Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.
A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis.
A species of CORONAVIRUS causing infections in chickens and possibly pheasants. Chicks up to four weeks old are the most severely affected.
Spherical RNA viruses, in the order NIDOVIRALES, infecting a wide range of animals including humans. Transmission is by fecal-oral and respiratory routes. Mechanical transmission is also common. There are two genera: CORONAVIRUS and TOROVIRUS.
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.
Respiratory tract diseases are a broad range of medical conditions that affect the nose, throat, windpipe, and lungs, impairing breathing and oxygen uptake, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, bronchitis, influenza, tuberculosis, and sleep apnea.
Material coughed up from the lungs and expectorated via the mouth. It contains MUCUS, cellular debris, and microorganisms. It may also contain blood or pus.
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.
Agents that increase mucous excretion. Mucolytic agents, that is drugs that liquefy mucous secretions, are also included here.
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.
Enlargement of air spaces distal to the TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES where gas-exchange normally takes place. This is usually due to destruction of the alveolar wall. Pulmonary emphysema can be classified by the location and distribution of the lesions.
Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.
A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.
Hypertrophy and dilation of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart that is caused by PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. This condition is often associated with pulmonary parenchymal or vascular diseases, such as CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE and PULMONARY EMBOLISM.
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.
Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.
Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.
Inflammation of the NASOPHARYNX, usually including its mucosa, related lymphoid structure, and glands.
Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.
Measurement of volume of air inhaled or exhaled by the lung.
Virus diseases caused by CORONAVIRIDAE.
The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration.
Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.
The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.
'Coal mining' is not a medical term, but it refers to the process of extracting coal from the ground by mechanical or manual means.
Any combustible hydrocarbon deposit formed from the remains of prehistoric organisms. Examples are petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
Earth or other matter in fine, dry particles. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.
Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.
The aggregate business enterprise of manufacturing textiles. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the bronchi.
Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.
A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.
Increased RESPIRATORY RATE.
A condition of BRONCHOCONSTRICTION resulting from hypersensitive reaction to inhaled dust during the initial processing of cotton, flax, or hemp in the textile industry. Symptoms include wheezing and tightness in the chest.
A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.
A non-specific host defense mechanism that removes MUCUS and other material from the LUNGS by ciliary and secretory activity of the tracheobronchial submucosal glands. It is measured in vivo as mucus transfer, ciliary beat frequency, and clearance of radioactive tracers.
Analogs and derivatives of atropine.
The viscous secretion of mucous membranes. It contains mucin, white blood cells, water, inorganic salts, and exfoliated cells.
Welding is not typically considered a medical term, but rather refers to a process in manufacturing and construction involving the joining of metal components through heat or pressure, which isn't directly related to medicine or healthcare.
Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.
Tracheitis is an inflammation of the trachea, often caused by viral or bacterial infections, characterized by symptoms such as cough, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing.
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.
X-ray screening of large groups of persons for diseases of the lung and heart by means of radiography of the chest.
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.
A species of HAEMOPHILUS found on the mucous membranes of humans and a variety of animals. The species is further divided into biotypes I through VIII.
The rate of airflow measured during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination.
Diseases in persons engaged in cultivating and tilling soil, growing plants, harvesting crops, raising livestock, or otherwise engaged in husbandry and farming. The diseases are not restricted to farmers in the sense of those who perform conventional farm chores: the heading applies also to those engaged in the individual activities named above, as in those only gathering harvest or in those only dusting crops.
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the respiratory tract or its organs. It includes RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS.
The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; or volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.

The sialylation of bronchial mucins secreted by patients suffering from cystic fibrosis or from chronic bronchitis is related to the severity of airway infection. (1/1094)

Bronchial mucins were purified from the sputum of 14 patients suffering from cystic fibrosis and 24 patients suffering from chronic bronchitis, using two CsBr density-gradient centrifugations. The presence of DNA in each secretion was used as an index to estimate the severity of infection and allowed to subdivide the mucins into four groups corresponding to infected or noninfected patients with cystic fibrosis, and to infected or noninfected patients with chronic bronchitis. All infected patients suffering from cystic fibrosis were colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As already observed, the mucins from the patients with cystic fibrosis had a higher sulfate content than the mucins from the patients with chronic bronchitis. However, there was a striking increase in the sialic acid content of the mucins secreted by severely infected patients as compared to noninfected patients. Thirty-six bronchial mucins out of 38 contained the sialyl-Lewis x epitope which was even expressed by subjects phenotyped as Lewis negative, indicating that at least one alpha1,3 fucosyltransferase different from the Lewis enzyme was involved in the biosynthesis of this epitope. Finally, the sialyl-Lewis x determinant was also overexpressed in the mucins from severely infected patients. Altogether these differences in the glycosylation process of mucins from infected and noninfected patients suggest that bacterial infection influences the expression of sialyltransferases and alpha1,3 fucosyltransferases in the human bronchial mucosa.  (+info)

Risk factors for lower airway bacterial colonization in chronic bronchitis. (2/1094)

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for lower airway bacterial colonization (LABC) in stable chronic bronchitis (CB). Forty-one outpatients with CB were enrolled in the study (age 63.8+/-9.1 yrs (mean+/-SD); forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) 62.8+/-11.2; current/former smokers 24/17). All patients had normal chest radiographs and an indication for performing fibreoptic bronchoscopy (pulmonary nodule, remote haemoptysis). The protected specimen brush (PSB) was used for bacterial sampling, and concentrations > or = 1,000 colony-forming units (cfu) x mL(-1) were considered positive for LABC. The repeatability of the procedure in CB was assessed in a random subsample of 18 subjects. A 72.2% quantitative agreement was found in the repeatability assessment of the PSB technique. Positive PSB cultures, obtained in 9 out of 41 (22%) patients, mainly yielded Haemophilus influenzae. The logistic regression model, used to determine which variables were related to colonization, showed that LABC was associated with current smoking (odds ratio (OR) 9.83, confidence interval (CI) 1.16-83.20) and low FVC (OR 0.73, CI 0.65-0.81). Age and FEV1 were not related to LABC. It was concluded that the prevalence of LABC in stable CB is high (22%), and current smoking is an important risk factor.  (+info)

Influence of family factors on the incidence of lower respiratory illness during the first year of life. (3/1094)

In a study of a cohort of over 2000 children born between 1963 and 1965, the incidence of bronchitis and pneumonia during their first year of life was found to be associated with several family factors. The most important determinant of respiratory illness in these infants was an attack of bronchitis or pneumonia in a sibling. The age of these siblings, and their number, also contributed to this incidence. Parental respiratory symptoms, including persistent cough and phlegm, and asthma or wheezing, as well as parental smoking habits, had lesser but nevertheless important effects. Parental smoking, however, stands out from all other factors as the one most amenable to change in seeking to prevent bronchitis and pneumonia in infants.  (+info)

Influence of personal and family factors on ventilatory function of children. (4/1094)

We wanted to assess the relative influence of various personal and family factors upon the development of ventilatory function in young children. The relationship of several such factors to peak expiratory flow rates measured at the age of five years was studied in 454 children. These children were members of a birth cohort born between 1963 and 1965 in Harrow, north-west London, who were examined regularly from birth through the first five years of life. Beside its expected association with height, peak expiratory flow rate at the age of five years was also related to a lesser extent with peak expiratory flow rate in parents. Children with a history of lower respiratory illness had mean peak flow rates which were lower than those of children who escaped these illnesses. The earlier the onset of the illness and the more frequent its recurrence, the more marked its effect on ventilatory function. The group of children with a history of asthma and bronchitis had the lowest mean peak expiratory flow rate, but a history of bronchitis or pneumonia alone (that is, without asthma) was also associated with reduced ventilatory function. Respiratory illness beginning in the first year of life was the most potentially modifiable determinant of peak expiratory flow rate in children in this study.  (+info)

Aspects of serum and sputum antibody in chronic airways obstruction. (5/1094)

Immunoglobulin levels and precipitating antibody against a range of microbial antigens were measured in simultaneously collected serum and sputum samples from patients with chronic bronchitis (11), cystic fibrosis (9), bronchiectasis (9), and asthma (4). Sputum was prepared by dialysis and high-speed centrifugation methods. Results showed that it was possible to detect precipitating antibody in the sputum, and the rate was increased when both methods were used. A discrepancy was noted between the detection rate in the sputum and serum. This, combined with the lack of correlation between sputum and serum immunoglobulins, lack of relationship between bronchial inflammation and sputum immunoglobulins, and the lack of IgM in the sputum suggested that the antibody and immunoglobulin were locally produced. Sputum IgA (7S) in patients with chronic bronchitis was significantly lower (P less than 0-05) than that found in patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. Significant differences (P less than 0-05) were also noted in serum IgG levels between patients with chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis while serum IgM levels in patients with chronic bronchitis were significantly lower (P less than 0-05) when compared to serum levels in patients with cystic fibrosis. The presence of precipitating antibody in the sputum raises the possibility that type III reactions may be important in the pathogenesis of these conditions.  (+info)

The diagnostic and treatment approach to two common conditions by the physician members of a community health maintenance organization. (6/1094)

We retrospectively collected data from one community managed care organization on all ambulatory care patients initially diagnosed with pneumonia or acute bronchitis from October, 1, 1992, to March 31, 1993, and from November 1, 1993, to January 31, 1994. We considered treatment to be successful when patients did not return for any related service within 15 days of initial diagnosis. We identified 2,490 episodes of illness, 85.7% which were acute bronchitis and 14.3% which were pneumonia. Overwhelmingly, physicians approached these conditions empirically (no diagnostic test); just 8.6% of patients had a diagnostic test during the 15-day episode of illness. Two-hundred twenty-nine of the episodes (9.2%) were apparently related to initial diagnoses, as they occurred during the 15-day period. More branded prescriptions (vs. generic) were dispensed during these related episodes. One patient was hospitalized and 19 patients used the emergency room either for first or subsequent visits. Empiric treatment is associated with effective diagnosis and therapy in ambulatory care patients with acute bronchitis and pneumonia. It remains unclear, however, if this strategy is the most cost-effective or if it leads to the most effective utilization of services.  (+info)

Pharmacoeconomic analysis of selected antibiotics in lower respiratory tract infection. (7/1094)

An interactive pharmacoeconomic model was designed to evaluate the effects of clinical response and adverse drug events on the comparative cost and cost-effectiveness of a relatively new antibiotic, clarithromycin, compared with those of six other antibiotics used to treat community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection. The cost and cost-effectiveness analyses were based don 12 randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials conducted between 1987 and 1992 in regionally distributed outpatient clinics in the United States. The trials enrolled a total of 2377 patients. Of the 2377, 1102 patients were treated for acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 591 for pneumonia, and 201 for either of the two conditions. Safety data for one of the antibiotics was obtained from a trial of patients with sinusitis (N = 483). The antibiotics included in the analysis were amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin, cefaclor, cefixime, cefuroxime, clarithromycin, and erythromycin. The main outcome measures were the costs of resources to achieve a clinical response, costs related to managing adverse drug events, and costs of antibiotic treatment from the perspective of managed care. The mean total cost per episode ranged from approximately $137 to $267. The drug acquisition cost typically contributed a small amount to the overall cost. For the cost-effectiveness analysis, in which complication-free cure was used as a proxy for patient satisfaction, the range of mean cost per complication-free cure varied from approximately $307 for clarithromycin to $612 for cefaclor. When ranked from most to least cost-effective, the order was as follows: clarithromycin, cefixime, amoxicillin/clavulanate, erythromycin, cefuroxime, ampicillin, and cefaclor. The costs associated with clinical management (including treatment failure) and managing adverse drug events significantly contribute to the total cost and cost-effectiveness of antibiotics in the outpatient setting. Cost-effectiveness analyses are valuable in analyzing the various costs associated with the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection (acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis or pneumonia) and may be useful tools for physicians managing patients, members of pharmacy and therapeutics committees developing formularies, and medical staff implementing practice guidelines.  (+info)

Suppression of airway inflammation by theophylline in adult bronchial asthma. (8/1094)

BACKGROUND: Chronic continuous airway inflammation caused by eosinophils has been noted to play critical roles in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma, in addition to reversible obstruction and hypersensitivity of the respiratory tract. Therefore, suppression of chronic airway inflammation has become more important in asthma treatment. Although theophylline has been a conventionally used bronchodilator, it has been recently reported to have concurrent anti-inflammatory effects. OBJECTIVE: Accordingly, we studied the effects of a slow-release theophylline preparation, Theolong, on airway inflammation. METHODS: Administration of Theolong 400 mg/day to 24 patients with mild or moderate asthma and measuring eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), a marker of airway inflammation, and eosinophils in sputum and peripheral blood at 4 and 8 weeks. RESULTS: As a result, sputum ECP, serum ECP and sputum eosinophil count (%) were significantly lowered after 4 and 8 weeks. CONCLUSION: Thus, in the theophylline-administered group, slow-release theophylline, Theolong, was effective in treating asthma, with anti-inflammatory effects on inflammatory cells besides its bronchodilator action.  (+info)

Bronchitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the bronchi, which are the large airways that lead to the lungs. This inflammation can cause a variety of symptoms, including coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Bronchitis can be either acute or chronic.

Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a viral infection, such as a cold or the flu, and typically lasts for a few days to a week. Symptoms may include a productive cough (coughing up mucus or phlegm), chest discomfort, and fatigue. Acute bronchitis often resolves on its own without specific medical treatment, although rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to manage symptoms may be helpful.

Chronic bronchitis, on the other hand, is a long-term condition that is characterized by a persistent cough with mucus production that lasts for at least three months out of the year for two consecutive years. Chronic bronchitis is typically caused by exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, or occupational dusts and chemicals. It is often associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes both chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Treatment for chronic bronchitis may include medications to help open the airways, such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids, as well as lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation and avoiding irritants. In severe cases, oxygen therapy or lung transplantation may be necessary.

Chronic bronchitis is a long-term inflammation of the airways (bronchi) in the lungs. It is characterized by a persistent cough that produces excessive mucus or sputum. The cough and mucus production must be present for at least three months in two consecutive years to meet the diagnostic criteria for chronic bronchitis.

The inflammation of the airways can lead to narrowing, obstructing the flow of air into and out of the lungs, resulting in shortness of breath and wheezing. Chronic bronchitis is often associated with exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke, dust, or chemical fumes over an extended period.

It is a significant component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which also includes emphysema. While there is no cure for chronic bronchitis, treatments can help alleviate symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These may include bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and pulmonary rehabilitation. Quitting smoking is crucial in managing this condition.

Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) is a single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus belonging to the genus Gammacoronavirus and family Coronaviridae. It is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis (IB), a highly contagious respiratory disease in birds, particularly in chickens. The virus primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, causing tracheitis, bronchitis, and sinusitis. In addition to respiratory issues, IBV can also lead to decreased egg production, poor growth rates, and impaired immune response in infected birds. Several serotypes and variants of IBV exist worldwide, making vaccine development and disease control challenging.

Coronaviridae is a family of enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. They are named for the crown-like (corona) appearance of their surface proteins. Coronaviruses infect a wide range of animals, including mammals and birds, and can cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological diseases. Some coronaviruses, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), can cause severe and potentially fatal illness in humans. The most recent example is SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19.

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as pneumonia. The name "coronavirus" comes from the Latin word "corona," which means crown or halo, reflecting the distinctive appearance of the virus particles under electron microscopy, which have a crown-like structure due to the presence of spike proteins on their surface.

Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted between animals and humans. Some coronaviruses are endemic in certain animal populations and occasionally jump to humans, causing outbreaks of new diseases. This is what happened with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012, and the most recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Coronavirus infections typically cause respiratory symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, and fever. In severe cases, they can lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and even death, especially in older adults or people with underlying medical conditions. Other symptoms may include fatigue, muscle aches, headache, sore throat, and gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Preventive measures for coronavirus infections include frequent hand washing, wearing face masks, practicing social distancing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. There are currently vaccines available to prevent COVID-19, which have been shown to be highly effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization, and death from the disease.

A chronic disease is a long-term medical condition that often progresses slowly over a period of years and requires ongoing management and care. These diseases are typically not fully curable, but symptoms can be managed to improve quality of life. Common chronic diseases include heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). They are often associated with advanced age, although they can also affect children and younger adults. Chronic diseases can have significant impacts on individuals' physical, emotional, and social well-being, as well as on healthcare systems and society at large.

A cough is a reflex action that helps to clear the airways of irritants, foreign particles, or excess mucus or phlegm. It is characterized by a sudden, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs through the mouth and nose. A cough can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term), and it can be accompanied by other symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or fever. Coughing can be caused by various factors, including respiratory infections, allergies, asthma, environmental pollutants, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchitis. In some cases, a cough may be a symptom of a more serious underlying condition, such as heart failure or lung cancer.

Respiratory tract diseases refer to a broad range of medical conditions that affect the respiratory system, which includes the nose, throat (pharynx), windpipe (trachea), bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs. These diseases can be categorized into upper and lower respiratory tract infections based on the location of the infection.

Upper respiratory tract infections affect the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx, and include conditions such as the common cold, flu, sinusitis, and laryngitis. Symptoms often include nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, and fever.

Lower respiratory tract infections affect the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs, and can be more severe. They include conditions such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and tuberculosis. Symptoms may include cough, chest congestion, shortness of breath, and fever.

Respiratory tract diseases can also be caused by allergies, irritants, or genetic factors. Treatment varies depending on the specific condition and severity but may include medications, breathing treatments, or surgery in severe cases.

Sputum is defined as a mixture of saliva and phlegm that is expelled from the respiratory tract during coughing, sneezing or deep breathing. It can be clear, mucoid, or purulent (containing pus) depending on the underlying cause of the respiratory issue. Examination of sputum can help diagnose various respiratory conditions such as infections, inflammation, or other lung diseases.

Poultry diseases refer to a wide range of infectious and non-infectious disorders that affect domesticated birds, particularly those raised for meat, egg, or feather production. These diseases can be caused by various factors including viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, genetic predisposition, environmental conditions, and management practices.

Infectious poultry diseases are often highly contagious and can lead to significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to decreased production, increased mortality, and reduced quality of products. Some examples of infectious poultry diseases include avian influenza, Newcastle disease, salmonellosis, colibacillosis, mycoplasmosis, aspergillosis, and coccidiosis.

Non-infectious poultry diseases can be caused by factors such as poor nutrition, environmental stressors, and management issues. Examples of non-infectious poultry diseases include ascites, fatty liver syndrome, sudden death syndrome, and various nutritional deficiencies.

Prevention and control of poultry diseases typically involve a combination of biosecurity measures, vaccination programs, proper nutrition, good management practices, and monitoring for early detection and intervention. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of poultry diseases is crucial to implementing effective treatment and prevention strategies, and can help minimize the impact of disease outbreaks on both individual flocks and the broader poultry industry.

Expectorants are a type of medication that help to thin and loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough up and clear the airways. They work by increasing the production of fluid in the respiratory tract, which helps to moisten and soften thick or sticky mucus. This makes it easier for the cilia (tiny hair-like structures that line the airways) to move the mucus out of the lungs and into the throat, where it can be swallowed or spit out.

Expectorants are often used to treat respiratory conditions such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which can cause excessive mucus production and difficulty breathing. Some common expectorants include guaifenesin, iodinated glycerol, and potassium iodide.

It is important to follow the dosage instructions carefully when taking expectorants, as taking too much can lead to side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It is also important to drink plenty of fluids while taking expectorants, as this can help to thin the mucus and make it easier to cough up.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. The airway obstruction in asthma is usually reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment.

The underlying cause of asthma involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors that result in hypersensitivity of the airways to certain triggers, such as allergens, irritants, viruses, exercise, and emotional stress. When these triggers are encountered, the airways constrict due to smooth muscle spasm, swell due to inflammation, and produce excess mucus, leading to the characteristic symptoms of asthma.

Asthma is typically managed with a combination of medications that include bronchodilators to relax the airway muscles, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and leukotriene modifiers or mast cell stabilizers to prevent allergic reactions. Avoiding triggers and monitoring symptoms are also important components of asthma management.

There are several types of asthma, including allergic asthma, non-allergic asthma, exercise-induced asthma, occupational asthma, and nocturnal asthma, each with its own set of triggers and treatment approaches. Proper diagnosis and management of asthma can help prevent exacerbations, improve quality of life, and reduce the risk of long-term complications.

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infections that affect the respiratory system, which includes the nose, throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea), bronchi, and lungs. These infections can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or, less commonly, fungi.

RTIs are classified into two categories based on their location: upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). URTIs include infections of the nose, sinuses, throat, and larynx, such as the common cold, flu, laryngitis, and sinusitis. LRTIs involve the lower airways, including the bronchi and lungs, and can be more severe. Examples of LRTIs are pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis.

Symptoms of RTIs depend on the location and cause of the infection but may include cough, congestion, runny nose, sore throat, difficulty breathing, wheezing, fever, fatigue, and chest pain. Treatment for RTIs varies depending on the severity and underlying cause of the infection. For viral infections, treatment typically involves supportive care to manage symptoms, while antibiotics may be prescribed for bacterial infections.

Pulmonary emphysema is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by abnormal, permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis. This results in loss of elastic recoil, which leads to trappling of air within the lungs and difficulty exhaling. It is often caused by cigarette smoking or long-term exposure to harmful pollutants. The disease is part of a group of conditions known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which also includes chronic bronchitis.

Obstructive lung disease is a category of respiratory diseases characterized by airflow limitation that causes difficulty in completely emptying the alveoli (tiny air sacs) of the lungs during exhaling. This results in the trapping of stale air and prevents fresh air from entering the alveoli, leading to various symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and decreased exercise tolerance.

The most common obstructive lung diseases include:

1. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A progressive disease that includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema, often caused by smoking or exposure to harmful pollutants.
2. Asthma: A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and an underlying inflammation. Symptoms can be triggered by various factors such as allergens, irritants, or physical activity.
3. Bronchiectasis: A condition in which the airways become abnormally widened, scarred, and thickened due to chronic inflammation or infection, leading to mucus buildup and impaired clearance.
4. Cystic Fibrosis: An inherited genetic disorder that affects the exocrine glands, resulting in thick and sticky mucus production in various organs, including the lungs. This can lead to chronic lung infections, inflammation, and airway obstruction.
5. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A genetic condition characterized by low levels of alpha-1 antitrypsin protein, which leads to uncontrolled protease enzyme activity that damages the lung tissue, causing emphysema-like symptoms.

Treatment for obstructive lung diseases typically involves bronchodilators (to relax and widen the airways), corticosteroids (to reduce inflammation), and lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation and pulmonary rehabilitation programs. In severe cases, oxygen therapy or even lung transplantation may be considered.

Emphysema is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by abnormal, permanent enlargement of the airspaces called alveoli in the lungs, accompanied by destruction of their walls. This results in loss of elasticity and decreased gas exchange efficiency, causing shortness of breath and coughing. It is often caused by smoking or exposure to harmful pollutants. The damage to the lungs is irreversible, but quitting smoking and using medications can help alleviate symptoms and slow disease progression.

Smoking is not a medical condition, but it's a significant health risk behavior. Here is the definition from a public health perspective:

Smoking is the act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning tobacco that is commonly consumed through cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. The smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and numerous toxic and carcinogenic substances. These toxins contribute to a wide range of diseases and health conditions, such as lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and various other cancers, as well as adverse reproductive outcomes and negative impacts on the developing fetus during pregnancy. Smoking is highly addictive due to the nicotine content, which makes quitting smoking a significant challenge for many individuals.

