Bronchoconstriction. Medical search

Narrowing of the caliber of the BRONCHI, physiologically or as a result of pharmacological intervention.

Asthma attacks following a period of exercise. Usually the induced attack is short-lived and regresses spontaneously. The magnitude of postexertional airway obstruction is strongly influenced by the environment in which exercise is performed (i.e. inhalation of cold air during physical exertion markedly augments the severity of the airway obstruction; conversely, warm humid air blunts or abolishes it).

Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.

Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole.

Physiologically, the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction. As a part of pulmonary function testing, it is the ratio of driving pressure to the rate of air flow.

A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)

Tests involving inhalation of allergens (nebulized or in dust form), nebulized pharmacologically active solutions (e.g., histamine, methacholine), or control solutions, followed by assessment of respiratory function. These tests are used in the diagnosis of asthma.

The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.

A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).

An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.

A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.

Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.

The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.

Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.

Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.

A group of compounds that are derivatives of beta-methylacetylcholine (methacholine).

The capability of the LUNGS to distend under pressure as measured by pulmonary volume change per unit pressure change. While not a complete description of the pressure-volume properties of the lung, it is nevertheless useful in practice as a measure of the comparative stiffness of the lung. (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p562)

A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.

A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.

A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, monocytes, and platelets.

A class of cell surface receptors for tachykinins that prefers neurokinin A; (NKA, substance K, neurokinin alpha, neuromedin L), neuropeptide K; (NPK); or neuropeptide gamma over other tachykinins. Neurokinin-2 (NK-2) receptors have been cloned and are similar to other G-protein coupled receptors.

A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.

A group of LEUKOTRIENES; (LTC4; LTD4; and LTE4) that is the major mediator of BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; HYPERSENSITIVITY; and other allergic reactions. Earlier studies described a "slow-reacting substance of ANAPHYLAXIS" released from lung by cobra venom or after anaphylactic shock. The relationship between SRS-A leukotrienes was established by UV which showed the presence of the conjugated triene. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists. Classical antihistaminics block the histamine H1 receptors only.

An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.

The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).

A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.

A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)

Measurement of the volume of gas in the lungs, including that which is trapped in poorly communicating air spaces. It is of particular use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

A genus of nematodes of the superfamily ASCARIDOIDEA whose species usually inhabit the intestine.

A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)

A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.

A class of drugs designed to prevent leukotriene synthesis or activity by blocking binding at the receptor level.

One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)

An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.

A specific subtype of muscarinic receptor found in the lower BRAIN, the HEART and in SMOOTH MUSCLE-containing organs. Although present in smooth muscle the M2 muscarinic receptor appears not to be involved in contractile responses.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.

A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.

Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.

An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Drugs that are used to treat asthma.

A family of biologically active peptides sharing a common conserved C-terminal sequence, -Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is either an aromatic or a branched aliphatic amino acid. Members of this family have been found in mammals, amphibians, and mollusks. Tachykinins have diverse pharmacological actions in the central nervous system and the cardiovascular, genitourinary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, as well as in glandular tissues. This diversity of activity is due to the existence of three or more subtypes of tachykinin receptors.

Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. Included here are the classical antihistaminics that antagonize or prevent the action of histamine mainly in immediate hypersensitivity. They act in the bronchi, capillaries, and some other smooth muscles, and are used to prevent or allay motion sickness, seasonal rhinitis, and allergic dermatitis and to induce somnolence. The effects of blocking central nervous system H1 receptors are not as well understood.

Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.

A family of biologically active compounds derived from arachidonic acid by oxidative metabolism through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. They participate in host defense reactions and pathophysiological conditions such as immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. They have potent actions on many essential organs and systems, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous system as well as the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system.

A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.

Measurement of the maximum rate of airflow attained during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination. Common abbreviations are PEFR and PFR.

Cell surface proteins that bind TACHYKININS with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Three classes of tachykinin receptors have been characterized, the NK-1; NK-2; and NK-3; which prefer, respectively, SUBSTANCE P; NEUROKININ A; and NEUROKININ B.

The interruption or removal of any part of the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. Vagotomy may be performed for research or for therapeutic purposes.

The tubular and cavernous organs and structures, by means of which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange between ambient air and the blood are brought about.

Measurement of volume of air inhaled or exhaled by the lung.

Analogs and derivatives of atropine.

Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.

A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.

Devices that cause a liquid or solid to be converted into an aerosol (spray) or a vapor. It is used in drug administration by inhalation, humidification of ambient air, and in certain analytical instruments.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives.

A mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds. It is a bactericidal quaternary ammonium detergent used topically in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, as a surgical antiseptic, and as a as preservative and emulsifier in drugs and cosmetics.

Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

Measurement of the amount of air that the lungs may contain at various points in the respiratory cycle.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of ACETYLCHOLINE or cholinergic agonists.

A subclass of muscarinic receptor that mediates cholinergic-induced contraction in a variety of SMOOTH MUSCLES.

Compounds that inhibit or block the activity of NEUROKININ-1 RECEPTORS.

A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.

An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).

An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of PAIN, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses.

The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.

Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.

A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.

Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.

Spirometric technique in which the volume of air breathed in the right and left lung is recorded separately.

The act of BREATHING in.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.

The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.

The rate of airflow measured during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination.

The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration.

A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.

The volume of air remaining in the LUNGS at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the RESIDUAL VOLUME and the EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME. Common abbreviation is FRC.

A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

Compounds bind to and activate ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTORS.

A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.

Hypertonic sodium chloride solution. A solution having an osmotic pressure greater than that of physiologic salt solution (0.9 g NaCl in 100 ml purified water).

A series of hydrocarbons containing both chlorine and fluorine. These have been used as refrigerants, blowing agents, cleaning fluids, solvents, and as fire extinguishing agents. They have been shown to cause stratospheric ozone depletion and have been banned for many uses.

Analogs or derivatives of scopolamine.

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

A form of hypersensitivity affecting the respiratory tract. It includes ASTHMA and RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL.

Cell-surface receptors that bind LEUKOTRIENES with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. The leukotriene receptor subtypes have been tentatively named according to their affinities for the endogenous leukotrienes LTB4; LTC4; LTD4; and LTE4.

Physiologically active compounds found in many organs of the body. They are formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides and cause platelet aggregation, contraction of arteries, and other biological effects. Thromboxanes are important mediators of the actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids transformed by cyclooxygenase.

A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.

Agents that inhibit the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. The major group of drugs used therapeutically for this purpose is the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS.

The secretion of histamine from mast cell and basophil granules by exocytosis. This can be initiated by a number of factors, all of which involve binding of IgE, cross-linked by antigen, to the mast cell or basophil's Fc receptors. Once released, histamine binds to a number of different target cell receptors and exerts a wide variety of effects.

The extra volume of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. Common abbreviation is ERV.

A family of hexahydropyridines.

The force per unit area that the air exerts on any surface in contact with it. Primarily used for articles pertaining to air pressure within a closed environment.

Difficult or labored breathing.

A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.

A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)

A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.

The act of constricting.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous ACETYLCHOLINE or exogenous agonists. Muscarinic antagonists have widespread effects including actions on the iris and ciliary muscle of the eye, the heart and blood vessels, secretions of the respiratory tract, GI system, and salivary glands, GI motility, urinary bladder tone, and the central nervous system.

A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Nerve fibers liberating acetylcholine at the synapse after an impulse.

A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).

Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin.

One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Muscarinic receptors were originally defined by their preference for MUSCARINE over NICOTINE. There are several subtypes (usually M1, M2, M3....) that are characterized by their cellular actions, pharmacology, and molecular biology.

An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.

Cell surface proteins that bind THROMBOXANES with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Some thromboxane receptors act via the inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol second messenger systems.

An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.

A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

An adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.

The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system. The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are in brain stem nuclei and in the sacral spinal cord. They synapse in cranial autonomic ganglia or in terminal ganglia near target organs. The parasympathetic nervous system generally acts to conserve resources and restore homeostasis, often with effects reciprocal to the sympathetic nervous system.

Compounds that bind to and inhibit that enzymatic activity of LIPOXYGENASES. Included under this category are inhibitors that are specific for lipoxygenase subtypes and act to reduce the production of LEUKOTRIENES.

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.

A family of trypsin-like SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that are expressed in a variety of cell types including human prostate epithelial cells. They are formed from tissue prokallikrein by action with TRYPSIN. They are highly similar to PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN.

