environment.

Difficult or labored breathing.

A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.

A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)

A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.

The act of constricting.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous ACETYLCHOLINE or exogenous agonists. Muscarinic antagonists have widespread effects including actions on the iris and ciliary muscle of the eye, the heart and blood vessels, secretions of the respiratory tract, GI system, and salivary glands, GI motility, urinary bladder tone, and the central nervous system.

A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Nerve fibers liberating acetylcholine at the synapse after an impulse.

A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).

Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin.

One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Muscarinic receptors were originally defined by their preference for MUSCARINE over NICOTINE. There are several subtypes (usually M1, M2, M3....) that are characterized by their cellular actions, pharmacology, and molecular biology.

An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.

Cell surface proteins that bind THROMBOXANES with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Some thromboxane receptors act via the inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol second messenger systems.

An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.

A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

An adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.

The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system. The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are in brain stem nuclei and in the sacral spinal cord. They synapse in cranial autonomic ganglia or in terminal ganglia near target organs. The parasympathetic nervous system generally acts to conserve resources and restore homeostasis, often with effects reciprocal to the sympathetic nervous system.

Compounds that bind to and inhibit that enzymatic activity of LIPOXYGENASES. Included under this category are inhibitors that are specific for lipoxygenase subtypes and act to reduce the production of LEUKOTRIENES.

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.

A family of trypsin-like SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that are expressed in a variety of cell types including human prostate epithelial cells. They are formed from tissue prokallikrein by action with TRYPSIN. They are highly similar to PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN.

A class of compounds named after and generally derived from C20 fatty acids (EICOSANOIC ACIDS) that includes PROSTAGLANDINS; LEUKOTRIENES; THROMBOXANES, and HYDROXYEICOSATETRAENOIC ACIDS. They have hormone-like effects mediated by specialized receptors (RECEPTORS, EICOSANOID).

A phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with antidepressant properties.

Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.

A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A small aerosol canister used to release a calibrated amount of medication for inhalation.

A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.

An evanescent cutaneous reaction occurring when antibody is injected into a local area on the skin and antigen is subsequently injected intravenously along with a dye. The dye makes the rapidly occurring capillary dilatation and increased vascular permeability readily visible by leakage into the reaction site. PCA is a sensitive reaction for detecting very small quantities of antibodies and is also a method for studying the mechanisms of immediate hypersensitivity.

Organic sulfonic acid esters or salts which contain an aromatic hydrocarbon radical.

Synthetic compounds that are analogs of the naturally occurring prostaglandin endoperoxides and that mimic their pharmacologic and physiologic activities. They are usually more stable than the naturally occurring compounds.

Compounds in which one or more of the three hydroxyl groups of glycerol are in ethereal linkage with a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohol; one or two of the hydroxyl groups of glycerol may be esterified. These compounds have been found in various animal tissue.

Granulated cells that are found in almost all tissues, most abundantly in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Like the BASOPHILS, mast cells contain large amounts of HISTAMINE and HEPARIN. Unlike basophils, mast cells normally remain in the tissues and do not circulate in the blood. Mast cells, derived from the bone marrow stem cells, are regulated by the STEM CELL FACTOR.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of phosphodiesterases.

An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.

An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.

A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.

An enzyme found predominantly in platelet microsomes. It catalyzes the conversion of PGG(2) and PGH(2) (prostaglandin endoperoxides) to thromboxane A2. EC 5.3.99.5.

Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.

A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.

Individuals who have developed skills, physical stamina and strength or participants in SPORTS or other physical activities.

The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.

A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.

Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.

Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.

Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.

Exudates are fluids, CELLS, or other cellular substances that are slowly discharged from BLOOD VESSELS usually from inflamed tissues. Transudates are fluids that pass through a membrane or squeeze through tissue or into the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE of TISSUES. Transudates are thin and watery and contain few cells or PROTEINS.

Measurement of rate of airflow over the middle half of a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination (from the 25 percent level to the 75 percent level). Common abbreviations are MMFR and FEF 25%-75%.

Drugs that bind to and activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, MUSCARINIC). Muscarinic agonists are most commonly used when it is desirable to increase smooth muscle tone, especially in the GI tract, urinary bladder and the eye. They may also be used to reduce heart rate.

BENZOIC ACID amides.

Post-shift changes in pulmonary function in a cement factory in eastern Saudi Arabia. (1/896)

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 1992 in the oldest of three Portland cement producing factories in Eastern Saudi Arabia. The respirable dust level was in excess of the recommended ACGIH level in all sections. Spirometry was done for 149 cement workers and 348 controls, using a Vitalograph spirometer. FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC% and FEF25-75% were calculated and corrected to BTPS. A significantly higher post-shift reduction FEV1, FEV1/FVC% and FEF25-75% was observed in the exposed subjects. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant relationship between post-shift changes and exposure to cement dust but failed to support any relationship with smoking. These findings may indicate an increase in the bronchial muscle tone leading to some degree of bronchoconstriction as a result of an irritant effect induced by the acute exposure to cement dust. (+info)

Mechanisms of capsaicin- and lactic acid-induced bronchoconstriction in the newborn dog. (2/896)

1. Capsaicin activation of the pulmonary C fibre vanilloid receptor (VR1) evokes the pulmonary chemoreflex and reflex bronchoconstriction. Among potential endogenous ligands of C fibre afferents, lactic acid has been suggested as a promising candidate. We tested the hypotheses that (a) lactic acid behaves as a stimulant of C fibre receptors in the newborn dog to cause reflex bronchoconstriction, and (b) lactic acid causes reflex bronchoconstriction via the same pulmonary C fibre receptor mechanism as capsaicin using the competitive capsaicin/VR1 receptor antagonist capsazepine. 2. Right heart injection of lactic acid caused a significant increase (47 +/- 8.0 %) in lung resistance (RL) that was atropine sensitive (reduced by 75 %; P < 0.05), consistent with reflex activation of muscarinic efferents by stimulation of C fibre afferents. 3. Infusion of the competitive capsaicin antagonist capsazepine caused an 80 % reduction (P < 0.01) in the control bronchoconstrictor response (41 +/- 8.5 % increase in RL) to right heart injections of capsaicin. The effects of capsazepine are consistent with reversible blockade of the VR1 receptor to abolish C fibre-mediated reflex bronchoconstriction. 4. Lactic acid-evoked increases in RL were unaffected by VR1 blockade with capsazepine, consistent with a separate lactic acid-induced reflex mechanism. 5. We conclude that (a) putative stimulation of C fibres with lactic acid causes reflex bronchoconstriction in the newborn dog, (b) capsazepine reversibly antagonizes reflex bronchoconstriction elicited by right heart injection of capsaicin, presumably by attenuating capsaicin-induced activation of the C fibre 'capsaicin' receptor (VR1), and (c) capsazepine resistance of lactic acid-induced bronchoconstriction indicates that lactic acid evokes reflex bronchoconstriction by a separate mechanism, possibly via the acid-sensing ionic channel. (+info)