Pulmonary heart disease, also known as cor pulmonale, is a type of heart disease that occurs as a complication of chronic lung diseases or hypoxia (low oxygen levels in the body). The condition is characterized by enlargement and thickening of the right ventricle of the heart, which results from increased pressure in the pulmonary artery due to damaged or narrowed blood vessels in the lungs. This can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and abdomen, and irregular heart rhythms. The condition can be managed with medications, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle changes, but if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as heart failure.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by the persistent obstruction of airflow in and out of the lungs. This obstruction is usually caused by two primary conditions: chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis involves inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to excessive mucus production and coughing. Emphysema is a condition where the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs are damaged, resulting in decreased gas exchange and shortness of breath.

The main symptoms of COPD include progressive shortness of breath, chronic cough, chest tightness, wheezing, and excessive mucus production. The disease is often associated with exposure to harmful particles or gases, such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, or occupational dusts and chemicals. While there is no cure for COPD, treatments can help alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and slow the progression of the disease. These treatments may include bronchodilators, corticosteroids, combination inhalers, pulmonary rehabilitation, and, in severe cases, oxygen therapy or lung transplantation.

Respiratory Function Tests (RFTs) are a group of medical tests that measure how well your lungs take in and exhale air, and how well they transfer oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of your blood. They can help diagnose certain lung disorders, measure the severity of lung disease, and monitor response to treatment.

RFTs include several types of tests, such as:

1. Spirometry: This test measures how much air you can exhale and how quickly you can do it. It's often used to diagnose and monitor conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other lung diseases.
2. Lung volume testing: This test measures the total amount of air in your lungs. It can help diagnose restrictive lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis or sarcoidosis.
3. Diffusion capacity testing: This test measures how well oxygen moves from your lungs into your bloodstream. It's often used to diagnose and monitor conditions like pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, and other lung diseases that affect the ability of the lungs to transfer oxygen to the blood.
4. Bronchoprovocation testing: This test involves inhaling a substance that can cause your airways to narrow, such as methacholine or histamine. It's often used to diagnose and monitor asthma.
5. Exercise stress testing: This test measures how well your lungs and heart work together during exercise. It's often used to diagnose lung or heart disease.

Overall, Respiratory Function Tests are an important tool for diagnosing and managing a wide range of lung conditions.

An acute disease is a medical condition that has a rapid onset, develops quickly, and tends to be short in duration. Acute diseases can range from minor illnesses such as a common cold or flu, to more severe conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, or a heart attack. These types of diseases often have clear symptoms that are easy to identify, and they may require immediate medical attention or treatment.

Acute diseases are typically caused by an external agent or factor, such as a bacterial or viral infection, a toxin, or an injury. They can also be the result of a sudden worsening of an existing chronic condition. In general, acute diseases are distinct from chronic diseases, which are long-term medical conditions that develop slowly over time and may require ongoing management and treatment.

Examples of acute diseases include:

* Acute bronchitis: a sudden inflammation of the airways in the lungs, often caused by a viral infection.
* Appendicitis: an inflammation of the appendix that can cause severe pain and requires surgical removal.
* Gastroenteritis: an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
* Migraine headaches: intense headaches that can last for hours or days, and are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
* Myocardial infarction (heart attack): a sudden blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, often caused by a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries.
* Pneumonia: an infection of the lungs that can cause coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
* Sinusitis: an inflammation of the sinuses, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.

It's important to note that while some acute diseases may resolve on their own with rest and supportive care, others may require medical intervention or treatment to prevent complications and promote recovery. If you are experiencing symptoms of an acute disease, it is always best to seek medical attention to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) is a medical term used to describe the volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled from the lungs in one second. It is often measured during pulmonary function testing to assess lung function and diagnose conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma.

FEV is typically expressed as a percentage of the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), which is the total volume of air that can be exhaled from the lungs after taking a deep breath in. The ratio of FEV to FVC is used to determine whether there is obstruction in the airways, with a lower ratio indicating more severe obstruction.

There are different types of FEV measurements, including FEV1 (the volume of air exhaled in one second), FEV25-75 (the average volume of air exhaled during the middle 50% of the FVC maneuver), and FEV0.5 (the volume of air exhaled in half a second). These measurements can provide additional information about lung function and help guide treatment decisions.

Nasopharyngitis is the medical term for inflammation of the nasopharynx, which is the upper part of the throat behind the nose. It is often caused by viral infections such as the common cold, but can also be due to bacterial or allergic causes. Symptoms may include a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, sneezing, and cough.

Bronchiectasis is a medical condition characterized by permanent, abnormal widening and thickening of the walls of the bronchi (the airways leading to the lungs). This can lead to recurrent respiratory infections, coughing, and the production of large amounts of sputum. The damage to the airways is usually irreversible and can be caused by various factors such as bacterial or viral infections, genetic disorders, immune deficiencies, or exposure to environmental pollutants. In some cases, the cause may remain unknown. Treatment typically includes chest physiotherapy, bronchodilators, antibiotics, and sometimes surgery.

Spirometry is a common type of pulmonary function test (PFT) that measures how well your lungs work. This is done by measuring how much air you can exhale from your lungs after taking a deep breath, and how quickly you can exhale it. The results are compared to normal values for your age, height, sex, and ethnicity.

Spirometry is used to diagnose and monitor certain lung conditions, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory diseases that cause narrowing of the airways. It can also be used to assess the effectiveness of treatment for these conditions. The test is non-invasive, safe, and easy to perform.

Coronaviridae is a family of enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses that cause various diseases in animals and humans. Human coronavirus infections most commonly result in mild to moderate upper respiratory tract illnesses, such as the common cold. However, two highly pathogenic coronaviruses have emerged in the past two decades: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). These viruses can cause severe and potentially fatal respiratory illnesses.

In general, coronaviruses are transmitted through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. In some cases, people may become infected by touching a surface contaminated with the virus and then touching their mouth, nose, or eyes. Preventive measures include frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and practicing good respiratory etiquette (e.g., covering coughs and sneezes).

Treatment for coronavirus infections is primarily supportive, focusing on relieving symptoms and managing complications. For severe cases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections, antiviral medications and supportive care in an intensive care unit may be necessary. Vaccines have been developed to protect against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and are being distributed globally.

Vital capacity (VC) is a term used in pulmonary function tests to describe the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after taking a deep breath. It is the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. In other words, it's the total amount of air you can forcibly exhale after inhaling as deeply as possible. Vital capacity is an important measurement in assessing lung function and can be reduced in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and other respiratory disorders.

Respiratory sounds are the noises produced by the airflow through the respiratory tract during breathing. These sounds can provide valuable information about the health and function of the lungs and airways. They are typically categorized into two main types: normal breath sounds and adventitious (or abnormal) breath sounds.

Normal breath sounds include:

1. Vesicular breath sounds: These are soft, low-pitched sounds heard over most of the lung fields during quiet breathing. They are produced by the movement of air through the alveoli and smaller bronchioles.
2. Bronchovesicular breath sounds: These are medium-pitched, hollow sounds heard over the mainstem bronchi and near the upper sternal border during both inspiration and expiration. They are a combination of vesicular and bronchial breath sounds.

Abnormal or adventitious breath sounds include:

1. Crackles (or rales): These are discontinuous, non-musical sounds that resemble the crackling of paper or bubbling in a fluid-filled container. They can be heard during inspiration and are caused by the sudden opening of collapsed airways or the movement of fluid within the airways.
2. Wheezes: These are continuous, musical sounds resembling a whistle. They are produced by the narrowing or obstruction of the airways, causing turbulent airflow.
3. Rhonchi: These are low-pitched, rumbling, continuous sounds that can be heard during both inspiration and expiration. They are caused by the vibration of secretions or fluids in the larger airways.
4. Stridor: This is a high-pitched, inspiratory sound that resembles a harsh crowing or barking noise. It is usually indicative of upper airway narrowing or obstruction.

The character, location, and duration of respiratory sounds can help healthcare professionals diagnose various respiratory conditions, such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and bronchitis.

Airway obstruction is a medical condition that occurs when the normal flow of air into and out of the lungs is partially or completely blocked. This blockage can be caused by a variety of factors, including swelling of the tissues in the airway, the presence of foreign objects or substances, or abnormal growths such as tumors.

When the airway becomes obstructed, it can make it difficult for a person to breathe normally. They may experience symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness. In severe cases, airway obstruction can lead to respiratory failure and other life-threatening complications.

There are several types of airway obstruction, including:

1. Upper airway obstruction: This occurs when the blockage is located in the upper part of the airway, such as the nose, throat, or voice box.
2. Lower airway obstruction: This occurs when the blockage is located in the lower part of the airway, such as the trachea or bronchi.
3. Partial airway obstruction: This occurs when the airway is partially blocked, allowing some air to flow in and out of the lungs.
4. Complete airway obstruction: This occurs when the airway is completely blocked, preventing any air from flowing into or out of the lungs.

Treatment for airway obstruction depends on the underlying cause of the condition. In some cases, removing the obstruction may be as simple as clearing the airway of foreign objects or mucus. In other cases, more invasive treatments such as surgery may be necessary.

"Bronchi" are a pair of airways in the respiratory system that branch off from the trachea (windpipe) and lead to the lungs. They are responsible for delivering oxygen-rich air to the lungs and removing carbon dioxide during exhalation. The right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left, and they further divide into smaller branches called bronchioles within the lungs. Any abnormalities or diseases affecting the bronchi can impact lung function and overall respiratory health.

Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground. Coal is a fossil fuel that is formed from the accumulation and decomposition of plants over millions of years. It is primarily used as a source of energy for electricity generation, as well as for heating and industrial processes.

There are two main types of coal mining: surface mining and underground mining. Surface mining involves removing the soil and rock above the coal seam to access the coal, while underground mining involves sinking shafts and tunnels into the earth to reach the coal. Both methods have their own set of benefits and challenges, and the choice of which method to use depends on various factors such as the depth and location of the coal seam, the geology of the area, and environmental concerns.

Coal mining can be a dangerous occupation, with risks including accidents, explosions, and exposure to harmful dust and gases. As a result, it is essential that coal miners receive proper training and equipment to minimize these risks and ensure their safety. Additionally, coal mining has significant environmental impacts, including deforestation, habitat destruction, and water pollution, which must be carefully managed to minimize harm.

Fossil fuels are not a medical term, but rather a term used in the field of earth science and energy production. They refer to fuels formed by natural processes such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms. The age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes even hundreds of millions of years.

There are three main types of fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Coal is primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen, and it is formed from the remains of plants that lived hundreds of millions of years ago in swamps and peat bogs. Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds, formed from the remains of marine organisms such as algae and zooplankton. Natural gas is primarily composed of methane and other light hydrocarbons, and it is found in underground reservoirs, often in association with petroleum deposits.

Fossil fuels are a major source of energy for transportation, heating, and electricity generation, but their combustion also releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change and air pollution.

In medical terms, "dust" is not defined as a specific medical condition or disease. However, generally speaking, dust refers to small particles of solid matter that can be found in the air and can come from various sources, such as soil, pollen, hair, textiles, paper, or plastic.

Exposure to certain types of dust, such as those containing allergens, chemicals, or harmful pathogens, can cause a range of health problems, including respiratory issues like asthma, allergies, and lung diseases. Prolonged exposure to certain types of dust, such as silica or asbestos, can even lead to serious conditions like silicosis or mesothelioma.

Therefore, it is important for individuals who work in environments with high levels of dust to take appropriate precautions, such as wearing masks and respirators, to minimize their exposure and reduce the risk of health problems.

Respiratory disorders are a group of conditions that affect the respiratory system, including the nose, throat (pharynx), windpipe (trachea), bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm. These disorders can make it difficult for a person to breathe normally and may cause symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain.