A class of compounds named after and generally derived from C20 fatty acids (EICOSANOIC ACIDS) that includes PROSTAGLANDINS; LEUKOTRIENES; THROMBOXANES, and HYDROXYEICOSATETRAENOIC ACIDS. They have hormone-like effects mediated by specialized receptors (RECEPTORS, EICOSANOID).

A phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with antidepressant properties.

Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.

A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A small aerosol canister used to release a calibrated amount of medication for inhalation.

A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.

An evanescent cutaneous reaction occurring when antibody is injected into a local area on the skin and antigen is subsequently injected intravenously along with a dye. The dye makes the rapidly occurring capillary dilatation and increased vascular permeability readily visible by leakage into the reaction site. PCA is a sensitive reaction for detecting very small quantities of antibodies and is also a method for studying the mechanisms of immediate hypersensitivity.

Organic sulfonic acid esters or salts which contain an aromatic hydrocarbon radical.

Synthetic compounds that are analogs of the naturally occurring prostaglandin endoperoxides and that mimic their pharmacologic and physiologic activities. They are usually more stable than the naturally occurring compounds.

Compounds in which one or more of the three hydroxyl groups of glycerol are in ethereal linkage with a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohol; one or two of the hydroxyl groups of glycerol may be esterified. These compounds have been found in various animal tissue.

Granulated cells that are found in almost all tissues, most abundantly in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Like the BASOPHILS, mast cells contain large amounts of HISTAMINE and HEPARIN. Unlike basophils, mast cells normally remain in the tissues and do not circulate in the blood. Mast cells, derived from the bone marrow stem cells, are regulated by the STEM CELL FACTOR.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of phosphodiesterases.

An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.

An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.

A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.

An enzyme found predominantly in platelet microsomes. It catalyzes the conversion of PGG(2) and PGH(2) (prostaglandin endoperoxides) to thromboxane A2. EC 5.3.99.5.

Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.

A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.

Individuals who have developed skills, physical stamina and strength or participants in SPORTS or other physical activities.

The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.

A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.

Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.

Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.

Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.

Exudates are fluids, CELLS, or other cellular substances that are slowly discharged from BLOOD VESSELS usually from inflamed tissues. Transudates are fluids that pass through a membrane or squeeze through tissue or into the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE of TISSUES. Transudates are thin and watery and contain few cells or PROTEINS.

Measurement of rate of airflow over the middle half of a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination (from the 25 percent level to the 75 percent level). Common abbreviations are MMFR and FEF 25%-75%.

Drugs that bind to and activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, MUSCARINIC). Muscarinic agonists are most commonly used when it is desirable to increase smooth muscle tone, especially in the GI tract, urinary bladder and the eye. They may also be used to reduce heart rate.

BENZOIC ACID amides.

Post-shift changes in pulmonary function in a cement factory in eastern Saudi Arabia. (1/896)

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 1992 in the oldest of three Portland cement producing factories in Eastern Saudi Arabia. The respirable dust level was in excess of the recommended ACGIH level in all sections. Spirometry was done for 149 cement workers and 348 controls, using a Vitalograph spirometer. FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC% and FEF25-75% were calculated and corrected to BTPS. A significantly higher post-shift reduction FEV1, FEV1/FVC% and FEF25-75% was observed in the exposed subjects. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant relationship between post-shift changes and exposure to cement dust but failed to support any relationship with smoking. These findings may indicate an increase in the bronchial muscle tone leading to some degree of bronchoconstriction as a result of an irritant effect induced by the acute exposure to cement dust. (+info)

Mechanisms of capsaicin- and lactic acid-induced bronchoconstriction in the newborn dog. (2/896)

1. Capsaicin activation of the pulmonary C fibre vanilloid receptor (VR1) evokes the pulmonary chemoreflex and reflex bronchoconstriction. Among potential endogenous ligands of C fibre afferents, lactic acid has been suggested as a promising candidate. We tested the hypotheses that (a) lactic acid behaves as a stimulant of C fibre receptors in the newborn dog to cause reflex bronchoconstriction, and (b) lactic acid causes reflex bronchoconstriction via the same pulmonary C fibre receptor mechanism as capsaicin using the competitive capsaicin/VR1 receptor antagonist capsazepine. 2. Right heart injection of lactic acid caused a significant increase (47 +/- 8.0 %) in lung resistance (RL) that was atropine sensitive (reduced by 75 %; P < 0.05), consistent with reflex activation of muscarinic efferents by stimulation of C fibre afferents. 3. Infusion of the competitive capsaicin antagonist capsazepine caused an 80 % reduction (P < 0.01) in the control bronchoconstrictor response (41 +/- 8.5 % increase in RL) to right heart injections of capsaicin. The effects of capsazepine are consistent with reversible blockade of the VR1 receptor to abolish C fibre-mediated reflex bronchoconstriction. 4. Lactic acid-evoked increases in RL were unaffected by VR1 blockade with capsazepine, consistent with a separate lactic acid-induced reflex mechanism. 5. We conclude that (a) putative stimulation of C fibres with lactic acid causes reflex bronchoconstriction in the newborn dog, (b) capsazepine reversibly antagonizes reflex bronchoconstriction elicited by right heart injection of capsaicin, presumably by attenuating capsaicin-induced activation of the C fibre 'capsaicin' receptor (VR1), and (c) capsazepine resistance of lactic acid-induced bronchoconstriction indicates that lactic acid evokes reflex bronchoconstriction by a separate mechanism, possibly via the acid-sensing ionic channel. (+info)

Nitric oxide limits the eicosanoid-dependent bronchoconstriction and hypotension induced by endothelin-1 in the guinea-pig. (3/896)

1. This study attempts to investigate if endogenous nitric oxide (NO) can modulate the eicosanoid-releasing properties of intravenously administered endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the pulmonary and circulatory systems in the guinea-pig. 2. The nitric oxide synthase blocker N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 300 microM; 30 min infusion) potentiated, in an L-arginine sensitive fashion, the release of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) stimulated by ET-1, the selective ET(B) receptor agonist IRL 1620 (Suc-[Glu9,Ala11,15]-ET-1(8-21)) or bradykinin (BK) (5, 50 and 50 nM, respectively, 3 min infusion) in guinea-pig isolated and perfused lungs. 3. In anaesthetized and ventilated guinea-pigs intravenous injection of ET-1 (0.1-1.0 nmol kg(-1)), IRL 1620 (0.2-1.6 nmol kg(-1)), BK (1.0-10.0 nmol kg(-1)) or U 46619 (0.2-5.7 nmol kg(-1)) each induced dose-dependent increases in pulmonary insufflation pressure (PIP). Pretreatment with L-NAME (5 mg kg(-1)) did not change basal PIP, but increased, in L-arginine sensitive manner, the magnitude of the PIP increases (in both amplitude and duration) triggered by each of the peptides (at 0.25, 0.4 and 1.0 nmol kg(-1), respectively), without modifying bronchoconstriction caused by U 46619 (0.57 nmol kg(-1)). 4. The increases in PIP induced by ET-1, IRL 1620 (0.25 and 0.4 nmol kg(-1), respectively) or U 46619 (0.57 nmol kg(-1)) were accompanied by rapid and transient increases of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). Pretreatment with L-NAME (5 mg kg(-1); i.v. raised basal MAP persistently and, under this condition, subsequent administration of ET-1 or IRL 1620, but not of U-46619, induced hypotensive responses which were prevented by pretreatment with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. 5. Thus, endogenous NO appears to modulate ET-1-induced bronchoconstriction and pressor effects in the guinea-pig by limiting the peptide's ability to induce, possibly via ET(B) receptors, the release of TxA2 in the lungs and of vasodilatory prostanoids in the systemic circulation. Furthermore, it would seem that these eicosanoid-dependent actions of ET-1 in the pulmonary system and on systemic arterial resistance in this species are physiologically dissociated. (+info)

Anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in BP2 mice: interactions between serotonin and acetylcholine. (4/896)