Nitric oxide limits the eicosanoid-dependent bronchoconstriction and hypotension induced by endothelin-1 in the guinea-pig. (3/896)

1. This study attempts to investigate if endogenous nitric oxide (NO) can modulate the eicosanoid-releasing properties of intravenously administered endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the pulmonary and circulatory systems in the guinea-pig. 2. The nitric oxide synthase blocker N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 300 microM; 30 min infusion) potentiated, in an L-arginine sensitive fashion, the release of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) stimulated by ET-1, the selective ET(B) receptor agonist IRL 1620 (Suc-[Glu9,Ala11,15]-ET-1(8-21)) or bradykinin (BK) (5, 50 and 50 nM, respectively, 3 min infusion) in guinea-pig isolated and perfused lungs. 3. In anaesthetized and ventilated guinea-pigs intravenous injection of ET-1 (0.1-1.0 nmol kg(-1)), IRL 1620 (0.2-1.6 nmol kg(-1)), BK (1.0-10.0 nmol kg(-1)) or U 46619 (0.2-5.7 nmol kg(-1)) each induced dose-dependent increases in pulmonary insufflation pressure (PIP). Pretreatment with L-NAME (5 mg kg(-1)) did not change basal PIP, but increased, in L-arginine sensitive manner, the magnitude of the PIP increases (in both amplitude and duration) triggered by each of the peptides (at 0.25, 0.4 and 1.0 nmol kg(-1), respectively), without modifying bronchoconstriction caused by U 46619 (0.57 nmol kg(-1)). 4. The increases in PIP induced by ET-1, IRL 1620 (0.25 and 0.4 nmol kg(-1), respectively) or U 46619 (0.57 nmol kg(-1)) were accompanied by rapid and transient increases of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). Pretreatment with L-NAME (5 mg kg(-1); i.v. raised basal MAP persistently and, under this condition, subsequent administration of ET-1 or IRL 1620, but not of U-46619, induced hypotensive responses which were prevented by pretreatment with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. 5. Thus, endogenous NO appears to modulate ET-1-induced bronchoconstriction and pressor effects in the guinea-pig by limiting the peptide's ability to induce, possibly via ET(B) receptors, the release of TxA2 in the lungs and of vasodilatory prostanoids in the systemic circulation. Furthermore, it would seem that these eicosanoid-dependent actions of ET-1 in the pulmonary system and on systemic arterial resistance in this species are physiologically dissociated. (+info)

Anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in BP2 mice: interactions between serotonin and acetylcholine. (4/896)

1. Immunized BP2 mice developed an acute bronchoconstriction in vivo and airway muscle contraction in vitro in response to ovalbumin (OA) and these contractions were dose dependent. 2. Methysergide or atropine inhibited OA-induced bronchoconstriction in vivo and airway muscle contraction in vitro. 3. Neostigmine potentiated the OA-induced bronchoconstriction in vivo and airway muscle contraction in vitro of BP2 mice. This potentiation was markedly reduced by the administration of methysergide or atropine and when the two antagonists were administered together, the responses were completely inhibited. 4. Neostigmine also potentiated the serotonin (5-HT)- and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced bronchoconstriction and this potentiation was significantly reversed by atropine. 5. These results indicate that OA provokes a bronchoconstriction in immunized BP2 mice by stimulating the release of 5-HT, which in turn acts via the cholinergic mediator, ACh. (+info)

Bronchoconstrictor effect of thrombin and thrombin receptor activating peptide in guinea-pigs in vivo. (5/896)

1. Several thrombin cellular effects are dependent upon stimulation of proteinase activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) localized over the cellular surface. Following activation by thrombin, a new N-terminus peptide is unmasked on PAR-1 receptor, which functions as a tethered ligand for the receptor itself. Synthetic peptides called thrombin receptor activating peptides (TRAPs), corresponding to the N-terminus residue unmasked, reproduce several thrombin cellular effects, but are devoid of catalytic activity. We have evaluated the bronchial response to intravenous administration of human alpha-thrombin or a thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP-9) in anaesthetized, artificially ventilated guinea-pigs. 2. Intravenous injection of thrombin (100 microkg(-1)) caused bronchoconstriction that was recapitulated by injection of TRAP-9 (1 mg kg(-1)). Animal pretreatment with the thrombin inhibitor Hirulog (10 mg kg(-1) i.v.) prevented thrombin-induced bronchoconstriction, but did not affect bronchoconstriction induced by TRAP-9. Both agents did not induce bronchoconstriction when injected intravenously to rats. 3. The bronchoconstrictor effect of thrombin and TRAP-9 was subjected to tolerance; however, in animals desensitized to thrombin effect, TRAP-9 was still capable of inducing bronchoconstriction, but not vice versa. 4. Depleting animals of circulating platelets prevented bronchoconstriction induced by both thrombin and TRAP-9. 5. Bronchoconstriction was paralleled by a biphasic change in arterial blood pressure, characterized by a hypotensive phase followed by a hypertensive phase. Thrombin-induced hypotension was not subject to tolerance and was inhibited by Hirulog; conversely, hypertension was subject to tolerance and was not inhibited by Hirulog. Hypotension and hypertension induced by TRAP-9 were neither subject to tolerance nor inhibited by Hirulog. 6. Our results indicate that thrombin causes bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs through a mechanism that requires proteolytic activation of its receptor and the exposure of the tethered ligand peptide. Platelet activation might be triggered by the thrombin effect. (+info)

Mechanisms of bronchoprotection by anesthetic induction agents: propofol versus ketamine. (6/896)

BACKGROUND: Propofol and ketamine have been purported to decrease bronchoconstriction during induction of anesthesia and intubation. Whether they act on airway smooth muscle or through neural reflexes has not been determined. We compared propofol and ketamine to attenuate the direct activation of airway smooth muscle by methacholine and limit neurally mediated bronchoconstriction (vagal nerve stimulation). METHODS: After approval from the institutional review board, eight sheep were anesthetized with pentobarbital, paralyzed, and ventilated. After left thoracotomy, the bronchial artery was cannulated and perfused. In random order, 5 mg/ml concentrations of propofol, ketamine, and thiopental were infused into the bronchial artery at rates of 0.06, 0.20, and 0.60 ml/min. After 10 min, airway resistance was measured before and after vagal nerve stimulation and methacholine given via the bronchial artery. Data were expressed as a percent of baseline response before infusion of drug and analyzed by analysis of variance with significance set at P< or =0.05. RESULTS: Systemic blood pressure was not affected by any of the drugs (P>0.46). Baseline airway resistance was not different among the three agents (P = 0.56) or by dose (P = 0.96). Infusion of propofol and ketamine into the bronchial artery caused a dose-dependent attenuation of the vagal nerve stimulation-induced bronchoconstriction to 26+/-11% and 8+/-2% of maximum, respectively (P<0.0001). In addition, propofol caused a significant decrease in the methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction to 43+/-27% of maximum at the highest concentration (P = 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: The local bronchoprotective effects of ketamine and propofol on airways is through neurally mediated mechanisms. Although the direct effects on airway smooth muscle occur at high concentrations, these are unlikely to be of primary clinical relevance. (+info)