There are many different types of respiratory disorders, including:

1. Asthma: A chronic inflammatory disease that causes the airways to become narrow and swollen, leading to difficulty breathing.
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A group of lung diseases, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, that make it hard to breathe.
3. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can cause coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
4. Lung cancer: A type of cancer that forms in the tissues of the lungs and can cause symptoms such as coughing, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
5. Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that mainly affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body.
6. Sleep apnea: A disorder that causes a person to stop breathing for short periods during sleep.
7. Interstitial lung disease: A group of disorders that cause scarring of the lung tissue, leading to difficulty breathing.
8. Pulmonary fibrosis: A type of interstitial lung disease that causes scarring of the lung tissue and makes it hard to breathe.
9. Pleural effusion: An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the space between the lungs and chest wall.
10. Lung transplantation: A surgical procedure to replace a diseased or failing lung with a healthy one from a donor.

Respiratory disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, exposure to environmental pollutants, smoking, and infections. Treatment for respiratory disorders may include medications, oxygen therapy, breathing exercises, and lifestyle changes. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat the disorder.

"Chickens" is a common term used to refer to the domesticated bird, Gallus gallus domesticus, which is widely raised for its eggs and meat. However, in medical terms, "chickens" is not a standard term with a specific definition. If you have any specific medical concern or question related to chickens, such as food safety or allergies, please provide more details so I can give a more accurate answer.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Textile Industry" and "medical definition" are not related. The textile industry is the overall system of designing, producing, and distributing clothing and their raw materials, which include fiber, yarn, and cloth. It involves several processes such as spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing, and finishing.

If you're looking for a medical term or definition, please provide me with the term so I can assist you better.

Bronchoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the examination of the inside of the airways and lungs with a flexible or rigid tube called a bronchoscope. This procedure allows healthcare professionals to directly visualize the airways, take tissue samples for biopsy, and remove foreign objects or secretions. Bronchoscopy can be used to diagnose and manage various respiratory conditions such as lung infections, inflammation, cancer, and bleeding. It is usually performed under local or general anesthesia to minimize discomfort and risks associated with the procedure.

Occupational diseases are health conditions or illnesses that occur as a result of exposure to hazards in the workplace. These hazards can include physical, chemical, and biological agents, as well as ergonomic factors and work-related psychosocial stressors. Examples of occupational diseases include respiratory illnesses caused by inhaling dust or fumes, hearing loss due to excessive noise exposure, and musculoskeletal disorders caused by repetitive movements or poor ergonomics. The development of an occupational disease is typically related to the nature of the work being performed and the conditions in which it is carried out. It's important to note that these diseases can be prevented or minimized through proper risk assessment, implementation of control measures, and adherence to safety regulations.

Lung diseases refer to a broad category of disorders that affect the lungs and other structures within the respiratory system. These diseases can impair lung function, leading to symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, and wheezing. They can be categorized into several types based on the underlying cause and nature of the disease process. Some common examples include:

1. Obstructive lung diseases: These are characterized by narrowing or blockage of the airways, making it difficult to breathe out. Examples include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis.
2. Restrictive lung diseases: These involve stiffening or scarring of the lungs, which reduces their ability to expand and take in air. Examples include idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and asbestosis.
3. Infectious lung diseases: These are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that infect the lungs. Examples include pneumonia, tuberculosis, and influenza.
4. Vascular lung diseases: These affect the blood vessels in the lungs, impairing oxygen exchange. Examples include pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).
5. Neoplastic lung diseases: These involve abnormal growth of cells within the lungs, leading to cancer. Examples include small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and mesothelioma.
6. Other lung diseases: These include interstitial lung diseases, pleural effusions, and rare disorders such as pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).

It is important to note that this list is not exhaustive, and there are many other conditions that can affect the lungs. Proper diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases require consultation with a healthcare professional, such as a pulmonologist or respiratory therapist.

Pneumoconiosis is a group of lung diseases caused by inhaling dust particles, leading to fibrosis or scarring of the lungs. The type of pneumoconiosis depends on the specific dust inhaled. Examples include coal worker's pneumoconiosis (from coal dust), silicosis (from crystalline silica dust), and asbestosis (from asbestos fibers). These diseases are generally preventable by minimizing exposure to harmful dusts through proper engineering controls, protective equipment, and workplace safety regulations.

A lung is a pair of spongy, elastic organs in the chest that work together to enable breathing. They are responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide through the process of respiration. The left lung has two lobes, while the right lung has three lobes. The lungs are protected by the ribcage and are covered by a double-layered membrane called the pleura. The trachea divides into two bronchi, which further divide into smaller bronchioles, leading to millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli, where the exchange of gases occurs.

Cefuroxime is a type of antibiotic known as a cephalosporin, which is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It works by interfering with the bacteria's ability to form a cell wall, which is necessary for its survival. Without a functional cell wall, the bacteria are unable to grow and multiply, and are eventually destroyed by the body's immune system.

Cefuroxime is effective against many different types of bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. It is often used to treat respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and bone and joint infections.

Like all antibiotics, cefuroxime should be used only under the direction of a healthcare provider, and it is important to take the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. Misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of drug-resistant bacteria, which are more difficult to treat and can pose a serious threat to public health.

Tachypnea is a medical term that refers to an abnormally increased respiratory rate, which is typically defined as more than 20-24 breaths per minute in adults and more than 60 breaths per minute in infants. It can occur due to various physiological or pathological conditions such as hypoxia, anxiety, fever, heart failure, lung diseases, or other systemic illnesses. Tachypnea should be differentiated from hyperventilation, which is characterized by an increased rate and depth of respiration leading to hypocapnia (low carbon dioxide levels in the blood).

Byssinosis is a respiratory condition that primarily affects textile workers who are exposed to high levels of cotton, flax, or hemp dust. It's also known as brown lung disease. The medical definition of byssinosis is:

A restrictive lung disease characterized by chest tightness, cough, and shortness of breath that typically occurs in workers exposed to high levels of organic dust from cotton, flax, or hemp. The symptoms usually appear after the first day of exposure (known as "Monday fever") and improve with continued exposure during the week, only to recur again at the beginning of the next workweek. Chronic byssinosis can lead to progressive shortness of breath, chronic cough, and significant lung function impairment. The exact mechanism by which the dust causes the disease is not fully understood but may involve an immune response or direct toxicity to the airways.

Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator medication that is often used to treat respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. It works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a chemical messenger in the body that causes muscles around the airways to tighten and narrow. By preventing this effect, ipratropium helps to relax the muscles around the airways, making it easier to breathe.

Ipratropium is available in several forms, including an aerosol spray, nebulizer solution, and dry powder inhaler. It is typically used in combination with other respiratory medications, such as beta-agonists or corticosteroids, to provide more effective relief of symptoms. Common side effects of ipratropium include dry mouth, throat irritation, and headache.

Mucociliary clearance is a vital defense mechanism of the respiratory system that involves the coordinated movement of tiny hair-like structures called cilia, which are present on the surface of the respiratory epithelium, and the mucus layer. This mechanism helps to trap inhaled particles, microorganisms, and other harmful substances and move them away from the lungs towards the upper airways, where they can be swallowed or coughed out.

The cilia beat in a coordinated manner, moving in a wave-like motion to propel the mucus layer upwards. This continuous movement helps to clear the airways of any debris and maintain a clean and healthy respiratory system. Mucociliary clearance plays an essential role in preventing respiratory infections and maintaining lung function. Any impairment in this mechanism, such as due to smoking or certain respiratory conditions, can increase the risk of respiratory infections and other related health issues.

Atropine derivatives are a class of drugs that are chemically related to atropine, an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants. These drugs have anticholinergic properties, which means they block the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the body.

Atropine derivatives can be used for a variety of medical purposes, including:

1. Treating motion sickness and vertigo
2. Dilating the pupils during eye examinations
3. Reducing saliva production during surgical procedures
4. Treating certain types of poisoning, such as organophosphate or nerve gas poisoning
5. Managing symptoms of some neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and myasthenia gravis

Some examples of atropine derivatives include hyoscyamine, scopolamine, and ipratropium. These drugs can have side effects, including dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, difficulty urinating, and rapid heartbeat. They should be used with caution and under the supervision of a healthcare provider.

Mucus is a viscous, slippery secretion produced by the mucous membranes that line various body cavities such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. It serves to lubricate and protect these surfaces from damage, infection, and foreign particles. Mucus contains water, proteins, salts, and other substances, including antibodies, enzymes, and glycoproteins called mucins that give it its characteristic gel-like consistency.

In the respiratory system, mucus traps inhaled particles such as dust, allergens, and pathogens, preventing them from reaching the lungs. The cilia, tiny hair-like structures lining the airways, move the mucus upward toward the throat, where it can be swallowed or expelled through coughing or sneezing. In the gastrointestinal tract, mucus helps protect the lining of the stomach and intestines from digestive enzymes and other harmful substances.

Excessive production of mucus can occur in various medical conditions such as allergies, respiratory infections, chronic lung diseases, and gastrointestinal disorders, leading to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, nasal congestion, and diarrhea.

I must apologize, but "welding" is not a term that is typically used in medical definitions. Welding is a process that is commonly used in manufacturing and construction to join two pieces of metal together by melting them and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten metal (the weld puddle) that cools to become a strong joint.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help answer them for you.

Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in infants and young children, typically caused by a viral infection. It is characterized by inflammation and congestion of the bronchioles (the smallest airways in the lungs), which can lead to difficulty breathing and wheezing.

The most common virus that causes bronchiolitis is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), but other viruses such as rhinovirus, influenza, and parainfluenza can also cause the condition. Symptoms of bronchiolitis may include cough, wheezing, rapid breathing, difficulty feeding, and fatigue.

In severe cases, bronchiolitis can lead to respiratory distress and require hospitalization. Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as providing fluids and oxygen therapy, and in some cases, medications to help open the airways may be used. Prevention measures include good hand hygiene and avoiding close contact with individuals who are sick.

Anti-bacterial agents, also known as antibiotics, are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by bacteria. These agents work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth and reproduction. There are several different classes of anti-bacterial agents, including penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines, among others. Each class of antibiotic has a specific mechanism of action and is used to treat certain types of bacterial infections. It's important to note that anti-bacterial agents are not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or flu. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is a significant global health concern.

Eosinophilia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of eosinophils in the circulating blood. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in fighting off parasitic infections and regulating allergic reactions. However, when their numbers become excessively high, they can contribute to tissue damage and inflammation.

Eosinophilia is typically defined as a count of more than 500 eosinophils per microliter of blood. Mild eosinophilia (up to 1,500 cells/μL) may not cause any symptoms and may be discovered during routine blood tests. However, higher levels of eosinophilia can lead to various symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, skin rashes, and organ damage, depending on the underlying cause.

The causes of eosinophilia are varied and can include allergic reactions, parasitic infections, autoimmune disorders, certain medications, and some types of cancer. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilia require identification and management of the underlying cause.

Tracheitis is a medical condition that involves inflammation of the trachea, or windpipe. It can cause symptoms such as cough, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever. Tracheitis can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, and it may also occur as a complication of other respiratory conditions. In some cases, tracheitis may require medical treatment, including antibiotics for bacterial infections or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of tracheitis, especially if they are severe or persistent.

Occupational exposure refers to the contact of an individual with potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents as a result of their job or occupation. This can include exposure to hazardous substances such as chemicals, heavy metals, or dusts; physical agents such as noise, radiation, or ergonomic stressors; and biological agents such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi.

Occupational exposure can occur through various routes, including inhalation, skin contact, ingestion, or injection. Prolonged or repeated exposure to these hazards can increase the risk of developing acute or chronic health conditions, such as respiratory diseases, skin disorders, neurological damage, or cancer.

Employers have a legal and ethical responsibility to minimize occupational exposures through the implementation of appropriate control measures, including engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment, and training programs. Regular monitoring and surveillance of workers' health can also help identify and prevent potential health hazards in the workplace.