1. Immunized BP2 mice developed an acute bronchoconstriction in vivo and airway muscle contraction in vitro in response to ovalbumin (OA) and these contractions were dose dependent. 2. Methysergide or atropine inhibited OA-induced bronchoconstriction in vivo and airway muscle contraction in vitro. 3. Neostigmine potentiated the OA-induced bronchoconstriction in vivo and airway muscle contraction in vitro of BP2 mice. This potentiation was markedly reduced by the administration of methysergide or atropine and when the two antagonists were administered together, the responses were completely inhibited. 4. Neostigmine also potentiated the serotonin (5-HT)- and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced bronchoconstriction and this potentiation was significantly reversed by atropine. 5. These results indicate that OA provokes a bronchoconstriction in immunized BP2 mice by stimulating the release of 5-HT, which in turn acts via the cholinergic mediator, ACh. (+info)

Bronchoconstrictor effect of thrombin and thrombin receptor activating peptide in guinea-pigs in vivo. (5/896)

1. Several thrombin cellular effects are dependent upon stimulation of proteinase activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) localized over the cellular surface. Following activation by thrombin, a new N-terminus peptide is unmasked on PAR-1 receptor, which functions as a tethered ligand for the receptor itself. Synthetic peptides called thrombin receptor activating peptides (TRAPs), corresponding to the N-terminus residue unmasked, reproduce several thrombin cellular effects, but are devoid of catalytic activity. We have evaluated the bronchial response to intravenous administration of human alpha-thrombin or a thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP-9) in anaesthetized, artificially ventilated guinea-pigs. 2. Intravenous injection of thrombin (100 microkg(-1)) caused bronchoconstriction that was recapitulated by injection of TRAP-9 (1 mg kg(-1)). Animal pretreatment with the thrombin inhibitor Hirulog (10 mg kg(-1) i.v.) prevented thrombin-induced bronchoconstriction, but did not affect bronchoconstriction induced by TRAP-9. Both agents did not induce bronchoconstriction when injected intravenously to rats. 3. The bronchoconstrictor effect of thrombin and TRAP-9 was subjected to tolerance; however, in animals desensitized to thrombin effect, TRAP-9 was still capable of inducing bronchoconstriction, but not vice versa. 4. Depleting animals of circulating platelets prevented bronchoconstriction induced by both thrombin and TRAP-9. 5. Bronchoconstriction was paralleled by a biphasic change in arterial blood pressure, characterized by a hypotensive phase followed by a hypertensive phase. Thrombin-induced hypotension was not subject to tolerance and was inhibited by Hirulog; conversely, hypertension was subject to tolerance and was not inhibited by Hirulog. Hypotension and hypertension induced by TRAP-9 were neither subject to tolerance nor inhibited by Hirulog. 6. Our results indicate that thrombin causes bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs through a mechanism that requires proteolytic activation of its receptor and the exposure of the tethered ligand peptide. Platelet activation might be triggered by the thrombin effect. (+info)

Mechanisms of bronchoprotection by anesthetic induction agents: propofol versus ketamine. (6/896)

BACKGROUND: Propofol and ketamine have been purported to decrease bronchoconstriction during induction of anesthesia and intubation. Whether they act on airway smooth muscle or through neural reflexes has not been determined. We compared propofol and ketamine to attenuate the direct activation of airway smooth muscle by methacholine and limit neurally mediated bronchoconstriction (vagal nerve stimulation). METHODS: After approval from the institutional review board, eight sheep were anesthetized with pentobarbital, paralyzed, and ventilated. After left thoracotomy, the bronchial artery was cannulated and perfused. In random order, 5 mg/ml concentrations of propofol, ketamine, and thiopental were infused into the bronchial artery at rates of 0.06, 0.20, and 0.60 ml/min. After 10 min, airway resistance was measured before and after vagal nerve stimulation and methacholine given via the bronchial artery. Data were expressed as a percent of baseline response before infusion of drug and analyzed by analysis of variance with significance set at P< or =0.05. RESULTS: Systemic blood pressure was not affected by any of the drugs (P>0.46). Baseline airway resistance was not different among the three agents (P = 0.56) or by dose (P = 0.96). Infusion of propofol and ketamine into the bronchial artery caused a dose-dependent attenuation of the vagal nerve stimulation-induced bronchoconstriction to 26+/-11% and 8+/-2% of maximum, respectively (P<0.0001). In addition, propofol caused a significant decrease in the methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction to 43+/-27% of maximum at the highest concentration (P = 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: The local bronchoprotective effects of ketamine and propofol on airways is through neurally mediated mechanisms. Although the direct effects on airway smooth muscle occur at high concentrations, these are unlikely to be of primary clinical relevance. (+info)

Deficiency of nitric oxide in polycation-induced airway hyperreactivity. (7/896)

Using a perfused guinea-pig tracheal tube preparation, we investigated the role of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in polycation-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine. Intraluminal (IL) administration of the NO synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 microM) caused a 1.8 fold increase in the maximal contractile response (Emax) to IL methacholine compared to control, without an effect on the pEC50 (-log10 EC50). The polycation poly-L-arginine (100 microg ml(-1), IL) similarly enhanced the Emax for methacholine; however, the pEC50 value was also increased, by one log10 unit. L-NAME had no effect on the enhanced methacholine response of poly-L-arginine-treated airways, while the enhanced agonist response was completely normalized by the polyanion heparin (25 u ml(-1), IL). In addition, the effect of L-NAME was fully restored in the poly-L-arginine plus heparin treated airways. The results indicate that, in addition to enhanced epithelial permeability, a deficiency of endogenous NO contributes to polycation-induced AHR. The latter finding may represent a novel mechanism of AHR induced by eosinophil-derived cationic proteins in allergic asthma. (+info)

Roles of oxygen radicals and elastase in citric acid-induced airway constriction of guinea-pigs. (8/896)

Antioxidants attenuate noncholinergic airway constriction. To further investigate the relationship between tachykinin-mediated airway constriction and oxygen radicals, we explored citric acid-induced bronchial constriction in 48 young Hartley strain guinea-pigs, divided into six groups: control; citric acid; hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes + citric acid; hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes + phosphoramidon + citric acid; dimethylthiourea (DMTU) + citric acid; and DMTU + phosphoramidon + citric acid. Hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes and DMTU are scavengers of oxygen radicals while phosphoramidon is an inhibitor of the major degradation enzyme for tachykinins. Animals were anaesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. Each animal was given 50 breaths of 4 ml saline or citric acid aerosol. We measured dynamic respiratory compliance (Crs), forced expiratory volume in 0.1 (FEV0.1), and maximal expiratory flow at 30% total lung capacity (Vmax30) to evaluate the degree of airway constriction. Citric acid, but not saline, aerosol inhalation caused marked decreases in Crs, FEV0.1 and Vmax30, indicating marked airway constriction. This constriction was significantly attenuated by either hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes or by DMTU. In addition, phosphoramidon significantly reversed the attenuating action of hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes, but not that of DMTU. Citric acid aerosol inhalation caused increases in both lucigenin- and t-butyl hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence counts, indicating citric acid-induced increase in oxygen radicals and decrease in antioxidants in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These alterations were significantly suppressed by either hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes or DMTU. An elastase inhibitor eglin-c also significantly attenuated citric acid-induced airway constriction, indicating the contributing role of elastase in this type of constriction. We conclude that both oxygen radicals and elastase play an important role in tachykinin-mediated, citric acid-induced airway constriction. (+info)

The preferred term for this condition is exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB); exercise does not cause asthma, but is ... Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction can be difficult to diagnose clinically given the lack of specific symptoms[2] and ... Khan, DA (Jan-Feb 2012). "Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: burden and prevalence". Allergy and Asthma Proceedings. 33 (1 ... 2008). "Pulmonary gas exchange response to exercise- and mannitol-induced bronchoconstriction in mild asthma". J Appl Physiol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise-induced_asthma

... bronchoconstriction[citation needed] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_receptor

"Medical Definition of BRONCHOCONSTRICTION". www.merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Retrieved 29 November 2017 ... Through their action on CysLT1 these leukotrienes can trigger bronchoconstriction, a state in which the bronchial passages of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zafirlukast

Weiss P, Rundell KW (November 2009). "Imitators of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction". Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cord_dysfunction

In both cases, bronchoconstriction is prominent. During an asthma episode, inflamed airways react to environmental triggers ... and episodes of bronchoconstriction. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 1 in 11 children and 1 in 12 ... where this initial insult is followed 3-12 hours later with further bronchoconstriction and inflammation. The normal caliber of ... in bronchial smooth muscle cells which leads to muscle shortening and this initiates bronchoconstriction. The mechanisms behind ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology_of_asthma