Deficiency of nitric oxide in polycation-induced airway hyperreactivity. (7/896)

Using a perfused guinea-pig tracheal tube preparation, we investigated the role of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in polycation-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine. Intraluminal (IL) administration of the NO synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 microM) caused a 1.8 fold increase in the maximal contractile response (Emax) to IL methacholine compared to control, without an effect on the pEC50 (-log10 EC50). The polycation poly-L-arginine (100 microg ml(-1), IL) similarly enhanced the Emax for methacholine; however, the pEC50 value was also increased, by one log10 unit. L-NAME had no effect on the enhanced methacholine response of poly-L-arginine-treated airways, while the enhanced agonist response was completely normalized by the polyanion heparin (25 u ml(-1), IL). In addition, the effect of L-NAME was fully restored in the poly-L-arginine plus heparin treated airways. The results indicate that, in addition to enhanced epithelial permeability, a deficiency of endogenous NO contributes to polycation-induced AHR. The latter finding may represent a novel mechanism of AHR induced by eosinophil-derived cationic proteins in allergic asthma. (+info)

Roles of oxygen radicals and elastase in citric acid-induced airway constriction of guinea-pigs. (8/896)

Antioxidants attenuate noncholinergic airway constriction. To further investigate the relationship between tachykinin-mediated airway constriction and oxygen radicals, we explored citric acid-induced bronchial constriction in 48 young Hartley strain guinea-pigs, divided into six groups: control; citric acid; hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes + citric acid; hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes + phosphoramidon + citric acid; dimethylthiourea (DMTU) + citric acid; and DMTU + phosphoramidon + citric acid. Hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes and DMTU are scavengers of oxygen radicals while phosphoramidon is an inhibitor of the major degradation enzyme for tachykinins. Animals were anaesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. Each animal was given 50 breaths of 4 ml saline or citric acid aerosol. We measured dynamic respiratory compliance (Crs), forced expiratory volume in 0.1 (FEV0.1), and maximal expiratory flow at 30% total lung capacity (Vmax30) to evaluate the degree of airway constriction. Citric acid, but not saline, aerosol inhalation caused marked decreases in Crs, FEV0.1 and Vmax30, indicating marked airway constriction. This constriction was significantly attenuated by either hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes or by DMTU. In addition, phosphoramidon significantly reversed the attenuating action of hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes, but not that of DMTU. Citric acid aerosol inhalation caused increases in both lucigenin- and t-butyl hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence counts, indicating citric acid-induced increase in oxygen radicals and decrease in antioxidants in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These alterations were significantly suppressed by either hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes or DMTU. An elastase inhibitor eglin-c also significantly attenuated citric acid-induced airway constriction, indicating the contributing role of elastase in this type of constriction. We conclude that both oxygen radicals and elastase play an important role in tachykinin-mediated, citric acid-induced airway constriction. (+info)

"Medical Definition of BRONCHOCONSTRICTION". www.merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Retrieved 29 November 2017 ... Through their action on CysLT1 these leukotrienes can trigger bronchoconstriction, a state in which the bronchial passages of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zafirlukast

Weiss P, Rundell KW (November 2009). "Imitators of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction". Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cord_dysfunction

In both cases, bronchoconstriction is prominent. During an asthma episode, inflamed airways react to environmental triggers ... and episodes of bronchoconstriction. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 1 in 11 children and 1 in 12 ... where this initial insult is followed 3-12 hours later with further bronchoconstriction and inflammation. The normal caliber of ... in bronchial smooth muscle cells which leads to muscle shortening and this initiates bronchoconstriction. The mechanisms behind ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology_of_asthma

It is the opposite of bronchoconstriction. Bronchodilators induce bronchodilatation, while there are many drugs that may induce ... bronchoconstriction. Tobacco can cure one typology of asthma.[citation needed] Autonomic nervous system response: A sympathetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchodilatation

Exercise can trigger bronchoconstriction both in people with or without asthma. It occurs in most people with asthma and up to ... Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is common in professional athletes. The highest rates are among cyclists (up to 45%), ... Wilkinson M, Hart A, Milan SJ, Sugumar K (June 2014). "Vitamins C and E for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction". ... Milan SJ, Hart A, Wilkinson M (October 2013). "Vitamin C for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction". The Cochrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma

This was likely caused by bronchoconstriction. Bronchoconstriction occurred due to a constriction of smooth muscle and airway ... sarafotoxins cause bronchoconstriction, increasing airway resistance. The bronchoconstriction is also caused by left ... Acute hypoxemia was due to bronchoconstriction and pulmonary edema. Hypoxemia was associated with metabolic acidosis and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarafotoxin

It is an important mediator of bronchoconstriction. It causes platelets to aggregate and blood vessels to dilate. Thus, it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet-activating_factor

Bronchoconstriction Bronchodilation Wheezing Haggerty, Catherine L.; Ness, Roberta B.; Kelsey, Sheryl; Waterer, Grant W. (2003 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchospasm

10 May 2010 Balmes, J.R.; Fine, J.M.; Sheppard, D. (1987). "Symptomatic bronchoconstriction after short-term inhalation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution

February 2004). "Exaggerated bronchoconstriction due to inhalation challenges with occupational agents". Eur Respir J. 23 (2): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_inhalation_challenge

When asthmatics are exposed to these conditions it can trigger bronchoconstriction. Similarly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ... Balmes, John R.; Fine, Jonathan M.; Sheppard, Dean (November 1987). "Symptomatic Bronchoconstriction after Short-Term ... quality law Bioaerosol Criteria air contaminants Environmental impact of the coal industry Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates

Bronchoconstriction can result in clinical symptoms such as wheezing, chest tightness, and dyspnea, which are common features ... A decrease in diameter is called bronchoconstriction, which is the tightening of the smooth muscle surrounding the bronchi and ... Bacsi A, Pan L, Ba X, Boldogh I (February 2016). "Pathophysiology of bronchoconstriction: role of oxidatively damaged DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchiole

These functions include, among others, bronchoconstriction and gland secretion. The cell bodies for the preganglionic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve

Both drugs provoke bronchoconstriction, or narrowing of the airways. Whereas histamine causes nasal and bronchial mucus ... secretion and bronchoconstriction via the H1 receptor, methacholine utilizes the M3 receptor for bronchoconstriction. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchial_challenge_test