A "mass chest X-ray" is a term used to describe a radiological screening procedure where a large number of individuals undergo chest X-rays, usually as part of a public health campaign or community screening event. The goal is to identify any early signs of lung diseases such as tuberculosis, lung cancer, or other pulmonary abnormalities. It's important to note that while mass screenings can help detect diseases at an earlier stage, they also raise concerns about radiation exposure and the potential for overdiagnosis. Therefore, such procedures are typically carried out under strict medical guidelines and regulations.

Pneumonia is an infection or inflammation of the alveoli (tiny air sacs) in one or both lungs. It's often caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Accumulated pus and fluid in these air sacs make it difficult to breathe, which can lead to coughing, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. The severity of symptoms can vary from mild to life-threatening, depending on the underlying cause, the patient's overall health, and age. Pneumonia is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays or blood tests. Treatment usually involves antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia, antivirals for viral pneumonia, and supportive care like oxygen therapy, hydration, and rest.

Haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium that can cause a variety of infectious diseases in humans. It is part of the normal respiratory flora but can become pathogenic under certain circumstances. The bacteria are named after their initial discovery in 1892 by Richard Pfeiffer during an influenza pandemic, although they are not the causative agent of influenza.

There are six main serotypes (a-f) based on the polysaccharide capsule surrounding the bacterium, with type b (Hib) being the most virulent and invasive. Hib can cause severe invasive diseases such as meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis, and sepsis, particularly in children under 5 years of age. The introduction of the Hib conjugate vaccine has significantly reduced the incidence of these invasive diseases.

Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) strains lack a capsule and are responsible for non-invasive respiratory tract infections, such as otitis media, sinusitis, and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NTHi can also cause invasive diseases but at lower frequency compared to Hib.

Proper diagnosis and antibiotic susceptibility testing are crucial for effective treatment, as Haemophilus influenzae strains may display resistance to certain antibiotics.

Forced expiratory flow rates (FEFR) are measures of how quickly and efficiently air can be exhaled from the lungs during a forced breath maneuver. These measurements are often used in pulmonary function testing to help diagnose and monitor obstructive lung diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

FEFR is typically measured during a forced expiratory maneuver, where the person takes a deep breath in and then exhales as forcefully and quickly as possible into a mouthpiece connected to a spirometer. The spirometer measures the volume and flow rate of the exhaled air over time.

There are several different FEFR measurements that can be reported, including:

* Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF) 25-75%: This is the average flow rate during the middle half of the forced expiratory maneuver.
* Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR): This is the maximum flow rate achieved during the first second of the forced expiratory maneuver.
* Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1): This is the volume of air exhaled in the first second of the forced expiratory maneuver.

Abnormal FEFR values can indicate obstruction in the small airways of the lungs, which can make it difficult to breathe out fully and quickly. The specific pattern of abnormalities in FEFR measurements can help doctors differentiate between different types of obstructive lung diseases.

"Agricultural Workers' Diseases" is a term used to describe a variety of health conditions and illnesses that are associated with agricultural work. These can include both acute and chronic conditions, and can be caused by a range of factors including exposure to chemicals, dusts, allergens, physical injuries, and biological agents such as bacteria and viruses.

Some common examples of Agricultural Workers' Diseases include:

1. Pesticide poisoning: This can occur when agricultural workers are exposed to high levels of pesticides or other chemicals used in farming. Symptoms can range from mild skin irritation to severe neurological damage, depending on the type and amount of chemical exposure.
2. Respiratory diseases: Agricultural workers can be exposed to a variety of dusts and allergens that can cause respiratory problems such as asthma, bronchitis, and farmer's lung. These conditions are often caused by prolonged exposure to moldy hay, grain dust, or other organic materials.
3. Musculoskeletal injuries: Agricultural workers are at risk of developing musculoskeletal injuries due to the physical demands of their job. This can include back pain, repetitive strain injuries, and sprains and strains from lifting heavy objects.
4. Zoonotic diseases: Agricultural workers who come into contact with animals are at risk of contracting zoonotic diseases, which are illnesses that can be transmitted between animals and humans. Examples include Q fever, brucellosis, and leptospirosis.
5. Heat-related illnesses: Agricultural workers who work outside in hot weather are at risk of heat-related illnesses such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

Prevention of Agricultural Workers' Diseases involves a combination of engineering controls, personal protective equipment, and training to help workers understand the risks associated with their job and how to minimize exposure to hazards.

Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.

Diagnostic techniques for the respiratory system are methods used to identify and diagnose various diseases and conditions affecting the lungs and breathing. Here are some commonly used diagnostic techniques:

1. Physical Examination: A healthcare provider will listen to your chest with a stethoscope to check for abnormal breath sounds, such as wheezing or crackles. They may also observe your respiratory rate and effort.
2. Chest X-ray: This imaging test can help identify abnormalities in the lungs, such as tumors, fluid accumulation, or collapsed lung sections.
3. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the lungs and surrounding structures. It can help detect nodules, cysts, or other abnormalities that may not be visible on a chest X-ray.
4. Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs): These tests measure how well your lungs are working by assessing your ability to inhale and exhale air. Common PFTs include spirometry, lung volume measurement, and diffusing capacity testing.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera and light is inserted through the nose or mouth into the airways to examine the lungs' interior and obtain tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL): During a bronchoscopy, fluid is introduced into a specific area of the lung and then suctioned out to collect cells and other materials for analysis.
7. Sleep Studies: These tests monitor your breathing patterns during sleep to diagnose conditions like sleep apnea or other sleep-related breathing disorders.
8. Sputum Analysis: A sample of coughed-up mucus is examined under a microscope to identify any abnormal cells, bacteria, or other organisms that may be causing respiratory issues.
9. Blood Tests: Blood tests can help diagnose various respiratory conditions by measuring oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, identifying specific antibodies or antigens, or detecting genetic markers associated with certain diseases.
10. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: A PET scan uses a small amount of radioactive material to create detailed images of the body's internal structures and functions, helping identify areas of abnormal cell growth or metabolic activity in the lungs.

Air pollution is defined as the contamination of air due to the presence of substances or harmful elements that exceed the acceptable limits. These pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, gases, or a combination of these. They can be released from various sources, including industrial processes, vehicle emissions, burning of fossil fuels, and natural events like volcanic eruptions.

Exposure to air pollution can have significant impacts on human health, contributing to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular issues, and even premature death. It can also harm the environment, damaging crops, forests, and wildlife populations. Stringent regulations and measures are necessary to control and reduce air pollution levels, thereby protecting public health and the environment.