It is the opposite of bronchoconstriction. Bronchodilators induce bronchodilatation, while there are many drugs that may induce ... bronchoconstriction. Tobacco can cure one typology of asthma.[citation needed] Autonomic nervous system response: A sympathetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchodilatation

Exercise can trigger bronchoconstriction both in people with or without asthma. It occurs in most people with asthma and up to ... Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is common in professional athletes. The highest rates are among cyclists (up to 45%), ... Wilkinson M, Hart A, Milan SJ, Sugumar K (June 2014). "Vitamins C and E for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction". ... Milan SJ, Hart A, Wilkinson M (October 2013). "Vitamin C for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction". The Cochrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma

This was likely caused by bronchoconstriction. Bronchoconstriction occurred due to constriction of smooth muscle and airway ... sarafotoxins cause bronchoconstriction, increasing airway resistance. The bronchoconstriction is also caused by left ... Acute hypoxemia was due to bronchoconstriction and pulmonary edema. Hypoxemia was associated with metabolic acidosis and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarafotoxin

It is an important mediator of bronchoconstriction. It causes platelets to aggregate and blood vessels to dilate. Thus, it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet-activating_factor

Bronchoconstriction Bronchodilation Wheezing Marsh, Alex; Gordon, David; Heslop, Pauline; Pantazis, Christina (2000). "Housing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchospasm

Bronchoconstriction can result in clinical symptoms such as wheezing, chest tightness, and dyspnea, which are common features ... A decrease in diameter is called bronchoconstriction, which is the tightening of the smooth muscle surrounding the bronchi and ... "Pathophysiology of Bronchoconstriction: Role of Oxidatively DamagedDNA Repair". Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchiole

10 May 2010 Balmes, J.R.; Fine, J.M.; Sheppard, D. (1987). "Symptomatic bronchoconstriction after short-term inhalation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution

February 2004). "Exaggerated bronchoconstriction due to inhalation challenges with occupational agents". Eur Respir J. 23 (2): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_inhalation_challenge

These functions include, among others, bronchoconstriction and gland secretion. The cell bodies for the preganglionic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve

Both drugs provoke bronchoconstriction, or narrowing of the airways. Whereas histamine causes nasal and bronchial mucus ... secretion and bronchoconstriction via the H1 receptor, methacholine utilizes the M3 receptor for bronchoconstriction. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchial_challenge_test

Burke, TV; Küng, M; Burki, NK (1989). "Pulmonary gas exchange during histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic ... changes little with bronchoconstriction or when breathing hard during exercise. Birds have a disproportionately large anatomic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_space_(physiology)

... airway bronchoconstriction and hyper-responsiveness to bronchoconstriction agents such as histamine; increased vascular ... see Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction); and childhood sleep apnea due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy (see Acquired non- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cysteinyl_leukotriene_receptor_1

... also results in bronchoconstriction in order to decrease ventilation. This mechanism is meant to counteract ... Chemoreceptors are responsible for signaling vasoconstriction, vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, and bronchodilation.[citation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocapnia

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) indicates acute narrowing of the airways as a result of vigorous exercise. EIB seems ... Hemilä, Harri (2014). "The effect of vitamin C on bronchoconstriction and respiratory symptoms caused by exercise: A review and ... Hemilä, Harri (2013). "Vitamin C may alleviate exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: A meta-analysis". BMJ Open. 3 (6): e002416 ... all of which cause bronchoconstriction. Vitamin C participates in the metabolism of these mediators and might thereby influence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C_megadosage

Burke, TV; Küng, M; Burki, NK (1989). "Pulmonary gas exchange during histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system

... see Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction); and childhood sleep apnea due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy (see Acquired non- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eicosanoid

a b c Khan, DA (2012 Jan-Feb). "Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: burden and prevalence.". Allergy and asthma proceedings ... Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Olahraga dapat memicu terjadinya penyempitan ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma

He died in 1888 following a massive goiter disease with bronchoconstriction. Among Maier's written works were biographical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Robert_Maier

Partitioning airway and lung tissue resistances in humans: effects of bronchoconstriction. J Appl Physiol 82: 1531-1541, 1997. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysteresivity

J.R. Balmes, J.M. Fine, D. Sheppard Symptomatic bronchoconstriction after short-term inhalation of sulfur dioxide Am. Rev. ... When asthmatics are exposed to these conditions it can trigger bronchoconstriction. Similarly, so called fine particulate ... quality law Bioaerosol Criteria air contaminants Environmental impact of the coal industry Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates

These are long-term medications taken routinely in order to control and prevent bronchoconstriction. They are not intended for ... Short-acting medications provide quick or "rescue" relief from acute bronchoconstriction. Long-acting bronchodilators help to ... Short-acting bronchodilators are used for relief of bronchoconstriction, while long-acting bronchodilators are predominantly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchodilator

Magnesium exerts a bronchodilatatory effect, probably by antagonizing calcium-mediated bronchoconstriction. reducing electrical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_deficiency

bronchoconstriction. Role in pharmacologyEdit. InhibitionEdit. See also: Prostaglandin antagonist and Mechanism of action of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin

... such as that observed during bronchoconstriction and bladder voiding.[21] However, with respect to vasculature, activation of M ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: burden and prevalence.. Allergy and asthma proceedings : the official journal of regional ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/哮喘

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise-induced_asthma

Bronchoconstriction is defined as the narrowing of the airways in the lungs (bronchi and bronchioles). Air flow in air passages ... Bronchoconstriction is the constriction of the airways in the lungs due to the tightening of surrounding smooth muscle, with ... Pharmacotherapy of bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma by antiepileptic drugs Why Do So Many Winter Olympians Have ... Prevention of bronchoconstriction by this pathway is vital for emphysema sufferers and there are several anticholinergic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchoconstriction

... bronchoconstriction affects the airways in a persons lungs. ... Bronchoconstriction. Say: brong-ko-kun-strik-shun. Doesnt this ... Bronchoconstriction happens to people who have asthma, but asthma medicines can help relax the muscles in the airways and make ... These airways have muscles, but not the kind you flex! When bronchoconstriction occurs, the muscles surrounding the airways ... sound like a cross between a dinosaur and a snake? Actually, bronchoconstriction affects the airways in a persons lungs. You ...

https://www.kidshealth.org/Nemours/en/kids/word-bronchoconstriction.html

This is called exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). In the past this was a called exercise-induced asthma. Exercise does ... Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction update - 2016. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;138(5):1292-1295.e36. PMID: 27665489 ncbi.nlm. ... Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. In: Miller MD, Thompson SR, eds. DeLee, Drez, & Millers Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. 5th ... This is called exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). In the past this was a called exercise-induced asthma. Exercise does ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000036.htm

Adrenaline, bronchoconstriction, and asthma. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1986; 293 :539 ... Adrenaline, bronchoconstriction, and asthma.. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1986; 293 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.293.6546.539 ( ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/293/6546/539

... known as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, causes people to experience asthma attacks triggered during or shortly following ... Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in kids. If you notice that your child has the following symptoms, including any of those ... What causes exercise-induced bronchoconstriction?. Breathing in cold, dry air is thought to be a common trigger for EIB. It was ... How to exercise with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. If you have EIB, you can still exercise, but you may want to make ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/exercise-induced-asthma

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction can be difficult to diagnose clinically given the lack of specific symptoms and frequent ... There is, of course, no reason why asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction should not co-exist but the distinction is ... The preferred term for this condition is exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB); exercise does not cause asthma, but is ... In true exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, the results should be within normal limits. Should resting values be abnormal, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise-induced_bronchoconstriction

Definition of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Provided by Stedmans medical dictionary and Drugs.com. Includes medical ...

https://www.drugs.com/dict/exercise-induced-bronchoconstriction.html

Bronchoconstriction happens to people who have asthma, but asthma medicines can help relax the muscles in the airways and make ... Doesnt this sound like a cross between a dinosaur and a snake? Actually, bronchoconstriction affects the airways in a persons ... These airways have muscles, but not the kind you flex! When bronchoconstriction occurs, the muscles surrounding the airways ...

https://www.rchsd.org/health-articles/word-bronchoconstriction/

Do dairy products induce bronchoconstriction in adults with asthma?. Woods RK1, Weiner JM, Abramson M, Thien F, Walters EH. ... We sought to determine whether dairy products induce bronchoconstriction in a group of adults with asthma. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9449500?dopt=Abstract