Burke, TV; Küng, M; Burki, NK (1989). "Pulmonary gas exchange during histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic ... changes little with bronchoconstriction or when breathing hard during exercise. As birds have a longer and wider trachea than ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_space_(physiology)

... airway bronchoconstriction and hyper-responsiveness to bronchoconstriction agents such as histamine; increased vascular ... see Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction); and childhood sleep apnea due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy (see Acquired non- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cysteinyl_leukotriene_receptor_1

... also results in bronchoconstriction in order to decrease ventilation. This mechanism is meant to counteract ... Chemoreceptors are responsible for signaling vasoconstriction, vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, and bronchodilation.[citation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocapnia

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) indicates acute narrowing of the airways as a result of vigorous exercise. EIB seems ... Hemilä, Harri (2014). "The effect of vitamin C on bronchoconstriction and respiratory symptoms caused by exercise: A review and ... Hemilä, Harri (2013). "Vitamin C may alleviate exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: A meta-analysis". BMJ Open. 3 (6): e002416 ... all of which cause bronchoconstriction. Vitamin C participates in the metabolism of these mediators and might thereby influence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C_megadosage

Burke, TV; Küng, M; Burki, NK (1989). "Pulmonary gas exchange during histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system

... see Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction); and childhood sleep apnea due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy (see Acquired non- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eicosanoid

He died in 1888 following a massive goiter disease with bronchoconstriction. Among Maier's written works were biographical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Robert_Maier

These derivatives may have pharmaceutical utility against bronchoconstriction and heart failure. A total chemical synthesis has ... prevents thiamylal-fentanyl-induced bronchoconstriction in humans". Critical Care Medicine. 30 (4): 820-6. doi:10.1097/00003246 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forskolin

... effects of bronchoconstriction". Journal of Applied Physiology. American Physiological Society. 82 (5): 1531-1541. doi:10.1152/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysteresivity

Short-acting medications provide quick or "rescue" relief from acute bronchoconstriction. Long-acting bronchodilators help to ... Short-acting bronchodilators are used for relief of bronchoconstriction, while long-acting bronchodilators are predominantly ... These are long-term medications taken routinely in order to control and prevent bronchoconstriction. They are not intended for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchodilator

"Blocking Cell Extrusion Prevents Bronchoconstriction-Induced Airway Epithelial Damage and Inflammation". SSRN Electronic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_extrusion

Magnesium exerts a bronchodilatatory effect, probably by antagonizing calcium-mediated bronchoconstriction. reducing electrical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_deficiency

And bronchoconstriction in response to the ingestion was confirmed in the three patients evaluated by pulmonary function tests ... In 1978 a non-asthmatic female of Japanese descent with a history of moderately severe bronchoconstriction responses to various ... In the absence of specific studies on the treatment of acute alcohol-induced bronchoconstriction and rhinitis, treatment ... They were found to develop bronchoconstriction after drinking apple juice containing alcohol. Intravenous infusion or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol-induced_respiratory_reactions

The ADRB2 gene is related to the control of bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction. Chapter 6, Intelligence Robert Plomin's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_(book)

Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, labored breathing and potentially life-threatening bronchoconstriction. There is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_asthma

... s also have a powerful effect in bronchoconstriction and increase vascular permeability. Leukotrienes contribute to ... airflow obstruction increased secretion of mucus mucosal accumulation bronchoconstriction infiltration of inflammatory cells in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukotriene

Bronchoconstriction is defined as the narrowing of the airways in the lungs (bronchi and bronchioles). Air flow in air passages ... Bronchoconstriction is the constriction of the airways in the lungs due to the tightening of surrounding smooth muscle, with ... Prevention of bronchoconstriction by this pathway is vital for people with emphysema and there are several anticholinergic ... Pharmacotherapy of bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma by antiepileptic drugs Why Do So Many Winter Olympians Have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchoconstriction

Evidence for mast cell activation during exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. S OSullivan, A Roquet, B Dahlen, F Larsen, A ... Evidence for mast cell activation during exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. S OSullivan, A Roquet, B Dahlen, F Larsen, A ... Evidence for mast cell activation during exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. S OSullivan, A Roquet, B Dahlen, F Larsen, A ... Evidence for mast cell activation during exercise-induced bronchoconstriction Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a ...

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/12/2/345

The Effect of Ipratropium Bromide on Bronchoconstriction Induced by Suggestion J.E. Neild; J.E. Neild ... J.E. Neild, I.R. Cameron; The Effect of Ipratropium Bromide on Bronchoconstriction Induced by Suggestion. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 ...

https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/65/3/6P/92742/The-Effect-of-Ipratropium-Bromide-on?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Inhalation of PAF causes acute bronchoconstriction and a transient fall in white blood cell count in humans. Salmeterol ... Failure of salmeterol to inhibit circulating white cell responses and bronchoconstriction induced by platelet activating factor ... Failure of salmeterol to inhibit circulating white cell responses and bronchoconstriction induced by platelet activating factor ... acute bronchoconstriction, or transient flushing after inhalation of PAF. These results conflict with the inhibitory effect of ...

https://thorax.bmj.com/content/47/11/948

To also examine the potential effects of vitamins C and E on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in people with asthma and in ... We found only one study relevant to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction; most included participants came from studies designed ... We separately considered trials in which participants had received a diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (or ... Abstract Background The association between dietary antioxidants and asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is ...

https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/69711/

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. In patients with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, the clinical history findings are ... Bronchoconstriction is highest between the hours of 4:00 am and 6:00 am (the highest morbidity and mortality from asthma is ... From bronchoconstriction to airways inflammation and remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 May. 161(5):1720-45. [QxMD ... In exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, wheezing may be present after exercise, and in nocturnal asthma, wheezing is present ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/296301-clinical

Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction In Medical Students. Authors: Suryawanshi, Mahesh Kisan. Bharsakle, Shrihari. Patankar, ... Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction In Medical Students. Indian Journal of Applied Research. 2019 Oct; 9(10): 45-47. ... INTRODUCTION: Exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is transient narrowing of lower respiratory tract airways after ... PEFR were considered positive cases of exercise induced bronchoconstriction. Statistical analysis was done by using software, ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/185162

The latest research on Hyperpnoea-Induced Bronchoconstriction (HIB) Conditions. Expert analysis on potential benefits, dosage, ... HIB, also known as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, is a closing or narrowing of the airways when someone breathes faster ...

https://examine.com/conditions/hyperpnoea-induced-bronchoconstriction/

Bronchoconstriction. Narrowing of the large airways.. Bronchodilation. Expansion of the large airways.. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/glossary.html

Bronchoconstriction. • Acts as a general suppressor of a low-avidity interaction between dendritic cells and T cells and ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/972331

This is called exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). In the past this was a called exercise-induced asthma. Exercise does ... Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. In: Miller MD, Thompson SR, eds. DeLee, Drez, & Millers Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. 5th ... Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction update - 2016. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;138(5):1292-1295.e36. PMID: 27665489 pubmed. ... This is called exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). In the past this was a called exercise-induced asthma. Exercise does ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000036.htm

Cholinergic stimulation of the nicotinic receptors in the sympathetic autonomic ganglia may cause adrenal medullary catecholamine release leading to increased heart rate, and blood pressure, and (in about 13% of the time) mydriasis (pupillary dilation).