NIH entry on Bronchitis MedlinePlus entries on Acute bronchitis and Chronic bronchitis Mayo Clinic factsheet on bronchitis (CS1 ... Acute bronchitis is the most common type of bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is a lower respiratory tract disease, defined by a ... Bronchitis caused in this way is often referred to as industrial bronchitis, or occupational bronchitis. Rarely genetic factors ... Bronchitis can be acute or chronic. Acute bronchitis usually has a cough that lasts around three weeks, and is also known as a ...
... (PB) is a disorder in which branching casts of the airways are expectorated. PB is not a single disease with ... Patients with plastic bronchitis that is being caused due to a co-morbid condition generally have a good prognosis once the ... "Plastic Bronchitis - Treatment, Symptoms and Causes". Itabashi, S; Kano, M; Endo, K; Sasaki, H (1999). "A resuscitated case ... Turgut, T; In, E; Özercan, IH; Kaplan, M (2014). "A case of plastic bronchitis". Arch Iran Med. 17 (8): 589-90. PMID 25065285. ...
"Aberdeen Quest - Bronchitis Kettle". Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2010-06-13. "Electrical bronchitis ... The bronchitis kettle, typified by a long spout, was used in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to moisten the air for a ... Ailments - Bronchitis". British Medical Journal article from 1881 v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... sufferer of bronchitis, and was considered to make it easier to breathe for the patient. Sometimes menthol was added to the ...
... , also known as hoose, husk, or verminous bronchitis, is a disease of sheep, cattle, goats, and swine ... When diagnosing parasitic bronchitis, it is mainly based on the symptoms and grazing habits. There are multiple methods to ... "Worm bronchitis, a parasitic and respiratory disease cattle". in.virbac.com. Retrieved 2021-11-30. "Sputum: Definition, colors ... 2015). "Parasitic bronchitis". Black's Veterinary Dictionary (22nd ed.). p. 639. ISBN 9781408181287. Bowsman, DD; Zajac, AM ( ...
The most common symptom of eosinophilic bronchitis is a chronic dry cough lasting more than 6-8 weeks. Eosinophilic bronchitis ... versus eosinophilic bronchitis in asthma. Non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis is different from asthma in that it does not ... Eosinophilic bronchitis (EB) is a type of airway inflammation due to excessive mast cell recruitment and activation in the ... Eosinophilic bronchitis has also been linked to other conditions such as COPD, atopic cough, and allergic rhinitis. The number ...
... , also known as a chest cold, is short-term bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized ... This is typical of chronic bronchitis. Although infection is not the reason or cause of chronic bronchitis, it is seen to aid ... Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Bronchitis". Acute Bronchitis FamilyDoctor.org (American ... Acute bronchitis usually lasts a few days or weeks. It may accompany or closely follow a cold or the flu, or may occur on its ...
PMID 8380672 Media related to Avian infectious bronchitis at Wikimedia Commons The Infectious Bronchitis (IB) information site ... Infectious bronchitis. In: Diseases of poultry, 11th ed. Y. M. Saif, ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA. pp. 101-120. ... Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens. The disease is caused by ... "Infectious Bronchitis: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Archived from the original on 22 June 2007. Retrieved ...
The Asthma and Bronchitis Association of India (ABAI) was founded in 1984 at the pulmonary function laboratory of St. George's ...
The Infectious bronchitis virus D-RNA is an RNA element known as defective RNA or D-RNA. This element is thought to be ... Page for Infectious bronchitis virus D-RNA at Rfam (Cis-regulatory RNA elements, Gammacoronaviruses). ... "In vitro and in ovo expression of chicken gamma interferon by a defective RNA of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus ... "Expression of reporter genes from the defective RNA CD-61 of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus". The Journal of ...
A major illness associated with excess phlegm is acute bronchitis. A major symptom of acute bronchitis is an excess amount of ... "Bronchitis". umm.edu. University of Maryland Medical Center. 2012-12-03. Retrieved 2013-03-25. "Asthma". Netdoctor.co.uk. ... such as bronchitis). In the latter case, the sputum is normally lightly streaked with blood. Coughing up any significant ...
... bronchitis; asthma; allergy; hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP); and worsening of pre-existing respiratory problems. Safer ...
... it is defined as chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis can occur before the restricted airflow diagnostic of COPD. Some people ... Chronic bronchitis is defined as a productive cough that is present for at least three months each year for two years. Both of ... Chronic bronchitis is defined as a productive cough that is present for at least three months each year for two years but does ... "Bronchitis". nhs.uk. 17 October 2017. Zhu A, Teng Y, Ge D, Zhang X, Hu M, Yao X (October 2019). "Role of metformin in treatment ...
In 1953 in a letter on Chronic Bronchitis to the British Medical Journal he wrote:'The air we breathe is as important as the ... Joules H. Stop that cough!: a study of preventable bronchitis. London; 1953. "Munks Roll Details for Horace Joules". munksroll. ... Joules, H. (22 August 1953). "Chronic Bronchitis". British Medical Journal. 2 (4833): 440-441. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4833.440-c. ... especially those who developed chronic bronchitis but had no radiographic evidence of pneumoconiosis. In the absence of X-ray ...
"Aspergillus bronchitis , Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website". www.aspergillus.org.uk. Durack J, Boushey HA, Lynch SV (July ... Other common conditions include Aspergillus bronchitis, Aspergillus rhinosinusitis (many millions), otitis externa, and ...
Labelled 'purulent bronchitis' for want of a better term, the disease proved fatal in half the cases and many soldiers also ... Hammond JA, Rolland W, Shore TH (14 July 1917). "Purulent bronchitis: A study of cases occurring amongst the British troops at ... "purulent bronchitis" is not yet linked to the same A/H1N1 virus, but it may be a precursor. In 1918, 'epidemic influenza' ( ... purulent bronchitis) or by French military doctors as 'disease 11' (maladie onze). The naming of diseases and especially ...
Bronchitis describes the swelling or inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Additionally, bronchitis is described as either acute ... Acute bronchitis can be defined as acute bacterial or viral infection of the larger airways in healthy patients with no history ... Acute bronchitis typically resolves on its own with time.[citation needed] In 2015 there were about 291 million cases. These ... Treatment of acute bronchitis with antibiotics is common but controversial as their use has only moderate benefit weighted ...
She died aged 69 years on 26 March 1925, of bronchitis and heart failure, at 25 St Ann's Road, Rotherham. She had been living ... Spinster daughter of Charles Dover platter carver (wood). (1) Bronchitis. (2) Arterio sclerotic heart failure. No post mortem ...
ISBN 978-0-7216-7335-6. Morgan WK (November 1978). "Industrial bronchitis". Br J Ind Med. 35 (4): 285-91. doi:10.1136/oem.35.4. ...
... workers exposed to coal dust develop industrial bronchitis, clinically defined as chronic bronchitis (i.e. a productive cough ... In non-smokers (who are less prone to develop bronchitis than smokers), studies of coal miners have shown a 16% to 17% ... Morgan WK (November 1978). "Industrial bronchitis". Br J Ind Med. 35 (4): 285-91. doi:10.1136/oem.35.4.285. PMC 1008445. PMID ... The incidence of industrial bronchitis varies with age, job, exposure, and smoking. ...
Infectious Bronchitis - Ark; Infectious Bronchitis - Conn; Infectious Bronchitis - JMK; Infectious Bronchitis - Mass; ...
Infectious bronchitis virus D-RNA Veterinary virology ICTV 7th Report van Regenmortel, M.H.V., Fauquet, C.M., Bishop, D.H.L., ... Jia, W; Karaca, K; Parrish, C.R.; Naqi, S.A. (1995). "A novel variant of avian infectious bronchitis virus resulting from ... "Infectious Bronchitis: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Archived from the original on 22 June 2007. Retrieved ... The strain of avian coronavirus previously known as infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the only coronavirus that infects ...
Fuchs, Caspar Friedrich (1849). Die Bronchitis der Kinder. Leipzig: Verlag von Otto Wigand. p. 3. "Eduard Jörg". edition- ...
Greig began to have severe bouts of coughing in May 2012; initially, bronchitis was diagnosed. After undergoing tests, a small ...
Bronchitis increases the amount of mucus that is natural in your respiratory tract. Chronic bronchitis is common in smokers, ... Secondary COPD can be found in older adults who smoke or have smoked and have a history of bronchitis.[citation needed] COPD ... You can be more prone to developing this infection if you have asthma, flu, heart disease, or cancer Bronchitis is another ... "Chest Cold (Acute Bronchitis)". Centers For Disease Control And Prevention. Retrieved 2 July 2021. "Tuberculosis". The Lecturio ...
Silicosis often leads to more severe lung diseases such as; lung cancer, Bronchitis, and Tuberculosis. In 2003, Turkish ...
"Bronchitis Knocks Nicks Off Tour". Billboard. August 22, 2001. Archived from the original on September 30, 2014. Retrieved ... although some shows were canceled or postponed because of her bout with acute bronchitis. Shows were also canceled because of ...
He suffered from chronic bronchitis. Besides his professional career, Adipanga was the president of the Union congolaise, the ...
He suffered from chronic bronchitis. In 1925, on the instruction of his doctors, he was reluctantly sent on a recuperative ...
He died of acute bronchitis. Gladys Heldman was his daughter and Arthur Medalie was his son. The History of the New York Court ...
Zagam (Sparfloxacin), for chronic bronchitis. Zemaira (Alpha-1 antitrypsin), for chronic augmentation, now owned by CSL Behring ...
Percent of adults who have ever been diagnosed with COPD, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis: 4.6% (2022) ... sum of Chronic and unspecified bronchitis AND Bronchiectasis, emphysema and other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ...
Acute bronchitis is swelling and inflamed tissue in the main passages that carry air to the lungs. This swelling narrows the ... Acute bronchitis is swelling and inflamed tissue in the main passages that carry air to the lungs. This swelling narrows the ... Chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition. To be diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, you must have a cough with mucus on most ... When acute bronchitis occurs, it almost always comes after having a cold or flu-like illness. The bronchitis infection is ...
In children, acute bronchitis usually occurs in association with viral respiratory tract infection. ... Acute bronchitis is a clinical syndrome produced by inflammation of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. ... encoded search term (Pediatric Bronchitis) and Pediatric Bronchitis What to Read Next on Medscape ... Pediatric Bronchitis Differential Diagnoses. Updated: Jun 22, 2023 * Author: Patrick L Carolan, MD; Chief Editor: Girish D ...
NIH entry on Bronchitis MedlinePlus entries on Acute bronchitis and Chronic bronchitis Mayo Clinic factsheet on bronchitis (CS1 ... Acute bronchitis is the most common type of bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is a lower respiratory tract disease, defined by a ... Bronchitis caused in this way is often referred to as industrial bronchitis, or occupational bronchitis. Rarely genetic factors ... Bronchitis can be acute or chronic. Acute bronchitis usually has a cough that lasts around three weeks, and is also known as a ...
Choose upto 5 items for side by side feature ...
Bronchitis is an infection of the tubes that lead to the lungs. It can be acute or chronic. Symptoms include a cough and ... How contagious is bronchitis?. Bronchitis can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). Acute bronchitis, which is very ... However, this is not the case for chronic bronchitis. Can bronchitis go away on its own?. Most cases of acute bronchitis go ... Bronchitis can be acute or chronic. Acute bronchitis usually clears up, but chronic bronchitis is persistent and never ...
... (Upper Respiratory Tract Infection; Lower Respiratory Tract Infecti ... There are different types of bronchitis such as:. *Acute bronchitis-is a sudden onset of symptoms. It only lasts a short time. ... This Bronchitis page on EmpowHER Womens Health works best with javascript enabled in your browser.. Toggle navigation Womens ... Acute Bronchitis. Treatment is aimed at relieving the symptoms. It includes: *Aspirin. or acetaminophen. to treat pain and ...
Learn the causes, symptoms, contagious period, treatments, and complications of chronic bronchitis. ... Chronic bronchitis is different from acute bronchitis in that it involves a cough that lasts for at least 3 months, 2 years in ... Top Chronic Bronchitis Related Articles. *. Bronchitis Picture. Acute bronchitis usually comes on quickly and gets better after ... Chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis differs from acute bronchitis in several ways, for example, pathology, progression of ...
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the tubes that carry air to and from the lungs. Coughing and shortness of breath are the major ... Bronchitis may be either acute or chronic.. Often developing from a cold or other respiratory infection, acute bronchitis is ... Cigarette smoke. People who smoke or who live with a smoker are at higher risk of both acute bronchitis and chronic bronchitis. ... However, if you have repeated bouts of bronchitis, you may have chronic bronchitis, which requires medical attention. Chronic ...
... chronic bronchitis is a common type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Learn more about this condition. ... People with chronic bronchitis develop a persistent mucus-producing cough that is present most days of the month, or for three ... When treating chronic bronchitis, we aim to ease symptoms, slow progression of the disease and prevent complications. ... Chest X-ray. Chest X-rays can help confirm a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and rule out other lung conditions. ...
Bronchitis is one of the top conditions for which patients seek medical care. It is characterized by inflammation of the ... encoded search term (Bronchitis) and Bronchitis What to Read Next on Medscape ... Bronchitis Clinical Presentation. Updated: Mar 24, 2021 * Author: Jazeela Fayyaz, DO; Chief Editor: Zab Mosenifar, MD, FACP, ... Patients with chronic bronchitis are often overweight and cyanotic. Initially, cough is present in the winter months. Over the ...
Bronchitis can be acute or chronic. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses, and it may occur with or after a cold or ... Chronic bronchitis is most common in smokers, although people who have repeated episodes of acute bronchitis sometimes develop ... In bronchitis, the bronchial tubes become irritated and produce more mucus, and it may be harder for air to pass in and out of ... Bronchitis (bron-KYE-tis) is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, the airways that connect the trachea ( ...
Young adults who vape cannabis are more likely to experience cough, bronchitis and wheezing, study finds ... found that vaping cannabis at any frequency was linked with symptoms of bronchitis and wheezing in young adults around 19 years ... cannabis any number of times from within the last month to their overall lifetime had a stronger link to symptoms of bronchitis ...
Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of your childs large breathing tubes or airways. Learn more from Boston Childrens ... What is acute bronchitis?. Bronchitis describes an inflammation of your childs large breathing tubes or airways, called ... What causes acute bronchitis?. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a virus - it often follows the common cold. ... Acute bronchitis can also be caused by dust, allergens, strong fumes, or secondhand smoke; acute bronchitis may be the cause or ...