From bronchoconstriction to airways inflammation and remodeling.. Bousquet J1, Jeffery PK, Busse WW, Johnson M, Vignola AM. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10806180?dopt=Abstract

Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction in School Children. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility ... Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction in School Children - Prevalence, Environmental/Individual Risk Factors and Its Mechanism. ... The goal of the project is to define the prevalence and inflammatory background of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) ... The obtained results will provide objective measures on biological processes leading to bronchoconstriction during exercise, as ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01798823?recr=Open&intr=%22Personal+Health+Records%22&rank=8

Treating or preventing bronchoconstriction or pulmonary hypertension with compound (1) or its inhalation as application/dosage ... Treating or preventing bronchoconstriction or pulmonary hypertension with compound (2) or its inhalation as application/dosage ... 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said bronchoconstriction is associated with asthma. 10. A method for treating or preventing ... Treating or preventing bronchoconstriction or pulmonary hypertension with compound (3) or (4) or their inhalation as ...

https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2008/0138444.html

Reduced availability of arginine may be involved, resulting in problems with bronchoconstriction from reduced levels of nitric ... Conditions: Asthma, Bronchoconstriction, Inflammation. *Supplements: Arginine, Citrulline, Ornithine, Rhubarb (Rheum ...

https://www.rainbow.coop/nutritional-library/condition/bronchoconstriction/

More From BioPortfolio on "Reversal of Acute β-Blocker Induced Bronchoconstriction". *Related Companies*Related Clinical Trials ... While β2-agonists are highly effective for the acute relief of bronchoconstriction, their chronic use is accompanied by an ... Reversal of Acute β-Blocker Induced Bronchoconstriction. 2014-08-27 03:15:50 , BioPortfolio ... their potential to cause acute bronchoconstriction (irrespective of long-term benefit) and the possibility that they could ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/67823/Reversal-of-Acute-Blocker-Induced-Bronchoconstriction.html

These findings suggest that acute bronchoconstriction, particularly in small airways, and respiratory symptoms occurring in ... Bronchoconstriction during the first few hours work was significantly potentiated by propranolol in the group of potroom ...

http://oem.bmj.com/content/36/3/211

Child health , Lungs & airways , Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Lungs & airways , Asthma (chronic) , Nonsteroid ... Nedocromil sodium for preventing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Exercise-induced asthma can limit peoples endurance, ... Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) following strenuous physical exertion afflicts many people. It can be the cause of ... Randomised trials comparing a single dose of nedocromil sodium with placebo to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in ...

https://www.cochrane.org/CD001183/AIRWAYS_nedocromil-sodium-for-preventing-exercise-induced-bronchoconstriction

20 referred subjects with symptoms strong indications of Exercise-Induced bronchoconstriction performed two consecutive ... Exercise-Induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is related to increased ventilation (VE) during exercise and describes the transient ... "Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction Diagnostics: Impact of a Repeated Exercise Challenge Test" written by Maj R. Angell, Liv ...

https://www.scirp.org/journal/papercitationdetails.aspx?PaperID=45573&JournalID=824

We hypothesized that maximal bronchoconstriction can be predicted from the bronchomoter effect of deep inhalation (DI) and the ... Maximal bronchoconstriction in humans. Relationship to deep inhalation and airway sensitivity Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 ... We hypothesized that maximal bronchoconstriction can be predicted from the bronchomoter effect of deep inhalation (DI) and the ... effect of DI during induced bronchoconstriction and airway sensitivity predict the level of maximal bronchoconstriction in vivo ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8542103/?dopt=Abstract

R W Fuller, C M S Dixon, C T Dollery, P J Barnes; Bradykinin Induced Bronchoconstriction in Man. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 January 1985 ... Perception of bronchoconstriction in obstructive pulmonary diseases (disease-specific dyspnoea) Clin Sci (Lond) (August,2003) ... Sympathoadrenal Responses to Bronchoconstriction in Asthma: An Invasive and Kinetic Study of Plasma Catecholamines Clin Sci ( ... Perception of bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in asthma Clin Sci (Lond) (May,2000) ...

https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/68/s11/35P/102809/Bradykinin-Induced-Bronchoconstriction-in-Man

However, no study has examined the relationship between vitamin D levels and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in a … ... Serum vitamin D levels and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children with asthma Eur Respir J. 2011 Jun;37(6):1366-70. ... However, no study has examined the relationship between vitamin D levels and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21071468/

If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...

https://thorax.bmj.com/content/45/7/571.4

This inflammation leads to bronchoconstriction, or the tightening of the muscles around the airways, causing the airways to ...

https://blausen.com/en/video/bronchoconstriction-causing-asthma/

However, it is able to detect accurately nocturnal bronchoconstriction for 30 minute intervals. This finding, along with the ... CONCLUSIONS: The ELENS-DSA system is a relatively crude means of detecting wheezing and assessing bronchoconstriction ...

http://thorax.bmj.com/content/51/7/694

Airway injury as a mechanism for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in elite athletes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;122:225-35 ... Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a transient narrowing of the airways that occurs during or after exercise. ... Exhaled nitric oxide predicts exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic school children. Chest 2005;128:1964-7. ... Ascorbic acid supplementation attenuates exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma. Respir Med 2007;101:1770 ...

https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/6/e002416

Perception of bronchoconstriction in smokers with airflow limitation R. OTTANELLI; R. OTTANELLI ... We hypothesized that dynamic hyperinflation accounts in part for the variability in dyspnoea during acute bronchoconstriction. ... Perception of bronchoconstriction in smokers with airflow limitation. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 November 2001; 101 (5): 515-522. doi: ... affects the perception of dyspnoea during induced bronchoconstriction in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. ...

https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/101/5/515/66661/Perception-of-bronchoconstriction-in-smokers-with?redirectedFrom=PDF

Long-term maintenance treatment of COPD-associated bronchoconstriction. Pharmacology: Perforomist is a solution formulation of ... study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Perforomist in treating adults diagnosed with COPD-associated bronchoconstriction ...

https://www.clinicaladvisor.com/home/drug-update/perforomist-inhalation-solution-for-bronchoconstriction/

Perception of bronchoconstriction in smokers with airflow limitation. R. OTTANELLI, E. ROSI, M.C. RONCHI, M. GRAZZINI, B. ... Perception of bronchoconstriction in smokers with airflow limitation. R. OTTANELLI, E. ROSI, M.C. RONCHI, M. GRAZZINI, B. ... Perception of bronchoconstriction in smokers with airflow limitation Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you ... We hypothesized that dynamic hyperinflation accounts in part for the variability in dyspnoea during acute bronchoconstriction. ...

http://www.clinsci.org/content/101/5/515

Perception of bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in asthma. R. OTTANELLI, E. ROSI, I. ROMAGNOLI, M. C. ... Perception of bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in asthma. R. OTTANELLI, E. ROSI, I. ROMAGNOLI, M. C. ... Perception of bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in asthma Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page ... We conclude that, unlike in previous studies, the ability to perceive acute bronchoconstriction may be reduced as background ...

http://www.clinsci.org/content/98/6/681

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) occurs to some degree in 70-80% of asthmatic patients. This bronchoconstriction is ... The reproducibility and sample size requirements of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction measurements. B. Dahlén, P.M. OByrne ... The reproducibility and sample size requirements of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction measurements. B. Dahlén, P.M. OByrne ... The reproducibility and sample size requirements of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction measurements. B. Dahlén, P.M. OByrne ...