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/cholinesterase-inhibitors/nicotinic_muscarinic.html

Bronchoconstriction [‎1]‎. Bronchodilator Agents [‎1]‎. Bronchopneumonia [‎1]‎. Bronchoscopy [‎2]‎. Brucella [‎4]‎. Brucella ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?rpp=20&sort_by=-1&type=mesh&offset=749&etal=-1&order=ASC

Exercise-related respiratory symptoms in the diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) have poor predictive value ... In response to the question, To which of the following test(s), used in the diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction ... Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is highly prevalent in athletes at all levels of competition and its diagnosis and ... Hull JH, Ansley L, Garrod R, Dickinson JW: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in athletes-should we screen?. Med Sci Sports ...

https://bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2466-9-29

Cough, respiratory distress, bronchoconstriction. *Cyanosis. *Excessive diaphoresis. *Hypotension, respiratory failure and ...

https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/ricin/clinicians/clindesc.asp

methylxanthines for bronchoconstriction How to Manage Bronchoconstriction Without Methylxanthines. 2019-09-10. by Dr Erik ... How to Manage Bronchoconstriction Without Methylxanthines How to manage broncho-constriction and cough without any good ...

https://drjohnson.com/tag/methylxanthines-for-bronchoconstriction/

Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction. For more information on EIB or any other asthma or allergy related conditions, be sure to ... Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction. August 5th, 2015. Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath-asthma in and of itself can be ... This condition is commonly referred to as Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction,or EIB for short. ...

https://www.metroeastallergist.com/exercise-induced-bronchoconstriction/

Category Archives: Bronchoconstriction July 21, 2022. SWORBHP Category: Bronchoconstriction, Tachydysrhythmia , Date: july-21- ... Category: Bronchoconstriction, Covid-19 , Date: 06-April-2021 I have two questions with regards to the Bronchoconstriction ... Category: Medical Directives, Bronchoconstriction , Date: March-30-2021 With the new bronchoconstriction update, saying you ... Category: Bronchoconstriction, Croup , Date: June-20-2022 Pt with Hx of URTI and a Dx of Asthma. With all signs of croup ( ...

https://askmac.sworbhp.ca/category/medical-directives/bronchoconstriction

As a result, reflex bronchoconstriction increases airway resistance.. Acute Exposure. Sulfur dioxide dissolves in the moisture ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=249&toxid=46

... bronchoconstriction; bronchial reactivity; enkephalinase; guinea pig; hypohalous acids; metalloendopeptidase; muscarinic ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=respiratory&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=759&RecNo=7587&View=f&

Bronchoconstriction [‎1]‎. Bronchodilator Agents [‎1]‎. Brucella Vaccine [‎6]‎. Brucellosis, Bovine [‎2]‎. Brugia [‎5]‎. ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=zh&etal=-1&type=mesh&rpp=20&starts_with_previous=B&order=ASC&offset=605&sort_by=-1

Diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea challenges identify previously undiagnosed ... Diagnosis of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: Eucapnic Voluntary Hyperpnoea Challenges. by Marc Harwood , Nov 14, 2011 ... In addition, the risk of acute bronchoconstriction causing mortality in athletes with EIB should certainly be avoided, if ... Dickinson J, McConnell A, & Whyte G (2011). Diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea ...

https://www.sportsmedres.org/diagnosis-of-exercise-induced/

Vitamin C for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: Cochrane systematic review answers are found in the Cochrane ... Vitamin C for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: Cochrane systematic review is a topic covered in the Cochrane ... "Vitamin C for Asthma and Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction: Cochrane Systematic Review." Cochrane Abstracts, Evidence ... Vitamin C for Asthma and Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction: Cochrane Systematic Review [Internet]. In: Cochrane Abstracts. [ ...

https://evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/Cochrane/431313/all/Vitamin_C_for_asthma_and_exercise_induced_bronchoconstriction:_Cochrane_systematic_review

14.2 Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB). Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction - (Adults and Adolescents 15 years of age ... 1.2 Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB) 1.3 Allergic Rhinitis 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Asthma 2.2 Exercise- ... 14.2 Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB) 14.3 Allergic Rhinitis (Seasonal and Perennial) 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND ... 2.2 Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB) in Patients 15 Years of Age and Older. For prevention of EIB, a single 10 mg ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f3f3ee81-2530-402f-9c0a-c828fda2ca1f

Cough, respiratory distress, bronchoconstriction. *Cyanosis. *Excessive diaphoresis. *Hypotension, respiratory failure and ...

https://www.emergency.cdc.gov/agent/ricin/clinicians/clindesc.asp

HWA448 has a protective effect on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs and may be a useful agent in the therapy ... HWA448 has a protective effect on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs and may be a useful agent in the therapy ... HWA448 has a protective effect on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs and may be a useful agent in the therapy ... HWA448 has a protective effect on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs and may be a useful agent in the therapy ...

https://creighton.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/attenuation-of-antigen-induced-bronchoconstriction-in-guinea-pigs

Aerosol pentamidine-induced bronchoconstriction--predictive factors and preventive therapy. Chest 1991;100:624-7. * Smith RM, ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0016444/m0016444.asp

It can induce bronchoconstriction and may cause acute, temporary respiratory discomfort in healthy people. People with asthma ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-2-the-pre-travel-consultation/food-poisoning-from-marine-toxins

Medscape - Indication-specific dosing for N-acetylcysteine, Mucomyst (acetylcysteine), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & lactation schedules, and cost information.

http://reference.medscape.com/drug/n-acetylcysteine-mucomyst-acetylcysteine-343425

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. You might hear this called exercise-induced asthma. It happens during physical activity, ... American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology: "Asthma Cough," "Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB)," "Nonallergic ...

https://www.webmd.com/asthma/what-is-asthma

HWA448 has a protective effect on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs and may be a useful agent in the therapy of bronchial asthma. (elsevier.com)
Histamine N-methyltransferase modulates histamine- and antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs in vivo. (semanticscholar.org)