Nocturnal deaths among patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984; 289 :878 doi:10.1136/bmj. ... Nocturnal deaths among patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema.. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984; 289 doi: https://doi.org/ ...
... Chest. 1995 Dec;108(6):1557-61. doi: 10.1378/chest. ... Results: Risk of chronic bronchitis was significantly higher in current smokers than in never smokers (relative risk [RR] = ... Methods: Age-adjusted relative risk estimates for smoking categories were calculated separately for chronic bronchitis and ... chronic bronchitis risk in past smokers approached that in never smokers. In contrast, current smokers were at significantly ...
About 1 in 20 people in North America suffers from chronic bronchitis. Women are more at risk than men. ... Bronchitis is an inflammation of the airways between the windpipe and the lungs (bronchial tubes). The lining of these tubes ... For acute (infectious) bronchitis:. *Antibiotics are normally only prescribed if the bronchitis is caused by bacteria. If a ... There are two types of bronchitis:. Acute bronchitis comes on rapidly, usually after a virus has invaded the upper respiratory ...
Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic bronchitis. This review has been withdrawn.. The reason for withdrawal and previous ... Staykova T, Black PN, Chacko EE, Poole P. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic bronchitis. Cochrane Database of ...
Acute bronchitis usually lasts anywhere from 1 to 3 weeks while chronic bronchitis sticks around for at least three months per ... So what should I do if my bronchitis isnt bacterial?. If your doctor determines that your bronchitis is not of the bacterial ... What is bronchitis?. Before we dive headfirst into medication options, lets make sure were all on the same page about what ... Bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages between your nose and lungs (aka your bronchi). Typically, it starts off with ...
You need to be signed in to access email alerts. If you have an account log in with your user name and password. If you dont have an account you can just enter your email address in the email box below ...
What are some typical chronic bronchitis symptoms and signs? ... Chronic bronchitis is not very different from acute bronchitis ... Chronic Bronchitis Symptoms and Signs. What are some typical chronic bronchitis symptoms and signs? Bronchitis is something ... The signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis are usually the same as those for acute bronchitis, but with chronic bronchitis, ... Some Related Bronchitis Pages. Click here for more pages and articles on Bronchitis. ...
Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis and Haemostasis Group Thromb Haemost. 1994 Sep;72(3):343-6. ...
Learn about the veterinary topic of Bronchitis in Cats. Find specific details on this topic and related topics from the Merck ... Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial airways that may extend into the lungs. It is discussed later in this chapter as ... It is a mild, self-limiting disease but may progress to bronchopneumonia in puppies or to chronic bronchitis in debilitated ... part of tracheobronchitis Tracheobronchitis (Bronchitis, Bronchial Asthma) in Cats Tracheobronchitis is an acute or chronic ...
... you should first know what bronchitis is. Inflammation of the bronchial tubes is referred to as bronchitis in medical terms. ... Before knowing about the bronchitis causes, symptoms, and treatment, ... Bronchitis could be acute or chronic. The former is very often the outcome of either a cold or the flu. In toddlers, bronchitis ... Symptoms of Toddler Bronchitis Symptoms of bronchitis in toddlers include coughing that may or may not be accompanied by phlegm ...
Just been diagnosed with mild chronic bronchitis. Dont know what the hell that means so I though... ...
Bronchitis. April 27, 2019. Dr. Meenakshi Chauhan Home Remedies for Bronchitis Bronchitis is defined as the inflammatory ... How to Treat Bronchitis and Cough Naturally? Introduction Diet and Lifestyle Home Remedies Bronchitis is defined as the ... Bronchitis and Cough. April 12, 2019. May 30, 2019. Dr. Meenakshi Chauhan ... Patients suffering from bronchitis have difficulty in inhaling oxygen into the lungs. Inhaling toxic fumes due to pollution is ...
Definition of Bronchitis: Bronchitis is the condition in which the bronchi and trachea of the upper respiratory tract become ... Bronchitis is often a complication that arises from some sort of infection of the upper respiratory tract. Symptoms ... Difference Between Bronchitis and Bronchiolitis What is Bronchitis? ... What is Bronchitis?. Definition of Bronchitis:. Bronchitis is the condition in which the bronchi and trachea of the upper ...
A nagging cough that lingers and causes difficulty in breathing is often symptomatic of bronchitis. ... bronchitis natural remedies for . coltsfoot for bronchitis Benzoin Resin * Boneset * Cajeput Oil * Camphor * Cardamom * Anise ... A nagging cough that lingers and causes difficulty in breathing is often symptomatic of bronchitis. Episodes of bronchitis ... and act as antiseptics to treat bronchitis. ... Elecampane and coltsfoot bronchitis tea * Elecampane root ...
Bronchitis diagnosis: physical examination including percussion and auscultation of the chest. A lung function test should also ... If chronic bronchitis with narrowed airways (chronic obstructive bronchitis) is suspected, it is important to rule out other ... Identifying bronchitis: Lung function and blood values If narrowing of the airways (obstruction) is suspected, a lung function ... The examination for bronchitis is based on the patients personal symptoms. The patient is first interviewed, and a physical ...
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) note that a person who develops emphysema alongside chronic bronchitis will receive a diagnosis of COPD. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • COPD also includes the entities of emphysema , chronic bronchitis, and chronic asthma . (medicinenet.com)
  • Statistics from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggest that about 49% of smokers develop chronic bronchitis and 24% develop emphysema / COPD . (medicinenet.com)
  • Nocturnal deaths among patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. (bmj.com)
  • Pope Francis leaves the Gemelli hospital on April 1, 2023 in Rome, after being discharged following treatment for bronchitis. (timesofisrael.com)
  • Many people with chronic bronchitis also have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (wikipedia.org)
  • When chronic bronchitis occurs together with decreased airflow it is known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (wikipedia.org)
  • With long-standing inflammation, as can be seen in chronic bronchitis, this muscular spasm and inflammation result in a fixed, nonreversible narrowing of the airway, and the condition is termed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ). (medicinenet.com)
  • Some NIH investigators consider chronic bronchitis a type of COPD . (medicinenet.com)
  • Chronic bronchitis is one of the conditions included in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (mayoclinic.org)
  • Affecting millions of Americans each year, chronic bronchitis is a common type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in which the air passages in the lungs - the bronchi - are repeatedly inflamed, leading to scarring of the bronchi walls. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Over 90 percent of patients with chronic bronchitis have a smoking history, although only 15 percent of all cigarette smokers are ultimately diagnosed with some type of COPD, such as chronic bronchitis. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • This makes people with chronic bronchitis and COPD more prone to other infections such as pneumonia. (medbroadcast.com)
  • Chronic conditions such as COPD, smoking, and cystic fibrosis can cause the chronic form of bronchitis. (differencebetween.net)
  • Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for chronic bronchitis, as is having COPD or cystic fibrosis. (differencebetween.net)
  • How to Treat Bronchitis and Cough Naturally? (planetayurveda.com)
  • Herbal remedies and herbal teas ease difficult breathing by opening up the inflamed airways, inhibit coughing, and act as antiseptics to treat bronchitis. (anniesremedy.com)
  • If to use too low or high dose of antibiotic to treat bronchitis, then the drug may work not so well. (ahefv.com)
  • ROME - Pope Francis left hospital on Saturday after a three-night stay to treat bronchitis, stopping to say hello to well-wishers and joking he was "still alive. (timesofisrael.com)
  • There are several different types of bronchitis, but the two most common are chronic, which primarily affects adults, and acute, which is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of your child's bronchial tubes. (childrenshospital.org)
  • There are two main types of bronchitis: acute and chronic. (dane101.com)
  • The good news is that both types of bronchitis can be treated with antibiotics if they're caused by bacteria - which they often are! (dane101.com)
  • Most people DO NOT need antibiotics for acute bronchitis caused by a virus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There are efforts to decrease the use of antibiotics in acute bronchitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antibiotics don't kill viruses, so this type of medication isn't useful in most cases of bronchitis. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Antibiotics may be used to help fight respiratory infections common in people with chronic bronchitis. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Because acute bronchitis is most often due to a virus, the doctor may not prescribe an antibiotic (antibiotics only work against bacteria, not viruses). (childrensmn.org)
  • Antibiotics are normally only prescribed if the bronchitis is caused by bacteria. (medbroadcast.com)
  • As acute bronchitis is usually caused by a virus, antibiotics are usually not needed. (singhealth.com.sg)
  • Before treating bronchitis by means of antibiotics, exclude other health problems and make sure that the disease cause is bacteria. (ahefv.com)
  • Bronchitis therapy with antibiotics is aimed not only at getting rid of the disease symptoms, but also at killing the bacteria that caused it. (ahefv.com)
  • Antibiotics for bronchitis treatment do not help the patient whose lower respiratory tract infection was caused by virus. (ahefv.com)
  • In addition to treating bronchitis with antibiotics, patients are advised to stop smoking or reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day. (ahefv.com)
  • Antibiotics for bronchitis treatment should be used only as directed and at recommended doses, which may depend on the patient's age and the disease severity. (ahefv.com)
  • It is a common practice to treat infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract, such as bronchitis and pneumonia using antibiotics. (ahefv.com)
  • Many different researches have been aimed at studying the antibiotics effect on elderly people suffering from bronchitis. (ahefv.com)
  • There is no quick way to cure bronchitis, the patient needs to take antibiotics within several weeks before his health improves. (ahefv.com)
  • Efficacy and safety of many antibiotics for bronchitis treatment for adults have been proven. (ahefv.com)
  • Based on drug class, the bronchitis treatment market has been classified into antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, bronchodilators, and mucolytics. (clickpress.com)
  • The Vatican, citing medical staff, said on Thursday that Francis had been diagnosed with "infectious bronchitis" requiring antibiotics, and that the treatment had brought about a "marked improvement in his state of health. (timesofisrael.com)
  • I found the focus on the problem of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing of the article "Impact of Geodemographic Factors on Antibiotic Prescribing for Acute, Uncomplicated Bronchitis or Upper Respiratory Tract Infection" 1 of interest, especially as the issue of how to address the problem of antibiotics overuse has been in need of a solution for more than 20 years. (jabfm.org)
  • People with bronchitis have swelling and inflammation in their bronchial tubes, the air passages that link the mouth and nose with the lungs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A person with bronchitis may have a cough that lasts for several weeks or even a few months if the bronchial tubes take a long time to heal fully. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Bronchitis happens when a virus, bacteria, or irritant particles trigger an inflammation of the bronchial tubes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Bronchitis is a term that describes inflammation of the bronchial tubes (bronchi and the smaller branches termed bronchioles ) that results in excessive secretions of mucus into the tubes, leading to tissue swelling that can narrow or close off bronchial tubes. (medicinenet.com)
  • Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from your lungs. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Chronic bronchitis, a more serious condition, is a constant irritation or inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, often due to smoking. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Bronchitis (bron-KYE-tis) is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, the airways that connect the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs . (childrensmn.org)
  • In bronchitis, the bronchial tubes become irritated and produce more mucus, and it may be harder for air to pass in and out of the lungs. (childrensmn.org)
  • For chronic bronchitis, the goal is to reduce exposure to whatever is irritating the bronchial tubes. (childrensmn.org)
  • Bronchitis is an inflammation of the airways between the windpipe and the lungs ( bronchial tubes ). (medbroadcast.com)
  • Home Remedies for Bronchitis Bronchitis is defined as the inflammatory disorder, which is characterized by swelling of the membrane inside the bronchial tubes of the lungs. (planetayurveda.com)
  • Introduction Diet and Lifestyle Home Remedies Bronchitis is defined as the swelling or inflammation in the bronchial tubes, which carry air between the lungs, mouth and the nose. (planetayurveda.com)
  • The arrival of autumn, complete with the changing colors of the leaves and a distinct chill in the air, often is accompanied - for many of us - by the arrival of a scratchy throat that can develop into a cough and, ultimately, bronchitis, a condition that involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes. (wonderlabs.com)
  • Bronchitis is a swelling of the airways in the lungs that carry air to your stomach and back again (bronchial tubes). (indiatvnews.com)
  • Chronic bronchitis is often part of an underlying disease process, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, dyskinetic cilia syndrome, foreign body aspiration, or exposure to an airway irritant. (medscape.com)
  • acute bronchitis may be the cause or result of an asthma attack . (childrenshospital.org)
  • Among 74,072 women, 34 to 68 years of age, who were free of major diseases, we documented 671 incident asthma cases and 798 incident cases of chronic bronchitis during 10 years of follow-up. (nih.gov)
  • Age-adjusted relative risk estimates for smoking categories were calculated separately for chronic bronchitis and asthma. (nih.gov)
  • I have severe asthma, and i was wondering if being near tobacco/marijuana smoke couldve taken me from a cold to bronchitis. (healthtap.com)
  • Bronchitis symptoms, such as wheezing, chest tightness and difficulty breathing associated with allergies are the result of allergy-induced asthma 3 . (healthfully.com)
  • Chronic bronchitis (49.1%) and asthma (36.1%) were the most common clinical diagnoses. (who.int)
  • Chest cold (acute bronchitis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Acute bronchitis usually has a cough that lasts around three weeks, and is also known as a chest cold. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute bronchitis, also known as a chest cold, is short term inflammation of the bronchi of the lungs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute bronchitis, also called a chest cold, usually improves within a week to 10 days without lasting effects, although the cough may linger for weeks. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Chest X-rays can help confirm a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and rule out other lung conditions. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • The most common symptom of bronchitis is a cough , but it also can cause wheezing, chest pain, and a low fever. (childrensmn.org)