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/17/4/581.full

It is also important to distinguish those who have asthma with exercise worsening, and who consequently will have abnormal testing at rest, from true exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, where there will be normal baseline results. (wikipedia.org)
There is, of course, no reason why asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction should not co-exist but the distinction is important because without successful treatment of underlying asthma, treatment of an exercise component will likely be unsuccessful. (wikipedia.org)
More generally termed exercise-induced asthma, the preferred and more accurate term exercise-induced bronchoconstriction better reflects underlying pathophysiology. (wikipedia.org)
Bronchoconstriction is common in people with respiratory problems, such as asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis. (wikipedia.org)
Medication challenge tests, such as the methacholine challenge test, have a lower sensitivity for detection of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in athletes and are also not a recommended first-line approach in the evaluation of exercise-induced asthma. (wikipedia.org)
Bronchoconstriction happens to people who have asthma , but asthma medicines can help relax the muscles in the airways and make breathing easier. (kidshealth.org)
Adrenaline, bronchoconstriction, and asthma. (bmj.com)
Morice A , Sever P , Ind P . Adrenaline, bronchoconstriction, and asthma. (bmj.com)
In people with exercise-induced asthma, now referred to as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), this inflammation in the airways is triggered by exercise. (healthline.com)
Do dairy products induce bronchoconstriction in adults with asthma? (nih.gov)
We sought to determine whether dairy products induce bronchoconstriction in a group of adults with asthma. (nih.gov)
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said bronchoconstriction is associated with asthma. (freepatentsonline.com)
Asthma was originally thought to be associated with an intrinsic defect of β2- adrenoceptor function tipping the balance towards parasympathetic bronchoconstriction. (bioportfolio.com)
Despite this early evidence supporting chronic use of β blockers in asthma, there is concern in 2 major regards: their potential to cause acute bronchoconstriction (irrespective of long-term benefit) and the possibility that they could block the reliever action of β-agonists. (bioportfolio.com)
The inter-relationship between the perception of bronchoconstriction, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and temporal adaptation in asthma is still a matter of debate. (clinsci.org)
We conclude that, unlike in previous studies, the ability to perceive acute bronchoconstriction may be reduced as background airflow obstruction increases in asthma. (clinsci.org)
This bronchoconstriction is thought to be a manifestation of airway hyperresponsiveness and as such, does not cause an inflammatory response or worsening of the underlying asthma. (ersjournals.com)
Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB) was first recognised in people with asthma in response to exercise in the 1960s, where forced expiratory volume (FEV 1 ) was reduced with exercise duration of 5-10 minutes and fell below the resting level during and after the exercise. (bimuno.com)
There is a high prevalence of Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction in the asthmatic population because asthma is a comorbid factor for EIB, and 90% of asthmatics will experience EIB. (bimuno.com)
ATS guidelines recommend differentiating exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in patients with asthma from EIB in individuals without underlying asthma. (clinicaladvisor.com)
Exercise-induced asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) are synonymous terms used to describe a reversible airway disease and refer to the post-exercise decrement in airway function, characterised by airway narrowing and increased airway resistance, which can lead to symptoms of cough, wheezing and/or chest tightness after exercise. (journals.co.za)
What Causes Airway Instability And Ventilation Defects During Bronchoconstriction In Asthma? (necsi.edu)
Marcus A.M. De Aguiar, Andreas Gros, Yaneer Bar-Yam, Jose G. Venegas, and Tilo Winkler, What causes airway instability and ventilation defects during bronchoconstriction in asthma? (necsi.edu)
Protective effect of fish oil supplementation on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. (semanticscholar.org)
An update on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction with and without asthma. (thefreedictionary.com)
Exercise and other indirect challenges to demonstrate asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in athletes. (thefreedictionary.com)
Endothelin-1-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. (semanticscholar.org)
Asthma control measured by the Asthma Score does not correlate with the finding of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (asthmahandbook.org.au)
The release of ET-1 from bronchial epithelium through the influence of many inflammatory cells essential in asthma and interactions with other cytokines, may play an important role in increase of airway inflammation which was observed after postexercise bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients. (biomedcentral.com)
The bronchoconstriction part of asthma is treated with bronchodilator medicines (also known as reliever or quick relief medicines). (metaglossary.com)
Bronchoconstriction is one cause of asthma symptoms. (metaglossary.com)
Boulet LP, O'Byrne PM. Asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in athletes. (5minuteconsult.com)
The ventilatory pattern changes observed after bronchoconstriction in the present study were similar to those seen in chronic stable asthma. (levelofhealth.com)
A high percentage of individuals with asthma also experience exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). (biomedcentral.com)
Recent studies from our lab using positron emission tomography (PET) functional imaging have shown for the first time that dramatic perfusion redistribution, away from patchy areas of low ventilation, take place in spontaneously breathing human subjects with asthma during methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction. (massgeneral.org)
The long-term objective of this research is to understand the mechanisms of, and factors that modify, the regional perfusion redistribution during bronchoconstriction in asthma. (massgeneral.org)
Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (also called EIB) or Exercise-Induced Asthma, is a narrowing of the airways that makes it hard to move air out of the lungs. (aaaai.org)
This means I don't have asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (aaaai.org)
My child with asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction can't exercise and should be kept out of gym class. (aaaai.org)
If appropriately evaluated and treated, the vast majority of children and adults with asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction can fully participate in exercise. (aaaai.org)
Many patients with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and asthma benefit from a written treatment plan. (aaaai.org)
If I experience wheezing, coughing, or shortness of breath with exercise, I definitely have exercise-induced bronchoconstriction or asthma. (aaaai.org)
If a child is generally not active and avoids participating in sports, he or she may have exercise-induced bronchoconstriction or asthma. (aaaai.org)
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and asthma can be subtle. (aaaai.org)
Allergen provocation of allergic asthma patients is often characterized by an initial period of bronchoconstriction, or early phase reaction (EPR), that leads to maximal airway narrowing within 15-30 min, followed by a recovery period returning airway function to baseline within 1-2 h. (elsevier.com)

Inhaled heparin prevents antigen-induced bronchoconstriction and inhibits anti-IgE-mediated mastcell degranulation. (elsevier.com)
Therefore, in the present investigation we studied the effects of a nonanticoagulant fraction of heparin (LA-heparin) on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and mast-cell degranulation, and compared its antiallergic activity with that of a low molecular weight heparin (LMW- heparin, fragmin). (elsevier.com)
LA-heparin caused a dose-dependent inhibition of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, and a 5-mg/kg nebulized dose caused a 67% inhibition of allergic bronchoconstriction, whereas a 2.5-mg/kg dose was ineffective (20% inhibition). (elsevier.com)

From bronchoconstriction to airways inflammation and remodeling. (nih.gov)
This inflammation leads to bronchoconstriction, or the tightening of the muscles around the airways, causing the airways to become narrow and making it hard to breathe. (blausen.com)
and its activity in reducing bronchoconstriction and pulmonary inflammation in rodent models of airway disease. (aspetjournals.org)
The findings using the compressive in vitro system have already led to experiments in humans showing that methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, in the absence of eosinophilic inflammation, can lead to collagen deposition under the epithelial monolayer, enhanced expression of TGF-*, and increased numbers of goblet cells - key aspects of airway remodeling. (harvard.edu)
Mast cells synthesize and release leukotrienes in those who are susceptible to exercise- induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) but are probably not the only source, especially in individuals with underlying airway inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)

Bronchoconstriction is the constriction of the airways in the lungs due to the tightening of surrounding smooth muscle, with consequent coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. (wikipedia.org)
Bronchoconstriction is defined as the narrowing of the airways in the lungs (bronchi and bronchioles). (wikipedia.org)
Actually, bronchoconstriction affects the airways in a person's lungs . (kidshealth.org)
When bronchoconstriction occurs, the muscles surrounding the airways contract, or tighten. (kidshealth.org)
These findings suggest that acute bronchoconstriction, particularly in small airways, and respiratory symptoms occurring in certain potroom workers may be based on an alteration in autonomic balance with vagal preponderance. (bmj.com)
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a transient narrowing of the airways that occurs during or after exercise. (bmj.com)
Overproduction of inflammatory mediators, underproduction of protective lipid mediators, and infiltration of the airways with eosinophils and mast cells are all established contributors to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (brunel.ac.uk)
Exercise is a known stimulus for transient narrowing of the airways, such as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO). (diva-portal.org)
This narrowing of the airways is known as bronchoconstriction. (kidshealth.org)
When the muscle that wraps around the bronchi constricts or tightens, the airways narrow, resulting in bronchoconstriction (bronchospasm). (metaglossary.com)
Bronchoconstriction means the muscles surrounding the airways contract and tighten (constrict), squeezing and narrowing the airways. (metaglossary.com)
INTRODUCTION: Exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is transient narrowing of lower respiratory tract airways after exercise. (who.int)
begingroup$ You should think about bronchoconstriction as the constriction of bronchi (airways), not lung arteries. (stackexchange.com)
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is exaggerated constriction of the airways usually soon after cessation of exercise. (univ-lille.fr)