To also examine the potential effects of vitamins C and E on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in people with asthma and in people without a diagnosis of asthma who experience symptoms only on exercise. (lancs.ac.uk)
If exercise continues beyond approximately 10 minutes, bronchoconstriction supervenes, resulting in asthma symptoms. (medscape.com)
Exercise-related respiratory symptoms in the diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) have poor predictive value. (biomedcentral.com)
Even mild symptoms of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction may indicate that, under the 'right' circumstances, you may experience symptoms. (aaaai.org)
Sports that involve continuous exercise or cold weather are more likely to trigger symptoms of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (aaaai.org)
Sulfur oxides, including SO 2 , can cause adverse respiratory effects, such as bronchoconstriction, emphysema and increased asthma symptoms. (epa.gov)
Stimulation of protease-activated receptors (PARs) on airway smooth muscle cells can lead to bronchoconstriction, and it has been assumed that mast-cell proteases contribute to allergy-mediated asthma symptoms. (cell.com)
Hemila H. The effect of vitamin C on bronchoconstriction and respiratory symptoms caused by exercise: a review and statistical analysis. (needs.com)
Airway symptoms in conjunction with exercise can take on many forms and can have several contributory factors such as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction or hyperventilation [ 1 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Introducing Aridol ® (mannitol challenge test) to assess patients experiencing respiratory symptoms and suspected of having asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). (methapharmrespiratory.com)

Exercise-induced asthma(EIA)/bronchospasm (EIB)/bronchoconstriction (EIC) are common clinical conditions seen in the athletic population. (lww.com)
Asthma causes bronchoconstriction of the airways as a result of epithelial damage, narrowing of the airways due to epithelial damage, mucus over-production, bronchospasm and muscle damage (Kaufman G, 2011). (wepapers.com)

Midazolam reverses histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs. (wikigenes.org)
If we challenge the airways by having the horse breathe in a small amount of histamine, which causes temporary bronchoconstriction, it is much easier for us to detect abnormalities. (tufts.edu)

Tightness is caused by stimulation of airway receptors with bronchoconstriction. (cancer.gov)

Cooling or warming of the airway is thought to lead to bronchoconstriction. (cdc.gov)

Prominent among these adverse effects are bradycardia, heart block, hypotension, and loss of cardioselectivity associated with an increased risk of bronchoconstriction and altered glucose homeostasis. (psychiatrist.com)

Bronchoconstriction is the constriction of the airways in the lungs due to the tightening of surrounding smooth muscle, with consequent coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. (wikipedia.org)
Bronchoconstriction is defined as the narrowing of the airways in the lungs (bronchi and bronchioles). (wikipedia.org)
Medical management of transient bronchoconstriction or chronic bronchitis depends on the severity and etiology of the underlying disease and can be treated with combinations of the following medications: B-receptor agonists: Medications that stimulate the β2 receptor subtype on pulmonary smooth muscle will result in smooth muscle relaxation, bronchodilation, and increased airflow into the lungs during inhalation. (wikipedia.org)
Inhaled bradykinin (1 mM, 20 s) caused bronchoconstriction and influx of inflammatory cells to the lungs, but only when the enzymatic breakdown of bradykinin by angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase was inhibited by captopril (1 mg/kg i.p.) and phosphoramidon (10 mM, 20-min inhalation), respectively. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (also called EIB) or exercise-induced asthma, is a narrowing of the airways that makes it hard to move air out of the lungs. (aaaai.org)
The test to determine exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction evaluates "forced expiratory volume" (FEV1), measuring the amount of air the lungs are able to exhale. (needs.com)
This can trigger bronchoconstriction (narrowing of the small airways in the lungs). (barrelhorsenews.com)
It attacks Bronchoconstriction, which are small airways present in the lungs. (icyhealth.com)
Causes bronchoconstriction in the lungs. (sunshinentc.com)

Inhaled bradykinin causes bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects but not nonasthmatics. (cardiff.ac.uk)
keep in mind the potential for induction of bronchoconstriction in an asthmatic. (lybrate.com)

We separately considered trials in which participants had received a diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (or exercise-induced asthma). (lancs.ac.uk)

Patients aged 12 years and older who met the entry criteria including FEV1 40-85 percent of predicted normal, reversible bronchoconstriction of 15% with short-acting inhaled beta-agonist entered a 14-21 day run-in period. (centerwatch.com)
Asthma Asthma is a disease of diffuse airway inflammation caused by a variety of triggering stimuli resulting in partially or completely reversible bronchoconstriction. (msdmanuals.com)

Inhalation of allergens in sensitized subjects develops into bronchoconstriction within 10 minutes, reaches a maximum within 30 minutes, and usually resolves itself within one to three hours. (wikipedia.org)
Inhalation of PAF causes acute bronchoconstriction and a transient fall in white blood cell count in humans. (bmj.com)
CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with salmeterol did not inhibit reduction in total white cell count or neutrophil count, rebound neutrophilia, acute bronchoconstriction, or transient flushing after inhalation of PAF. (bmj.com)
The bronchoconstriction and cell influx were antagonized by the B2 kinin receptor antagonist 4-(S)-amino-5-(4-{4-[2, 4-dichloro-3-(2,4-dimethyl-8-quinolyloxymethyl)phenylsulfonamido]- tetrahydro-2H-4-pyranylcarbonyl}piperazino)-5- oxopentyl](trimethyl)ammonium chloride hydrochloride (MEN16132) when given by inhalation (1 and 10 μM, 20 min) and are therefore mediated via B2 kinin receptors. (cardiff.ac.uk)
The company's Arformoterol Tartrate Inhalation Solution 15 mcg/2 mL is being approved as a long-term maintenance treatment for bronchoconstriction in patients with COPD. (aarc.org)
PERFOROMIST (formoterol fumarate) Inhalation Solution is indicated for the long-term, twice daily (morning and evening) administration in the maintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. (rxlist.com)