  • Bronchitis can be diagnosed based on a physical exam and after a chest x-ray has ruled out other conditions. (differencebetween.net)
  • Bronchitis is diagnosed by physical exam and by the use of chest X-rays to exclude other possible conditions. (differencebetween.net)
  • According to Elena C who received salt therapy treatment in a London clinic ""Having chronic bronchitis I experienced constant coughing and chest pain each morning. (saltroomwinterhaven.com)
  • Initially, the Vatican said he had gone in for scheduled tests, but the pontiff later revealed he had felt pain in his chest and was rushed to the hospital where bronchitis was diagnosed. (yourerie.com)
  • Acute bronchitis is swelling and inflamed tissue in the main passages that carry air to the lungs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the case of chronic bronchitis, fixed airway obstruction, airway inflammation, and retained secretions can result in a mismatch of blood flow and airflow in the lungs . (medicinenet.com)
  • Quitting smoking is also essential for patients with chronic bronchitis, since continuing to use tobacco will only further damage the lungs. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Inhaled as aerosol sprays or taken orally, bronchodilator medications may help to relieve symptoms of chronic bronchitis by relaxing and opening the air passages in the lungs. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages between your nose and lungs (aka your bronchi). (dane101.com)
  • Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial airways that may extend into the lungs. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Bronchitis In Toddlers Bronchitis is an inflammation or infection of the air passages or airways to the lungs. (pregnancy-baby-care.com)
  • Patients suffering from bronchitis have difficulty in inhaling oxygen into the lungs. (planetayurveda.com)
  • Bronchitis is a respiratory disease where the lining of the main airways in the lungs becomes inflamed. (singhealth.com.sg)
  • Bronchitis is an acute inflammation of the air passages within the lungs. (saltroomwinterhaven.com)
  • Bronchitis is a condition in which the main passages into the lungs, the bronchi, become inflamed. (rennwellness.com)
  • According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the main organs affected by bronchitis are the Lungs and the Triple Warmer. (rennwellness.com)
  • Sometimes it can be hard to know if you have pneumonia or bronchitis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Patients with chronic bronchitis should receive a flu shot annually and pneumonia shot every five to seven years to prevent infections. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • These tests can confirm diagnosis of bronchitis and rule out pneumonia or other lung conditions. (singhealth.com.sg)
  • Chronic bronchitis is most common in smokers, although people who have repeated episodes of acute bronchitis sometimes develop the chronic condition. (childrensmn.org)
  • Approximately 5 years after quitting, chronic bronchitis risk in past smokers approached that in never smokers. (nih.gov)
  • Typically, people with chronic bronchitis are smokers over 45 years of age. (medbroadcast.com)
  • Handwashing often helps prevent the spread of many germs that cause bronchitis - especially during cold and flu season. (childrensmn.org)
  • The viruses that most often cause bronchitis, are rhinovirus and the influenza type A or type B virus. (differencebetween.net)
  • The respiratory syncytial virus can also cause bronchitis as can coronavirus or parainfluenza virus. (differencebetween.net)
  • Can exposure to tobacco/marijuana smoke cause bronchitis? (healthtap.com)
  • Some of the most common allergens that cause bronchitis symptoms with allergies are pet dander, mold, pollen and dust, according to National Jewish Health 2 . (healthfully.com)
  • Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) are known to have a substantial economic burden in terms of medical care costs. (rti.org)
  • Patients suffering from bacterial bronchitis can be treated at home by taking various capsules or pills that alleviate the illness symptoms, for example, coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. (ahefv.com)
  • Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi and trachea while bronchiolitis is infection and inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. (differencebetween.net)
  • Click here for natural, herbal and homeopathic remedies for bronchitis. (all4naturalhealth.com)
  • There is no known cure for bronchitis or even for significantly shortening its duration, but there are a number of remedies that can help a sufferer get through a case with at least some sense of normalcy. (wonderlabs.com)
  • Following, in alphabetical order, are 10 of the popular remedies for bronchitis. (wonderlabs.com)
  • Pro-Con Debate: Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis as a Cause of Chronic Cough in Children. (medscape.com)
  • Prevalence and subtyping of biofilms present in bronchoalveolar lavage from children with protracted bacterial bronchitis or non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a cross-sectional study. (medscape.com)
  • An underestimated cause of chronic cough: The Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis. (medscape.com)
  • Multiple Respiratory Microbiota Profiles Are Associated With Lower Airway Inflammation in Children With Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis. (medscape.com)
  • There is a big difference between bronchitis occurred because of a virus and bacterial bronchitis. (ahefv.com)
  • Bacterial bronchitis is often diagnosed in children. (ahefv.com)
  • If the only symptoms are bronchitis symptoms, the person may have viral or bacterial bronchitis. (healthfully.com)
  • By contrast in the United States, in 2018, 9.3 million people were diagnosed with the less common chronic bronchitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • A literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles assessing one or more aspects of work loss or workplace costs among patients with chronic bronchitis. (rti.org)
  • Even after acute bronchitis has cleared, you may have a dry, nagging cough that lasts for 1 to 4 weeks. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Chronic bronchitis is defined as a productive cough - one that produces sputum - that lasts for three months or more per year for at least two years. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another common sign of bronchitis is a cough which lasts ten days to three weeks. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the cough lasts for longer than a month, it may become chronic bronchitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute bronchitis lasts for a specific length of time. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Chronic bronchitis is defined as a cough that occurs every day with sputum production that lasts for at least 3 months, 2 years in a row. (medicinenet.com)
  • Chronic bronchitis is defined as a productive cough that lasts at least three months, with recurring bouts occurring for at least two consecutive years. (mayoclinic.org)
  • In patients with acute bronchitis, cough generally lasts from 10-20 days. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic bronchitis is defined as a mucus-producing cough that lasts for at least 3 months in 2 consecutive years. (medbroadcast.com)
  • Acute bronchitis usually lasts anywhere from 1 to 3 weeks while chronic bronchitis sticks around for at least three months per year over two years. (dane101.com)
  • In chronic bronchitis, the cough lasts for as long as three months .After only 5 sessions of salt therapy, most of the inflammation has been reduced and excess mucous has been expelled. (saltroomwinterhaven.com)
  • The bronchitis infection is caused by a virus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Acute bronchitis is normally caused by a viral infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • If bronchitis is due to a viral or bacterial infection, it is possible to transmit the infection to another person through droplets when coughing. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Often developing from a cold or other respiratory infection, acute bronchitis is very common. (mayoclinic.org)
  • At those times, you may have an acute infection on top of chronic bronchitis. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Acute bronchitis may be indistinguishable from an upper respiratory tract infection during the first few days, though cough lasting greater than 5 days may suggest acute bronchitis. (medscape.com)
  • Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses, and it may occur with or after a cold or other respiratory infection. (childrensmn.org)
  • A growing number of specialists believe that some kind of infection is a necessary final trigger of chronic bronchitis. (medbroadcast.com)
  • An infection of these tubes is referred to as bronchitis. (pregnancy-baby-care.com)
  • In toddlers, bronchitis generally starts off as a respiratory infection. (pregnancy-baby-care.com)
  • Bronchitis is often a complication that arises from some sort of infection of the upper respiratory tract. (differencebetween.net)
  • Having an upper respiratory tract infection is a risk factor for developing acute bronchitis. (differencebetween.net)
  • Episodes of bronchitis occur more often during the winter months and can follow a viral respiratory infection. (anniesremedy.com)
  • Acute bronchitis is usually a mild condition and often starts as a result of a respiratory infection such as cold or flu. (singhealth.com.sg)
  • Some drugs for dry cough can be used in the early stages of bronchitis and sinus infection. (ahefv.com)
  • Chronic bronchitis is an infection of the trachea and bronchi for at least three consecutive months for more than two consecutive years. (mims.com)
  • Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi. (empowher.com)
  • Bronchitis describes an inflammation of your child's large breathing tubes or airways, called bronchi. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Bronchitis is the condition in which the bronchi and trachea of the upper respiratory tract become inflamed. (differencebetween.net)
  • Chronic bronchitis is a serious disease in which the bronchi are in a state of constant irritation and inflammation. (ahefv.com)
  • Macrolide immunomodulatory effects and symptom resolution in acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and acute maxillary sinusitis: a focus on clarithromycin. (empowher.com)
  • Persistent coughing accompanied by mucus or phlegm is the most obvious symptom of bronchitis. (medbroadcast.com)
  • The main chronic bronchitis symptom is coughing with mucus. (all4naturalhealth.com)
  • Coughing, wheezing and difficulty breathing is a symptom of bronchitis. (differencebetween.net)
  • Purulent sputum is reported in 50% of persons with acute bronchitis. (medscape.com)
  • The goal of therapy for chronic bronchitis is to relieve symptoms, prevent complications and slow the progression of the disease. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Staykova T, Black PN, Chacko EE, Poole P. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic bronchitis. (cochrane.org)
  • People with chronic bronchitis develop a persistent mucus-producing cough that is present most days of the month, or for three months of the year for two successive years. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Jivcu C, Gotfried M. Gemifloxacin use in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. (medscape.com)
  • Mixed with milk, per effectiveremedies.com , garlic has shown to be helpful in easing bronchitis symptoms thanks to its antiviral and antibiotic characteristics. (wonderlabs.com)
  • discussed interventions underpinned by some of their findings, stating that "antibiotic prescribing interventions for adult acute bronchitis and upper respiratory tract infections could target patients living in areas with higher socioeconomic status. (jabfm.org)
  • Your risk of developing bronchitis is greater if you work around certain lung irritants, such as grains or textiles, or are exposed to chemical fumes. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Certain jobs such as coal mining, welding, asbestos work, and grain handling also increase the risk of developing bronchitis. (medbroadcast.com)
  • The most common cause of chronic bronchitis is cigarette smoking. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Cigarette smoking is the number one risk factor for developing chronic bronchitis. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Rise in geriatric population, high incidence of bronchitis, and increase in cigarette smoking patient pool are major drivers of the global market. (clickpress.com)
  • Taking oral antihistamines will help reduce allergy symptoms but will not alleviate bronchitis symptoms cased by allergies. (healthfully.com)
  • Acute bronchitis comes on rapidly, usually after a virus has invaded the upper respiratory tract. (medbroadcast.com)
  • Drinking water consistently throughout the day and at night while battling a case of bronchitis, per health.com , will help thin out mucus and thus act as an expectorant, making it easier to get rid of that nasty cough. (wonderlabs.com)
  • The visit comes more than two months after he was hospitalized with an acute case of bronchitis. (yourerie.com)
  • ROME (AP) - Pope Francis briefly went to Rome's main hospital on Tuesday for tests and returned to the Vatican, two months after he was hospitalized with an acute case of bronchitis. (yourerie.com)
  • Acute bronchitis is the most common type of bronchitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Symptoms will depend on the type of bronchitis. (empowher.com)
  • Excessive smoking, exposure to certain drugs and heredity play a huge role, which lead to bronchitis. (planetayurveda.com)
  • Someone experiencing bronchitis symptoms with allergies may have difficulty taking a deep breath. (healthfully.com)
  • Bronchitis symptoms with allergies will be accompanied by other allergy symptoms, such as sneezing, watery eyes or nasal congestion, according to MayoClinic.com 3 . (healthfully.com)
  • Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses, typically the same viruses that cause colds and flu (influenza). (mayoclinic.org)
  • Viruses most likely to trigger acute bronchitis are those responsible for influenza (the flu) or the common cold. (medbroadcast.com)
  • Acute bronchitis can be caused by RSV, coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, influenza type A, and influenza type B virus. (differencebetween.net)
  • Acute bronchitis is caused by virus and often occurs if the patient is suffering from common cold or influenza. (saltroomwinterhaven.com)
  • Irritative bronchitis-due to frequent contact with certain irritants. (empowher.com)
  • The condition is called acute irritative bronchitis when it is caused by inhaling dust, fumes, or smoke. (medbroadcast.com)
  • A case of plastic bronchitis presenting 9 years after Fontan. (qxmd.com)
  • A 15-year-old boy with hypoplastic left heart syndrome experienced plastic bronchitis 9 years after completion of a nonfenestrated lateral tunnel Fontan. (qxmd.com)
  • This report reviews pathophysiology of plastic bronchitis cast formation and therapy in the context of this late presentation after Fontan. (qxmd.com)
  • A virulent avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was programs in many countries ( 1 - 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In these cases, it is called acute infectious bronchitis . (medbroadcast.com)
  • Lung volume reduction surgery, during which small wedges of damaged lung tissue are removed, may be recommended for some patients with chronic bronchitis. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Patients with chronic bronchitis are often overweight and cyanotic. (medscape.com)
  • Inhaling polluted air can be dangerous for the patients of bronchitis. (planetayurveda.com)
  • An analysis of the physiological strain of submaximal exercise in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. (bmj.com)