We hypothesized that dynamic hyperinflation accounts in part for the variability in dyspnoea during acute bronchoconstriction. (portlandpress.com)
These data suggest that: (1) fractionated heparins attenuate antigen-induced acute bronchoconstriction, (2) nonanticoagulant fractions mediate the antiallergic activity of inhaled heparin, and (3) antiallergic activity of nonanticoagulant heparin and LMW- heparin may be related to prevention of mast-cell degranulation. (elsevier.com)

In patients with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), is nedocromil sodium effective for reducing the severity and duration of symptoms? (acpjc.org)
In patients with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, nedocromil sodium decreases the reduction in airflow and time to recovery. (acpjc.org)

However, respiratory water loss leads to the release of inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, leukotrienes (LTs) and prostaglandins (PGs), all of which can cause bronchoconstriction. (bmj.com)
Why does histamine cause bronchoconstriction? (stackexchange.com)

The objective of this review was to assess the effects of a single dose of nedocromil sodium to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (cochrane.org)
Randomised trials comparing a single dose of nedocromil sodium with placebo to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in patients with EIB over six years of age. (cochrane.org)

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) occurs to some degree in 70-80% of asthmatic patients. (ersjournals.com)
The guidelines define exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) as "acute airway narrowing that occurs as a result of exercise. (thefreedictionary.com)
[1-4] Bronchoconstriction after induction of anesthesia occurs much less frequently during anesthesia administered by face mask compared with anesthesia administered via an endotracheal tube (ETT). (asahq.org)
Because exercise-induced bronchoconstriction usually occurs after exercise, it may not affect exercise performance. (asthmahandbook.org.au)

Medical management of transient bronchoconstriction or chronic bronchitis depends on the severity and etiology of the underlying disease and can be treated with combinations of the following medications: B-receptor agonists: Medications that stimulate the β2 receptor subtype on pulmonary smooth muscle will result in smooth muscle relaxation, bronchodilation, and increased airflow into the lungs during inhalation. (wikipedia.org)
1. A method for treating or preventing bronchoconstriction or reversible pulmonary vaso-constriction in a mammal, which method comprises identifying a mammal in need of such treatment or prevention, causing said mammal to inhale a therapeutically-effective dose of gaseous nitric oxide, and prior to, during, or immediately after said inhalation step, introducing into said mammal a therapeutically-effective amount of a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator. (freepatentsonline.com)
10. A method for treating or preventing bronchoconstriction or reversible pulmonary vaso-constriction in a mammal, which method comprises identifying a mammal in need of such treatment or prevention, causing said mammal to inhale a therapeutically-effective dose of a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator. (freepatentsonline.com)

To our knowledge, no data have been provided as to whether and to what extent dynamic hyperinflation, through its deleterious effect on inspiratory muscle function, affects the perception of dyspnoea during induced bronchoconstriction in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. (portlandpress.com)
Thus acute hyperinflation, and to a lesser extent treatment score and age, account in part for the variability in the perception of dyspnoea after accounting for changes in FEV 1 during bronchoconstriction in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. (clinsci.org)
When airflow is obstructed as a result of exercise, someone may be experiencing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). (everydayhealth.com)

Background Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a prototypical feature of indirect airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is a manifestation of airway hyperresponsiveness. (asthmahandbook.org.au)
EIB is bronchoconstriction that develops occasionally during physical activity (if the activity is of sufficient duration) but usually develops 10 to 30 minutes after physical activity in individuals with underlying airway hyperresponsiveness [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Vitamin C is involved in the metabolism of histamine, prostaglandins, and cysteinyl leukotrienes, all of which appear to be mediators in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). (biomedcentral.com)
The dose of LTD 4 required to produce clinical bronchoconstriction has been estimated to be 1,000- to 10,000-fold lower than that of histamine or methacholine, which indicates that these mediators are extremely potent [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We hypothesized that maximal bronchoconstriction can be predicted from the bronchomoter effect of deep inhalation (DI) and the degree of airway sensitivity to methacholine (MCh). (nih.gov)
To establish whether the attainment of maximal flow rate during tidal expiration could elicit dynamic elevation of EELV, breathing pattern, change in EELV by measuring inspiratory capacity (IC) and occurrence of EFL by the negative expiratory pressure (NEP) method were monitored in 10 stable asthmatic subjects during methacholine-induced, progressive bronchoconstriction in seated position. (ersjournals.com)
It is concluded that in acute methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, dynamic hyperinflation may occur in the absence of expiratory flow limitation and that expiratory flow limitation does not represent the triggering factor to generate dynamic hyperinflation. (ersjournals.com)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effect of different doses of inhaled fenoterol (F) on bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine (M). DESIGN: randomized double-blind study. (scielo.br)
Neutrophil sequestration in the lungs and their enrichment, together with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were associated with bronchoconstriction and bronchopulmonary hyperreactivity (BHR) to methacholine and alveolocapillary dysfunction. (pasteur.fr)
In this regard, these subjects responded in a similar manner to patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema, who respond to methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction with alveolar hypoventilation, which is in contrast to the hyperventilation occurring with spontaneous bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. (levelofhealth.com)
The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effect of LMWH on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction and to compare the effect of LMWH with that of standard heparin. (marmara.edu.tr)
The standard heparin and enoksaparin inhibited bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine. (marmara.edu.tr)
Conclusions: These data suggest that both inhaled LMWH and inhaled standard heparin play inhibitory roles in methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction. (marmara.edu.tr)

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction can be difficult to diagnose clinically given the lack of specific symptoms [2] and frequent misinterpretation as manifestations of vigorous exercise. (wikipedia.org)
Because of the wide differential diagnosis of exertional respiratory complaints, the diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction based on history and self-reported symptoms alone has been shown to be inaccurate [4] [5] and will result in an incorrect diagnosis more than 50% of the time. (wikipedia.org)
There is increasing evidence to suggest many elite athletes fail to recognise and report symptoms of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), supporting the contention that athletes should be screened routinely for EIB. (unboundmedicine.com)
Don't rely on self-reported symptoms to diagnose exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) (A). (thefreedictionary.com)
Consider objective testing to confirm exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (e.g. referral to a accredited respiratory function laboratory for indirect challenge testing) if exercise-related symptoms do not respond to treatment, or if required for competitive sport or employment. (asthmahandbook.org.au)
Symptoms of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction include cough, wheeze, a feeling of tightness in the chest, breathlessness, excessive mucus production. (asthmahandbook.org.au)
Even mild symptoms of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction may indicate that, under the 'right' circumstances, you may experience symptoms. (aaaai.org)
Sports that involve continuous exercise or cold weather are more likely to trigger symptoms of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (aaaai.org)

Inhalation of allergens in sensitized subjects develops into bronchoconstriction within 10 minutes, reaches a maximum within 30 minutes, and usually resolves itself within one to three hours. (wikipedia.org)

This could be a function of the degree of bronchoconstriction, the length of time over which it occurred, or of the bronchoconstrictor stimulus itself. (levelofhealth.com)

Severe bronchoconstriction as part of a suspected anaphylactic reaction in a dog following administr. (bva.co.uk)
An anaphylactic reaction was suspected, characterised by severe bronchoconstriction and cardiovascular collapse. (bva.co.uk)
Severe bronchoconstriction can result from Provocholine administration (including the lowest dose). (drugs.com)

With emphysema the shortness of breath due to effective bronchoconstriction from excessive very thick mucus blockage (it is so thick that great difficulty is encountered in expelling it resulting in near exhaustion at times) can bring on panic attacks unless the individual expects this and has effectively learned pursed lip breathing to more quickly transfer oxygen to the blood via the damaged alveoli resulting from the disease. (wikipedia.org)
Bronchoconstriction can also be due to an accumulation of thick mucus. (metaglossary.com)