More generally termed exercise-induced asthma, the preferred and more accurate term exercise-induced bronchoconstriction better reflects underlying pathophysiology. (wikipedia.org)
In most people with EIB, this is followed by a refractory period, of generally less than four hours, during which if exercise is repeated, the bronchoconstriction is less emphasised. (wikipedia.org)
The underlying cause of this type of bronchoconstriction appear to be the large volume of cool, dry air inhaled during strenuous exercise. (wikipedia.org)
This study examined whether mast cell activation is a feature of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction by measuring urinary metabolites of mast cell mediators. (ersjournals.com)
Twelve nonsmoking subjects with mild asthma and a history of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction exercised on a stationary bicycle ergometer for 5 min at 80% maximum work load. (ersjournals.com)
The findings represent the first documentation of increased urinary levels of 9alpha,11beta-prostaglandin F2 in adults following exercise challenge and provides clear evidence for mast cell activation during exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. (ersjournals.com)
Abstract Background The association between dietary antioxidants and asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is not fully understood. (lancs.ac.uk)
It has been postulated that the combination may be more beneficial than either single antioxidant for people with asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (lancs.ac.uk)
Authors' conclusions It is not possible to draw firm conclusions from this review with respect to the comparison of vitamin C and E supplementation versus placebo in the management of asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (lancs.ac.uk)
In exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, wheezing may be present after exercise, and in nocturnal asthma, wheezing is present during the night. (medscape.com)
In patients with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, the clinical history findings are typical of asthma but are associated only with exercise. (medscape.com)
HIB, also known as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, is a closing or narrowing of the airways when someone breathes faster than normal (hyperpnea). (examine.com)
INTRODUCTION: Exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is transient narrowing of lower respiratory tract airways after exercise. (who.int)
Pre and post-test values of Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were compared and students with ≥ 10% decrease in post-test FEV1 & PEFR were considered positive cases of exercise induced bronchoconstriction. (who.int)
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is highly prevalent in athletes at all levels of competition and its diagnosis and treatment is important to ensure their well-being [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This is called exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). (medlineplus.gov)
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction update - 2016. (medlineplus.gov)
This condition is commonly referred to as Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction ,or EIB for short. (metroeastallergist.com)
Vitamin C for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: Cochrane systematic review is a topic covered in the Cochrane Abstracts . (unboundmedicine.com)
Cochrane Abstracts , Evidence Central , evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/Cochrane/431313/all/Vitamin_C_for_asthma_and_exercise_induced_bronchoconstriction:_Cochrane_systematic_review. (unboundmedicine.com)
Acute prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in patients 15 years of age and older ( 1.2 ). (nih.gov)
Pediatric use information for patients ages 6 to 14 years of age for acute prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is approved for Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp's montelukast tablet products. (nih.gov)
This is known as exercise-induced asthma (EIA) (also called exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, or EIB). (kidshealth.org)
Studies by investigators from Indiana University in the USA have repeatedly demonstrated a beneficial effect of high dose omega-3 fatty acid supplements over 3 weeks in attenuating exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) similar or possibly better in potency to what may be expected with a regular inhaled corticosteroids. (medicalresearch.com)
attempted to validate these findings by using inhaled mannitol, a bronchial provocation test that was derived from the understanding of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and which has demonstrated experimentally to be a useful model for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (medicalresearch.com)
All pharmacotherapies that modify exercise-induced bronchoconstriction can modify the airway sensitivity to inhaled mannitol in persons with asthma, thus it was of interest to see if an 'alternative' treatment that demonstrated efficacy in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction could too modify the airway response to mannitol. (medicalresearch.com)
These studies used either very mild exercise-induced bronchoconstriction or possibly a sub-optimal stimulus to provoke EIB. (medicalresearch.com)
Studies evaluating drugs in EIB require a standardised optimal exercise stimulus as well as participants with significant and reproducible exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (medicalresearch.com)
At present, however, no consensus has been reached about the efficacy and safety of beta2-agonists in the pretreatment of exercise-induced asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (nih.gov)
To assess the effects of inhaled short- and long-acting beta2-agonists, compared with placebo, in the pretreatment of children and adults with exercise-induced asthma (or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction). (nih.gov)
Storms W. Update on montelukast and its role in the treatment of asthma, allergic rhinitis and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (medscape.com)
Steinshamn S, Sandsund M, Sue-Chu M, Bjermer L. Effects of montelukast and salmeterol on physical performance and exercise economy in adult asthmatics with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (medscape.com)
de Aguiar KB, Anzolin M, Zhang L. Global prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in childhood: A meta-analysis. (medscape.com)
Exercise capacity and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in a cold environment. (medscape.com)
Transient airway narrowing can occur during or following exercise, a phenomenon called exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). (thieme-connect.com)
4 Boulet LP, O'Byrne PM. Asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in athletes . (thieme-connect.com)
If people frequently have a tickly or sore throat after exercise, they may have exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), or exercise-induced asthma . (medicalnewstoday.com)
This means I don't have asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (aaaai.org)
My child with asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction can't exercise and should be kept out of gym class. (aaaai.org)
If appropriately evaluated and treated, the vast majority of children and adults with asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction can fully participate in exercise. (aaaai.org)
Many patients with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and asthma benefit from a written treatment plan. (aaaai.org)
Even if I used my short-acting bronchodilator (such as albuterol) before exercise, I can use it again if I begin to have exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (aaaai.org)
If I experience wheezing, coughing, or shortness of breath with exercise, I definitely have exercise-induced bronchoconstriction or asthma. (aaaai.org)
Bronchoconstriction in Asthmatics Exposed to Sulfur Dioxide during Repeated Exercise (Journal Version). (epa.gov)
Purpose: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) are the two disorders commonly considered when athletes complain of exertional dyspnea. (uib.no)
EJCN - Benefits of fish oil in asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (omega-research.com)
A recent meta-analysis of nine studies on vitamin C for lung health (specifically exercise-induced bronchoconstriction or EIB) showed a positive correlation between vitamin C and lung health. (needs.com)
Key words (exercise with asthma, bronchoconstriction, rhinitis, urticaria or anaphylaxis) were used to search Medline, the Cochrane database and related websites through February 2008 to obtain pertinent information which, along with personal reference databases and institutional experience with these disorders, were used to develop this report. (elsevier.com)
Physical effort is capable of triggering airway obstruction in asthmatics, the so-called exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma (EIBa). (biomedcentral.com)
For some, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is the primary cause and for a small minority there may be an alternative organic pathology. (ersjournals.com)
Asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) are relatively common causes of EID. (ersjournals.com)
If you have already taken Singulair for asthma or allergy, do not take an extra dose for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (drugsdb.com)
Regardless of the cytologic profile, all horses with IAD should receive aerosolized bronchodilator therapy before exercise to avert exercise- or irritant-induced bronchoconstriction. (merckvetmanual.com)
Prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) (for patients ≥6yrs old). (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
Fish oil compares favorably to montelukast (Singular) in reducing the severity of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (greenmedinfo.com)
Exercise related respiratory problems in the young-Is it exercise-induced bronchoconstriction or laryngeal obstruction? (unit.no)
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction begins during exercise or within 3 minutes after its end, peaks within 10-15 minutes, and then resolves by 60 minutes. (onlineanesthesiatools.com)

Bronchitis has two components: inflammation of the bronchial lining and bronchoconstriction or narrowing of the airways (bronchi and bronchioles). (healthnews.com)

Detailed descriptions are provided so that investigators can establish preparations in which bronchoconstriction, airways hyperresponsiveness, cough and airways inflammation can be studied. (elsevier.com)

In addition, the risk of acute bronchoconstriction causing mortality in athletes with EIB should certainly be avoided, if possible. (sportsmedres.org)
First, vagus nerve stimulation modulates bronchoconstriction, acute stimulation has demonstrated a marked improvement in Work of Breathing (WOB) as well as Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) in patients with severe respiratory distress due to airway reactivity. (clinicaltrials.gov)