Treadmill or ergometer-based testing in lung function laboratories are effective methods for diagnosing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, but may result in false negatives if the exercise stimulus is not intense enough. (wikipedia.org)
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a lung condition. (inova.org)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of halothane (Hal), isoflurane (Iso), sevoflurane (Sev) and desflurane (Des) to alter the lung mechanics in the absence of an airway tone and during acetylcholine (Ach)-induced bronchoconstriction. (elsevier.com)
Under those conditions, bronchoconstriction and BHR by LPS also recovered, showing that these functional effects are independent from BALF neutrophil enrichment but require lung sequestration. (pasteur.fr)
Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after vinblastine counteracted its effects and allowed the recovery of lung neutrophil sequestration by LPS and a partial recovery of bronchoconstriction under conditions where neutrophils still failed to migrate to BALF. (pasteur.fr)
Dexamethasone (the phosphate salt and its free base) suppressed LPS-induced TNF-alpha generation in BALF and its neutrophil enrichment, whereas neutrophil lung sequestration, bronchoconstriction, BHR, and alveolocapillary dysfunction were marginally reduced and only so at low doses of dexamethasone, higher doses being inactive or aggravating. (pasteur.fr)
Thus, C activation by CVF results in an increase in neutrophils in the lung and an enhanced Ag-induced bronchoconstriction dependent on the presence of circulating granulocytes. (umn.edu)
These studies suggest that C activation and/or retention of granulocytes in the lung may be important in determining the severity of an Ag-induced bronchoconstriction. (umn.edu)

The goal of the project is to define the prevalence and inflammatory background of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in school children and determine individual and environmental risk factors for EIB. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Data Source: A randomized trial of 66 children aged 6-14 years who had a history of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction or wheeze/shortness of breath with exercise. (thefreedictionary.com)

Inhibition of LTB4 -induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs following 0.1 mg/kg prior to challenge. (nih.gov)
Inhaled fragmin was more potent than LA-heparin, as shown by 84% (2.5 mg/kg) and 82% (5 mg/kg) inhibition of allergic bronchoconstriction. (elsevier.com)

Granulocyte depletion by the myelotoxic drug vinblastine failed to modify TNF-alpha production and prevented LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment to lungs and BALF, bronchoconstriction, and BHR. (pasteur.fr)

This Research Spotlight introduces Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction, a physical response to exercise that is of concern to both athletes and recreational exercisers. (bimuno.com)
Background The International Olympic Committee-Medical Commission (IOC-MC) accepts a number of bronchial provocation tests for the diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in elite athletes, none of which have been studied in elite swimmers. (bmj.com)
Purpose Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is high among ice rink athletes and may be related to exercise ventilation of rink air pollutants. (ovid.com)
BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated that fish oil supplementation has a protective effect on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in elite athletes, which may be attributed to its antiinflammatory properties. (semanticscholar.org)
Vitamin D and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in athletes with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: a pilot study. (semanticscholar.org)
Airway injury as a mechanism for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in elite athletes. (thefreedictionary.com)
Exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is more prevalent in elite athletes compared to controls. (biomedcentral.com)

Nedocromil sodium used before exercise reduces the severity and duration of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (cochrane.org)

Although evaporative water loss and thermal changes have been recognized stimuli for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, accumulating evidence points toward a pivotal role for the airway epithelium in orchestrating the inflammatory response linked to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (brunel.ac.uk)

Combining fish oil and vitamin C supplementation will provide a greater anti-inflammatory effect against developing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) than either nutritional supplement alone. (clinicaltrials.gov)

THE mechanical irritation caused by an endotracheal tube often leads to reflex bronchoconstriction, which may be especially profound in patients with reactive airway disease. (asahq.org)

Role of histamine released in hypertonic saline induced bronchoconstriction. (bmj.com)
Adrenergic influences on histamine-mediated bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig. (harvard.edu)

We conclude that the magnitude of the bronchodilator effect of DI during induced bronchoconstriction and airway sensitivity predict the level of maximal bronchoconstriction in vivo. (nih.gov)
Even if I used my short-acting bronchodilator (such as albuterol) before exercise, I can use it again if I begin to have exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. (aaaai.org)

Usually, the diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is based on a 10 percent or greater decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) caused by exercise. (thefreedictionary.com)

The current study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that insertion of an LMA would be less likely to result in reversible bronchoconstriction than would insertion of an ETT. (asahq.org)

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) following strenuous physical exertion afflicts many people. (cochrane.org)

Guinea pigs were depleted of circulating granulocytes, platelets, or both using specific antisera and the effect on the CVF-induced enhancement of the Ag-induced bronchoconstriction was determined. (umn.edu)
We found that CVF treatment did not result in an enhanced Ag-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs depleted of either granulocytes or both granulocytes and platelets. (umn.edu)

Thus, in the mouse the initial period of bronchoconstriction following allergen exposure may involve neither mast cells nor IgE-mediated events. (elsevier.com)

The obtained results will provide objective measures on biological processes leading to bronchoconstriction during exercise, as might be experienced naturally during the school life. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Objective To determine whether vitamin C administration influences exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). (bmj.com)

While β2-agonists are highly effective for the acute relief of bronchoconstriction, their chronic use is accompanied by an adaptive reduction in β2ADR numbers and associated desensitisation of response, resulting in increased exacerbations and rare cases of death. (bioportfolio.com)

GlobalData's clinical trial report, "Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EBI) Global Clinical Trials Review, H2, 2017" provides an overview of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EBI) clinical trials scenario. (sandlerresearch.org)
This report provides top line data relating to the clinical trials on Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EBI). (sandlerresearch.org)

The cumulative dose of agonist did not appear to influence the perception of bronchoconstriction. (clinsci.org)

ADENOCARD® IV

(adenosine injection)

FOR RAPID BOLUS INTRAVENOUS USE — ADENOCARD® IV (adenosine injection) FOR RAPID BOLUS INTRAVENOUS USE (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)

Blockages in the Lungs | Livestrong.com (livestrong.com)

DailyMed - ADENOCARD- adenosine solution (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)

Singulair (Montelukast Sodium): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses (rxlist.com)

Provocholine - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses (drugs.com)

Prevention of Cold Injuries during Exercise : Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (journals.lww.com)

Jin-Ah Park | Academic Profile | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (hsph.harvard.edu)

Anatomy11

Organisms3

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs92

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes25

Named Groups1

Health Care4

Post-shift changes in pulmonary function in a cement factory in eastern Saudi Arabia. (1/896)

Mechanisms of capsaicin- and lactic acid-induced bronchoconstriction in the newborn dog. (2/896)

Nitric oxide limits the eicosanoid-dependent bronchoconstriction and hypotension induced by endothelin-1 in the guinea-pig. (3/896)

Anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in BP2 mice: interactions between serotonin and acetylcholine. (4/896)

Bronchoconstrictor effect of thrombin and thrombin receptor activating peptide in guinea-pigs in vivo. (5/896)

Mechanisms of bronchoprotection by anesthetic induction agents: propofol versus ketamine. (6/896)

Deficiency of nitric oxide in polycation-induced airway hyperreactivity. (7/896)

Roles of oxygen radicals and elastase in citric acid-induced airway constriction of guinea-pigs. (8/896)

Bronchoconstriction

Asthma, Exercise-Induced

Bronchial Spasm

Bronchoconstrictor Agents

Airway Resistance

Methacholine Chloride

Bronchial Provocation Tests

Bronchi

Asthma

Histamine

Cromolyn Sodium

Forced Expiratory Volume

Administration, Inhalation

Bronchodilator Agents

Guinea Pigs

Aerosols

Bronchial Hyperreactivity

Methacholine Compounds

Lung Compliance

Albuterol

Ipratropium

Nedocromil

Receptors, Neurokinin-2

Neurokinin A

SRS-A

Lung

Trachea

Histamine Antagonists

Anaphylaxis

Vagus Nerve

Hyperventilation

Leukotriene E4

Plethysmography, Whole Body

Bronchial Diseases

Ascaris

Gallamine Triethiodide

Chlorpheniramine

Leukotriene Antagonists

Leukotriene D4

Atropine

Receptor, Muscarinic M2

Double-Blind Method

Clemastine

Terbutaline

Respiratory Function Tests

Capsaicin

Ovalbumin

Pulmonary Ventilation

Muscle, Smooth

Cross-Over Studies

Anti-Asthmatic Agents

Tachykinins

Histamine H1 Antagonists

Sulfites

Quinolines

Leukotrienes

Platelet Activating Factor

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

Receptors, Tachykinin

Vagotomy

Respiratory System

Spirometry

Atropine Derivatives

Airway Obstruction

Terfenadine

Nebulizers and Vaporizers

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Ethanolamines

Benzalkonium Compounds

Allergens

Lung Volume Measurements

Cholinergic Antagonists

Receptor, Muscarinic M3

Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Bradykinin

Thromboxane A2

Substance P

Respiratory Mechanics

Antitussive Agents

Pyrilamine