We examined the effect of a new xanthine derivative, HWA448, on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in actively sensitized guinea pigs. (elsevier.com)
To date, animal studies with inhaled bradykinin have been performed only in anesthetized guinea pigs and rats, where it causes bronchoconstriction through sensory nerve pathways. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Sensitization of guinea pigs with ovalbumin was not sufficient to induce airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to the bronchoconstriction by inhaled bradykinin. (cardiff.ac.uk)

Bronchoconstriction: Can induce dyspnea, bronchoconstriction, and respiratory compromise, especially in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. (fresenius-kabi.com)

The -2549 -2567 del18 Polymorphism in VEGF and Irreversible Bronchoconstriction in Asthmatics. (cdc.gov)

Crisis checklists and cognitive aids - including a rapid situational assessment checklist that signposts to potential anaesthetic complications such as haemorrhage, bronchoconstriction and tachycardia. (bsava.com)

With emphysema the shortness of breath due to effective bronchoconstriction from excessive very thick mucus blockage (it is so thick that great difficulty is encountered in expelling it resulting in near exhaustion at times) can bring on panic attacks unless the individual expects this and has effectively learned pursed lip breathing to more quickly transfer oxygen to the blood via the damaged alveoli resulting from the disease. (wikipedia.org)

This suggests that gastro-oesophageal reflux does not exacerbate bronchoconstriction in nocturnal asthma. (bmj.com)

The question remains, would screening for, and treating the large percentage of asymptomatic athletes who were previously unaware of their EIB prevent mortality due to bronchoconstriction? (sportsmedres.org)

Hot, damp air may also trigger bronchoconstriction directly. (medpagetoday.com)

When the FEV1 is decreased by 10% or more, it is considered bronchoconstriction. (needs.com)
FEV1 measures the maximum air you can exhale in 1 second and is the most frequently used test to assess airway obstruction, bronchoconstriction, or bronchodilation. (thecamreport.com)

Pathophysiology of asthma in simplest form - It consists of three major abnormalities, bronchoconstriction , airway inflammation and mucous impaction leading to difficult or laboured breathing. (co.zw)

When dealing with an anaphylactic patient, the PCP medical directive says to administer up to 2 doses of epi at a maximum single dose of 0.5mg, whereas the bronchoconstriction AND cardiac arrest medical directives are only one dose at a maximum single dose of 0.5mg. (sworbhp.ca)

The short answer is a patient with a history of asthma, with no active signs of bronchoconstriction, but with a symptomatic tachydysrhythmia, can receive adenosine (given they meet all the Conditions and have no Contraindications). (sworbhp.ca)

Prevention of bronchoconstriction by this pathway is vital for people with emphysema and there are several anticholinergic medications that in combination with mucous thinning agents such as Guaifenesin cause significant improvement in breathing. (wikipedia.org)

Block reflex bronchoconstriction. (rebelem.com)

I know that it does constrict the vocal chords, but what he was talking about was excessive production of mucus (which again is a symptom of uncontrolled asthma) not bronchoconstriction. (yorkshire-divers.com)

Because of the potential for severe bronchoconstriction, the bronchial challenge testing with ARIDOL should not be performed in any patient with clinically apparent asthma or very low baseline pulmonary function tests (e.g. (methapharmrespiratory.com)

Notably, in some of these case studies the patients who developed bronchoconstriction after adenosine administration had no history of asthma or bronchoconstriction. (sworbhp.ca)

The authors point out that the IOC-MC requires every request to use inhaled beta agonists be justified by evidence of bronchoconstriction through a bronchodilator or bronchoprovocation challenge to ensure that asthma medications are not used simply to try to gain a competitive edge. (sportsmedres.org)
Paradoxical bronchoconstriction caused by β 2 -adrenoceptor agonists. (nih.gov)

The need for extra use, particularly continuous use, indicates worsening bronchoconstriction, which can be dangerous, possibly risking even respiratory failure and death. (msdmanuals.com)

Anatomy11

Organisms3

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs92

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes25

Named Groups1

Health Care4

Post-shift changes in pulmonary function in a cement factory in eastern Saudi Arabia. (1/896)

Mechanisms of capsaicin- and lactic acid-induced bronchoconstriction in the newborn dog. (2/896)

Nitric oxide limits the eicosanoid-dependent bronchoconstriction and hypotension induced by endothelin-1 in the guinea-pig. (3/896)

Anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in BP2 mice: interactions between serotonin and acetylcholine. (4/896)

Bronchoconstrictor effect of thrombin and thrombin receptor activating peptide in guinea-pigs in vivo. (5/896)

Mechanisms of bronchoprotection by anesthetic induction agents: propofol versus ketamine. (6/896)

Deficiency of nitric oxide in polycation-induced airway hyperreactivity. (7/896)

Roles of oxygen radicals and elastase in citric acid-induced airway constriction of guinea-pigs. (8/896)

Bronchoconstriction

Asthma, Exercise-Induced

Bronchial Spasm

Bronchoconstrictor Agents

Airway Resistance

Methacholine Chloride

Bronchial Provocation Tests

Bronchi

Asthma

Histamine

Cromolyn Sodium

Forced Expiratory Volume

Administration, Inhalation

Bronchodilator Agents

Guinea Pigs

Aerosols

Bronchial Hyperreactivity

Methacholine Compounds

Lung Compliance

Albuterol

Ipratropium

Nedocromil

Receptors, Neurokinin-2

Neurokinin A

SRS-A

Lung

Trachea

Histamine Antagonists

Anaphylaxis

Vagus Nerve

Hyperventilation

Leukotriene E4

Plethysmography, Whole Body

Bronchial Diseases

Ascaris

Gallamine Triethiodide

Chlorpheniramine

Leukotriene Antagonists

Leukotriene D4

Atropine

Receptor, Muscarinic M2

Double-Blind Method

Clemastine

Terbutaline

Respiratory Function Tests

Capsaicin

Ovalbumin

Pulmonary Ventilation

Muscle, Smooth

Cross-Over Studies

Anti-Asthmatic Agents

Tachykinins

Histamine H1 Antagonists

Sulfites

Quinolines

Leukotrienes

Platelet Activating Factor

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

Receptors, Tachykinin

Vagotomy

Respiratory System

Spirometry

Atropine Derivatives

Airway Obstruction

Terfenadine

Nebulizers and Vaporizers

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Ethanolamines

Benzalkonium Compounds

Allergens

Lung Volume Measurements

Cholinergic Antagonists

Receptor, Muscarinic M3

Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Bradykinin

Thromboxane A2

Substance P

Respiratory Mechanics

Antitussive Agents

Pyrilamine